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FLAMMIA, MICHELE. "Dialogo socratico e dissonanza cognitiva nell’insegnamento della filosofia: analisi di una strategia didattica per la promozione del pensiero critico negli istituti tecnici e professionali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/404417.
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Questo progetto di ricerca analizza una strategia di insegnamento della filosofia nella scuola secondaria ispirata al dialogo socratico, che mira alla creazione e alla gestione efficace della dissonanza cognitiva come strumento di promozione del pensiero critico, denominata Socratic Challenge (SC). La ricerca prende avvio dai laboratori tenuti negli anni 2016/2019 in un istituto tecnico e professionale della provincia di Varese, a cui ho partecipato come ideatore e conduttore, che hanno visto la partecipazione volontaria di circa 150 studenti. Le domande di ricerca sono: Quali sono le caratteristiche della Socratic Challenge? Può costituire una metodologia didattica da proporre? A quali condizioni? All’interno di quale quadro progettuale? La ricerca empirica è di tipo qualitativo, naturalistico ed esplorativa (Lumbelli, 1984), nello specifico un self-study (Hamilton & Pinnegar 2009), articolato in due fasi. Nella prima fase i dati riguardo la motivazione e la percezione dell’impatto formativo sono stati raccolti attraverso interviste in profondità degli studenti (16) e analizzati secondo i criteri dell’analisi tematica riflessiva (Braun & Clarke 2019). Nella seconda fase i laboratori sono stati riproposti a distanza in istituti tecnici e professionali di Milano e provincia, coinvolgendo 113 studenti a cui è stato proposto un questionario qualitativo. I laboratori sono stati registrati e le interazioni discorsive analizzate secondo un approccio qualitativo di tipo induttivo che fa riferimento alla Constructivist Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2006). I primi risultati mostrano come questa strategia didattica dialogica nell’insegnamento della filosofia possa considerarsi un’alternativa efficace rispetto all’impostazione storico-filosofica predominante nella tradizione italiana (Illetterati 2007).This research project analyzes a strategy for teaching philosophy in secondary school inspired by Socratic dialogue, which aims at the creation and effective management of cognitive dissonance as a tool for promoting critical thinking, called Socratic Challenge (SC). The research originates from workshops held in the years 2016/2019 in a technical and vocational institute in the province of Varese, in which I participated as the creator and conductor, involving the voluntary participation of about 150 students. The research questions are: What are the characteristics of the Socratic Challenge? Can it constitute a teaching methodology to be proposed? Under what conditions? Within what project framework? The empirical research is qualitative, naturalistic, and exploratory (Lumbelli, 1984), specifically a self-study (Hamilton & Pinnegar 2009), divided into two phases. In the first phase, data regarding motivation and perceptions of training impact were collected through in-depth interviews of students (16) and analyzed using the criteria of reflective thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke 2019). In the second phase, the workshops were repeated remotely in technical and vocational institutes in Milan and province, involving 113 students who were surveyed with a qualitative questionnaire. The workshops were recorded and the discussion interactions analyzed according to a qualitative inductive approach that refers to Constructivist Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2006). Results show how this dialogical instructional strategy in philosophy teaching can be considered an effective alternative to the historical-philosophical approach predominant in the Italian tradition (Illetterati 2007).
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Robertson, Toby Andrew. "The social psychology of contradictions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337682.
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Vaidis, David Cyril Fabien. "Degré d’Inconsistance, Engagement et Information : Ré-Explorations dans le Champ de la Dissonance Cognitive." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100157.
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[…] Cette thèse se propose de ré-explorer 50 années d’expérimentations et de théorisations sur la dissonance cognitive. Dans le cadre de ce travail, la formulation princeps a été confrontée aux principales reformulations théoriques, dont notamment celles reposant sur un engagement comportemental. Trois hypothèses clés étaient formulées : (a) l’amplitude de la dissonance est fonction de l’importance des cognitions impliquées ; (b) un engagement externe n’est pas nécessaire à l’éveil de la dissonance ; (c) une information inconsistante est suffisante pour générer de la dissonance en absence de comportement explicite. Les expérimentations mises en place étayent ces hypothèses. […] Conjointement, les résultats suggèrent qu’un engagement externe explicite n’est pas indispensable à l’éveil de la dissonance, et qu’une forte inconsistance permet des effets de dissonance en absence de facteur d’engagement. Enfin, à l’aide de mesures d’inconfort psychologique, les trois expérimentations mises en place dans le cadre de l’exposition à l’information inconsistante confirment que la simple exposition à une information inconsistante avec une cognition établie est suffisante pour générer un état de dissonance, cela même en absence d’engagement externe. […] En conclusion, nos résultats soutiennent la formulation initiale de la théorie de la dissonance cognitive et montrent que l’usage d’une méthodologie idoine permet de reconsidérer l’inconsistante entre deux cognitions comme suffisante et nécessaire à l’éveil d’un état de dissonance. La conception actuelle de l’engagement au sein de la théorie de la dissonance est également discutée et plusieurs pistes de recherches sont proposées[…] This thesis intends to re-explore 50 years of experiments and theorizations on cognitive dissonance. The original formulation of the theory was confronted with the main theoretical reformulations, particularly those supporting behavioral commitment as a necessary condition. Three key hypotheses were formulated: (a) the magnitude of dissonance is a function of the importance of the involved cognitions; (b) an external commitment is not necessary for the dissonance arousal; (c) exposure to discrepant information is sufficient to generate cognitive dissonance without requiring an explicit behavior. The designed experiments support these hypotheses. […]Collectively, the results suggest that an external explicit commitment is not necessary for the arousal of dissonance, and that a strong discrepancy allows effects of dissonance with no commitment. Finally, using psychological discomfort measures, the three designed experiments in the framework of exposure to discrepant information confirm that one piece of information discrepant with an established cognition is sufficient to arouse cognitive dissonance, even without external commitment. In this latter approach, we suggest a distinction between on one hand, behavioural dissonance, and on the other hand, informational dissonance. To conclude, our results support the original formulation of cognitive dissonance theory and assert that an appropriate use of methodology assure that discrepancy between two cognitions is a sufficient and necessary condition for dissonance arousal. The current conception of commitment within dissonance theory is also discussed and we offer several suggestions for future researches
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O'Flynne, Teresa. "Spiritual Cognitive Dissonance in LGBTQQ People." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7712.
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Cognitive dissonance between learned spirituality and opposing behaviors is called spiritual cognitive dissonance (SCD). SCD has been successfully proven in former research; however, to date, it has yet to offer descriptions of specific incidents of SCD and/or how it effects the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and questioning (LGBTQQ) individual. A qualitative phenomenological study in which eight participants were interviewed was employed to collect data. The study revealed how SCD manifested in their lives, specifically those who were raised within conservative, heteronormative spiritual homes. All participants were LGBTQQ and believed they had experienced SCD. The data collected during each interview were meticulously analyzed to find similarities with other participant answers and then codified for similar ideas expressed. Each individual experienced SCD in different ways. Most of the participants experienced fear, guilt and/or shame when they began to live authentically as LGBTQQ. Many revealed they had experienced suicidal ideations. Because of the danger of suicide associated with this disorder, it is important that intervention programs be developed to properly recognize and treat this illness. Places of worship should spearhead educational opportunities specifically targeting SCD in the LGBTQQ community. Secular offerings should include education at both the secondary and collegiate levels. Additionally, since SCD is not limited to the LGBTQQ community, this data may also assist therapists who aid heterosexual individuals in coping with spiritual cognitive dissonance.
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El, Karoui Imen. "Mechanisms of conscious and unconscious interpretative processes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066155/document.
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Lorsqu’une représentation accède à la conscience, ce n’est pas simplement une représentation « objective », mais plutôt une interprétation subjective. Cette interprétation reflète la combinaison de nos connaissances sur le monde avec les données de notre environnement. Il est intéressant de comprendre comment ces interprétations se modifient lorsque l’on est confronté à des incohérences entre nos connaissances et les données. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié ces incohérences dans l’environnement et dans le comportement des individus.Dans une première série d’études, nous avons étudié l’apprentissage de régularités dans l’environnement ainsi que les relations entre ce processus et la conscience d’accès. La première étude porte sur les réponses cérébrales associées à la détection de régularités auditives chez des patients épileptiques implantés. La seconde porte sur la mise en place de stratégies lorsque l’on est confronté à de fréquents conflits, conscients ou non. Dans une seconde série d’études, nous avons étudié comment les sujets traitent les incohérences dans leur propre comportement, dans le cadre de la théorie de la dissonance cognitive, en utilisant le paradigme du choix libre. Nous avons identifié un rôle crucial de la mémoire grâce à une étude comportementale et une étude en IRM fonctionnelle.Les résultats de ces quatre études sont discutés dans ce manuscrit autour de deux questions clés. Tout d’abord, ces résultats mettent en évidence l’existence de processus utilisant des stimuli conscients, mais qui ne sont pas conscients eux-mêmes. Ensuite, nous discutons pourquoi l’on tend à chercher de la cohérence, dans notre environnement et dans notre comportementWhen we perceive a word, a picture or a sound, we do not access an ‘objective’ representation of them. Rather we gain immediate access to a subjective interpretation. This interpretation reflects the combination of our prior knowledge about the world with data sampled in the environment. An interesting issue is to understand how we deal with inconsistencies between our prior knowledge and the data from the environment. During this PhD, responses to inconsistencies both in the environment and in subjects’ own behavior were explored. The first series of studies address how subjects process regularities in the environment and how these processes relate to conscious access. To do so, two levels of auditory regularities were studied in epileptic patients implanted with intracranial electrodes. In a second experiment, we used a paradigm derived from the Stroop task to test responses to frequent conscious or unconscious conflicts. Behavioral measures and scalp EEG were used to assess changes in subjects’ strategy when processing trials conflicting with current expectations. In the second series of studies, we analyzed how subjects adapt their interpretations when confronted with inconsistencies in their own behavior, using the framework of cognitive dissonance. The implication of explicit memory was tested in a behavioral experiment and in an fMRI study. The results of these four studies are discussed around two main issues. First, these results highlight the existence of processes which rely on conscious stimuli but are not conscious themselves. Second, we examine what could explain our tendency to constantly seek consistency both in the external world and in our own behavior
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Graupmann, Verena. "The regulation of cognition, affect, and the self : three papers on cognitive dissonance, ambivalence and mood regulation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487119.
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The three papers of this eumulative thesis explore the regulation of cognitive and affective states in relation to internal motives and external constraints, specifically The findings of the reported research show how cognitive and ~ffective ways of in dissonance-reduction via a post-decisional information-search depending on the regarding consistency motives and processing outcomes. is also explored in this context. The third paper consists of five studies looking at how people use mood The first paper reports three studies that investigate what distinguishes The second paper comprises two studies examining the role of mood regulation dissonance from ambivalence in decision-making. It is tested how much people engage in situations with risk constt:aints: One study looks at the conditions for people to regulation and cognitive strategies in response to dissonance, examining in particular replaced by mood regulation. Three further studies assess the relationship of selfregulate unrelated affect in the fate of risky decision-making. A second study examines extent of ambivalence experienced about the decision. The role of decision-commitment is also explored in this context.
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Wingfield, John H. "A goal systemic analysis of cognitive dissonance phenomena." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2859.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Hallin, Nathalie. "Cognitive Dissonance : Neural Correlates and New Theoretical Approaches." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-7173.
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Cognitive dissonance has traditionally been defined as the negative affective state which accompanies inconsistent cognitions and motivates one to make the cognitions consistent. This thesis critically evaluates two theories about cognitive dissonance. The action-based model of dissonance argues that inconsistent cognitions have the potential to interfere with effective and unconflicted action. The new look model of dissonance, contradicting the traditional definition of dissonance, argues that it is aversive consequences rather than inconsistent cognitions that cause dissonance. Recent studies investigating the neural correlates of dissonance show that parts of anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex seem to be involved in the dissonance process. One of the major predictions of the new look model of dissonance has been undermined by recent evidence. In contrast, the action-based model of dissonance is supported by recent studies.
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Hallier, Jeremy Peter. "Cognitive dissonance and attitude change in unemployed men." Thesis, University of East London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303239.
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Elinder, Mikael. "Essays on Economic Voting, Cognitive Dissonance, and Trust." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Economics, Uppsala University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9364.
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Friberg, Amanda, and Emelie Andersson. "Ungdomars attityder till tobak." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18087.
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Denna undersöker hur ungdomars attityder till tobak påverkas av olika typer av exponering. Det finns idag specifika begränsningar och restriktioner för hur marknadsföring av tobak får se ut i Sverige men trots det exponeras vi dagligen på sociala medier, i affärer och liknande, ofta utan vidare medvetenhet. Vi ville genomföra en undersökning över hur ungdomars attityder till tobak skapas och påverkas av sociala, interna och externa påtryckningar. Genom våra två fokusgrupper har vi lyckats samla önskat material och där av kunnat klarlägga flera svar till hur olika typer av exponering påverkar ungdomars attityder till tobak.
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Ávila, Eliana de Souza. "A poet(h)ics of intercultural dissonance." Florianópolis, SC, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/82531.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T15:54:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 197661.pdf: 24376555 bytes, checksum: d64a0778d8a12b5e9970b8d70188540b (MD5)
Análise da poética intercultural de Elizabeth Bishop, elaborando uma percepção expansiva de dissonância ou choque cultural, que problematiza os próprios termos através dos quais o pensamento antitético reduz a realidade experiencial. Demonstra inter-relações entre os textos teórico-críticos de Bishop, que engajam sua crise com a concepção linear do tempo narrativo, e a concepção de 'dissonância emancipatória' ou atonal elaborada por Arnold Schöenberg. Demonstra que os mapeamentos de dissonância cultural feitos por Bishop no Brasil desafiam seus próprios modelos esteticistas e solucionistas (lineares, teleológicas) de representação (especificamente, os modelos de transculturalismo e autenticismo), ao se recusarem a resolver a alteridade (do outro e do eu) na uniformidade (consonância), ou mesmo a dissolver seus conflitos, fixando a alteridade num 'passado atemporal' (sic), primitivizado. Examina a crise (a crítica) textual de consciência social e de gênero no corpus brasileiro de Bishop, argumentando que ele se torna valioso justamente porque a autora fracassa, e de modo perturbador, em realizar seu projeto de produzir resolução sobre suas percepções dissonantes da realidade. Engaja uma política irredutível ou ética de leitura que recusa reduzir o texto intercultural de Bishop a seus discursos solipsistas, pelos quais até mesmo atos aparentemente democráticos convergem dissimuladamente com dinâmicas totalitárias.
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Sauvayre, Romy. "Le Processus d'abandon des croyances défiant le sens commun." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA1017.
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Cette thèse se propose d’aborder la dynamique du changement de croyances en partant d’un mystère soulevé par les psychologues sociaux Festinger, Riecken et Schachter (1956) qui ont suivi un mouvement soucoupiste voyant leur prophétie démentie par les faits. Seront ainsi examinées deux dimensions de ce que nous appellerons le « mystère de Festinger » : d’une part, le démenti factuel d’une croyance ne suffit pas à produire son abandon et, d’autre part, il y aura un seuil au-delà duquel la croyance ploie sous l’évidence. Ce mystère porte donc sur une dimension statique et sur une dimension dynamique. Ce « mystère de Festinger » sera éclairé au moyen de la modélisation des mécanismes cognitifs à l’oeuvre au sein d’une population particulière d’adeptes convaincus nourrissant une adhésion inconditionnelle à des croyances défiant le sens commun diffusées par un mouvement marginal. La logique de ces croyances, souvent perçues comme contre-intuitives au point de considérer ces adeptes convaincus comme irrationnels, s’avérera des plus compréhensibles et rationnellesThis thesis proposes addressing the dynamics of belief change using a mystery described by social psychologists Festinger, Riecken, and Schachter (1956) as a starting point. They followed a UFO cult movement whose prophecy had been contradicted by the facts. Two aspects of what we call the “Festinger mystery” will therefore be investigated. Firstly, that the factual denial of a belief is not sufficient for it to be abandoned and, secondly, that there is a threshold beyond which the belief buckles under the weight of evidence. This mystery has both a static and a dynamic dimension. The “Festinger mystery” will be explained by modelling the cognitive mechanisms at work within a particular population of convinced followers who harbour unconditional beliefs defying common sense and promoted by a cult movement. The logic behind these beliefs, often perceived as counter-intuitive, to such an extent that the believers are considered irrational, will prove to be most understandable and rational
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Girandola, Fabien. "Le paradigme de la double soumission induite : un nouveau regard sur l'experience de Festinger et Carlsmith (1959)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10030.
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L'interet de cetravail est de proposer une nouvelle lecture de l'experience de festinger et carlsmith (1959). Nous avons donne a cette experience, initialement concue en simple soumission induite, un nouveau cadre paradigmatique : la double soumission induite. Dans cette experience, les sujets emettaient deux comportements. Ils reazlisaient une serie de taches fastidieuses (premier comportement) puis devaient la presenter a l'etudiante suivante (deuxieme comportement). Pour ces auteurs, seule la realisation du second comportement (presentation de taches positivement) etait cruciale car c'etait a partir d'elle que le taux de dissonance (d d+c) etait etabli. Selon nous, la cognition relative a la realisation d'une serie de taches doit etre prise en consideratioin dans l'etablissement du taux de dissonance. En effet, les resultats observes dans nos experimentations 1,2,3 et 4 montrent que le premier comportement est susceptible d'affecter le taux de dissonance. Les quatre experimentations realisees sont conformes a la version radicale de la theorie de la dissonance cognitive (beauvois & joule, 1982) : - le taux de dissonance se pose a partir d'une cognition generatrice relative a un comportement du sujet et non a partir de l'attitude privee de celui-ci. - le processus de reduction de la dissonance n'est pas oriente vers la coherence cognitive mais vers la rationalisation du comportement. Sa fonction est de restaurer la valeur du comportement problematique extorqueThe aim of this thesis is to propose a new look on festinger and carlsmith's (1959) induced compliance experiment. It was given consideration to this experiment in a new paradigm : thedouble induced compliance paradigm. In this experiment, subjects realized two behaviors. Subjects first performed two dull tasks (first behavior) and presented them positively to a student (second behavior). For the authors, only the second behavior was due to produce dissonance. According to us, the cognition relative to the tasks performing must be also taken into consideration in the dissonance ratio. Effectively, results showed that the first behavior can affect the dissonance ratio. The four experiments conducted are strictly in accord with radical cognitive dissonance theory (beauvois & joule, 1982) : 1)- the dissonance ratio is established from a behavioral cognition relative to subject's behavior and not from its private attitude. 2)- the process of dissonance reduction is not oriented towards cognitive consistency but rather towards rationalization of behavior. The main function of rationalization is to restore the value of behavior
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Fointiat, Valérie. "Fausse attribution de l'éveil de la dissonance cognitive dans une situation de soumission librement consentie : recherche expérimentale sur la rationalisation en acte." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10021.
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Parmi les plus recentes revisions de la theorie de la dissonance cognitive (festinger, 1957), la version radicale (beauvois et joule, 1981 ; joule, 1986) fait de celle-ci une theorie de la rationalisation des conduites. Le processus de reduction de la dissonance (rationalisation) permet de restaurer a posteriori la valeur du comportement ayant induit la dissonance. En outre, sur la base de la propriete motivationnelle de la dissonance, on envisage ce processus de rationalisation comme un processus a deux voies alternatives ; une voie cognitive, la rationalisation cognitive et une voie comportementale, la rationalisation en acte, l emploi de l une de ces modalites reduisant la probabilite que l individu ait recours a l autre. Nous avons travaille sur ce caractere alternatif du processus de rationalisation (experience 1), dans le paradigme de la fausse attribution de l eveil de la dissonance cognitive (experience 2) ainsi que dans le paradigme du detecteur de mensonges (experience 3). Nos resultats montrent que l individu dans une situation de fausse attribution ne peut plus rationaliser cognitivement le comportement de soumission (effet classique de fausse attribution). Il peut en revanche emprunter la voie comportementale de rationalisation, pour peu qu on lui en offre la possibiliteAmong the most recent revisions of the cognitive dissonance theory (festinger, 1957), the radical version (beauvois et joule, 1981 ; joule, 1986) is a theory of the rationalization of behavior. The process of dissonance reduction (rationalization) permits restoring a posteriori the value of the behavior which induced dissonance. In addition, on the basis of the motivational properties of dissonance, we consider this process of rationalization as a process with two alternative strategies: a cognitive one, cognitive rationalization and a behavioral one, act rationalization. The use of one of thelm reduces the probability that the individual will use the other one. We worked on this alternative character of the rationalization process, generally in the experiment 1, and using the misattribution of cognitive dissonance arousal in experiment 2. Finaly, in experiment 3, we used the bogus pipeline paradigme. Our results show that the individual in a misattribution situation can no longer rationalize cognitively the behavior of compliance (classical misattribution effect). He could rationalize it, however, using the beahvioral strategy, if he had the possibility
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Martinie, Marie Amélie. "La réduction de la dissonance cognitive en situation de fausse attribution : changement d'attitude, trivialisation, rationalisation en act." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10019.
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Ii s'agit de montrer que dans la situation de fausse attribution, dans laquelle le changement d'attitude est absent, la reduction de la dissonance peut s'operer par la voie de la trivialisation. Nos resultats mettent clairement en evidence que, dans cette situation, la voie de la trivialisation peut etre empruntee en lieu et place de celle du changement d'attitude. Ils montrent egalement le caractere alternatif des differentes voies de reduction de la dissonance (changement d'attitude, rationalisation en acte, trivialisation) en situation de fausse attribution. Les 7 experimentations realisees confirment globalement les hypotheses mises a l'epreuve. Il en ressort que dans la situation de fausse attribution la dissonance est mise en sommeil. Des lors que le sujet est recentre sur sa conduite de soumission, la dissonance resurgit.
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Azdia, Touati. "Changement d'attitude et engagement dans les situations de double soumission." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10027.
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La presente these se situe dans le champ de la psychologie sociale et a pour cadre la theorie de la dissonance cognitive (festinger, 1957) et plus precisement sa version radicale (beauvois et joule, 1981 ; joule, 1987 ; joule et beauvois, 1998). Notre objectif est d'etudier les effets cognitifs de l'engagement (le changement d'attitude) dans un nouveau paradigme de la theorie de la dissonance : le paradigme de la double soumission forcee. Dans ce paradigme, les sujets realisent successivement deux comportements, et non un seul. En effet, les resultats de certains travaux sur la double soumission peuvent paraitre contradictoires. Dans certaines recherches, lorsque les sujets realisent deux comportements contrattitudinels, le changement d'attitude, dans le sens de la rationalisation du comportement contrattitudinel, est plus fort (joule, 1991a), alors que dans d'autres recherches le changement d'attitude est moindre (joule, 1991b ; joule et girandola, 1994). Tout se passe donc comme si, dans un cas, le second comportement augmentait la dissonance cognitive generee par le premier, dans l'autre cas, il la diminuait. Nous nous proposons de depasser, ici, cette contradiction, a la lumiere de la theorie de l'engagement de kiesler (1971). Quatre experiences ont ete realisees : dans les deux premieres, les deux comportements sont contrattitudinels, dans les deux suivantes, un seul comportement est contrattitudinel. Ces experiences demarquent la theorie de festinger des theories de la consistance et des theories rivales de la theorie de la dissonance cognitive : la theorie de l'auto-perception (bem, 1967 ; 1972) et celle du management des impressions (tedeschi, 1981) notamment.
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Murray, Ashley Anne. "The effects of psychopathy and Machiavellianism on cognitive dissonance." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Baker, Amanda R. Baker. "Epistemic Profiles, Dissonance Negotiation, and Postsecondary Service-Learning Outcomes." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1499792402490622.
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Simic, Arijana. "Det (eko)logiska valet : En sociologisk studie om relationen mellan handlingar och etiska principer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46873.
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This study targets to design the understanding of the relationship between actions and ethical values. An example of this kind of obliquity is illustrated by how environmental issues gets positive response from a majority while a minority have an environmentalfriendly behaviour towards it. This is studied by examining how private persons percieve the link between their consciousness and their effort to make a change. The method that has been used was single interviews with six male collegestudents. The main questioin is how it is possible to understand values and behaviour among men during education. The main theory involves cognitive dissonance, where the importance of differences between moral and deeds are discussed. The theory also focus on the problems with social traps in the society. The result shows that differences occur in the environmental behavour of people. These are caused by neutrality or the absence of information. Meanwhile, people who state to have environmental issues as a main interest sees more problems facing the ecological sustainability since they are more aware. The result also displayed environmental actions as ethically correct and if not performed causes a bad self-image. Connecting the collegestudents’ attitudes, cognitive dissonance och social traps, three general types of characters have been found for the analysis. The conclusion is to start engaging the population to greener actions by bigger co-operations between organisations and the society by including self-interest. This makes the population gain trust and make rational choices before co-operating.Denna studie riktar sig mot att skapa en förståelse för relationen mellan handling och etiska principer. Ett exempel på ett snedvridet förhållande är hur miljöproblem får positiv respons av majoriteten av populationen, medan en minoritet möter problemen med ett miljövänligt beteende. Undersökningen utgår från hur privatpersoner reflekterar kring länken mellan sitt samvete och sin insats att göra skillnad. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer med sex manliga universitetsstudenter. Den huvudsakliga frågeställningen är hur det är möjligt att förstå värderingar och beteende hos män under utbildning. Den huvudsakliga teorin grundar sig i kognitiv dissonans för att belysa betydelsen kring skillnader mellan moral och handling. Teorin fokuserar även på problemen med sociala fällor i samhället. Resultatet visar att skillnader finns i människors miljöorinenterade beteendemönster, vilka orsakas av neutralitet eller brist på information. Resultaten visar även att individer som visar stort engagemang för miljöfrågor också ser fler hot mot den ekologiska hållbarheten eftersom de är mer insatta i ämnet. Resultaten visar också att miljövänliga handlingar uppfattas som etiskt korrekta och skadar självbilden om de inte genomförs. Genom att sammankoppla studenternas attityder, kognitiva dissonans och sociala fällor har tre generella karaktärstyper konstruerats och framställts i analysen. Slutsatsen är att uppmuntra populationen till grönare handlingar genom ett större samarbeten mellan organisationer och samhället där egenintresset inkluderas. Detta får populationens förtroende att växa och göra rationella beslut före samarbetet.
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Raymondo, Valérie. "Soumission, dissonance et rationalisation en acte." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10022.
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Selon le theorie de la dissonance cognitive de festinger (1957), lorsque les sujets realisent un comportement qui va a l'encontre de leurs convictions ou de leurs motivations, ils ressentent un etat de tension appele dissonance. Pour reduire cette dissonance, les sujets peuvent modifier leurs opinions pour qu'elles s'accordent mieux a leur comportement. Sur les bases de la conception radicale de la theorie de la dissonance cognitive (beauvois, et joule, 1981, 1996), joule (1986b) envisage une nouvelle modalite de reduction de la dissonance : la rationalisation en acte. Selon lui, un comportement contre-attitudinel peut etre rationalise, par la realisation d'un nouveau comportement consistant avec le premier. L'objectif de cette these est d'etudier le processus de rationalisation en acte et de prouver que l'acceptation du second comportement permet bien de reduire la dissonance. Dans le premier chapitre, nous presentons la theorie de la dissonance cognitive de festinger (1957), et les proprietes motivationelles de la dissonance. Nous passons en revue les differents modes de reduction de la dissonance, et analysons s'ils sont utilises de facon complementaire ou alternative. Le second chapitre est consacre a une presentation de la conception radicale de la theorie de la dissonance cognitive et au processus de rationalisation en acte. Notre troisieme chapitre est experimental. Dans nos experiences, nous amenons les sujets a realiser un comportement contre-attitudinel. Immediatement apres, nous leur proposons un second comportement. Nous mesurons le taux d'acceptation du second comportement ainsi que ses effets sur le niveau de dissonance (changement d'attitude). Notre hypothese principale est, que si les sujets rationalisent en acte, ils ne devraient plus eprouver le besoin de rationaliser cognitivement (changement d'attitude). Cette hypothese n'est pas confirmee. Nous n'observons pas difference entre les sujets qui realisent un comportement, et ceux qui en realisent deux. Dans chaque conditions, les sujets eprouvent de la dissonance et modifient leur attitude dans les sens des comportements acceptes. Nous ne pouvons donc pas conclure que l'acceptation du second comportement a permis de reduire la dissonance eveillee par le premier. Nos resultats sont interpretes en terme de consistance comportementale, et d'escalade d'engagement
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Mihok, Lorena Diane. "Cognitive dissonance in early Colonial pictorial manuscripts from Central Mexico." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001352.
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Guo, Jiaqi. "Investor behaviour : an examination of investor sentiment and cognitive dissonance." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18857/.
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This thesis seeks to examine the roles of investor sentiment and cognitive dissonance on investor behaviour. The objectives of this thesis are: first, to investigate the impact of the interaction of investor sentiment with culture on momentum and post-earnings-announcement-drift by way of cognitive dissonance in international markets; second, using investor sentiment and analyst recommendations to examine how cognitive dissonance affects institutional herding in the U.S. financial market. The effect of investor sentiment, culture as well as cognitive dissonance is examined for the two anomalies, momentum and post-earnings-announcement-drift. The investigation is carried out both across a wide range of countries and in two distinct culture groups. We investigate these issues by building on a specific behavioural model and by bringing together arguments from psychology and the cross-culture literature in relation to investor sentiment, culture and the notion of cognitive dissonance. We propose that cognitive dissonance will be evident when private or public news contradicts investors’ sentiment. This will cause a slow diffusion of such news being incorporated into stock prices, resulting in return continuation and people in different cultures experiencing different degrees of cognitive dissonance and in different situations. The empirical findings suggest that cognitive dissonance is a key driver in explaining these two anomalies across countries and in the two distinct cultures. The interaction of investor sentiment and analyst recommendations on institutional herding is investigated by using two commonly used herding measures in the micro-level in the U.S. It suggests that cognitive dissonance is an important driver for institutional herding by taking account of the interaction between the two factors. Cognitive dissonance will be evident when analyst recommendation revisions conflict with sentiment, causing institutions to herd differently in the current and subsequent periods. The two herding measures allow us to capture different aspects of herding in the two periods and to gain better insights into spurious and intentional herding.
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Hafer, Joseph. "The role of self-schema status in moderating cognitive dissonance." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1850719471&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Batt, Marie. "Les effets de l’engagement par le brouillon sur des scripteurs au collège." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21918/document.
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Lorsqu’un professeur de français incite un élève à produire un brouillon, il cherche en premier lieu à agir sur le comportement du scripteur par la production d’un écrit le menant à opérer une révision de son texte. C’est donc avant tout une action qui est attendue : celle d’un retour sur les écrits se matérialisant sous le trait de ratures. La mise en œuvre d’un brouillon ne s’arrête pas là. Elle touche tout autant les attitudes par une confrontation à un texte qui ne se présente pas sous la forme d’un écrit définitif ou d’une dictée provenant des sources mêmes de l’inspiration, mais comme un travail, une élaboration. Cette étude, à travers la théorie de l’engagement, tente d’approcher les conséquences comportementales et cognitives de la réalisation de brouillons. Pour ce faire, sont analysés via le type de ratures, les brouillons de 253 scripteurs appartenant aux classes de sixième et de troisième. En parallèle, un questionnaire renseigne quant à la manifestation d’effets cognitifs. Les résultats présentent la situation d’engagement, les aspects problématiques soulevés par la rédaction et le brouillon ainsi que les caractéristiques des effets comportementaux et cognitifs en fonction de l’expertise du scripteurWhen a professor of french encourages a student to produce a draft, at first, he looks for to act on the writer’s behavior by producing a writing which leads him to carry out a revision of its text. It is then an action that is expected : the one of a review of the writings which materializes under the stroke of erasures. The purpose of a draft don’t stops here. It concerns as much the writer’s attitudes by facing a text that is not in form of a final writing or a dictation deriving from inspiration’s sources but as a work, as an elaboration. This study, through the commitment theory attempts to cover the behavioral and cognitive consequences linked to the completion of a draft. For that purpose, the analysis based on the kind of the erasures covers the drafts of 253 writers pertaining to the 6th and 3rd classes. Besides, a questionnaire gives information about the appearance of cognitive effects. The results either show the commitment situation, the problematic aspects raised by the redaction and the draft or the behavioral and cognitive effects characteristics depending on the writer’s expertise
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Wallin-Ruschman, Jennifer. "A Girl Power Study: Looking and Listening to the Role of Emotions and Relationality in Developing Critical Consciousness." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1837.
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The concept of critical consciousness centers on the capacity for involvement in social change efforts. Its development has been the aim of many recent social movements (e.g., the consciousness raising groups of the women's movement). In this work, critical consciousness is defined as the highest level of socio-political-cultural (SPC) consciousness development. SPC consciousness is characterized by the linking of the personal and the political so that structures and discourses of oppression are not only understood but also lead to critical action and transforming relations of domination. Additionally, critical consciousness includes the ability to tolerate ambivalence and conflict as well as the capacity to form group identifications that support critical reflection. While critical consciousness can develop in a variety of settings, it has a historical affinity with liberation education projects, particularly education projects that combine Critical Pedagogy and community engaged learning.
Empirical inquiry on critical consciousness development is extremely limited. This dissertation addresses that gap, focusing specifically on the role of emotion and relationality in critical consciousness development. Further, the study offers a feminist critique of the literature, addressing as well the contribution of Community Psychology to conceptualizing critical consciousness.
This dissertation analyzes data gathered through the Girl Power Senior Capstone, a course routinely taught at an urban Pacific Northwest public university. The six-hour course lasts for one quarter-term and integrates classroom time with community engagement. A central aim of the course is the development of critical consciousness. Specifically, the research was designed to address the following questions: 1) How are emotionally and relationally significant Girl Power experiences related to SPC consciousness development? 2) What tensions arise between the dominant culture and/or significant others' values and the values of the Girl Power capstone and how do these tensions move individuals toward or away from critical consciousness?
The theoretical framework and interview schedule were guided by participant observation of the Girl Power course conducted over an academic term. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with all consenting and available capstone participants (N=10) in the course where participant-observations were carried out. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed based on a modified version of Carol Gilligan's Listening Guide.
Two primary themes emerged from the data analysis-- the processes of awakening and sources of dissonance. The first theme relates to the processes of transformation that participants undergo during and following the course. Participants discuss this process as coming to see the world in a new way though their emotional experiences and relations developed in the course. The second theme, sources of dissonance, addresses sources of conflict that emerge as participants undergo this process of awakening. Areas of tension that were particularly salient centered on relationships and experiences in the course. Participants identified experiences in the course that they perceived as contributing in key respects to SPC consciousness. Yet some aspects of change in the course seemed to reflect limiting capacities, including magical thinking, a limited range of critical action strategies, and lack of critical community post Girl Power. The findings from the dissertation can be used to inform the creation and implementation of future projects of critical consciousness development and social justice work more broadly.
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Rogers, Susan. "The influence of sensory and cognitive consonance/ dissonance on musical signal processing." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95035.
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This thesis investigates possible origins of the distinction between consonant and dissonant auditory events and how persons with and without formal musical training judge the distinction. Two studies comprising six experiments used behavioral methods to explore perceptual and cognitive differences between musicians and nonmusicians. The first three experiments concern the qualitative assessment of auditory roughness a primary component of sensory dissonance. The remaining three experiments concern short-term memory for musical intervals as distinguished by their properties of consonance and dissonance. An original contribution of this thesis is to quantify several differences that musical training confers upon both bottom-up (sensory-driven) and top-down (knowledge-driven) processing of musical sounds. These studies show that knowledge of a tonal hierarchy in a given culture cannot be reliably dissociated from the evaluation of a musical sound's features. Moreover, they show that robust, accurate auditory short-term memory exceeds the duration previously reported in the literature. These findings are relevant to theories of music perception and cognition, auditory short-term memory, and the psychophysical scaling of auditory event properties.Dans cette thèse nous étudions les origines possibles de la distinction entre événements auditifs consonants et dissonants, ainsi que la façon dont cette distinction est révélée dans le traitement auditif par les personnes ayant une formation musicale ou pas. Deux études comprenant six expériences ont employé des méthodes comportementales pour explorer les différences perceptives et cognitives entre musiciens et non musiciens. Les trois premières expériences concernent l'évaluation qualitative de la rugosité auditives un composant élémentaire de la dissonance sensorielle. Les autres trois expériences concernent les différences de la mémoire à court terme entre les intervalles musicaux consonants et dissonants. Une contribution originale de cette thèse est de quantifier plusieurs différences que la formation musicale confèrent sur les traitements ascendants (conduits par les sensations) et descendants (conduits par les connaissances) des sons musicaux. Ces études montrent que les connaissances sur la hiérarchie tonale dans une culture donnée ne peuvent pas être fiablement dissociées de l'évaluation des attributs d'un son musical et que la durée de la mémoire auditive à court terme, qui est robuste et précise, excède celle rapportée précèdemment dans la littérature.
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Brousse-Tricoire, Elodie. "Rester anonyme ou décliner son identité dans le paradigme de l'hypocrisie induite." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3025.
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Aronson, E., Fried, C., Stone, J., (1991) ont cherché à mettre en place une procédure permettant aux acteurs de la vie sociale de promouvoir de nouveaux comportements socialement souhaitables, comme l’utilisation du préservatif. C’est ainsi que va naître le paradigme de l’hypocrisie induite. Ce paradigme résulte de l’enchaînement de deux facteurs : l’engagement dans le comportement pro-normatif et, le rappel et la saillance des transgressions récentes passées. L’articulation des deux phases provoque un état de dissonance qui va générer une modification du comportement dans le sens du discours pro-normatif. Cette thèse a cherché à démontrer de quelle manière ce paradigme de l’hypocrisie induite est le plus efficace en termes de modification du comportement : en restant anonyme ou en déclinant son identité. Fried (1998), identifie les sujets avec leurs transgressions en déclinant leur identité afin d'augmenter leur dissonance. Toutefois, les résultats obtenus ont démontré le contraire. Cette thèse, présente quatre expérimentations, reprenant la manipulation du facteur « déclinaison de son identité » dans le paradigme de l’hypocrisie induite, lors des deux phases. Les résultats obtenus répliquent en termes de changement de comportement, ceux obtenus par Fried. L’effet d’hypocrisie disparaît lorsque les sujets sont identifiés avec leur rappel des transgressions. Il résulte de nos travaux que la formule la plus efficace à l’obtention de l’effet d’hypocrisie est celle combinant un prêche et un rappel des transgressions anonymes. De plus, la dissonance éveillée suite à la manipulation d’hypocrisie peut être réduite par d’autres voies que la modification du comportementAronson, E., Fried, C., Stone, J., (1991) sought to establish a procedure allowing the actors of society to promote new socially desirable behaviors such as condom use. Thus is born the paradigm of the induced hypocrisy.This paradigm results from a chain of two factors: engagement in pro-normative behavior and recall and salience recent past transgressions. The articulation of the two phases causes a state of dissonance that will generate a change in behavior in the direction of pro-normative discourse. In this thesis, we sought to demonstrate how the paradigm of the induced hypocrisy is the most efficient in terms of behavior modification: remaining anonymous or stating his identity. In a study done by Fried (1998), subjects are identified with their transgressions by declining their identity. This was to increase dissonance. However, the results have shown otherwise.This thesis presents four experiments, taking one hand manipulation of the factor "version of its identity" in the experimental procedure paradigm induced hypocrisy, not only for the transgression phase but also in the phase of preaching. And secondly, introducing new ways of reducing cognitive dissonance.The results obtained replicate in terms of behavior change, those obtained by Fried. The hypocrisy effect disappears when subjects are identified with their recall of transgressions. It is clear from our work that the most effective formula to obtain the effect of hypocrisy is by combining a sermon and a reminder anonymous transgressions. Our studies also show that the dissonance aroused from manipulating hypocrisy can be reduced by means other than behavior modification
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Frodin, Oskar, and Luna Karaberg. "Flygparadoxen - Den moraliska identiteten och dess betydelse för obehag vid kognitiv dissonans." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-87661.
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Klimatförändringar har en ökad negativ påverkan på miljön. Detta utgör en stor utmaning för människor, eftersom mänsklig aktivitet spelar en avgörande roll i det som orsakar de negativa klimatförändringarna. Flygresor har exempelvis en stor negativ påverkan på miljön, men trots medvetenheten om detta används flyg som transportmedel mer än någonsin tidigare. Syftet med denna studie var att bidra till förståelsen för hur människor hanterar denna moraliska konflikt i relation till flygresor, genom att undersöka upplevd kognitiv dissonans och moralisk identitet. Vi genomförde en experimentell enkätundersökning, där deltagarna (N=148) antingen fick information som var tänkt att utlösa kognitiv dissonans (flygresors negativa påverkan på klimatet; experimentgrupp) eller information om fördelarna med flygresor (kontrollgrupp). I båda grupperna mättes affekt före och efter informationen. En skala över moralisk identitet fylldes också i. Resultaten visade en ökad negativ affekt i samband med kognitiv dissonans i experimentgruppen än i kontrollgruppen. Denna effekt visade ingen skillnad mellan könen. Det fanns en positiv korrelation mellan självrapporterad moralisk identitet och ökad dissonans, i relation till negativ affekt. Sammanfattningsvis påvisar studien att flygresande och dess negativa påverkan på miljön väcker kognitiv dissonans hos människor och att det finns ett samband mellan kognitiv dissonans och en persons moraliska identitet.Climate change has an increasing negative impact on the environment. This poses a big challenge on humans, since human activity plays a crucial role in causing negative changes in climate but we also have the opportunity to reverse climate change. Air travel for instance has a major negative impact on the environment, but despite the awareness of this, there are more flights than ever before. The aim of this study was to contribute the understanding of how people deal with moral conflict related to air travel, by taking into account perceived cognitive dissonance and moral identity. We conducted an online experimental survey in which participants (N=148) were either presented with information about air travel´s negative impact on the climate, that was supposed to trigger cognitive dissonance (experimental group) or with information about the advantages of air travel (control group). In both groups, affect was measured before and after the information and all participants completed the moral identity scale. The results revealed increased negative affect related to cognitive dissonance in the experimental group than in the control group. This effect did not depend on gender. There was a positive correlation between self-reported moral identity and increased dissonance, related to negative affect. Taken together, the study shows that air travel and its negative impact on the environment evoke cognitive dissonance in people and that there is a connection between cognitive dissonance and a person's moral identity.
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Maynard, Elizabeth A. "The Role of Cognitive Dissonance in New Methods for Inducing Empathy." Marietta College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marietta1559254906779453.
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Lair, Elicia Chelsey. "The 2008 Election: Prior Belief Strength, Cognitive Dissonance, and Voter Reactions." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626642.
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Dequerd, Pavin Christiane. "Le paradigme des grandes vacances : rationalisation versus consistance cognitive chez des enfants placés en situation de soumission forcée." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE29042.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans un courant de recherches lies aux travaux de beauvois et joule (1981) derivee de la theorie de la dissonance cognitive de festinger (1957) et vise a court et a long terme de la dynamique cognitive lors du proces de reduction de la dissonance. Partant de l'hypothese centrale selon laquelle la reduction de la dissonance4 ne peut etre la reduction de toutes les inconsistances mais est susceptible de generer un certain desequilibre, l'objectif fut de reperer conjointement les modifications evaluatrices consecutives a l'emission d'un acte problematique (ecrire un essai contre-attidunal en faveur du racourcissement du temps des grandes vacances) et les retombees cognitives de ces modifications. L'ouvrage est structure autour de trois experimentations menees en milieu scolaire avec des enfants relevant de classes cm1-cm2 et les resultats, pris dans leur ensemble, permettent de mieux apprehender la specificite du processus de reduction de la dissonance : le changement d'attitude, reducteur de dissonance, ne s'accompagne pas, meme a terme, de modifications cognitives conjointes allant dans le meme sens. Ils invalident les interpretations classiques en termes de consistance envisagent le changement evaluatif post-experimental comme la consequence des changements cognitifsThis work comes in line with beauvois and joule's research (1981) derived from the theory of cognitive dissonance (festinger, 1957) and is focused on the study, in short and long terms conditions, of the cognitive dynamics at the time of dissonance reduction. Starting from the central hypothesis that dissonance reduction cannot be the reduction of all the inconsistencies but may generate some unbalance, the objects was ti identify conjointly the evalutive modifications subsequent to a problematic behaviour (writing a counterattitudinal essay in favour of the reduction of the time of summer holidays) and the repercussions of these modifications. The work is structureds around three studies conducted in elementary school (10-11 years old) and the results, globally, allow to understand better the specificity of the dissonance reduction process : the attitude change, when it is reducing the dissonance, is not accompanied by conjointly cognitive modifications in the same direction, even at long term. They invalide the classic interpretation in terms of consistency considering the post-experimental evaluative change as the consequence of cognitive changes
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Fawzy, Tamer I. "The Relationship between Cognitive Avoidance and Attentional Bias for Snake-Related Thoughts." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/FawzyTI2004.pdf.
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Dossett, Angela Poe. "Inducing Hypocrisy as a Means of Mass Persuasion." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1249582594.
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Karlsson, Marie, and Lisa Lagergren. "# Det är ingen big deal : en kvalitativ studie om ungdomars resonemang kring nätkränkningar på sociala medier." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-27873.
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Nätkränkningar är ett växande problematiskt fenomen i dagens samhälle. Många ungdomar upplever att de blir kränkta på sociala medier, både av bekanta och icke bekanta personer. Studien syftar till att lyfta fram hur motstridiga normer kan tänkas ha en inverkan på ungdomars resonemang kring nätkränkningar och bygger på fem fokusgruppintervjuer med ungdomar. Resultatet visar att ungdomarna anser att alla har valfrihet kring vilka selfies de publicerar på sociala medier, samtidigt som de som utsatts för nätkränkningar ibland får skylla sig själva. Friheten som ungdomarna anser att alla har rätt till är inte alltid på lika villkor eller förbehållslös, det tycks finnas olika normer för olika personer, bland annat killar och tjejer. Med hjälp av Perssons tolkning av Goffmans dramaturgiska ansats, Engdahls resonemang kring frihet och socialt tvång, attributionsteorier och teorin om kognitiv dissonans tolkas detta som att det är lättare för tjejer att korsa gränsen till överdelning genom lättkläddhet på selfies. De som utsatts för nätkränkningar tillskrivs olika personliga attributioner, då ungdomarna upplever att alla vet om riskerna. Vilka attributioner som tillskrivs beror främst på hur nära relation den som tillskriver har med den utsatta. Motstridiga normer skapar kognitiv dissonans hos ungdomarna vilka kommer till uttryck under intervjuerna.Online denigrations is a growing problem in today's society. Many teenagers feel that they get violated on social media by both familiar and non-familiar people. The study aims to highlight how contradictory norms may have an impact on teenager’s reasoning about online denigrations and is based on five focus group interviews with teenagers. The results show that the teenagers believe that everyone has the freedom of choice about which selfies they publish on social media, even though the person subjected to online denigrations sometimes have themselves to blame. The freedom of choice does not always apply on equal terms or unconditionally, there seems to be different norms for different people, inter alia, boys and girls. With the help of Persson’s interpretation of Goffman’s dramaturgical model, Engdahl’s reasoning about freedom and social constraints, attribution theories and cognitive dissonance, we interpret this to mean that it’s easier to cross the border to oversharing for girls, mainly by being underdressed in the selfies. Because the adolescent perceive that everyone knows about the risks of publishing selfies, the victims of online denigrations are attributed with different personal attributions, mainly depending on how close the relationship are between the victim and the one attributing. Conflicting norms creates cognitive dissonance in the teenagers as being expressed during the interviews.
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Wing-Quay, Vanessa. "The role of dissonance in the experience of mothering." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2007. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/32820.
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Maternal dissonance, a specific type of maternal cognition, has been researched little in terms of its importance for the mother. This lack of research has occurred despite the fact that general social discourse assumes the vital importance of dissonant cognitions, based on the notion of the 'perfect mother' image. In the research reported here, maternal dissonance was studies in relation to maternal well-being.Professional Doctorate in Psychology
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Karlsson, Tobias. "Climate change beliefs and attitudes relationship to informational influences and demographic factors." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159208.
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One of the biggest challenges for the modern society is that of climate change. Despite the growing accumulation of scientific evidence that points towards a strong need for action to be made regarding anthropogenic (human made) climate change, there is a lack of unity in what actions are needed and an outspread passivity amongst both establishments and the public. The reason behind this is attributed to lack of belief in anthropogenic climate change, and lack of pro-environmental attitudes amongst the public. Furthermore, these issues have been found to relate to identity related beliefs and attitudes that conflict with pro-environmental beliefs and attitudes, where political orientation has proven to be a strong factor. One way of dealing with these issues could be through informational influences. By presenting people to information shaped in different ways, one could increase the belief in anthropogenic climate change and pro-environmental attitudes. This study examined the relationship between three different informational influences, and its potential effect on climate change beliefs and attitudes. Furthermore, this study examined the relationship between demographic factors such as age, gender and political orientation with regards to their potential effect on climate change beliefs and attitudes. 449 participants completed a survey with intent to measure the potential effects informational influences and demographic factors had on climate change beliefs and attitudes. Despite that indications where found, no significant results could be identified for the informational influences. All demographic factors had some significant effect on climate change beliefs or attitudes, where political orientation was the strongest influencing factor. This relates to earlier research and further implications were discussed for future studies.
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Goldonowicz, Joanna. "Cognitive Dissonance in the Classroom: The Effects of Hypocrisy on Academic Dishonesty." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6278.
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Academic dishonesty and academic entitlement plague many college campuses. This research applies the theory of cognitive dissonance to the classroom in an attempt to curb academic dishonesty. Hypocrisy, a branch of the theory of cognitive dissonance, has been induced with regards to health and pro-social causes, but has not been applied to the field of higher education. In order to apply the concept of hypocrisy to academic dishonesty, a two-part experiment was conducted. The first portion of the experiment was an in-class manipulation and the second portion was an online survey conducted one month after the manipulation. Two hundred two students participated in both portions of the experiment. The participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (e.g., hypocrisy, commitment only, mindfulness only, control) and participated in two activities. One month after the manipulation took place, students were sent a link to the online survey with a cover story indicating that the survey was part of a research study. After the survey was closed, participants were debriefed and the data was cleaned. Upon analyzing the data, no significant results were detected. The lack of statistical significance was likely due to the month time lapse and the single dose of the manipulation treatment. Overall, this study pioneers the application of hypocrisy in the field of education and provides guidance for future hypocrisy induction studies.M.A.
Masters
Communication
Sciences
Communication; Interpersonal Communication Track
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Semanko, Anna Maruska. "Changing Dating Behavior Expectations by Using Judgmental Anchors to Induce Cognitive Dissonance." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29303.
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This study expanded upon literature separately examining numerical anchors and cognitive dissonance, by attempting to use numerical anchors to induce cognitive dissonance and change dating behavior expectations. The high numerical anchors had an effect on dating behavior expectations, such that the expectations assimilated in a healthier direction toward the anchor value. The dissonance manipulation resulted in higher levels of psychological discomfort, as measured by the scale created for this thesis. Further, an exploration of assessing magnitude of dissonance and an examination of the theoretical antecedents of dating behavior intentions was conducted. Overall, future dating behavior intentions for respect, trust, communication and helping behaviors were in healthy directions. Additionally, dating behavior intentions assessed four to six weeks after the study remained in a healthy direction. These findings are informative and contribute to our knowledge regarding the use of numerical anchors, cognitive dissonance, and undergraduate dating behavior expectations and intentions.
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Rodrigues, Lionel. "Auto-prophéties : un nouveau paradigme pour la théorie de la dissonance cognitive." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3107/document.
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Le paradigme des auto-prophéties est abordé sous l'angle de la théorie de la dissonance cognitive. Prédire son comportement rendrait accessible deux éléments de pensée potentiellement contradictoires. D'une part, les croyances normatives associées au comportement qui relèvent du prescriptif, d'autre part, le comportement passé transgressif. Un individu n'agissant pas en accord avec son système de croyances serait sujet à une inconsistance cognitive génératrice de dissonance. En prédisant son comportement cet individu prendrait conscience qu'il n'agit pas toujours comme il le devrait. Cette thèse comprend 6 expériences (N=788). Nous testons les effets de la réalisation d'une prédiction sur le recyclage des déchets. Le recyclage est perçu comme un comportement normatif auprès d'une population universitaire (expérience 1). Les auto-prophéties réalisées en contexte de libre-choix et en l'absence de fausse attribution amènent les participants à exprimer une attitude favorable au recyclage (expérience 2). Nous montrons qu'une prédiction est source d'inconfort psychologique uniquement en contexte de libre-choix (expérience 3) et lorsque l'habitude de recycler est faible (expérience 4). Les croyances normatives sont également impliquées dans le processus de dissonance et médiatisent l'effet de l'habitude sur l'inconfort psychologique (expérience 5). La justification du comportement passé, qui est un mode de réduction de la dissonance, réduit l'inconfort psychologique en situation de prédiction (expérience 6). Nous proposons des pistes de recherches ainsi que des applications possibles au paradigme des auto-prophétiesParadigm of self-prophecies is discussed under the cognitive dissonance theory. Predict his behavior would make accessible two potentially contradictory elements of thought. Firslty, normative beliefs associated with behavior that fall within the prescriptive, on the other hand, the transgressive past behavior. An individual not acting in accordance with his belief system, would be subject to a cognitive inconsistency that generates dissonance. By predicting his behavior this individual would realize that he does not always act as they should. This thesis includes six experiments (N=788). We test the effects of performing a prediction on waste recycling. Recycling is perceived as normative behavior near university population (experiment 1). Self-prophecies realized in a free-choice context and in the absence of misattribution bring the participants to express a favorable attitude for recycling (experiment 2). We show that a prediction is a source of psychological discomfort only in a free-choice context (experiment 3) and when habit of recycling is low (experiment 4). Normative beliefs are also involved in the dissonance process and mediate the effect of habit on psychological discomfort (experiment 5). The justification of past behavior, which is a mode of dissonance reduction, reduced psychological discomfort in situation of prediction (experiment 6). We propose tracks of research and possible applications to the paradigm of self-prophecies
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Elkins, Aaron Chaim. "Vocalic Markers of Deception and Cognitive Dissonance for Automated Emotion Detection Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202930.
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This dissertation investigates vocal behavior, measured using standard acoustic and commercial vocal analysis software, as it occurs naturally while lying, experiencing cognitive dissonance, or receiving a security interview conducted by an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA).In study one, vocal analysis software used for credibility assessment was investigated experimentally. Using a repeated measures design, 96 participants lied and told the truth during a multiple question interview. The vocal analysis software's built-in deception classifier performed at the chance level. When the vocal measurements were analyzed independent of the software's interface, the variables FMain (Stress), AVJ (Cognitive Effort), and SOS (Fear) significantly differentiated between truth and deception. Using these measurements, a logistic regression and machine learning algorithms predicted deception with accuracy up to 62.8%. Using standard acoustic measures, vocal pitch and voice quality was predicted by deception and stress.In study two, deceptive vocal and linguistic behaviors were investigated using a direct manipulation of arousal, affect, and cognitive difficulty by inducing cognitive dissonance. Participants (N=52) made verbal counter-attitudinal arguments out loud that were subjected to vocal and linguistic analysis. Participants experiencing cognitive dissonance spoke with higher vocal pitch, response latency, linguistic Quantity, and Certainty and lower Specificity. Linguistic Specificity mediated the dissonance and attitude change. Commercial vocal analysis software revealed that cognitive dissonance induced participants exhibited higher initial levels of Say or Stop (SOS), a measurement of fear.Study three investigated the use of the voice to predict trust. Participants (N=88) received a screening interview from an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA) and reported their perceptions of the ECA. A growth model was developed that predicted trust during the interaction using the voice, time, and demographics.In study four, border guards participants were randomly assigned into either the Bomb Maker (N = 16) or Control (N = 13) condition. Participants either did or did not assemble a realistic, but non-operational, improvised explosive device (IED) to smuggle past an ECA security interviewer. Participants in the Bomb Maker condition had 25.34% more variation in their vocal pitch than the control condition participants.This research provides support that the voice is potentially a reliable and valid measurement of emotion and deception suitable for integration into future technologies such as automated security screenings and advanced human-computer interactions.
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FOURNY, GALLEN Céline. "De la dissonance cognitive au besoin de reassurance applique a la consommation alimentaire : une approche par les representations mentales." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT4004.
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L'objectif de cette recherche est de faire emerger un nouveau concept en marketing : le besoin de reassurance issu de la dissonance cognitive et applique a la consommation alimentaire une lecture critique des travaux sur les modeles d'attitudes nous a conduit a introduire le role des representations mentales, en amont des attitudes, dans le processus de decision. Nous avons montre l'interet de les prendre en compte dans l'etude des comportements alimentaires. Lorsque les representations d'un produit en memoire ne sont pas conformes a ce que percoit un consommateur au moment de l'achat, on parle de dissonance cognitive. Elle se traduit par un inconfort mental. De la naissent une incertitude et risque percu quant aux consequences de la consommation alimentaire qui aboutissent a un besoin,de reassurance des consommateurs. Nous avons identifie le besoin de reassurance a partir de ses indicateurs, nous l'avons distingue des concepts qui s'en rapprochent (risque percu, aversion pour le risque, anxiete) pour finalement faire emerger une definition et l'integrer dans un modele. Une premiere etude qualitative sur la base d'entretiens a permis d'apprehender empiriquement ce besoin et de preciser le modele. Puis afin de mesurer ce concept, une echelle de mesure a ete developpee, mettant a jour sa dimensionalite. La capacite predictive de notre outil a ete testee et nous avons montre le role mediateur de certaines dimensions du besoin de reassurance entre les dimensions preponderantes du risque percu en alimentaire et les intentions d'achat.
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Redick, Thomas Scott. "Individual differences in working memory capacity and the distinction between proactive and reactive control." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29706.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Engle, Randall; Committee Member: Corballis, Paul; Committee Member: Schumacher, Eric; Committee Member: Spieler, Daniel; Committee Member: Washburn, David. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Gonzalez, Emilie. "Quand questionner influence : processus sous-jacents et explications théoriques de l'effet question-comportement." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0262/document.
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Questionner une personne sur un comportement rend ce dernier plus susceptible d’être réalisé. Trois types d’explications pour cet effet question-comportement ont été étudiées au cours de neuf expériences : une explication normative, une explication attitudinale et une explication motivationnelle. Une première série de quatre études a testé l’explication normative. Seule une étude a présenté des résultats laissant penser que questionner l’individu sur un comportement normatif le conduit à réaliser ce comportement afin de ne pas ressentir de dissonance cognitive. Trois autres expériences ont montré que le comportement cible est plus accessible chez l’individu questionné et que cette accessibilité médie la relation entre les questions et le comportement. De plus, l’attitude associée est déterminante dans l’adoption du comportement. Enfin, les deux dernières études expérimentales ont testé l’explication motivationnelle sans parvenir à collecter des résultats nets en sa faveur. Selon cette dernière explication, répondre à des questions sur un comportement active le but de réaliser ce comportement, ce qui engendre d’autres processus cognitifs (i.e., motivation implicite, accessibilité des informations liées au but). Les résultats sont synthétisés à l’aide de méta-analyses et discutés afin de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de ce phénomèneQuestioning people toward a behavior makes this behavior more likely to be performed. Three possible explanations of this question-behavior effect have been investigated in nine experiments: a normative, an attitudinal and a motivational explanation. Four studies tested the normative explanation. Only one of them shows results attesting that people perform the target behavior after questions to avoid cognitive dissonance. Three more experiments brought results supporting the implication of an accessibility (mediator) process in the question-behavior effect. Moreover, the attitude was decisive in the occurrence of the effect. The motivational explanation has been tested with two experiments who did not provide the expected results. The assumption was that questioning activates the goal of performing the behavior with goal pursuit consequences (i.e., implicit motivation and accessibility of the goal-related information). Results have been summarized with meta-analysis and discussed with the aim of improving the understanding of the question-behavior effect
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Ida, Bengtsson, and Bondesson Ida. "Legalisering eller inte : en kvalitativ intervjustudie om ungdomars attityder inför en möjlig legalisering av cannabis i Sverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25721.
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Syftet med denna studie var att få en djupare förståelse kring ungdomars attityder och deras upplevda livsvärld inför en möjlig legalisering av cannabis i Sverige. För att besvara syftet formulerade vi en frågeställning: Vilka tidigare kunskaper och erfarenheter formar ungdomarnas attityder till droger och hur ser deras attityder ut gentemot cannabis idag? Detta undersökte vi genom kvalitativa intervjuer med ungdomar mellan 15-20 år på ett kulturhus i en mellanstor stad i södra Sverige. Vi ville undersöka vad det är som påverkar ungdomarna i deras formande av attityder gentemot cannabis och en legalisering av cannabis i Sverige samt hur dessa attityder ser ut idag. För att få en så djup förståelse för individernas upplevda livsvärld som möjligt genomförde vi enskilda intervjuer med tio ungdomar som alla har olika erfarenheter och kunskaper. Resultatet visade att det finns en stor bristfällig kunskap när det kommer till droger i allmänhet samt att denna kunskap saknas både i skolan men också i hemmet. Det framkom också att många av ungdomarna någon gång hade provat cannabis eller befunnit sig i kretsar där ett brukande av cannabis pågick. Detta visade sig senare vara en stor bidragande faktor till deras attityder gentemot cannabis och en legalisering av cannabis i Sverige. Med hjälp av Festingers teori om kognitiv dissonans visade analysen att den kognitiva dissonansen var en bidragande faktor till deras attityder. Utifrån Scheffs teori om hänsynsemotionssystemet, med fokus på sociala band, skam och stolthet, bidrog tryggheten och otryggheten hos informanterna till deras attityder. Den otillräckliga kunskapen, tryggheten och otryggheten bildade tillsammans grunden för ungdomarnas attityder inför en möjlig legalisering av cannabis i Sverige. Utifrån Mead fanns det brister i rollövertagandet i formandet av deras attityder.The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of young people's attitudes and their perceived life-world face a possible legalization of cannabis in Sweden. To answer the aim we formulated a question: What prior knowledge and experiences shape young people's attitudes to drugs and what are their attitudes towards cannabis today? This, we investigated through qualitative interviews with young people aged 15-20 years at an arts center in a medium large town in southern Sweden. We wanted to explore what affects the youth in their shaping of attitudes towards cannabis and legalization of cannabis in Sweden and how these attitudes are today. To gain a deeper understanding of individuals' perceived life-world as possible, we conducted individual interviews with ten young people who all have different experiences and knowledge. The results showed that there is a great lack of knowledge when it comes to drugs in general, and that this knowledge is lacking both in school but also at home. It also emerged that many of the young people had tried cannabis or been in circles where use of cannabis was ongoing. This later proved to be a major contributing factor to their attitudes towards cannabis and a legalization of cannabis in Sweden. Using Festingers theory of cognitive dissonance, the analysis showed that it was a contributing factor to their attitudes. Based on Scheffs theory of the “deference-emotion system”, focusing on social bonds, shame and pride, the security and insecurity of informants influence their attitudes. The insufficient knowledge, security and insecurity together formed the foundation for young people's attitudes towards a possible legalization of cannabis in Sweden. Based on Mead, there were deficiencies in the role takeover when shaping their attitudes.
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Motoi, Gabriela. "The escalation of aggression in people as measured by the progression of insult severity." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3480.
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Research investigating the underlying causes and factors involved in violence and aggression has suggested there is a tendency for aggression to escalate as a means to justify prior aggression. In addition, past research has also examined the effect of perceived similarity towards the target of aggression on intensity and escalation of aggression. This study looked at the relationship between initial level of aggression and the escalation of aggression and at perceived similarity to the target of aggression as a possible factor influencing this escalation. Individuals engaging in severe initial aggression who experience higher perceived similarity to their targets of aggression should be more prone to justifying their actions and so might escalate more. To examine this, subjects could administer any of 10 levels of negative reinforcement (insults) to a learner for incorrect responses. Half of the subjects were required to practice this procedure with a mild and half with a severe insult. Results indicated that an effect of perceived similarity emerged, with individuals using less severe insults when perceived similarity to the learner was high. Contrary to predictions, high-perceived similarity to the learner stemmed escalation for participants insulting the learner with a severe insult initially. Moreover, participants who insulted with a mild insult initially escalated in their aggression when perceived similarity was high. In addition, an interaction effect of gender and perceived similarity was found, with men engaging in more severe subsequent aggression than women when perceived similarity to the target of aggression is high. The limitations, further directions, and implications of this study are discussed.
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Jacobs, Daiane Dordete Steckert. "Possível cartografia para um corpo vocal queer em performance." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/663.
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This thesis investigates relations between voice and gender within the context of actor training and creation in theater departing from the following question: how is it possible to destabilize the logocentric binarism of gender representation by means of the vocal body? The hypothesis argues that when vocal patterns are destabilized on stage, other patterns such as gender cultural representation through voice may also be destabilized. Having this question in mind, the methodology used in this research entails cartography and auto-ethnography with the purpose of mapping interdisciplinary clues that point to gendering, dissonances and queerizations of vocal bodies in performance. The term vocal body is used, foremost from Adriana Cavarero s philosophical thinking, referring to the psychophysical integrity between body and voice. In gender theories, the queer refers to the non fixation of sexual identities, the in-between places of gender dissonances. The searh for queering the vocal body during the creative process of the play Pequeno Manual de Inapropriações (Short Manual of Unappropriations) aimed to bring to life the hypothesis of this research.
Esta tese problematiza relações entre vocalidade e gênero no treinamento de atuantes e na criação atoral no teatro a partir da seguinte questão: como é possível desestabilizar o binarismo logocêntrico (homem versus mulher) da representação de gênero em cena através do corpo vocal? A hipótese é que ao desestabilizar padrões de vocalidade em cena seja possível também desestabilizar outros padrões, como a representação cultural de gênero através da vocalidade. Visando investigar esta questão, esta tese utiliza a cartografia e a autoetnografia como metodologias para mapear pistas interdisciplinares que apontam para engendramentos, dissonâncias e queerizações de corpos vocais em performance. Adota-se o termo corpo vocal, principalmente a partir da filósofa Adriana Cavarero, para se fazer referência à integridade psicofísica entre corpo e voz. Nas Teorias de Gênero, o queer diz respeito a não fixação de identidades sexuais, a entre-lugares dissonantes de gênero. A busca da queerização do corpo vocal no processo de criação da peça Pequeno Manual de Inapropriações visou corporificar a hipótese desta pesquisa.
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Luciano, Michael P. "The theology of Genesis 1:1-2:3 in the light of ancient Egyptian creation accounts." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p001-1143.
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Woodman, Christopher L. "Dissonance, development and doing the right thing : a theoretical exploration of altruistic action as an adaptive intervention : a project based upon an independent investigation /." View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/5947.
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Mannberg, Andréa. "Risk and Rationality : Effects of contextual risk and cognitive dissonance on (sexual) incentives." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-34116.
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Paper [I] theoretically analyzes how the level and uncertainty of future prospects affect incentives to abstain from sexual risk taking in the presence of HIV. The results suggest that, for individuals with limited access to HIV treatment, uncertainty of future health may be an important factor driving unsafe sex practices and support the empirical finding of a weak link between sexual behavior, HIV prevalence, and HIV knowledge in poor countries; therefore suggesting that AIDS policy needs to be calibrated in order to fit within different social contexts. Paper [II] empirically tests the link between uncertainty of future prospects and sexual risk taking in a group of young adults in Cape Town, South Africa. The findings indicate that expected income and health and future uncertainty are significant determinants of current patterns of sexual risk taking. However, the empirical results only provide limited support to a link between expected health and sexual risk taking. Paper [III] theoretically analyzes effects of affect and defensive denial on incentives to engage in sexual risk taking related to HIV. The results of the theoretical analysis suggest that the effect of rationalization of personal risk depends on the risk of being HIV positive. Although rationalization causes excessive risk taking behavior for individuals with a relatively low lifetime risk, it may prevent fatalism among individuals whose lifetime risk of HIV is perceived as overwhelming. Paper [IV] theoretically analyzes the role of identity conflict for the evolution of female labor supply over time. The results suggest the fear of becoming an outsider in society may have prevented a complete transition of women from housewives to breadwinners. In addition, our analysis shows that not recognizing that the weights attached to different social identities are endogenous may imply that the long-run effects on labor supply of a higher wage may be underestimated.