Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dissemination of art'

This essay investigates live-streamed guided tours made by Moderna Museet, so called sofa tours, streamed between February 2020­ and April 2021. The aim is to observe, describe and analyze the [Moderna Museet’s] sofa tours using a modality approach as well as relating the sofa tours to physical museum visits, using the concepts of media, mediation, remediation, immediacy and hypermediacy. The research questions concern ways of looking at art when participating in sofa tours and the differences compared to physically viewing art at the museum. In conclusion, the sofa tours made by Moderna Museet offers several alternatives to physical museum visits, not necessarily better or worse. Participants can actually modify their experience of participating in sofa tours and looking at art, for example by choosing to participate live or afterwards, with or without access to other participants comments, questions and reactions as well as choosing between using Facebook, Instagram, YouTube or the museum webpage to access the sofa tours. Comparing sofa tours to physical museum visits showed that both their principal function is to provide opportunities for people to view art together with other people, with or without the aid of a guide. However, most of the mediated space in the physical museum is unavailable to sofa tour participants. On the other hand, the sofa tour creates another set of unique mediations which do not exist in the physical museum space.

Orientador: Jorge Megid Neto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Considerando-se a incipiente divulgação das pesquisas sobre a Educação em Ciências no Brasil e seu reconhecido potencial para a melhoria do ensino escolar, em especial nas séries iniciais, a pesquisa descreve e analisa as tendências das teses e dissertações direcionadas ao Ensino de Ciências nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental no período de 1972 a 2005. Busca conhecer o que tem sido investigado sobre o ensino de Ciências nesse nível de escolaridade e, de modo particular, quais as características e tendências pedagógicas das práticas escolares propostas e implementadas por essas pesquisas. Por intermédio de catálogos de teses do CEDOC - Centro de Documentação em Ensino de Ciências da Faculdade de Educação da UNICAMP e do banco de Teses da CAPES, foram identificadas 135 teses e dissertações sobre o ensino de Ciências nas quatro primeiras séries do ensino fundamental. Estas foram estudadas segundo os descritores: ano de defesa, orientador, instituição produtora, área de conteúdo do currículo escolar e foco temático. No conjunto de trabalhos, 83% foram defendidos nos últimos dez anos do período investigado e em 48 universidades distintas, predominando a produção da USP (14%), UNESP (9%), UFSCar (6%) e UNICAMP (5%). Quanto à área de conteúdo, prevalecem os estudos que tratam os conhecimentos de Ciências de uma maneira genérica ou sem privilegiar algum campo específico (45% do total), e crescem ao longo dos anos os estudos no campo da Educação Ambiental (28%) e da Saúde e Sexualidade (13%), muito embora ainda encontremos trabalhos que tratem de conteúdos específicos de uma área, no caso Física ou Biologia. Para os focos temáticos, a predominância recaiu em conteúdo-método (32%), características e concepções do professor (30%), currículos e programas (22%) e características e concepções do aluno (19%). Para uma análise específica foram selecionadas 30 teses e dissertações que desenvolveram práticas pedagógicas na forma de pesquisa experimental ou pesquisa-ação, sendo descritos e analisados com respeito ao método de ensino-aprendizagem, aos recursos e materiais didáticos, às relações pesquisador-professor-aluno, ao processo e instrumentos de avaliação da aprendizagem, ao referencial teórico e ao modelo educacional (tradicional, redescoberta, construtivista, tecnicista, ciência-tecnologia-sociedade e sócio-cultural) subjacentes à prática pedagógica. Nesse conjunto, o modelo construtivista foi predominante (63%), seguido do modelo sócio-cultural (20%) e do modelo da redescoberta (10%). Na grande maioria das pesquisas, notou-se que as práticas pedagógicas foram elaboradas pelos próprios pesquisadores acadêmicos, aplicadas pelos professores da escola básica e realizadas pelos alunos, acentuando ainda uma relação hierárquica e autoritária entre universidade e escola básica. Notou-se, também, que as pesquisas e práticas implementadas nas salas de aula (nível de fato) na maioria das vezes se distanciam do que foi preconizado no discurso (nível de propósito). Observa-se ainda que os pesquisadores não encontram dificuldades em propor e aplicar uma proposta de inovação educacional; todavia provocar mudanças nas relações pessoais e nas formas de avaliação constitui ainda uma barreira difícil de ser superada. Sugere-se a necessidade de um processo de pesquisa e de prática pedagógica que envolva colaborativamente pesquisador, professores e alunos em um movimento constante de açãoreflexão- ação na e da prática, para que esses possam juntos propor inovações e essas se constituam em experiências relevantes para a melhoria do ensino e para o desenvolvimento profissional do professor.
Abstract: Considering the incipient spread of researches on the Science education in Brazil and its recognized potential for the improvement of the school teaching, in special in elementary school, the inquiry describes and analyses the tendencies of the theories and dissertations directed to the Science education in elementary school in the period from 1972 to 2005. It searches to know what has been investigated on the Science education in this level of schooling and, in particular way, which characteristics and pedagogic tendencies of the school practices proposed and implemented by these inquiries. Through catalogues of theories of the CEDOC - Centre of Documentation in Science education of the Faculty of Education of the UNICAMP and of the bank of Theories of CAPES, 135 theories and dissertations were identified on the Science education in the first four series of the basic teaching. These were studied according to the describers: year of defense, advisor, producing institution, area of content of the school curriculum and thematic focus. In the set of works, 83 % was defended in the last ten years of the investigated period and in 48 different universities, when there is predominating the production of USP (14 %), UNESP (9 %), UFSCar (6 %) and UNICAMP (5 %). As for the area of content, there prevail the studies that treat the knowledges of Science of a generic way or without privileging any specific field (45 % of the total), and the studies grow along the years in the field of the Environmental Education (28 %) and of the Health and Sexuality (13 %), very much though we will still find works that treat specific contents of na area, in the case of Physics or Biology. For the thematic focuses, the predominance relapsed into content-method (32 %), characteristics and conceptions of the teacher (30 %), curriculums and programs (22 %) and characteristics and conceptions of the pupil (19 %). For a specific analysis there were selected 30 theories and dissertations that developed pedagogic practices in the form of experimental inquiry or inquiry-action, being described and analysed as to the method of teaching-apprenticeship, to the resources and educational materials, to the relations researcher-teacher-pupil, to the process and evaluation instruments of the apprenticeship, to the theoretical referential system and to an education model (traditional, rediscover, construction, technicalist, science technology-society - STS and cultural-partner) underlying to the pedagogic practice. In this set, the construction model was predominant (63 %) followed from the cultural-partner model (20 %) and from the rediscover model (10 %). In great most of the inquiries, it was noticed that the pedagogic practices were prepared by the academic researches themselves, applied by the teachers of the basic school and carried out by the pupils, accenting still a hierarchical and authoritarian relation between university and basic school. It was also noticed that the inquiries and practices implemented in the classrooms (in fact level) most of times it gets far away of what it was extolled in the speech (level of purpose). It is still noticed that the researchers do not find difficulties in proposing and applying a proposal of education innovation; however to provoke changes in the personal relations and in the forms of evaluation constitutes still a difficult barrier to be surpassed. There is suggested the necessity of an inquiry process and pedagogic practice that wraps researcher, teachers and pupils in a constant movement of action-reflection-action in and of the practice, so that those can propose innovations together and so that they may be constituted in relevant experiences for the improvement of the teaching and for the professional development of the teacher.
Mestrado
Ensino e Práticas Culturais
Mestre em Educação

La dissémination d’information dans les réseaux VANET est une opération fondamentale pour la sécurité routière. Il est dès lors nécessaire de concevoir et mettre en oeuvre des algorithmes efficaces et adaptatifs pour la dissémination d’informations sélectives et pertinentes.Dans ce travail, des approches Bio-inspirées sont proposées, à partir des comportements auto-organisés des essaims comme les colonies de fourmis et d’abeilles. Ces approches visent à fournir à chaque véhicule des informations en provenance de son environnement et alerter les conducteurs. Dans la première approche, le système de communication direct et indirect des fourmis est utilisé. Les fourmis partagent les informations sur les sources de nourriture avec des membres de la colonie en sécrétant la phéromone sur leurs chemins. La deuxième approche est inspirée par le système de communication des abeilles. Les abeilles partagent les informations à propos des sources de nourriture avec les autres membres de la ruche par des messages spécifiques, selon l’importance de ces sources.Une nouvelle mesure de "pertinence" associée aux messages est définie, par analogie à la sécrétion des phéromones des fourmis et au niveau de l’intensité des messages pour les abeilles, pour disséminer des informations de sécurité dans une zone géographique. Les simulations sont effectuées en utilisant le simulateur NS2 pour mesurer l’efficacité des approches proposées sous différentes conditions, en particulier en termes de densités et vitesses des véhicules
Information dissemination in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is a fundamental operation to increase the safety awareness among vehicles on roads. Thus, the design and implementation of efficient and scalable algorithms for relevant information dissemination constitutes a major issue that should be tackled.In this work, bio-inspired information dissemination approaches are proposed, that use self-organization principles of swarms such as Ant and Honey Bee colonies. These approaches are targeted to provide each vehicle with the required information about its surrounding and assist drivers to be aware of undesirable road conditions. In the first approach, Ant’s direct and indirect communication systems are used. Ants share information about food findings with colony members by throwing pheromone on the returning to the nest. The second, an RSU-based approach is inspired by the Bee communication system. Bees share profitable food sources with hive-mates in their hive by specific messages.A “relevance” value associated to the emergency messages is defined as an analogue to pheromone throwing in Ant colony, and as an analogue to profitability level in Bee colony, to disseminate safety information within a geographical area. Simulations are conducted using NS2 network simulator and relevant metrics are evaluated under different node speeds and network densities to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches

The media, through development communication and edutainment, plays a critical role in the transformation of societies. In line with this, this thesis discusses the extent to which commercially driven prosocial soap operas can provide a platform for public health messaging, in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa, for antiretroviral treatment (ART) and for encouraging ART adherence to foster national development. Furthermore, this thesis examined the potential of celebrities as HIV/AIDS ambassadors and the potential of both fictional characters and ‘real-life’ celebrities to disseminate these health messages. Although the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa is stabilising, this is not the time to relax the communication around the disease, particularly regarding adherence to ARVs, considering that South Africa has the largest ARV rollout in the world. The qualitative methodological approach taken for this thesis is a three-step approach examining the intended message, the text and the appropriated message by viewers. Firstly, a thematic content analysis of an episode of Isidingo, that illustrated Nandipha as HIV-positive and the side-effects that came with her ART adherence, and the 3Talk interview with Lesego Motsepe, where she announced that she was weaning herself off ART, was done in order to understand the intended health messaging in the soap opera and the health message disseminated by an HIV-positive actress with regards to ART. Thereafter interview responses by the production team as well as by HIV-positive viewers, using ARVs, were thematised. In addition media texts which provided commentary on the use of a celebrity as a HIV-positive role model were examined. In doing this, this thesis has offered up the meanings of how HIV-positive women taking ARVs and living in Makana experience and understand the media, particularly health messaging relating to ARVs. The findings of this study suggest that commercial soap operas are the perfect platform to address HIV/AIDS and that prosocial health messaging regarding ARV adherence is still necessary in this country. Soap operas have the potential to have an educational angle. Although, HIV-positive individuals serve as better role models as they are authentic; given human nature, fictional characters, such as Nandipha Matabane in Isidingo, may be more sustainable role models as their message can be scientifically-based and well-researched. Realistic characters serve as role models whose behaviour is to be emulated. Soap operas appeal to a wide audience and so storylines can be tailor-made according to the times and the needs in terms of health issues and messaging. Thus, soap operas are not a single platform but rather one which can be exploited to maximum advantage for public health messaging.

Viral marketing allows companies to promote their products and services using very small budgets and the viral ad can be considered the holy grail of digital marketing. In this light, the aim of this study is to discuss the main factors in the existing literature that are considered to boost virality and articulate a summarized Virality Theoretical Model. The empirical study included in this thesis involves the monitoring of an actual ad and an assessment of whether it went viral or not and if it follows the guidelines of the Virality Theoretical Model. The empirical study showed that the ad did not go viral and did not include and display all the attributes proposed by the Model. This further indicates, in regards to theory as well as for marketing executives and advertising practitioners, that virality is a complex phenomenon that depends on several different factors involving both content characteristics and dissemination.

Ob Kunstmuseum oder ethnographische Sammlung, ob Militärhistorisches Museum oder Münzkabinett: In einem vielfältigen Angebotsspektrum ringen große und kleine Museen um die Gunst der Besucher. Die Struktur des Zielpublikums ist dabei in der Regel sehr weit gefasst, da im Sinne des Bildungsauftrags möglichst viele soziale Milieus oder Altersgruppen angesprochen werden sollen. Das Informationsmaterial zur Vermittlung der Ausstellungsinhalte, wie Ausstellungskataloge, Audioguides, Flyer oder der Internetauftritt der jeweiligen Institutionen, enthält eine Vielzahl von weiterführenden Informationen, die in der Regel nur teilweise zielgruppenspezifisch aufbereitet werden, da die Adressaten jeweils nur schwer eingegrenzt werden können. (...)

The expanding potential for the dissemination and archiving of aphorisms is explored in this practice-based research thesis. An aphorism is a short statement that communicates an insight about the world (and can sometimes function as a guide to action). Eric McLuhan, interviewed in Signs of the Times: The History of Writing (Goëss Video, 1996), suggests that the future of the book is the aphoristic statement. Aphoristic knowledge has traditionally been transmitted through texts and through libraries, but this project brings into play various modes of recirculating aphoristic texts using contemporary distribution networks and digital media such as moving image, projection on to urban screens, artists’ books, archival digital photography and glazed ceramics. Texts ‘virally inhabit’ a number of sites and languages in a series of works situated in the interdisciplinary context of contemporary text art and artists’ books. The sayings rejoin the cultural river of ideas in local and international incarnations. Practice-based work (80%) and exegesis (20%)

The purpose of this study was to develop a model that would enhance the development, dissemination, and adoption of educational multimedia materials. The grounded theory definition of open coding was used to analyze data collected from the 3-year Technology Leadership Web Library Project at the University of North Texas. Weekly meeting minutes, email communication, reports, notes, questionnaires, and surveys were examined to determine major factors involved in the process of product development and dissemination. From the analysis of this study, five major factors in product development and dissemination were identified. These factors were leadership, team dynamics, expert advisors, feedback, and consumers. The synthesis of the factors led to the development of the PROMOTE (process revolving around ongoing management of team and evaluative feedback) model. The PROMOTE model is based on the establishment of a system that includes leadership, development team, and expert advisors at its center. The system is tied together with well-established feedback loops for stages of evaluation. The PROMOTE model is iterative and uses consumer feedback to generate new products. The PROMOTE model differs from other product development and evaluation models both in the focus of the process and the nature of the evaluation feedback.

A case study was conducted to document the changes in the attitudes of academic administrators at Langston University with regards to the use of various types of information sources for strategic planning. Environmental scanning of external factors was accomplished for six months by the use of a selective dissemination of information (SDI) service. Pre- and post-assessments of the perceived reliance on, satisfaction with and adequacy of personal and library-type information sources were conducted. Findings indicated the continued reliance on personal sources. No statistically significant changes were found in perceived adequacy levels in the use of library-type materials. The overall satisfaction level for the use of library-type information sources and retrieval methods showed a significant increase. Further study is recommended that will utilize additional information technology and other academic institutions.

The web has granted everyone the opportunity to freely share large amounts of data. Individuals, corporations, and communities have made the web an important tool in their arsenal. These entities are spreading information online, but not all of it is constructive. Some spread misinformation to protect themselves or to attack other entities or ideas on the web. Checking the integrity of all the information online is a complex problem and an ethical solution would be equally complex. Multiple latent factors decide how a topic spreads and finding these factors is non-trivial. In this thesis, the patterns of different topics are compared with each other and the generalized patterns of fake, true, and mixed news, using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic models. We look at how the dissemination of topics can be compared through different metrics, and how these can be calculated through networks related to the data.  The analyzed data was collected using the Twitter API and news article scrapers. From this data, custom corpora were made through lemmatization and filtering unnecessary words and characters. The LDA models were made using these corpora, making it possible to extract the latent topics of the articles. By plotting the articles according to their most dominant topic, graphs for the popularity, size, and other distribution statistics could easily be drawn. From these graphs, the topics could be compared to each other and be categorized as fake, true, or mixed news by looking at their patterns and novelty. However, this brought up the question if it would be ethical to generalize topics in this way. Suppressing or censuring an article because it contains a lot of novel information might hide constructive novelties and violate freedom of speech. Finally, this thesis presents the means for further work in the future, which could involve collecting one large, continuous dataset for a fair and accurate comparison between topics.

Une élévation majeure de la charge mutationnelle (hypermutation) est observée dans certains gliomes. Néanmoins, les mécanismes de ce phénomène et ses implications thérapeutiques notamment concernant la réponse à la chimiothérapie ou à l'immunothérapie sont encore mal connus. Sur le plan du mécanisme, une association entre hypermutation et mutations des gènes de la voie de réparation des mésappariements de l'ADN (MMR) a été rapportée dans les gliomes, cependant la plupart des mutations MMR observées dans ce contexte n'étaient pas fonctionnellement caractérisées, et leur rôle dans le développement d’hypermutation restait de ce fait incertain. De plus, l'impact de l'hypermutation sur l'immunogénicité des cellules gliales et sur leur sensibilité au blocage des points de contrôles immunitaires (par exemple par traitement anti-PD-1) n’est pas connu. Dans cette étude, nous analysons de manière exhaustive les déterminants cliniques et moléculaires de la charge et des signatures mutationnelle dans 10 294 gliomes, dont 558 (5,4%) tumeurs hypermutées. Nous identifions deux principales voies responsables d'hypermutation dans les gliomes : une voie "de novo" associée à des déficits constitutionnels du système MMR et de la polymérase epsilon (POLE), ainsi qu'une voie "post-traitement", plus fréquente, associée à l'acquisition de déficits MMR et de résistance secondaire dans les gliomes récidivant après chimiothérapie par temozolomide. Expérimentalement, la signature mutationnelle des gliomes hypermutés post-traitement (signature COSMIC 11) était reproduite par les dommages induits par le témozolomide dans les cellules MMR déficientes. Alors que le déficit MMR s'associe à l'acquisition de résistance au témozolomide, des données cliniques et expérimentales suggèrent que les cellules MMR déficientes conservent une sensibilité à la nitrosourée lomustine. De façon inattendue, les gliomes MMR déficients présentaient des caractéristiques uniques, notamment l'absence d'infiltrats lymphocytaires T marqués, une hétérogénéité intratumorale importante, une survie diminuée ainsi qu’un faible taux de réponse aux traitements anti-PD-1. De plus, alors que l'instabilité des microsatellites n'etait pas détectée par des analyses en bulk dans les gliomes MMR déficients, le séquençage du génome entier à l'échelle de la cellule unique de gliome hypermuté post-traitement permettait de démontrer la presence de mutations des microsatellites. Collectivement, ces résultats supportent un modèle dans lequel des spécificités dans le profil mutationnel des gliomes hypermutés pourraient expliquer l’absence de reconnaissance par le système immunitaire ainsi que l’absence de réponse aux traitements par anti-PD-1 dans les gliomes MMR déficients. Nos données suggèrent un changement de pratique selon lequel la recherche d’hypermutation par séquençage tumoral lors de la récidive après traitement pourrait informer le pronostic et guider la prise en charge thérapeutique des patients
High tumor mutational burden (hypermutation) is observed in some gliomas; however, the mechanisms by which hypermutation develops and whether it predicts chemotherapy or immunotherapy response are poorly understood. Mechanistically, an association between hypermutation and mutations in the DNA mismatch-repair (MMR) genes has been reported in gliomas, but most MMR mutations observed in this context were not functionally characterized, and their role in causing hypermutation remains unclear. Furthermore, whether hypermutation enhances tumor immunogenicity and renders gliomas responsive to immune checkpoint blockade (e.g. PD-1 blockade) is not known. Here, we comprehensively analyze the clinical and molecular determinants of mutational burden and signatures in 10,294 gliomas, including 558 (5.4%) hypermutated tumors. We delineate two main pathways to hypermutation: a de novo pathway associated with constitutional defects in DNA polymerase and MMR genes, and a more common, post-treatment pathway, associated with acquired resistance driven by MMR defects in chemotherapy-sensitive gliomas recurring after temozolomide. Experimentally, the mutational signature of post-treatment hypermutated gliomas (COSMIC signature 11) was recapitulated by temozolomide-induced damage in MMR-deficient cells. While MMR deficiency was associated with acquired temozolomide resistance in glioma models, clinical and experimental evidence suggest that MMR-deficient cells retain sensitivity to the chloroethylating nitrosourea lomustine. MMR-deficient gliomas exhibited unique features including the lack of prominent T-cell infiltrates, extensive intratumoral heterogeneity, poor survival and low response rate to PD-1 blockade. Moreover, while microsatellite instability in MMR-deficient gliomas was not detected by bulk analyses, single-cell whole-genome sequencing of post-treatment hypermutated glioma cells demonstrated microsatellite mutations. Collectively, these results support a model where differences in the mutation landscape and antigen clonality of MMR-deficient gliomas relative to other MMR-deficient cancers may explain the lack of both immune recognition and response to PD-1 blockade in gliomas. Our data suggest a change in practice whereby tumor re-sequencing at relapse to identify progression and hypermutation could inform prognosis and guide therapeutic management

Ce mémoire adopte une perspective archivistique afin d'examiner l'art de Robert Rauschenberg, un artiste américain ayant fait ses débuts sur la scène artistique new-yorkaise des années soixante. Il est pertinent de voir les stratégies d’appropriation des artistes des années soixante, dont faisait partie Rauschenberg, comme ayant « mis la table » pour le mouvement des artistes allant puiser dans les archives pour leur pratique artistique, mouvement qui s'est développé depuis la fin des années quatre-vingt et le début des années quatre-vingt-dix. L'ensemble des rapports de l'artiste avec les archives est d'abord étudié. Ensuite, une lecture archivistique d'un corpus d'oeuvres est réalisée afin de mieux comprendre les particularités de l'utilisation des archives par Rauschenberg. Les conditions d'utilisation des archives sont relevées ainsi que la conception des archives comme mémoire, pour se terminer avec les rapports entre les archives et la photographie.
This thesis takes an archival perspective in order to examine the work of Robert Rauschenberg, an American artist who gained notoriety in the New-York art scene of the sixties. It is relevant to see appropriation art strategies by artists like Rauschenberg as a way of having « set up the table » for the archival art movement that would follow, starting in the late eighties and early nineties. The artist's connexions with the archives are first studied. Then, an archival reading of a corpus of his artworks is conducted in order to learn about his particular use of the archives. The conditions of use are raised, along with the conception of archives as memory and, at last, the relationship between archives and photography.

Les archives sont aujourd’hui utilisées et envisagées hors de leur lieu traditionnel qu’est le service d’archives et souvent même hors de l’action des archivistes. Cette thèse de doctorat propose un renversement dialectique benjaminien dans la conception de l’archivistique dont le point central devient l’utilisation des archives définitives plutôt que la production des documents. Les premiers chapitres retracent les différentes compréhensions des archives depuis la création des institutions nationales au 19e siècle jusqu’au renouvellement opéré par certains archivistes se réclamant de la postmodernité à la fin du 20e siècle. Cette histoire des archives et de l’archivistique montre que les archives définitives sont caractérisées au regard du rapport au passé qu’elles permettent et que les archivistes pensent leur objet depuis la question historiographique de l’écriture de l’histoire. Ainsi, deux conceptions générales des archives coexistent aujourd’hui et apparaissent comme essentiellement contradictoires en ce que l’une (traditionnelle) est centrée sur le créateur des documents et le passé compris comme l’ensemble des actes posés par le créateur, tandis que l’autre (postmoderne) se fonde sur les fonctions sociales des archives et sur le rôle de l’archiviste. L’élément commun à ces deux visions est l’absence de prise en charge théorique des utilisateurs et de l’exploitation des documents. Or, en suivant les traces et la pensée de Walter Benjamin, nous proposons de penser la double nature des archives comme documents et comme témoignage tout en articulant cette pensée à l’archive comme modalité d’inscription de soi dans le temps. Il en ressort que les archives peuvent être considérées comme une objectivation du passé relevant d’une temporalité chronologique au cœur de laquelle réside, à l’état latent, l’archive potentiellement libératrice. L’exploitation artistique des archives, telle qu’elle est présentée dans le cinquième chapitre, montre comment la notion d’archives explose. En outre, l’observation de ce type particulier d’exploitation permet de mettre au jour le fait que les archives sont toujours inscrites dans des conditions d’utilisation (contexte, matérialité, dispositif, rapport au public) qui sont autant de conditions d’existence de l’archive. Parmi les questions abordées par les artistes celles de la mémoire, de l’authenticité, des archives comme moyen d’appropriation du monde et comme objet poétique sont alors autant de points d’entrée possibles pour revisiter l’archivistique. Le dernier chapitre synthétise l’ensemble des renouvellements proposés au fil de la thèse de manière implicite ou explicite. Nous y envisageons une temporalité non chronologique où les archives sont un objet du passé qui, saisi par un présent dialectique singulier, sont tournées à la fois vers le passé et vers l’avenir. De nouvelles perspectives sont ouvertes pour l’archivistique à partir des caractéristiques assignées aux archives par les artistes. Finalement, c’est le cycle de vie des archives qui peut être revu en y incluant l’exploitation comme dimension essentielle.
This thesis proposes a dialectical reversal in the archival science concept whose central point is the use of archives rather than the production of records. The first chapters outline the various understandings of the archives since the creation of national institutions in the 19th century until a renewed approach done by some archivists defining themselves as postmodernists in the late 20th century. The history of the archives and the archival science shows two coexistent views which appear as essentially contradictory in that one (traditional) is centered on the creator of the records, and the past understood as the set of actions performed by the creator, while the other (postmodern) is based on the social functions of the archives and the archivist’s role. Following the dialectical thought of Walter Benjamin, the fourth chapter proposes to think the dual nature of archives as documents and testimony while articulating that thought about the archive as a means of inscription of self in time. It appears that the archives can be considered as an objectification of the past within a chronological temporality at the heart of which resides, latently, the archive as a potential emancipator. The artistic use of archives as presented in the fifth chapter shows how this particular type of exploitation highlights the fact that the archives are bound by their conditions of use, which are also the conditions of existence of the archive. Among the issues addressed by the artists, those of memory, authenticity, archives as a means of appropriating the world, and as a poetical object become as many possible entry point to revisit the archival science. The last chapter summarizes all the proposed renewals detailed throughout the thesis. We envision a non-chronological temporality where the archives, objects of the past handled by a singular current dialectic, are being oriented towards both the past and the future. New opportunities are being offered for the archival science from the new properties being assigned to the archives by the artists. Finally, it is the life cycle of the archives itself that can be revised by including the exploitation as a key dimension.

No
There is an ongoing debate about the reasons for and factors contributing to healthcare-associated infection (HAI). Different solutions have been proposed over time to control the spread of HAI, with more focus on hand hygiene than on other aspects such as preventing the aerial dissemination of bacteria. Yet, it emerges that there is a need for a more pluralistic approach to infection control; one that reflects the complexity of the systems associated with HAI and involves multidisciplinary teams including hospital doctors, infection control nurses, microbiologists, architects, and engineers with expertise in building design and facilities management. This study reviews the knowledge base on the role that environmental contamination plays in the transmission of HAI, with the aim of raising awareness regarding infection control issues that are frequently overlooked. From the discussion presented in the study, it is clear that many unknowns persist regarding aerial dissemination of bacteria, and its control via cleaning and disinfection of the clinical environment. There is a paucity of good-quality epidemiological data, making it difficult for healthcare authorities to develop evidence-based policies. Consequently, there is a strong need for carefully designed studies to determine the impact of environmental contamination on the spread of HAI.

Brochures are often used to disseminate information to disadvantaged communities. This study attempts to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of information brochures developed by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) for development communication among developing communities on guidelines on how to grow Bambara groundnut and the cultivation of maize in a South African development context. The main objectives of the study were to establish the target audience’s comprehension, usability and effectiveness of the selected pamphlets. The study also attempted to examine the influence of the demographic and socio-economic factors on the effective communication of information. Usability here refers to the extent to which communication materials such as information pamphlets can be used by specific users to achieve specific goals namely effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context. This study’s main focus is on the distinguishing characteristics of reader focus text evaluation method as outlined in Schriver (1989). Reader focus text evaluation method was used to evaluate the usability of pamphlets in the research conducted among small-scale farmers of Tibane and Kordon at Ga-Matlala district in the Limpopo Province The two pamphlets were evaluated with the intention to establish whether the users understood the contents and whether the message was effectively communicated or not. The findings of the study indicate that the information disseminated by the ARC agricultural pamphlets is not effectively communicated because of the language and the arrangement of pictures or frames used in the pamphlets, which confused most illiterate participants. This ineffective dissemination of development information in rural communities needs to be revised to ensure its effectiveness.
Dissertation (MA (Development Communication))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Information Science
MA
unrestricted

博士
國立東華大學
生命科學系
107
Ovarian cancer was usually accompanied by diffuse abdominal metastases. Recent studies have confirmed that the fallopian tube epithelium, ovarian cancer, and peritoneal cancer in situ with similar molecular characteristics. It has been shown that ovarian cancer originates from the fallopian tube epithelium or peritoneal transformed cells. Previous study was speculated that serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) metastasis becomes diffused ovarian cancer only two years developement. Recently, ''precursors escape'' has been proposed that the spread of fallopian tube epithelium precursor cells that are the possibility of malignant transformation in the abdominal cavity. In addition, most studies indicate that high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) initiates from the STIC. Interestingly, epidemiological investigations have shown that ovarian cancer was found to be associated with the number of ovulation. Normally, the ways of stopping ovulation (e.g., pregnancy and birth control pills) can effectively reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer. Therefore, I suspect that follicular fluid is involved in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of precancerous cells. In my thesis will be separated into two portions. The first part, AIG assay was applied to analyze follicular fluid treatment of fallopian tube epithelial p53-deficient cells for malignant transformation and clonal expansion. The second part, the follicular fluid was used to establish a mouse model of HGSC pathological phenotype. Simultaneously, the confirmation was made that follicular fluid was favorable disseminate TP53-deficient cells and HGSC cells in the peritoneal cavity. Both parts of studies have shown that follicular fluid could promote ovarian cancer via transformation, regeneration(clonal expansion), and peritoneal dissemination through the IGF-axis / IGF1R / p-AKT signaling.

Este trabalho de investigação começou por ser estruturado em torno de quatro grandes capítulos (quatro grandes linhas de orientação temática), todos eles amplamente desenvolvidos no sentido de podermos cartografar alguns dos principais territórios e sintomas da arte contemporânea, sendo certo também, que cada um deles assenta precisamente nos princípios de uma estrutura maleável que, para todos os efeitos, se encontra em processo de construção (work in progress), neste caso, graças à plasticidade do corpo, do espaço, da imagem e do uso criativo das tecnologias digitais, no âmbito das quais, aliás, tudo se parece produzir, transformar e disseminar hoje em dia à nossa volta (quase como se de uma autêntica viagem interactiva se tratasse). Por isso, a partir daqui, todo o esforço que se segue procurará ensaiar uma hipótese de trabalho (desenvolver uma investigação) que, porventura, nos permita desbravar alguns caminhos em direcção aos intermináveis túneis do futuro, sempre na expectativa de podermos dar forma, função e sentido a um desejo irreprimível de liberdade criativa, pois, a arte contemporânea tem essa extraordinária capacidade de nos transportar para muitos outros lugares do mundo, tão reais e imaginários como a nossa própria vida. Assim sendo, há que sumariar algumas das principais etapas a desenvolver ao longo desta investigação. Ora, num primeiro momento, começaremos por reflectir sobre o conceito alargado de «crise» (a crise da modernidade), para logo de seguida podermos abordar a questão da crise das antigas categorias estéticas, questionando assim, para todos os efeitos, quer o conceito de «belo» (Platão) e de «gosto» (Kant), quer ainda o conceito de «forma» (Foccilon), não só no sentido de tentarmos compreender algumas das principais razões que terão estado na origem do chamado «fim da arte» (Hegel), mas também algumas daquelas que terão conduzido à estetização generalizada da experiência contemporânea e à sua respectiva disseminação pelas mais variadas plataformas digitais. Num segundo momento, procuraremos reflectir sobre alguns dos principais problemas da inquietante história das imagens, nomeadamente para tentarmos perceber como é que todas estas transformações técnicas (ligadas ao aparecimento da fotografia, do cinema, do vídeo, do computador e da internet) terão contribuído para o processo de instauração e respectivo alargamento daquilo que todos nós ficaríamos a conhecer como a nova «era da imagem», ou a imagem na «era da sua própria reprodutibilidade técnica» (Benjamin), pois, só assim é que conseguiremos interrogar este imparável processo de movimentação, fragmentação, disseminação, simulação e interacção das mais variadas «formas de vida» (Nietzsche, Agamben). Entretanto, chegados ao terceiro grande momento, interessa-nos percepcionar a arte contemporânea como uma espécie de plataforma interactiva que, por sua vez, nos levará a interpelar alguns dos principais dispositivos metafóricos e experimentais da viagem, neste caso, da viagem enquanto linha facilitadora de acesso à arte, à cultura e à vida contemporânea em geral, ou seja, todo um processo de reflexão que nos incitará a cartografar alguns dos mais atractivos sintomas provenientes da estética do flâneur (na perspectiva de Rimbaud, Baudelaire, Long e Benjamin) e, consequentemente, a convocar algumas das principais sensações decorrentes da experiência altamente sedutora daqueles que vivem mergulhados na órbita interactiva do ciberespaço (na condição de ciberflâneurs), quase como se o mundo inteiro, agora, fosse tão somente um espaço poético «inteiramente navegável» (Manovich). Por fim, no quarto e último momento, procuraremos fazer uma profunda reflexão sobre a inquietante história do corpo, principalmente com o objectivo de reforçar a ideia de que apesar das suas inúmeras fragilidades biológicas (um ser que adoece e morre), o corpo continua a ser uma das «categorias mais persistentes de toda a cultura ocidental» (Ieda Tucherman), não só porque ele resistiu a todas as transformações que lhe foram impostas historicamente, mas também porque ele se soube reinventar e readaptar pacientemente face a todas essas transformações históricas. Sinal evidente de que a sua plasticidade lhe iria conferir, principalmente a partir do século XX («o século do corpo») um estatuto teórico e performativo verdadeiramente especial. Tão especial, aliás, que basta termos uma noção, mesmo que breve, da sua inquietante história para percebermos imediatamente a extraordinária importância dalgumas das suas mais variadas transformações, atracções, ligações e exibições ao longo das últimas décadas, nomeadamente sob o efeito criativo das tecnologias digitais (no âmbito das quais se processam algumas das mais interessantes operações de dinamização cultural e artística do nosso tempo). Em suma, esperamos sinceramente que este trabalho de investigação possa vir a contribuir para o processo de alargamento das fronteiras cada vez mais incertas, dinâmicas e interactivas do conhecimento daquilo que parece constituir, hoje em dia, o jogo fundamental da nossa contemporaneidade.
We began this research paper by structuring it around four large chapters (or four major thematic guidelines) and giving each a broad scope which would allow us to map some of the main territories and symptoms of contemporary art. Each chapter was built precisely upon the principles of a malleable structure which remains, for all intents and purposes, a work in progress, thanks to the plasticity of the body, of the space, of the image and of the creative use of the same digital technologies which now seem to dominate everything that is produced, transformed and disseminated in the world (almost as if it were a true interactive journey). Consequently, from this moment on we will endeavor to try out a working hypothesis (developing a research paper) which might allow us to tame some roads towards the endless tunnels of the future, as we strive to give form, function and meaning to an irrepressible desire for creative freedom; for contemporary art possesses that extraordinary ability of transporting us to many other places in the world which are as real and as imaginary as our own lives. We must therefore outline some of the main steps to be taken during the course of this research. We will begin first by reflecting on the broad concept of “crisis” (the crisis of modernity) so that we can then broach the crisis of the old aesthetical categories, thus questioning the ideas of “beauty” (Plato) and “taste” (Kant) as well as the idea of “form” (Foccilon), not only in an attempt to understand some of the main causes which may have originated the so-called “end of art” (Hegel) but also those which may have led to the generalized aestheticization of the contemporary experience and its corresponding dissemination through a vast array of digital platforms. The second step will be a reflection on some of the major issues raised by the unsettling history of images, in an attempt to understand how the technical transformations linked to the arrival of photography, film, video, computers and the internet may have contributed to the establishment and expansion of what would become known as the new “age of the image”, or as the image in the “age of its technological reproducibility” (Benjamin); only thus will we be able to question the unstoppable process of motion, fragmentation, dissemination, simulation and interaction of a disparity of “forms of life” (Nietzsche, Agamben). Once we arrive at the third broad step, we will want to perceive contemporary art as a type of interactive platform, which in turn will lead us to address some of the key metaphorical and experimental devices of the journey, specifically the journey as a facilitator of access to art, culture and general contemporary life; that is, a reflection process which will encourage us to map some of the most engaging symptoms of flâneur aesthetics (in the views of Rimbaud, Baudelaire, Long and Benjamin), therefore summoning some of the main sensations which arise from the highly seductive experience of those who live immersed in the interactive orbit of cyberspace (in the condition of cyberflâneurs), almost as if the whole world had now become simply a “fully navigable” poetic space (Manovich). Lastly, in the fourth and final step, we will endeavor to make a profound reflection on the disquieting history of the body, mainly aiming to demonstrate that despite its numerous biological fragilities (a being which grows ill and dies), the body remains one of the “most persistent categories in all western culture” (Ieda Tucherman), not only because it has resisted all the transformations which have historically been imposed on it, but also because it knew how to patiently reinvent itself and readjust to all those historical transformations. This was a clear sign that the body’s plasticity would confer it a truly special theoretical and performative status, especially from the 20th century (the “century of the body”) onwards. So special, in fact, that we only need an inkling, however slight, of its disquieting history to understand at once the extraordinary importance of some of its several transformations, attractions, connections and displays throughout the last decades, in particular under the creative effect of digital technologies (which are host to some of the most interesting operations of artistic and cultural motion of our times). In summation, we sincerely hope that this research paper1 may contribute to the expansion of the increasingly uncertain, dynamic and interactive frontiers of our knowledge of what currently seems to be the fundamental game of our contemporaneity.

This paper aims to understand what characteristics are successful in attracting funding from an investor perspective. In order to assess such characteristics a compilation of all legally filled business acquisitions in Africa from 2014 to 2017 was analyzed. Diverse active investors in Africa were approached to understand and identify crucial characteristics they constantly search for. Using a sample of 2,329deals and interviewing diverse investors, research concluded that Africa’s business acquisition is severely underdeveloped due to a lack of funding mainly caused by a difficulty to exit and uncertainty regarding political and macroeconomic stability, as well as poor law enforcement and investment regulations.