Journal articles on the topic 'Dissociation'
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Hatch, Justin D. "Dissociating Power and Racism: Stokely Carmichael at Berkeley." Journal for the History of Rhetoric 22, no. 3 (September 2019): 303–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.22.3.0303.
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ABSTRACT An analysis of Stokely Carmichael’s dissociation of “racism” attempted at UC Berkeley on October 29, 1966 extends the utility of Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s “dissociation of concepts” for those seeking racial justice. I offer a new term “subversive dissociations” to theorize the foundations of racist dominant narratives as what Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca call “linguistic common property.” This move reframes dissociative challenges to dominant narratives as attempts to counter other dissociations and thus makes available a set of tools outlined in The New Rhetoric for that purpose. Dissociation emerges as a dynamic anti-racist strategy.
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Freyd, Jennifer J. "Archiving Dissociation as a Precaution Against Dissociating Dissociation." Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 8, no. 3 (October 12, 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j229v08n03_01.
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Campbell, Malcolm C., Abigail Smakowski, Maya Rojas-Aguiluz, Laura H. Goldstein, Etzel Cardeña, Timothy R. Nicholson, Antje ATS Reinders, and Susannah Pick. "30 Dissociation and its biological and clinical correlates in functional neurological disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 93, no. 12 (November 14, 2022): e3.24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-bnpa.30.
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Objectives/AimsDissociation is a potential mechanism in FND. Although scientific studies report elevated rates of dissociative symptoms in FND, a systematic assessment of the biological and clinical correlates of dissociation in FND is lacking. We aimed to systematically review the current evidence describing dissociative symptoms and disorders in functional neurological disorder (FND), and additionally conduct a meta-analysis of dissociative symptom severity in FND. We also aimed to synthesise the existing data on biological and clinical correlates of dissociation in FND.MethodsWe systematically searched Embase, PsycINFO, and Medline, combining terms for FND and dissociation. Studies were eligible for inclusion if reporting on dissociative symptom scale scores or rates of dissociative disorder in FND samples. Studies were appraised for methodological quality using modified Newcastle-Ottawa criteria. Findings pertaining to dissociative symptoms or disorders, as well as biological and clinical correlates of dissociation in FND samples, were synthesised qualitatively. Dissociative symptom scores were included in a meta-analysis using random and mixed effects models.ResultsTwo-thousand and eighty-eight records were screened and seventy-nine studies were included in the final review. Dissociative symptoms were elevated in FND. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant elevation in dissociation in FND samples relative to neurological and healthy controls, but not psychiatric controls. Dissociative disorders were frequently co-morbid in FND samples. Psychoform (cognitive) dissociation was more prominent in FND-seizures, whereas somatoform (physical) dissociation tended to be more prominent in FND-motor symptom samples. Dissociation was associated with FND symptom severity or frequency, general psychopathology, and reduced quality of life. Biological correlates of elevated dissociation included structural and functional brain alterations in regions that have previously been implicated in FND, such as the anterior cingulate cortex.ConclusionsDissociative symptoms and disorders are common in FND, and different FND subgroups appear to endorse varying degrees of psychoform or somatoform dissociation. Presence of dissociative symptoms in FND is associated with adverse clinical features; there is therefore a clinical need to assess patients with FND for dissociative symptomatology and to address these symptoms during treatment. Future research should examine dissociation further in different FND subgroups, using measures that distinguish between different types of dissociation, alongside measures of underlying pathophysiology.
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Schmidtová, Jana, Petr Štěpánek, and Ivo Čermák. "The impact of childhood trauma on the emergence and development of dissociative disorders." Ceskoslovenska psychologie 65, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 178–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.65.2.178.
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Dissociative experiences are common both in children and adults. Their frequency and severity range from normal dissociation to pathological fragmentation of identity. High rates of dissociation and Dissociative Disorders have been documented in both community and clinical samples. Trauma, especially chronic trauma, plays an essential role in the development and long-term presence of dissociative symptoms. During overwhelming and often traumatic experiences dissociation protects the individual by psychological detachment from the unbearable reality. Chronic dissociative experiences might cause severe disintegration of the individual’s mental experience. The Trauma Model suggests that dissociation is a psychobiological response which enables survival during and after the traumatic event. The Developmental Model is based on an assumption that disturbed attachment, especially early interpersonal trauma, might lead to the development of severe dissociation in children and adolescents, often lasting into adulthood. Diagnostic systems include three diagnoses that deal with the specific relationship between trauma and dissociation. Two of these diagnoses have been recognized recently - Complex PTSD (ICD-11) and the Dissociative Subtype of PTSD (DSM-5); one has already been established - the Dissociative Identity Disorder. Patients with Dissociative Disorders suffer from a range of symptoms. The most severe symptoms include chronic suicidal ideation and frequent suicide attempts. Therefore, researchers and clinicians should routinely assess dissociation in their everyday practice. In patients with Dissociative Disorders, the main treatment goal is the integration of their mental experience.
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Lynn, Steven Jay, Scott O. Lilienfeld, Harald Merckelbach, Timo Giesbrecht, and Dalena van der Kloet. "Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders." Current Directions in Psychological Science 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721411429457.
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Nijenhuis, Ellert R. S., Richard van Dyck, Philip Spinhoven, Onno van der Hart, Marlene Chatrou, Johan Vanderlinden, and Franny Moene. "Somatoform Dissociation Discriminates Among Diagnostic Categories Over and Above General Psychopathology." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 4 (August 1999): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.00601.x.
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Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that somatoform dissociation would differentiate among specific diagnostic categories after controlling for general psychopathology. Method: The Somatoform Dissocation Questionnaire (SDQ-20), the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Symptom Checklist-90-R were completed by patients with DSM-IV diagnoses of dissociative disorders (n = 44), somatoform disorders (n = 47), eating disorders (n = 50), bipolar mood disorder (n = 23), and a group of consecutive psychiatric outpatients with other psychiatric disorders (n = 45), mainly including anxiety disorders, depression, and adjustment disorder. Results: The SDQ-20 significantly differentiated among diagnostic groups in the hypothesised order of increasing somatoform dissociation, both before and after statistically controlling for general psychopathology. Somatoform dissociation was extreme in dissociative identity disorder, high in dissociative disorder, not otherwise specified, and increased in somatoform disorders, as well as in a subgroup of patients with eating disorders. In contrast with somatoform dissociation, psychological dissociation did not discriminate between bipolar mood disorder and somato form disorders. Conclusions: Somatoform dissociation is a unique construct that discriminates among diagnostic categories. It is highly characteristic of dissociative disorder patients, a core feature in many patients with somatoform disorders, and an important symptom cluster in a subgroup of patients with eating disorders., dissociation
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Anglin, Deidre M., Adriana Espinosa, Bassem Barada, Rona Tarazi, Ashley Feng, Rachel Tayler, Neil M. Allicock, and Supriya Pandit. "Comparing the Role of Aberrant Salience and Dissociation in the Relation between Cumulative Traumatic Life Events and Psychotic-Like Experiences in a Multi-Ethnic Sample." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081223.
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Exposure to traumatic life events (TLE) is a risk factor for psychosis. Yet, a dearth of studies examines factors linking TLE to psychosis, while considering differences in TLE frequency. This study investigated dissociation and aberrant salience as mediators and moderators of the relation between three TLE groups (none, 1–3 TLE and 4+ TLE) and psychotic-like experiences (PLE) in a multi-ethnic sample of 816 emerging adults. The participants completed self-report inventories of PLE (Prodromal Questionnaire), TLE (Life Events Checklist), dissociative experiences (Dissociative Symptoms Scale), and aberrant salience (Aberrant Salience Inventory). As expected, groups with higher TLE frequency endorsed higher PLE. Parallel mediation models indicated that, while aberrant salience mediated the relation between both levels of cumulative traumatic experiences (1–3 TLE and 4+ TLE) and PLE, dissociation only mediated the relation between exposure to at least four different traumatic experiences and PLE. The moderation results showed that risk of PLE was highest among individuals with 1–3 TLE who endorsed dissociation. Our results suggest that, while aberrant salience processing explains why TLE may relate to higher psychosis risk, dissociation’s role in this relation is dependent on the number of different TLE exposures.
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Gitlin, Jacob, Shubham Chamadia, Joseph J. Locascio, Breanna R. Ethridge, Juan C. Pedemonte, Eunice Y. Hahm, Reine Ibala, et al. "Dissociative and Analgesic Properties of Ketamine Are Independent." Anesthesiology 133, no. 5 (September 8, 2020): 1021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003529.
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Background Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic with analgesic properties. Ketamine’s analgesic properties have been suggested to result from its dissociative properties. To the authors’ knowledge, this postulate is unsubstantiated. The authors hypothesize that the dissociative and analgesic properties of ketamine are independent. Methods The authors conducted a single-site, open-label study of ketamine anesthesia (2 mg/kg) in 15 healthy subjects. Midazolam was administered at a prespecified time point to attenuate dissociation. The authors longitudinally assessed precalibrated cuff pain intensity and quality using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System questionnaires, and dissociation, using the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale. Mixed effects models were used to assess whether dissociation accounted for the effect of ketamine on pain intensity and quality. Results The dissociation model demonstrated an inverted U-shaped quadratic relationship between time and dissociation scores. Additive to this effect, midazolam reduced the dissociation adjusted means by 10.3 points (95% CI, 3.4 to 17.1; P = 0.005). The pain intensity model also demonstrated a U-shaped quadratic relationship between time and pain intensity. When the pain intensity model was reanalyzed with dissociation scores as an additional covariate, the dissociation term was not retained in the model, and the other effects were preserved in direction and strength. This result was conserved for nociceptive and neuropathic pain quality. Conclusions Ketamine’s analgesic properties are not exclusively caused by dissociation. Thus, ketamine may be used as a probe to advance our knowledge of dissociation independent neural circuits that encode pain. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New
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Diamond, Michael J. "Return of the Repressed: Revisiting Dissociation and the Psychoanalysis of the Traumatized Mind." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 68, no. 5 (October 2020): 839–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065120964929.
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Psychoanalytic treatment is often indicated when trauma and its psyche/soma companion, dissociation, severely disrupt symbolic functioning and associative linking. After Freud’s initial thinking on these matters, repression replaced rather than supplemented dissociation (which occasions segregating units of experience) as the primary defensive response to severe trauma. Because psychoanalysis had “repressed” the salience of dissociation as actively motivated (though passively experienced), an unnecessary schism has occurred between trauma theories and mainstream North American psychoanalysis, and within psychoanalysis itself. To fully restore dissociation’s role in primitive mental states and provide a more integrated approach to technique, it is necessary to comprehend the triadic nature of trauma, which entails economic/drive, structural conflict and deficit, and object-relational factors. For a treatment model that addresses defensive dissociation in the here and now, primary and secondary dissociation must be distinguished, with each differentiated from splitting and repression. Technique requires addressing unconscious, repressed fantasies associated with the “trauma,” object-relational patterns that interfere with linking, and psycho-economic issues that have disrupted ego functioning. A clinical example illustrates both the analyst’s persistence in suffering the dead, eerie space of dissociated trauma and efforts to find language that helps structure the patient’s somatic and enacted expressions (and accompanying dissociative and repressive processes) by which traumatic experiences are registered and conveyed.
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Monahan, Rory C., Anne ME Blonk, Esther Baptist, Huub AM Middelkoop, Margreet Kloppenburg, Tom WJ Huizinga, Nic J. van der Wee, and Gerda M. Steup-Beekman. "Dissociation in SLE: A part of lupus fog?" Lupus 30, no. 13 (October 29, 2021): 2151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09612033211050347.
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Introduction Lupus fog is ill-defined. We aimed to study whether lupus fog is the result of dissociation by studying the prevalence of dissociation and dissociative fog in patients with SLE and neuropsychiatric manifestations of inflammatory and non-inflammatory origin. Methods Patients visiting the tertiary referral center for neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) of the LUMC between 2007–2019 were included. Patients were classified as having neuropsychiatric symptoms of inflammatory or non-inflammatory origin. Dissociation was studied using the Dissociative Experience Scale-II (DES), in which the presence of 28 dissociative symptoms is rated (0–100% of the time), of which one question assesses the presence of a dissociative fog directly. Average scores are calculated and scores ≥ 25 are considered indicative of a dissociative disorder. A score of ≥ 30 on question 28 (dissociative fog) was considered indicative for the presence of a fog. Summary scores in the general adult population range from 4.4 to 14. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) was performed to study the association between inflammatory neuropsychiatric symptoms and dissociation. DES results are presented as median (range) and MRA as B and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results DES questionnaires were available for 337 patients, of which 69 had an inflammatory NPSLE phenotype (20%). Mean age in the total study population was 43 ± 14 years and the majority was female (87%). The median dissociation score was 7.1 (0–75) and did not differ between patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms of inflammatory or non-inflammatory origin (B: −0.04 (95% CI: −0.17; 0.09)). 35 patients (10%) had a score indicative of a dissociative disorder. The most common type of dissociation was absorption/imagination. 43 patients (13%) reported a dissociative fog. Discussion In most patients with SLE and neuropsychiatric symptoms, dissociative symptoms are within normal range, regardless of underlying etiology. Dissociative fog is present, but uncommon. Lupus fog is most likely not associated with dissociation.
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Jedlecka, Wioletta. "Pojęcie „dysocjacji” – zagadnienia podstawowe." Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna 3, no. 2 (July 14, 2018): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fped.2014.3.2.18.
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In this article I present the notion the dissociation. The dissociation is connected with personality disorders and with the trauma. Experience a strong trauma is nature of dissociative disorders. The dissociation can have different manifestations, e.g. the amnesia, the confusion or the exchange of the personality. Dissociative disorders are not only the domain of the so-called pediatric pathology. Dissociation is also a mechanism activated during invasive medical procedures that the experience can touch every family.
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Iskanderova, Rinata, and Valeriy V. Vasilyev. "Dissociation in Patients with Non-Psychotic Mental Disorders." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 14, no. 2 (2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2021.0201.
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Background. Dissociation is a generally recognized phenomenon in psychology and psychiatry; however, questions are still not fully resolved about the di!erence between pathological and normal dissociation, as well as the role of dissociation, depending on its aetiology, in the formation of clinical manifestations of mental disorders. Objective. To complement the existing data about the signi"cance of dissociation in non-psychotic mental disorders. Design. Using the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), we screened 62 patients (13 male and 49 female) from the Non-Psychotic Conditions Inpatient Department of the Udmurt Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital (Izhevsk, Russia). Nineteen of the patients had mental disorders of organic aetiology and 43 patients had mental disorders of psychogenic aetiology. Results. Dissociation at the pathological level was detected in 12.9% of the patients, all of them female. Among patients with psychogenic disorders, the proportion of patients with pathological dissociation was more than three times that of patients with organic disorders. Among the particular dissociative phenomena, absorption had the highest average severity, both in the general sample and in each aetiological group of patients, while dissociative amnesia had the lowest average severity. #e highest levels of dissociation were found in young female patients who had never been married. In patients with psychogenic disorders, the average dissociation severity was signi"cantly higher than in the general population, while in patients with organic disorders it was signi"cantly lower. Conclusion. #e dissociation phenomenon may play a signi"cant symptomforming role in young women su!ering from non-psychotic mental disorders of psychogenic aetiology. In the case of organic mental disorders, the severity of dissociative manifestations decreases even below the conditionally normal level, which may indirectly indicate the destruction of dissociative physiological mechanisms by an organic brain process.
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Santo, Helena Maria Amaral do Espirito, and José Luís Pio-Abreu. "Dissociative disorders and other psychopathological groups: exploring the differences through the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20)." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 29, no. 4 (May 8, 2007): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462006005000039.
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OBJECTIVE: The Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire is a self-report questionnaire that has proven to be a reliable and valid instrument. The objectives of this study were to validate the Portuguese version and to determine its capability to distinguish patients with dissociative disorders from others with psychopathological disorders. METHOD: 234 patients answered the translated version of Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire. The Portuguese Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule was used to validate clinical diagnosis. Patients with dissociative disorder (n = 113) were compared to a control group of 121 patients with various anxiety and depression disorders. RESULTS: Reliability measured by Cronbach's a was 0.88. The best performance of the Portuguese form was at a cut-off point of 35, which distinguishes between dissociative disorder and neurotic disorders with a good diagnostic efficacy (sensitivity = 0.73). The somatoform dissociation was significantly more frequent in dissociative disorder patients, conversion disorder patients and post-traumatic stress disorder patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that dissociative disorders can be differentiated from other psychiatric disorders through somatoform dissociation. The Portuguese version of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire has fine psychometric features that sustain its cross-cultural validity.
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Pick, S., J. D. C. Mellers, and L. H. Goldstein. "Dissociation in patients with dissociative seizures: relationships with trauma and seizure symptoms." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 7 (January 9, 2017): 1215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716003093.
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BackgroundThis study aimed to extend the current understanding of dissociative symptoms experienced by patients with dissociative (psychogenic, non-epileptic) seizures (DS), including psychological and somatoform types of symptomatology. An additional aim was to assess possible relationships between dissociation, traumatic experiences, post-traumatic symptoms and seizure manifestations in this group.MethodA total of 40 patients with DS were compared with a healthy control group (n = 43), matched on relevant demographic characteristics. Participants completed several self-report questionnaires, including the Multiscale Dissociation Inventory (MDI), Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire-20, Traumatic Experiences Checklist and the Post-Traumatic Diagnostic Scale. Measures of seizure symptoms and current emotional distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were also administered.ResultsThe clinical group reported significantly more psychological and somatoform dissociative symptoms, trauma, perceived impact of trauma, and post-traumatic symptoms than controls. Some dissociative symptoms (i.e. MDI disengagement, MDI depersonalization, MDI derealization, MDI memory disturbance, and somatoform dissociation scores) were elevated even after controlling for emotional distress; MDI depersonalization scores correlated positively with trauma scores while seizure symptoms correlated with MDI depersonalization, derealization and identity dissociation scores. Exploratory analyses indicated that somatoform dissociation specifically mediated the relationship between reported sexual abuse and DS diagnosis, along with depressive symptoms.ConclusionsA range of psychological and somatoform dissociative symptoms, traumatic experiences and post-traumatic symptoms are elevated in patients with DS relative to healthy controls, and seem related to seizure manifestations. Further studies are needed to explore peri-ictal dissociative experiences in more detail.
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Moskowitz, Andrew. "How can dissociation help us to understand violent behaviour?" MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 1 (March 2010): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2010-001002.
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The connection between dissociative experiences and violent behaviour, while well established in literature, has been ignored in criminological and public policy debates. Throughout the Western world, homicides are regularly reported by the media in which friends or family members express astonishment, insisting the accused to be "incapable" of such behaviour because he was "a nice guy", "a good friend", etc. Many people continue to believe that a person's public behaviour is consistent with what they are like in private, which ignores the reality of dissociation. This paper will attempt to correct this perception by discussing several ways in which dissociation and violence may be linked. Following a brief overview of dissociation and the Dissociative Experiences Scale, evidence will be presented to suggest that dissociation may mediate the so-called intergenerational "cycle of violence". I will then consider the prevalence and significance of ongoing dissociative experiences reported by prisoners and offenders, dissociative experiences occurring at the time of a violent offence, and reported levels of amnesia subsequent to homicides. Finally, I will discuss a proposed type of homicide offender, known as "over-controlled hostile" - a person with no history of aggression and significant difficulties with assertiveness - which could be considered to be dissociative in nature. Key words: dissociative experiences, violence, amnesia, peri-traumatic dissociation, homicide
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Feltner, D. E., and W. A. Marasco. "Regulation of formyl peptide receptor binding to rabbit neutrophil plasma membranes. Use of monovalent cations, guanine nucleotides, and bacterial toxins to discriminate among different states of the receptor." Journal of Immunology 142, no. 11 (June 1, 1989): 3963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.142.11.3963.
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Abstract The regulation by monovalent cations, guanine nucleotides, and bacterial toxins of [3H]FMLP binding to rabbit neutrophil plasma membranes was studied by using dissociation techniques to identify regulatory effects on separate receptor states. Under conditions of low receptor occupancy (1 nM [3H]FMLP) and in both Na+ and K+ buffers, dissociation is heterogenous, displaying two distinct, statistically significant off rates. [3H]FMLP binding was enhanced by substituting other monovalent cations for Na+. In particular, enhanced binding in the presence of K+ relative to Na+ was caused by additional binding to both rapidly and slowly dissociating receptors. Three receptor dissociation rates, two of which appear to correspond to the two affinity states detected in equilibrium binding studies, were defined by specific GTP and pertussis toxin (PT) treatments. Neither GTP, nor PT or cholera toxins (CT) had an effect on the rate of dissociation of [3H]FMLP from the rapidly dissociating form of the receptor. Both 100 microM GTP and PT treatments increased the percentage of rapidly dissociating receptors, correspondingly decreasing the percentage of slowly dissociating receptors. The observed changes in the rapidly and slowly dissociating receptors after GTP, PT, and CT treatments were caused by an absolute decrease in the amount of binding to the slowly dissociating receptors. However, complete inhibition of slowly dissociating receptor binding by GTP, PT, or both was never observed. Both GTP and PT treatments, but not CT treatment, increased by two-fold the rate of dissociation of 1 nM [3H]FMLP from the slowly dissociating form of the receptor, resulting in a third dissociation rate. Thus, slowly dissociating receptors comprise two different receptor states, a G protein-associated guanine nucleotide and PT-sensitive state and a guanine nucleotide-insensitive state.
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Sreenivasa, Vyjayanthi, and Prashanth Mayur. "Dissociation of identity following left parietal haematoma – a single case report." Australasian Psychiatry 27, no. 5 (April 16, 2019): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219839480.
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Objectives: Dissociative identity disorder in relation to brain injury has only rarely been reported in literature. This case report, which illustrates a de novo onset of dissociative identity for the first time in an elderly man who had a left parietal haematoma, adds to this scant literature base and supports an integrative view of bridging the dichotomy between organic and functional to explain complex psychiatric phenomena. Methods: It is a single case report collected through serial semi-structured interviews of the patient and his family over a 12-week period. Results: The patient was an elderly man transiently dissociated into various identities, some of whom seemed to be based upon individuals who had traumatized him in the past. This occurred three weeks after recovery from hemiparesis and delirium following a left parietal haematoma. The dissociations ended after six weeks, which coincided not only with the resolution of the haematoma but also with a faith-healing ritual. A speculative psychobiological formulation was drawn of possible brain origins of dissociation of identity. Conclusions: This report is a compelling account of temporal correlation between dissociation of identity and left parietal haematoma.
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Kani, Kimia Khalatbari, and Felix S. Chew. "Scapulothoracic dissociation." British Journal of Radiology 92, no. 1101 (September 2019): 20190090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190090.
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Scapulothoracic dissociation is a rare and potentially limb- and life-threatening injury, that results from high-energy trauma. Scapulothoracic dissociation has the potential to be overlooked in the acute setting, especially in the setting of polytrauma. Therefore, a careful search for this condition should be performed in all patients with high-energy shoulder girdle injuries. The goals of this article are to review the anatomy of the scapulothoracic articulation as well as the spectrum, imaging evaluation, differential diagnosis and management of scapulothoracic dissociations.
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Pozza, A., N. Giaquinta, and D. Dèttore. "Exploring the Role of Dissociation Dimensions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1826.
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IntroductionIn the last decade, accumulating evidence has been produced on the role of dissociation in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Understanding which dissociation dimensions are specific to OCD could suggest the integration of therapeutic strategies for dissociation in the treatment of patients with OCD.ObjectivesThe current study explored the role of dissociation in a sample of patients with OCD, patients with anxiety disorders and healthy controls with the aim to understand which dissociation dimensions could be specific to OCD.MethodOne hundred seventy-one participants were included in the study (56% females, mean age = 35.96, SD = 12.61), of which 52 were patients with primary OCD, 59 were patients with Anxiety Disorders (AD), and 60 were healthy controls. The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) were administered.ResultsPatients with OCD had significantly higher dissociative amnesia symptoms than patients with AD and health controls (F = 6.08, P < 0.01) and higher depersonalization/derealization symptoms than healthy controls but not than patients with AD. Patients with OCD did not report significantly higher dissociative absorption than healthy controls and patients with AD.ConclusionsStrategies targeting dissociative amnesia and depersonalization/derealization symptoms in OCD are discussed. Future studies should examine which OCD subtypes are more strongly associated to dissociation dimensions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Hussain, Ershad. "Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in an Adolescent with Mixed-Dissociative Disorder: A Case Study." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2023 (February 14, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1356682.
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Dissociation is a psychopathological condition with a range of alterations or changes in the normally integrated mental functions such as identity, consciousness, or memory and can manifest in various types such as depersonalization, trance states, derealisation, dissociative amnesia, and dissociative identity disorder (Waller et al., 1996). From an etiological perspective, past experience of trauma plays a major role as a precipitating factor in dissociation, wherein dissociation is conceptualized as a reaction to trauma as a way to distance oneself from the traumatic situation and events related to it (Lanius et al., 2015). Initially understood as a coping mechanism, the persistent manifestation of dissociation hinders the overall psychological functioning and interferes with the daily activities of the individual. Therefore, the focus of the various treatment modalities of dissociative disorders is mostly focused on enhancing the coping skills of the patient. The current case study demonstrates the manifestation of dissociation in a 16 years old adolescent with a history of trauma. Furthermore, it documents the efficacy of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Statistical Manual of Mental (Cohen et al., 2017).
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OGAWA, JOHN R., L. ALAN SROUFE, NANCY S. WEINFIELD, ELIZABETH A. CARLSON, and BYRON EGELAND. "Development and the fragmented self: Longitudinal study of dissociative symptomatology in a nonclinical sample." Development and Psychopathology 9, no. 4 (December 1997): 855–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579497001478.
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Dissociative behaviors and their relation to both the self and self-organization were examined using the developmental psychopathology perspective in a prospective longitudinal study of high-risk children. Participants were 168 young adults (n = 79 females, n = 89 males, age = 18–19 years) considered high-risk for poor developmental outcomes at birth due to poverty. The present study investigated whether trauma, sense of self, quality of early mother–child relationship, temperament, and intelligence were related to dissociative symptomatology measured at four times across 19 years. Findings were (a) age of onset, chronicity and severity of trauma were highly correlated and predicted level of dissociation; (b) both the avoidant and disorganized patterns of attachment were strong predictors of dissociation; (c) dissociation in childhood may be a more normative response to disruption and stress, while dissociation in adolescence and young adulthood may be more indicative of psychopathology; (d) preliminary support was found for a model proposed by G. Liotti that links disorganized attachment, later trauma, and dissociation in adulthood; and (e) strong support was found for N. Waller, F. W. Putnam, and E. B. Carlson's contention that psychopathological dissociation should not be viewed as the top end of a continuum of dissociative symptomatology, but as a separate taxon that represents an extreme deviation from normal development.
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Romero-López, Modesto J. "Una revisión de los trastornos disociativos; de la personalidad múltiple al estrés postraumático." Anales de Psicología 32, no. 2 (April 3, 2016): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.2.218301.
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In this paper we review the idea of dissociation, dissociative disorders and their relationship with the processes of consciousness. We will deal specifically with multiple personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Both polarize the discussion of diagnostic categories with dissociative symptoms. This review compares the initial ideas (one century old) with the current scenario and emerging trends in research, which are relating cognitive processes and dissociative phenomena and disorders from a neuroscientific approach. We discuss the ideas on dissociation, hypnosis and suicide associated with these disorders. There seems to be a lack of consensus as to the nature of dissociation with theoretical, empirical and clinical implications.
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Hobbs, Sarah Jane, John E. A. Bertram, and Hilary M. Clayton. "An exploration of the influence of diagonal dissociation and moderate changes in speed on locomotor parameters in trotting horses." PeerJ 4 (June 30, 2016): e2190. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2190.
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Background.Although the trot is described as a diagonal gait, contacts of the diagonal pairs of hooves are not usually perfectly synchronized. Although subtle, the timing dissociation between contacts of each diagonal pair could have consequences on gait dynamics and provide insight into the functional strategies employed. This study explores the mechanical effects of different diagonal dissociation patterns when speed was matched between individuals and how these effects link to moderate, natural changes in trotting speed. We anticipate that hind-first diagonal dissociation at contact increases with speed, diagonal dissociation at contact can reduce collision-based energy losses and predominant dissociation patterns will be evident within individuals.Methods.The study was performed in two parts: in the first 17 horses performed speed-matched trotting trials and in the second, five horses each performed 10 trotting trials that represented a range of individually preferred speeds. Standard motion capture provided kinematic data that were synchronized with ground reaction force (GRF) data from a series of force plates. The data were analyzed further to determine temporal, speed, GRF, postural, mass distribution, moment, and collision dynamics parameters.Results.Fore-first, synchronous, and hind-first dissociations were found in horses trotting at (3.3 m/s ± 10%). In these speed-matched trials, mean centre of pressure (COP) cranio-caudal location differed significantly between the three dissociation categories. The COP moved systematically and significantly (P= .001) from being more caudally located in hind-first dissociation (mean location = 0.41 ± 0.04) through synchronous (0.36 ± 0.02) to a more cranial location in fore-first dissociation (0.32 ± 0.02). Dissociation patterns were found to influence function, posture, and balance parameters. Over a moderate speed range, peak vertical forelimb GRF had a strong relationship with dissociation time (R= .594;P< .01) and speed (R= .789;P< .01), but peak vertical hindlimb GRF did not have a significant relationship with dissociation time (R= .085;P> 0.05) or speed (R= .223;P= .023).Discussion.The results indicate that at moderate speeds individual horses use dissociation patterns that allow them to maintain trunk pitch stability through management of the cranio-caudal location of the COP. During the hoof-ground collisions, reduced mechanical energy losses were found in hind-first dissociations compared to fully synchronous contacts. As speed increased, only forelimb vertical peak force increased so dissociations tended towards hind-first, which shifted the net COP caudally and balanced trunk pitching moments.
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Monahan, R., A. Blonk, H. Middelkoop, M. Kloppenburg, T. Huizinga, N. Van der Wee, and G. M. Steup-Beekman. "POS0709 LUPUS FOG IS NOT DISSOCIATIVE FOG." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 604.1–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.424.
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Background:The presence of a ‘fog’ is frequently reported by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, little is known about this lupus fog: it is thought to be a result of cognitive dysfunction, but fogs can also be the result of dissociation. The Dissociative Experience Scale-II (DES) is a standardized tool to study dissociation. In the general adult population, scores range from 4.4-14.1-3Objectives:We aimed to study the prevalence of dissociative symptoms including dissociative fog in patients with SLE and neuropsychiatric symptoms.Methods:Patients visiting the tertiary referral center for neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) of the LUMC between 2007-2019 were included. All patients underwent a standardized multidisciplinary assessment. Patients were classified as NPSLE if neuropsychiatric symptoms were attributed to SLE and immunosuppressive or anticoagulant therapy was initiated, otherwise patients were classified as minor/non-NPSLE. Dissociation was studied using the DES. The DES separates different types of dissociative symptoms: amnesia, absorption/imagination and derealization/depersonalization. It also contains one question regarding evaluating the presence of a dissociative fog: “Some people sometimes feel as if they are looking at the world through a fog, so that people and objects appear far away or unclear”. All statements (n = 28) regarding dissociative symptoms are rated from ‘none of the time’ to ‘all of the time’ (0-100%); scores >25 are considered abnormal. A multiple regression analysis (MRA) were performed to compare dissociation in patients with and without NPSLE. DES results are presented as median (range) and MRA as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results:DES questionnaires were available for 337 patients, of which 97 had the diagnosis NPSLE (29%). Mean age in patients with NPSLE was 41 ± 13 years and 84% was female. In minor/non-NPSLE, median age was 44 ± 14 years and 87% was female.Median dissociation was 7 (0-75) and did not differ between patients with minor/non-NPSLE and NPSLE (OR: 1.0 (95% CI: -0.9; 1.1)). The most common type of dissociation was absorption/imagination (median: 12, range 0-75) and depersonalization/derealization was infrequent (median: 1, range 0-84). 43 patients (13%) had an abnormal score (>25) on the dissociative fog question.Conclusion:Dissociative symptoms are within normal range in patients with SLE and neuropsychiatric symptoms, regardless of underlying etiology. Dissociative fog seems uncommon and therefore lupus fog is most likely not the result of dissociation.References:[1]Bernstein EM and Putnam FW. Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale. J Nerv Ment Dis 1986; 174: 727-735. 1986/12/01. DOI: 10.1097/00005053-198612000-00004.[2]Maaranen P, Tanskanen A, Honkalampi K, et al. Factors associated with pathological dissociation in the general population. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2005; 39: 387-394. 2005/04/30. DOI: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01586.x.[3]van IJzendoorn MH and Schuengel C. The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: Meta-analytic validation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Clinical Psychology Review 1996; 16: 365-382. DOI: 10.1016/0272-7358(96)00006-2.Table 1.Presence of dissociation in patients with SLE and neuropsychiatric symptomsTotal cohort(n = 337)Minor/non-NPSLE(n = 240)NPSLE(n = 97)DES (median, range)Total questionnaire7 (0 - 75)8 (0 - 66)6 (0 – 75)Amnesia5 (0 - 76)5 (0 - 68)4 (0 - 76)Absorption/imagination12 (0 – 75)13 (0 – 75)10 (0 – 73)Depersonalization/derealization1 (0 – 84)1 (0 – 73)1 (0 – 84)Dissociative fog* 0 (0-100)0 (0-100)0 (0-100)DES = Dissociative Experience Scale NPSLE = neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.*Dissociative fog is question 28 of the DES-IIDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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Maaranen, Päivi, Antti Tanskanen, Kirsi Honkalampi, Kaisa Haatainen, Jukka Hintikka, and Heimo Viinamäki. "Factors Associated with Pathological Dissociation in the General Population." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 5 (May 2005): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01586.x.
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Objective: This study assessed the prevalence of pathological dissociation in the general population, and the relationship between pathological dissociation and sociodemographic and several psychiatric variables. Method: The stratified population sample consisted of 2001 subjects. The study questionnaires included the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Dissociative Experiences Scale-Taxon, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and sociodemographic background. Results: The prevalence of pathological dissociation (DES-T ≥ 20) was 3.4% in the general population and did not differ significantly between genders. Men scored higher than women in the amnesia subscale, and women in the absorption and imaginative involvement subscale. The relationship between pathological dissociation, alexithymia, depression and suicidality was strong. The likelihood of pathological dissociation was nearly nine-fold higher among depressive subjects, more than seven-fold higher among alexithymic subjects, and more than four-fold higher among suicidal subjects than among the others. Frequent alcohol consumption also associated significantly with pathological dissociation. Conclusions: A significant relationship between pathological dissociation, depression, alexithymia, and suicidality was found in the general population. The importance of these factors should be examined in a prospective study design to determine causality.
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Nixon, Reginald D. V., and Richard A. Bryant. "Dissociation in Acute Stress Disorder After a Hyperventilation Provocation Test." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, no. 3 (April 26, 2006): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465806002931.
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This study investigated the relationship of hyperarousal and dissociation in acute stress disorder (ASD). Civilian trauma survivors with ASD (n = 17) and without ASD (n = 15) and non-traumatized controls (n = 14) completed a hyperventilation provocation test and were administered the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire, the Physical Reactions Scale, and the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire. Individuals with ASD demonstrated more panic, dissociation, and maladaptive interpretations about their arousal during the hyperventilation than non-ASD or control participants. Dissociation was associated with anxiety sensitivity and peritraumatic panic attacks. These findings suggest that hyperarousal and dissociation are highly associated in ASD and that catastrophic attributions may play a mediating role in this relationship.
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Prasko, J., M. Raszka, and P. Pastucha. "Dissociative Disorders - Clinical Manifestation and Management." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70376-1.
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Dissociative disorders are heterogeneous group of mental disorders with dissociation as dominant symptoms. Dissociation is often defined as partial or total disconnection between memories of the past, awareness of identity and of immediate sensations, and control of bodily movements, often resulting from traumatic experiences, intolerable problems, or disturbed relationships. Etiopatogenezis of dissociative disorders have not exactly known yet. The process of dissociation is independently associated with several distressing conditions such as psychiatric diagnoses, somatization, current psychological distress, and past sexual and physical victimization. The disturbance may have a sudden or gradual onset and may be temporary or chronic in its course. Dissociation has a negative impact on treatment oucome. Additionaly, dissociative patients may have an insecure attachment pattern negatively affecting the therapeutic relationship. Conceptually, the course of treatment is to improve coping, maintain reality, and establish normal integrative functions. Goals:1.improve thought processes;2.maintain a sense of reality;3.improve coping skills;4.develop stress management abilities;5.increase identity integration.The treatment is possible with psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy or both. We will introduce the CBT approach. Participants will learn:•pharmacological possibilities in the treatment of dissociative disorders;•CBT model of dissociative disorders;•motivational interviewing with dissociative patient;•how to develope therapeutic relationship with dissociative patient;•conceptualization of dissociative disorder with the patient;•Socratic questioning;•working with cognitive, emotional and behavioral avoidance;•exposure technique with dissociative problems;•problem solving.Supported by the research project IGA NR 9323-3.
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Kolozsvári, László Róbert, Viktor Rekenyi, Szabolcs Garbóczy, Ágnes Hőgye-Nagy, Anita Szemán-Nagy, Mohamed Sayed-Ahmad, and Katalin Héjja-Nagy. "Effects of Health Anxiety, Social Support, and Coping on Dissociation with Mediating Role of Perceived Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 5491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085491.
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Background: Our study aimed to examine whether health anxiety, social support, and ways of coping relate to dissociation directly or only through the mediation of perceived stress, moderated by the time of measurement (lockdown). We investigated the effect of perceived stress on different forms (sub-scales) of dissociation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by an online form at two points in time: the beginning and the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: We received a total of 1711 responses. Perceived stress moderately correlated with dissociation in both international and Hungarian samples. Health anxiety showed a strong direct and indirect correlation with dissociation. Regarding social support, the support of family significantly decreased the dissociative experiences in the Hungarian sample mediated by perceived and direct stress. In the international sample, goal-oriented coping strategies strongly decreased all dissociation scales in the first measurement, through the mediation of perceived stress. As for the Hungarian sample, positive thinking was found to decrease dissociation by decreasing perceived stress. Conclusion: health anxiety, coping, and social support appeared to influence dissociation directly and through the mediation of perceived stress. Social support, mainly support of the family and problem-focused coping strategies may decrease the level of stress, this way decreasing dissociative behavior.
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Rădulescu, Ionuț Dragoș, Alexandru Bogdan Ciubara, Codrina Moraru, Stefan Lucian Burlea, and Anamaria Ciubară. "Evaluating the Impact of Dissociation in Psychiatric Disorders." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 11, no. 3sup1 (2020): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.3sup1/132.
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Introduction: Dissociative symptoms are present in a various number of psychiatric disorders and are viewed as a major risk factor for suicidal and self-destructive behavior. Dissociation is defined in DSM-5 as a “disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior”. Assessing dissociation within different categories of mental disorders can be used to predict symptom severity and nonresponse to psychotherapeutic treatments. The most important tool in this process is the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). The purpose of the current study is to extend the understanding of dissociation in Psychiatric Disorders. Material and methods: The current study used PubMed and Cochrane databases to identify relevant articles that refer to the subject of dissociation in Psychiatric Disorders. Results and Discussions: Dissociation and dissociative disorders have been at the root of continuous controversy in psychiatric and psychology communities. The general confusion comes from the reduced conceptual distinction between dissociation as a symptom, process, deficit and psychological defense. At the high end of the DES score we find dissociative disorders, but closely followed by posttraumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder and conversion disorder with eating disorders, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders at midrange and the lowest scoring DES psychiatric disorder is found in bipolar disorders. Early intervention, based on these scores, show major improvement in maladaptive functionality, suicidal and self-destructive behavior, coupled with a reduction in total treatment cost. Conclusions: There is a significant benefit in careful assessment of dissociative symptoms for the entire spectrum of mental disorders. There is a major need to raise awareness in all mental health facilities, of the value that this has in the current clinical setting.
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Suszek, Hubert. "Self-Pluralism and Dissociation." Psychological Reports 96, no. 1 (February 2005): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.1.181-182.
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The study examined the relationships among self-pluralism and dissociative experiences. 100 students were assessed using the Self-pluralism Scale and the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Scores on self-pluralism were positively correlated with others: overall Dissociation ( r = .50), Absorption ( r = .54), Depersonalization ( r = .43) and Amnesia ( r = .28).
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WIGHT, A., A. HODGSON, G. WORTHY, D. BUTLER, and B. E. HAYDEN. "DISSOCIATIVE CHEMISORPTION OF H2(D2) AT Fe(110)." Surface Review and Letters 01, no. 04 (December 1994): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x94000965.
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The dissociative chemisorption of H2(D2) at a Fe(110) surface has been studied as a function of translational energy ET, internal energy Ei, incident angle θi, and surface temperature Ts. Adsorption is activated, the sticking probability increasing steadily with translational energy with no evidence of a threshold for dissociation. Within experimental error there is no isotope effect or surface temperature dependence (180 K<Ts<400 K). Using seeded beams at constant translational energy, sticking on a clean surface is insensitive to the internal state distribution of the incident molecules, consistent with a barrier to dissociative chemisorption in the entrance channel. For translational energies below 0.2 eV sticking deviates from normal energy scaling, momentum parallel to the surface strongly inhibiting dissociative chemisorption. Dissociaton is interpreted in terms of a localised surface site for dissociative chemisorption at low energies.
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Zweig-Frank, Hallie, Joel Paris, and Jaswant Guzder. "Psychological Risk Factors for Dissociation and Self-Mutilation in Female Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 5 (June 1994): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900504.
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The purposes of this study were to determine whether or not dissociation in female patients suffering from personality disorder is related to sexual and physical abuse or to abuse parameters and whether or not self-mutilation in the personality disorders is related to psychological risk factors or to dissociation. The sample was divided into 78 borderline and 72 nonborderline personality disorders. Psychological risk factors were measured through histories of childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse and separation or loss as well as scores on the Parental Bonding Index. Dissociation was measured by the Dissociative Experiences Scale. On the diagnostic interview, 48 subjects scored positive for self-mutilation. Dissociative Experiences Scale scores were associated with a borderline diagnosis but not with childhood sexual abuse or physical abuse. The parameters of abuse were not related to dissociation. Subjects who mutilated themselves had higher rates of both childhood sexual abuse and dissociation in univariate analyses. However, in multivariate analyses only diagnosis was significant. None of the other psychological risk factors were significantly linked to self-mutilation. The findings do not support theories that dissociation and self-mutilation in borderline personality disorder are associated with childhood trauma.
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Groth-Marnat, Gary, and Naomi Michel. "DISSOCIATION, COMORBIDITY OF DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS, AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE OF WOMEN WITH CURRENT AND PAST BULIMIA." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 28, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2000.28.3.279.
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Dissociation and childhood sexual abuse were examined in a community sample of current bulimics (N=47), past bulimics (N=29), and non-bulimic controls (N=37). All respondents completed questionnaires requesting information relating to bulimia, dissociation, and incidence and severity of childhood sexual abuse. Participants scoring high on the measure of dissociation (N=21) were further assessed with a structured clinical interview to determine the proportion who would fulfill the formal criteria for a DSM-IV dissociative disorder. Results indicated that dissociation was highest among current bulimics, and that past bulimics had lower levels of dissociation than current bulimics (although higher than non-bulimic controls). However, there was no association between level of dissociation and incidence of reported childhood sexual abuse. In addition, the incidence of childhood sexual abuse was no higher among bulimics than among the general population – although the severity of the abuse was reported to have been higher. The severity of self-reported childhood sexual abuse was also found to be higher among current bulimics than among past bulimics. Comorbidity of DSM-IV dissociative disorders among current bulimics was found to be 10%.
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Özdemir, Osman, Vedat Cilingir, Pınar Güzel Özdemir, Aysel Milanlioglu, Mehmet Hamamci, and Ekrem Yilmaz. "Dissociative experiences in patients with epilepsy." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 74, no. 3 (March 2016): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20160045.
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ABSTRACT A few studies have explored dissociative experiences in epilepsy patients. We investigated dissociative experiences in patients with epilepsy using the dissociative experiences scale (DES). Ninety-eight patients with epilepsy and sixty healthy controls were enrolled in this study. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to the participants. The DES scores were significantly higher for the patients with epilepsy than the healthy individuals. The number of individuals with pathological dissociation (DES ≥ 30) was higher in the epilepsy group (n = 28) than in the control group (n = 8). Also, higher levels of dissociation were significantly associated with frequency of seizures, but were not associated with duration of epilepsy and age at onset of the disorder. These findings demonstrate that patients with epilepsy are more prone to dissociation than controls. The high rate of dissociative experiences among patients with epilepsy suggest that some epilepsy-related factors are present.
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Spitzer, Carsten, Sven Barnow, Harald J. Freyberger, and Hans Joergen Grabe. "Dissociation Predicts Symptom-Related Treatment Outcome in Short-Term Inpatient Psychotherapy." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 8 (August 2007): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701449146.
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Objective: Previous research has indicated that dissociation might be a negative predictor of treatment outcome in cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders. Using a naturalistic design it was hypothesized that higher levels of dissociation predict poorer outcome in inpatients with affective, anxiety and somatoform disorders participating in a brief psychodynamic psychotherapy. Method: A total of 133 patients completed the Symptom Check List (SCL-90), the German short version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems at the beginning and the end of treatment. The Global Severity Index (GSI) of the SCL-90 was chosen as outcome criterion. Results: A total of 62.4% of study participants were classified as treatment responders, that is, they showed a statistically significant change of their GSI scores. Controlling for general psychopathology, the non-responders had significantly higher baseline dissociation scores than the responders. In a logistic regression analysis with non-response as a dependent variable, a comorbid personality disorder, low baseline psychopathology and high dissociation levels emerged as relevant predictors, but interpersonal problems and other comorbid disorders did not. Conclusions: Dissociation has a negative impact on treatment outcome. It is suggested that dissociative subjects dissociate as a response to negative emotions arising in psychotherapy leading to a less favourable outcome. Additionally, dissociative patients may have an insecure attachment pattern negatively affecting the therapeutic relationship. Thus, dissociation may directly and indirectly influence the treatment process and outcome.
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Kunzendorf, Robert G., and Diane Marsden. "Dissociation in Ambidextrous Students." Perceptual and Motor Skills 73, no. 3 (December 1991): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1991.73.3.778.
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95 students completed Bernstein and Putnam's Dissociative Experiences Scale and Annett's Handedness Questionnaire. Greater dissociation was statistically associated with ambidexterity of these undergraduates.
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Kulla, Patricia, Tina Braun, Tim Reichenberger, and Joachim Kruse. "Researching Shame, Dissociation, and Their Relationship Using Latent Change Modeling." Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 14, no. 2 (April 2023): 204380872311627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20438087231162756.
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Shame and dissociation play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of (complex) post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the causal relationship between these two symptoms remains unclear. We tested the association between state shame and state dissociation in 249 participants (Mage = 27.55; SDage = 8.74; 60.24% female; 84.7% no mental illness). After completing questionnaires (trait shame and dissociation, trauma history), participants were randomly allocated to an imaginative shame or dissociation induction group, and changes in state shame and dissociation were measured. The data were analyzed using latent change score modeling. We found significant changes in both state shame and dissociation, with an isolated change of state shame in the shame induction group but changes in both shame and dissociation in the dissociation induction group. Thus, state shame and dissociation correlated only with the induction of dissociation. We found an effect of trait variables only on state dissociation and no effect of trauma history on state variables. The interaction between shame and dissociation remains complex and is only partially understood. Our study adds to research supporting the assumption that dissociation leads to shame. In addition, in experimental psychopathology approaches, imaginative procedures seem more suitable for studying shame than for studying dissociative symptoms.
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Atlas, Jeffrey A., and Jey Hiott. "Dissociative Experience in a Group of Adolescents with History of Abuse." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 1 (February 1994): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.1.121.
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57 successive admissions of adolescents with a history of abuse were examined to assess the extent of dissociative experience and possible differences in amount of dissociation related to types of abuse (physical, sexual, and both). The subjects showed a trend towards increased dissociation with inclusion of sexual abuse in their histories, and over-all significant dissociation when compared with a general inpatient psychiatric sample.
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Baudin, Grégoire, Servane Barrault, Hussein El Ayoubi, François Kazour, Nicolas Ballon, Damien Maugé, Coraline Hingray, Paul Brunault, and Wissam El-Hage. "Childhood Trauma and Dissociation Correlates in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of 587 French Subjects Hospitalized in a Rehabilitation Center." Brain Sciences 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111483.
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This study aimed to determine whether dissociative symptoms and childhood trauma (CT) may help identify a specific subgroup of patients among those hospitalized for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We assessed 587 patients hospitalized for an AUD in a French addiction rehabilitation center (cross-sectional study) regarding dissociative symptoms (DES-taxon), childhood trauma (CTQ), depression (BDI), anxiety (STAI-state and STAI-trait), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; PCL-5), and AUD symptoms (AUDIT). We ran a hierarchical cluster analysis and compared the clusters in terms of dissociation and CT, as well as AUD, depressive, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. We identified three clusters of patients: (1) patients with low AUD severity and low dissociation (LALD); (2) patients with high AUD severity and low dissociation (HALD); (3) patients with high AUD severity and high dissociation (HAHD). Patients from the HAHD group had significantly higher dissociation and more severe depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms than those with LALD and HALD. They also reported more emotional and sexual abuse than those with LALD. Among patients with an AUD, those with high dissociation may constitute an independent subgroup that exhibits a higher prevalence for CT and higher AUD severity, as well as higher depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Patients with more severe AUD and associated psychiatric symptoms should be systematically screened for dissociation and provided with tailor-based treatments.
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Domozych, Wojciech, and Wojciech Łukasz Dragan. "Genetic and Environmental Basis of the Relationship Between Dissociative Experiences and Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Dimensions – Pilot Study." Polish Psychological Bulletin 47, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2016-0048.
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Abstract Dissociation is commonly regarded as a disruption in the normally integrated functions of memory, knowledge, affect, sensation or behavior. The present study utilized behavioral genetics’ methodology to investigate genetic and environmental basis of the relationship between dissociation and Cloninger’s temperament and character traits. A sample of 83 monozygotic and 65 dizygotic twins were administered self-report measures which assessed dissociative experiences along with personality dimensions. Significant correlations and high loads of common genetic variance between dissociative experiences and personality traits of novelty seeking, self-directedness, cooperativeness and self-transcendence were identified. Heritability of dissociative experiences was estimated at 62%. The study shows that there exists a considerable amount of genetic variance overlap between dissociation and personality dimensions. It also supports the hypothesis that propensity to dissociate is highly heritable
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Petric, Domina. "Dissociation, Dissociative Disorders and Partial Psychosis." Open Journal of Medical Psychology 11, no. 04 (2022): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmp.2022.114018.
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Luckenbill, Daniel B., Mike F. Iossi, Alyssa M. George Whitney, Danielle Miller, Lynn A. Crosby, and Tarun Goswami. "Biomechanical Evaluation of Recurrent Dissociation of Modular Humeral Prostheses." Bioengineering 9, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9020076.
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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the force and torque required to dissociate a humeral head from the unimplanted modular total shoulder replacement system from different manufacturers and to determine if load and torque to dissociation are reduced in the presence of bodily fluids. Impingement, taper contamination, lack of compressive forces, and interference of taper fixation by the proximal humerus have all been reported as possible causes for dissociation. Experimental values determined in this research were compared with literature estimates of dissociation force of the humeral head under various conditions to gain more understanding of the causes of recurrent dissociations of the humeral head. This study examined biomechanical properties under dry and wet conditions under clinically practiced methods. Mean load to dissociation (1513 N ± 508 N) was found to be greater than that exerted by the activities of daily living (578 N) for all implants studied. The mean torque to dissociation was (49.77 N·m ± 19.07 N·m). Analysis of R2 correlation coefficients and p-values (α = 0.05) did not show any significant correlation between dry/bovine, dry/wet, or wet/bovine for load, displacement, or torsional stiffness in the majority of tests performed. Wetting the taper with water or bovine serum did not reduce the dissociation force to a statistically significant degree. Torque and lack of compressive forces at the rotator cuff may be the cause of dissociation at values less than those of activities of daily living. Torque data are provided by this study, but further research is needed to fully appreciate the role of torque in recurrent dissociations.
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Brown, Sue-Ellen, and Aaron Katcher. "Pet Attachment and Dissociation." Society & Animals 9, no. 1 (2001): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853001300108973.
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AbstractThis study replicated the co-existence of dissociation and pet attachment in 113 female veterinary technician students based on a bivariate correlation analysis and chi-square analysis of their responses to the 28-question Dissociative Experiences Scale and an eight-question "pet" attachment questionnaire.The study replicated the positive correlation between pet attachment and dissociation first reported by Brown & Katcher (1997). Also replicated was the finding that significantly more with the highest pet attachment had clinical levels of dissociation than did those with lower attachment. Results compared to a meta-analytic study found their level of dissociation to be higher than participants in non-animalrelated categories.This study suggests that dissociation may characterize one subset of people highly attached to pets and discusses implications for companion animal research and individuals in animal-related careers.
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Zavattini, Giulio Cesare, Carlo Garofalo, Patrizia Velotti, Marco Tommasi, Roberta Romanelli, Helena Espírito Santo, Mara Costa, and Aristide Saggino. "Dissociative Experiences and Psychopathology Among Inmates in Italian and Portuguese Prisons." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 9 (November 18, 2015): 975–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15617256.
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The association between dissociation and psychopathological symptoms is well established, yet studies with inmates are lacking. If higher rates of dissociation and psychiatric symptoms are reported in inmate samples, it is not clear whether they represent two separate, albeit related, characteristics. We examined the association between dissociation and psychopathological symptoms among 320 Italian subjects (122 inmates and 198 community participants) and a Portuguese inmate sample ( n = 67). Then, we tested whether dissociation and psychopathology levels were higher among inmates. Both hypotheses were supported, confirming the relevance of dissociative, paranoid, and psychotic symptoms among inmates, as well as their interrelations. Notably, the group difference in dissociation remained significant after partialing out the variance associated with other psychopathological symptoms. Conversely, only the difference in paranoid symptoms remained—marginally—significant when controlling for the influence of dissociation. This finding suggests that dissociation may have unique relevance for the psychological functioning of inmates.
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Wu, Yang-Yang, Feng-Qi Zhao, Si-Yu Xu, and Xue-Hai Ju. "A density functional theory study of adsorption and dissociation of isopropyl nitrate on an Al(111) surface." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 93, no. 3 (March 2015): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0375.
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The generalized gradient approximation of density functional theory was used to investigate the adsorption and dissociation of a single isopropyl nitrate molecule on an Al(111) surface. The isopropyl nitrate tends to adsorb in a parallel mode with respect to the Al(111) surface. A total of 10 dissociation modes were investigated including both the vertical and parallel dissociations. The analysis of transition states, density of states, and the Hirshfeld populations have been carried out. In general, the dissociations on the same site would produce similar products. The surface aluminum atoms would attract the oxygen or nitrogen atoms dissociated from the nitro group, leading to the formation of three Al–O or Al–N bonds on the surface. Our study presented a deep insight into the dissociation behaviors as well as the mechanisms of isopropyl nitrate on the aluminum surface. Moreover, the smallest activation barrier energy for the isopropyl nitrate dissociation on the aluminum surface is 58.51 kJ/mol, which is much lower than that of 158 kJ/mol for the direct decomposition.
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Kauffman, Jeffrey. "Dissociative Functions in the Normal Mourning Process." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 28, no. 1 (February 1994): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/w8fq-v07w-w3g6-02dh.
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Dissociative functions in the mourning process are seen to occur in conjunction with integrative trends. The initial shock reaction in mourning is considered a paradigm of normal dissociation in the mourning process. Some research and clinical implications are addressed. Dissociation is understood to be related to the traumatic significance of death in human consciousness. Four psychological categories of dissociative functioning in the processing of death are discerned. Implications of normal dissociative processes in the mourning process for the theory of the unity of the self are raised.
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Pacetti, M., and D. Salmaso. "Alexithymia and dissociation in personality disorders: a retrospective cross-sectional study." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1709.
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Introduction Patients with “personality disorder”, has history of traumatic life events and are predisposed to develop alexithymia and dissociation, considered as risk factor for severity. Objectives The aim of the research is to analyze alexithymia relating to dissociative symptoms, and investigate their associations, in 34 patients with personality disorder. Methods Outpatients with personality disorder relating to Mental Health Centre have been identified and tested with the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Parma Scale for Personality Functioning and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Results There was no significant association between age of patients and presence of alexithymia (r=-0.16) and dissociation (r=-0.19); most patients with alexithymia and dissociation were female (67%; 0.67%). 71% of alexithymic subjects had attended lower secondary school, 50% upper secondary school and 43% had a university degree. Substance use is higher in alexithymic patients (73%). 69% of subjects who do not undergo any individual or group psychotherapy are alexithymic; for dissociative symptoms it is significant to undergo both psychotherapies. Alexithymia and dissociation are more frequent in histrionic personality disorder (80%; 60%) and borderline personality disorder (55%; 54%). There is a potential correlation between alexithymia and the presence of dissociative symptoms (r=0.64). Conclusions This study found that alexithymia and dissociative symptoms are frequent within personality disorders, particularly in histrionic and borderline personality disorder. We found that the two phenomena were associated. Furthermore we found alexithymia is more influenced by external factors than dissociative symptoms. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Segal, David, and Steven Jay Lynn. "Predicting Dissociative Experiences: Imagination, Hypnotizability, Psychopathology, and Alcohol Use." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 12, no. 3 (March 1993): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/c0tu-yn7d-krpx-029g.
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College students ( N = 85) were teted in order to examine the ability of imagination, psychopathology, hypnotizability, and alcohol use measures to predict dissociative experiences. Together, these measures predicted 45 percent (Bliss Scale [1]) and 43 percent (Dissociative Experiences Scale, DES [2]) of variance on dissociation scales. We confirmed the hypothesis that imagination and dissociative experiences are related: dissociation and positive constructive daydreaming and poor attentional control (SIPI) measures were moderately associated [3]. These two imagination measures emerged as influential predictors of Bliss (19% of variance) and DES (16% of variance) scores. Psychopathology measures (i.e., state anger, depression, anxiety) were more reliably associated with DES than Bliss scores, although alcohol use predicted Bliss scores. Hypnotizability (HGSHS:A, [4]) and dissociation were not associated, and hypnotizability only accounted for 3 percent of DES variance. Only state curiosity (STPI, [5]) was associated with hypnotizability.
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Molina, Omar Franklin, Zeila Coelho Santos, Bruno Huber Simião, Rogério Ferreira Marquezan, Ricardo Léllis Marçal, Juliana Romanelli Marçal, and Márllos Peres de Melo. "Assessing Dissociation In Craniomandibular Disorders Individuals." Revista Neurociências 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2013.v21.8157.
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Objective. Develop a system to classify frequency of dissociation in CMD/bruxers, and evaluate the use of antianxiety and antidepressant drugs. Method. History of sign/symptoms, clinical examination, muscle /joint palpation, criteria for Craniomandibular disorders (CMDs), severities of bruxing behavior, and the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), in 243 CMD individuals and 43 controls. A system with scores from 0-10%, 11-19%, 20-29%, 30-39% and 40% or higher was used to classify CMD individuals and controls as presenting no, mild, moderate, severe and very severe dissociation. Results. 73,3% and 30,2% CMD and non CMD controls subjects, respectively, demonstrated some degree of dissociation (p<0.0001). Mild and moderate dissociation (55% , 24,2%) occurred more frequently as compared to severe and very severe dissociation (11,8, 9%), in the CMD group. CMD and dissociation individuals demonstrated greater use of antianxiety but not antidepressant drugs than those without ( 31%, 11,4%, p=0.04) and (62%, 40%, p=0,32). Use of antianxiety and antidepressant drugs increased with the severity of dissociation (p=0,009, p=0.04). Conclusions. Dissociation in CMD/bruxing behavior individuals varied greatly, mild and moderate dissociation occurred more frequently, and antidepressants rather than antianxiety drugs were used more frequently in CMD and dissociation patients than in those CMD without dissociation.
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Sutar, Roshan, Vasudha Hande, Shantala Hegde, and Santosh K. Chaturvedi. "Relationship of Behavioral and Cognitive Abilities in Subjects with Pathological Dissociation: An Exploratory Study." Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences 27, no. 01 (March 22, 2024): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55229/ijbs.v27i1.07.
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Dissociation is a disruption in the coordinated functioning of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, motor control, and behavior. We aimed to investigate the phenomenon of dissociation and its relationship with neuro-cognitive processes. A cross-sectional study involving adult participants from a Tertiary Neuropsychiatry Center was divided into two groups based on dissociative experience scale (DES) scores followed by mindfulness attention awareness scale (MAAS), and a battery of neuropsychological tests to measure attention, concentration, memory, and other executive functions. Nine participants (22.2% females) with a mean age of 28.2 ± 7.5 years were grouped into extreme pathological dissociation (N = 4), and mild dissociation (N = 5). The total DES scores were significantly higher in subjects with extreme pathological dissociation (24.46 ± 7.3) as compared to those with mild dissociation (9.93 ± 2.58). The Stroop effect [160.4 ± 49 (p = 0.05)] and digit vigilance errors (16 ± 11.1 (p = 0.019) were significantly higher in the mild dissociation group. Further research is required to understand the presence of altered information processing speed and attention in mild dissociation