Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dispositifs hybrides de formation'
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Papadopoulou, Melpomeni. "« Distance intégrative » et accompagnement expérientiel pour une nouvelle ingénierie en FOAD : le cas de deux dispositifs hybrides d’éducation populaire." Thesis, Tours, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUR2001.
Full textE-learning has been developed in our contemporary society in order to propose faster and cheaper adult training so that they will become “competent” professionals. Thus, it is common to promote the functional aspects of knowledge and the technical dimensions of teaching in an e-learning class. In this perspective, knowledge becomes a good to consume rather than to reveal from our own experiences.This thesis proposes to reverse this logic by describing the Open and Distance Learning (ODL), not as a learning process to be mastered but as an environment that allows the adult to learn from his own experiences and projects. Therefore, reflexivity, deliberation and integration of knowledge appear in the foreground.The field research involves two blended and alternative trainings, combining several training sessions led by seven trainers of popular education. Part of an inductive approach, this research demonstrates methodological triangulation by mobilizing several data collection tools, such as surveys and semi-directional interviews. Furthermore, the research’s methodology combines qualitative (categorical) and quantitative (statistical and lexicometric) data analysis.The study contributes to the development of an engineering for Open and Integrative Distance Learning (OIDL). The articulation between ODL and alternative training leads to a model enabling to consider the integrative function of distance and the experiential accompaniment practices
Fotsing, Janvier. "L’usage des logiciels de simulation dans les dispositifs hybrides en formation des sciences pour élèves ingénieurs : étude évaluative à l’ENSP - Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique- de Yaoundé." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1040.
Full textThis research explores two subjects of study. The first subject concerns the study and evaluation of hybrid devices by considering as a specific case the MASTEL & MASSICO devices offered by the ENSP as part of its eLearning programs in order to assess the level of satisfaction of learners on this mode of education. The second subject relates to the study of the impacts arising from the use of simulation software used in the educational content of these devices on the effectiveness of training in order to assess the development of skills of engineering students in the context of eLearning.The diagnostic analysis of the MASTEL & MASSICO devices shows that the educational design adopted in the design of the MASTEL & MASSICO devices was more oriented towards a more open interactional scheme between the tutor and the learners via the incentive or interactive tools. It has been observed that 90.56% of survey respondents are satisfied with the use of these embedded tools in the Moodle platform chosen by the ENSP as a virtual digital learning environment. It also appears that learners' responses are guided by the ease of use. Indeed, 96.07% say that Moodle is easy to use. The use of software in the context of training favors a pedagogy by skill and a more individualized learning together with the cognitive and / or metacognitive development of the learner. It is clear that while the use of software brings satisfaction to the actors, it is nonetheless true that the lack of remote activities using software in the practice of EAD in hybrid devices, is a limit major use identified by all actors. And even if the device incorporated possibilities of remote simulation, the problem should persist in the sense that the know-how developed at a distance does not confer the well-being (attitude and behavior) required in the discipline. For example, the in-situ observation of the learners of the MASTEL & MASSICO devices during the phase of the face-to-face grouping makes it possible to note that the success of the test via the software does not absolutely confer a real object manipulative skill in a context of business.The analysis of the impact of the use of simulation software in the context of training in engineering sciences has made it possible, according to our study, to encourage the acquisition of a large number of skills, including the ability to synthesize (procedural competence), analysis (exploratory competence) and operational (manipulative competence). It was observed that the devices deployed at the remote phase to ENSP gave the learners more procedural competence and at the face-to-face stage a manipulative skill. The latter, being the most sought after in a business environment, unfortunately only lasted for a short period of two weeks over the two semesters of the course, which is not to the taste of the learners. A recommendation emerges from this study, which is that of solving this major imbalance by considering scenarios to invest in development research or efforts will focus on the industrialization of devices incorporating the concepts of virtual laboratory the only way to guarantee professional development skills of trainees
El, Metennani Faiza. "Analyse des approches d'apprentissage des étudiants universitaires, dans le contexte des formation hybrides." Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1008.
Full textA learner's behavior can be influenced by factors related to the environment, or by factors related to his own personal characteristics, Jézégou, (2014: 273). Our research work started from this research line. It is in this sense that we will try to understand from the perspective of the effects, the relationship between the hybrid device, the learning approaches and the personal characteristics of the students (gender and the feeling of personal effectiveness).Our research is experimental research, which makes it possible to determine the question of causality: if a student proceeds by such or such an approach, this is explained by factors related to the device, or else by factors related to his personal characteristicsWe were able to conduct our study in a university context in two different countries, Algeria and Cameroon. In the Algerian context, we were able to observe the progress of a hybrid course, supported by a teacher with 37 students. To better verify the notion of the effect of a hybrid device, we planned to experiment with this same hybrid course with the same teacher, but completely at distance (remotely), with another group of students (13 students). In the Cameroonian context, we observed the unfolding of a hybrid course, taught by a teacher, with 58 students from three promotions.We collected data on the variables, either by video recordings, or by retrieving data from the Moodle platform, or by questionnaire and interviews. The method of analysis is both a quantitative and a qualitative method.The results of our research reveal that the students proceeded much more by an in-depth approach. We concluded that the support of the teacher and the techno pedagogical environment have an effect on the learning approaches of the students.The results of our research also reveal that students who had a strong or weak sense of self-efficiency all proceeded through deep treatment approaches. So the feeling of self-efficiency does not have an effect on the choice of this or that learning approach. The results also indicate that there is no relationship between the biological characteristics of students (gender) and their learning approaches
Marescot, Vanessa. "Dispositifs pédagogiques innovants à l’université. Diversité méthodologique pour le recueil et l’analyse de l’expérience des usagers : étude du cas NCU PRéLUDE." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0036.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral work is to examine the experience of users of innovative teaching methods introduced at university. The various waves of massification of access to higher education have led to a diversification of the student population, whose success has become a priority. There are many factors that determine success, including contextual factors such as teaching practices. As a result, educational and digital transformation is at the heart of various calls for projects aimed at providing financial support for the university's development. The competitive nature of these calls for projects and the emulation they engender give rise to increasingly innovative proposals. At the other end of the chain, those involved implement, experiment with and experience these schemes on the ground. The aim of this research project is to question the players, and in particular the students, about their experience of these educational innovations, as part of the PRéLUDE project, one of the winners of the PIA 3 New University Curricula programme. The research is based on a constructivist, inductive approach. It used a variety of data collection methods: questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, Repertory Grid interviews, supplemented by documentary research and participant observation. These methods produced quantitative and qualitative data, analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods. This methodological diversity makes it possible to analyse the experience of users, thus questioning the design process both in terms of how the ideation is adapted to users and in terms of the actual implementation of the ideal project
Malek, Rima. "Les dispositifs électroniques pédagogiques conçus pour l'encadrement en ligne des cours présentiels universitaires : le cas du Liban." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554968.
Full textJoos, Maxime. "Dispositifs hybrides : nanoparticules couplées à une nanofibre optique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS153.
Full textIn this thesis, we present an experimental study of hybrid systems where nano-emitters are coupled to optical nanofibers. The strong transverse confinement of light in sub-wavelength fibres implies an “exotic” electric field (longitudinal electric field component, inhomogeneous polarisation etc.) that we use in order to alter the radiation properties of nano-emitter placed at the surface of the nanofiber. Based on the same system : nano-particle + nanofibre, we developped an “optical ruler” to localise the nanofiber with nanometer precision. This open the way to the study of nanofibre optomechanics
Cojocaru, Ludmila. "Films d’oxydes semi-conducteurs nanoporeux et nanocristallins pour dispositifs photovoltaïques hybrides." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14630/document.
Full textIn the context of the development of efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly photovoltaic devices, the synthesis of metal-oxide semiconductors such as SnO2, Zn2SnO4 and WO3 with various textures and morphologies have been developed in order to achieve nanoporous photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. According to studies carried out by different characterization methods (SEM, TEM, XRD and BET), the resulting materials show interesting features for the expected application. Dye solar cells were then fabricated from photoanodes processed with these oxides and several parameters influencing their performance were optimized to improve the overall conversion efficiency. In particular, the beneficial effect of different treatments of the photoanodes (ie aqueous TiCl4 or water treatment) on the power conversion efficiency and the stability of the devices has been evidenced. Thus, state-of-the art or, even, record efficiencies were reached in the case of SnO2-based systems. These performances were then rationalized by determining the electronic and ionic processes occurring in these devices by various physical methods (threshold voltage and open-circuit photovoltage decay measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). Finally, electrodes based on WO3 and deposited on flexible substrates have shown very promising electrochromic properties, which opens up new prospects in the field of smart displays
Aïch, Badrou Reda. "Elaboration de matériaux organiques et hybrides pour la réalisation de dispositifs photovoltaïques." Cergy-Pontoise, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CERG0328.
Full textNoblet, Jean-Pierre. "L'appropriation d'un dispositif hybride en formation pour adultes : le cas du Campus numérique à l'ESSCA." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5779.
Full textBarroy, Willy. "L’hybridation du dispositif de formation d’Airbus Helicopters face aux technologies immersives : des enjeux d’apprentissage individuel et organisationnel." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0002.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to better understand how training devices evolve, with the introduction of virtual reality technology, in industrialized training situations. This work I based on an immersion in the "training" department of Airbus Helicopters. The research-action approach allows us to observe and participate in the emergence of a technology of reality for pilot’s training. The tool is put in situation with customers as part of their training and several demonstrations are made to actors of different trades around the training. We identify hybrid configurations in the sense that training situations are both practical and at the same time theoretical in the language of the organization. Then we show that the implementation of these technologies requires to rethink a traditional rationalization. These elements allow to suggest an "approach by the hybridization of systems" gives the organization the ability to reconsider its own project (structured objects of information, organization chart, skills and trades of actors). It is a depth questioning of the learning organization that is possible, from the experience of subjects
Njingang, Mbadjoin Theodore. "Le changement par les technologies numériques en école d'ingénieurs : Étude d’impact." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0764/document.
Full textThis research analyzes the impact of the digital technologies on the efficiency of innovation of the vocational engineer’s trainings, and the flexibility of educational devices in distance learning, as well as on the professionalization of the teacher’s university guardians. This, with regard to the models of managerial organization and educational practices of ICTS(INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES).With the glance as of results from the axis 1, it arises that, the organization devices as regard mater degree, offer the model type bimodal hybrid with an imbalance in the burden-sharing with charges activities higher as distance involved than presence. The indirect impact of managerial actions favor the flexibility of devices in terms of managing professionals constraints as regard distance geographical and the hourly adaptation, the opening to the common projects, the free choice of methods and communications tools. It accentuated the emergency of the behavioral changes, and a strong dynamics of team spirit accepting the constructive differences. In addition, from de axis 2 of search, the intensive use of the inciting digital tools and interactive tool is not enough to explain their effectiveness or performance durably in supporting quality and evolution of the device’s training. It makes emerge the difficulty in organizing, illustrating and sharing the graphic figures or symbols, in order to explain reasoning during the exchanges with (chat, audio conference, and forum).The use of simulation devices is less effective, because of the digital divide (cost access and low speed Internet, infrastructures decayed to the point). Furthermore, the level of structuring of the forums has a significant impact on the effectiveness of training. Forums of the type 2 (structured enough, 3 ≥ fn ≤ 6), presents a high intensity of cognitive/métacognitive’s messages, an initiative and reactive behavior. It is the reverse with the forums type 1 (little structured, fn ≤ 2), where the evaluative attitude and messages that are not directly related to learning are increase than others. It also appears that the performance of the students does not depend simply on the intensive use of tool of the digital tools, but of their self-determination, resulting in their feeling of new competences, the sources of motivation and the added-value of the devices to develop itself in company. It arises from axis 3 that the devices significantly impact the professional development of the teachers/tutors, with the changes of practices digital and a strong personal intention to explore new teaching practices remotely, and not of a commitment related to the managerial or institutional regulations, perceived like injunctions.Keys words: Impact of digital technologies, hybrid devices or FAD/e-Learning, training of engineers of LMD system, flexibility and effectiveness’s pedagogic, acts of language and training quality, practices innovating, professional development of trainer. Management and organization
Bourque, Frédéric. "Conception de circuits de lecture adaptés à des dispositifs monoélectroniques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5845.
Full textDegbia, Wangata Saint-Martial. "Semi-conducteurs organiques [pi]-conjugués pour l'élaboration de dispositifs photovoltaïques hybrides solides à colorant." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4044/document.
Full textThe aim ot this work has been to prepare new hole transporting molecular glasses based on carbazole moieties as an alternative to spiro-OMeTAD (standard material) in solid state dye sentitized solar cells (ssDSSC). We have synthesized several 3, 6, 9 substituted carbazole derivatives and have established their physical and chemical properties prior using them in photovoltaic devices. We have demonstrated the interest of grafting functional groups as bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amines on 3, 6 positions and aryl substitutes on the 9 position of carbazole to obtain efficient materials. Finally, this latter chemical structure has been used as a building block to develop an innovative concept of synthesis of carbazole based materials, smoothing the way to easy synthesis of a wide family of efficient molecular glasses for ssDSSC. Our best materials exhibit similar power conversion efficiency compare to the standard spiro-OMeTAD. According to these preliminary results, we expect reaching power conversion efficiencies over 15% with our carbazole based hole transporting materials associated with peroskite sensitizer
Itawi, Ahmad. "Dispositifs photoniques hybrides sur Silicium comportant des guides nano-structurés : conception, fabrication et caractérisation." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112363/document.
Full textThis work contributes to the general context of III-V materials on Silicon hybrid devices for optical integrated functions, mainly emission/amplification at 1.55µm. Devices are considered for operation under electrical injection, reaching performances relevant for data transfer application. The main three contributions of this work concern: (i) bonding InP-based materials on Si, (ii) nanostructuration of the Si guiding layer for spatial and spectral control of the guided mode and (iii) technology of an hybrid electrically injected laser, with a special attention to the thermal budget. Bonding has been investigated following two approaches. The first one we call heterohepitaxial or oxide-free bonding, is performed without any intermediate layer at a temperature ~450°C. This approach has the great advantage allowing electrical transport across the interface, as reported in the literature. We have developed oxide-free surface preparation for both materials, mainly InP-based layers, and established bonding parameter processing. An in-depth STEM and RX structural characterization has demonstrated an oxide-free reconstructed interface without any dislocation except on one or two atomic layers which accommodate the large lattice mismatch (8.1%) between InP and Si. Photoluminescence of quantum wells intentionally grown close to the interface has shown no degradation. We have also developed an oxide-based bonding process operated at 300°C in order to be compatible with CMOS processing. The original ozone activation of the very thin (~5nm) oxide layer we have proposed demonstrates a bonding surface without any unbonded area due to degassing under annealing. We have developed an original method based on nanoindentation characterization in order to obtain a quantitative and local value of the surface bonding energy. Related to the absence or to the very thin intermediate layer between the two materials, our modal design is based on a double core structure, where most of the optical mode is confined in the Si guiding layer, and no taper is required. The Si waveguide on top of the SOI stack is a shallow ridge. A nanostructured material on both sides of the waveguide core ensures the lateral confinement, the nanostructuration geometry being at a sub-wavelength period in order to operate this material well below its photonic gap. It behaves as an uniaxial material with ordinary and extraordinary indices calculated according to the structuration geometry. Such a structuration allows modal and spectral control of the guided mode. 3D modal and spectral simulation have been performed. We have demonstrated, on a double-period structuration, a wavelength selective operation of hybrid optical waveguides. Such a double-period geometry could be included in a laser design for DFB operation. This nanostructuration has larger potential application such as coupled waveguides arrays or selective resonators. We have developed all the technological processing steps for an electrically injected hybrid laser fabrication. Main developments concern dry etching, performed with the Inductive Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etching ICP-RIE technique of both the nanostructuration of the Silicon material, and the mesa of the hybrid laser. Efficient electrical contacts fabrication is also a complex step. First lasers operating performances could be improved. We have investigated a specific design in order to overcome the thermal penalty encountered by all the hybrid devices. This penalty is due to the thick buried oxide layer of the SOI stack that prevents heating related to the current flow to be dissipated. Taking advantage of the electrical transport we have shown at the oxide-free interface, we propose a design where the n-contact is defined on the guiding Si layer, suppressing thermal heating under electrical operation. Such an approach is very promising for densely packed hybrid devices integrated with associated electronic driving elements on Si
Tali, Fatiha. "Les apprentissages professionnels des enseignants : le cas d'une formation hybride d'enseignants du second degré se spécialisant pour scolariser des élèves en situation de handicap." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20110.
Full textThis thesis, in a social cognitive approach, studies the professional learning of secondary education teachers specializing in disabled pupils. The goal is to show that under specializing learning teachers build professional knowledge in the social interaction whether on-site or on-line with their peers thanks to the hybrid system tools; especially thanks to an on-line log book. Our theoretical framework gathers professional learning theories. The social construction of learning takes into account the importance of the social and cultural environments, the individual’s place when building knowledge, as well as the interactions through different aspects. The professional knowledge can be used by the teacher and be seen as knowledge mentioned in the on-line log book, as the perceived knowledge through the evolution of the Professional Feeling of Efficiency level (SEPro in French), as well as the perceived knowledge in the teacher’s practice when adapting to class and outside the classroom. From a mixed methodology, this study presents the survey results performed following five teachers from the secondary education under a specializing learning (2CA-SH: Accreditation for specialized teachers for secondary school and higher levels) in a hybrid context at the ESPE of Toulouse (Teaching and Learning Graduate School). A comparison is done parallel to the SEPro level evolution with a group of teachers following the same on-site training (n= 24) and a group without training (n =58). The analysis of the empirical elements shows that the on-line and on-site interactions with peers let them build professional knowledge linked to adaptive professional behaviors and the pupils understanding. It also shows that knowledge becomes diversified during the learning year. The built knowledge is used in their SEPro, in their practice and in the elaboration of the on-line log book. The link between the professional knowledge nature and the learning process (social learning) allows to highlight the processes the teachers interacting on-site and on-line with peers prefer. It also allows to propose a social learning model in the context of a hybrid learning
Esta tesis, que se inscribe en una lógica socio cognitiva, estudia el aprendizaje profesional en el marco de una formación de profesores del grado Superior especializados en el tratamiento de alumnos con discapacidad. Su objetivo consiste en mostrar que el profesor en formación especializada construye conocimientos profesionales en la interacción social en presencial y a distancia con sus colegas gracias a herramientas del dispositivo híbrido, en especial a través de un diario de a bordo en línea. Nuestro marco teórico moviliza las teorías del aprendizaje profesional. La construcción social de los aprendizajes toma en cuenta la importancia del entorno social, cultural y el lugar del individuo en la construcción de los conocimientos, al mismo tiempo que moviliza las interacciones a través de diferentes modalidades. Los conocimientos profesionales pueden ser movilizados por el profesor e identificados como conocimientos listados en el diario de a bordo en línea, como conocimientos percibidos por la evolución del nivel de sentimiento de eficiencia profesional (SEPro) y como conocimientos constatados en las prácticas de adaptación en clase y fuera de clases. A partir de una metodología mixta, esta investigación presenta los resultados de una encuesta realizada con cinco profesores del grado Superior que siguieron una formación especializada (2CA-SH: Certificado de especialización complementaria del grado Superior) en un contexto híbrido en la ESPE (Escuela Superior de Profesorado y de la Educación) de Tolosa. Un comparativo se realizó en paralelo con la evolución del nivel de SEPro con un grupo de profesores que realizaron la misma formación presencial (n= 24) y un grupo sin formación (n =58). El análisis de los elementos empíricos muestra que las interacciones en línea y presenciales entre colegas permiten construir conocimientos profesionales relativos a los gestos de adaptación y al conocimiento de los alumnos y que dichos conocimientos se diversifican conforme pasa el año. Los conocimientos construidos son movilizados en su SEPro, en sus prácticas y en la elaboración del diario de a bordo. La interconexión de la naturaleza de los conocimientos profesionales y de los procesos de construcción de obras (aprendizaje social) permite actualizar los procesos privilegiados por los profesores que interactúan entre ellos en presencial y en línea y proponer un modelo de aprendizaje social en contexto de formación híbrida
Nguyen, Van Son. "Élaboration de films nanocomposites hybrides P(VDF-TrFE)/nanocristaux, et intégration dans des dispositifs microstructurés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0075/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to develop flexible organic/inorganic hybrid materials for application in microsystems. This study included the preparation and characterization of nanocomposites based on ferroelectric polymer matrix P(VDF-TrFE), potential materials for applications based on thin films on substrates, and different types of nanoparticles: ZnO, LiNbO3 (piezoelectric) and Al2O3 (non-piezoelectric). The protocols of the ultrasonic dispersion of nanoparticles in solvents and polymeric solutions are optimized, allowing dispersing quite homogeneously clusters of nanocrystals in the matrix copolymer. Films of controlled thickness between 0.1 µm and 100 µm were fabricated by spin-coating and doctor blade coating with surface quality suitable for micro-technologies. Morphology and crystallinity of P(VDF-TrFE) are preserved in the presence of up to 10 wt.% of nanoparticles. Thus nanocomposites keep high piezoelectric properties and show an increased up to 30% of the mechanical properties for 10 wt.% ZnO or Al2O3. In addition, the increase in elastic constant with decreasing cluster size of nanoparticles was observed. Nanocomposite films on substrates or free-standing filled up to 10 wt.% were successfully polarized by corona without contact. Specific procedures for preparing microdevices by photolithography on nanocomposite polymer films, while keeping piezoelectric activities of materials, have been developed. The characterization of realized acoustic wave devices is also presented
Tribet, Hervé. "Aménagements des activités des formés au sein d'un dispositif hybride de formation et retombées sur leur activité professionnelle : une étude de cas dans le cadre de la formation de tuteurs de terrain de professeurs stagiaires." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20102/document.
Full textFace-to-face vocational training models, although still predominant, are increasingly being "shaken up" by other models using online teaching tools (Karsenti, Garry & Benziane, 2012). The combination of these models has led to the emergence of "hybrid" training systems (HTS), which alternate autonomous platform-based distance learning activities and classroom training activities (Jézégou, 2014). The literature review on the matter reveals that few studies question the nature of the design of HTS and the impact on the trainees’ and trainers’ activity involved.This thesis is part of a research program conducted in cultural anthropology whose central objective is the study of subject construction in professional training (Chaliès & Bertone, 2017). This transformative research explores the effects of developed scenarios of an HTS based on assumptions borrowed from a theory of adult education (Bertone & Chaliès, 2015), with the joint activity of novice cooperating teachers as being responsible for preservice teachers and a university supervisor.The results of the study shows that the structuring unique training activities deployed within the HTS has enabled novice cooperating teachers to gradually develop the capacity for meaning, analysis and simulated implementation of the pedagogical advisory activities. While this was the basis of the research hypothesis, the results underline that it was not possible to observe any effective learning at the end of the training. Nevertheless, this thesis opens up new technological perspectives in terms of the design of hybrid vocational training scheme
Le, Nadan Thierry. "Contribution à la conception et à la réalisation de modules hyperfréquences multi-fonctions : apports d'une solution d'intégration par combinaison de filières technologiques hybrides 3D." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2025.
Full textFrançon, Nicole. "L'univers relationnel des adolescents scolaires et les dispositifs de formation." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR2012.
Full textIf school must keep its traditional function of insuring the acquisition of knowledge, it also has to provide an education which takes into account the evolution of mentalities and motivations of the present youth. We propose therefore, in the first part, to try to know young people better through a survey realized on six hundred and fifty six teenagers enrolled in middle schools, technical schools and high schools. Nine subjects are discussed : family, school, professional activity, drugs, money, free-time, violence, family love, politics; the results uncover three important existential realities: freedom, responsability, solidarity. We consider, in the second part, what the role o school and teachers culd be by proposing three relational schemes likely to answer the requirements of an education which would provide the development of knowledge but also the personal growth and the acquisition of a social understanding : the "speech group" - a place for expression, the school - a communauty lead by a project, the class - a group with a task. The pedagogical relationship is based on a model of animation which experimentation with and application to the "class group" show that it relies on the complementarity of the effects produced by two functions : the incitement function (stimulating) and the adjustment function (securizing), necessary for a harmonious progression. And this model can be the solution to the problem of the animation of groups centered on the achievement of tasks
Kasdali, Sihem. "Modélisation complexe de l’impact des dispositifs de formation à distance." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0722/document.
Full textThis research aims at analysing the impact, in this case, of the changes led by technopedagogical systems of distance education, on the behavior of learners, trainers or future trainers.To do so, we adopt a systemic approach based on modeling complex systems. The implementation of our model aims at highlighting the interrelations that can exist between the individual and his system, and the structure that may arise, their evolution and their entanglement at different stages. Thus, the dynamics of change is appreciated in its environment, and highlights the active variables in order to build its intelligibility.Our research intention has thus the ambition of not considering the training as a variable explaining the dynamics of change, but to try to understand, like in each training, a set of variables used, leading to results while other variables do not allow it to happen. Our proposal consists of identifying possible relevant variables, the “process variables”. These describe, across time, the space and the processing that are implemented in this dynamics
Chen, Yani. "Dispositifs hybrides à base de carbone : fonctionnalisation de nanotubes et de graphène avec des molécules actives." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY025/document.
Full textIn the frame of the intense research on electronics beyond CMOS, molecular electronics offers the versatility of organic chemistry in order to tailor new functions combining optical and electronic specifications, while accessing the quantum confined regime intrinsic to small molecules. As 1D conductors, carbon nanotubes bridge the gap between small molecules electronics and semiconductor technology with great promises while being a playground for organic chemistry. Beyond miniaturization, they offer the opportunity to design new devices from accurate sensors to optoelectronic and quantum devices. However most studies focus on sensor or photovoltaic applications and thus involve a macroscopic assembly of nanotubes. This averages the excitation transfers, which prevents access to their fundamental mechanisms. This requires the design of individual carbon nanotube based functional devices. For this issue double wall carbon nanotubes have many advantages over simple SWNTs. In general, they exhibit higher stability, which can be a substantial help in high-current and high-field experiments. They realize a core-shell system: their concentric structure suggests its use for independent doping or functionalization of inner and outer tubes.In this PhD project, we demonstrate field effect transistors based on hybrid systems of individual double wall carbon nanotubes and optically sensitive molecule.We first introduce the method for making individual double wall carbon nanotube field effect transistors (DWNT FETs), which are then characterized both optically and electrically. We also studied the electron phonon coupling in the DWNT system by Raman spectroscopy with electrostatic gating. The inner metallic tube is also affected by the electrostatic gate and shows dramatic changes of the overall Raman signature.We then functionalized non covalently two kinds of optically sensitive molecules to DWNT and graphene FETs (Terpyridine Osmium complex and Zinc(II) metalloporphyrin). The hybrids are characterized both optically and electrically. Charge transfer between DWNTs and molecules plays as a chemical gating which can be detected by Raman spectroscopy as well as electrical transport measurements, which indicates that the DWNT FETs can be utilized for molecular sensing. Light excitation of the molecules leads to doping of the hybrids and reveals the coupling between the nanotube walls.Moreover, we realized wavelength dependent optical gating on the hybrid device, detected by both Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements at both room temperature and helium temperature. The optical control of the hybrids’ electronic behavior will be elucidated in terms of photo-induced charge transfer between the grafted molecules and the DWNT component. As a consequence, this hybrid FETs can be used as an optically controlled memory down to single electron transfers at low temperature
Provost, Marion. "Intégration de couches hybrides de base sol-gel dans les architectures de passivation de dispositifs OLED." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT056.
Full textDue of the ongoing growth of smartphones and TVs displays markets, the application of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) technology for displays has become a major center of interest. The materials and substrates used in such architectures allow to develop lightweight, compact and even foldable displays, demonstrating an excellent image quality and fast refresh rates. Currently, the technological drawbacks restricting the exploitation on industrial scale mainly concern the lifespan of the devices. First, materials used in OLED architecture are highly sensitive to moisture and oxygen ingress and require a high barrier encapsulation. In addition, a specific protection needs to be included to secure the device from mechanical failures. As so various options from glass lids to flexible barriers are likely to be considered depending on the intended use. This work deals with the production of OLED microdisplays deposited on silicon substrates, and aims to develop an alternative packaging solution, based on organic-inorganic nanocomposite layers, both on top and embedded into the multi-barrier passivation architecture previously developed at the CEA-LETI. Synergistic properties can be obtained from composite materials, enhancing the advantages of both the organic (flexibility, processability) and inorganic phase (barrier properties, mechanical and chemical resistance). As a high control on the morphology in required, the sol-gel process was therefore selected for its versatility. Several composite materials were designed. One selected formulation, based on silica nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix, proved to be fully compatible with the monolithic encapsulation of OLED circuits, including, among other properties, the recovery of the electrical bonding. Passivation architectures using the composite as interface layer showed improved barrier properties as well as an enhanced durability of devices stored in warm and damp environment. Obviously, a thin hard-coat layer does not equal a glass lid in terms of mechanical resistance, yet our formulation provided a sufficient protection during the overall process and handling of the displays. The main advantages of this alternative packaging rely on the reduced thickness, increasing the contrast by minimizing the loss of luminous efficacy through guided mode and offering the prospect of flexible substrate manufacturing
Zhang, Tianchen. "Composants mémoires et effet NDR dans les dispositifs à base de matériaux hybrides : organiques/nanoparticules d’or." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10215/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the study of the electrical properties and physical mechanism of a device based on the functional hybrid material: PTEDOT-AuNPs and its application in the field of non-volatile resistive memory. Firstly, we demonstrate the synthesis of this hybrid material as well as its electrical and physical characterization. The fabrication of nanodevice is then carried out by combining the photolithography and electropolymerization. During the electrical characterization, the forming process which is accompanied by a resistive switching of the device is demonstrated in the following. We discuss the physical nature of this phenomenon, and believed that it is related to a local change in temperature and the creation of a metal conducting paths. After that, the device exhibits two electrical behaviors: a negative differential resistance effect and a memory effect. The results obtained in the reliability test make it possible to demonstrate promising applications in nonvolatile resistive memories. In the study of the physical mechanisms of resistive switching between two distinct conductance states of our device, the formation of the conductive path between the two electrodes and the effect of trapping and trapping are the main mechanisms responsible for the forming process and the memory effect. Finally, we were interested in the realization of the "NanoCell" logic gate for molecular computing which based on our multi-terminal devices (6 electrodes). We proved that it is possible to realize two basic logic gates by choosing the level of the external threshold current after the configuration of "Nanocell"
Porque, Jerome. "Développement de dispositifs optiques intégrés à base de matériaux organiques-inorganiques." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20158.
Full textGrishin, André. "Réactivité interfaciale des composés à base de CeO2 dans des dispositifs électrochimiques hybrides fonctionnant à haute température." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC002.
Full textThis study deals with high-temperature fuel cells that differ in the nature of the electrolyte: solid oxide (SOFC) and molten carbonates (MCFC). Despite the current maturity of these technologies, the high temperature degradation of materials slows down large-scale development. We mainly focused on the evolution of SOFC systems. This work investigates first the deposition of atomic layers (ALD) of cerium oxide doped with yttrium (known for its electrocatalytic properties at the anode) and their electrochemical characterization, in order to show the influence of their microstructure on the reactivity under a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen. The orientation of these layers showed a significant increase in their reactivity. In a second time we studied composite electrolytes oxide-carbonates and, more particularly, the evolution of their electrical behavior under different experimental conditions approaching the operation of the SOFC. We have been able to deduce the mechanisms governing the ionic conductivity under various atmospheres and highlighted the interest of a thin layer between anode and electrolyte in a single cell. In both cases, very significant results have been obtained allowing SOFC / MCFC hybrid systems, including highly oriented thin films, to be considered as competitors with existing devices
Metri, Noura. "Elaboration de molécules pi-conjuguées à base de triphénylamine pour la réalisation de dispositifs photovoltaïques hybrides sensibilisés." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0521/document.
Full textSolid state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSC) are considered as an emerging technology in order to replace conventional silicon solar cells or even those using liquid electrolyte. In order to improve the performance of ssDSSC devices, we were interested by the development of star-shaped molecules derived from thieno[3,2-b]thiophene unit and triphenylamine core.Two series of new substituted triphenylamine (TPA) derivatives with thiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units (with and without nonyl group C9H19) were synthesized in a combinatorial manner. These compounds were obtained by Stille or Suzuki coupling with a yield between 11% and 37% (from six to ten steps).In order to determine the properties of these compounds, thermal, optical and electrochemical characterizations were carried out. The measurements by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a high stability of the compounds above 340°C. Differential thermal analysis (DSC) was used to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg) where the highest reaching 57°C. The optical and electronic gaps were determined by UV-Visible absorption ( we found from 2.87 eV to 2.41 eV in film) or cyclic voltammetry (we found from 3.26 eV to 2.60 eV). The energy levels of HOMO and LUMO were also determined by cyclic voltammetry. They showed adequate levels especially for HOMO levels (ideally HOMO between the dye and that of the cathode) for a photovoltaic application. Finally, hole mobility have shown encouraging results and promising ranging from 10-3 cm2.V-1.s-1 and 1 cm2.V-1.s-1.The theoretical study of these molecules was also carried out using molecular modeling as B3LYP. The energy levels (HOMO and LUMO), the optical gaps, and the energy of internal reorganization (giving an idea of the theoretical charges mobility) have the seam trend overlap the experimental data.The photovoltaic performance of these compounds was performed. An efficiency of 0.5% (not optimized results) has been obtained for the best of them. This efficiency was sustainable after one year. The pore filling ratio of this compound in TiO2 reached from 62 to 83%.Keywords : Solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSC), triphenylamine, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, thiophene, molecular glasses, theoretical calculations, pore filling
Maka, François. "Ingénierie et approche linguistique dans les dispositifs de FAD pour la formation continue des enseignants malgaches : étude de deux dispositifs." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL014.
Full textThis research is focused on distance training of primary school teachers in Madagascar, trained to teach French through French. The research is descriptive in nature, requiring the exploitation of both quantitative and qualitative data, based on modules of competences that need to be attained after the training. The development of the research problem has brought about research questions calling, first, for the need to know whether the trainees would find some modules more accessible, and others more difficult. Secondly, it was asked whether the two distance training systems “Mallette Pedagogue” and “IFADEM” would have the capacity to change positively the teachers, according to the linguistic and pedagogic objectives which were set to be reached. The implementation of the two systems took the form of experimentations, generally developed in rural areas with difficult access and hazardous environment. Despite these hurdles, efforts have been made to diversify the data sources, the research tools, etc. , given the multidisciplinary “etiquette” assigned to the research, as suggested in its title. The data obtained out of this context were analyzed and led to conclusions more or less in conformity with our hypotheses, showing some germs of changes towards professionalism, some positive reflections and attitudes, that the allotted training time allowed them to obtain. However, this work has thus appeared as a catalyst, opening up research paths for the future in the field of distance training of the teachers
Sanchez, Perez Célia. "Dispositifs optiques intègrés hybrides, verre / polymère électro-optique : applicationà un polariseur et à un modulateur de phase." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0159.
Full textBouabid, Louiza. "Pertinence des normes et standards dans les dispositifs de formation à distance." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802323.
Full textIssehnane, Sabina. "L'insertion des jeunes : une évaluation de dispositifs d'emploi et de formation professionnelle." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131015.
Full textSalmi, Louiza. "Pertinence des normes et standards dans les dispositifs de formation à distance." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAC036/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on standardization in the field of distance learning. Among the many proposed standards, our interest focuses on the enrichment of latest standard proposal, which is the IMS-LD standard. We would therefore introduce the standardization relevance notion which means the ability of IMS-LD prescribes learning scenarios that actually meet certain educational principles. For our research, we focused on an essential component of learning (Leontiev, 1981), it is the motivation to learn. From this thesis, we obtained three main results validated by conducting case studies: first, is an activity theories’ posteriori design based approach; It describes, from traces, the actual learning activity scenario taking into account its human factors. The second result is a taxonomy based on the speech acts theory; it allowed us to translate some motivation components as a set of speech acts observed in « Chat » discussion. The third result is a motivation descriptive model that reflects, from the traces, the perceptions and their origins. This model uses our taxonomy and is based on the adjacency pairs concept derived from conversational analysis. Finally, our conclusions explain further, our secondary results and provide opportunities for continuing our question about standards relevance
Rieben, Pierre. "Processus de conception d'instruments et de dispositifs de formation : Le cas de la formation ouverte et à distance." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21527.
Full textWe can consider that, since a year, the open and distance learning has gone beyond the stage of projects and tests pilote. To understand and discribe the design process of devices and tools for learning and teaching, to problematize the relations of learning, teaching and the relationship to knowledge in the case of open and distance learning, a triple examination has been commited (research in literature, study of three corpus, field study about the design of an e-portfolio. It's allowed to identify some queries. 1) the design process goes on into the use process which leads to ask again initial design ; 2) The representations that have structured the design of the e-portfolio also structured the group of design'actors - according to the hypothesis of Sallaberry ; 3) From Salais and Storper (coordinated action means that the actors have a common framework for action, but outside them likely to be re-built during the action), we have shown that the design of an e-portfolio as aprocess of coordinated action, based on agreements on coordinating the work of design ; 4) Considering artefacts developed in a process of design as objects intermediaries - according to the type of Jeantet and Vink -, we have identified, from the field study about the e-portfolio design process, as symbolic interfaces for structuring representations ans agreements actors on this design process ; 5) Looking after if it was relevant to consider the "report to know instrumented" notion, we have show that the use of an instrumentation in learning's field has an influence on the relationship to knowledge
Bourvon, Hélène. "Développement de dispositifs hybrides à base de nanocristaux colloïdaux pour l'émission et la photodétection dans le visible et l'infrarouge." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845447.
Full textBrudermann, Cédric. "La mise en place de dispositifs "hybrides" d'enseignement - apprentissage des langues en milieu universitaire. analyse didactique d'une recherche-action." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030148.
Full textThe perspective of this dissertation is to analyze how the teaching and learning processes are interacting in a multipolar environment [tutor, online help, learning strategies] in order to shed light on the conditions to which a numerical environment is liable to promote English as a foreign language and culture [hereinafter L-C 2] acquisition amongst ESP learners at university level. The first part of the dissertation deals with the learner. If the implementation of a pedagogical environment aims at providing him - her with tools enabling both a potential qualitative and quantitative progression in L-C 2, the learner indeed plays a central role within it, as a user. In order to achieve this objective, a reflection on the L-C 2 learning processes is necessary to take them into account, as far as possible, in the setting up of a pedagogical environment. The second part looks at how the considerations of SLA, second language learning and teaching and the pedagogical implications drawn from the first part can be linked up and turned into tailor-made tools liable to impact positively on the learners’ SLA processes. The third part is about pedagogical engineering with a particular emphasis on how both the pedagogical implications drawn from the first two parts and the various parameters inherent to a pedagogical setting can be taken into account to implement an L-C 2 blended learning environment. Eventually, action research is presented. This part aims at providing an analysis of the learning practices and of the multipolar interaction taking place within a blended environment and at assessing its potential in terms of SLA
Verdier, Benoît. "Professionnalisation des formateurs et dispositifs FOAD : l'influence des TIC sur un groupe professionnel." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000230.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this research is to show how ICT take part in the construction/deconstruction of an occupational group and then to contribut to one of the concerns of the Sociology of Professions through Information and Communication Sciences. In an interactionnist perspective, the occupational group can be defined as a composite entity made up of segments, distinct professional realities in negotiation and permanent competition. In this approach, professionalisation of an occupational group can be characterized as a dynamic process of relational configurations between segments which clash and operate various strategies according to their position within the group. This study focus on collective strategies generated by the introduction of ICT into social construction of the occupational group. And our task will consist in analyzing interactions between the identified segments, here characterized as collective actors. The purpose of our thesis is to reveal and to understand the sets of interactions between these collective actors of an occupational group —the segments—, and to comprehend the process of professionalisation. First of all, we will show how ICT uses can reveal a new segmentation of trainers' occupational group and thus characterize several segments. The process of professionalisation which takes part within the occupational group will be, then, questioned through a communications systemic analysis. What kind of relationship and strategies are taking place between these segments ? What is the underlying dynamic behind all these negotiations ?
Faingold, Nadine. "Décentration et prise de conscience : étude de dispositifs d'analyse des situations pédagogiques dans la formation des instituteurs." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100119.
Full textIt is possible to develop among student teachers a particular skill in finding adequate responses to specific cases, by training them in advance to conceive of different classroom type of situations, act them out, observe and analyze the results, and possibly change parameters of the inital sequence. A model based upon training-in-action and analysis of action taken was developed by the french "ecoles normales" from 1979 to 1991. There were two kinds of structures: on the one hand, video-training workshops alternating practice and analysis, the "laboratoires d'essais pedagogiques", (Mottet, 1986) ; on the other hand, coaching sessions using the technique of "entretien d'explicitation" developed by Vermersch (1990). Organizing feedback structures using video and explicitation as tools for investigation makes possible creating ways to analyze and modify teaching practices. The process of reflection is made clear in the training structures before being progressively integrated into action
Aussel, Lucie. "Évaluer les dispositifs : le cas d'un dispositif de formation de l'enseignement supérieur agricole." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20138/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to construct a model for evaluating training programs and to check its relevance by confronting it with empirical data. We conducted this intervention-research in the framework of a call for proposals and evaluated a social experiment bearing the characteristics of a training program. Within this context of commissioned research, we explain the emergence of an area for the research and articulation of a social dimension (for praxeological purposes) and an academic dimension (for heuristic purposes). The evaluation model is based on the method of accountability but also on the development of the actors involved. It mobilizes two different methodological orientations: “acquiring knowledge to objectify” and “acquiring knowledge to interpret”. The first takes a quantitative approach and measures the efficiency of the program; the second completes the first and facilitates its interpretation. The second orientation takes a qualitative approach measuring the cognitive developments of the training beneficiaries, characterizing the unexpected effects and efficiency as perceived by the actors involved. Thanks to the data analysis, we have been able to consolidate certain elements of the model, highlight some of its limits and offer some leverage points to help stabilize it. We propose adding a component to the second orientation “acquiring knowledge to interpret”, in order to focus on the analysis of change in the implementation of the program. Likewise, we provide five methodological, axiological, heuristic, epistemological and political leverage points which strengthen the general coherence of the model. The evaluation model has withstood the confrontation with empirical data
Serizel, Jacques. "Accompagnement médiactif et alternances présencielles/distancielles : recherche-action-formation dans des dispositifs universitaires." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2004/document.
Full textThe « mediaction » is defined as an action that positions itself by and through the tools of the Internet, the so-called « medium », which as an included third part, in a formative or educational operation, offers a cognitive mediation in a space-time in motion. Implemented in formative systems, it allows, thanks to the fuction of mediactive support, to imagine formative systems that alternate between presence (physical) and distance (virtual). We are here in presence of a new kind of guidance, which is distant at first, but mainly in-between presence and distance, in a second time. The particularity of this distant guidance lies in the fact that the operations position us in situations of « de-temporality » and « despatialization». A new form of guidance requires new skills and those of the mediactive supervisor must be understood in a position of articulation between the three phases of guidance, but also the four types of alternations and the five levels of interaction. Operations that are introduced, alternating presence/distance, involve mediated processes such as the Internet and hence the tools to access them. However, are actors in these operations not converging towards an object (the computer among others), through the knowledge and desire, the desire for discovery, in the same time as they are aiming at its own integration ? Do the subject-actor's behavior, the choices that he makes, technical possibilites (computer or not) not define his direction towards the object and terms highlighted by the action in the formative system alterning between presence/distance? It may be through the implementation of a process of appropriation through action, that emerges a new kind of freedom of expression. This process would then be called « approaction ».I relied on the tripolar formative theory to implement these learning operations. Three inseparable pillars of the existential self-learning at the core of which actors are involved in educational and formative knowledge« co-construction ». The permanent gateaway between the « despatialization» and « de-temporality » could then allow us to imagine a fourth pillar that would position the others (hetero) alternately in the presence and distance, opening the door to a « tetrapolarised »formation, that would revolutionize itself in a « mediaspheric » system,space of the mediactive guidance
Houarner-Rassin, Coralie. "Synthèse de complexes de ruthénium polypyridiniques fonctionnalisés par un polymère conducteur : application à la conception de dispositifs photovoltaïques hybrides solides." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2008.
Full textThe aim of this research project consists in the development of solid-state-dye-sensitized-solar-cells based on new organic materials consisting of a sensitizer directly wired to a conducting polymer. The first part of the manuscript was devoted to the preparation and the optimization of the photovoltaic device using N3 as sensitizer and poly(3-octylthiophene) as hole transporting material. The second part focuses on the synthesis, the characterization of new polypyridine ruthenium complexes and the measurement of their photovoltaic performances. The goal of this study was to design new sensitizers relying on a simple synthesis for their subsequent functionnalization by a polythiophene chain. The preparation and the grafting of the polymer on the ruthenium complex has been accomplished in the last part. This new approach proved to be valuable since the photovoltaic yield of the system with the grafted polymer is several folds superior to that of the unbounded sensitizer
Piedrahita-Bello, Mario. "Fabrication de nanocomposites et dispositifs à transition de spin pour des applications électromécaniques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30176.
Full textIn order to synergistically exploit the volume change of spin crossover (SCO) materials, polymeric SCO composite materials were fabricated thanks to molecular engineering and nanosciences. These materials were conceived with two applications in mind: thermal energy harvesting and artificial muscles. Regarding thermal energy harvesting applications, a series of SCO@P(VDF-TrFE) composites were elaborated. The volume change of the spin crossover phenomenon activates the piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer matrix when thermally stimulated. This leads to a current discharge at the spin transition temperatures, showing a synergistic effect between the piezoelectric polymer matrix and the SCO filler material. These materials can thus be used to recover electrical energy from small thermal excursions around the spin transition temperature. Regarding the fabrication of materials for the development of artificial muscles, a bilayer approach was used to amplify the effect of the volume change associated with the SCO phenomenon. Two different strategies were used to obtain these bilayer materials: 3D printing and solvent casting. 3D printing techniques allowed for the reproducible fabrication of SCO printed composites with very high control over their morphology, allowing us to obtain geometries never before seen for this kind of materials. Thermally activated bilayer actuators were successfully fabricated and their mechanical properties proved competitive with other materials in the field. Solvent casting techniques allowed us to obtain electrically conductive SCO bilayer actuators. These actuators were optimized via smart material design by the inclusion of aligned anisotropic spin crossover nanoobjects. These devices, electrically activated via Joule effect, are highly controllable, and closed-loop operation showed that they are highly resilient, robust, precise and efficient. A gripper demonstrator device was thus fabricated, showing the applicability of these materials in robotic devices. Finally, we successfully fabricated composite materials which exploit the volume change of the SCO phenomenon and which have applicability in electromechanical devices
Commandré, Monique. "L'organisation en formation ouverte : à la recherche d'une complémentarité : étude communicationnelle de dispositifs d'enseignement à distance et de formation multimédia." Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30032.
Full textGuerlin, Audrey. "Nouveaux chromophores électroactifs et luminescents pour le design de nanohybrides et de dispositifs optoélectroniques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0060.
Full textStudy of optical and electrochemical properties of post-functionalized silver and gold nanoparticles by a series of four ruthenium tris-bipyridine complexes was explored, in two different solvent media: in aqueous solution and in dichloromethane. At the same time, a novel heteroleptic Ir (III) complex incorporating a 4,5-diazafluorenedithiolate ligand, with dual functions of reducing and capping agent for the design of small-sized gold nanoparticles, was synthesized. A cascade mechanism of the reduction process was suggested and confirmed by DFT calculations and electrochemical studies. Finally, the effect of a gold nanoparticle on non-linear optical response of chromophores DAST derivates was investigated. A second work was focused on the synthesis and the study of optical and optoelectronic properties of organic and inorganic chromophores. A series of 11 novel chromophores consisting of electron-accepting groups connected through a central -conjugated system derived from oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (OPV) were designed and synthesized. Electronic and spectroscopic properties were investigated by UV-visible absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Then, we were interested on the synthesis of new iridium (III) soft salt and its use as emitter in OLED. Characteristics of the corresponding devices were investigated. Cationic complex of the iridium (III) soft salt was also investigated as single emitter for Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells (LEC) devices. In the same configuration, two dinuclear iridium (III) complexes containing a rigid and conjugated spacer, a carbazole group and a p-phenylenevinylene (PV) group, were used as emitter in OLED devices. Finally, two random copolymers bearing pendant mixed ligand orthometallated terpyridine-based cationic iridium (III) complexes, used as single layered electrophosphorescent emitters in Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes, were described and physicochemically characterized
Aumaitre, Cyril. "Synthèse et études de matériaux organiques absorbeurs visible-proche infrarouge pour la réalisation de cellules solaires hybrides." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV050/document.
Full textOn a global scale, the share of renewable energies in the energy mix is constantly increasing. Based on the principle of photosynthesis, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells are an emerging technology for Building Integration Photovoltaic (BIPV). These hybrid cells use an inorganic semiconductor oxide whose surface is covered with an organic dye. The absorption of the incident light by this dye will cause the injection of an electron from the photo-excited state of the molecule into the conduction band of the oxide. A redox mediator present in the electrolyte will regenerate the oxidized dye and generate a current under illumination. The dyes already described in the literature shows efficiencies reaching 14%. On the other hand, very few of these materials can absorb up to the near infrared range (NIR) (700-1000 nm). Thereby, the absorption of the NIR spectral range could lead to a greater photo-generated current density. In this context, this work presents a complete study of new panchromatic dyes extending into the near infrared range. For this study, the "donor-acceptor" approach was used to obtain the desired optoelectronic properties. A first family based on benzothiadiazole derivatives has been developed leading to very good absorption properties in the NIR region (absorption up to 925 nm). The optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of these materials have been studied in order to understand the limitations for solar cell applications. Following this, a new dye family based on isoindigo derivatives was synthesized and studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy, electrochemistry and DFT simulation. These compounds strongly absorbs in the UV-visible and NIR spectral range up to 848 nm. The dyeing bath composition and the electrolyte formulation were optimized in order to obtain a device conversion efficiency of 5.76%. Photophysical measurements have allowed us to have a fine understanding of the limiting factors of these dyes. On the basis of this observation, we improved the structure of one of the dye and witg this new molecule we reached a power conversion efficiency of 7.0% with a UV-Visible and near infrared absorption for the solar cell. In the last part of this work we have also obtained preliminary results employing various alternative materials to the TiO2/iodine system
Mohib, Najoua. "Dispositifs de formation et développement des compétences professionnelles : la question de l'engagement dans l'agir professionnel." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2005/MOHIB_Najoua_2005.pdf.
Full textFacing the economic imperative of the « promotion of intensive competitiveness, we find that under social pressures, deep modifications- especially being closer to the working world – are needed. Within this context, priority is now giver to a strategy of “thinking towards action” of training programs the aim of which is to establish the creation of activities based on the professional competence showed both by the initial idea and its practical implications. After an analysis of the processes of research leading to enlighten the development of potential, we then face the question: “how are they being created and how one can be trained to create them?” We decided to approach the problem, traditionally analyzed from the point of view of the realization of actions, under a new angle: the passage towards action. The starting point leading this work is that in order to commit oneself to professional action- meaning being able to face risks and uncertainties to do so – the individual must feel that a “role model”, who has authority, gives permission. In order to explore the processes underlying the commitment of the subject to action geared towards efficiency together with the legitimacy attached to organizations aiming at changing individuals, we based ourselves on a qualitative work founded on the analysis of discourse. The corpus behind this research analyzed 12 pedagogical documents, 22 interactive propositions lead by 3 acting individuals: former leaners, supervisors and tutors. The results show the difficulty to grasp the complexity of the “studied matter” they lead us however to change slightly our starting research hypothesis. The various forms of “legitimization” leading to the process of authorization refer more to a quest both towards socialization and recognition by others rather than to a personal individual reference
El, Osta Racha. "De nouveaux solides hybrides poreux : synthèse, caractérisation, mécanismes de formation et séparation en phase liquide." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0028.
Full textDuring the last decade, research on the synthesis of MOF (Metal-Organic Framework) porous materials has been the subject of many studies due to potential applications of the materials. These crystalline compounds present three-dimensional atomic structures constructed from inorganic motifs linked by organic ligands (polycarboxylic acid) forming cavities with different geometries (cages, tunnels, etc. . . ) with sizes up to 30-40 Å and characterized by high specific surface areas (500-4000 m2. G-1). The prospect of new applications in the area of separation, recovery and purification of organic molecules in liquid phase using a porous inorganic-organic hybrid was a challenge to be addressed in the context of this thesis. The innovative and very promising properties of MIL-53 (Fe) led to a new method for the separation of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and the three isomers of xylene) by HPLC chromatography. In addition, the solvothermal synthesis, crystal structure resolution and physicochemical characterizations of various lightweight solids based on alkali metals (lithium and sodium) and polycarboxylic acids have been reported, as well as the study of the mechanisms of formation of some MOFs by in situ X-ray diffraction (synchrotron radiation). Using a new kinetic model it has proved possible to distinguish the two main steps of the phenomenon of crystallization: nucleation and growth
Ziani, Ghaouti. "Place des forums dans un dispositif de formation hybride appuyé sur la plateforme Moodle et médiatisation des savoirs : étude de cas en France et en Algérie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0246.
Full textThe university context of hybrid formation, articulating group lessons and distance is apprehended here as a field of study on communication practices and media coverage of knowledge between learners. The question that guides our research is: How to explain the use or non-use communication tools of learning platforms of higher education? Are the activities of learners with platform communication tools (discussion forums) are knowledge activities? We have been situated in an interpretative epistemology, which oriente our attention on the discourses of interviewees (teachers and students) in two different cultural contexts, the University of Lorraine in France and universities of Tlemcen and Ouargla in Algeria. We examine media coverage of knowledge by convening the concepts of knowledge activities (Gérard, 2000) to analyze the discourse on activities that students are communication tools.At the end of our empirical study, we show that a hybrid device communication tools platform for learning open a range of possibilities but does not select for themselves the path that will monitoring for mediatisation of knowledges among learners. It responds to social and educational constraints facing uses. The mediatisation of knowledges is the product of interactions between all opened by the communication tools of learning platform opportunities, other communication practices, and social and educational constraints (role of the teacher, student engagement, ...) which characterize the context of inserting these communication devices. In this educational context, we found it almost impossible to imagine a process of appropriation discussion forums it is exclusively individual. It always passes through others and social relationships and even the process of knowledge construction
Ziani, Ghaouti. "Place des forums dans un dispositif de formation hybride appuyé sur la plateforme Moodle et médiatisation des savoirs : étude de cas en France et en Algérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0246.
Full textThe university context of hybrid formation, articulating group lessons and distance is apprehended here as a field of study on communication practices and media coverage of knowledge between learners. The question that guides our research is: How to explain the use or non-use communication tools of learning platforms of higher education? Are the activities of learners with platform communication tools (discussion forums) are knowledge activities? We have been situated in an interpretative epistemology, which oriente our attention on the discourses of interviewees (teachers and students) in two different cultural contexts, the University of Lorraine in France and universities of Tlemcen and Ouargla in Algeria. We examine media coverage of knowledge by convening the concepts of knowledge activities (Gérard, 2000) to analyze the discourse on activities that students are communication tools.At the end of our empirical study, we show that a hybrid device communication tools platform for learning open a range of possibilities but does not select for themselves the path that will monitoring for mediatisation of knowledges among learners. It responds to social and educational constraints facing uses. The mediatisation of knowledges is the product of interactions between all opened by the communication tools of learning platform opportunities, other communication practices, and social and educational constraints (role of the teacher, student engagement, ...) which characterize the context of inserting these communication devices. In this educational context, we found it almost impossible to imagine a process of appropriation discussion forums it is exclusively individual. It always passes through others and social relationships and even the process of knowledge construction
Freitas, Salgueiredo Camila. "Biomimicry and the low carbon vehicle : generation of innovative bio-inspired concepts using the C-K theory." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE021/document.
Full textBiologically inspired design, also called bioinspired design, biomimetics or biomimicryproposes the use of Nature, or biological knowledge, as a source of inspiration to improve orconceive new designs. Integrating the biologically inspired design approach into theinnovation process of companies could then allow the generation of more innovative and sustainable concepts.This thesis, realized during three years at a French automaker (Renault) research and development department had two objectives: to understand the mechanisms of the biologically inspired design and to apply this approach to a case belonging to an innovation field of the automotive sector.In order to understand the mechanisms of biologically inspired design we studied theliterature about bio-inspired concepts and inventions.We have chosen a design theory, the C-K theory, to analyse the design process of these literature examples. This allowed us to propose a model for bio-inspiration.We applied this model inspired by the C-K theory to the low carbon vehicle innovation field.This field includes the development of innovations allowing passenger cars to reduce theirenvironmental footprint, mainly the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Thecarbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to the climate change phenomena. Theidentification of the path where concept partitioning is required in this field began with theconstruction of a concepts space, using knowledge of company experts on the subject.Reorganizing these concepts and building a knowledge base on the strategies for CO2 emissions allowed us to map this innovation field. The vehicles with more than oneenergy source, such as electrified internal combustion engine vehicles and hybrid vehicleswere the path chosen for the research of bio-inspired concepts.A research about energy in nature led us to identify the energy in animal cells, particularlythose in humans as an interesting biological knowledge base. Human energy properties suchas cells with more than one kind of energy storage, with at least two metabolic pathways torecharge these stores are interesting to revise the knowledge about energy store andconversion in multi-energy vehicles. Besides, the human sportive performance has appearedto be an interesting knowledge base, as the training techniques and the running techniquesduring a race can influence the way athletes use their energy.These two biological bases have led us to formulate a bio-inspired concept based on therunning patterns observed in runners during races superior to 1500~m. The speed profilesrecorded show a spontaneous speed variation chosen by the runner, in order to better use itslimited anaerobic energy stores. For a vehicle, this could mean that varying its speed couldallow a lower fuel consumption than using a constant speed. This bio-inspired concept wasexplored in this thesis with the realization of tests in a dedicated test track and simulations. These tests show the potential of this concept for conventional vehicles and its limitations.This work opens the way for analysing the vehicle energetics in the light of human energetics.The versatility of human activities could help on the development of vehicles adapting todifferent use cases. Further research could also use the knowledge about the dynamic modelling of energy in vehicles to complete the empirical approaches used to model the human energy management, allowing a betteroptimization of running strategies. The study of the bio-inspiration process using a designtheory also allowed a better comprehension of the reasons for using this approach and of theconditions for successfully applying it in the innovative process of a company
Sautereau, Laurent. "Les dispositifs d'analyse de la pratique dans le travail social et les stratégies paradoxales." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3040.
Full textFor what reasons are practice analysis programs widely used in the field of social work? This is the question which prompted us to explore these programs, the social work practices and their paradoxes. In spite of the theoretical diversity among all practice analysis programs, the quest for sense seems to be a motive common to all. A number of elements contribute to questioning the sense of social workers’ action : a « professional group » with blurred boundaries, instability in the definition of their missions, instability in the public and social work methods; societal changes linked to the effects of post modernity. Such an unstable combination of facts may produce paradoxes which, according to Barel (1989), are due to systems being all tangled up. These systems, depending on the existential and societal contexts of the actors involved may appear merged and non-paradoxical to them, or separate and paradoxical. Such paradoxes alter the sense of the action. To adapt, actors may resort to «double» strategies that enable to answer contradictory instructions, stemming from different systems. By observing and analyzing a practice analysis program implemented in a medical social centre, we will therefore seek to identify the paradoxes involved, their nature and the strategies developed to regulate them
Charron, Guillaume. "Étude de la formation et de l'évolution d'espèces hybrides au sein d'un système de levures sauvages." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36450.
Full textL’hybridation a souvent été considérée comme impossible ou encore comme un faux pas de la part des espèces, donnant naissance à de soi-disant culs-de-sac évolutifs. Les observations de lignées hybrides et l’accumulation de données génomique nous ont permis de comprendre que plusieurs organismes participent à des événements d’hybridation. On reconnaît aujourd’hui l’hybridation comme un mécanisme puissant de génération de nouvelles lignées. Cependant, la contribution de l’hybridation au processus de spéciation est une des questions qui reste en suspens. Quelques exemples de spéciation par hybridation ont été décrits chez les plantes et les animaux, mais peu de données à ce sujet ont été récoltées chez les microorganismes sexués. Les exemples chez les microorganismes se limitent à des organismes ayant un lien intime avec les activités humaines (pathogènes ou ferments). Le manque de données sur les populations naturelles de microorganismes pourrait laisser croire que leurs hybrides sont peu compétitifs ou encore infertiles, menant à leur extinction dans l’environnement. Au cours des travaux effectué dans le cadre cette thèse, nous avons utilisé une approche de génomique des populations sur une collection de souches naturelles de la levure Saccharomyces paradoxus. La biogéographie de cette espèce suggère que les deux lignées indigènes de l’Amérique du Nord sont en cours de spéciation. Nos analyses ont révélé une lignée auparavant cryptique qui est le résultat d’un évènement de spéciation par hybridation entre ces deux espèces naissantes. À l’aide de ce système d’étude, nous avons exploré en laboratoire deux aspects de l’hybridation. Premièrement, nous avons comparé la croissance d'hybrides à celle de leurs lignées parentales dans plusieurs environnements à la recherche d’une performance diminuée des hybrides qui pourrait expliquer leur rareté dans leur environnement naturel. Cette approche nous a permis de montrer que les hybrides de souches naturelles ont souvent des phénotypes supérieurs à ceux des parents. En second lieu, nous avons utilisé une méthode d’évolution expérimentale pour suivre la dynamique de la fertilité après l’hybridation. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent qu’après l’hybridation, les hybrides infertiles peuvent redevenir fertiles rapidement à la suite d’évènements spontanés de duplication du génome. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse contribuent à l’amélioration des connaissances à propos de la contribution de l'hybridation à la formation de nouvelles espèces, particulièrement chez les organismes unicellulaires. De plus, les souches génétiquement modifiées et évoluées disponibles pourront être utilisées dans le cadre de futures recherches à propos d’autres aspects de l’écologie et de l’évolution des hybrides.
Hybridization was often considered as impossible or as a blunder for species, as it gave birth to so-called evolutionary dead ends. The observations of hybrid lineages and the accumulation of genomic data lead to the realization that hybridization is rather common in multiple organisms. Hybridization is now recognized as a powerful mechanism for the generation of new lineages. One of the questions still pending is about the contribution of hybridization to the speciation process. The few examples of hybrid speciation remain limited to plants and animals. Little data is available for sexual microorganisms which could lead to the belief that their hybrids are poor competitors or suffer from infertility, leading to their extinction in the environment. In the course of this thesis, we used a population genomics approach on a collection of natural isolates of the yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus. The biogeography of this species suggests that the two indigenous lineages found in North America are nascent species. Our analyses revealed a precedently cryptic lineage which rose from the hybridization of the two incipient species. Using this study system in the laboratory, we explored two aspects of hybridization. We first compared the growth of hybrids to their parents’ in multiple environments in search of decreased hybrid performance which could explain their rarity in the natural environment. This approach allowed us to show that hybrids between natural strains often show superior phenotypes when compared to their parents. We then used experimental evolution to follow the dynamics of fertility following hybridization. Our results suggest that initially infertile hybrids can rapidly become fertile again following spontaneaous genome duplication events. The results presented in this thesis contribute to a better understanding of how hybridization can shape the formation of new species, particularly in microorganisms. Also, the genetically modified and evolved strains available can be used in future studies about the ecology and evolution of hybrids.