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Valls, Marjorie. "Insatisfaction corporelle masculine : relations entre estime de soi, dépression, exposition du corps, influences socioculturelles et troubles des conduites alimentaires." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20016.
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La littérature sur les troubles de l’image du corps et l’alimentation a longtemps mis l’accent sur l’idéal de minceur et la population féminine. Cependant les hommes sont de plus en plus concernés par les préoccupations corporelles. Malgré le nombre croissant de travaux internationaux sur les troubles de l’image du corps et de l’alimentation dans la population masculine, les données françaises sont encore très restreintes. Ce travail à pour objectif d’étudier l’insatisfaction corporelle, l’insatisfaction musculaire et les troubles alimentaires chez les jeunes hommes français.Etude 1 – Objectif : Valider la version française du Body Esteem Scale (BES) chez les jeunes hommes. Un échantillon de 382 jeunes hommes a complété le Body Esteem Scale et le Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. L’analyse factorielle confirmatoire n’a pas révélé une qualité d’ajustement satisfaisante du modèle original à trois facteurs (Apparence, Poids, Attribution). L’analyse factorielle exploratoire a mis en évidence quatre facteurs, le facteur Apparence, le facteur Désir de Changement, le facteur Poids et le facteur Sentiments. Les implications du BES paraissent intéressantes afin de disposer d’un outil d’évaluation de l’estime corporelle masculine approprié, permettant de prendre en compte les relations entre l’estime corporelle négative et la psychopathologie.Etude 2 – Objectifs : Etudier (1) les relations entre l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et l’estime corporelle, (2) le rôle prédictif des médias, des moqueries, de l’estime de soi et de la symptomatologie dépressive sur l’estime corporelle, (3) l’influence de l’estime corporelle sur la gêne corporelle durant les relations sexuelles, (4) la présence de troubles alimentaires chez les hommes et les facteurs de risque. Les questionnaires ont été complétés par un échantillon de 452 jeunes hommes. Les résultats indiquent que (1) la satisfaction envers le poids est la seule dimension liée à l’IMC, (2) les moqueries envers le poids, les pressions médiatiques, l’estime de soi et la dépression sont des prédicteurs significatifs de l’estime corporelle, (3) l’anxiété ressentie à l’égard du corps durant les rapports sexuels est liée à l’estime corporelle, (4) les sentiments envers le corps, l’estime de soi, les moqueries envers le surpoids et les informations diffusées par les médias sont des prédicteurs significatifs des troubles alimentaires. Cette étude montre la nécessité d’évaluer les différentes dimensions de l’insatisfaction corporelle, afin d’avoir une vision globale des troubles de l’image du corps et de l’alimentation spécifiques à la population masculine.Etude 3 – Objectif : Explorer les relations entre l’insatisfaction musculaire, les influences socioculturelles, l’estime de soi, la symptomatologie dépressive et les troubles alimentaires. Un échantillon de 335 jeunes hommes normopondérés a complété des questionnaires évaluant l’influence des médias, la fréquence des moqueries, l’estime de soi, la dépression et les troubles alimentaires. Les résultats indiquent que 84 % des participants sont insatisfaits musculairement. L’indice de masse corporelle est corrélé négativement à l’insatisfaction musculaire. Les liens existant entre l’insatisfaction musculaire, les facteurs socioculturels et individuels sont relativement faibles, suggérant que ces facteurs sont davantage liés à l’estime corporelle. L’insatisfaction musculaire n’est pas plus importante chez les participants présentant un trouble alimentaire probable. Ces résultats évoquent la possibilité que l’insatisfaction corporelle et l’insatisfaction musculaire concernent des dimensions différentes des troubles de l’image du corps.En conclusion : Les résultats de ces trois études participent à la compréhension des troubles de l’image du corps et de l’alimentation dans la population masculine française, et soulignent l’intérêt de poursuivre des recherches afin d’avoir une meilleure connaissance des facteurs qui contribuent à leur développement<br>Historically, the emphasis in body image and eating disorders literature has been on women and thinness. However, men are increasingly struggling with body image concerns. Despite a growing interest in male body dissatisfaction and eating disorders, there is a lack of French studies on this subject. The present research, including three separate studies, aims to investigate body dissatisfaction, muscle dissatisfaction and eating disorders in French young men.Study 1 – Objective: To validate the French version of the Body Esteem Scale (BES) in a sample of French young men. A sample of 382 young men completed the Body Esteem Scale and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. The goodness-of-fit of the three factors model (Appearance, Weight, Attribution) was unsatisfactory. Exploratory factorial analysis yielded four factors (Appearance, Desire of change, Weight, Feelings). BES seems interesting for assessing male body esteem and taking into consideration the relationship between negative body esteem and psychopathology.Study 2 – Objective: To investigate (1) relationships between body mass index (BMI) and body esteem, (2) the relative contributions of media influence, weight-related teasing, self-esteem and depression to body esteem (3) the influence of negative body esteem on physical self-consciousness during sexual relations, (4) the rate of eating disorders and to determine possible risk factors. Questionnaires were completed by 452 young men. Results revealed that (1) BMI seemed to be only related to weight satisfaction (2) weight-related teasing, media pressure, self-esteem and depression were significant predictors of body esteem, (3) there was an association between physical self-consciousness during sexual relations and body esteem, (4) feelings about appearance and weight, self-esteem, overweight-related teasing and media information were significant predictors of eating disorders. This study emphasize the importance of taking into account different dimensions of body esteem for having a more global view of body image and eating disorders in men.Study 3 – Objective: To examine the relationships between muscle dissatisfaction, sociocultural influences, self-esteem, depression and eating disorders. A sample of 335 normal-weighted young men completed questionnaires assessing media influences, weight-related teasing, self-esteem, depression and eating disorders. Muscle dissatisfaction was reported by 84 % of participants. A negative correlation was found between body mass index and muscle dissatisfaction. Sociocultural and individual factors were weakly associated with muscle dissatisfaction, suggesting that these factors were more strongly associated with body esteem. No difference was found for muscle dissatisfaction between participants with and without eating disorders. Results suggest that body dissatisfaction and muscle dissatisfaction are distinct dimensions of body image disorders.Conclusion: The concluding results contribute to the understanding of body image and eating disorders in men, and highlight the importance of obtaining a more precise idea of the factors that play a role in their development
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Josephs, Molly V. "Body Dissatisfaction, Self-Efficacy and Trait Self-Control in NCAA Athletes." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10790218.
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<p> Athletes face a significantly higher risk of developing clinical eating disorders compared to nonathletes (Petrie & Greenleaf, 2007; Sundgot-Borgen & Klugland Torstveit, 2004). One risk factor for the development of eating disorders is body dissatisfaction, which is when an individual has a subjective, negative view of their physical body (Stice & Shaw, 2002). Researchers in the field are calling for future research to examine factors that can be modified and strengthened through targeted interventions. Two such factors are self-efficacy and trait self-control. Self-efficacy is the belief is one’s ability to organize the necessary steps to achieve desired goals (Bandura, 1997). Trait self-control is the enduring ability to interrupt undesired behavioral tendencies and resist acting upon them (Baumeister, Vohs & Tice, 2007). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body dissatisfaction, self-efficacy and trait self-control. One hundred and five NCAA division I and division II athletes completed an online questionnaire containing demographic information and measures for body dissatisfaction, self-efficacy and trait self-control. Pearson correlations found a significant positive relationship between trait self-control and self-efficacy. Significant negative relationships were found between body dissatisfaction and trait self-control and body dissatisfaction and self-efficacy. Additionally, two separate one-way ANOVAs were run assessing the effect of sex and division on body dissatisfaction, self-efficacy and trait self-control. Female athletes were found to have higher amounts of body dissatisfaction than male athletes and athletes in division II schools also had more body dissatisfaction than those in division I schools. Future research should examine differences in the sporting environment as well as instrumentation that better satisfies the needs of male and female athletes.</p><p>
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Örnólfsdóttir, Unnur Ósk. "Swedish women´s self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and health." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-58684.
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Self-reported mental health problems have increased dramatically among young female high school (Swedish: gymnasium) and university students in Sweden since the 1990’s. The reasons for this increase are mostly unknown but self-esteem and body image might be important factors behind this problem. The aim of this study was to test whether self-esteem and body dissatisfaction predict health. All correlation directions were in accordance with previous studies on the subject. There was no age group difference in levels of self-esteem, body dissatisfaction or health among the women. Multiple regression analysis revealed that global self-esteem was the strongest single predictor of health. These results give support for the importance of global self-esteem for subjective health. This should be considered in future studies and in the battle against the development of depression, anxiety and eating disorders among women.
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van, den Berg Patricia. "Self-schema and social comparison explanations of body dissatisfaction." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001281.
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Van, den Berg Patricia. "Self-Schema And Social Comparison Explanations of Body Dissatisfaction." Scholar Commons, 2005. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/892.
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The current study was an investigation of the self-schema and social comparison theories of the development of body dissatisfaction. Social comparison stimuli, consisting of photographs of women, were piloted and selected to form 3 stimuli sets: upward comparison, downward comparison, and no comparison. A priming manipulation consisting of an imagery exercise intended to prime participants appearance self-schema was also piloted. Participants completed state measures of body image and mood at pretest, were given the priming manipulation and the social comparison stimuli, then completed posttest measures of mood and body image, as well as providing demographic information. Results indicated no significant interaction between priming and social comparison and no significant main effect for priming. However, there was a significant effect of social comparison, such that those in the downward comparison condition showed decreased body dissatisfaction and negative mood. Results are discussed in the context of self-schema theory and social comparison, and suggestions are given for future research that might further shed light on these topics.
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Adlard, Leesa. "The relationship between body dissatisfaction of mothers and body dissatisfaction of their adolescent daughters." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11192007-114545.
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Crandall, Sharp Amanda. "The Relationship Between Body Dissatisfaction and Cosmetic Enhancement Surgery." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5455.
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Previous research has indicated an increasing trend toward elective cosmetic surgery to achieve a perceived ideal body image and meet psychological and social needs. However, there remains a gap in the literature regarding the number of procedures performed on a single patient, and the potential that patients may suffer from body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Therefore, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between the number of cosmetic surgeries undergone, level of body dissatisfaction, level of dysmorphic concern, and preoccupation with appearance. Participants included 75 females and 55 males, ranging in age from 18 to 64 years. The majority of participants identified as Caucasian and resided in the United States. Most participants reported having two or three cosmetic surgeries. A multiple regression analysis was run to predict whether dysmorphic concern, body image concern, and/or BDD symptomology predict the number of cosmetic procedures undergone. The first significant finding was that body dissatisfaction, level of dysmorphic concern, and likelihood of BDD predict the number of cosmetic surgeries an individual chooses to undergo. The second significant finding was that the level of body image satisfaction-dissatisfaction as measured by the Body Image Ideal Questionnaire does predict the number of cosmetic procedures undergone. The results from this study provide support for the prerequisite of a psychological screening for cosmetic surgery and thus may contribute to positive social change for the cosmetic surgery community and its patients. Successful implementation of such a screening tool would contribute to social change, particularly for those candidates with diagnosed or undiagnosed mental health concerns.
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Battini, Julie. "Impact psychologique des interventions en chirurgie orthognathique : Insatisfaction postopératoire et personnalité dimensionnelle." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2009/document.
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Objectifs : La chirurgie orthognathique induit un changement de la morphologie du visage. Les effets fonctionnels et esthétiques sont bien connus, mais les répercussions psychologiques sont plus difficiles à explorer. Cette recherche propose d’étudier 1) l’impact de la chirurgie orthognathique sur plusieurs variables psychologiques et sociales et 2) l’impact des traits de personnalité des patients insatisfaits sur l’insatisfaction postopératoire.Méthode : ce travail longitudinal inclut 288 patients devant subir une chirurgie orthognathique. Un auto-questionnaire a été distribué un mois avant l'intervention (T1), trois à six mois après (T2) et un an après (T3). Cinq études ont été menées. les trois premières évaluent l'impact de la chirurgie orthognathique sur la santé mentale (GHQ-28), l'estime de soi (SEI), l'image du corps (MBSRQ et SATAQ), la qualité de la vie (WHOQOL-BREF) et la personnalité (BFI). La quatrième porte sur la validation d'outils de mesure de la satisfaction opératoire. La cinquième décrit les caractéristiques des patients insatisfaits et tente d'identifier des variables prédictives de l'insatisfaction. Résultats : Etude 1. Il existe une amélioration de la dépression sévère à T2 mais il n'y a pas d'amélioration de la santé mentale et de l'estime de soi à T3. L'image du corps est améliorée mais l'ivestissement de l'apparence n'évolue pas et les préoccupations liées au poids augmentent significativement. Etude 2. La qualité de vie est partiellement améliorée (relations sociales et santé physique) mais elle reste inférieure à celle de la population générale. Etude 3. Extraversion, agréabilité et névrosisme sont modifiés à T2 et se rapprochent de leur état initial à T3. La chirurgie améliore l'ouverture mais pas la conscience. Etude 4. Cinq échelles ont été validées afin d'appréhender la satisfaction postopératoire.: 1) échelle de satisfaction postopératoire, échelles de 2) soutien familial et social, 3) améliorations constatées de ma vie, 4) satisfaction liée à l'information et 5) qualité de la relation avec le chirurgien<br>Objectives :Orthognathic surgery induces a change in the morphology of the face. The functional and aesthetic effects are well known, but the psychological effects are more difficult to explore. This research proposes to investigate 1) the impact of orthognathic surgery on several psychological and social variables and 2) the impact of personality traits of dissatisfied patients on postoperative dissatisfaction. Method : this longitudinal research includes 288 patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed one month before orthognathic surgery (T1), three to six months after (T2) and one year after (T3). Five studies were conducted. Three of them assess the impact of orthognathic surgery on mentalhealth (GHQ-28), self-esteem (SEI), body image (MBSRQ and SATAQ), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and personality (BFI). The fourth focuses on the validation of tools for evaluating postoperative satisfaction. The fifth describes the characteristics of dissastisfied patients and attempts to identify predictors of dissatisfaction. Results : Study 1. There is an improvement of severe depression at T2 but there is no improvement of mental health and self-esteem at T3. Body image is improved but appearence orientation does not change and overweight preoccupations significantly increase; Study 2. Quality of life is partially improved (social relationships and physical health) but it remains lower than the general population's. Study 3. Extraversion, agreableness and neuroticism are modified at T2 and close to their original state at T3. The surgery improves openness but not consciousness. Study 4. Five scales have been validated to explore postoperative satisfaction : 1) scale of postoperative satisfaction, scales of 2) familial and social support, 3) improvements seen in my life, 4) satisfaction with the information and 5) quality of relationship with the surgeon
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Kirchmeyer, Richard H. "An Examination of Body Dissatisfaction and Media Exposure." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/126.
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The goal of the current study was to examine the relationship between muscle magazine consumption and body dissatisfaction. The study also examined the relationship between muscle magazine consumption and the amount of disparity between ideal and real body shape. Participants (N = 108) were recruited via study board, and also on a volunteer basis, from a mid-Western university with a population of 20,674 students. The first hypothesis stated that men with greater exposure to muscle magazines would indicate that their actual body shape falls further away from their ideal body shape, in terms of both muscularity and fat level, than men who read fewer magazines that focus on muscle building. The second hypothesis stated that men with greater exposure to muscle magazines would indicate higher levels of body dissatisfaction than men who read fewer magazines focused on muscle building. To evaluate the first hypothesis, a linear regression analysis was conducted to determine whether magazine consumption would predict the distance between real and ideal body shape, in terms of both fat and muscle content. Results did not support the first hypothesis and are not consistent with prior research that showed higher levels of muscle and fitness magazine consumption correlating positively with a greater drive for thinness and a greater drive for muscularity. Results did not support the second hypothesis: greater exposure to muscle magazines did not lead to greater levels of body dissatisfaction. Regression analysis found that there was no predictive relationship between muscle magazine consumption and body dissatisfaction or muscle magazine consumption and greater distance between ideal and real body shapes. Additional t-test analysis found that men who read muscle magazines actually indicated significantly lower levels of dissatisfaction with their bodies than men who did not read muscle magazines; however, that result is restricted to collegiate athletes only.
Results from this study are important in that they indicate, in men, there are other factors involved in determining how individuals end up with increased levels of body dissatisfaction. Prior findings also concluded that men’s concerns with body shape thrive as a combination of multiple constructs involving social, personal, and mass media factors. Although magazine literature has some bearing on body image concern, particularly with women, it is unclear as to whether magazine consumption contributes to its effect on men.
One limitation of this study is that participants reported on the degree to which they were dissatisfied with their bodies. Some individuals may not have acknowledged their level of dissatisfaction with their own bodies. Information based upon self-reporting measures may have been inaccurate due to under or over reporting in surveys. Another limitation of this study, particularly when using the results as a comparison tool toward previous studies, is that the measures used to determine levels of body dissatisfaction differ. Researchers abroad have used different measures to arrive at what would be considered similar conclusions regarding body dissatisfaction. There are multiple measures that can be used to determine a person’s level of satisfaction and drive for muscularity. Some measures are better than others at capturing variable characteristics.
Another important limitation is that muscle magazines only represent one form of media consumption. A study that incorporated other forms of media may be more fruitful in its findings. Therefore, results should be interpreted with caution. However, with everexpanding information technology capabilities, society is increasingly bombarded with information more so than ever before. This study provides additional insight into the question of whether or not more is better. It also identifies a gender difference in the predicting power of magazine consumption and body dissatisfaction.
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Goh, Hong Eng. "A new structural summary of the MMPI-2 for evaluating personal injury claimants." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001434/.
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The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is a popular measure of psychosocial functioning and psychopathology in the assessment of individuals in a variety of settings. However, the method of construction employed with the MMPI more than 60 years ago with psychiatric patients challenges the applicability of the scales for determining the psychosocial functioning of individuals from different settings. The restandardisation conducted in 1987 made no effort to eradicate the item overlap that was a result of the criterion keying method with contrasted groups. Although restandardized and updated with more contemporary language and content, the original psychiatric constructs were retained in order to maintain continuity with its predecessor. The aims of this investigation were to develop a new structure for the MMPI-2 constructed at the item-level, empirically derived and which specifically represents the dimensions that are relevant and appropriate in evaluating the psychosocial functioning of personal injury claimants. This task included comparisons with a comparable scale-level analysis and developing optimal scoring strategies where items in components and facets are allocated weightings based upon their strength of association. Study 1 was conducted using a sample of 2989 personal injury claimants assessed in Australia and the United States of America. The final sample of 3230, included 241 normal individuals, was utilized to develop a scale-level structure from 79 standard MMPI-2 scales and subscales. A nine-component solution consisting of General Maladjustment /Emotional Distress, Asocial Beliefs, Social Vulnerability, Somatic Complaints, Psychological Disturbance, Impulsive Expression, Antisocial Practices, Stereotypic Fears and Family Difficulties was derived using principal component analysis. However, intercorrelation between components in the structure signaled the need to develop a structure that would eradicate problems that were perpetuated by item overlap. The second study was conducted with a set of best practice procedures with the same clinical sample of 2989 personal injury claimants as Study 1. Forty-one components were derived through principal component analysis. Through the application of a set of criteria, a 35-component solution was retained. The pattern coefficients from the allocation of items to components determined the weightings to be applied to each item. Further analysis of the 35 components derived a substructure of 37 facets. The 35 components included only 442 of the 567 items, with the reliability coefficients of the first 25 components that ranged between .5 and .97, and the remaining 10 components that ranged from .29 to .49. The latter unreliable components were not included in the final Structural Summary, leaving 25 components (400 items) and their 33 facets for interpretation. Hence, in demonstrating the utility of the newly-derived structure, only 25 components and their 33 facets were interpreted. The 25 components were grouped conceptually into six domains. In the emotional domain were Psychological Distress (PsyDist), Anger, Fears, Psychotic Symptoms (PsyS), Paranoia (Par), Irritability (Irrit), Elation (Elat), Fear of the Dark (FD), and Financial Worry (FinWo). Somatic Complaints (SomC), Sexual Concerns (SexCon), and Gastrointestinal Problems (GasP) made up the measures in the physiological domain. In the behavioural domain were Cognitive Difficulties (CogDiff), Stimulus-Seeking (StimuS), Discipline (Dis), and Delinquency (Del) whilst the interpersonal domain was formed by Social Withdrawal (SoW), Negative Interpersonal Attitude (NIA), Timidity (Tim), Lie, Dissatisfaction with Self (DWS) and Family Relationship Difficulties (FReD). Alcoholism (Alco) was the only measure in the substance abuse domain, and the gender domain was comprised of Masculinity (Mas) and Femininity (Fem). The third study established preliminary normative means and standard deviations using a small opportunistic Australian university student sample (N = 219). No substantial gender differences were found but gender norms were maintained to facilitate comparisons with the traditional MMPI-2 approach. Comparisons of frequency of 'true' item response between the Australian university student sample and the U.S. restandardisation sample found relatively little differences and permitted evaluation of between sample differences on components and facets. The utility of the structure was demonstrated with the illustration of two clinical case examples, and a comparison was made with the standard MMPI-2 scales and subscales. The Structural Summary for the MMPI-2 demonstrated discriminative measures of psychosocial functioning that were a result of no item overlap, and the ability to attend to the different levels of intensity of self-report items because of differential weightings.
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Parnell, Reid. "The Influence of Self-Esteem and Body Dissatisfaction on Muscle Dysmorphia and Exercise Dependence." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84263/.
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Using the psycho-behavioral model as a conceptual framework, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, muscle dysmorphia, and exercise dependence among college men. Participants (n = 110) completed surveys including a demographic questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Body Part Satisfaction Scale, Drive for Muscularity Scale, and Exercise Dependence Scale-21. No significant relationship was found between self-esteem and muscle dysmorphia. A significant correlation was found between body dissatisfaction and muscle dysmorphia, as well as between muscle dysmorphia and exercise dependence. These results partially support the psycho-behavioral model of muscle dysmorphia.
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Caplan, Matthew A. "The Relationship Between Gay Male Romantic Relationships,Self- esteem, Internalized Homonegativity, and Body Dissatisfaction." Thesis, Alliant International University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10973930.
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<p> Global self-esteem is a central component of the self, and research has consistently demonstrated its influence on relationship quality. Literature has also shown that self-evaluations of one’s perceived social acceptability and physical attractiveness are especially important to one’s evaluation of oneself and one’s relationships. Internalized homonegativity and body dissatisfaction–particularly evident among gay males–share many similarities with some domains of self-esteem and have also been linked with relationship quality. However, less is known about these two variables and how they influence the relationship quality of gay men. This study examined whether global self-esteem and the variables particularly relevant to gay men, internalized homonegativity and body dissatisfaction, were associated with the relationship quality among gay men, while controlling for three relationship-related demographic variables: cohabitation status (whether the couple is living together or apart), relationship status (whether the relationship is open or closed), and number of partners. The dependency regulation model and sociometer theory provided the theoretical context for this study. A sample of 147 gay male participants were recruited through online advertisements to complete anonymous surveys assessing relationship quality, global self-esteem, internalized homonegativity, and body dissatisfaction. Three hypotheses were tested using a hierarchical linear regression model. The results demonstrated that global self-esteem, internalized homonegativity, and body dissatisfaction each significantly predicted relationship quality; however, global self-esteem was nonsignificant when examined concurrently with internalized homonegativity. The clinical implications of this study were explored, and suggestions were made for future stories to explore this topic with a more diverse population sample (e.g., drawing from different ethnic groups, greater variation in age across the lifespan, and both rural and urban communities) as well as possibly using a relatively new measure, the Gay and Lesbian Relationship Satisfaction Scale (GLRSS), which has been developed specifically for the gay and lesbian populations. </p><p>
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Damon, Shimeka. "Relationships Among Body Image Dissatisfaction, Body-Enhancing Behaviors, and Self-Esteem in Adult Males." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3761.
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Body image dissatisfaction (BID) is increasing among U.S. men and is associated with body-enhancing behaviors that threaten physical health, such as excessive dieting and exercising. A research gap was identified about the relationships between men's body image dissatisfaction, body-enhancing behaviors, and the possible mediating effect of self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among body image dissatisfaction, body-enhancing behaviors, and self-esteem in adult males. Sociocultural and social comparison theory served as the theoretical frameworks for this study, which included 103 participants recruited through a university participant pool and gyms. Participants completed questionnaires including the Body-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Exercise Dependence Scale-21, Revised Restraint Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. Correlational and regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between all constructs and to test self-esteem as the mediating variable. A mediation model showed a relationship between dieting and self-esteem and BID in that high BID was related to low self-esteem. However, self-esteem did not mediate the relationship between diet and exercise. Findings indicated a significant relationship between higher BID and lower self-esteem. Results also indicated a significant relationship between BID and dieting. Results may be used to improve the lives of men affected by BID by informing them about factors that may affect BID and/or self-esteem. Enhancing the understanding of males' low self-esteem and body image may help researchers and practitioners develop more effective interventions.
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Conaway, Rebecca R. "Self-discrepancy as a mediator in the relationship between adult attachment and body dissatisfaction." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1304014728.
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Stout, M. Lisa. "The influence of sexual orientation, and gender on body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, collective self-esteem, and eating disorders symptons /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9998518.
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Buchholz, Laura J. "BODY IMAGE DISSATISFACTION AND THE USE OF COMPENSATORY BEHAVIORS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENT DRINKERS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1329495430.
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Bair, Carrie. "Relations Among Media, Eating Pathology and Body Dissatisfaction in College Women." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2359.
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Research has identified a relation between exposure to thin-ideal magazine and television media images and eating disorder pathology. However, few studies have examined the potential influence of Internet media on eating disorder behaviors and attitudes. This study investigated the associations among appearance-orientated media exposure, body dissatisfaction, eating pathology and thin-ideal internalization in a sample of 421 female undergraduate students. Results indicate that undergraduate women spend significantly more time viewing appearance-oriented sources online, rather than reading appearance-orientated magazines. Appearance-oriented Internet consumption was also more strongly associated with eating disorder pathology than was use of other media (television and magazines). Relations between appearance-orientated media use (all types) and body dissatisfaction was mediated by thin-ideal internalization. These findings are consistent with those of previous research, and highlight the vulnerability individuals high in thin-ideal internalization might have following media exposure. They also suggest that Internet media might be an important topic to include in eating disorders prevention and treatment.
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Clancy, Sara Elysia. "The effects of yoga on body dissatisfaction, self-objectification, and mindfulness of the body in college women." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2010/S_Clancy_050710.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, August 2010.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 29, 2010). "Department of Education Leadership and Counseling Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-100).
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Mancuso, Serafino G. "The role of self-objectification, gender role orientation, perfectionism, and reasons for exercise in male body dissatisfaction." Swinburne Research Bank, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/4476.
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Thesis (BA(Hons) (Psychology)) - Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.<br>"October 2006". A thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Arts in Psychology (Honours), Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript.
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Mamabolo, Mokgaetji Philistus. "Self-objectification, cultural identity, body dissatisfaction, and health-related behaviours among female among female African University Students." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3069.
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Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo,2019<br>Sociocultural pressures, including the thin-ideal internalization, and other aspects of self-objectification, are associated with body dissatisfaction. However, there is limited research regarding the association between self-objectification and engagement in health related behaviours among African females. A quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 411 female African university students from the University of Limpopo, South Africa to investigate the relationship between internalisation of sociocultural beauty standards and body dissatisfaction and engagement in health related behaviours. The study further explored whether cultural identity would moderate the relationship between internalisation of socio-cultural beauty standards and both body dissatisfaction and engagement in health related behaviours. Structural equation modelling (SEM) suggested that internalization of socio-cultural beauty standards significantly predicted students’ body satisfaction. No statistically significant relationship was found between internalization of socio-cultural beauty standards and engagement in health related behaviours. Also, cultural identity did not moderate the relationship between self-objectification and both body dissatisfaction and engagement in health related behaviours. This being a single study, further research is required to determine the relationship between the variables.
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McLagan, Beverley May. "Self-esteem components in eating disordered women : body-image disturbance, body dissatisfaction, and cultural and individual body shape ideals." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28170.
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This study examined the differences between eating disordered and non-eating disordered women on self-deficits, specifically self-esteem, body-image disturbance, and body dissatisfaction. In addition, the existence of a cultural and individual ideal body shape was investigated. It was expected that eating disordered women, compared to non-eating disordered women would exhibit lower self-esteem, higher body dissatisfaction and a greater degree of body overestimation (as measured by the waist). Furthermore, it was expected that eating disordered women would choose a thinner cultural and individual ideal shape than the non-eating disordered women.
The subjects were 82 females aged 19 to 40 years. The eating disordered group was recruited from a local support group and subjects met either the DSM-III (1980) criteria for anorexia nervosa, or Russell's (1979) criteria for bulimia nervosa. None of these subjects were hospitalized at the time of testing. Non-eating disordered subjects were nursing students recruited from a local college. The Eating Attitudes Test was administered to these subjects as a screening device to ensure that no subjects were included who had a mild eating disorder. All subjects completed a test package: The Eating Attitudes Test; The Adult Self-Perception Profile; The Eating Disorder Inventory; and a demographic sheet. At a second interview, subjects completed a body-image estimation procedure (Askevold, 1975), the cultural and individual ideal questions (Perceived Body Image Scale, Manley & LePage, 1986), and were weighed and measured for height.
A one-way multivariate analysis of variance was computed for measures of self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and body-image disturbance, examining differences between the two groups. Significant differences were found for self-esteem and body dissatisfaction (p < .001), with body-image disturbance approaching significance (p < .06). An investigation of the means revealed that eating.disordered women showed less self-worth, more ineffectiveness and experienced greater body dissatisfaction, than did non-eating disordered women. While body-image disturbance was present in both groups, the eating disordered group showed a slightly greater tendency to overestimate
their waist area than did the non-eating disordered group. A Chi square analysis computed for the cultural and individual ideals revealed the eating disordered group chose a significantly thinner cultural ideal shape (p < .05) and individual ideal shape (p < .001) than the non-eating disordered group. Both groups chose a very narrow range of acceptable female shapes to represent the cultural and individual ideal body shapes. Implications for these results and suggestions for future research are discussed.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of<br>Graduate
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Kahrs, Juliana L. "Exercise Stage of Change, Body Dissatisfaction, and Self-Esteem: Changes in First Year Students Across the First Semester." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1407079647.
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Peck, Katy E. "The impact of media literacy and self-affirmation interventions on body dissatisfaction in women : an eye tracking study." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808624/.
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Objective : The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of an airbrushing and self-affirmation interventions which were theorised to inhibit social comparison and internalisation processes in order to reduce body dissatisfaction in women. Changes were also anticipated in eye movement data after either intervention when participants viewed normal, underweight and overweight media images. Participants: Fifty-eight women (74.1% white) completed self-report measures of body dissatisfaction, social comparison and internalisation of the thin-ideal at three time points. Design: Participants were randomly assigned to the airbrushing, self-affirmation interventions or control condition. Eye movement data assessed the extent to which participants viewed the media images of normal, underweight and overweight images pre and post-intervention and 4-6 weeks later. Findings: Results indicated that body dissatisfaction and internalisation were significantly reduced as an immediate effect of the airbrushing and self-affirmation intervention however this effect was not maintained at follow-up. Receiving either the airbrushing or self-affirmation intervention had no impact on social comparison scores, and glance duration towards underweight media images compared to the control group. Implications: Together, these findings suggest that the airbrushing and self-affirmation interventions were successful at immediately blocking the effects of the media which provides an evidence base for using a brief intervention to reduce body dissatisfaction in women. However, more exploration needs to be addressed in future research to ascertain how the benefits of utilising eye movement data can be reliably incorporated into a design and how the benefits of these interventions can be maintained beyond follow-up.
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Walker, Caitlin. "An investigation of the impact of pro-anorexia website exposure on women's self-esteem, body esteem and body dissatisfaction." Swinburne Research Bank, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/4483.
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Thesis (BA(Hons) (Psychology)) - Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.<br>"October 2006". A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Postgraduate Diploma of Psychology, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript.
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Vincent, Maureen Anne, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "BODY DISSATISFACTION AND BODY CHANGE STRATEGIES AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A LONGITUDINAL INVESTIGATION." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040906.135500.
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This thesis examined body dissatisfaction and body change behaviors among adolescent girls and boys from a biopsychosocial framework. The contribution of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors were examined in relation to body dissatisfaction, weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors among early adolescent girls and boys. In particular, pubertal maturation, body mass index (BMI), perception of body shape and size and psychological factors, such as depression, anxiety, ineffectiveness, self-esteem and perfectionism, were examined as possible factors that may precipitate or maintain body dissatisfaction and engagement in body change strategies. The sociocultural factors evaluated were the quality of family and peer relationships, as well as the influence of family and peers in predicting the adoption of specific body change strategies. The specific mechanisms by which these influences were transmitted were also examined. These included perceived discussion, encouragement and modelling of various body change strategies, as well as perceived teasing about body shape and size.
A number of separate cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were conducted to examine the above relationships and identify the factors that contribute to weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors in adolescents. Study 1 examined the psychometric properties and principal components structure of the Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT-R; Thelen, Farmer, Wonderlich, & Smith, 1991) to assess its applicability to adolescent samples. Study 2 investigated the nature of body dissatisfaction and weight loss
behaviors among 603 adolescents (306 girls and 297 boys) using a standardised questionnaire. This preliminary study was conducted to ascertain whether variables previously found to be relevant to adolescent girls, could also be related to the development of body dissatisfaction and weight loss behaviors among adolescent boys.
Studies 3 and 4 described the development and validation of a body modification scale that measured weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors. Studies 5 and 6 were designed to modify an Excessive Exercise Scale developed by Long, Smith, Midgley, and Cassidy (1993) into a shorter form, and validate this scale with an adolescent sample. Study 7 investigated the factors that contribute to weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle among adolescent girls and boys both cross-sectionally and longitudinally (over one year). Structural equation modelling was used to examine associations among self-reported body dissatisfaction, body change strategies and a range of biological, psychological and sociocultural variables both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
Overall, the results suggested that both girls and boys experience body dissatisfaction and engage in a number of different body change strategies in order to achieve an ideal size. A number of gender similarities and differences were identified in the expression of body dissatisfaction and the adoption of body change strategies for both girls and boys. Girls were more likely than boys to report body dissatisfaction and engage in weight loss behaviors, while boys were more likely than girls to engage in weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors. Generally, the same factors were found to contribute to weight
loss, and more specifically, bulimic symptomatology, ad weight gain in both adolescent girls and boys. While a combination of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors contributed to bulimic symptomatology, only biological and psychological factors were found to contribute to weight gain in adolescents. The most notable gender differences were found in the model of increased muscle tone. Sociocultural and biological factors contributed to increased muscle tone behaviors in girls, while sociocultural and psychological factors were implicated in these behaviors in adolescent boys. With the exception of the model of increased muscle tone for boys, body dissatisfaction was a consistent factor in the adoption of body change behaviors. Consistent with previous investigations, the present thesis provides empirical support for the need to examine the etiology and maintenance of such concerns and behaviors from a multifaceted perspective.
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Lindner, Danielle M. "Social comparison, self-objectification, and objectification of others investigating the vicious cycle that leads to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4644.
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The purpose of this study was to test a new theoretical model that integrates self-objectification, objectification of others, and social comparison as contributors to the development and maintenance of body image disturbance and disordered eating behavior. Within the new theoretical model, self-objectification, objectification of others, and social comparison are conceptualized as a self-perpetuating cycle, rather than as processes that occur independently of one another. Four hundred fifty-nine female college students between the ages of 18 and 32 completed measures of self-objectification, objectification of others, social comparison, body shame, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder symptomatology. Structural equation modeling with nested model comparisons was used to examine the fit of the new theoretical model relative to less complex models which contain only relationships which have received previous attention in the research literature (e.g., the relationship between self-objectification and body shame). Results indicated that the new theoretical model demonstrates good fit for the data and that the fit of this model is significantly better than the original model suggested by the literature. Hierarchical multiple regression and mediational analyses also provided support for the interplay between objectification and social comparison. Implications for clinical work as well as theory and measurement will be discussed.<br>ID: 030423186; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-110).<br>M.S.<br>Masters<br>Department of Psychology<br>Sciences<br>Clinical Psychology
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Emerson, Ellen N. "The Efficacy of a Self-Administered Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Program for Body Image Dissatisfaction in Women with Subclinical Bulimia Nervosa." DigitalCommons@USU, 1995. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6080.
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Subjects for this study were 40 women (N= 40) with subclinical bulimia nervosa who were randomly assigned to either a Cognitive Behavioral Treatment group (CBT) or to a waiting list control group. Treatment was provided for 8 weeks in an individual, self-administered format, using an audio-taped treatment package for Body Image Dissatisfaction (BID). Cognitive behavioral treatment focused on changing negative thoughts and feelings about one's body. No specific treatment focused on changing eating symptomatology or concomitant symptoms, although these were assessed. The waiting list control condition received assessment, followed by 8 weeks of no treatment. Treatment outcome measures were three self-report scales that assessed BID and two measures that assessed eating symptomatology and concomitant symptoms. At posttest, treated subjects showed improvement on two of three measures of BID, with a trend towards improvement on the third measure, when compared to waiting list control subjects. Treated subjects also showed a trend towards improved eating symptomatology and concomitant symptoms such as depression and anxiety, relative to waiting list control subjects. The results indicated that CBT is effective for decreasing BID in women with subclinical bulimia nervosa when administered in a self-directed manner.
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Greenberg, Stefanie Teri Cochran Sam Victor Altmaier Elizabeth M. "An investigation of body image dissatisfaction among Jewish American females an application of the tripartite influence model /." Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/368.
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Azizi, Maria, and Hilda Scott. "Användning av Instagram : Självkänsla och kroppsmissnöje." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35963.
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Tidigare forskning har funnit ett samband mellan sociala medier och attityder till sig själv. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan användningen av Instagram, självkänsla och kroppsmissnöje samt om det finns några könsskillnader eller åldersskillnader avseende detta. Sammanlagt besvarade 232 gymnasister och högskolestudenter enkäten som mätte användning av Instagram samt graden av självkänsla respektive kroppsmissnöje. Av deltagarna var 132 kvinnor. Resultaten visade att det inte fanns något samband mellan användningen av Instagram och graden av självkänsla respektive kroppsmissnöje, vilket strider mot tidigare forskning. Vidare visade resultaten på att lägre grad av självkänsla var relaterad med högre grad av kroppsmissnöje. Gällande detta visades en könsskillnad, där kvinnor hade lägre självkänsla och högre kroppsmissnöje än män. Detta resultat stödjer tidigare forskning som har påvisat samma resultat. Studien bidrar med ökad kunskap om användningen av Instagrams betydelse för individers attityder till sig själva.
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Boyce, Jessica Anne. "Experimental Exposure to Ideal-Body Media Images: Restrained Eaters' Self-Evaluation, Mood and Food Intake." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7803.
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The mass media project a thin “ideal” female body type (ideal-body media; IBM) onto young women. Sociocultural theorists propose that, through processes of internalisation and social comparison, IBM-exposure promotes negative body satisfaction and unhealthy eating behaviour. In three experiments, I investigated how IBM-exposure affected restrained eaters. Restrained eaters are women who are trying to lose weight by attempting to restrict their food intake. Previous researchers have found that restrained eaters perceive and process body-related information more readily than others do. The literature surrounding restrained eaters’ IBM-related self-evaluations and food intake is inconsistent. Some researchers have found restrained eaters to report positive self-evaluative effects and others have not. Furthermore, the majority of researchers report that viewing IBM triggers restrained eaters’ eating. However, this effect is not always replicated and this might be because restrained eaters have been identified with different restraint scales. To test this idea, I used two conceptually different dietary restraint scales throughout the current experiments: the concern for dieting subscale of the Restraint Scale (RS-CD) and the Dietary Intent Scale (DIS). Furthermore, because some researchers have argued that participants within previous (non-restraint) studies reported negative IBM-effects because they thought that they were meant to be negatively affected (i.e., demand characteristics), reducing these demands was a focus throughout the current experiments. In Study 1, demand characteristics were minimised by employing implicit outcome measures and by incorporating a two-study pre-text to separate the experimental manipulation from the explicitly measured dependent variables. Under the guise of a hunger and memory study, restrained and unrestrained eaters (N = 107) were required to concentrate on a slideshow of IBM- or Control-images for 2-minutes and complete an associated memory test (i.e., advertent attention). Restrained eaters (RS-CD and DIS) exposed to IBM reported negative effects (e.g., mood). However, IBM-exposure did not trigger their food intake in an unrelated taste test with M&Ms. I interpreted these findings alongside control theory. This is the theory that goal-related negative affect encourages increased goal-performance. I reasoned that paying advertent attention to the IBM caused goal-related negative affect, which triggered goal effort (i.e., dietary restraint). This theory was further tested in Study 2. The same manipulation was used in Study 2 (N = 268), which was touted as a study about participants’ personality and task performance. Here, I aimed to test restrained eaters’ implicit approach and avoidance tendencies toward diet and food stimuli. Therefore, a joystick lexical decision task (LDT) was used instead of a taste test. Restrained eaters’ self-evaluations (e.g., self-esteem) were not significantly affected by being in different experimental conditions. However, restrained eaters (RS-CD) in the IBM-condition avoided high-calorie food words during the LDT significantly faster than other participants did. These results (Studies 1 and 2) differed from previous research. This difference was attributed to the high level of advertent attention participants paid to the IBM in my experiments. Therefore, in Study 3, I manipulated participants’ attention levels. Participants (N = 171) were made to believe that the experimental slideshow and LDT were part of a task performance study. Although participants who were assigned to the Inadvertent- and Advertent-Attention conditions were exposed to the same slideshow (IBM- or Neutral-images), the experimenter did not ask participants in the Inadvertent-condition to focus on the slideshow. After this experimental manipulation, participants completed the joystick LDT. Subsequently, they completed a second unrelated study about personality and the five human senses (e.g., taste, touch, etcetera). All participants were randomly assigned to the taste-condition and completed a taste test. Inconsistent with my previous results, I did not obtain significant self-evaluation or LDT results. Furthermore, restrained eaters (RS-CD) who paid advertent attention to the IBM consumed more food than others consumed during the taste test. In comparison, restrained eaters were buffered from this effect if they had paid inadvertent attention to the IBM-images. When comparing these (nonsignificant and significant) results with previous research, it seems that restrained eaters’ IBM-responses are highly specific to environmental and/or experimental settings. I developed a preliminary theory to predict restrained eaters’ behaviour. This theory takes into account participants’ restraint status, restraint success, IBM-related attention and their eating-related attention.
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Davis-Waddle, Leslie Alison. "An Integrated Model of Eating Disorder Risk and Protective Factors: Implications for Research and Treatment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3594.
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Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors are significant public health concerns, especially among college-age women. Despite extensive research, the complex nature of disordered eating and its etiology has prevented a satisfactory predictive model from being developed and validated and has therefore hindered the development of effective prevention and intervention strategies. This study aimed to integrate four of the most common etiological theories into a model to predict disordered eating behaviors. Bivariate correlations and moderation analyses were conducted to determine the strength of relationships between variables and to determine whether a protective factor (i.e., self-compassion) moderates the effects of risk factors (i.e., media exposure, thin-ideal internalization, negative affect) on body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and bulimic behaviors. Results indicated that there were correlations between negative affect, thin-ideal internalization, and disordered eating behaviors. Contrary to hypotheses, media exposure had significant relationships with both bulimia and body dissatisfaction but was not significantly associated with thin-ideal internalization. Broadly, negative affect and thin-ideal internalization predicted disordered eating behaviors. Finally, self-compassion did not emerge as a consistent moderator of the relationship between the three risk factors and disordered eating behaviors – except with drive for thinness. Findings have potential implications for mental and physical healthcare interventions to reduce symptom experiences and increase well-being.
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Grabe, Shelly. "Body image dissatisfaction and women's HIV-related sexual risk taking : the mediating roles of negative affect and sex motives in a longitudinal community sample /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144419.
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Bicheler, Carly S. "Self-Determined Non-Conformity, Feminine Gender Roles, and Feminist Ideals as Resistance Factors Against Internalization of the Thin Ideal Body and Body Dissatisfaction." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1226499111.
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Borg, Rebecca. "Tonåriga pojkars självkänsla och kroppsmissnöje : Har massmedia, extraversion och BMI någon betydelse?" Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10644.
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Tidigare forskning kring pojkars självkänsla och kroppsmissnöje i relation till massmedieanvändning, extraversion och BMI har utfallit något olika och är inte lika omfattande som forskningen kring flickor. Syftet med denna undersökning var att ta reda på om massmedia, extraversion och BMI har betydelse för tonåriga pojkars självkänsla och kroppsuppfattning. Kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätundersökning användes. Sjuttiotvå gymnasiestuderande pojkar besvarade enkäten som innehöll instrument för att mäta BMI, extraversion, kroppsmissnöje, massmedieanvändning och självkänsla. Resultatet visade att massmedieanvändning inte korrelerar med vare sig självkänsla eller kroppsmissnöje. Extraversion hade däremot betydelse för självkänsla; ju högre grad av extraversion desto högre självkänsla hade deltagarna. BMI hade betydelse för kroppsmissnöje enligt EDE-Q (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire); ju högre BMI desto högre kroppsmissnöje.
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Robinson, Sabrina Joann. "Psychosocial outcomes of weight stigma among college students." Scholar Commons, 2009. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2169.
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Overweight and obesity are important public health issues in the United States with more than 60% of US adults overweight or obese. The social consequences of being overweight and obese are serious and pervasive. Individuals who are overweight and obese are often the targets of bias and stigma and thus susceptible to negative attitudes. Obesity and weight stigma have been linked to low self-esteem, higher rates of depressive symptoms, body dissatisfaction and poor psychological adjustment. Although weight stigma is a problem in the general population, it is more consequential among adolescents due to mental and physical developmental changes. Therefore college students were used in this study because they are considered older adolescent (ages 18-21). The goals of this study were to examine the association between weight status, weight stigma, self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms.
These associations were examined using multiple linear regression and linear meditational analysis. This study found (1) that overweight and obese individuals experience more stigma than their normal weight and underweight counterparts, (2) weight stigma has a negative effect on body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms among overweight and obese individuals, (3) self-esteem differed based on perceived weight status, and (4) weight stigma differed among overweight and obese individuals based on self-esteem. Overall, the psychosocial outcomes of weight stigma are greater for individuals at higher levels of weight. It was found that state self-esteem strongly mediated the relationship between weight and stigma in the prediction of depressive symptoms and body dissatisfaction with the greatest impact for depressive symptoms.
Low self-esteem and social support reveal that individuals with low self-esteem experience greater negative psychosocial outcomes as well as those with little or no support unable to buffer stigmatizing experiences and have greater negative psychosocial outcomes. In general, the consequences of weight stigma are as real as the medical consequences of obesity. We are called to protect the psychosocial health of college students.
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Murphy, Megan J. "Post-sexual Assault Functioning: A Prospective Examination of the Moderating Effects of Healthy Lifestyle Variables." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1275580689.
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Boepple, Leah. "The Effect of Colorist Images on Appearance Concerns of Black Women." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5913.
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American culture supports a colorist system that values lighter skin tones in women of color, and these norms are communicated in some part by images present in our society. Previous research has not explored the impact that colorist images may have on the psychological health and appearance concerns of women of color. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether exposure to images of Black women who more closely meet colorist beauty standards (i.e., lighter skin) would negatively impact women’s psychological health and general appearance concerns. It was hypothesized that participants exposed to colorist images of Black women would experience greater increased negative affect, skin tone dissatisfaction, and appearance concerns; and greater decreased self-esteem. It was hypothesized that these relationships would be weaker in Black women who self-identify more closely with their ethnic background. It was further hypothesized that these relationships would be stronger in women with higher levels of internalization, poorer satisfaction with their skin tone, darker skin tones, greater desire for lighter skin, and lower trait levels of self-esteem. Results suggest images of Black women with varying skin tones do not impact the appearance concerns, negative affect, or self-esteem of Black women exposed to such images. However, trait self-esteem, self- identification with Black values, skin tone dissatisfaction and desired skin tone were found to moderate these relationships. This study makes an important contribution to the area of appearance and body image concerns specific to women of color. The dissemination of this research may contribute to the improvement of body dissatisfaction constructs specific to women of color.
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Dionisio, Nicole J. "The Effect of Objectified Images in the Media on the Development of Body Dissatisfaction and Depressive Symptoms in Filipino American Women." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2968.
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Although Filipinos are becoming one of the largest Asian groups in the U.S there is limited research regarding mental health challenges Filipino women experience specifically regarding body satisfaction and self-image. The goal of this explorative qualitative study was to explore the relationship between objectified images of women in the media and the reported levels of body dissatisfaction in a sample of 8 American-born Filipino women and 8 Philippine-born Filipino women. Objectification theory was used to guide this research and levels of sociocultural influences, body satisfaction, and body consciousness were explored through a qualitative research design using statements from the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3, the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, and the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale. Participants were interviewed individually and the data were coded in order to determine patterns and themes. Results revealed that the Philippine-born participants relied more on images in the media than the American-born participants of the study in relation to what is attractive and fashionable. However as a whole, the data found that the majority of the participating women felt comfortable with their bodies and physical appearance. The results of this study could help create greater awareness of the issues that Filipino American women deal with in relation to their bodies and self-image through the development of initiatives to treat Filipino American women who may be suffering from mental health issues due to objectification as culturally Filipinos typically do not seek psychological intervention. If programs could be designed specifically for Filipinos targeting issues with body satisfaction, fewer Filipinos may be affected by poor body-image.
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Kim, Hyejeong. "The impact of body image self-discrepancy on body dissatisfaction, fashion involvement, concerns with fit and size of garments, and loyalty intentions in online apparel shopping." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Shephard, Sonia Lee. "The Sociocultural Model of Eating Disorders in New Zealand Women: Family Food-Related Experiences and Self-Compassion as Moderators." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7261.
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Eating disorders are debilitating psychiatric conditions which often result in severe impairment in many life domains. The sociocultural model specifies mechanisms through which sociocultural pressure leads to eating pathology among young women (Stice, 1994) and posits that exposure to the Western cultural thin ideal, internalization of the ideal and experience of a difference between self and ideal leads to body dissatisfaction, which is a well validated precursor to eating pathology. The current research examined whether the relationships between awareness of Western appearance ideals, internalization of such ideals, and body dissatisfaction
were moderated by family food-related experiences and self-compassion. The current paper also investigated whether the strength of relationships between awareness of Western appearance ideals, internalization of such ideals, and body dissatisfaction are affected by certain types of family food-related experiences. Female university students (N = 106) completed self-report questionnaires. Results indicated that mindfulness, a constituent of self-compassion, moderated
the relationship between internalization of cultural thinness standards and body dissatisfaction. In addition, self-compassion, each component of self-compassion and women’s perception of negative maternal family food-related experiences predicted internalization of Western societal
norms of thinness, as well as body dissatisfaction. Moreover, women’s perception of negative paternal family food-related experiences predicted body dissatisfaction. Women’s perception of negative maternal commentary predicted internalization of Western beauty standards and body
dissatisfaction. Finally, women’s perception of negative paternal commentary and paternal modelling of eating difficulties and body image concerns predicted internalization of those values. Future research should attempt to clarify causal relationships among self-compassion and family food-related experiences within the sociocultural model of eating disorders.
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Garcia-Rea, Elizabeth Ann. "Acculturation and Sociocultural Influences as Predictors of Family Relationships and Body Image Dissatisfaction in African American, Hispanic American, and European American Women." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5463/.
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Ethnic differences in etiological factors linked to body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders were examined. In addition, the interaction of acculturation and body image dissatisfaction in influencing minority women's relationships with their parents was investigated. Participants consisted of 302 undergraduates from three ethnic groups: Caucasian, Hispanic American, and African American women who were administered self-report measures. Differences were not found between the groups in body image dissatisfaction. Low self-esteem, internalization of the thin ideal, and family emphasis on weight and appearance were all related to more body image dissatisfaction for each of these groups; however, differences in degree of endorsement were also noted between the ethnic groups on these factors. Based on the interaction findings (body image x acculturation) separation from one's mother was found in the area of attitudes and emotions for the Hispanic sample but not for the African American sample on any of the parent scales. Areas for future research and implications for diagnosis and treatment of minority populations are also discussed.
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Kirsten, Doret Karen. "Subclinical eating disorder in female students : development and evaluation of a secondary prevention and well-being enhancement programme / Doret Karen Kirsten." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1073.
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The first aim of this study was to develop a research based, integrated, secondary prevention programme, called the Weight Over-concern and Well-being (WOW) programme, for the reduction of Subclinical Eating Disorder (SED) symptoms, associated traits and negative mood states, and the promotion of psychological well-being (PWB) in female students. Consequently the second aim was to determine the effectiveness of the WOW-programme on its own, in comparison with a combined Tomatis Method of sound stimulation (Tomatis, 1990) and WOW-programme, regarding the reduction of SED-symptoms, associated traits and negative mood states; the promotion of PWB; and outcome maintenance. The last aim was to obtain a deeper understanding and "insiders' perspective" of the lived experience of SED, through an interpretative phenomenological inquiry (Smith & Osborn, 2003). The motivation for the current study is a need for research based, integrated, risk-protective, secondary prevention programmes from a social-developmental perspective for female university students (Garner, 2004; Phelps, Sapia, Nathanson & Nelson, 2000; Polivy & Herman, 2002), given their risk status (Edwards & Moldan, 2004; Senekal, Steyn, Mashego & Nel, 2001; Wassenaar, Le Grange, Winship & Lachenicht, 2000). Concurrently in-depth descriptions from an "insiders' perspective" on the lived experience of SED are non-existent and require interpretative phenomenological study (Brocki & Wearden, 2006). Consequently this thesis consists of three articles, namely: (i) Development of a secondary prevention programme for female university students with Subclinical Eating Disorder, (ii) A secondary prevention programme for female students with Subclinical Eating Disorder: a comparative evaluation; and (iii) Lived experiences of Subclinical Eating Disorder: female students' perceptions. The research context comprised Subclinical Eating Disorder, secondary prevention and Positive Psychology.
The first article, Development of a secondary prevention programme for female university students with Subclinical Eating Disorder (Kirsten, Du Plessis & Du Toit, 2007a), is qualitative in nature, and narrates a process of participatory action research followed to develop the WOW-programme. This social process of knowledge construction, embedded in Social Constructivist theory (Koch, Selim & Kralik, 2002), gradually revealed best clinical practice, and in retrospect, evolved over four phases. Phase One comprised experiential learning based on personal experiences with SED as undergraduate student and interaction with "participant researchers" as scientist practitioner (Strieker, 2002), resulting in a provisional risk model of intervention. Phase Two, a formal pilot study (Du Plessis, Vermeulen & Kirsten, 2004), afforded an evaluation of ideas generated in Phase One through a three-group pre-post-test design. Outcomes of Phase Two informed Phase Three, an integration of prior learning with Positive Psychology theory and clinical practice, resulting in a risk-protective model of prevention. Theoretical assumptions previously constructed were integrated and operationalised during Phase Four, into the final 9-session WOW-programme. In conclusion the process of knowledge construction was rigorous, despite the small overall sample size (n=28), since data saturation occurred within that sample. Although the multitude of aims involved in each session of the WOW-programme could be seen as unrealistic, in some direct or indirect way, they were addressed by means of relevant interventions due to the integrative approach. Thus future refinement is essential. Finally, despite aforementioned concerns, the WOW-programme proved to be robust on its own in reducing SED-symptoms and associated traits and enhancing PWB, as described in the second article of this thesis.
The second article, A secondary prevention programme for female students with Subclinical Eating Disorder: a comparative evaluation (Kirsten, Du Plessis & Du Toit, 2007b), describes the outcomes of the WOW-programme on its own, evaluated comparatively with a combined Tomatis sound stimulation and WOW-programme. In this article the research aims were to determine: (i) whether participation in the combined sound stimulation and WOW-programme (Group 1); and (ii) participation in a WOW-programme only (Group 2), would lead to statistically significant reductions in SED-symptoms, psychological traits associated with eating disorders and negative mood states, and enhancement of PWB; (iii) whether results of Groups 1 and 2 would exceed results of a non-intervention control group (Group 3) practically significantly; and (iv) whether programme outcomes for Groups 1 and 2 would be retained at four-month follow-up evaluation.
A mixed method design (Creswell, 2003; Morse, 2003) was used, including a three-group pre-post-test (n=45) and multiple case study (n=30) design. Various questionnaires measuring SED-symptoms, associated traits, negative mood states and PWB were completed. Qualitative data were obtained by means of metaphor drawings, letters to and from the "SED-problem", focus group interviews, the researchers' reflective field notes and individual semi-structured feedback questionnaires (Morse, 2003).
Participation in Groups 1 and 2 proved effective, since decreases in SED-symptoms, associated traits, most negative mood states, and increases in PWB differed practically significantly from the results of Group 3. Outcomes for Groups 1 and 2 were maintained at four-month follow-up evaluation. Qualitative findings provided depth, support and trustworthiness to quantitative findings in light of the small sample size, and highlighted the value of using a mixed method design in prevention programming. It was concluded that the WOW-programme on its own, was an effective secondary prevention programme, since it led to reduced SED-symptoms, associated psychological traits and enhanced PWB, with retention of gains at four-months follow-up evaluation. The combined programme involving Tomatis stimulation and WOW-intervention proved to be even more effective, thus the complimentary role of Tomatis stimulation was demonstrated. However, the cost-effectiveness and comparative brevity of the WOW-programme rendered it the programme of choice regarding individuals with SED. Findings showed that conceptually, pathogenic and salutogenic perspectives can be successfully combined into a risk-protective model of secondary prevention. Lastly, the WOW-programme may even prove useful as an enrichment programme for female students in general.
The third article, Lived experiences of Subclinical Eating Disorder: female students' perceptions (Kirsten, Du Plessis & Du Toit, 2007c), provides a qualitative, in-depth perspective on the lived experience of SED of 30 white, undergraduate females, purposively sampled. In this interpretative phenomenological, multiple case study (Brocki & Wearden, 2006), Groups 1 and 2 of the aforementioned primary study in the second article were used, since they fitted the criteria of "good informants" and were able to answer the research question (Morse, 2003). Further sampling was deemed unnecessary since data saturation occurred within their written and verbal responses and no negative cases were found. Rich individual qualitative data, further clarified through focus groups, emerged from graphic colour representations of lived SED, explanatory written records and "correspondence" with and from their "SED problem" (Gilligan, 2000; Loock, Myburgh, & Poggenpoel, 2003; White & Epston, 1990).
Four main categories, characterised by serious intra-, interpersonal, existential and body image concerns were subdivided into seven subcategories, namely: Personal Brokenness, Personal Shame, Perceived Personal Inadequacy and Enslavement, Existential Vacuum, Perceived Social Pressure, Perceived Social Isolation and Body-image Dysfunction. Results were indicative of underestimation of SED-severity, its comprehensive detrimental impact on participants' PWB and high risk for escalation into full-blown eating disorders. It was concluded that the lived experiences of SED depicted the severity of SED-symptoms; descriptions resonated well with most of their pre-programme mean scores; and their risk status and need for contextually and developmentally relevant secondary prevention programmes were highlighted by the findings.<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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Koch, Felix-Sebastian. "Stress and Obesity in Childhood." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 2009. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2009/med1100s.pdf.
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Talwar, Ruchika. "Correlates and Predictors of Dysfunctional Eating Attitudes and Behaviours in a Non-clinical New Zealand Female Sample." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2652.
Full textAbstract:
Eating disorders are among the most common psychological problems faced by women. Perfectionism, impulsivity and poor self-esteem have been identified as significant risk factors for the development and maintenance of eating disorders. Further, elevated body mass
has been found to amplify the effect of these risk factors on the development of eating pathology. However, although the symptoms associated with eating disorders have been theorised to lie on a continuum with frank eating disorders at one end and normative eating concerns at the other, there is limited research and findings are mixed about the correlates and predictors of dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviours in non-clinical populations. The present research contributes to a clearer understanding of risk factors associated with
dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviours in non-clinical populations. Correlational analyses in the present study indicated that dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviours are associated with increased perfectionism, lowered self-esteem and elevated body mass. Regression analyses identified body dissatisfaction as a significant predictor of bulimic symptomatology. Further research is needed to extend these results. The current study found
that dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviours occur in non-clinical populations and are associated with similar risk factors to those associated with eating pathology in clinical populations. Further, it advocates the need for early detection and intervention of eating
disturbances in at risk non-clinical samples, particularly in relation to body image dissatisfaction. Finally, it highlights the need for further research focussing on non-clinical
samples in order to more clearly understand the correlates and predictors of dysfunctional
eating attitudes and behaviours in these populations.
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Wilcox, Jennifer Alice. "Toward an understanding of resilience to disordered eating and body image dissatisfaction among African American women an analysis of the roles of ethnic and feminist identities /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1183754369.
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Kirsten, Doret Karen. "Positive psychology and subclinical eating disorders in South Africa : a literature review / Kirsten D.K." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7369.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid escalation of Subclinical Eating Disorders (SED) in the form of high levels of body–dissatisfaction (BD) and drive for thinness (DT) globally and locally, and the at–risk status of university females are underscored by recent studies. As yet there exists no South African program tailored to the needs of afflicted female students and which includes a risk–protective focus grounded in Positive Psychology theory. In this chapter a theoretical overview on the nature and definition of SED, its prevalence and the rationale for a risk–protective focus grounded in Positive Psychology theory are provided. Thereafter three preliminary South African studies, namely two correlation studies (De Pãz Fransisco, 2007; Kirsten, Du Plessis & Swanepoel, 2010) and the Weight Over–concern and Well–being program of Kirsten, Du Plessis and Du Toit (2007) are discussed. Findings of these preliminary studies highlight the promise of utilizing Positive Psychology theoretical approaches to practically significantly reduce risk factors and promote protective factors. As such, Well–being therapy (Fava & Ruini, 2003) that promotes the six dimensions of psychological well–being (Ryff & Keyes, 1995), and Self–Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000) that can promote true self–esteem in the form of self–determination and mindfulness (Kabat–Zinn, 1998), with its inherent self–compassion, kindness and self–forgiving manner, show promise. More in–depth studies with larger samples are however needed.<br>Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Briseno-Jones, Sylvania Ann. "Factors Related to Muscle Dysmorphia Symptomology in Adolescent Males." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3338.
Full textAbstract:
Walden University
College of Social and Behavioral Sciences
This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by
Sylvania Ann Jones
has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects,
and that any and all revisions required by
the review committee have been made.
Review Committee
Dr. Anthony Perry, Committee Chairperson, Psychology Faculty
Dr. Stephen Burgess, Committee Member, Psychology Faculty
Dr. James Carroll, University Reviewer, Psychology Faculty
Chief Academic Officer
Eric Riedel, Ph.D.
Walden University
2017
Factors Related to Muscle Dysmorphia Symptomology in Adolescent Males
by
Sylvania Ann Jones
BS, Wayland Baptist University 1999
MA, Wayland Baptist University 2009
MA, Webster University 2006
Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
Psychology
Walden University
December 2016
The prevalence of muscle dysmorphia symptomology in adolescent males continues to increase, and yet remains under diagnosed in adolescents, supporting the need for a study to increase the understanding of the factors related to muscle dysmorphia symptomology. The purpose of this quantitative survey research study was to determine variables that predict the muscle dysmorphia symptomology in a nonclinical sample of high school adolescent males. The psycho-behavioral model of muscle dysmorphia was used as the conceptual model to explain the psychological factors such as self-esteem and body dissatisfaction and behavioral factors such as bodybuilding dependence that were hypothesized to be related to muscle dysmorphia. Quantitative surveys included the Body Dysmorphic Examination Self Report, Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Body Building Dependence Scale and a researcher-developed demographic survey. The study participants included a sample of 97 high school males. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relative strength of the variables in predicting muscle dysmorphia. The results showed that there were several significant predictors of muscle dysmorphia symptomology including race/ethnicity, level of body dissatisfaction, and body building dependence. Sexual orientation and self-esteem were not significant predictors of muscle symptomology. The current study filled the gap in the literature regarding factors that predict muscle dysmorphia among adolescent males. This information supports the development of professional practice and psychoeducational programs designed to assist adolescent males with muscle dysmorphia. This study benefits this cohort by presenting awareness of muscle dysmorphia.
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Noutch, Samantha L. "Body image perceptions, stress and associated psychopathologies in a non-clinical sample." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6308.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of the studies were to assess body image perceptions, the role of stress and other possible associated psychopathologies within a non-clinical sample.
The prevalence of body image concern is increasing and is widely considered as secondary to evolving socio-cultural trends. Negative self-perceptions about body image can be manifest as measurable indicators of physiological stress, or even psychopathology. This thesis describes two quantitative studies into the role and relevance of various causative factors in the development of negative body image in cohorts of volunteers drawn from the general population of the University of Bradford in West Yorkshire, UK.
In Study One, subjects (n=360) completed a self-directed questionnaire that psychometrically measured satisfaction/dissatisfaction with personal appearance, queried which external sources influenced those opinions, and correlated these with demographic information. In particular, we sought to examine how a subject¿s opinion about their personal appearance varied with age, gender, ethnicity, mental health, relationship status, sexual orientation and Body Mass Index (BMI). Subjective views regarding personal appearance were determined by answers given to specific body image questions that revealed a subject¿s day-to-day appearance concerns, all preoccupations, and the extent to which these concerns resulted in distress, all social impairment.
Overall, the results demonstrated that BMI values were positively correlated with personal appearance concerns. High BMI values correlated with greater dissatisfaction with personal appearance. Self ratings of appearance values were negatively correlated with BMI scores. Subjects who gave themselves high appearance ratings were relatively unaffected by media influence with regard to their image, compared to subjects rating themselves less attractive. These latter subjects also showed higher peer pressure scores in terms of both the amount of time they compared themselves to peers, and the degree to which peer comparisons affected their self-appearance ratings. Based on responses to the body image questions specifically, the entire cohort of subjects were categorised into principal clusters: those largely unaffected by any body image concerns; and those profoundly distressed by their self assessed body image. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of these findings is that the scores for this latter (n=17) group of subjects on the body image questions revealed a degree of personal distress this is almost identical to the scores expected from those people diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Collectively, these results suggest that high BMI values in subjects negatively impact on self-appearance ratings, render subjects more prone to media messages that portray body image ideals, and elicit frequent comparisons with peers to validate self-image concerns. Furthermore, severely affected subjects with high BMI scores may show similar psychopathology to that of BDD sufferers. In Study Two, a small cohort of subjects (n=60) were given questionnaires and were interviewed to further investigate self-appearance ratings and mood/depressive traits. The body image questions used in Study One to assess image concerns and the magnitude of distress were repeated in Study Two. Mood and depressive state were measured using the validated Beck¿s Depression Inventory (BDI). In parallel, subjects completed the Derriford Appearance Scale 59 (DAS 59), which is a valid psychometric indication of an individual's perception of their appearance as ¿normal¿ or ¿disfigured¿, and used as a tool by plastic surgeons to inform decisions regarding the necessity for surgery to correct an individual's appearance. Physiological markers were recorded before and after exposure of subjects to a physical and a psychological stressor: these were saliva concentrations of cortisol and sIgA (an immune marker), blood glucose and blood pressure.
The results of Study Two revealed no changes in scores for any of the physiological measures following stressors. BDI scores for most subjects fell within normal ranges, although females scored higher than males, but not at a pathological level. Those subjects with a history of mental illness or those who reported feeling a high degree of stress on a daily basis, or those who expressed greater self-appearance concerns, all had significantly elevated BDI values. Perhaps the most intriguing finding from Study Two, as in Study One, was that subjects again tended to fall within specific categories for body image concerns: those unaffected or minimally affected by body image concerns, and those (n=6) greatly and deleteriously affected by body image concerns. This subsection of subjects also scored very high on the DAS 59 for disfigurement.
On the basis of these findings it would seem that body image concerns may be severe enough for some individuals for them to perceive themselves as actually being disfigured, or that the DAS 59 (a widely used assessment tool in plastic surgery), may not be entirely appropriate for assessment of an individual's need for surgery because it cannot distinguish between those genuinely disfigured and those merely expressing severe body image concerns.
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Noutch, Samantha Louise. "Body image perceptions, stress and associated psychopathologies in a non-clinical sample." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6308.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of the studies were to assess body image perceptions, the role of stress and other possible associated psychopathologies within a non-clinical sample. The prevalence of body image concern is increasing and is widely considered as secondary to evolving socio-cultural trends. Negative self-perceptions about body image can be manifest as measurable indicators of physiological stress, or even psychopathology. This thesis describes two quantitative studies into the role and relevance of various causative factors in the development of negative body image in cohorts of volunteers drawn from the general population of the University of Bradford in West Yorkshire, UK. In Study One, subjects (n=360) completed a self-directed questionnaire that psychometrically measured satisfaction/dissatisfaction with personal appearance, queried which external sources influenced those opinions, and correlated these with demographic information. In particular, we sought to examine how a subject's opinion about their personal appearance varied with age, gender, ethnicity, mental health, relationship status, sexual orientation and Body Mass Index (BMI). Subjective views regarding personal appearance were determined by answers given to specific body image questions that revealed a subject's day-to-day appearance concerns, all preoccupations, and the extent to which these concerns resulted in distress, all social impairment. Overall, the results demonstrated that BMI values were positively correlated with personal appearance concerns. High BMI values correlated with greater dissatisfaction with personal appearance. Self ratings of appearance values were negatively correlated with BMI scores. Subjects who gave themselves high appearance ratings were relatively unaffected by media influence with regard to their image, compared to subjects rating themselves less attractive. These latter subjects also showed higher peer pressure scores in terms of both the amount of time they compared themselves to peers, and the degree to which peer comparisons affected their self-appearance ratings. Based on responses to the body image questions specifically, the entire cohort of subjects were categorised into principal clusters: those largely unaffected by any body image concerns; and those profoundly distressed by their self assessed body image. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of these findings is that the scores for this latter (n=17) group of subjects on the body image questions revealed a degree of personal distress this is almost identical to the scores expected from those people diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Collectively, these results suggest that high BMI values in subjects negatively impact on self-appearance ratings, render subjects more prone to media messages that portray body image ideals, and elicit frequent comparisons with peers to validate self-image concerns. Furthermore, severely affected subjects with high BMI scores may show similar psychopathology to that of BDD sufferers. In Study Two, a small cohort of subjects (n=60) were given questionnaires and were interviewed to further investigate self-appearance ratings and mood/depressive traits. The body image questions used in Study One to assess image concerns and the magnitude of distress were repeated in Study Two. Mood and depressive state were measured using the validated Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). In parallel, subjects completed the Derriford Appearance Scale 59 (DAS 59), which is a valid psychometric indication of an individual's perception of their appearance as 'normal' or 'disfigured', and used as a tool by plastic surgeons to inform decisions regarding the necessity for surgery to correct an individual's appearance. Physiological markers were recorded before and after exposure of subjects to a physical and a psychological stressor: these were saliva concentrations of cortisol and sIgA (an immune marker), blood glucose and blood pressure. The results of Study Two revealed no changes in scores for any of the physiological measures following stressors. BDI scores for most subjects fell within normal ranges, although females scored higher than males, but not at a pathological level. Those subjects with a history of mental illness or those who reported feeling a high degree of stress on a daily basis, or those who expressed greater self-appearance concerns, all had significantly elevated BDI values. Perhaps the most intriguing finding from Study Two, as in Study One, was that subjects again tended to fall within specific categories for body image concerns: those unaffected or minimally affected by body image concerns, and those (n=6) greatly and deleteriously affected by body image concerns. This subsection of subjects also scored very high on the DAS 59 for disfigurement. On the basis of these findings it would seem that body image concerns may be severe enough for some individuals for them to perceive themselves as actually being disfigured, or that the DAS 59 (a widely used assessment tool in plastic surgery), may not be entirely appropriate for assessment of an individual's need for surgery because it cannot distinguish between those genuinely disfigured and those merely expressing severe body image concerns.
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Petersson, Johanna. "Träningsmotiv och kroppsuppfattning bland högskolestudenter : En kvantitativ enkätundersökning." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-43490.
Full textAbstract:
The body perception of humans varies across situations and is influenceable. A negative body image is existing among both men and women of all ages. The adaptation to mimic an unhealthy body ideal is difficult without regulated diet and exercise. Physical activity is therefore considered to be a strong motive for body image management. The aim of the study was to investigate the extent to which college students' body image is associated with motivational factors to exercise and frequency of exercise. The study consists of a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study. Data for the study were collected through a survey which was collected by a total of 112 questionnaires by university students at Mälardalen University. The data was analyzed with frequency tables, pearsons r and an independent sample t-test in the computer program SPSS. The study's findings and conclusions show that the college students' motivational factors to exercise consisted mainly of internal training motives and that most of the college students have a positive body image. It was also a connection between motivational factors and body image, but no significant difference between body image and college students who train frequently or less frequently. The conclusion is that college students have a positive body image, which does not differ if the individual is practicing often or rarely. The most common motivation factor to exercise is to train internal training motives.