Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Disposal Behaviour'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Disposal Behaviour.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Disposal Behaviour.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Koukouvinos, Dimitrios. "Psychosocial Factors Influencing Young Consumers' Clothing Disposal Behaviour in Greece." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16798.
Full textAbstract:
The following Master thesis deals with the problem of clothing disposal in Greece examining primarily the psychosocial factors that influence this behaviour. More specifically, the author sets a theoretical framework using the Triandis’ (1977) model of Interpersonal Behaviour and examines how the factors included in the model influence clothing disposition among young individuals in Greece as well as to what extend they do it. Furthermore, the author explores the clothing disposition behaviour of the above mentioned sample regarding an old t-shirt.The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first chapter, the author examines the problem of clothing disposal in terms of how it is formulated and what are the environmental effects deriving from it. Due to the fact that there is no information about clothing disposal in Greece, the problem is examined in relation to countries like the USA and the UK and then the findings are connected to Greece so the reader can understand the importance of the problem in the country.The second chapter sets the theoretical framework of the problem by examining the existing theories and studies in the fields of disposition and clothing disposition. Moreover, in this chapter there is a thorough analysis of Triandis’ (1977) Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour to guide the reader through the rest of the paper.In the third chapter, the research methodology is analysed in respect to the general design, the sampling technique used and the questionnaire development and distribution.After setting all the necessary elements, in chapter four the author analyses the results of the research with a statistical method based on SPSS. Findings of the three research questions are demonstrated in this chapter with a small discussion regarding them.Chapter five consists of the discussion around the findings of the research. Under this section the author discusses how and why the psychosocial factors, as presented in Triandis’ (1977) Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour, influence clothing disposal behaviour among young individuals in Greece as well as the actual disposal behaviour.Finally, in chapter six of this thesis a conclusion of the findings takes place with parallel suggestions about further research in this field and some proposals in relation to the problem.Program: Master in Fashion Management with specialisation in Fashion Marketing and Retailing
2
Ardbo, Ebba, and Elvira Ekvall. "Sustainable Disposal Behaviour of the Fast Fashion Consumer : A Practice Perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26406.
Full textAbstract:
The textile and fashion industry is one of the most extensive and unsustainable industries in the world. Fast fashion companies, and the consumers purchasing, using and disposing the items, have an especially negative impact on the environment. Previous research does not provide deep knowledge of how environmentally sustainable clothing disposal is performed in word and deed as a part of consumers everyday life. However, this is needed to improve environmental sustainability. This research study aims to contribute to and deepen the existing body of research regarding this, investigating female members of Generation Z in a fast fashion context. Thus, the purpose of the study is to contribute with a current understanding of the practice of sustainable clothing disposal by developing knowledge about how consumers perform disposal activities post-consumption, as well as revealing the meanings driving the behaviour. In order to fulfill the purpose, a qualitative research strategy was used. Empirical material was collected through ten semi-structured interviews with female Generation Z participants. The study uses a practice theory approach, viewing a practice as a complex interaction between what consumers say and do in a specific context. A practice consists of several different activities and is dependent on three elements: competence, material and meaning. Furthermore, the theoretical framework consists of previous research on sustainable clothing disposal behaviour. The findings reveal that the practice of sustainable clothing disposal includes a number of activities performed by the participants in the context in question. Several central tendencies are distinguished; showing how female Generation Z consumers perform the activities under different circumstances, through routinised actions and communication in their everyday lives. In addition, the findings identify five different forms of meaning driving the behaviour. Accordingly, both theoretical and practical contributions are generated. The findings build on the existing body of research, adding deep and current understanding of sustainable clothing disposal behaviour. Furthermore, actors in the textile and fashion industry can interpret the findings of the behaviour and meaning-making, and hence improve their adaptation to the consumer. Ultimately, this can cause a positive impact on environmental sustainability.
3
Hodge, Samantha. "Spatial patterns in serial murder : a conceptual model of disposal site location choice." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266365.
Full text
4
Smith, Kurt. "Radionuclide behaviour in hyperalkaline systems relevant to geological disposal of radioactive waste." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/radionuclide-behaviour-in-hyperalkaline-systems-relevant-to-geological-disposal-of-radioactive-waste(0b04ab1b-4392-4cd3-81d7-c2ba02fd782d).html.
Full textAbstract:
In many countries the current plan for the management of intermediate and high level radioactive wastes is to dispose of the radioactive materials underground in a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) to prevent release of radioactivity to the environment. In the UK, the repository for intermediate level waste may be backfilled with cementitious material and it is clear that grout and cement will be used during many disposal concepts. Upon saturation, the cement will react creating a region of hyperalkaline geochemical conditions extending away from the GDF, within which, significant changes in radionuclide behaviour are expected. Therefore, this thesis utilises a range of experimental and analytical techniques to try to gain a mechanistic understanding of the behaviour of some key radionuclides (U(VI), Np(V) and Eu(III) as an analogue for Cm(III)/Am(III)) in a range of high pH systems of direct relevance to any cementitious GDF. U(VI) interaction with calcite (calcium carbonate, a common component in high pH cements and the natural environment) surfaces was studied in the 'old' (Ca(OH)2 solution; pH 10.5) and 'young' (Na+, K+, Ca2+; pH 13.3) leachates. In the 'old' leachate, luminescence spectroscopy, batch experiments and kinetic modelling suggested that at low concentrations (smaller or equal to 0.42 µM) a Ca2UO2(CO3)3-like surface complex formed. At higher concentrations, batch experiments, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and luminescence suggested that a surface mediated precipitation mechanism was controlling U(VI) concentrations. Further TEM analysis confirmed that a calcium uranate (CaUO4) solid phase was forming on the calcite surfaces. In the 'young' leachate, batch experiments showed that U(VI) had little affinity for the calcite surface, with no statistically relevant removal from solution observed over a 18 month period. Small angle X-ray diffraction data demonstrated that the U(VI) was probably present in the form of U(VI) intrinsic colloids. Np(V) solubility and sorption to calcite under hyperalkaline conditions were studied using batch, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and geochemical modelling techniques. It was determined that Np(V) solubility in 'old' cement leachates was consistent with the literature. However, in 'young' cement leachates, an unidentified calcium containing phase was controlling solubility. It was demonstrated that sorption to calcite in 'old' leachates was controlled by the formation of a >CO3NpO2 surface complex, whereas, in the 'young' leachates interaction with the calcite surface was controlled by a precipitation mechanism. Eu(III) sorption to a potential GDF backfill material, Nirex Reference Vault Backfill (NRVB) cement, was studied. The kinetics of removal were rapid with 98.5% Eu(III) removal within 24 hours. Ultrafiltration experiments indicated that all Eu(III) remaining in solution was associated with NRVB derived colloids. Additional experiments using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a competing ligand show that removal from solution was significantly reduced at high concentrations (>0.01 M). These EDTA experiments also indicated some irreversibility in the systems, possibly caused by incorporation into the C-S-H or calcite structures.
5
Hunter, Michael. "Behaviour of nitrilotriacetic acid in the wastewater disposal and water reuse cycle." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47503.
Full text
6
Titov, Maxim. "Characterisation and final disposal behaviour of thoria based fuel kernels in aqueous phases /." Jülich : Forschungszentrum, Zentralbibliothek, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014565953&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full text
7
Nejedlá, Jana. "Planned obsolescence: Understanding the reality of durable goods obsolescence and consumers' disposal behaviour." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71875.
Full textAbstract:
Planned obsolescence is the term used to describe incentives of companies to make durable goods faster obsolete. The aim of the study is to make a big picture and real situation about planned obsolescence practising and consumer disposal behaviour. First part addresses the theoretical background and provides comprehensive overview through different aspects of the good's durability issue and planned obsolescence characteristics and influences. Second part in further reference to the information provided in theoretical part examines the situation of specific durable products - laptops. From survey's results on consumer attitudes towards durability of laptops and real case study on Apple Inc. and its reliance to planned obsolescence, recommendations to the more sustainable consumption of consumer electronics are presented.
8
Meyer, Jonette. "The role of values, beliefs and norms in female consumers' clothing disposal behaviour." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41121.
Full textAbstract:
In previous
years,
the
importance
of
sustainable
consumption
has
been
neglected,
and
as
a
result,
so
has
the
disposal
process.
This
has
lead
to
consumers
being
uneducated
about
environmental
issues
associated
with
waste
problems.
The
textile
industry
greatly
contributes
to
waste
problems;
however,
very
little
information
is
available
in
South
Africa
concerning
the
waste
management
of
the
textile
industry.
Furthermore,
very
little
research
has
been
done
in
this
country
regarding
consumer’s
clothing
disposal
behaviour.
South
Africa
is
a
country
with
various
cultures,
and
research
conducted
in
this
country
necessitates
consideration
of
consumers’
values,
beliefs
and
norms.
This
study
acknowledges
the
lack
of
sustainable
lifestyle
literature
in
a
country
such
as
South
Africa
that
has
an
emerging
economy
and
diverse
cultures,
and
therefore
provides
a
framework
that
emphasises theories
and
models
based
on
pro-‐environmental
behaviour.
The
framework
for
this
study
focuses
on
the
concepts
of
the
Value-‐Belief-‐Norm
Theory
and
the
New
Ecological
Paradigm
Scale
as
influencing
factors
for
clothing
disposal
behaviour.
For
this
study
the
clothing
disposal
methods
included
re-‐using,
recycling,
donation,
reselling
and
discarding.
© University of Pretoria
v
Furthermore,
both
the
Value-‐Belief-‐Norm
Theory
and
the
New
Ecological
Paradigm
Scale
are
new
to
the
consumer
behaviour
research
field
in
South
Africa.
The
study
was
conducted
in
the
City
of
Tshwane
and
a
sample
of
306
female
consumers
was
included.
Female
consumers
were
selected
as
it
has
been
found
that
females
tend
to
be
more
environmentally
concerned
than
men.
Respondents
were
reached
through
non-‐
probability,
purposive
and
snowball
sampling
methods.
A
quantitative
research
approach
that
included
a
cross-‐sectional
survey
design
was
used
for
descriptive
and
exploratory
purposes.
Respondents
completed
a
questionnaire
that
was
based
on
objectives
compiled
according
to
the
research
statement.
Data
was
coded
by
the
researcher
herself,
and
was
further
descriptively
and
statistically
analysed
by
statisticians
of
the
University
of
Pretoria.
The
results
for
the
study
indicated
that
the
majority
of
the
consumers
included
in
the
study
mainly
indicated
compassionate
value
orientations;
however,
they
showed
only
moderate
concern
towards
the
environment.
Nevertheless,
results
showed
that
the
majority
of
the
sample
predominantly
disposes
of
their
clothing
by
means
of
pro-‐environmental
clothing
disposal
methods
such
as
recycling,
re-‐using
and
donation.
It
was
however
found
that
different
value
orientations,
beliefs
and
norms
had
varied
influences
on
the
clothing
disposal
behaviour.
Ultimately,
the
findings
indicated
that
it
is
relevant
to
explore
consumer
behaviour
in
a
country
with
a
growing
economy
and
with
various
cultures,
since
values,
beliefs
and
norms
had
a
noteworthy
influence
on
consumers’
clothing
disposal
behaviour.Dissertation (MConsumer Science)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Consumer Science
unrestricted
9
Stols, Maria Jacoba. "The influence of pro-environmental motivation and intent on female consumers' apparel disposal behaviour." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60860.
Full textAbstract:
The apparel and textile industry plays an enormous role in the depletion of natural resources, pollution and other environmental problems. Pro-environmental efforts should thus be encouraged in all stages of the apparel supply chain, but also more specifically at the disposal stage during which consumers should be encouraged to adopt eco-friendly options such as donating, recycling and/ or reselling apparel. The aim of this study was to explore and describe female consumers' pro-environmental disposal motivation and intent regarding apparel in the South African context. The hypothesis and conceptual framework for this study was based on a combination of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Norm Activation Theory's (NAT) constructs as the underlying motivational factors that contribute to pro-environmental disposal intent. The research was carried out in the Gauteng province, South Africa. The sample comprised of 315 female consumers; female consumers were of particular interest since they tend to engage in pro-environmental behaviour to a larger extent than males. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional survey design for which a Qualtrics web-based questionnaire was developed. Data was captured and coded to be further subjected to descriptive and inferential analyses.
The findings indicated that most respondents are aware of environmental consequences related to the disposal of apparel. Social norms influenced respondents' personal norms, as well as their behavioural intent to make pro-environmental decisions regarding the disposal of apparel. It seems that consumers' attitudes also influence their pro-environmental behavioural intent significantly. In contrast, perceived behavioural control had a weaker influence on pro-environmental intent. The theoretical contribution of this study relates to the relevance of TPB and NAT constructs in the local context. In so far as practical implications are concerned, it was concluded that government and businesses should get involved in promoting pro-environmental apparel disposal options and educating consumers about the benefits of disposing apparel in a pro-environmental manner.Die klere en tekstiel bedryf speel 'n noodsaaklike rol in die vermindering van natuurlike bronne, besoedeling en ander omgewingsprobleme. Pro-omgewings pogings moet dus aangemoedig word in alle stadiums van die klere voorsienings kettings, maar meer spesifiek ook in die wegdoen fase waarin verbruikers aangemoedig moet word om omgewings vriendelike opsies te oorweeg soos skenking, herwinning en herverkoping. Die doel van hierdie studie was vroulike verbruikers se pro-omgewings klere beskikkings motivering en bedoeling te verken en beskryf in 'n Suid Afrikaanse konteks. Die hipotese en konseptuele raamwerk vir hierdie studie is gebaseer op 'n kombinasie van die Teorie van Beplande Gedrag (TPB) en die Norm Aktiverings Teorie (NAT) se konsepte as die onderliggende motiverende faktore wat bydra tot verbruikers se pro-omgewings wegdoen voorneme. Die navorsing was uitgevoer in Gauteng provinsie, Suid Afrika. Die steekproef het uit 315 vroulike verbruikers bestaan; vroulike verbruikers was van besondere belang aangesien hulle geneig is om betrokke te raak in pro-omgewings gedrag tot 'n groter mate as mans. Hierdie kwantitatiewe studie het 'n deursnit opname-ontwerp gebruik waarvoor 'n Qualtrics web-gebaseerde vraelys ontwikkel is. Die data was ingevoer en verder gekodeer om beskrywende en inferentiële statistiek ontledings te ontwikkel. Die bevindings het aangedui dat die meeste respondente bewus is van hoe die wegdoen van klere die omgewing beïnvloed. Sosiale norme het die respondente se persoonlike norme beïnvloed, asook hul gedragspatrone intensie om pro-omgewings besluite te maak ten opsigte van die wegdoen van klere. Dit blyk dat die houdings van verbruikers hul pro-omgewings gedrags intensie ook aansienlik beïnvloed. In teenstelling hiermee, het waargeneemde gedrags beheer 'n swakker invloed op pro-omgewings voorneme. Die teoretiese bydrae van hierdie studie het betrekking tot die toepaslikheid van TPB en NAT konsepte in 'n plaaslike konteks. In terme van praktiese implikasies, was die gevolgtrekking dat die regering en besighede betrokke moet raak in die bevordering van pro-omgewings wegdoen opsies en die opvoeding van verbruikers oor die voordele van die afhandeling van klere op 'n pro-omgewings wyse.
Dissertation (MConsumer Science)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Consumer Science
MConsumer Science
Unrestricted
10
Wang, Qiong. "Hydro-mechanical behaviour of bentonite-based materials used for high-level radioactive waste disposal." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00806392.
Full textAbstract:
This study deals with the hydro-mechanical behaviour of compacted bentonite-based materials used as sealing materials in high-level radioactive waste repositories. The pure MX80 bentontie, mixtures of MX80/crushed claystone and MX80/sand were used in the investigation. An experimental study on the swelling pressure of the bentonite-based materials was first performed. The results evidenced the effects of water chemistry, hydration procedure and duration, pre-existing technological void and experimental methods. Emphasis was put on the relationship between the swelling pressure and the final dry density of bentonite. Afterwards, the water retention test, hydration test and suction controlled oedometer test were conducted on samples with different voids including the technological void and the void inside the soil. By introducing the parameters as bentonite void ratio and water volume ratio, an overall analysis of the effects of voids on the hydro-mechanical response of the compacted material was performed. To get better insight into the seal evolution in case of technological void, the effects of final dry density and hydration time on the microstructure features were also characterized. Then, the hydraulic properties under unsaturated state were investigated by carrying out water retention test and infiltration test as well as the microstructure observation. The results obtained allowed relating the variation of hydraulic conductivity to the microstructure changes. A small scale (1/10) mock up test of the SEALEX in situ experiment was also performed to study the recovery capacity of bentonite-based material with consideration of a technological void. The results were used for interpreting the in-situ observations. With a reduced time scale, it provides useful information for estimating the saturation duration and sealing effectiveness of the field design. Finally, the experimental data obtained in the laboratory on bentonite/sand mixture were interpreted in the framework of the Barcelona Expansive Model (BExM). By comparing the model with the experimental results, the performance and limitation of the model were analyzed
11
Honorio, de Faria Tulio. "Modelling Concrete Behaviour At Early-Age : Multiscale Analysis And Simulation Of A Massive Disposal Structure." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0045/document.
Full textAbstract:
La prédiction précise du comportement à long et court terme des structures en béton dans le domaine nucléaire est essentielle pour assurer des performances optimales (intégrité, capacité de confinement) pendant leur durée de vie. Dans le cas particulier des structures massives en béton, la chaleur produite au jeune âge par les processus d'hydratation ne peut pas s’évacuer rapidement, si bien que des températures élevées peuvent être atteintes et les gradients de température qui en résultent peuvent conduire à la fissuration, en fonction des conditions aux limites et contraintes internes auxquelles ces structures sont soumises. Les objectifs de cette étude sont (1) d'effectuer des simulations numériques afin de décrire et prédire le comportement thermo-chimio-mécanique au jeune âge d'une structure massive en béton dédiée au stockage de déchets en surface, et (2) de développer et appliquer des outils de changement d'échelle pour estimer rigoureusement, à partir de la composition du matériau, les propriétés physiques du béton nécessaires à une analyse au jeune âge. Une étude chimio-thermique visant à déterminer l'influence de la convection, du rayonnement solaire, du re-rayonnement et de la chaleur d'hydratation sur la réponse thermique de la structure est tout d’abord menée. Des recommandations pratiques concernant les températures de bétonnage sont fournies afin de limiter la température maximale atteinte au sein de la structure. Ensuite, au moyen d'une analyse mécanique, des stratégies de modélisation simplifiées et plus complexes (prenant en compte l’endommagement couplé au fluage) sont mises en œuvre pour évaluer des scénarios intégrant différentes conditions aux limites issues de l'analyse chimio-thermique précédente. Dans un second temps, une étude prenant en compte le caractère multi-échelle du béton est réalisée. Un modèle simplifié de cinétique d'hydratation du ciment est proposé. Les évolutions des fractions volumiques des différentes phases au niveau de la pâte de ciment peuvent être alors estimées. Par la suite des outils d’homogénéisation analytiques et numériques développés dans un cadre vieillissant sont présentés et appliqués pour estimer les propriétés mécaniques et thermiques des matériaux cimentaires. Les données d’entrée utilisées dans l'analyse structurelle sont finalement comparées avec les estimations obtenues dans l'analyse multiéchelle. Pour conclure, la stratégie proposée dans cette thèse vise à prédire le comportement des structures massives en béton à partir de la composition du béton au moyen d'une approche séquentielle: le comportement du béton est estimé via les outils de changement d’échelle, fournissant ainsi les données d'entrée pour l'analyse phénoménologique à l’échelle de la structureThe accurate prediction of the long and short-term behaviour of concrete structures in the nuclear domain is essential to ensure optimal performances (integrity, containment roperties) during their service life. In the particular case of massive concrete structures, at early age the heat produced by hydration reactions cannot be evacuated fast enough so that high temperatures may be reached and the resulting gradients of temperature might lead to cracking according to the external and internal restraints to which the structures are subjected. The goals of this study are (1) to perform numerical simulations in order to describe and predict the thermo-chemo-mechanical behaviour at early-age of a massive concrete structure devoted to nuclear waste disposal on surface, and (2) to develop and apply upscaling tools to estimate rigorously the key properties of concrete needed in an early-age analysis from the composition of the material. Firstly, a chemo-thermal analysis aims at determining the influence of convection, solar radiation, reradiation and hydration heat on the thermal response of the structure. Practical recommendations regarding concreting temperatures are provided in order to limit the maximum temperature reached within the structure. Then, by means of a mechanical analysis, simplified and more complex (i.e. accounting for coupled creep and damage) modelling strategies are used to assess scenarios involving different boundary conditions defined from the previous chemo-thermal analysis. Secondly, a study accounting for the multiscale character of concrete is performed. A simplified model of cement hydration kinetics is proposed. The evolution of the different phases at the cement paste level can be estimated. Then, analytical and numerical tools to upscale the ageing properties are presented and applied to estimate the mechanical and thermal properties of cementbased materials. Finally, the input data used in the structural analysis are compared with the estimations obtained in the multiscale analysis. To conclude, the entire strategy proposed in this thesis aims at predicting the behaviour of massive concrete structures from the composition of the concrete by means of a sequenced approach: concrete behaviour is estimated using the upscaling tools, providing then the input data to the phenomenological analysis at the structure level
12
GALLARDO, TERESA, and KRISTA KORKIAKOSKI. "Consumer practices in use and disposal : the sustainable fashion challenge." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18079.
Full textAbstract:
In the last two decades a drive for sustainable fashion emerged, grew and ultimately failed. In its beginnings the boom of green fashion and the saturation of labelled so-called sustainable garments, followed by the realization that most of the labelling did not hold any consistency behind it, overwhelmed consumers and made them immune to the effects of green marketing. This occurred because of the approach the fashion industry took regarding the topic. They needed to sell their products no matter what, and if a green tag with a recycling logo and a “green is the new black” motto would help them, they would embrace it. However, after several scandals and inquiries about the validity of the sustainable claims advertised, consumers grew rapidly disappointed and eventually unconcerned, falling back into their usual consumption habits without regard for ethical and environmental aspects. Nevertheless, once uncovered, the issues emerging from the production of garments could not be hidden once again, and companies were then required to take regulatory measures in order to mitigate the effects of the industry, if only to satisfy the general public’s knowledge and perceptions of the brands. As is well known this is not yet standard procedure and the ideal scenario for sustainable fashion production is still a road that continues on, but a small battle was won in the sustainability agenda and corporate social responsibility is nowadays common practice within large enterprises, again, if only for the sake of their stakeholders view. The truth, however, proves to be that this is not enough. Of the main environmental issues caused by clothing, not production, but use and consumption proved to be the most critical points in the larger picture. The amount of water, energy and waste created by laundering alone poses one of the biggest threats to the sustainable fashion notion, as well as the ever increasing textile waste in landfills. These issues are related entirely to each individual user and their actions, but the endeavor of making the large public aware of this issue is being undertaken by several, relatively small enterprises both private and public that don’t seem to be succeeding according to the studies. The public is not going to voluntarily wake up and undertake the quest for consuming and disposing sustainably unless they become aware first of their actions, and are given enough infrastructure to do so. This thesis concentrates on the problematic of consumer awareness regarding both use and disposal phases as well as the existing or possible solutions that help mitigate the devastating effects on the environment clothing is causing nowadays.Program: Master programme in Fashion Management
13
Ghahremannejad, Behrooz. "Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of Two Reconstituted Clays." University of Sydney. Civil Engineering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/492.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of temperature on soil behaviour has been the subject of many studies in recent years due to an increasing number of projects related to the application of high temperature to soil. One example is the construction of facilities for the disposal of hot high level nuclear waste canisters (150-200C) several hundred meters underground in the clay formations. Despite this, the effects and mechanism by which temperature affects the soil properties and behaviour are not fully known. A limited amount of reliable experimental data, technological difficulties and experimental methods employed by different researchers could have contributed to the uncertainties surrounding the soil behaviour at elevated temperature. Also several thermo-mechanical models have been developed for soil behaviour, but their validity needs to be examined by reliable experimental data. In this research, efforts have been made to improve the experimental techniques. Direct displacement measuring devices have been successfully used for the first time to measure axial and lateral displacements of clay samples during tests at various temperatures. The thermo mechanical behaviour of two reconstituted clays has been investigated by performing triaxial and permeability tests at elevated temperature. Undrained and drained triaxial tests were carried out on normally consolidated and over consolidated samples of M44 clay and Kaolin C1C under different effective stresses, and at temperatures between 22C and 100C. Permeability tests were carried out on samples of M44 clay at temperatures between 22C and 50C. The effects of temperature on permeability, volume change, pore pressure development, shear strength and stiffness, stress strain response and critical state parameters for different consolidation histories have been investigated by comparing the results at various temperatures. The results are also compared with the predictions of two models. It has been found that at elevated temperature the shear strength, friction angle and initial small strain stiffness reduce whereas permeability increases. The slope of the swelling line in the v-p� plane has been found to reduce with temperature. The slope of the isotropic normal consolidation line (INCL) and critical state line (CSL) in the v-p� plane have been observed to be independent of temperature, but both the INCL and the CSL shift downwards to lower locations as temperature increases. The deformations during drained cooling and re heating cycles have been found to be elastic and to simply reflect the expansivity of the soils solid particles. The thermal volume changes during undrained heating have been observed to be direct results of the thermal expansion of water and clay particles. The internal displacement measuring devices have been found to produce reliable data for the variation of strains at elevated temperature.
14
Arvidsson, Evelina, and Vera Kling. "Factors influencing the intention to perform in-store recycling : A qualitative study applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour to the Swedish fashion industry." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-42345.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Due to the fashion industry being one of the most polluting industries in the world with more clothing than ever being thrown away, attention has been brought to the need for more sustainable clothing behaviours. Therefore, the in-store recycling boxes have been introduced as an alternative for recycling. Previous literature has focused mainly on companies’ perspectives or consumers purchasing behaviours, hence there is a gap for literature on consumers’ disposal and recycling behaviours. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine what factors influence consumers’ intentions to use in-store recycling boxes. This will be done by applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour by Ajzen (1991). Method: A qualitative approach in terms of two focus groups and two individual interviews was applied. The study was made on the consumers’ perspectives, and therefore the participants were 11 Swedish female students. Conclusion: The empirical findings and analysis toward previous literature and theoretical framework revealed that the main factors influencing consumers’ intentions to use in-store recycling boxes are lack of information about the recycling process, the possibility to drop off damaged clothing, and the developing possibility to make new clothing out of recycled materials. The lack of information had the greatest impact, which was unfavourable toward the intention to perform the behaviour and hence obstructed the participants from using in-store recycling boxes.
15
Wild, Simon Richard. "The fate and behaviour of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludge amended agricultural soils and their uptake by plants." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318212.
Full text
16
Nshimirimana, Jules. "Attitudes and behaviour of low-income households towards the management of domestic solid waste in Tafelsig, Mitchell's Plain." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
Solid waste management in South Africa has been focussing on the technical issues of waste disposal with little attention paid to the social and economic aspects of households. It is important to find out the impact of the attitude and perception of households on solid waste management, especially in low-income areas to be able to deal with the deplorabe domestic solid waste management in such areas. The quantity of solid waste generated in low-income areas is often assumed to be less than the solid waste generated in high-income neighbourhoods. In most of the townships of low-income households in Cape Town, the residents live next to mountains of solid waste which is not the case in middle and high income areas. This clearly has a negative effect on the environment and human health. Tafelsig is one of the low-income Cape Flats townships where the open spaces and green areas are dumping areas. The small yard that people own is often unclean. The aim of the study was to examine how households residing in the low-income neighbourhood (Tafelsig, Mitchell's Plain) view domestic solid waste and its management. The study explored the perceptions, attitudes and behaviour of these households towards the production and management of sold waste. Issues relating to the degradation of their environment and to solid waste mismanagement were also examined.
17
Schröder, Kristin, and Saskia Pietralla. "Generation y’s intention to perform in-store recycling in the fast fashion industry: A combined TPB and NAM approach." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39632.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Due to accelerating environmental problems caused by fast fashion sustainable business solutions become increasingly important. Thus, the following thesis examines generation y’s intention to perform in-store recycling at fast fashion retailers and investigates the factors most influential on intention. Besides, it analyses if an attitude-intention gap exists. To fulfil the study’s purpose, a combination of the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1985) and the norm activation model (Schwartz, 1977) is used. Approach: Within this study a quantitative method in terms of an online survey is applied. Based on a sample of 326 respondents, relationships between variables are analysed with Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression. To further identify differences among groups, Independent samples t-test and ANOVA are conducted. Findings: The study’s findings reveal that generation y generally intends to participate in in-store recycling, while the intention is significantly higher among women than men. The intention to perform in-store recycling is predominantly intrinsically motivated as it is most driven by individuals’ personal norm. Value: The findings of our study particularly add value for fast fashion retailers and marketers by presenting a novel research model combining most relevant factors required to adequately address consumers among generation y to perform in-store recycling. This specifically allows fashion retailers to successfully establish the concept of in-store recycling. Our study is further beneficial for sustainability researchers, environmental activists, charity organisations and policy makers to create a more sustainable future.
18
Weilöv, Amanda, and Matilda Källqvist. "Ett trendigt kretslopp : en studie om konsumenters attityder kring att lämna in sina avlagda kläder till modebutiker." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-226.
Full textAbstract:
I samband med att konsumtionen av kläder och textilier ökar i världen slängs också allt mer kläder i hushållssoporna. Studier visar att den genomsnittliga svensken köper cirka 15 kg kläder varje år varav hela 8 kg hamnar i soporna. Endast 20 % av det totala textila avfallet återvinns. Trots att återvinning av textilier visat sig ha mer miljönytta än till exempel återvinning av tidningspapper så finns i dagsläget inget producentansvar för textilbranschen, vilket gör att all insamling av textilier sker på frivillig basis genom bland annat välgörenhetsorganisationer. Oavsett om ett producentansvar kommer att införas för branschen i framtiden eller inte krävs att samtliga parter, både konsument och producent engagerar sig i processen för att insamlingen ska fungera. Syftet med denna uppsats var därför att ta reda på konsumenters attityder kring alternativet att lämna in sina avlagda kläder till modebutiker för återvinning och återanvändning. Vi har också velat identifiera vilka faktorer som motiverar konsumenter till att lämna in sina kläder till butikerna, för att ta reda på hur producentledet på bästa sätt kan bemöta konsumenternas önskemål. För att ta reda på konsumenternas attityder kring alternativet att lämna in sina avlagda kläder till modebutiker har vi utfört en enkätundersökning där vi ställde frågor om konsumenternas bortskaffningsvanor i dagsläget, anledningar till vanorna samt om deras övergripande åsikter kring att lämna in kläder till modebutiker. Resultatet av vår enkätundersökning visar att de flesta konsumenter, framför allt de kvinnliga, har en positiv attityd till att lämna in sina kläder till modebutiker, även om de inte väljer alternativet i dagsläget. De flesta respondenter saknade dock kunskap och erfarenhet kring modebutiker som insamlingsplats, vilket gör det svårare att fastställa deras attityd gentemot alternativet. Faktorer som information, lättillgänglighet och att hjälpa andra behövande identifierades som viktiga hos konsumenterna vid val av bortskaffningsalternativ, och bör således tas i beaktning av modebutikerna i insamlingsprocessen.As the consumption of clothing and textiles increase in the world, people tend to throw away more and more clothing into the household waste. Studies show that the average Swedish person buys about 15 kg of clothing every year, of which 8 kg end up in the trashcan. Only 20 % of the total textile waste is being recycled. In spite of the fact that textile recycling has more environmental benefits than for example recycling of newsprint, there is no producer responsibility in the textile industry today, which means that all collecting of textiles is voluntary. Whether a producer responsibility will be mandatory in the industry in the future or not, it requires that all party, both consumer and producer engage in the process of collecting textiles in order for it to work. The purpose of this study was therefor to examine consumers’ attitudes towards the option to submit their unwanted clothing to fashion stores for recycling and reuse. We also wanted to identify the major factors that motivate consumers to submit their clothing to fashion stores in order to find out how producers can respond to consumers preferences. To find out what attitudes consumers' have towards the option to submit their unwanted clothing to fashion stores, we made a survey that contained questions concerning their behaviour; how they presently get rid of their unwanted clothing, the underlying reasons for their habits and their over all opinions regarding the option to submit their unwanted clothing to fashion stores. The result from our survey showed that most consumers, especially women, had a positive attitude towards submitting their unwanted clothing to fashion stores, even though most stated that they had never considered it as an option before our study took place. The fact that most of the respondents lacked knowledge and experience about the possibility to submit their unwanted clothing to fashion stores, made it a bit difficult for us to determine their attitude towards it as an alternative. Factors such as information, accessibility and to help others in need were identified as important by consumers when choosing how to get rid of their unwanted clothing, and should therefore be taken into consideration by fashion stores in the collecting process.
19
Haque, Md Mominul. "Comparison of behaviour of 1520 mm (60 in.) concrete pipe with sidd design under deep cover." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1176497142.
Full text
20
Lang, Linzhi [Verfasser], Jörg [Gutachter] Renner, and Snehasis [Gutachter] Tripathy. "Hydro-mechanical behaviour of bentonite-based materials used for disposal of radioactive wastes / Linzhi Lang ; Gutachter: Jörg Renner, Snehasis Tripathy ; Fakultät für Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1182682383/34.
Full text
21
Warneryd, Sara, Linnéa Magnusson, and Linnéa Furhammar. "Textilåtervinning och belöningssystem : En kvalitativ studie kring drivkrafterna bakom hållbart konsumentbeteende." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22021.
Full textAbstract:
I takt med att textilindustrin växer och konsumtionen ökar är det viktigt att belysa problemet kring hur man ska avyttra kläder man inte längre använder. Bara i Sverige slängs det varje år 7,5 kg textilier per person i hushållssoporna. Idag finns en mängd olika alternativ på marknaden som verkar för att ta hand om detta problem, såsom att lämna textilier i klädbutik i utbyte mot en rabattcheck eller liknande ersättning. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka drivkrafterna bakom textilåtervinning i butik samt huruvida initiativ som rabatterbjudanden vid återvinning kan stimulera konsumtion snarare än verka för hållbarhet. Undersökningen baseras på tio semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes på kvinnor i åldrarna 20-26. I intervjuerna framkommer deltagarnas vanor när det kommer till konsumtion och återvinning men även attityder och inställning till butikers återvinningstjänster som innehåller rabatterbjudanden. Det empiriska resultatet har kategoriserats under tre olika teman; Medvetenhet gällande miljö och återvinning, Konsumtion samt Attityder och drivkrafter bakom återvinning i butik. Utifrån dessa teman har vi analyserat vårt resultat med hjälp av tidigare forskning och litteratur inom området. Resultatet av vår studie tyder på hög miljömedvetenhet hos samtliga deltagare samt att dessa försöker agera medvetet i viss utsträckning, men inte alltid prioriterar hållbarhet och miljö. Anledningen till varför man väljer att lämna in kläder i butik är främst av bekvämlighetsskäl, ekonomiska motiv i form av rabatt samt att man upplever att butikerna besitter kunskap om hur kläderna ska hanteras när de väl samlats in.As the textile industry grows larger and overall consumption increases, it is important to highlight the issue regarding disposal method of clothes no longer in use. In Sweden, the yearly disposal of textile in household waste amounts to 7.5 kg per capita. There are currently several different disposal options available, such as handing in apparel in-store in exchange for discounts or similar compensation. This study aims to investigate the drivers behind in-store textile recycling and whether initiatives such as discounts can stimulate further consumption rather than promote sustainability. The study is based on ten semi-structured interviews conducted on women aged 20-26. The interview show the participants' habits related to consumption and recycling, but also their attitudes and thoughts about recycling services including discounts, offered by stores. The empirical result has been categorized under four different themes; Sustainability and recycling awareness, Consumption, Attitudes and drivers behind in-store recycling and The importance of discounts. Based on these themes, we have analyzed our results using previous research and relevant literature within the approached field. The result of our study indicates high environmental awareness for all participants and that these are acting conscious to some extent, however not always prioritizing sustainability and environmental objectives. The main reasons for handing in apparel in-store are convenience, economic motives in terms of discounts and the sentiment that stores possess the knowledge of processing the apparel once they have been collected.
22
Bernarducci, Breanna, and Shepin Chen. "Patient Reported Medication Disposal Behaviors and Perceptions." The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623580.
Full textAbstract:
Class of 2011 AbstractOBJECTIVES: To determine whether perceptions of drug disposal among patients are driven by environmental concerns or medication diversion, to determine the preferred method of medication disposal, and to identify related demographic characteristics. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross sectional study. The primary dependent variable is patients' perception of medication disposal. The secondary dependent variables include the impact of income and the preferred method of disposal. Demographic variables include age, medication use, education level, gender, and average household income. RESULTS: The paper survey was completed by 86 patients. Overall, study participants were more concerned with environmental concerns (69.6%, p<0.001) rather than with medication diversion (11.4%) or convenience (19.0%). In the disposal of medications, study participants preferred dropping off medications at a pharmacy (43.8%, p<0.001) to disposing medications at a secure drop off point (17.2%) , crushing medications into coffee grounds (28.9%), or mailing medications to a secure federal collection site (10.2%). Income level of the participants had no impact on their perception of drug disposal or preferred method of medication disposal. CONCLUSION: Patients' perception of drug disposal is more related to environmental concerns than with medication diversion or convenience. Patients' preferred method of medication disposal was pharmacy drop-off as opposed to driving to a secure medication drop off point, crushing medications into coffee grounds, or mailing medications to a secure federal site.
23
Xu, Nan. "Sustainable Waste Treatment : Facilitating sustainable disposal of used garments." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104784.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, with concerns about environmental and health issues, the awareness of more environmentally friendly and sustainable waste disposal is growing. However, due to the widespread disposal of waste items in the fashion field, such as landfills and incineration, the problems caused by these disposal methods cannot meet people’s sustainable needs for waste treatment. Therefore, the project is based on consumers, focusing on the sustainable treatment of used garments, and provides some possibilities for solving problems related to other types of used products. In order to achieve this goal, this project starts from the literature review of garments disposal behavior, and through the understanding of the theories such as life cycle assessment and waste hierarchy, as well as the collection and analysis of user survey data, completed the design of the project solution. By reference to the theoretical framework and application of the methodological framework, the project finally proposed a solution composed of three consumer-oriented design ideas, mainly in the form of social design to facilitate people’s recycling, reuse and other sustainable disposals of used garments.
24
Iida, Yoshihisa. "Study on Migration Behavior of Selenium for Safety Assessment of Radioactive Waste Disposal." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157575.
Full text
25
Swegmark, Maja, Eva Andersson, and Danielle Holmberg. "Oönskade kläder, vart tar de vägen? : En kvalitativ studie om hur unga kvinnoravyttrar sina kläder." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26357.
Full textAbstract:
Konceptet fast fashion har skapat ökade möjligheter för konsumenten att kontinuerligtuppdatera sina kläder i garderoben. Den konstanta rörelsen där nya kläder introduceras samtidigt som plagg avyttras bidrar till negativ påverkan på miljö och samhälle. Ett sätt förkonsumenten att minska påfrestningarna på miljön är genom att oönskade kläder får kommatill fortsatt användning med hjälp av metoder som att sälja och donera. Trots det visar siffror på att slänga kläderna i soporna är en alltför vanlig avvytringmetod bland konsumenter. Det är därför av största relevans att undersöka vart kläderna tar vägen efter de har lämnat garderoben och varför konsumenten gör sig av med dem på ett visst sätt. Tidigare studier kring avyttringsbeteende av kläder är främst av en kvantitativ karaktär där resultatet pekar på att den bakomliggande orsaken till valet att avyttra kläder grundar sig på plaggets egenskaper. Kring valet av avyttringsmetod pekar tidigare studier istället på individens egenskaper såsom ålder och intressen. Tidigare forskning tycks därmed inte ta hänsyn till individens relation till det enskilda plagget. Eftersom konsumenter har olika erfarenheter och personligheter kan det således påverka konsumentens syn på hur de värderar det enskilda plagget. Det krävs därför mer kvalitativ forskning till hur denna värderingsprocess går till och vilka faktorer som påverkar konsumentens val av avyttring. Unga kvinnor klassifieras som den konsumentgrupp som vill följa med i modetrenderna och konsumerar därmed mest kläder. Därför kommer denna studie att undersöka målgruppen unga kvinnor mellan 20-30 år. Resultatet ska bidra till en ökad förståelse för unga kvinnors avyttringsbeteende vilket i senare skede kan vara till hjälp för att främja avyttringsmetoder som förlänger plaggets livslängd. Studien grundar sig på en kvalitativ metod där tolv semistrukturerade intervjuer ligger tillgrund för empirin. Materialet från intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av en modell som beskriver olika faktorer vilket leder fram till konsumentens avyttringsbeslut och alternativ. Resultatet visade på hur unga kvinnors avyttringsbeslut påverkades av den känslomässiga relationen mellan ägaren och plagget. Relationen kännetecknas bland annat hur väl klädesplagget stämmer överens med individens självbild och identitet samt klädesplaggets sentimentala värde, såsom att plagget präglar en betydelsefull händelse i konsumentens liv eller tilldelats som en gåva. Ett avyttringsbeslut påverkas även av plaggets inköpspris, skick och användbarhet. Konsumentens situation såsom tid eller upplevd ansträgning påverkade även avyttringsbeslutet. Vidare har samhället en signifikant roll där information och tillgänglighet av olika avyttringslaternativ påverkar hur konsumenten avyttrar sina kläder. De metoder som framhävs i resultatet vid avyttring är sälja, donera, dela och slänga. Valet av metod grundar sig dels på externa faktorer som berör infrastruktur, dels interna faktorer som berör produkten och konsumenten men också relationen mellan individen och plagget. Förslag på vidare forskning är att studera fler typer av produktkategorier.The concept of fast fashion has created increased opportunities for consumers to continuously update their clothes in the wardrobe. The constant movement where new clothes are introduced at the same time as garments are disposed contributes to a negative impact on the environment and society. One way for consumers to reduce the impact on the environment is by allowing unwanted clothing to continue to be used using methods such as selling and donating. Nevertheless, numbers show that throwing clothes in the trash is a far too common method by consumers. Therefore it is out of utmost relevance to examine where the clothes go and why they are disposed in a certain way after they have left the wardrobe. Previous studies on disposal behaviour of clothing is mainly of a quantitative nature where the results show that the underlying reason for the choice to dispose of clothes is based on the garment’s properties. Regarding the choice of disposal method, previous studies point instead to the individual's characteristics such as age and interests. Previous studies do not seem to take into account the individual's relationship to the individual garment. Since consumers have different experiences and personalities, it can affect the consumer's view of how they value the individual garment. More qualitative research is therefore needed on how this valuation process works and what factors influence the consumer's choice of disposition. Young women are classified as the consumer group that wants to follow fashion trends and consume the most clothes. Therefore, this study will examine the target group of young women between 20-30 years. The result will contribute to an increased understanding of young women's disposal behavior, which at a later stage can be helpful in promoting disposal methods that prolongs the life of the garment. The study is based on a qualitative method where twelve semi-structured interviews form the basis of the empirical data. The material from the interviews was analyzed using a model that describes various factors, which leads to the consumer's disposal decisions and alternatives. The results showed how young women's disposal decisions were affected by the emotional relationship between the owner and the garment. The relationship is characterized by, among other things, how well the garment matches the individual's self-image and identity and the sentimental value of the garment, such as that the garment marks a significant event in the consumer’s life or is a gift. A disposal decision is also affected by the garment's purchase price, quality, condition, and usability. The consumer's situation such as time or perceived effort affected the disposal decision as well. Furthermore, society has a significant role where information and availability of various disposal alternatives affect how the consumer disposes of her clothes. The methods of disposal that are highlighted in the result are sell, donate, share and throw away. The choice of method is partly based on external factors that refer to infrastructure, partly internal factors that refer to the product and the consumer, but also the relationship between the individual and the garment. Suggestions for further research are to study more types of product categories.
26
Pahuja, Sanjay 1970. "Capping of very weak dredged materials in confined aquatic disposal : modeling of strength and transport behavior." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87170.
Full text
27
Novak, David C. "Meeting state waste stream reduction mandates through recycling : examining residential waste disposal behavior in rural Virginia /." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063158/.
Full text
28
Enderle, Larissa, and Carla Leonie Schiele. "Understanding consumers’ perception of the end-of-life of a garment : Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to consumers’ disposal intention." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26370.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this master’s thesis is to investigate consumers’ perceptions of the end-of-life stage of a garment. Overall, the objective is to determine influencing factors that impact consumers’ disposal decisions to conceive a better understanding of post-purchase consumer behavior and formulate implications for both business and society. Design/Methodology/Approach The research of this study follows a deductive approach, whereby hypotheses are derived from existing literature and the Theory of Planned Behavior. A single quantitative data collection method is applied to collect primary data, namely, a cross-sectional self-administered online questionnaire. An effective sample size of 398 respondents is statistically analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The conducted descriptive research design investigates the causal relationships between the latent variables and the Behavioral Intention. Findings The empirical findings reveal that consumers’ Attitude positively and individuals’ Subjective Norm negatively influences the intention to dispose of garments. The Personal Value of consumers highly negatively impacts the Attitude and therefore indicates an indirect relationship to an individual’s behavioral intention. There is no significant correlation between consumers’ Endeavor to Change to their Attitude towards garment disposal and between Perceived Behavioral Control and an individual’s disposal intention. Implications Fashion enterprises are advised to act as educators to raise awareness of the adverse effects of frequent garment disposal and elucidate lifetime-extension measures, such as creating emotional attachment through customization or co-creation. Furthermore, emphasizing longevity during the production phase is crucial to hinder the influential factor of disposal due to damage. Therefore, policymakers’ importance is decisive in establishing industry-wide standards regarding garment production and lifetime-extension practices. Furthermore, societal education about garment disposal opportunities should be provided, for example, through implementation in the general curriculum of schools and governmental or nongovernmental organizations’ campaigns. Originality/Value By taking the general development toward a throwaway society into account, a connection to the textile industry is drawn in this thesis. When looking at the literature, it is visible that increasing attention is placed on the post-consumer phase. However, the technical constitution and the actual disposal approaches were mostly covered in this context. Therefore, the authors of this thesis examine the particular consumers’ determination of the end-of-life stage of garments to contribute to current circumstances and related literature.
29
Sidique, Shaufique Fahmi. "Analysis of recycling behavior, recycling demand, and effectiveness of policies promoting recycling." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Find full text
30
Abdi, Hadj. "Mechanical and Hydromechanical Behavior of Host Sedimentary Rocks for Deep Geological Repository for Nuclear Wastes." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30924.
Full textAbstract:
Sedimentary rocks are characterized with very low permeability (in the order of 10-22 m2), low diffusivity, a possible self-healing of fractures, and a good capacity to retard radionuclide transport. In recent years, sedimentary rocks are investigated by many research groups for their suitability for the disposal of radioactive waste. Development of deep geologic repositories (DGRs) for the storage of radioactive waste within these formations causes progressive modification to the state of stress, to the groundwater regime, and to the chemistry of the rock mass. Thermal effects due to the ongoing nuclear activity can cause additional disturbances to the system. All these changes in the system are coupled and time-dependent processes. These coupled processes can result in the development of an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) around excavations. More permeable than the undisturbed rock, the EDZ is likely to be a preferential pathway for water and gas flow. Consequently, the EDZ could be a potential exit pathway for the radioactive waste to biosphere. An investigation of the Hydraulic-Mechanical (HM) and Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) behaviour of sedimentary rock formations is essential for the development of DGRs within such formations.
This research work consists of (1) an experimental investigation of the mechanical behaviour of the anisotropic Tournemire argillite, (2) modeling of the mechanical behaviour of the Tournemire argillite, and (3) numerical simulations of the mechanical and hydromechanical behavior of two host sedimentary rocks, the Tournemire argillite and Cobourg limestone, for deep geological repository for nuclear wastes.
The experimental program includes the measurements of the physical properties of the Tournemire argillite and its mechanical response to loading during uniaxial compression tests, triaxial compression tests with different confining pressures, unconfined and confined cyclic compression tests, Brazilian tests, and creep tests. Also, acoustic emission events are recorded to detect the initiation and propagation of microcracks within the rock during the uniaxial testing.
The approach for modeling the mechanical behaviour of the Tournemire argillite consists of four components: elastic properties of the argillite, a damage model, the proposed concept of mobilized strength parameters, and the classical theory of elastoplasticity. The combination of the four components results in an elastoplastic-damage model for describing the mechanical behaviour of the Tournemire argillite. The capabilities of the model are evaluated by simulating laboratory experiments.
Numerical simulations consist of: (1) a numerical simulation of a mine-by-test experiment at the Tournemire site (France), and (2) numerical simulations of the mechanical and hydromechanical behaviour of the Cobourg limestone within the EDZ (Canada). The parameters influencing the initiation and evolution of EDZ over time in sedimentary rocks are discussed.
31
Scott, John MacDougall III. "A System Dynamics Model of the Operations, Maintenance and Disposal Costs of New Technologies for Ship Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46266.
Full textAbstract:
Estimating the cost of new technology insertion into an existing (or new) operating environment is of great concern and interest for those entities that own and operate that technology. New technology has many cost requirements associated with it, for instance; design, manufacturing, operation, maintenance and disposal all add to the life-cycle cost of a technology. Estimation and planning methods are needed to better match the costs associated with technology life-cycle requirements (design, manufacturing, etc.) in order to optimize the spending of funds. By optimizing (or closely matching) predicted technology life-cycle costs to a budget the new technology system will have a high probability of operating more efficiently and will minimize costs.
System Dynamics has been used to understand and simulate how complex systems of people and technologies operate over time. Decisions (such as how much funding is allocated when in a technology life-cycle) that occur temporally or in a complex environment (i.e., many causes and effects) can be simulated to evaluate the impact the decision may have. Currently, the majority of decision theories and tools are focused on one moment in time (event-focused) rather than including the dynamic nature that decisions can have over time. Evaluating decisions at one instant versus taking into account the life-cycle impact a decision can have, is especially important to the US Government, where investment decisions can involve billions of dollars today, but potentially hundreds of billions later for technology life-cycle requirements.
The Navy has experienced large cost overruns in the implementation of new technologies especially in the operations, support and disposal life-cycle phases. There is a lack of detailed knowledge of the dynamic nature of the technology operations, support and disposal (OS&D) processes undertaken by aircraft-carrier builders and planners. This research effort is to better understand and simulate the dynamics prevalent in the new technology implementation process and use a dynamic modeling technique, namely, System Dynamics in our study.
A System Dynamics model based on the information and data obtained from experts including; General Dynamics - Newport News Shipbuilding, the Naval Sea Command Cost Estimating Group, and Virginia Polytechnic and State University - System Performance Laboratory. The model was constructed to simulate and predict the cost of operating, maintaining and disposing of a new technology. The investigation of the dynamics yields four dominant behaviors that characterize the technology OS&D process. These four dynamic behaviors are; exponential growth, goal seeking, overshoot & collapse and S-shaped growth with overshoot. Furthermore, seven dynamic hypotheses in the system are investigated. The model predicts an increase in the risk and degradation of new technologies leads to an increase in the total costs in the technology OS&D process. Three interesting insights that lead to increased total OS&D costs were; an inequality between the requirements for OS&D and provided budget, any delay in additional funding being provided and that as the new technology system grew older, it became less costly to maintain.Master of Science
32
Sands, William A., Wendy L. Kimmel, Brittany R. Wurtz, Michael H. Stone, and Jeni R. McNeal. "Comparison of Commercially Available Disposable Chemical Hand and Foot Warmers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4603.
Full textAbstract:
Objective Small chemical hand and foot warmers are used by many winter sport athletes and other outdoor enthusiasts. The purpose of this study was to characterize the thermal behaviors of 14 commercially available hand and foot warmers.
Methods Both types of warmers were instrumented with a fast-responding thermistor. One of each pair of warmers was placed in a boot or glove. Temperature was recorded in a data logger for a period of hours to more than a day until the heat output of the devices ceased and returned to room temperature. Thermal behaviors were characterized and graphed, including peak temperature, time to peak temperature, and duration of temperature greater than 30°C. Reliability was determined by comparing thermal behavior of 2 hand or foot warmers of the same type and from the same manufacturer. Comparisons were also made between package claims and measured behaviors.
Results Measured outcomes were most noteworthy in their variability within and between manufacturers and types of warmers. A strong correlation was found between the masses of the warmers and their duration of heat production.
Conclusions Although there is a paucity of research information on these types of warmers, this experiment showed that some of the devices exceeded packaging claims while others fell short; that the thermal behavior over time of the devices was variable; and that there appears to be a simple but strong relationship between the mass of the devices and the duration of their heat production.
33
Saba, Simona. "Comportement hydromécanique différé des barrières ouvragées argileuses gonflantes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00985466.
Full textAbstract:
Dans le but de vérifier l'efficacité des dispositifs de scellement ou des barrières ouvragées dans le stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs, l'Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) a mis en œuvre le projet expérimental SEALEX (SEALing performance EXperiments) auquel ce travail est étroitement lié. Dans le cadre de ce projet, des essais in-situ sont effectués à l'échelle représentative et dans des conditions naturelles sur un mélange compacté de bentonite et de sable. Ce matériau de mélange a été choisi pour sa faible perméabilité et surtout pour sa capacité de gonflement qui permet de colmater les vides existant dans le système, notamment le vide technologique correspondant au vide radial entre le noyau de scellement et la roche hôte et qui est inévitable au cours de l'installation du noyau dans le forage. Une fois les vides scellés, le gonflement à volume constant engendre une pression de gonflement aussi bien sur la roche hôte (radiale) que sur les structures de confinement en béton (axiale). Le comportement de ce matériau dans ces conditions de couplages hydromécaniques est alors étudié dans ce travail. La microstructure du matériau à son état initial a été premièrement examinée par micro-tomographie rayons-X. Ceci a permis de voir la distribution des grains de bentonite et de sable ainsi que le réseau de pores dans l'échantillon. Des macro-pores se sont retrouvés concentrés à la périphérie de l'échantillon ainsi qu'entre les grains de sable, ce qui pourra affecter à court terme la perméabilité. L'hydratation du même matériau en condition de gonflement limité a été ensuite observée par une photographie 2D et par la micro-tomographie aux rayons-X. Le mécanisme de gonflement par production de gel de bentonite, la cinétique de gonflement, la diminution de densité et l'homogénéisation du matériau final on été analysés. L'hydratation en conditions de gonflement empêché a été aussi étudiée par des essais où la pression de gonflement a été mesurée dans deux directions : radialement et axialement. La différence retrouvée entre les pressions de gonflement axiales et radiales a évoqué la présence d'une anisotropie de microstructure qui a été analysée en fonction de la masse volumique sèche de bentonite dans le mélange. Des essais en modèle réduit reproduisant à une échelle 1/10ème les essais in situ (SEALEX) ont été également effectués afin d'étudier le comportement du noyau compacté après la reprise des vides au cas d'un accident détruisant les éléments de confinement. Des mesures locales de pression de gonflement le long des échantillons ont permis de mettre en évidence l'évolution du gradient de densité durant le gonflement axial. Finalement une comparaison entre les résultats obtenus dans ce travail et ceux d'un essai in situ (SEALEX) a été faite. Une bonne correspondance entre les valeurs d'humidités relatives a été retrouvée pour les mêmes longueurs d'hydratation tout en prenant en compte la saturation par le vide technologique radial. Par contre, la comparaison des évolutions et des valeurs de pressions de gonflement était plus compliquée vu les différences de configurations des essais
34
Godrej, Adil N. "The sorptive behavior of organic compounds on retorted oil shale." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54363.
Full textAbstract:
Oil shale is a valuable natural resource of oil. The United States has only 5% of the known world
reserves of recoverable crude oil and about 73% of the known world reserves of recoverable oil
shale. Before there can be full-scale commercial development of oil shale, the problems associated
with the large amounts of wastes generated by the processing of the shale must be solved. The
wastes have a complex chemical matrix. It is felt that the spent shale can be used as a sorbent to
either treat or pretreat the contaminated process waters or could be codisposed with the process
waters, Quite extensive work has been done in exploring this alternative with respect to inorganic
constituents, but that with organic constituents has been mainly restricted to the measurement of
total organic carbon. This study was done to base the analysis of the suitability of the spent shale
as a sorbent upon individual compounds so that a more fundamental understanding could be obtained
as to how families of compounds behave.Ph. D.
35
Ratliff, Brady, Stephanie Mathis, Mina McVeigh, Angela Hagaman, Morgan Jones, and Nicholas Hagemeier. "Count It! Lock It! Drop It!: A Descriptive Analysis of the Intentions and Behaviors of College Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/33.
Full textAbstract:
Prescription drug misuse is growing among college students. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, 559 full-time college students begin non-medically using prescription pain relievers every day. Within the last 12 months, nearly 12% of college students reported using prescription medications prescribed to a different person. Count It! Lock It! Drop It! is an initiative of the Coffee County Anti-Drug Coalition in Coffee County, Tennessee that educates the public on how prescription drug misuse can be prevented by counting, locking, and disposing of unused or expired medication. In collaboration with Count It! Lock It! Drop It! developers, a multi-pronged campaign using printed flyers and posters, residence hall door hangers, residence hall advisor t-shirts, campus yard signs, as well as digital and social media was developed and implemented in fall 2017 at East Tennessee State University. The objectives of this study were to: 1) assess exposure to the Count It! Lock It! Drop It! campaign among college students; and 2) examine perceptions and behaviors concerning medication storage and disposal among college students. A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted in November-December of 2017. Study participants were recruited from a series of listservs and included students 18 years of age and older currently enrolled at the University (n=274). Study variables included if and how students were exposed to the campaign, if they possessed expired or unused medications, if they counted, locked, or disposed of medication, and the likelihood of completing these tasks. Descriptive analyses were conducted using SPSS, version 24. Students reported print materials such as flyers as the most common channel of exposure. Among students reporting unused or expired medications in their household, a small percentage locked medication in a secure location in the past 30 days (13.7%), with a smaller percentage counting medication in the past 30 days (4.8%). The most common method of disposal was to discard of medication in the household trash, while the least common was to give to a friend or family member. Only 7.7% donated medications at a live take-back event, while 23.1% donated at a permanent disposal location. Students’ intentions for counting, locking, and disposing of medications varied. More students strongly disagreed than agreed that counting medications would become part of a two-week routine. More students disagreed than agreed with placing medications in a secure location, but results were more evenly dispersed relative to those for counting medications. Students generally agreed with disposing of expired or unused medications. Overall, this study suggests printed materials are a good way to reach college students for the Count It! Lock It! Drop It! initiative, that students do not commonly count or secure medications, and that students do not agree that counting or securing medications will be part of their standard routine.
36
Van, Duyn Lee B. "Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of a Metal-Matrix Dispersion Fuel for Plutonium Burning." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5303.
Full textAbstract:
Recent nuclear proliferation concerns and disarmament agreements have encouraged the U.S. to decrease the excess amount of weapons-grade and reactor-grade plutonium. Continued use of nuclear power without a permanent solution for waste disposition has also led to the need for a reliable method by which the waste products, specifically plutonium, can be utilized or destroyed. One possible solution to plutonium destruction is achieved by manufacturing it into small microspheres and embedding it within an inert metal matrix, then placing it inside a conventional nuclear reactor. This process would burn some of the plutonium while producing electricity. PuO2Zr dispersion fuel has been proposed for such a purpose. Prior to its use, however, this non-fertile metal matrix dispersion fuel must be shown to be mechanically stable in the reactor environment.
The internal mechanical interactions of dispersion fuel were modeled using finite element analysis. The results were used to assess the stability of PuO2Zr dispersion fuel inside a reactor. Several parameters, including fuel particle size, volumetric loading, temperature, and burnup, were varied to determine the maximum amount of plutonium that can be burned while maintaining fuel integrity. Earlier experiments using UO2 stainless steel dispersion fuels were used to validate the model and establish a failure criterion. The validated model was then used to determine the parameter space over which PuO2Zr dispersion fuel can be successfully used. These results show that PuO2Zr dispersion fuel is robust and may offer a reliable method for plutonium disposal in current reactors.
37
Habitzreuter, Anna Mei [Verfasser], Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Königstorfer, Jörg [Gutachter] Königstorfer, and Claas C. [Gutachter] Germelmann. "To Bin or Not to Bin? The Role of Perceived Consumer Effectiveness on Sustainable Disposal Behavior / Anna Mei Habitzreuter ; Gutachter: Jörg Königstorfer, Claas C. Germelmann ; Betreuer: Jörg Königstorfer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1175582735/34.
Full text
38
Stöhr, Katharina, and der Woude Jitske van. "Perceived Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Efficacy Concerning Textile Waste Prevention Among the Citizens of Malmö." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43645.
Full textAbstract:
The average Swede consumes 14 kilos of textiles every year and disposes of 10 kilos, of which 8 kilos end up in the household mixed waste. When disposed of in the household mixed waste, the textiles will be incinerated. Sweden has adopted the EU’s Extended Producer Responsibility policy as a national policy after which all Swedish provinces, as late as 2025, are obliged to collect and treat textile waste separately from other waste to make better use of it through processing for re- or downcycling instead of energy recovery through incineration. This puts waste management companies at risk of facing larger textiles waste masses than they may be able to handle. Hence, waste management companies must prepare for this imminent challenge by engaging the public, influencing them towards textile waste reduction. However, to engage (with) the public, these organizations must first learn about the citizens’ perceived knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy concerning textile waste reduction alongside the current barriers and enablers they experience regarding reducing consumption and correct disposal of textile waste. Qualitative data was gathered by employing a questionnaire and focus groups, and through thematic analysis, survey data from roughly 430 respondents and three focus groups were evaluated. Significant findings of this study were that citizens face substantial barriers such as lack of information and infrastructure, which leads them to resort to inappropriate disposal. While they are aware of their wrongdoings, they are, on the one hand, incapable of acting differently and, on the other hand, uninformed about waste prevention, generation, and disposal. However, they are open to education and collaboration with waste management companies. Furthermore, the study concludes that, while the individual has a significant role in implementing policies, a systems view must be employed not to overload the individual with responsibility.
39
Verrelli, D. I. "Drinking water treatment sludge production and dewaterabilityф." D. I. Verrelli, 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3521.
Full textAbstract:
The provision of clean drinking water typically involves treatment processes to remove contaminants. The conventional process involves coagulation with hydrolysing metal salts, typically of aluminium (‘alum’) or trivalent iron (‘ferric’). Along with the product water this also produces a waste by-product, or sludge. The fact of increasing sludge production — due to higher levels of treatment and greater volume of water supply — conflicts with modern demands for environmental best practice, leading to higher financial costs. A further issue is the significant quantity of water that is held up in the sludge, and wasted.One means of dealing with these problems is to dewater the sludge further. This reduces the volume of waste to be disposed of. The consistency is also improved (e.g. for the purpose of landfilling). And a significant amount of water can be recovered. The efficiency, and efficacy, of this process depends on the dewaterability of the sludge.In fact, good dewaterability is vital to the operation of conventional drinking water treatment plants (WTP’s). The usual process of separating the particulates, formed from a blend of contaminants and coagulated precipitate, relies on ‘clarification’ and ‘thickening’, which are essentially settling operations of solid–liquid separation.WTP operators — and researchers — do attempt to measure sludge dewaterability, but usually rely on empirical characterisation techniques that do not tell the full story and can even mislead. Understanding of the physical and chemical nature of the sludge is also surprisingly rudimentary, considering the long history of these processes.
The present work begins by reviewing the current state of knowledge on raw water and sludge composition, with special focus on solid aluminium and iron phases and on fractal aggregate structure. Next the theory of dewatering is examined, with the adopted phenomenological theory contrasted with empirical techniques and other theories.The foundation for subsequent analyses is laid by experimental work which establishes the solid phase density of WTP sludges. Additionally, alum sludges are found to contain pseudoböhmite, while 2-line ferrihydrite and goethite are identified in ferric sludges.
A key hypothesis is that dewaterability is partly determined by the treatment conditions. To investigate this, numerous WTP sludges were studied that had been generated under diverse conditions: some plant samples were obtained, and the remainder were generated in the laboratory (results were consistent). Dewaterability was characterised for each sludge in concentration ranges relevant to settling, centrifugation and filtration using models developed by LANDMAN and WHITE inter alia; it is expressed in terms of both equilibrium and kinetic parameters, py(φ) and R(φ) respectively.This work confirmed that dewaterability is significantly influenced by treatment conditions.The strongest correlations were observed when varying coagulation pH and coagulant dose. At high doses precipitated coagulant controls the sludge behaviour, and dewaterability is poor. Dewaterability deteriorates as pH is increased for high-dose alum sludges; other sludges are less sensitive to pH. These findings can be linked to the faster coagulation dynamics prevailing at high coagulant and alkali dose.Alum and ferric sludges in general had comparable dewaterabilities, and the characteristics of a magnesium sludge were similar too.Small effects on dewaterability were observed in response to variations in raw water organic content and shearing. Polymer flocculation and conditioning appeared mainly to affect dewaterability at low sludge concentrations. Ageing did not produce clear changes in dewaterability.Dense, compact particles are known to dewater better than ‘fluffy’ aggregates or flocs usually encountered in drinking water treatment. This explains the superior dewaterability of a sludge containing powdered activated carbon (PAC). Even greater improvements were observed following a cycle of sludge freezing and thawing for a wide range of WTP sludges.
Further aspects considered in the present work include deviations from simplifying assumptions that are usually made. Specifically: investigation of long-time dewatering behaviour, wall effects, non-isotropic stresses, and reversibility of dewatering (or ‘elasticity’).Several other results and conclusions, of both theoretical and experimental nature, are presented on topics of subsidiary or peripheral interest that are nonetheless important for establishing a reliable basis for research in this area.
This work has proposed links between industrial drinking water coagulation conditions, sludge dewaterability from settling to filtration, and the microstructure of the aggregates making up that sludge. This information can be used when considering the operation or design of a WTP in order to optimise sludge dewaterability, within the constraints of producing drinking water of acceptable quality.
40
Chaineau, Claude-Henri. "Devenir et effets des hydocarbures dans le cas de l'épandage extensif de déblais de forage en agrosystème." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL150N.
Full textAbstract:
Alors que l'épandage de déchets huileux à forte dose sur des sols non cultivés est utilisé pour éliminer les hydrocarbures, les épandages à faible dose sur les terres cultivées ont été peu envisagés. Aussi, des essais ont été conduits au laboratoire et au champ afin de suivre le devenir et les effets, dans le système sol-plante-microorganismes, d'hydrocarbures appliqués à faible dose sous la forme de déblais de forage. Ont été pris en compte la phytotoxicité, le transfert sol-plante, la biodégradation en absence et en présence de plante et l'infiltration des hydrocarbures. Les résultats des études en laboratoire montrent que les hydrocarbures perturbent la germination et la croissance des végétaux. La phytotoxicité dépend de la dose, du type de molécule et varie en fonction des espèces végétales. Aucun transfert d'hydrocarbures dans les parties aériennes du maïs n'est observé. Dans le sol, la majorité des hydrocarbures est dégradée et le résidu final de la biodégradation est constitué de molécules cycliques. En présence de plante, la dégradation est plus rapide et l'exsudation racinaire est un facteur important de stimulation de la dégradation des hydrocarbures dans la rhizosphère. Au champ, l'infiltration sélective des hydrocarbures légers et de certains métabolites dans le profil de sol et dans les eaux de drainage est observée. L’importance du phénomène dépend de la quantité et du type d'hydrocarbures et des conditions pédoclimatiques. L’épandage de déblais de forage en plein champ entraine une légère diminution du rendement des deux premières cultures. Aucun hydrocarbure pétrogénique n'est retrouvé dans les plantes. Dans ces conditions, la vitesse de disparition des hydrocarbures est proportionnelle à la dose d'épandage. Les alcanes linéaires, ramifiés et certains aromatiques sont dégradés alors que les composés cycliques persistent. L’apport de petites quantités de déblais de forage pourrait constituer une alternative au landfarming intensif des déchets huileux. Cependant, la présence de molécules mobiles et toxiques peut avoir des conséquences négatives sur l'agrosystème
41
Akinyemi, Segun Ajayi. "Geochemical and mineralogical evaluation of toxic contaminants mobility in weathered coal fly ash: as a case study, Tutuka dump site, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1226_1360593017.
Full textAbstract:
The management and disposal of huge volumes of coal combustion by products such as fly ash has constituted a major challenge to the environment. In most cases due to the inadequate alternative use of coal fly ash, the discarded waste is stored in holding ponds, slag heaps, or stock piled in ash dumps. This practice has raised concerns on the prospect of inorganic metals release to the surface and groundwater in the vicinity of the ash dump. Acceptable scientific studies are lacking to determine the best ash disposal practices. Moreover, knowledge about the mobility patterns of inorganic species as a function of mineralogical association or pH susceptibility of the dry disposed ash dump under natural weathering conditions are scarce in the literature. Fundamental understanding of chemical interactions of dry disposed ash with ingressed CO2 from atmosphere, percolating rain water and brine irrigation within ash disposal sites were seen as key areas requiring investigation. The mineralogical association of inorganic species in the dry disposed ash cores can be identified and quantified. This would provide a basis for understanding of chemical weathering, mineralogical transformations or mobility patterns of these inorganic species in the dry ash disposal scenario. The current study therefore aims to provide a comprehensive characterisation of weathered dry disposed ash cores, to reveal mobility patterns of chemical species as a function of depth and age of ash, with a view to assessing the potential environmental impacts. Fifty-nine samples were taken from 3 drilled cores obtained respectively from the 1 year, 8 year and 20-year-old sections of sequentially dumped,
weathered, dry disposed ash in an ash dump site at Tutuka - a South African coal burning power station. The core samples were characterized using standard analytical procedures viz: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) techniques, Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and Acid neutralisation capacity (ANC) test. A modified sequential extraction (SE) method was used in this study. The chemical partitioning, mobility and weathering patterns in 1 year, 8 year and 20-year-old sections of the ash dump were respectively investigated using this modified sequential extraction scheme. The sequence of the extractions was as follows: (1) water soluble, (2) exchangeable, (3) carbonate, (4) iron and manganese and (5) residual. The results obtained from the 5 steps sequential extraction scheme were validated with the total metal content of the original sample using mass balance method. The distribution of major and trace elements in the different liquid fractions obtained after each step of sequential extraction of the 59 drilled core samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The data generated for various ash core samples were explored for the systematic analysis of mineralogical transformation and change in ash chemistry with ageing of the ash. Furthermore, the data was analyzed to reveal the impact of ingressed CO2 from atmosphere, infiltrating rain water and brine irrigation on the chemistry of ash core samples. Major mineral phases in original ash core samples prior to extraction are quartz (SiO2) and mullite (3Al2O3·
2SiO2). Other minor mineral phases identified were hematite (Fe2O3), calcite (CaCO3), lime (CaO), anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), mica (Ca (Mg, Al)3 (Al3Si) O10 (OH)2), and enstatite (Mg2Si2O6). X-ray diffraction results show significant loss of crystallinity in the older ash cores. The presence of minor phases of calcite and mica in dry disposed ash cores are attributed to reduction in the pore water pH due to hydration, carbonation and pozzolanic reactions. The X-ray diffraction technique was unable to detect Fe-oxyhydroxide phase and morealuminosilicate phases in ash core samples due to their low abundance and amorphous character. X-ray fluorescence results of the original ash core samples showed the presence of major oxides, such as SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, while CaO, K2O, TiO2, Na2O, MnO, MgO, P2O5, and SO3 occur in minor concentrations. The ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 classified the original core samples prior to extraction as a silico-aluminate class F fly ash. The ternary plot of major elements in 1-year-old ash core samples was both sialic and ferrocalsialic but 8 year and 20-year-old ash core samples were sialic in chemical composition. It is noteworthy that the mass % of SiO2 varies through the depth of the core with an increase of nearly 3 %, to 58 mass % of SiO2 at a depth of 6 m in the 1-year-old core whereas in the case of the 8-year-old core a 2 % increase of SiO2 to a level of 57.5 mass % can be observed at levels between 4-8 m, showing dissolution of major components in the matrix of older ash cores.. The Na2O content of the Tutuka ash cores was low and varied between 0.6-1.1 mass % for 1-year-old ash cores to around 0.6-0.8 mass % for 8-year-old ash cores. Sodium levels were higher in 1-year-old ash cores compared to 8 year and 20-year-old ashcores. Observed trends indicate that quick weathering of the ash (within a year) leached out Na+ from the ash dump. No evidence of Na+ encapsulation even though the ash dump was brine irrigated. Thus the dry disposal ash placement method does not result in a sustainable salt sink for Na-containing species over time. The total content of each of the elements in 1 year and 20-year-old ash cores was normalised with their total content in fresh ash from same power station to show enrichment and depletion factor. Major elements such as K+, Mn showed enrichment in 1-year-old ash cores whereas Al, Si, Na+, Ti, Ca, Mg, S and Fe showed depletion due to over time erosion. Trace elements such as Cr, Sr, P, Ba, Pb, V and Zn showed enrichment but Ni, Y, Zr showed depletion attributed to over time erosion. In 20-year-old ash cores, major elements such as Al, Na+ and Mn showed enrichment while Si, K+, Fe, Mg and Ca showed depletion highlighting their mobility. Trends indicated intensive flushing of major soluble components such as buffering constituents (CaO) by percolating rain water. The 1-year-old and 20-year-old coal ash cores showed a lower pH and greater loss/depletion of the soluble buffering constituents than the 2-week-old placed ash, indicating significant chemical weathering within a year. Based
on ANC results the leaching behaviours of Ca, Mg, Na+, K+, Se, Cr, and Sr were found to be controlled by the pH of the leachant indicating high mobility of major soluble species in the ash cores when in contact with slightly acid rain water. Other investigated toxic metals such as As, Mo and Pb showed amphoteric behaviour with respect to the pH of the leachant. Chemical alterations and formation of transient minor secondary mineral phases was found to have a significant effect on the acid susceptibility and depletion pattern of chemical species in the core ash samples when compared to fresh ash. These ANC results correlated well with the data generated from the sequential extraction scheme. Based on sequential extraction results elements, showed noticeable mobility in the water soluble, exchangeable and carbonate fractions due to adsorption and desorption caused by variations in the pore water pH. In contrast, slight mobility of elements in the Fe and Mn, and residual fractions of dry disposed fly ashes are attributed to the co-precipitation and dissolution of minor amount of less soluble secondary phase overtime. The 1-year-old dry disposed ash cores were the least weathered among the 3 drilled ash cores. Therefore low concentration of toxic metals in older ash cores were ascribed to extensive weathering with slower release from residual mineral phases over time. Elements were found to associate with different mineral phases depending on the age or depth of the core samples showing greater heterogeneity in dispersion. For instance the average amount of total calcium in different mineral associations of 1-year-old ash cores is as follows
water soluble (10.2 %), exchangeable (37.04 %), carbonate (37.9 %), Fe and Mn (7.1 %) and residual (2.97 %). The amount of total Na+ in different mineral phases of 1-year-old ash cores followed this trend: water soluble (21 %), exchangeable (11.26 %), carbonate (2.6 %), Fe and Mn (4.7 %) and residual (53.9 %). The non-leachable portion of the total Na+ content (namely that contained in the residual fraction) in the 1-year-old ash core samples under conditions found in nature ranged between 5-91 %. This non-leachable portion of the Na+ showed the metastability of the mineral phases with which residual Na+ associates. Results showed older ash cores are enriched in toxic elements. Toxic elements such as As, B, Cr, Mo and Pb are enriched in the residual fraction of older ash cores. For instance As concentration in the residual fraction varied between 0.0003- 0.00043 mg kg-1 for 1-year-old ash cores to around 0.0003-0.0015 mg kg-1 for 20-year-old ash cores. This suggests that the older ash is enriched in toxic elements hence dust from the ash dump would be toxic to human health. The knowledge of mobility and ecotoxicological significance of coal fly ash is needed when considering its disposal or reuse in the environment. The mobility and ecotoxicology of inorganic metals in coal fly ash are determined by (i) mineralogical associations of inorganic species (ii) in-homogeneity in the ash dumps (iii) long and short term exposure to ingress CO2 and percolating rain water. Management issues such as inconsistent placement of ash in the dumps, poor choice of ash dump site, in-homogeneity in brine irrigation, no record of salt load put on the ash dumps and lack of proper monitoring requires improvement. The thesis provides justification for the use of the modified sequential extraction scheme as a predictive tool and could be employed in a similar research work. This thesis also proved that the dry ash disposal method was not environmental friendly in terms of overall leaching potential after significant chemical weathering. Moreover the study proved that the practice of brine co-disposal or irrigation on ash dumps is not sustainable as the ash dump did not act as a salt sink.
42
Godfrey, Linda Keren. "The role of waste data in changing behaviour : the case of the South African waste information system (SAWIS)." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8355.
Full textAbstract:
The South African waste information system (SAWIS) developed and implemented by the
Department of Environmental Affairs in 2006, provided a unique case study to explore the
research question “Can the collection of data for a national waste information system change
the way waste is managed in South Africa, such that there is a noticeable improvement?” The
research adopted an inductive approach, incrementally constructing a conceptual model of the
knowledgeable, situated waste actor, through observation and hypothesis-building and -testing.
The thesis draws on theory from the fields of environmental information disclosure, science
communication, environmental education, and environmental psychology, in an effort to
understand and contextualise the influence of waste data and knowledge on waste behaviour.
Two empirical studies were undertaken in 2006 and 2011. The studies explored whether
SAWIS could create opportunities beyond simply being a tool for data collection, by building
the waste knowledge of those persons tasked with the responsibility of collecting and reporting
the data. The thesis posited that this new knowledge could lead to changes in personal
behaviour and ultimately changes in the way organisations manage their waste. While Miller &
Morris’ (1999) theoretical framework of learning provided a useful means of interpreting the
2006 data, the results showed the theoretical framework to be overly simplistic for
understanding the role of waste data in a developing country context such as South Africa, in
that it did not account for all of the evidence gathered, particularly the existence of behavioural
and situational influences.
The preliminary theoretical framework was expanded in the 2011 empirical study by including
Ajzen’s (1985) theory of planned behaviour. Situated within a pragmatic paradigm, the
research adopted a mixed-methods research approach, making use of both quantitative and
qualitative methods. The results showed that of the three constructs of knowledge (experience,
data, and theory), experience currently has the greatest influence on building waste knowledge,
nearly twice that of data/information and three times that of theory. Together the three variables
(experience, data, and theory) account for 54.1% of the variance in waste knowledge.
Knowledge is shown to have a significant influence on all three of the antecedents to
behavioural intention – attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control.
Furthermore, perceived behavioural control, and not intention, has the greatest influence on
waste behaviour, with the model accounting for 53.7% of the variance in behaviour.
Respondents from public and private waste organisations represent two distinct sub-groups in
the data set, subject to significantly different influences and behaviours, creating two local
models. The theoretical framework accounts for 47.8% of the variance in behaviour in the
municipal local model, and 57.6% of the variance in behaviour in the private local model. By
applying the combined learning-behaviour theories, the results showed that there are only three
regressors that currently have a significant effect on waste behaviour, viz experience, knowledge
and perceived behavioural control.
Two important conclusions were reached by combining the learning-behaviour theories. First,
that there are obstacles that hinder the translation of intention into behaviour in the South
African context, which suggests that good waste management practice is not always under the
volitional control of those tasked with its implementation. Second, that there are significant
differences in the way waste knowledge and behaviour are constructed, which suggest that there
are underlying social forces that shape waste behaviour and that these forces may be different in
public and private waste organisations. Recognising the influence of both societal structures
and agency, the theoretical framework was further expanded by embedding the two linear
learning-behaviour theories within Giddens’ (1984) theory of structuration.
The conceptual model of the knowledgeable, situated actor developed through this research,
provides a means of understanding these barriers to action and the societal context within which
waste management takes place in South Africa. From the results it is clear that a tension exists
between the national neo-liberal, capitalist economic structures which support a pro-growth
paradigm, and the political structures which support a pro-poor social paradigm. Furthermore,
this tension plays out within a country undergoing political and organisational transformation
post-1994. These structures directly influence the way waste is managed. This research
proposes that by understanding the way in which knowledge and behaviour are constructed, and
the societal context within which this takes place, it is possible to identify practical interventions that will lead to an improvement in the way waste is managed in South Africa.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
43
Chauque, Eutilério Felizardo Crisino. "Monitoring of physico-chemical parameters and the behaviour of zinc oxide nanoparticles in a simulated wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11321.
Full textAbstract:
M.Sc. (Chemistry)In this study the stability as well as the fate and behavior of ZnO engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in municipal wastewater systems were investigated. The first part of the study examined the influence of pH and ionic strength on the stability of ZnO ENPs in domestic wastewater to elucidate the dynamic changes on the ENPs physicochemical characteristics (e.g. aggregation or dissolution). The ZnO ENPs obtained commercially were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), BET surface area determination, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Results derived from inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for zinc analysis indicated a decrease on the released zinc concentration from wastewater as the pH and ionic strength increased. Conversely, an increase on zinc concentration from the sludge was observed. The findings suggest the removal of ZnO ENPs from the influent wastewater as the sludge settled out, and the removal efficiency was directly proportional to ionic strength and pH. In addition, the ZnO ENPs suspension in the wastewater was used to monitor the particle size distribution using the dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS). The formation of agglomerates was observed which the TEM and EDS analysis confirmed to be ZnO aggregates. The distribution of zinc in the sludge was investigated using XRD analysis and the findings indicated partial sedimentation of ZnO ENPs as the sludge settled out. The second part of the study assessed the fate and behavior of ZnO ENPs in wastewater treatment systems. This study was carried out in a simulated activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (AS WWTP), constructed in accordance to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD 303 A) guidelines. Results from the ICP-OES analysis for zinc indicated 50 – 200 μgL-1 and about 3 000 mgkg-1 were released into the effluent and sludge, respectively, after spiking the influent wastewater with 5 mgL-1 ZnO ENPs. Moreover, we noted that increasing the ZnO ENPs concentration up to 20 mgL-1 resulted in a linear increase in the zinc releases into effluent wastewater. However, the increase was insignificant in comparison to the zinc found in the control unit. Therefore, the findings indicated that ZnO ENPs had stronger affinity for the suspended bio-solids during wastewater treatment, and postulated that the ENPs removal from the influent wastewater was due to bio-sorption, and bio-solid settling mechanisms. These were confirmed by results from XRD and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) analysis of the sludge as they showed the presence of ZnO in the sludge. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were concurrently monitored during the ENPs exposure studies to indirectly assess the ZnO ENPs impact to the bacterial degradation of the organic matter. An average of 43 and 91 % for DOC and COD removal efficiencies, respectively, were observed throughout the study. Overall, from results obtained indicated the suitability of the OECD 303 A method to assess the fate and behavior of ZnO ENPs in WWTPs. Secondly, in light of low concentrations of ZnO ENPs found in the treated effluent due to their removal with the waste activated sludge (WAS), suggest low likelihood of ZnO ENPs release and dispersion into the aquatic systems from WWTPs as point sources. Finally, the elevated concentrations of ZnO ENPs in the sludge therefore necessitates additional treatment steps to ensure mitigation of possible dispersion of ENPs from various disposal mechanisms such as landfilling, incineration, and agricultural applications.
44
McKnight-Yeates, Lisa. "Out Of Sight, Out Of Mind: What Influences Our Perception of Waste and Activates Our Intention to Live More Sustainably?" 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10170/135.
Full textAbstract:
Landfills in British Columbia are reaching capacity; this has sparked renewed efforts to curb the
output of household waste. Extending previous quantitative studies, I use a qualitative grounded
theory approach to explore what influences the perception of waste and activates the intention to
recycle and compost. Participants from Ucluelet, British Columbia, accumulated their refuse,
recyclables, and compost during a four week period; simultaneously, I interviewed them about
the meanings and feelings they associated with the process. My results suggest that participants
attitudes about waste are strongly influenced by what they see. Because garbage is regularly
hauled away and dumped out of sight, participants were relatively unaware of how much they
produce and its environmental impact. Increasing awareness appears to be a key factor in
changing waste diversion intentions; incorporating small pro-environmental changes may lead to
further changes. This reaffirms previous findings that adopting one environmental behaviour can
empower further change.
45
Dube, Innocent. "Assessment of waste management practices in the informal business sector in Olievenhoutbosch township, Pretoria." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23265.
Full textAbstract:
The increase in global population and high urbanisation rates characterised by high
resource consumption and waste generation levels has led to challenges in waste
management around the world. Waste management remains one of the most critical
challenges faced by local governments in developing countries. Informal business
enterprises have come under the spotlight for their high waste production and poor waste
management practices. Many arguments have been put forward as to the real
environmental impacts caused by informal business enterprises due to their waste
practices.
This research aimed at assessing the waste management practices in the informal
business sector in Olievenhoutbosch Township, Pretoria. Data collection was carried out
between March 2016 and September 2016. The research utilised both qualitative and
quantitative methods. The methodology employed techniques that included structured
questionnaires, structured interviews and field observations. Semi- structured face to face
interviews were carried out with key informants. These interviews provided information
on the frequency of waste collection, available waste management awareness and
challenges faced in delivering the service. The research also involved 230 field
observations to study the pattern and frequency of waste collection and waste behaviours
by informal business enterprises. Questionnaires were administered to 120 informal
business enterprises with a response rate of 84.17%. Data from questionnaires and field
observations indicated that waste generated by informal business enterprises (plastic
bags, card board, packaging plastics, glass bottles and plastic bottles) was mainly
recyclable waste. The most preferred disposal methods were use of refuse plastic bags
(31%), open space dumping (20%) and burning (30%).
Analysis of the results showed that there was lack of information on waste management
and that also influenced waste behaviours. Preferences for waste disposal methods were
influenced by many factors including lack of information, shortage of waste disposal
facilities and waste collection frequency by the local town council. The research found
that waste collection in various sections of the township was done once per week which
has led to increased indiscriminate waste dumping and burning of waste. It was
recommended that waste management information be provided to informal business
enterprises especially on waste separation and recycling. The municipality should
increase frequency of waste collection or provide central point waste facilities to business
operators.Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Science)
46
Mien, Lien, and 連綿. "The Association between Auditing Policy of Recycling, Clearance and Disposal Fee and Evasion Behavior." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72795838402525803263.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
會計學系
101
Environmental Protection Adminstration（EPA）to promote waste source minimization and resource recycling system for responsible enterprises who manufacture or importation with goods or containers, and resulting in serious environmental pollution, that will be collected reclcying, clearance and disposal fees. Now the EPA give CPA firm powerful to auditing the responsible enterprises what recycling, clearance and disposal fees . Auditing reclcying, clearance and disposal fees, that it’s according with the Administrative Procedure Act of Article 131, what viewing the CPA firm to execute auditing procedure within five years in each responsible enterprises. However, it is actually has 113 responsible enterprises never been audited with CPA firm.Using Tobit model to investigate the auditing procedure in recycling, clearance and disposal fees and evasion behavior relationships. The auditing procedure which it were separate two types, the one is a continuous period who was be audited, and the other is discontinuously times who was be audited. There are some interesting findings from this study. First, it will detecting since the responsible enterprise had longer auditing period or more auditing times that the evasion behavior is more serious than shorter period or less times in the auditing period from 1999 to 2011. Second when the responsible enterprise has reported more recycling, clearance and disposal fees and debt ration、lower quick ration、reported category is container and north area, that these are more serious evasion behavior. Besides, construction sector or transportation and warehousing has less evasion behavior than manufacturing sector. The finding of this study that it’s could be without the penalty in the illegal responsible enterprise lead to arrogant evasion behavior of reported recycling, clearance and disposal fees. So, this study suggest EPA in next term of auditing that the debt ratio、quick ratio、register area、industry and so on has to audit priority.
47
Tsai, Wwi-lin, and 蔡衛霖. "Thermo-Mechanical Behaviors of Near Field Rocks on The Geological Disposal for Nuclear Waste." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22424731522498455351.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
資源工程學系碩博士班
95
Because of inherent radioactivity, the spent nuclear fuel would threaten our environment and the biosphere. We must take steps to permanently exclude the spent nuclear fuel away from our activity environment in order to avoid any possible danger. The method of deep geological disposal is regarded by the leading countries of the advanced technology in nuclear as the most stable and safe method. This research is based upon the idea of deep geological disposal proposed by the Swedish research groups. This thesis considered many factors, including the thermal and mechanical properties of the bentonite and backfill. By using the numerical analysis package, FLAC3D, this thesis attempted to analyze the distributions of the temperature and mechanical fields of the geological repository disturbed by waste canisters. Several scenarios are taken into account: a single storage hole of different initial temperatures, and two-storage-hole and two-tunnel of different distances. This thesis suggests that the appropriate distances between canisters are 6~8m and those from tunnel to tunnel are 25m under the conditions of initial temperature 26∼28℃ and 500m in-situ in Taiwan crystalline bedrock. Through stress analysis, this study shows that the tensile regions are the most critical ones where should be reinforced to ensure the capability of isolation of the disposal site.
48
HUA, TSENG SHU, and 曾恕華. "A Study of the disposal strategies using by elementary school teachers in KeeLung of bullying behavior." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77131595163931809673.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立花蓮教育大學
學校行政碩士學位班
95
A Study of the disposal strategies using by elementary school teachers in KeeLung of bullying behavior Abstract This study aims at probing analysis the sixth graders bullying behavior and the disposal strategies of their teachers. Begin on a frame of campus violence ,and based on the result from yi ling Wang(1995), chun jin Xu, wen yen Xie , wen yong Zhon(1996), yu chan Li(1996), Curwin and Mendler(1997), pei li Wu(2000),will focus on the strategies of teachers how to deal with their students bullying behavior. Literature review, Delphi, and interviews were employed in this study. The samples were 312 sixth graders elementary school students in KeeLung. The collected data were analyzed by using the following statistical procedures: Descriptive statistics, T-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The main finding were as follows： 1. The elementary school students in KeeLung had bullying behavior far and wide. But bullying order of severity to be medium, still not extremely was serious. 2. There is a significant difference between the students of different background teachers, but no difference between the management orientations. 3. Most teachers in Keelung using the teacher control to deal with their students bullying behavior, the counseling strategy Second, the self-control strategy third, adopts the request assistance strategy to be least. 4. There is a significant difference between the disposal strategies of different background teachers. 5. There is a significant difference between the disposal strategies teachers used of different bullying behavior. The findings showed the state of students bullying and the disposal strategies of the teachers, then exploring the relationship between all kinds of bullying behavior and the disposal strategies, and some concrete suggestions of campus violence in elementary schools were proposed at the end of this study Keywords：Bullying ,Campus Violence , Delphi
49
Tu, Li-Feng, and 凃麗鳳. "The Study of Garbage Disposal Behavior and Environmental Attitude on Elementary School Children-- Case of Beidou Elementary School, Changhua County." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sm9bpm.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
工學院碩士在職專班
99
In this study the investigations on students’ environmental attitude and their garbage disposal behavior in Beidou Elementary School, Changhua County were carried out. There are four major factors concerned and analyzed, which are students’ grade, sex, and the experience of recycling volunteers or other types of volunteers. A questionnaire survey was designed and conducted for all the students from the third grade to sixth grade. A response return rate of 100% with 540 effective questionnaires is well-done. The results are shown as following: 1. Grade: The students of third and fourth grades are more concerned about the environment than those students of fifth and sixth grades. No obvious difference for garbage disposal behavior within those students of all grades. 2. Sex: female students are more concerned about the environment than male ones. So as the results for recycling. 3. For those students as recycling volunteers themselves or their family members as recycling volunteers their environmental attitude is better than those students who are not recycling volunteers themselves and neither are their family members. 4. No obvious difference for environmental attitude between those students with or without experience of other types of volunteer. Nevertheless, those students with experience of other types of volunteer can do better in garbage disposal behavior. 5. The more students concerning to care about the environment, the better they do their recycling work. 6. The results of semi-structural questionnaire survey show why recycling is poorly done. The major reason is that students think recycling is some kind of troublesome business. The second reason is that they have no motivation to do recycling and they also don’t know how to do it. The third reason is that they have trouble finding recycling bins outside the school. At last, based on the findings in this research, some suggestions would be useful for practice of environmental attitude and garbage disposal behavior, so as future related research.
50
CHEN, MING-CHIN, and 陳明進. "Research on Behavior Responsibility of Article 27 of the Waste Disposal Act — Focus on the Cases of the Administrative Appeals." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v7nmt4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄大學
政治法律學系碩士班
106
Abstract The constitution is an abstract administrative law. Administrative law is a specific constitution. However, no matter how specific the administrative law is, the administrative law will still create "loopholes" and will not be followed. Therefore, in the light of the changes of the times and the practical and academic consideration, there is a need for a timely revision of the law. Administrative law involves a wide range which birth, senility, illness and death are included, that is, people from birth to death in the process of administrative law has a very close relationship. In highly developed countries, people's right to be free from environmental pollution has become one of the most sought-after rights. Therefore, "environmental protection" has become a worldwide trend and all governments are moving toward "green countries", and that is one of the important policy guidelines. In addition, environmental legislation has not only made great strides in quantity, but also continuously improved itself in quality. It has also become the primary task of all countries and the consensuses of the community. The Waste Disposal Act was promulgated on July 26, 1974 and has been amended several times. The current version of the law was amended and promulgated on June 14, 2017, with a total of 77 articles. The provisions of Article 27 of the Act are about "behavior responsibility" (behavioral punishment), and the object of punishment should be the actual ones. The provisions have relavant theoretical support but in practice there are many doubts. In particular, the administrative sanctions according to the above regulations were revoked because of the reasons such as "gender incompatibility", "age discrepancy", "appearance discrepancy", "legal person (juridical person)", "alibi", and so on. And that kind of revocation has become an aging difficult issue and hidden worry. “The people shall have the right of presenting petitions, lodging complaints, or instituting legal proceedings.” Article 16 of Constitution of the Republic of China (Taiwan) expressly stated. If the people are dissatisfied with the administrative sanctions they have suffered, they may file their appeals in accordance with Paragraph 1 of Article 1 of the Administrative Appeal Act: " Anyone who’s right or interest was unlawfully or improperly injured by a center or local government agency’s administrative action is entitled to file an administrative appeal according to this Act, provided that other Acts stipulated otherwise." and article 14, paragraph 1:"An administrative appeal shall be filed within 30 days since one day after the date which administrative action is served or the expiration date of its publication period." Therefore, in order to seek a balance mechanism and solutions under the conflict between public welfare and people's relief rights and interests, this article explores the substantive and theoretical controversy about "behavior responsibility" in Article 27 of the Waste Disposal Act. The main areas include the Administrative Procedure Act, the Administrative Penalty Act, the Administrative Appeal Act, and so forth. Through the research of related literatures, cases and interviews, this article hopes to find solutions and provide suggestions for the insufficiency of current acts, laws and regulations, and the plight of practical operation. Keywords: Waste Disposal Act, behavioral punishment, behavior responsibility (the responsibility that arises from the obligor's Conduct), state responsibility (the responsibility that arises from the condition of the property), burden of proof, duty of cooperation (cooperative obligation), joint liability.