Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dispositifs à concentration de poissons'
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Cillaurren, Espérance. "La pêche à la traîne autour des dispositifs de concentration de poissons mouillés à Vanuatu : un exemple dans le Pacifique sud-ouest." Brest, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES2034.
Full textCillaurren, Espérance. "La Pêche à la traine autour des dispositifs de concentration de poissons mouillés à Vanuatu un exemple dans le Pacifique sud-ouest /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603978h.
Full textTaquet, Marc. "Le comportement agrégatif de la dorade coryphène (Coryphaena hippurus) autour des objets flottants." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066402.
Full textImzilen, Taha. "Analyse et modélisation des trajectoires des dispositifs à concentration de poissons dérivants (DCP) dans les zones océaniques tropicales et estimation des risques associés à leur déploiement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS266.
Full textMarine pollution has increased over time, becoming a major source of concern. A non-negligible proportion of these waste and pollutants are from sea-based sources, especially fisheries, due to derelict fishing equipment. Tropical tuna purse seine fishing vessels contribute to this problem by deploying large numbers of drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs), as a significant portion of these floating objects eventually end up derelict, potentially contributing to marine pollution and threatening sensitive ecosystems such as coral reefs. The general objective of this thesis is to use scientific analyses of dFAD trajectory and fishing data to propose mitigation measures to reduce these problems in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. First, it is demonstrated that prohibiting deployments in areas most likely to lead to beachings has the potential to be effective for reducing the beaching rate. Results indicate that 21% to 40% of beachings could be prevented if deployments were prohibited in high risk areas, roughly delimited by the areas south of 8°S latitude, the Somali zone in winter, and the western Maldives in summer for the Indian Ocean, and in an elongated strip of areas adjacent to the western African coast for the Atlantic Ocean. Next, the identification of areas within the fishing ground where most dFADs exit, as well as the passage of a large number of dFADs close to ports, provides support for the implementation of recovery programs to collect these dFADs at sea and reduce their loss. These two measures appear to be complementary since areas predicted to benefit less from closures are more likely to benefit from recovery programs, particularly in the northwestern Indian Ocean and the northern Gulf of Guinea. Finally, the evaluation of a Lagrangian transport tool to simulate the trajectories of dFADs shows that the efficiency of this tool at the basin scale is relatively good in the two oceans, that the accuracy to simulate the trajectories is better in the Indian Ocean than in the Atlantic Ocean, and that this accuracy depends on the depth and the spatial resolution of the forcing currents product used. This tool could be used in an operational mode in the future to anticipate the trajectories of dFADs that could lead to loss or beaching and therefore be used as a complementary mitigation program to the other two measures described above (prohibiting deployments and recovery at sea). The results obtained during these various works thus constitute a solid basis to define new recommendations to mitigate the risks of loss and beachings of dFADs and thus contribute to the preservation of our oceans and our coasts
Jauharee, Ahmed Riyaz. "La pêche au thon à la canne sous dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP) aux Maldives : vers une gestion fondée sur la science grâce aux connaissances scientifiques et des pêcheurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022MONTG008.
Full textMaldivians have sustainably been exploiting tuna using hook and line in the Indian Ocean for over a millennium, with 20% of the total Indian Ocean tuna catches currently landed in the Maldives. After four decades using on average 55 anchored fish aggregating devices (AFADs) spread over the entire archipelago, this thesis aims to improve our knowledge on the fishery ecology of tuna within the Maldivian AFAD array in order to better understand the drivers of the sustainability of the fishery for the coming years. The ecology of tuna around these AFADs was studied by collecting local ecological knowledge from 54 pole and line fishers and by acoustically tagging 65 skipjack and 57 yellowfin tuna within an instrumented 21-AFAD array. Most fishers consider that slight currents, suitable sea temperature, prey and attractants enhance the aggregations while strong currents, high sea temperatures and stormy conditions make tuna leave AFADs. They also consider that tuna tend to stay associated with AFADs 3 to 6 days, which is comparable to results from acoustic tagging (from 2 to 5.5 days on average). Acoustic tagging showed that tuna do not have a specific preference in the direction of movement, and very few fish moved from one FAD to another. Therefore, the 55 AFADs in the Maldives do not act like a network but appear to be relatively independent. The Maldives FAD network can be considered as a case study to examine the pros and cons of sparse FAD networks as supports for fisheries, while minimizing potential negative impacts. More research on the ecological, social and economic aspects of the pole and line fishery must be conducted to support the Maldives in their science-based management.Keywords: Anchored Fish Aggregating Device, Tropical tunas, Pole and Line, Maldives, Local Ecological Knowledge, Residence Time
Baidai, Yannick Diby Armel. "Dérivation d'un indice d'abondance direct pour les thons tropicaux basé sur leur comportement associatif avec les objets flottants." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG031.
Full textRepresenting the majority of the world’s tuna catches, tropical tuna species are of critical importance due to their essential role as food and economic resource. The sustainable management of this valuable resource depends on an accurate estimate of the abundance of the exploited populations and the impact of fishing pressure on them. The present thesis provides a new direct abundance index for tropical tuna populations that account for their free-swimming and associated components. Indeed, tropical tuna species are characterized by a singular behavioral trait that causes them to associate with floating objects drifting at sea. This characteristic has led to the development of a specific fishing mode widely used in tuna purse seine fishery, consisting in the capture of schools associated to floating objects. Recent decades have thus seen the massive deployment of thousands of floating objects known as fish aggregating devices (FADs), specifically designed to attract and concentrate tuna schools. The drifting FADs are equipped with satellite-linked echosounder buoys, which ensure their continuous monitoring, providing fishers with near-real time information on their location and associated tuna biomasses. This thesis presents a standard methodological framework for processing the information from echosounder buoys for scientific use, including a new approach based on supervised learning for processing the acoustic data they provide. The analysis of these data has allowed improving the general knowledge on the associative dynamics of tuna aggregations. Ocean-specific differences were evidenced, with notably longer periods of absence of tuna under FADs in the Indian Ocean than in the Atlantic Ocean. The novel index for estimating tuna abundances proposed by this thesis also exploit this associative behavior. It relies on a modelling approach combining data on the dynamics of the occupancy of floating objects from echosounder buoys with data on the associative dynamics of tuna individuals from electronic tagging. An initial application to skipjack populations in the Western Indian Ocean has made it possible to provide time series of absolute and relative abundances, used for stock assessments of this species. This new index addresses the current critical need for complementary methods for estimating tropical tuna abundances, expressed by all regional fisheries management organizations
Girard, Charlotte. "Etude du comportement d'orientation d'espèces pélagiques tropicales vis-à-vis d'attracteurs." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459016.
Full textJauharee, Ahmed Riyaz. "The tuna pole and line FAD (fish aggregating device) fishery of the Maldives : towards science-based management through fishers and scientific knowledge." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG008.
Full textMaldivians have sustainably been exploiting tuna using hook and line in the Indian Ocean for over a millennium, with 20% of the total Indian Ocean tuna catches currently landed in the Maldives. After four decades using on average 55 anchored fish aggregating devices (AFADs) spread over the entire archipelago, this thesis aims to improve our knowledge on the fishery ecology of tuna within the Maldivian AFAD array in order to better understand the drivers of the sustainability of the fishery for the coming years. The ecology of tuna around these AFADs was studied by collecting local ecological knowledge from 54 pole and line fishers and by acoustically tagging 65 skipjack and 57 yellowfin tuna within an instrumented 21-AFAD array. Most fishers consider that slight currents, suitable sea temperature, prey and attractants enhance the aggregations while strong currents, high sea temperatures and stormy conditions make tuna leave AFADs. They also consider that tuna tend to stay associated with AFADs 3 to 6 days, which is comparable to results from acoustic tagging (from 2 to 5.5 days on average). Acoustic tagging showed that tuna do not have a specific preference in the direction of movement, and very few fish moved from one FAD to another. Therefore, the 55 AFADs in the Maldives do not act like a network but appear to be relatively independent. The Maldives FAD network can be considered as a case study to examine the pros and cons of sparse FAD networks as supports for fisheries, while minimizing potential negative impacts. More research on the ecological, social and economic aspects of the pole and line fishery must be conducted to support the Maldives in their science-based management.Keywords: Anchored Fish Aggregating Device, Tropical tunas, Pole and Line, Maldives, Local Ecological Knowledge, Residence Time
Maufroy, Alexandra. "Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans : modalities of use, fishing efficiency and potential management." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT150/document.
Full textSince the mid 1990s, the use of drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs) by purse seiners, artificial objects specifically designed to aggregate fish, has become an important mean of catching tropical tunas. In recent years, the massive deployments of dFADs, as well as the massive use of tracking devices on dFADs and natural floating objects, such as GPS buoys, have raised serious concerns for tropical tuna stocks, bycatch species and pelagic ecosystem functioning. Despite these concerns, relatively little is known about the modalities of GPS buoy tracked objects use, making it difficult to assess and manage of the impacts of this fishing practice. To fill these knowledge gaps, we have analyzed GPS buoy tracks provided by the three French fishing companies operating in the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans, representing a large proportion of the floating objects monitored by the French fleet. These data were combined with multiple sources of information: logbook data, Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) tracks of French purse seiners, information on support vessels and Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of purse seine skippers to describe GPS buoy deployment strategies, estimate the total number of GPS buoy equipped dFADs used in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, measure the contribution of strategies with FOBs and support vessels to the fishing efficiency of tropical tuna purse seiners, identify potential damages caused by lost dFADs and finally to propose management options for tropical tuna purse seine FOB fisheries. Results indicate clear seasonal patterns of GPS buoy deployment in the two oceans, a rapid expansion in the use of dFADs over the last 7 years with an increase of 4.2 times in the Indian Ocean and 7.0 times in the Atlantic Ocean, possible damages to fragile coastal ecosystems with 10% of GPS buoy tracks ending with a beaching event and an increased efficiency of tropical tuna purse seine fleets from 3.9% to 18.8% in the Atlantic Ocean over 2003-2014 and from 10.7% to 26.3% in the Indian Ocean. Interviews with purse seine skippers underlined the need for a more efficient management of the fishery, including the implementation of catch quotas, a limitation of the capacity of purse seine fleets and a regulation of the use of support vessels. These results represent a first step towards better assessment and management of purse seine FOB fisheries
Girard, Charlotte. "Étude du comportement d'orientation d'espèces pélagiques tropicales vis-à-vis d'attracteurs." La Réunion, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459016/fr/.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the orientation behaviour of tropical pelagic species around attractors. Chapter 1 presents the concepts of attractor and the orientation behaviour, describes the marine environment and proposes a review of the methodology. Chapter 2 concerns the orientation behaviour of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) towards anchored fish aggregating devices (FADs). Tracking data of yellowfin tuna and experimental displacements of dolphinfish show that tuna are able to orient themselves towards FADs at a distance of at least 7 km while for dolphinfish, the maximum orientation range might be about 815 m. Chapter 3 focuses on the long distance orientation behaviour of green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Homing experiments show that they do not compensate for the drift due to oceanic currents. Geomagnetic cues seem to be involved in their orientation. Green turtles do not need to rely on olfactory cues coming from their nesting site to relocate it
Robert, Marianne. "Le comportement des thons tropicaux autour des objets flottants : de l’étude des comportements individuels et collectifs à l’étude du piège écologique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20118/document.
Full textResearch in fisheries science aims at investigating the functioning of fish population with the objective of using this knowledge to propose sustainable management measures. This PhD thesis relies on a collection of experiments and modelling designed to further our knowledge on the aggregative behaviour of large pelagic fish with floating structures at the surface of the ocean. The overall objective is to test whether the thousands of man-made floating structures deployed by fishermen (also referred as Fish Aggregating Device –FAD) act as ecological traps for tropical tunas. To archive this main objective, it was first necessary to characterize the individual behaviour of tuna in a network of FAD. In the first chapter, the analysis of 96 acoustically tagged yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) between 30-96 cm FL in the array of anchored FADs around Oahu (Hawaii, US) shows that individuals tuna exhibited behavioural plasticity while in the array and that behaviour around FAD is size dependent. In order to assess the impact of the increasing density of FAD, the major habitat modification, it is essential to understand the factors that influence the residence time at FADs. In the second chapter, binary choice experiments suggest that the aggregated biomass under the FAD play a role in the aggregative process. Nonetheless, quantification of arrival and departure dynamics of fish to FAD are required to validate the assumptions we proposed on the underlying social mechanism. Such model would, then, allow testing the effect of FAD density and environmental conditions on individual residence time and spatial distribution of population. In the third chapter, the comparison of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) condition between individual associated with logs and in free swimming schools in the Mozambique Channel, an area known to be naturally enriched with logs with few FADs, highlights the need for estimating reference points prior to assessing the impacts of anthropogenic modifications to habitats on animals.Combining the different chapters, our results tend to favour a social rather than a trophic role of floating objects in the ecology of tunas. More generally, we discuss what novel insight our results bring up on the ecological trap hypothesis. Tropical tunas represent an interesting model species on which we focused. However, the theoretical framework of the questions we addressed, the observation and analytical tools we developed are generic enough to be applied to the others species that are encountered around floating structures. In a broader extent, this work meets the general topic of studying behavioural strategies and distribution of population in multi-patch environment
Boyer-Bernard, Sylvie. "Contribution à la définition de dispositifs d'évitement des centrales hydroélectriques pour les juvéniles de poissons migrateurs." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT010A.
Full textAlbarazanchi, Abbas Kamal Hasan. "Composant diffractif numérique multispectral pour la concentration multifonctionnelle pour des dispositifs photovoltaïque de troisième génération." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD029/document.
Full textSunlight represents a good candidate for an abundant and clean source of renewable energy. This environmentally friendly energy source can be exploited to provide an answer to the increasing requirement of energy from the world. Several generations of photovoltaic cells have been successively used to convert sunlight directly into electrical energy. Third generation multijunction PV cells are characterized by the highest level of efficiency between all types of PV cells. Optical devices have been used in solar cell systems such as optical concentrators, optical splitters, and hybrid optical devices that achieve Spectrum Splitting and Beam Concentration (SSBC) simultaneously. Recently, diffractive optical elements (DOE’s) have attracted more attention for their smart use it in the design of optical devices for PV cells applications.This thesis was allocated to design a DOE that can achieve the SSBC functions for the benefit of the lateral multijunction PV cells or similar. The desired design DOE's have a subwavelength structure and operate in the far field to implement the target functions (i.e. SSBC). Therefore, some modelling tools have been developed which can be used to simulate the electromagnetic field behavior inside a specific DOE structure, in the range of subwavelength features. Furthermore, a rigorous hybrid propagator is developed that is based on both major diffraction theories (i.e. rigorous and scalar diffraction theory). The FDTD method was used to model the propagation of the electromagnetic field in the near field, i.e. inside and around a DOE, and the ASM method was used to model rigorously propagation in the free space far field.The proposed device required to implement the intended functions is based on two different DOE’s components; a G-Fresnel (i.e. Grating and Fresnel lens), and an off-axis lens. The proposed devices achieve the spectrum splitting for a Vis-NIR range of the solar spectrum into two bands. These two bands can be absorbed and converted into electrical energy by two different PV cells, which are laterally arranged. These devices are able to implement a low concentration factor of “concentrator PV cell systems”. These devices also allow achieving theoretically around 70 % of optical diffraction efficiency for the both separated bands. The impact distance is very small for the devices proposed, which allows the possibility to integrate these devices into compact solar cell systems. The experimental validation of the fabricated prototype appears to provide a good matching of the experimental performance with the theoretical model
Ravallec, Rozenn. "Valorisation d'hydrolysats d'origine marine : optimisation de la concentration en peptides apparentés aux facteurs de croissance et aux agents sécrétagogues : essais in vitro et in vivo." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2041.
Full textRobert, Marianne. "Le comportement des thons tropicaux autour des objets flottants: de l'étude des comportements individuels et collectifs à l'étude du piège écologique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209681.
Full textPour mener à bien ce travail, nous avons dans le premier chapitre caractérisé le comportement individuel de thons dans un réseau de DCP ancrés. L’analyse de données de marquage acoustique de 96 thons albacores (Thunnus albacares) (30-96 cm) à Hawaii montre que les thons présentent une plasticité comportementale forte face aux DCP qu’ils rencontrent mais également que le temps de résidence sous les DCP diminue avec la taille des individus. Afin de quantifier l’impact de l’augmentation de la densité de DCP il est essentiel de comprendre les mécanismes et les facteurs qui influencent les temps de résidences sous les DCP. Dans le second chapitre, des expériences de choix binaires suggèrent un rôle de la biomasse agrégée dans la formation, la maintenance et la dispersion des agrégations que forment les thons sous les objets flottants. La quantification de la dynamique des arrivées et des départs des poissons aux DCP permettra de valider les hypothèses que nous proposons concernant les mécanismes sociaux sous-jacents d’une part et d’autre part de tester l’influence de la qualité de l’environnement et de la densité de DCP sur les temps de résidences individuels et la distribution spatiale des populations. Dans le troisième chapitre, la comparaison de facteurs de condition de listaos (Katsuwonus pelamis) matures capturés en bancs libres et sous objets flottants dans une zone naturellement riche en objets flottants, et relativement peu impactée par le déploiement de DCP (Le Canal du Mozambique), nous a permis d’établir un point de référence essentiel pour estimer les effets des perturbations actuelles. Plus généralement, les résultats obtenus dans les différents chapitres tendent à conforter l’hypothèse d’un rôle social et non trophique des objets flottants dans l’écologie de thonidés. Les résultats obtenus durant cette thèse amènent à poser un regard nouveau sur l’hypothèse du piège écologique.
Notre travail s’est principalement intéressé à un modèle biologique de choix, les thons tropicaux. Cependant le cadre théorique des questions abordées, les outils d’observations et les méthodes d’analyses développées sont assez génériques pour être appliqués aux autres espèces rencontrées sous les objets flottants. Cette recherche s’intègre plus généralement dans les problématiques visant à mieux comprendre les stratégies comportementales et la distribution des populations dans des environnements multi-sites.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Koumetz, Serge. "Modélisation de la diffusion du Be dans les structures épitaxiales en InGaAs pour les dispositifs microoptoélectroniques." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUE5037.
Full textEbran, Nathalie. "Propriétés antibactériennes et « formeur de pores » de protéines du mucus épidermique. Implication dans les mécanismes de défense des poissons." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES077.
Full textHussain, Sakhawat. "Propriétés optiques et structurales de dispositifs luminescents contenant des puits quantiques (In,Ga)N à forte concentration en Indium et émettant dans le vert et le jaune." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4123/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis was to study the structural and optical properties of InGaN/(Al)GaN multiple QWs grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Different approaches have been implemented to achieve green-yellow emission: high indium concentration (≥ 20%) with low InGaN QW thickness (< 3 nm) or vice versa. Moreover, the effect of a capping layer on top of the QWs has also been investigated. Atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, room temperature photoluminescence (RTPL) and mainly transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques have been used to characterize these structures. The QW thicknesses and indium compositions have been determined by digital processing of lattice fringes in cross-sectional high resolution TEM images. An original treatment has been developed to analyze quantitatively InGaN QW thickness fluctuations. The structural analysis of multiple QWs with high indium composition has shown that structural defects are created in the QWs. The nature and the density of these defects have been determined and different mechanisms for their formation have been proposed. It has also been shown that a few monolayers of AlGaN or GaN capping layers deposited at the InGaN QW growth temperature prohibited indium evaporation and/or diffusion. It therefore helps to extend the emission wavelength with a reduced degradation of the RTPL efficiency. My work offers a few ways to obtain a good compromise between the conflicting parameters that govern the efficiency of QWs emitting in the green-yellow spectrum range