Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dispositifs émetteurs de lumière'
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Longo, Antonio Valerio. "Development of alternate-current thin-film electroluminescent devices based on manganese-doped zinc sulfide quantum-dot technology." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP7253.
Full textIn this work we address the development of a light-emitting device, based on manganesedoped zinc sulfide nanoparticles, working under the application of an alternate-current voltage. Our device is based on a simple capacitive configuration implying a single layer of spin-cast nanoparticles sandwiched between two insulating thin films. In the first part of our work, we studied the nanoparticle system from a fundamental point of view. These nanoparticles, synthesized without the use of any surfactant by a microwave-assisted synthesis, are characterized by a phosphorescence activity in the orange region of the visible spectrum stemming from manganese dopants. In our work, we have observed and studied an enhancement of this optical activity under prolonged UV-light exposition. Our investigation allowed us to ascribe this phenomenon to a local lattice-strain effect around manganese chromophores due to a surface oxidation process induced by UV light. In a second part of our work, we focused on the dielectric properties of the insulating layers, consisting in an hafnium oxide film deposited by atomic layer deposition. By exploring several layer thicknesses and deposition temperatures, we have optimized the dielectric properties of the film, leading to more reliable and robust results. Moreover, we have also addressed the possibility of depositing an alumina layer by an in solution sol-gel approach, highlighting the main limitations of this technique. In the third part of the manuscript, the main characteristics of the complete electroluminescent device are addressed. More specifically, we recovered the orange emission band due to manganese doping, as well as the typical threshold behavior of the intensity of the emitted light as a function of the applied voltage. By exploiting structural characterization, impedance spectroscopy measurements and a careful comparison with theoretical works on similar devices, we have been able to state that the mechanism behind the observed light emission is a fieldinduced charge-creation process within the active layer only, followed by charge transport across the layer and radiative recombination within a single nanoparticle. Compared to previous works based on manganese-doped zinc sulfide nanoparticles, our key point has been the use of uncoated nanoparticles which allowed to achieve a very compact nanoparticle arrangement, favoring the physical mechanism mentioned above. Our work constitutes a step forward in the development of more compact, industrially feasible and eco-friendly light emitting devices
Dhbaibi, Kais. "Systèmes pi-conjugués hélicèniques émetteurs de lumière circulairement polarisée." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S106.
Full textNew circularly polarized light emitter based on helicenic conjugated systems were synthesized and their optical and chiroptical properties were investigated. The first chapter is devoted to a bibliographic study describing the main properties of helicene, their synthetic access and the different types of applications of these molecules. The second chapter is dedicated to the preparation of new helicenic systems via the unprecedented association between achiral dye diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and enantioenriched carbo[6]helicene. Excitonic coupling induced between DPPs pigments at the extremity of the helical center lead to red and nearinfrared circularly polarized luminescence. In the third chapter of this manuscript, we describe the synthesis, the optical and the chiroptical properties of a new family of helicene-naphthalimide helical chromophore. In particular, the effect of the solvent polarity on the chiral excited state will be discussed in detail via CPL characterization. The fourth chapter reports the evolution of the chiroptical responses of the helicene molecule with the spatial extension of the system and the variation of charge transfer character within these twisted systems. The functionalization of the carbo[6]helicene precursor with different electron donor and electron acceptor fragment is described. Photophysical, electrochemical and chiroptical properties is reported and analyzed
Sotta, David. "Milieux émetteurs de lumière et microcavité optique en silicium monocristalline sur isolant." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10192.
Full textHadj, Alouane Mohamed Helmi. "Vers des émetteurs de lumière de longueurs d’ondes contrôlées à base de nanostructures InAs/InP." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0045/document.
Full textLa complexité des systèmes de télécommunications par fibre optique évolue rapidement de façon à offrir plus de bande passante. Comme ce fut le cas pour l’industrie de la microélectronique, l’intégration de composants photoniques avancés est requise pour la production de composants de haute qualité aux fonctions multiples. C’est dans ce contexte, que s’inscrit ce travail qui consiste à contrôler la longueur d’onde d’émission des nanostructures InAs fabriquées dans deux types matrice InP. En effet, le premier volet de ce travail consiste à étudier les îlots quantiques InAs dans une matrice d’InP massif et sera dédié principalement à l’investigation de l’impact de l’interdiffusion sélective sur les propriétés optiques de bâtonnets quantiques (BaQs) élaborées par l’épitaxie par jets moléculaires (EJM). Un prototype d’une source modulable en longueur a été achevé à base de ces hétérostructures. Un modèles théorique qui traite de l’activation et du transfert thermique des porteurs à travers les BaQs de différentes tailles, créés par l’implantation ionique contrôlée a été développé. Les acquits obtenues dans le premier thème nous ont permis d’aborder une deuxième thématique très concurrentielle liée à l’étude des structures à Nanofils (NFs) InP et des hétérostructures à nanofils InAs/InP allant des structures 1D cœur/coquilles aux structures contenant une BQ InAs par nanofil InP par EJM en mode VLS (Vapeur-Liquide-Solide) sur substrat silicium. Nous avons révélé par différentes techniques spectroscopiques (PL, excitation de PL, microPL, PLRT) des propriétés optiques très spécifiques et particulièrement intéressantes : fort rapport surface/volume impactant sur les durées de vie des porteurs photocrés, présence de différentes phases cristallines (Wurtzite et Zinc-blende) au sein d’un même nanofil en fonction des conditions de croissance. Nous avons pu réaliser des couches actives des émetteurs à base de NFs dans lesquels nous avons privilégié la formation de segments d’InAs assimilables à des boîtes quantiques avec une forte localisation spatiale des porteurs et un très fort maintient de la luminescence en fonction de la température. Les mesures de PL montrent que les segments d’InAs émettent dans la gamme 1.3-1.55 µm ce qui montre le potentiel d’applications de ce type de nanofils dans une technologie des télécommunications par fibres optiques
Ouvrard, Jean-Marc. "Etude de différents dispositifs permettant de mesurer les variations lentes de la phase des émetteurs ondes longues." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2370.
Full textJoos, Maxime. "Dispositifs hybrides : nanoparticules couplées à une nanofibre optique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS153.
Full textIn this thesis, we present an experimental study of hybrid systems where nano-emitters are coupled to optical nanofibers. The strong transverse confinement of light in sub-wavelength fibres implies an “exotic” electric field (longitudinal electric field component, inhomogeneous polarisation etc.) that we use in order to alter the radiation properties of nano-emitter placed at the surface of the nanofiber. Based on the same system : nano-particle + nanofibre, we developped an “optical ruler” to localise the nanofiber with nanometer precision. This open the way to the study of nanofibre optomechanics
Jouy, Pierre. "Dispositifs quantiques en régime de couplage ultra-fort lumière-matière pour l'optoélectronique dans le moyen infrarouge." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700819.
Full textNguyen, Quoc Thai. "Émetteurs achromatiques pour le réseau d'accès optique haut débit multiplexé en longueurs d'onde." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598529.
Full textPlumereau, Christine. "Utilisation de plasmons de surface à faibles pertes pour la modulation de la lumière par effet électro-optique." Saint-Etienne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STET4007.
Full textPerrot, Olivier. "Étude théorique des propriétés statistiques de la lumière dans les dispositifs optiques à deux modes couples : génération d'états comprimés." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112050.
Full textIn this work we present two approaches in order to estimate the evolution of quantum fluctuations on the components of a field coupled with its second harmonic. In the first approach, the numerical calculation is performed by integrating all the components of the matrix-density of the two modes-field, while in the second one, we expand Taylor series of the observables, on a computer using the symbolic language REDUCE. Then, these series are estimate with quadratic Pade approximants. From this study, we take out the mains properties of this device: Whatever input fields, the maximum reduction of fluctuations is reached for one optimal time interaction. This device can squeeze thermal fields. In all the cases, the squeezing increases with the intensity of inpùt-fields. Squeezing appears as a quantum macroscopic effect
Regrettier, Thomas. "Modulateurs de lumière à commande optique composés d'une couche photovoltaïque organique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD038.
Full textThe performances of liquid crystals (LCs) based optically addressed Spatial Light Modulators (OASLMs) strongly depends on the photosensitive layer properties. To accommodate device transparency, lateral resolution and low cost production, organic semiconductors appear as the ideal candidates. We chose to use a P3HT: PCBM blend as the photosensitive layer. Our results showed that the liquid crystals reorient according to the luminous intensity alone and without external power supply. Additional measurements indicate that the photovoltaic effect is at the origin of this phenomenon. This type of device allowed spatial modulation of the LCs orientation and demonstrates its potential in holographic applications. A second type of device integrating interfacial layers of PEIE and PEDOT: PSS allowed us to control the orientation of the LCs and gives promising routes towards the design of self-sustainable OASLMs
Henneghien, Anne-Line. "Étude et optimisation de l'émission et de l'extraction de lumière des nanofils semiconducteurs grand gap : application à des dispositifs électroluminescents." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558359.
Full textHenneghien, Anne-Line. "Étude et optimisation de l’émission et de l’extraction de lumière des nanofils semiconducteurs grand gap : application à des dispositifs électroluminescents." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY072.
Full textThe current blue or white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are constituted by planar layers of GaN. The use of the nanowires as active layer is a hard and new concept which brings numerous potential advantages and revolutionizes the rules of LED design. This thesis deals with the light emission and extraction of nanowire structures made of wide band gap semi-conductors such as GaN or ZnO. The issue is to understand and to optimize the processes of extraction with the aim of a LED use. We were more particularly interested in three nanowire organizations attractive for the extraction. The first concept concerns nanowires which are enough separated to be considered as isolated. The emission properties of these structures are mainly controlled by the competition between localized resonance (whispering gallery modes) and guided modes which channel and propagate the spontaneous emission towards the nanowires ends. Our second contribution concerns the study of ensembles of small dense nanowires. Goniometry experiments on GaN nanowires made by MBE put in evidence the interest of a nanowires modelling by an effective anisotropic medium. The simulations of the extraction of these devices on silicon substrate are very promising for the creation of efficient and low cost LEDs. Perspectives on nanowires use in periodic organized array so as to realize a photonic crystal are the third part of the thesis. A numerical model allowed suggesting rules of arrays design
Laforest, Timothé. "Nouveaux dispositifs intégrés pour l'analyse et le contrôle de lumière cohérente : conception conjointe de circuits opto-électroniques et systèmes optiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT113/document.
Full textAmong the optical medical imaging techniques used in medicine, the main limitation is the low resolution at a penetration depth greater than a few mm. This limitation does not allows competing with the standard imaging techniques such as X rays or RMI based imaging. In that scope, the acousto-optical imaging features several advantages: it allows measuring an optical contrast useful to detect tumors, in conjunction with the spatial resolution of ultrasound. However, the state of the art detecting devices feature a lack of sensitivity, which prevent its transfer to medical practitioners.This leads us to study the intrinsic features of the acousto-optical signal in order to propose two CMOS pixel architectures. The first one, fully analog, is compliant with the correlation time of biological tissue (1 ms typ.) and features an analog processing of the relevant signal. The second one is based on a digital pixel which contains an analog to digital converter, allowing simplifying the optical setup and increasing the robustness of the processing.In addition, related to the recent progress in wavefront control, an opto-electronic device, coupled with the first pixel architecture, has been proposed. It allows performing an optical phase operation (e.g. phase conjugation) in parallel on a pixels array, within the correlation time of biological media. Thus, this monolithic device circumvents the speed limitations of state of the art setup by a physical stacking of a liquid crystals spatial light modulator over a CMOS image sensor
Baril, Alexandre. "Prototype d'éclairage intelligent aux DELs avec un modulateur lumineux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27580.
Full textSince the massive invasion of LED lighting over the illumination market, a clear trend of need appeared for a more efficient and targeted lighting. The project leads this trend by developing an evaluation board to test smart lighting applications with a new liquid crystal light modulator recently developed for broadening LED light beams. These modulator are controlled by electricals signals and they are characterised by a very linear working zone. This feature allows the implementation of a closed loop control with a sensor feedback. We show that the use of computer vision is a promising opportunity for closed loop control. The developed evaluation board integrates the liquid crystal modulator, a camera, a LED light source and all the required electronics to implement a closed loop control with a computer vision algorithm.
Chou, Ivone. "Dispositifs techniques et ségrégations urbaines, le cas de l’éclairage urbain à Rio de Janeiro." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0109/document.
Full textThe night and the favela are complimentary when talking about of ambiguity, contradictory discourses and fantasies that pervade our imagination. The night is associated itself with usability, inspiration and party. But, next to the city of light, the night shows its dark side, which is based on a collective imagination, full of fears which strengthen the stigma of an undesirable territory: the favela. In relation to the design and uses of urban space in Rio de Janeiro, knowledge appears incomplete when analyzing the real impact of actions carried out in terms of lighting, the qualification, the perception and the identity of the city by night. The mechanisms that can stimulate the segregation and merge different spaces in the city, according of access or not to the public lighting services, are unknown. The originality of this work relies on the analysis of social issues of light, to understand urban fragmentation. A remarkable feature of the carioca landscape is the heterogeneous distribution of the points of light in the urban landscape. The proximity between neighborhoods and favelas, have prompted reflections on the role of the light as justice indicator or marker of injustice in the urban space. In this context we initiated our research by focusing on the social question, the lighting effects of distinct actions between the wealthy neighborhoods and favelas, and how different individuals interpret, perceive and live there. From the case analysis of neighborhoods of Botafogo, Copacabana and Ipanema, as well the favelas Santa Marta, Cantagalo and Pavão-Pavãozinho, we proceeded to analyze the segregation of proximity and the social role of the light. The representation of opposition between light/shadow, good/bad, becomes entangled in the identification and representative expressions of urban night. These embedded conflicts and the complexity of the urban landscape make the whole a singular subject
Albin, Stéphane. "Simulation de sources lumineuses complexes en tracé de rayons : application à la simulation de dispositifs optiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785196.
Full textEl, Kahlout Samy. "Caractérisation des pertes dépendant de la polarisation (PDL) dans les composants optiques tout-fibre (Biconiques)." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES028.
Full textThe insertion of the all fiber components in the optical transmission networks induced complete revolution in the transmission debits flows and in the transmission networks architecture. However, factors of deterioration that affect on the transmitted signal in these networks became very important to be studied and to be characterized. The polarization of light and its effects, as Polarization Dependant Loss (PDL) and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD), are more studied factors of deterioration. This work of thesis interests on the loss effect linked to the state of Polarization at the entrance of an all-fiber component (tapered fiber). The objective of this work is to know the sensitivity to the dependant loss of polarization (PDL) of this component. Several simulation methods of PDL are proposed. These methods use the geometrical form of the tapered structure component like a basis of calculation. A method is based on Jones formalism. The other methods calculate the PDL from of coupled modes theory that associated to pseudo random perturbation on the geometrical form of tapered structure. These methods have been applied on theorical tapered structure (create by the program of simulation) and on the real tapered structure (realized by the fabrication and characterization bench. The realization of several tapered components and the measure of the PDL permit to confront these methods to the applied measures
Razzak, Mustapha. "Commutateur optique 3D à cristal liquide ferroélectrique pour le routage de canaux optiques WDM." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10032.
Full textDeeb, Angham. "Place et rôle de l'enseignant intervenant dans des dispositifs de formation à distance à l'université : le cas du campus numérique FORSE à l’Université Lumière-Lyon 2." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2060/document.
Full textE-learning knows a strong growth and, that, with the aim of responding to an important request. This type of learning gives access to teaching for populations who could not have the formation by a different way.In e-learning, French abbreviation FAD, the process of teaching/learning is transformed. The research that we led has for main objective to clarify the transformations that undergoes teacher’s role interfering in a distance university education. In other words, this research aims to identify teacher’s roles and functions in a FAD context. We worked in the Educational Sciences field. Such transformations would gain to be specified and better known to be considered by university’s teachers in the building of any FAD device. Our research work, that is the object of this thesis, is concerned by the following question: “How the use of a platform could have modified place and roles of university teachers in Educational Sciences involved in this device?”.The presented results make the analysis of data collected by semi-structured interviews realized with teachers and students of the LUMIERE LYON II University, involved in distance Master1 in Educational Sciences. For this work, we sent to students a questionnaire to collect results that we analyzed
Odent, Vincent. "Localisation spatiale de la lumière dans des systèmes à cristaux liquides." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802767.
Full textSeidemann, Johanna. "Iontronic - Étude de dispositifs à effet de champ à base des techniques de grilles liquides ioniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY075/document.
Full textIonic liquids are non-volatile fluids, consisting of cations and anions, which are ionically conducting and electrically insulating and hold very high capacitances. These liquids have the ability to not only to replace solid electrolytes, but to create strongly increased electric fields (>SI{10}{megavoltpercentimetre}) in the so-called electric double layer (EDL) on the electrolyte/channel interface, which leads to the injection of 2D charge carrier densities up to SI{e15}{cm^{-2}}. The remarkably strong gate effect of ionic liquids is diminished in the presence of trapped states and roughness-induced surface disorder, which points out that atomically flat transition metal dichalcogenides of high crystal quality are some of the semiconductors best suited for EDL-gating.We realised EDL-gated field-effect transistors based on multi-walled ce{WS2} nanotubes with operation performance comparable to that of EDL-gated thin flakes of the same material and superior to the performance of backgated ce{WS2} nanotubes. For instance, we observed mobilities of up to SI{80}{squarecentimetrepervoltpersecond} for both p- and n-type charge carriers and our current on-off ratios exceed SI{e5}{} for both polarities. At high electron doping levels, the nanotubes show metallic behaviour down to low temperatures. The use of an electrolyte as topgate dielectric allows the purely electrostatic formation of a pn-junction. We successfully fabricated a light-emitting transistor taking advantage of this utility.The ability of high charge carrier doping suggests an electrostatically induced metal phase or superconductivity in large gap semiconductors. We successfully induced low temperature metallic conduction into intrinsic diamond with hydrogen-terminated surface via field-effect and we observed a gate effect in doped, metallic silicon.Ionic liquids have many advantageous properties, but their applicability suffers from the instability of their liquid body, gate leakage currents and absorption of impurities. An effective way to bypass most of these problems, while keeping the ability of ultra-high charge carrier injection, is the gelation of ionic liquids. We even went one step further and fabricated modified ion gel films with the cations fixed on one surface and the anions able to move freely through the film. With this tool, we realised a novel low-power field-effect diode
Malet-Damour, Bruno. "Contribution à l'étude des dispositifs de guides lumineux tubulaires (D.G.L.T.) appliqués au bâtiment : expérimentation, modélisation et validation." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0026/document.
Full textDesigning a building with comfort and energy conservation concerns is a key issue. In the alarming global context, both on energy-climate that the building sector is singled out. In France, the lighting is among the poor performers compared to other European countries. The country lags behind in quality tertiary or residential lighting in terms of energy performance, visual comfort or health. The organization of "2015, Année de la Lumière en France" by the ONU, UNESCO and the CNOP shows a change which tends to take place in the popular consciousness. Reunion Island, considering its strong solar radiation, is a land of choice to experiment with innovative devices in the contribution of daylight in buildings. For this purpose, the physical approach of the phenomenon provides prediction prospects, where the theoretical study of today will be tomorrow's building. Starting with a generalist approach, this PhD thesis aims to be as comprehensive as possible in the literature review, experimental and modelling study of the TDGS (Tubular Daylight Guide Systems) applied to the building. Our bibliographic survey has revealed that, this process is commonly marketed and installed internationally on the buildings concerned about their environmental impact or well-being of their occupants. However, the literature also shows they are poorly studied, and the approaches cannot be applied to all types of climates. In this context, a full-scale experimental study, including many scenarios was conducted to understand the phenomena involved.The semi-empirical modelling has both strengths and weaknesses. With simplicity, it remains limited to a configuration or a particular climate. In this issue, this research offers a solution: a numeric tool of dedicated modelling environment, ensuring the generation of the models according to need, called HEMERA. It uses the power of genetic algorithms to provide an effective solution to a local problem. The computer code CODYRUN is the support of the validation of the model developed as part of this work, and adjusted specifically for the climate of Reunion Island. This software profits an experience and a development of over 20 years in the PIMENT laboratory
Debroucke, Romain. "Développements de capacités variables en technologie silicium pour les applications RF et mmW." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10135.
Full textMultiplication of standards and communication protocols allows nowadays a wider range of services for each consumer. If this multiplication of standards is more significant for users, it creates an increased complexity of Rx/Tx communication modules both in RF (3G, 4G), or mmW (W-HDMI, imaging, radar, sensors ) range. These systems Rx/Tx must be able nowadays to support multiple frequency bands (tri-band mobilephone as an example), or agile functions generation, it is called reconfigurable systems. In this context, that this thesis work taking place which aims to address the challenge of high performances tunable capacitances development in RF and mmW range. The first chapter entitled "Emergence of the need for high performances non linear capacitances in silicon technology" identifies the limitations of usual tunable capacitances offer at STMicroelectronics. The second chapter " AttoFarad capacitance characterization: The Challenge of high impedance measurement" discuss the problem of characterization of very small capacity, called attoFarad, used mainly in digital controlled oscillator (DCO). Nowadays these aF capacitance are very difficult to modelize regarding problems of standard measurement methods. We will discuss of a new method for high frequency characteriziation with a relative precision of 50aF 1 to 10GHz. The third chapter entitled "From analog to digital, developments of tunable capacitances up to millimeter frequencies in CMOS and BiCMOS technologies," will focus on figures of merit improvements of the capacitance (tuning ration, resonant frequency, linear law...) through optimization of existing solution (MOS varactor) and the design of new digital architectures. The final chapter "Performances evaluation through referent mmW circuits " exhibit, the design, realization and characterization of two agile functions, a phase shifter and a in-situ tuner, both in the mmW range. To conclude, all these thesis work provide new solutions for the design of RF and mmW circuits. They have extended the tunable capacitances offer at STMicroelectronics in advanced technologie nodes but also to investigate and validate a new concept of characterization necessary for all of these developments
Kadura, Lina. "Études de nouvelles architectures de composants intégrés sensibles à la lumière en filière FDSOI pour les applications de type imageur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT031.
Full textA new type of light sensor called FDPix, composed of one transistor (1T) per pixel is investigated. It consists in co-integrating an FDSOI (Fully-Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator) transistor with a photodiode to enable light sensing through optical back biasing. The absorption of photons and resulting photogenerated charges in the diode will result in a Light Induced VT Shift (LIVS). The LIVS is due to a capacitive coupling between the front and back gate of the FDSOI transistor and represents the key performance metric to be extracted and optimized. In this work, the device behavior in dc and transient domains was thoroughly investigated and modeled. Although not limited to this node, all the devices tested were fabricated using 28nm node FDSOI technology. By means of TCAD simulations and opto-electrical characterization, the device parameters such as Body Factor (BF) and junction profile were optimized to improve its performance. It was found that the FDPix is in fact a dual response sensor. It exhibits a linear response at low light intensity which results in high sensitivity, and a logarithmic response at higher intensities that ensures a high dynamic range (DR) of more than 120dB. The dedicated developed model is implemented in SPICE environment for circuit design. New pixel circuit in analog and digital domain, based on the FDPix were designed, fabricated, and tested. The results obtained and presented in this work, shows the potential of using the FDPix sensor for smart, highly embedded, low power image sensors for More-than-Moore applications
Grisel, Mickaël. "Etude du couplage de modes et des phénomènes de polarisation dans les composants passifs tout fibre." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES046.
Full textThis work is based on the coupling mode in optical fibres and on the polarization phenomena. A new coupling coefficient is calculated for the mode coupling theory. It is the sum of the classic coefficient and a coefficient depending only on the core index variations. The possible applications are presented with the study of the association of a tapered fibre and a long period Bragg grating, and the study of dopants diffusion in the tapered fibre's core. The Jones matrix determination versus the wavelength is developed as theoretical as experimental way to the passive components. A principle state of polarization study is also achieved to better understand the PDL evolution in components
Liu, Xiang. "Transistor silicium en couche mince à base de nano-particules de PbS : un efficace phototransistor pour la détection de lumière infrarouge." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S075/document.
Full textPhototransistor is a novel type of photodetector with special MOSFET structure which can not only convert absorbed light into variation of current but also self-amplify this photocurrent. Especially, with continual advances in quantum dots' (QDs) synthesis, the unique optical-electrical characters reinforce absorption coefficient and electron-hole's generation by easy integrated processes. In this thesis, the infrared PbS QDs with wide infrared (IR) absorption (600-1400 nm) and high efficiency were synthesized to be blended with SU8 gate insulator of Low-Temperature-Poly-Silicon (LTPS) TFTs. Through using this hybrid photo-sensing gate insulator, this LTPS TFTs can still obtain excellent electrical performance such as enough mobility (3.1 cm2/Vs), stable TFT's characters, reasonable on/off ratio (104~105) and subthreshold voltage (3.2 V/Dec). Moreover, under incident IR light's exposure, the high responsivity (1800 A/W) and not negligible responsivity (13 A/W) can be found at 760 nm and 1300 nm respectively. In addition, the photosensitivity also reaches up to 80 and the response time is approximately 30 ms during a pulsed IR signal's scanning. It takes concrete steps forward for the broad application of IR phototransistor
Devulder, Marie. "Étude et faisabilité d'un système ultra large bande (ULB) en gamme millimétrique en technologie silicium avancée." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10149/document.
Full textOver the past few years, consumer wireless communication systems have been implemented using silicon technology (BiCMOS, CMOS). Thanks to the higher operating frequency range of its active components (MOSFET, Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors), silicon technologies have replaced Ill-V technology in wireless communication circuits. Ultra Wideband technologies, used for high power military radars, were recently extended to consumer applications and normalized over the frequency range from 3 to 10 GHz in the United States of America. Within this range, receiver and transmitter architectures are complex. Transposition of a baseband UWB signal at 60 GHz, more precisely the 59-62 GHz band, offers many advantages, such as a simpler system architecture and a reduced die area. SiGe BiCMOS 0.13 µm silicon transistors exhibit a cut-off frequency and a maximum oscillation frequency of 160 GHz. We have designed and measured all the different millimeter circuits of the transceiver such as the oscillator, switch, pulse generator, medium power amplifier, low noise amplifier and detector. The results obtained on these blocks are in agreement with the system specifications we had established. A fully integrated transmitter and a fully integrated receiver circuits were designed and realized. The results demonstrate the capability of silicon technologies for the implementation of new communication systems in the millimeter wave range
Gauthier-Brun, Aurélien. "Growth and characterization of nitride-based semiconductor materials : application to high-speed photodiodes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10015/document.
Full textThe InGaN compound is a promising ternary alloy system that receives a lot of attentions thanks to its tunable bandgap that varies from the near infrared region to the near ultraviolet region. InGaN/GaN materials have been widely used in various applications like high efficiency solar cells, high-brightness blue to green light emitting diodes or laser diodes as well as non-phosphor based direct white light generation. The unique set of properties of this material also makes it a suitable candidate for a number of other new applications. However, to design efficient InGaN-based devices, it is a prerequisite to know the optical properties of InGaN films at the frequencies of interest and there is currently very little information on the index of GaN and InxGa1-xN with x>0.07. In this thesis, we study and characterize the optical indices of GaN, InN and InxGa1-xN thin films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with indium concentration varying up to x=0.14. We discuss the design and fabrication process of an InGaN-based ultrafast terahertz photodiode
Rousseau, Thomas. "Politiques et techniques de l’éclairage public pour répondre aux enjeux du développement durable en France : Acteurs, mutations et impacts urbains." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0101.
Full textThe importance of having a nocturnal look on the city and of integrating artificial lighting into the urban landscape is growing at the same time as the need for a more pleasant environment in the city favouring social cohesion. At the same time, the particularly difficult social and economic climate and the ever stronger environmental considerations are forcing society and town councils to change faced with the stakes and new paradigms which are essential. In this context, urban lighting requires new approaches in the same way as the optimization of public policies devoted to transport, waste or water management. The nocturnal development in the cities cristallizes the multiple stakes and needs for change concerning the development of cultural heritage, consideration of practices, the comfort of public space, the support for cultural events, urban marking, the cost control of plans or preserving the night sky. To meet the needs and better articulate street lighting, it is imperative to take into consideration the stakes concerning the durability of street lighting. Local authorities have to find less functionalist and more qualitative approaches. It is a case of moving from street lighting to the development of urban lighting. This brings up certain questions. What are the policies and techniques of street lighting set up to meet the requirements of sustainable development ? What are the stakes ? In what way is it important to take them into account in the current socioeconomic context ? What approaches and strategies are being put into action ? Who are the key players to meet these stakes ? Are they the same ones over the whole country? Do they meet the requirements of long-term lighting ? Based on a survey of around one hundred towns in metropolitan France, our work aims at a better understanding of the consideration of durability in the public policies of lighting which seem mainly guided by economic strategies and the will to meet the requirements of the « economic » section of sustainable development. At the same time, the human and social dimension of sustainability in public lighting seems to be developing with an ever growing consideration for practices in the cities. We shall see that the tendencies of public policies on lighting are changing. What new ideas are spreading around ? What are the impacts on the city and the way of developing it ? This work also allows us to remind ourselves of the importance of lighting management in public policies and of the place of the users. The tendencies accepted by the town councils do not seem to be dictated either by the technical offer and the manufacturers or by the price of energy but rather by a combined mix of nocturnal issues depending on the size of the town, urban policies and the geographical, cultural and economic context
Hassoun, Ammar. "Développement de méthodes de synthèse de pyridylidènes de métaux en transition : vers une nouvelle classe de luminophores organométalliques." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS154.
Full textThese research investigations describe the development of several methods for the synthesis of organometallic compounds containing bidentate pyridylidene ligands. In a first step, the precursors of the pyridylidene ligands referred to herein as proligands are synthesized. These proligands possess an azacyclic moiety (pyridine, pyrimidine or benzimidazole) and a pyridinium moiety. The metallation of the pyridinium part in the α position of the nitrogen after activation / deprotonation of this C-H bond makes it possible to generate a pyridylidene function coordinated to the metal such as ruthenium(II), rhodium(III), iridium(III) and platinum(II). In particular, an unprecedented method of transferring these pyridylidenes by mercury(II) compounds has been developed. Firstly, the proligands react with mercury acetate to generate the pyridylidene bound to mercury(II), then the reaction with ruthenium(II), rhodium(III) and iridium(III) complexes makes it possible to highlight the transfer of pyridylidene. The compounds obtained were identified by NMR spectroscopy, infrared, mass and in several cases by X-ray diffraction on single crystals. Some of the precursor proligands of the pyridylidene ligands in the target complexes as well as most of the complexes obtained exhibit unusual luminescence phenomena with respect to the reference compounds in the literature. This may be due to the peculiar zwitterionic structure of the pyridylidene ligands used. In particular, when they are emissive, the photoluminescence spectra show very broad emission bands, which sometimes spread out over the whole range of the visible region. This paves the way for the discovery of new single-component panchromatic emitting materials that are very rare in the literature
Fedortchenko, Sergueï. "The ultrastrong coupling regime as a resource for the generation of nonclassical states of light." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC279/document.
Full textSince the advent of quantum mechanics, the study of light-matter interactions at thequantum level has been greatly developed as a research field. For instance, surprisingtheoretical predictions gave rise to experiments with unprecedented interactionstrengths between matter, and terahertz and microwave radiations. These results correspondto the so-called ultrastrong coupling regime, that is reached when the interactionenergy becomes comparable to the typical energies of the light and matter when they arenot interacting. In this regime, intriguing properties can be found such as the presenceof photons even when no energy is given to the system. However, these photons cannot,a priori, be emitted from the system to the outside world in order to be measured andtherefore demonstrate these properties. In this thesis, we studied these intriguing properties and proposed several means toaccess them experimentally. We relied on several physical platforms which are goodcandidates for such studies, and for each one of these systems we devised a model thatcan evidence these properties one way or another. By doing so, we explored the linkbetween the ultrastrong coupling regime and the generation of nonclassical states oflight. Additionally, as an outlook we showed that the light-matter interactions in oneof these platforms could be used to design quantum communication protocols. On topof showing fundamental interest, our results fit in the line of developing applications forquantum technologies using different experimentally available systems
Carette, Michèle. "Etude des propriétés remarquables de nanofils optiques InP/polymère en vue de la réalisation de fonctions optoélectroniques hyperfréquences." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460628.
Full textFoulon, Samuel. "Contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation de systèmes de communication inter puces à très haut débit en gamme millimétrique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10008/document.
Full textThe transistors operating frequencies are well above 200GHz in the last silicon technology nodes. These performances have encouraged the research of the communication systems operating at millimeter wave frequencies. Such performances allow higher and higher multi-gigabit data rate and also more compact communication systems with on Silicon integrated antennas.The objective of this research work was to design a multi-gigabit wireless chip to chip communication system at 140GHz. Such a short-range communication system could be designed to improve or replace the inter-chip interconnects where data rates are limited. Secondly this communication system could also be used to improve the testability of on wafer dies by performing contactless test. The communication system with phase noise cancelation topology specifically self-heterodyne and self-homodyne, studied during the research work, are based on the carrier signal emission in addition to the modulated signal simplifies the frequency synthesis of the emitter and receiver parts. Millimeter wave frequency communication systems are conventionally based on carrier frequency recovering system that is complex and consumes a lot of energy. An On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation has been selected and all the parts of the transceiver have been designed in 0.13μm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology. The silicon area of the circuit is 0.31mm² including the antennas. This transceiver achieves a data rate up to 14Gbps at a distance of 0.6mm with an energy efficiency of 5.7pJ/bit. Moreover a self-heterodyne QPSK demonstration at 140GHz was performed with an EVM of 27% to 10Gbps
Elatrag, Nagia. "L’obligation de sécurité à la lumière du développement de la responsabilité contractuelle et son application sur les produits de santé : étude comparée entre le droit civil français et le droit civil libyen." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1061.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the safety obligation regarding contractual liability in the light of French law and Libyan law. Research tends to answer the following questions: What is safety of medical products? On what legal basis can we justify that obligation? What are the difficulties in applying this requirement to address issues of health products? What is the health products? The law and civil liability Libya is it perfectly suited to the protection of the victim of health products as in the French liability law? This questioning has led the author to develop a thorough analysis of the safety obligation by way of contractual liability and health law French and Libyan. In the first part of the thesis, we see that the notion of bond security, including with respect to contractual liability, has experienced a major change from the time before. In fact, the emergence of the concept of safety obligation is old since it was founded in France 21 November 1911 at the contract of carriage. It can be defined as "the obligation to ensure the safety of any person or property which may be an obligation of result or means." Some codes of Near Eastern world have adopted the resolution that the French Supreme Court has taken in 1911 in the transportation of persons, such as Egypt and Lebanon. In 1956, the Appeal Court in Alexandria has complied with the requirement of safety in the transportation of persons. Similarly, in Lebanon in the Code of Obligations and Contracts provides in Article 688 that the contract of carriage of persons is the responsibility of the carrier's obligation to lead the traveler, unharmed, to the destination
Carette, Michèle. "Étude des propriétés remarquables de nanofils optiques InP/polymère en vue de la réalisation de fonctions optoélectroniques hyperfréquences." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10076/document.
Full textThis work gives an insight into the possible application of high index contrast based nanophotonics to process microwave - photonic functions such as a tunable time delay and an all-optical ultrafast switch. InP embedded in a low optical index matrix (benzocyclobutene) by wafer bonding is considered for this purpose to take benefit of III-V material electro-optical properties. High resolution technological process is required due to the high sensitivity of the nanowires to any change in their size. The optical characterisation proved the quality of the process, through the highlighting of state-of-the-art propagation los (less than 10 dB/cm) and strong decrease of coupling loss. Such good propagation characteristics allow us to use the InP/BCB nanowires as a first step for active functions and to study physical phenomena they are based on. So, Bragg gratings on InP/BCB nanowires were processed and characterized successfully. Slow light phenomenon at the band edge of such structures should allow 1 ns microwave delay for a 1 mm long grating. ln addition, absorption-saturation was demonstrated opening the way to an all-optical switch. Furthermore, propositions are made towards ultrafast and low power devices
Kovalevich, Tatiana. "Tunable Bloch surface waves devices." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD022/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to develop tunable devices on the base of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPhC) which can sustain Bloch surface waves (BSWs).First, we explore the possibilities to control the BSW propagation direction with polarization of incident light. In this case we manufacture additional passive structures such as gratings on the top of the 1DPhC, which are working both as a BSW launcher and polarization–controlled “wave-splitters”. We test this type of launcher in air and in water as an external medium. Then, we demonstrate the tunability of the BSW by adding an active layers into the multilayer stack. Here a crystalline X-cut thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) is used to introduce anisotropic properties to the whole 1DPhC. Different ways to manufacture 1D PhCs with LiNbO3 on the top would be described. Finally, we explore the concept of the electro-optically tuned BSW
Kemlin, Vincent. "Génération de lumière paramétrique infrarouge : des cristaux aux dispositifs." Phd thesis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945181.
Full textPrud'homme, Gilles. "Les dispositifs architecturaux reliés à l'extension spatiale." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14447.
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