Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distance de barrière minimale'
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On, Vu Ngoc Minh. "A new minimum barrier distance for multivariate images with applications to salient object detection, shortest path finding, and segmentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS454.
Full textHierarchical image representations are widely used in image processing to model the content of an image in the multi-scale structure. A well-known hierarchical representation is the tree of shapes (ToS) which encodes the inclusion relationship between connected components from different thresholded levels. This kind of tree is self-dual, contrast-change invariant and popular in computer vision community. Typically, in our work, we use this representation to compute the new distance which belongs to the mathematical morphology domain. Distance transforms and the saliency maps they induce are generally used in image processing, computer vision, and pattern recognition. One of the most commonly used distance transforms is the geodesic one. Unfortunately, this distance does not always achieve satisfying results on noisy or blurred images. Recently, a new pseudo-distance, called the minimum barrier distance (MBD), more robust to pixel fluctuation, has been introduced. Some years after, Géraud et al. have proposed a good and fast-to-compute approximation of this distance: the Dahu pseudodistance. Since this distance was initially developed for grayscale images, we propose here an extension of this transform to multivariate images; we call it vectorial Dahu pseudo-distance. This new distance is easily and efficiently computed thanks to the multivariate tree of shapes (MToS). We propose an efficient way to compute this distance and its deduced saliency map in this thesis. We also investigate the properties of this distance in dealing with noise and blur in the image. This distance has been proved to be robust for pixel invariant. To validate this new distance, we provide benchmarks demonstrating how the vectorial Dahu pseudo-distance is more robust and competitive compared to other MB-based distances. This distance is promising for salient object detection, shortest path finding, and object segmentation. Moreover, we apply this distance to detect the document in videos. Our method is a region-based approach which relies on visual saliency deduced from the Dahu pseudo-distance. We show that the performance of our method is competitive with state-of-the-art methods on the ICDAR Smartdoc 2015 Competition dataset
Ngo, Quoc-Tuong. "Généralisation des précodeurs MIMO basés sur la distance euclidienne minimale." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839594.
Full textCollin, Ludovic. "Optimisation de systèmes multi-antennes basée sur la distance minimale." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES2041.
Full textMulti-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) digital transmission systems currently retain more and more attention due to the very high spectral efficiencies they can achieve over rich scattering transmission channels, such as wireless local area networks (WLAN) or urban mobile wireless communications. In this thesis, in order to evaluate the Bit Error Rate (BER) of MIMO communications, we propose to use the second-order Unscented Transformation method. Next, we propose a fast Maximum Likelihood Based (MLB) decoder for a MIMO Rician fading channel. Lastly, we propose two new non-diagonal precoders, based on the optimization of the minimum euclidean distance. Comparisons to other known precoders, such as Water-Filling (WF), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and maximization of the minimum singular value of the global channel matrix, are performed to illustrate the significant BER improvement of the proposed precoders
Cadic, Emmanuel. "Construction de Turbo Codes courts possédant de bonnes propriétés de distance minimale." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2c131fa5-a15a-4726-8d49-663621bd2daf/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0018.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is aimed at building turbo codes with good minimum distances and delaying the``error-floor'' which corespond to a threshold of 10-6 for the binary error rate. Under this threshold, the slope of the curve decreases significantly. This problem is alleviated by the use of duo-binary turbo codes [11] which guarantee better minimum distances. In order to obtain good minimum distances with short turbo codes (length inferior to 512), the first construction used and studied is the one proposed by Carlach and Vervoux [26]. It allows to obtain very good minimum distances but its decoding is unfortunately very difficult because of its structure. After identifying the reasons for this problem, we have modified these codes by using some graphicals structures which are the gathering of low complexity components codes. The idea is to realize this change without loosing the minimum distances properties, and consequently we had to understand why minimum distances are good for this familly of codes and define a new criteria to choose ``good'' components codes. This criteria is independent from the minimum distance of the component codes because it is derived from the Input-Output Weight Enumerator (IOWE) of the components codes. It allows us to choose components codes with very low complexity which are combined in order to provide 4-state tail-biting trellises. These trellises are then used to build multiple parallel concatenated and serial turbo codes with good minimum distances. Some extremal self-dual codes have been built in that way
Ngo, Quoc-Tuong. "Généralisation des précodeurs basés sur la distance minimale pour les systèmes MIMO à multiplexage spatial." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1E001.
Full textIn this thesis, we studied the efficient non-diagonal precoder based on the maximization of the minimum Euclidean distance (max-dmin) between two received data vectors. Because the complexity of the optimized solutions depends on the number of antennas and the modulation order, the max-dmin precoder was only available in closed-form for two independent data-streams with low-order modulations. Therefore, we firstly extended this solution for two 16-QAM symbols and then generalized the concept to any rectangular QAM modulation. By using trigonometric functions, a new virtual MIMO channel representation thanks to two channel angles, allows the parameterization of the max-dmin precoder and the optimization of the distance for three parallel data streams. Thanks to this scheme, an extension for an odd number of data-streams using QAM modulations is obtained. Not only the minimum Euclidean distance but also the number of neighbors providing it has an important role in reducing the error probability when an ML detection is considered at the receiver. Aiming at reducing this number of neighbors, a new precoder in which the rotation parameter has no influence is proposed, leading to less complex processing and a smaller space of solutions. Finally, an approximation of the minimum distance was derived by maximizing the minimum diagonal element of the SNR-like matrix. The major advantage of this design is that the solution can be available for all rectangular QAM-modulation and any number of datastreams
Vrigneau, Baptiste. "Systèmes MIMO précodés optimisant la distance minimale : étude des performances et extension du nombre de voies." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481141.
Full textVrigneau, Baptiste. "Système MIMO précodés optimisant la distance minimale : Etude des performances et extension du nombre de voies." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2033.
Full textIn wireless communications, the Multiple-Input Multiple-Ouput (MIMO) systems constitute an efficient way to significantly enhance data transmission according to two main, though antagonistic, parameters: the spectral efficiency and reliability assessed from the average binary error probability (BEP). With such systems the knowledge of the channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter side is paramount to lower reduce the BEP through différent stratégies of power allocation. Indeed, once the CSI has been fully (or perfectly) known, a linear precoder at the transmit side and a linear decoder at the receive side can be designed for subséquent association by optimizing one among the following criteria: minimum mean square error (MMSE) or the capacity. Their respective optimisations have led to a family of diagonal precoders: the MIMO system is équivalent to indépendant SISO subchannels. Recently, a new no-diagonal precoder designed within our laboratory optimizes the minimal Euclidean distance between receive symbols. This thesis work was aimed at estimating the BEP of this precoder for comparison with other methods (Alamouti's code and diagonal precoders). We demonstrated the maximal diversity order of the max¬dmin, and then gave a tight BEP approximation. Moreover, the spatial dimensions and the final cost of a MIMO device were reduced by associating of the precoder max-dmin with polarity diversity. Despite the corrélation induced by this system, the max-dmin performances are still worth being considered. We also proposed an extension of the max-dmin to more than two sub-channels in order to exploit larger MIMO systems
Aubry, Christophe. "Estimation parametrique par la methode de la distance minimale pour les processus de poisson et de diffusion." Le Mans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEMA1005.
Full textGaland, Fabien. "Construction de codes Z indice p à la puissance k linéaires de bonne distance minimale et schémas de dissimulation fondés sur les codes de recouvrement." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN2047.
Full textCrozet, Sébastien. "Efficient contact determination between solids with boundary representations (B-Rep)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM089/document.
Full textWith the development of advanced robotic systems and complex teleoperation tasks, the need to perform simulations before operating on physical systems becomes of increasing interest for feasibility tests, training of the human operators, motion planning, etc. Such simulations usually need to be performed with great accuracy of physical phenomena if, e.g., the operator is expected to face the same ones in the real world and in the virtual scene. Collision detection, i.e., the computation of contact points and contact normals between interacting rigid bodies, occupies a time-consuming part of such a physical simulation. The accuracy and smoothness of such contact information is of primary importance to produce a realistic behavior of the simulated objects. However, the quality of the computed contact information strongly depends on the geometric representation of the parts of the virtual scene directly involved in the mechanical simulation. On the one hand, discrete volumes-based and tessellation-based geometric representations allow very fast contacts generation at the cost of the potential introduction of numerical artifacts due to the approximation of the interacting geometrical shapes. On the other hand, the use of boundary representations (issued by CAD modelers) composed of smooth curve and surfaces removes this approximation problem but is currently considered being too slow in practice for real-time applications.This Ph.D focuses on developing a first complete collision detection framework on solids with smooth boundary representations that achieves real-time performances. Our goal is to allow the real-time simulation of industrial scenarios that require a high level of accuracy. Typical applications are insertion tasks with small mechanical clearances. The proposed approach is based on a bounding-volume hierarchy and takes advantage of key features of industrial mechanical components which are often modeled with surfaces describing functional contacts with canonical surfaces (cylinder, sphere, cone, plane, torus) while contacts over free-form surfaces like B-Splines are mostly accidental and encountered during operations of maintenance and manufacturing. We augment this hierarchy with the identification of supermaximal features in order to avoid redundant exact localization of contact points on canonical surfaces that may be represented as distinct features of the CAD model. In addition, we define polyhedral normal cones that offer tighter bounds of normals than existing normal cones of revolution. Moreover, we extend our method to handle configurations that involve beams modeled as deformable dilated Bézier curves. Finally, parallelization of the full approach allows industrial scenarios to be executed in real-time
Ben, Abdeddaiem Maroua. "Tests d'ajustement pour des processus stochastiques dans le cas de l'hypothèse nulle paramétrique." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1016/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the problem of the construction of several goodness of-fit (GoF) tests in the case of somestochastic processes observed in continuous time. As models of observations, we take "small noise" and ergodic diffusionprocesses and an inhomogeneous Poisson process. Under the null hypothesis, we treat the case where each model depends on an unknown one-dimensional parameter and we consider the minimum distance estimator for this parameter. Our goal is to propose "asymptotically distribution free" (ADF) GoF tests of asymptotic size α ϵ (0,1) in the case of the parametric null hypotheses for the considered models. Indeed, we show that the limit of each studied statistic does not depend on the model and the unknown parameter. Therefore, the tests based on these statistics are ADF.The main purpose of this work is to construct a special linear transformation. In particular, we solve Fredholm equation ofthe second kind with degenerated kernel. Its solution gives us the desired linear transformation. Next, we show that theapplication of this transformation to the basic statistics allows us to introduce statistics with the same limit (the integral of the square of the Wiener process). The latter is "distribution free" because it does not depend on the models and the unknown parameter. Therefore, we construct the ADF GoF tests which are based on this linear transformation for the diffusion ("small noise" and ergodic) and inhomogeneous Poisson processes
Fang, Juing. "Décodage pondère des codes en blocs et quelques sujets sur la complexité du décodage." Paris, ENST, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENST0005.
Full textVallet, François. "Thermodynamique unidimensionnelle et structures bidimensionnelles de quelques modèles pour des systèmes incommensurables." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066151.
Full textChouzenoux, Emilie. "Recherche de pas par Majoration-Minoration : application à la résolution de problèmes inverses." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555643.
Full textHuynh, Jimmy. "Le rôle de la barrière hémato-encéphalique dans la pathogénèse de l'oedème chez des rats souffrant d'insuffisance hépatique chronique." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5894.
Full textBrain edema is a complication associated with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) due to chronic liver failure (cirrhosis). It is unclear whether brain edema is of vasogenic (blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown) or cytotoxic (abnormal cellular uptake of ions) origin. It has been demonstrated that the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) located on the luminal side of the cerebral microvessels (CMV) is implicated in the pathogenesis of brain edema in animal models of ischemia and that the administration of bumetanide, an inhibitor of NKCC, attenuates brain water increase. Two distinct animal models of chronic liver failure and HE are used in the present study; 1) bile duct ligation (BDL) where brain edema, chronic hyperammonemia and systemic oxidative stress are observed; 2) portacaval anastomosis (PCA) where only chronic hyperammonemia is observed. The aims of the study were to: i) determine the origin of brain edema in BDL rats measuring brain extravasation, tight junctions expression and matrix metalloproteinase activation; ii) observe the effects of chronic hyperammonemia on the BBB in PCA rats; iii) study the role of oxidative stress and hyperammonemia; iv) evaluate the role of NKCC in CMV in the pathogenesis of brain edema. The results of the study determined that brain edema in BDL rats is of cytotoxic origin and chronic hyperammonemia independently has no effect on the BBB. An increase of NKCC1 mRNA is associated with brain edema but protein expression and phosphorylation are not. Furthermore, hyperammonemia and oxidative stress independently are not implicated in the development of brain edema however a synergistic effect between the two pathogenic factors in BDL rats remains a possibility.