Relevant bibliographies by topics / Disposal and purification

Academic literature on the topic 'Disposal and purification'

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Published: 25 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Disposal and purification"

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Yang, You Ping, and Hui Hui Weng. "An Underground Pollution of Water Purification Processing Equipment Develop." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1372.

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The development of a kind of subsurface sewage disposal device is to develop a subsurface sewage disposal device which uses physical filtration to improve water quality of some specific area. This device mainly consists of a pressure dissolved air vessel, purification filtrating equipment and a system controller. This device also uses modern control technology to make the water quality meet the requirement of the standard of domestic water and satisfy peoples demand for water by controlling the pressure and flow of water strictly and separate impurities and harmful substances from the sewage.
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Lu, Min, Zhen Guo, and Dong He Li. "Purification Efficiency of Several Constructed Wetland Plants in COD Disposal in Domestic Sewage." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2690.

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The research on the species selection of constructed wetland plants and the purification effects of the plants is crucial in ecological wastewater treatment technology. This paper studies the purification effects of different residence time of sewage water, different constructed wetland plants and their synergistic effect on COD disposal in domestic sewage. The results indicate that the best plant combination in purifying COD is that of Phragmites communis, Typha orientalis and Canna generalis, followed by that of Phragmites communis, Arundo donax and Canna generalis. The best plant species in purifying COD is Typha orientalis, followed by Phragmites communis.
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MATSUFUJI, Yasushi. "Biomonitaring of Waste Disposal Site. Purification Mechanism by Activated Cover Soil and New Waste Disposal System." Waste Management Research 6, no. 4 (1995): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.6.278.

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Voloshchuk, Vasyl, Volodymyr Ivanov, Lyudmyla Zasukha, and Andriy Onyshchenko. "Improvement of the technology of disposal of pig waste products at the industrial complex." Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest, no. 77-78 (December 15, 2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2022-77-78-07.

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The aim. To determine the degree of completeness of air purification and the suitability of the developed experimental samples of the chamber for its use to reduce the content of polluting gases during the removal of air from the premises of the industrial complex. Methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the pig farm of Agroprime Holding LLC of the Odesa region. The determination of the level of methyl mercaptan (mg/m3) in air emissions outside the premises was carried out using a portable gas analyzer Dräger X-am 5600. The determination of the level of ammonia (mg/m3), hydrogen sulfide (mg/m3) was carried out using a portable multi-component gas analyzer ANKAT - 7664 Micro. The measurement of the content of polluting gases in the air before and after passing the air through the purification chamber was carried out in the pig fattening shop of the pig complex. The concentration level of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide was recorded using a certified and certified device: a multicomponent individual alarm-analyzer of gases "DOZOR-S-M". The results. It was established that the level of hydrogen sulfide in the air of the room at a height of 0.5 m from the floor was 3.34 mg/m3, above the manure bath – 9.72, at the entrance to the upper filter from below - 2.46, at the entrance to the upper filter from the side – 3.03, at the exit from the air exchange shafts on the roof – 2.83, and at the entrance to the side filter – 5.66 mg/m3. The level of ammonia at a height of 0.5 m from the floor was 1.84 mg/m3, above the manure bath – 5.28, at the entrance to the upper filter from below – 1.34, at the entrance to the upper filter from the side – 1.64, at the exit from the air exchange ventilation shaft on the roof – 1.54, at the entrance to the side filter – 3.08 mg/m3. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia were not detected at the exit from the ventilation ducts, where air purification chambers were installed. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that, during the tests, the air contaminated with foul-smelling gases, after passing through the purification chamber, was completely freed from gases, and the presence of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide was not detected either by apparatus or organoleptically. Purification of polluted indoor air with the help of a developed chamber makes it possible to completely remove ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, it is possible to ventilate the premises without polluting the environment. Key words: pig complex, pig farm, air pollution, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, air purification, ecological state of the environment
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Snitko, Anastasia, Gennadii Kochetov, Dmitry Samchenko, Oles Lastivka, Vyacheslav Meget, and Dmytro Derecha. "Disposal of used nanosorbents obtained during wastewater purification from Ni2+ ions in powder paint materials." Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, no. 41 (December 9, 2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2022.41.76-83.

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The prospects of increasing the level of environmental safety of industrial enterprises as a result of the implementation of the latest sorption technologies for wastewater treatment are considered. An analysis of the effectiveness of the existing methods of sorption water purification, which contain compounds of heavy metals, was carried out. Highly effective magnetic sorbents were obtained by electroerosion dispersion, which contains polyvalent iron oxides. The effect of the method of introducing the sorbent into wastewater on the degree of its purification was investigated. The most effective results in water purification were achieved with the use of freshly obtained powder of electroerosion dispersion of iron in water in the form of a suspension, which allows to achieve a high degree of water purification from zinc ions - more than 99%. Such water meets the standards for washing parts in galvanic production with regard to the content of nickel ions. The expediency of recycling spent nano-sorbents in the composition of powder paint and varnish materials is shown. When a coating chemically stable in water treatment waste, which has ferromagnetic properties, is included in the composition, in quantity15% by weight high corrosion resistance of the coating is ensured and shielding of electromagnetic radiation increases approximately 3 times compared to the standard sample. The use of research results at enterprises will prevent environmental pollution with toxic substances, change outdated production technologies, ensure efficient and rational use of water, raw materials and energy in the industrial production system.
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Lu, Min, Fei Fei Pei, Xiu Kui Song, and Zhen Guo. "Study on the Purification Effects of Constructed Wetland Plants in TP Disposal in Living Wastewater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 137 (October 2011): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.137.357.

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The study on the species selection of constructed wetland plants and the purification effects of the constructed wetland plants is the key to ecological wastewater treatment technology. The purification effects of different residence time of wastewater, different constructed wetland plants and their synergistic effect are studied in TP disposal in living wastewater. The results show that the best plant combination in purifying TP is that of Arundo donax, Typha orientalis and Canna generalis, followed by that of Phragmites communis, Arundo donax and Canna generalis. The best plant species in purifying TP is Canna generalis, followed by Arundo donax.
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Babadzhanova, O., D. Voytovych, and M. Lavrivskiy. "REDUCING THE DANGER OF WASTE DISPOSAL TO FILTERING STATIONS." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety, no. 18 (December 31, 2018): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.18.2018.12.

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Formulation of the problem. In recent years there has been a decline in the quality of water, both surface and underground sources, involved in the system of centralized water supply. The majority of river basins according to the hygienic classification of water objects according to the degree of pollution can be attributed to contaminated and highly contaminated.This causes the need to increase the role of water treatment facilities and the need to find ways to improve the efficiency of cleaning polluted water. For water purification, mechanical, chemical, physical and biological methods of treatment are used.Among the chemical methods of water treatment, now the most application is the method of chlorination. The main disadvantage of using liquefied chlorine for chlorination is the increased risk of poisoning of the staff of the water treatment plants and in the case of an accident – inhabitants adjacent to these stations of settlements.Presenting main material.Business facilities that use hazardous chemicals (such as chlorine) are potential sources of man-made hazard. Companies that carry out chlorination of water, carry additional costs for object protection, an automated notification system, equipment for the elimination of emissions, special ventilation systems, special systems for storing and neutralizing damaged containers with chlorine.Recently, various modern methods of decontamination have been used to decontaminate drinking water and to reduce the risk. The use of sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant reagent, which is obtained at the site of application by electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions, is one of the most promising methods of decontamination. While retaining all the benefits of chlorination with the use of liquid chlorine, the use of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite avoids the basic complexity associated with the transportation and storage of toxic gas, in addition, to eliminate the constant dependence on the plants supplying liquid chlorine.The analysis of hazards and accidents statistics at water treatment enterprises showed that the greatest percentage of emergency situations occurs during the loading / unloading operations of the substance-cleaner, therefore it is expedient to obtain sodium hypochlorite at the place of use.In order to substantiate the possibility and promise of a more safe method of water purification from the point of view of the technogenic hazard of a method of purification of water, a certain treatment station – «Artemivsk filtering station», located on the outskirts of the city of Bakhmut, was selected.It has been estimated that the depressurization of the chlorine container at the «Artemivsk filtration station» can create a 4.8 km depth zone that will cover part of the city, and if the sodium hypochlorite is applied to the filter station, the depth of the chemical pollution zone decreases to 0.2 km.Conclusions.Safe operation of chemical hazardous objects, which are filtering stations, can be provided under normal and emergency conditions by alternative, safer, disinfection water reagents. While retaining all the benefits of chlorination with the use of liquid chlorine, the use of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite avoids the basic complexity associated with the transport and storage of toxic gas and reduce the danger to the population. Water purification with sodium hypochlorite instead of chlorine has the following advantages: safe storage and transportation, ease of dispensing, long-term disinfection effect, an absence of a threat of a technogenic accident and the exclusion of negative impact on the health of the city's residents.
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Pourjavaheri, Firoozeh, Farzad Mohaddes, Robert A. Shanks, Michael Czajka, and Arun Gupta. "Effects of Different Purification Methods on Chicken Feather Keratin." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1184.

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Every year billion kilograms of unused feathers result from the poultry industry worldwide, which in effect impose a difficult disposal process to the environment. Chicken feathers are considered as a valuable and renewable keratin protein source, which could be used advantageously in a number of applications as alternatives to feather meal and feather disposal. Although the potential applications of keratin derived from chicken feathers have been investigated, the initial purification phase has not been fully described in the literature. Original chicken feathers contain many biological organisms along with other contaminants after plucking. Unprocessed chicken feathers are considered as potentially hazardous biological materials due to the presence of blood borne pathogens; therefore, the decontamination process is very important. The purpose of this work is to compare the effects of different purification techniques on chicken feathers prior to keratin isolation. These processes include surfactant washing, soxhlet extraction with ethanol, ozone, and sodium chlorite solutions. Thermogravimetric analysis, vibrational spectroscopy, and wide angle X-ray scattering were used to characterise the purified feathers prior to keratin extraction.
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Araújo, Rian Felipe de Melo, Lécia Maria da Silva Freire, and Lívio César Cunha Nunes. "Application of Palygorskite in Purification Process of Frying Oil." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.773.

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The Brazil produces a million tons of waste oils from frying, annually. Disposal of these usually is done improperly, resulting in serious environmental problems. In this context, the objective was to develop a method for purification of oils used in frying, using palygorskite as an cleansing agent. For this, acid activation and characterization of palygorskite was realized. So, were developed a method for purification of oil, using 23 factorial design as a tool for process optimization. Subsequently, was realized the physicochemical characterization of oils by transesterification followed by GC-MS. The results revealed a significant increase in the adsorption of the clay after acid activation process, while tests of purification of frying oil showed effective improvement of their characteristics, highlighting the disappearance of the smell of rancid oil and bleaching. The results showed that the purification method used was efficient.
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MAMMADLI RASHAD SHOHRAT OGLI, MAMMADLI RASHAD SHOHRAT OGLI. "OPTIMIZATION OF REMEDIATION OF WATER AND AIR MEDIUM CONTAMINATED WITH POLYCHLOROBIPHENYL." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 4 (2021): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-4-106-109.

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The article is devoted to measures for the purification of water and air medium from polychlorinated biphenyl wastes by the method of UV radiation and NiO2 nanoparticles, on PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl) constituting groundwater in PCB waste disposal areas, the possibility of neutralizing PCBs in the atmosphere in industrialized areas. A method for the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl contained in waste and industrial waters, as well as in atmospheric air, has been proposed. Air purification is carried out with ultraviolet and microwave radiation, and ultraviolet radiation and TiO2 nanoparticles are used for water purification. Based on the analysis performed,the problem of optimizing the purification of groundwater and atmospheric air contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls has been formulated and solved. An expression is proposed for the dependence of the cleaning time on the distance to the place of initial environmental pollution.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Disposal and purification"

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Zapf-Gilje, Reidar. "Treatment and disposal of secondary sewage effluent through snowmaking." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26034.

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When secondary sewage effluent is converted to snow, the nutrients and residual organics become concentrated in the early meltwater discharge through melt-freeze processes within the snow-pack. The early season melt comes off relatively slowly. Providing the soil can absorb the early melt, the bulk of the nutrients will be removed even if later season melt rates exceeds the soil's infil-trability. This could provide an inexpensive method for nutrient removal from secondary sewage effluents. Laboratory experiments showed that the degree of impurity concentration was largely independent of the number of diurnal melt-freeze cycles, snow depth, snow temperature and initial concentration of impurity in the snow. As a result, the removal of impurities from a snowpack can be expressed in terms of the cumulative melt discharge. A simple exponential decay process was found to describe the impurity removal well for most cases. The first 20% of the melt removed, on the average, 65% of the phosphorus and 86% of the nitrogen from snow made from sewage effluent; and 92% of the potassium chloride from snow made from potassium chloride solution. Stripping of ammonia during snow production and melting increased the overall nitrogen removal to about 90%. A field investigation of salt movement through a natural snowpack confirmed the laboratory results.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Chung, King Chuen. "Biological processes involved in two wetland plants and their associated bacteria for the treatment of municipal wastewaters." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1005.

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Degen, Marcia J. "Denitrification in low pressure distribution onsite wastewater disposal systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29272.

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Mbulawa, Siyasanga. "Bio-delipidation of pre-treated poultry slaughterhouse wastewater by enzymes from the wastewater isolates." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2743.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Pre-treatment of wastewater such as that from poultry slaughterhouses, which contains fats, oil,and grease (FOG) is necessary prior to the primary biological treatment of the wastewater to meet legislated discharge standards and to prevent environmental pollution. Physico- chemical pre-treatment is often applied to remove FOG in poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) before biological treatment. These pre-treatment methods, in particular physical pre- treatment systems, use synthetic chemicals, known to cause environmental contamination challenges, with FOG being inefficiently removed in certain instances. Biological techniques such as bio-delipidation using enzymatic catalysis for the pre-treatment of FOG-laden PSW could enhance the efficiency of the downstream biological treatment processes. This research focused on further bio-delipidation of PSW pre-treated with a dissolved air flotation system (DAF) for FOG removal using microbial lipases from bacterial strains isolated from the PSW itself. Bacterial strains (n = 2) isolated from the PSW and screened for their potential to produce lipases were found to have a higher bio-delipidation potential when compared to other isolates (n = 18). Both isolates were identified using 16s rRNA as Bacillus sp., i.e. both Bacillus cereus AB1 (BF3) and CC-1 (B3O). These isolates were used to produce lipases, whereby are sponse surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise pH (4-8) and temperature (30-60°C) as critical production conditions. achieving an optimum lipase production was achieved, with activity of 11.25 U/mL at 60°C, a pH of8 for BF3, and 15.50U/mL at 45°C and pH of 8.8 for B3O respectively, after 72 hours of bioreactor operation. The enzymes produced from both isolates were partially purified using a Bio-Rad size exclusion chromatography column (Bio-Gel® P-60) prior to use in subsequent experiments. The presence and activity of lipase were further determined using p-nitrophenyl acetate (p- NPA) as a substrate with the functionality of the semi-purified enzymes being characterized by optimizing the conditions in which the enzymes were required to function. Lipase activity was enhanced by Mg2+ while Fe2+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ were observed to have an inhibitory effect on the enzymes from both strains. Similarly, reduced stability of the lipases in organic solvents, namely toluene, methanol, and isopropanol, was also established. Additionally, detergents, Triclosan (TCS) (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy-phenol) and trichlorocarbonilide (3,4,4- trichlorocarbonilide)(TCC), usually found in PSW as antimicrobial and disinfectant agents to sanitise poultry product processing facilities, were used assess the activity of the enzyme in their presence at a concentration of 30% (v/v) (although these anti- microbial agents are used in minute quantities in cleaning products). The lipases from isolate BF3 maintained an activity of 91.43% and 81.36% in the presence of TCS and TCC, while that of B3O enzyme had 85.32% and 73.91% acitivity, when compared to the reference (control) experiments. The bio-delipidation efficacy was studied under varying pH and temperature conditions using DAF pre-treated PSW, observing a further removal efficiency of fatty acids from the protein- laden PSW at different pH and temperature. Bio-delipidation was found to be largely influenced by pH, as a pH below 7 and above 10 at 40°-45°C, calculated in the bio- delipidation efficiency reduction to below 50%. The temperature range mentioned, i.e 40°- 45°C, had a positive effect on further deffating of the protein-rich DAF pre-treated PSW, as high removal efficiency was observed at this temperature range. This could be due to the characteristic of the enzymes used,or the formation of stable FOG agglomerates and/oremulsion. Overall, a DAF effluent containing residual FOG and proteins was bio-delipidated effectively using enzymes from the PSW isolates, achieving further removal of FOG and proteins by 64.35% to 80.42%, culminating in tCOD reduction and reduced PSW turbidity, further resulting in improved wastewater quality characteristics meeting disposal standards. This study demonstrated that sequential DAF pre-treated PSW bio-delipidation has the potential to enhance the efficiency of downstream biological anaerobic treatment processes for PSW by further reducing residual FOG from a DAF system.
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凌偉忠 and Wai-chung Jackson Ling. "Biological nutrient removal in sequencing batch reactors using fibrouspacking medium." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31213388.

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Yin, Qingqing. "Transporting and Disposing of Wastewater from North Dakota Oil Producers." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26541.

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North Dakota?s oil boom is aided by a new technology, fracking. But this technology implies large amounts of wastewater. The methods of dealing with this wastewater are now an issue. Currently, North Dakota locks it into deep injection wells in the Bakken formation. With the development of membrane technologies to treat wastewater, it may be feasible to treat the wastewater and reuse it. This study uses a mathematical programming model to minimize the total cost of dealing with wastewater using three methods - deep well injection, on-site treatment, and off-site treatment. The model results show it is cost-effective to use on-site and large capacity off-site treatment to treat the 20% of the wastewater that flows back within the first 30-60 days after a well is drilled.
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Du, Plessis Sydney Charles. "Investigation of process parameters and development of a mathematical model for the purposes of control design and implementation for a wastewater treatment process." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1194.

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Thesis (DTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009
The problem for effective and optimal control of wastewater treabnent plants is very important recently because of the increased requirements to the qualitY of the effluent The activated sludge process is a type of wastewater process characterized with complex dynamics and because of this proper control design and implementation strategies are necessary and important for its operation. Since the early seventies, when a major leap forward was made by the widespread introduction of dissolved oxygen control, little progress has been made. The most critical phase in the solution of any control problem is the modelling stage. The primary building block of any modem control exercise is to construct and identify a model for the system to be controlled. The existing full Activated Sludge Model 1 (ASM1) and especially University of Cape Town (UCT) models of the biological processes in the activated sludge process, called in the thesis biological models, are highly complex because they are characterised with a lot of variables that are difficult to be measured on-line, complex dependencies and nonlinear interconnections between the biological variables, many kinetic parameters that are difficult to be determined, . different time scales for the process dynamics. The project considers reduction of the impact of the complexity of the process model over the methods for control design and proposes a solution to the above difficulties by development of a reduced model with small number of variables, but still with the same characteristics as the original full model for the purposes of real time.
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Wan, Ka-hung, and 溫家雄. "Computer simulation of a local municipal wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893685.

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Gwele, Zuqaqambe. "Scale-up dynamics for the photocatalytic treatment of textile effluent." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2761.

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Thesis (Masters of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, [2018].
Enhancing the efficiency of large scale photocatalytic systems has been a concern for decades. Engineering design and modelling for the successful application of laboratory-scale techniques to large scale is obligatory. Among the many fields of research in heterogeneous photocatalysis, photocatalytic reaction engineering can initiate improvement and application of conservative equations for the design and scale-up of photocatalytic reactors. Various reactor configurations were considered, and the geometry of choice was the annular shape. Theory supports the view that annular geometry, in the presence of constant transport flow properties, monochromatic light, and an incompressible flow, will allow a system to respect the law of conservation of mass. The degradation of a simulated dye, methyl orange (MO), by titanium dioxide (TiO2) with a simulated solar light (halogen lamp) in a continuous recirculating batch photoreactor (CRBPR) was studied. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was applied to study interaction terms and individual terms and the role they play in the photocatalytic degradation of MO. The studied terms were volume (L), TiO2 (g), 2 (mL), and initial dye concentration (mg/L), to optimize these parameters and to obtain their mutual interaction during a photocatalytic process, a 24 full-factorial CCD and RSM with an alpha set to 1.5 were employed. The polynomial models obtained for the chosen responses (% degradation and reaction rate constant, k) were shown to have a good externally studentized vs normal percentage probability fit with R2 values of 0.69 and 0.77 respectively. The two responses had a common significant interaction term which was the H2O2 initial dye concentration term. The optimum degradation that was obtained in this study was a volume of 20 L, TiO2 of 10 g, H2O2 of 200 mL and the initial dye concentration of 5 mg/L which yielded 64.6% and a reaction rate constant of 0.0020 min-1. The model of percentage degradation was validated on a yield of 50% and 80% over a series of set volumes and the model validation was successful.
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Grobbelaar, Loreen. "Treatment of biodiesel wastewater in a hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor microbial fuel cell (ABR-MFC) system." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2812.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019.
The biodiesel industry produces large volumes of biodiesel wastewater (BDWW) during the purification of crude biodiesel. This wastewater is characterised by high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and fats, oils and greases (FOG) which in turn defines BDWW as a highly polluted effluent. The low nitrogen and phosphorous content of BDWW creates an unfavourable environment for the growth of microorganisms, thereby making it difficult to degrade naturally. Biodiesel companies discharge untreated non-compliant wastewater directly to the municipal sewer system. Treatment prior to discharge is a necessity since the disposal of untreated BDWW may raise serious environmental concerns (i.e. disturbance of biological ecosystems) resulting in penalties liable by non-compliant companies due to the implementation of the waste discharge charge system (WDCS) which is regulated by the industrial waste discharge standard limits in South Africa (SA). This study aimed to combine the advantages of the conventional anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) system with microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology resulting in an innovative technology used to treat high strength industrial BDWW at ambient conditions. Many studies have reported effective treatment of BDWW, however to date literature implementing an ABR equipped with MFC technology has not been reported. The main objectives of the study were to determine which parameters do not meet the industrial wastewater discharge standard limits, whether pH and carbon:nitrogen:phosphorous (C:N:P) ratio adjustments will suffice prior to treatment with the ABR-MFC, the maximum power density (PD) as well as to determine the treatment efficiency of the ABR-MFC.
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Books on the topic "Disposal and purification"

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E, Baily Richard, ed. Sludge: Types, treatment processes and disposal. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Federation, Water Environment, ed. Industrial wastewater management, treatment, and disposal. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008.

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Massachusetts. Dept. of Environmental Protection. Innovative/alternative subsurface sewage treatment and disposal technologies. Boston, MA: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Dept. of Environmental Protection, 1998.

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Institution of Chemical Engineers (Great Britain). Yorkshire Branch., ed. Effluent treatment and waste disposal. Rugby, UK: Institution of Chemical Engineers, 1990.

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Elliott, Herschel A. Biosolids disposal in Pennsylvania. Harrisburg, Pa: Center for Rural Pennsylvania, 2007.

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Baily, Richard E. Sludge types, treatment processes and disposal. Hauppauge NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Center for Environmental Research Information (U.S.), ed. Guide to septage treatment and disposal. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1994.

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Sentā, Saitama-ken Kōgai. Seikatsu zōhaisui shori gijutsu ni tsuite. [Urawa-shi]: Saitama-ken Kōgai Sentā, 1986.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency., United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance., and Municipal Wastewater Technology Forum (1991 : Washington, D.C.), eds. Municipal wastewater treatment technology: Recent developments. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Data Corp., 1993.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency., ed. Wastewater treatment programs serving small communities. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Disposal and purification"

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SUÁREZ, MIGUEL A., and JOSÉ COCA. "SOLID DISPOSAL FROM EFFLUENTS TREATMENT." In Water Purification and Management, 1–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9775-0_7.

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Hana, Vydrová, Dairy Industry, and P. Koubek. "The Intensification — The improving purification process in sewage disposal plant." In MILK the vital force, 46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3733-8_36.

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Sushko, Yelena, Irina Ivanova, Yelena Golovina, and Anastasiya Parshina. "Reorganization of System of Sanitary Purification of Municipal Solid Waste and Management of Its Disposal." In International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Facilities and Sustainable Energy Technologies EMMFT 2019, 266–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57453-6_23.

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Jornitz, Maik W., and Peter Makowenskyj. "Disposable Equipment in Advanced Aseptic Technology." In Filtration and Purification in the Biopharmaceutical Industry, 627–38. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, 2019. | Series: Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315164953-25.

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Zhou, Joe X., Jason Li, Michael Cui, and Haojun Chen. "SMART DESIGN FOR AN EFFICIENT FACILITY WITH A VALIDATED DISPOSABLE SYSTEM." In Process Scale Purification of Antibodies, 495–513. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119126942.ch23.

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Tingley, Stephen K. "DISPOSABLE PREPACKED-BED CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR DOWNSTREAM PURIFICATION: FORM, FIT, FUNCTION, AND INDUSTRY ADOPTION." In Process Scale Purification of Antibodies, 269–302. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119126942.ch13.

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Kim, Joon-Ho, Byoung-Gyun Kim, Munho La, Jun-Bo Yoon, and Euisik Yoon. "A Disposable Passive Microfluidic System Integrated with Micromixer and DNA Purification Chip for DNA Sample Preparation." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2002, 224–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0295-0_75.

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Cuevas, Bryan J. "From Death to Disposal." In The Hidden History of The Tibetan Book of the Dead, 69–78. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154139.003.0004.

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Abstract The rituals of the Peaceful and Wrathful Deities and the Liberation upon Hearing are built around a coherent set of actions and a fully developed ritual sequence that recognize the value of confession (bshags-pa) and expiation (bskang-ba) in the purification of sins (sdig-pa) and the efficacy of prayer and ritual performance for guiding the deceased through the perilous pathways of the bardo and into the next life. This brief chapter examines the general structure of the Tibetan bardo liturgy, relying on both textual and ethnographic data. The textual material will be drawn from the Karling literature itself, while the ethnographic details will be based primarily on several important anthropological studies, as well as information gleaned from a modern Tibetan pamphlet by Thupten Sangay entitled Tibetan Ceremonies for the Dead [Bod-mi’i ‘das-mchodJ. Although there are variations in each of these sources, certain features can be found in common. These shared elements will provide the basis for my account of the generalized pattern of the bardo rites.
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Hassan, Amal I., and Hosam M. Saleh. "Sustainable Synthesis of Green Novel Materials for Water Purification." In Novel Materials and Water Purification, 24–48. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837671663-00024.

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Sustainable synthesis of green novel materials for water purification has gained significant attention in recent years due to the increasing demand for clean water resources. The use of traditional water treatment technologies has led to several environmental issues and challenges, such as energy consumption, carbon footprint, and disposal of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, developing eco-friendly and sustainable materials for water purification is a vital aspect of achieving global sustainability. This chapter aims to provide an overview of sustainable synthesis methods for green novel materials for water purification, including biopolymer-based materials, carbon-based materials, and nanomaterials. The significance of water remediation has lately given birth to multiple research studies concentrating on various areas of this discipline. This chapter will concentrate on the long-term synthesis of green new materials for water purification. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the potential applications and limitations of these materials for water purification, as well as their impact on the environment.
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A. Glaser, John, Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie, and Te’ri L. Richardson. "Are Reliable and Emerging Technologies Available for Plastic Recycling in a Circular Economy?" In Waste Material Recycling in the Circular Economy - Challenges and Developments. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101350.

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A spectrum of plastics has been produced in the last 70 years, and plastic production has increased faster than any other manufactured material. Current recycling of all plastic materials is pegged at 10% or less. The social value that plastics enjoys is reflected in its myriad uses for engineered durability to single-use applications. Disposable or single-use plastic items have become a significant problem. Plastic debris has become ubiquitous to the landscape and aquatic resources, leading to human health, ecological concerns, and sustainability issues. Past disposal practices relied on waste plastic flows to certain countries for disposal, but these have been summarily curtailed, needing alternatives as productive and environmentally conscious recycling technology. Waste plastics can be repurposed using purification, decomposition, or conversion processes that are based on established and emerging mechanical and chemical technologies. Plastic recycling technologies, such as thermal, chemical, and biological depolymerization processes, including pyrolytic technologies using plastics-to-fuel strategies, are under development ranging from bench-scale demonstrations to full-scale implementation. The ideal of closed supply chain constraints offers optimal solutions to plastic recycling. Evaluation of new processes requires performance assessment to understand better how plastics recycling technologies contribute to the environment and the sustainable reuse of plastic materials.
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Conference papers on the topic "Disposal and purification"

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Shafer, Lee. "Water Recycling and Purification in the Pinedale Anticline Field: Results From the Anticline Disposal Project." In SPE Americas E&P Health, Safety, Security, and Environmental Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/141448-ms.

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Salem, F. Al, T. Thiemann, K. Kawamura, A. Nakamura, V. Poulose, and H. Saibi. "Purification of Produced Water from Kuwaiti Oil Fields Using Ceramic Membranes." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24571-ms.

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Abstract Fresh water resources are increasingly becoming scarce, which is a concerning matter due to the rapid growth in global human population, industrialization and pollution of fresh water sources and underground aquifers. Therefore, utilizing water treatment technologies in water intense processes such as oil and gas production and increasing the industries’ water efficiency have become ever so important. Produced water (PW) from oilfields is the largest waste stream in the oil and gas industry, and the quantities of PW globally has been recorded at more than 250 million barrels per day. The purification of this large amount of by-product by means of ceramic membrane filtration has been investigated in this study with samples from an oilfield in the State of Kuwait with a reservoir containing mostly heavy oil and a high H2S content. The sampled PW originates from an oilfield with approximately 80 percent water cut. PW has a number of components that cause production problems such as scaling and corrosion. Therefore, the treatment of PW before its disposal or reuse is seen to be urgent. Discharging this water to the environment can also lead to severe environmental impact. Therefore, rigorous regulatory standards have been implemented for the disposal of PW into the environment, which are a significant challenge to the oil and gas industry. The understanding of the characteristics and the treatment of PW can avoid the degradation of production facilities and equipment and consequently lower the maintenance costs at the production sites. In this study, the PW samples were filtered using a φ30/100mmL ceramic membrane element with a nominal pore size of 0.1μm.
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Stefanović, Dragoslav, Jasmina Bašić, Slavica Krsmanović, Gordana Milojković, and Sara Lečić. "ANALYSIS OD THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVITALIZATION PROCESS OF THE VELIKI BAČKI CANAL." In 53rd Annual Conference of the Serbian Water Pollution Control Society. SERBIAN WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SOCIETY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/voda24.237s.

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The problem we face today is the wastewater generated by industrial facilities without installed purification systems. This wastewater or contaminated water has a significant impact on the environment and human health, as well as on the ecosystem. The focus of the work is on the amount and type of waste found in the Veliki Bački canal, and on solving the problem by classifying the resulting sludge and selecting a technological process that will properly convert the hazardous sludge into a safe/neutral form, either for disposal in a desingnated waste site or for beneficial use.
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Marković, Teodora, Nikola Pilipović, Vladanka Presburger Ulniković, and Violeta Cibulić. "ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF WASTE SLUDGE FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS- CONTEMPORARY TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES." In 53rd Annual Conference of the Serbian Water Pollution Control Society. SERBIAN WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SOCIETY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/voda24.327m.

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The disposal of sewage sludge presents a long-term environmental challenge. This paper explores the process of anaerobic digestion and an innovative technique involving microwave oven drying for sludge treatment. Following anaerobic digestion, the organic solid matter and biogas are utilized to produce activated charcoal using microwave drying. This method reduces the volume of sludge and allows its utilization in water purification and building materials. The aim is to minimize waste and generate safe products. This multidisciplinary approach contributes to long-term environmental preservation and sustainable natural resource management.
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Eda, Takeshi, Achyut Sapkota, and Masahiro Takei. "Investigation of Liquid Dispersion in the Packed-Bed by Electrical Resistance Tomography." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54841.

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Revealing gas-liquid permeable flow phenomena in the porous media is helpful for the environmental impact assessment of geological disposal of radioactive waste and purification of radioactive contamination water. This paper aims to investigate the liquid phase dispersion inside co-current downward gas-liquid flow in the bed packed with spherical particle as basic model. Water and air are injected from the top center of column, and water is spreading to the entire cross-section flowing down along the column. Radial dispersion of water is captured by electrical resistance tomography on several axial positions. The results indicated that liquid flow rate have impact on radial dispersion of water.
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Vijayan, Shiv, Makoto Kikuchi, and Akihiro Komatsu. "Technology Perspectives on the Management of Spent-Resin Wastes Generated From Nuclear Power Reactor Operations." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22573.

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Organic-resin wastes (spent resins) are generated by different purification systems employed in all types of nuclear power reactors during routine and non-routine operations. The quantities of such resin wastes, and their inventories of contaminants vary depend on the operational goals of the individual power plant. Depending on the regulatory target in the particular jurisdiction where the reactor is located, the type and amounts of radionuclides, metals and other chemical contaminants in the resin waste determine the extent of treatment required for interim storage or final disposal of the waste. Resin-waste treatment comprises different operations such as pretreatment, conditioning/stabilization and containerization that produce a waste package suitable for handling, transport, storage and disposal. One aspect of the contaminants that has significant impact on waste conditioning and the overall cost of managing such wastes are the concentrations of short half-life (arbitrarily less than approximately 30 years) radionuclides, and long half-life radionuclides, in particular carbon-14, and toxic metals present in the waste. A spectrum of resin-waste conditioning methods is available. Some methods have been applied to specific situations while others are being developed for future applications to meet the need for reducing worker dose, environmental releases, and waste-storage and disposal costs. This paper describes waste treatment options for low-level radioactive resin wastes and potential options of resin wastes containing appreciable amounts of carbon-14. Indications are that drying of the resin waste containing long half-life radionuclides such as carbon-14 and compaction or pelletizing can be favourable to allow interim dry-storage of the waste and to provide sufficient flexibility in the preparation of a suitable waste form to meet applicable waste acceptance criteria for the eventual disposal of such wastes.
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Ene, Daniela. "Preliminary Waste Management Plan of European Spallation Source." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96154.

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The European Spallation Source (ESS) is the European common effort in designing and building a next generation large-scale user facility for studies of the structure and dynamics of materials. The proposed schematic layout of the ESS facility is based on a linear driver (linac) directing the proton beam (5 MW of 2.5 GeV) of 2.8 ms long pulses with a 20 Hz on a tungsten target where neutrons are produced via spallation reactions. Further the neutrons will be moderated to thermal and subthermal energies in a couple of moderators placed around the target. The moderators feed 22 beamlines guiding the neutrons to the scattering instruments, mainly for neutron scattering research, as has been previously mentioned. The objective of this work is to develop a waste management plan for ESS facility. In this respect two important aspects are analyzed. First the present status of the problem is outlined as follow. Estimate types and quantities of waste that the ESS project will generate at different stages: commission, operation, decommissioning were derived using: i) precise Monte Carlo calculations ii) scaling the activity from the operation experience of the existing spallation source installations for waste such it is difficult to predict level of activation or for components of the facility in stage of the pre-conceptual model. Associated waste treatment/conditioning options and final disposal route were further analyzed in order to define the waste type and packet descriptions in agreement with Swedish regulations and policy. It was found that the compilation of completely new waste type descriptions for qualification of the ESS waste for disposal will be necessary. Particular attention was devoted to “problematic waste” as Beryllium reflector, C-14 from graphite used as core zone of the beam-dump and collimators or waste arising from the purification systems of both Helium and water cooling circuits. Management of waste on ESS site: collection/segregation systems, characterization system, storage options, is also described. In the second step, the acquired information is used for planning and implementing actions involving all participants (ESS, treatment facility operator, disposal operator, regulatory body and other authorized authorities).
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"Identification of mixed microbial consortia isolated from polyethylene films surface." In 5th International Scientific Conference on Microbial Biotechnology. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb22.28.

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Polyethylene, a highly recalcitrant and inert synthetic material and thereby very difficult to degrade in the environment has become a major source of environmental pollution. The traditional methods for plastic waste dispose are recycling, incineration, and landfilling, the oldest and most common method of plastic waste disposal. The natural degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE, PE-LD) depends on polymer properties, its high molecular weight, hydrophobic nature and lack of functional groups, recognized by microbial enzymes makes it adverse towards degradation. However, several studies have reported the polyethylene degrading microorganisms isolated from waste disposal sites. Various species of bacteria and fungi or microbial communities, isolated from soil, are able to modify and consume the plastic polymers as a source of energy. The purpose of present study was to characterized microbial consortia isolated from the surface of LDPE films extracted from the soil contaminated with polyethylene. LDPE films were placed in the soil that was collected from the landfill, located near the village of Slobozia-Duşca, the Criuleni district, the Republic of Moldova. The soil was treated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions within six months. Fungal and bacterial strains were isolated from LDPE surface, through enrichment techniques. Enrichment cultures were prepared by adding 10 mL water sample to 90 mL mineral salt medium (MSM). At the initial stage of creating consortia in the culture media was added LDPE in the form of granules, in an amount of 1 g. As a growth inducer in the media was added glucose, in a concentration of 0.1 mL. Samples from the enrichment culture were serially diluted and plated onto MSM agar, nutrient agar, Czapek medium. Bacterial isolates were then allowed to grow by incubating the plates at 28°C for five days. Growing colonies were selected and streaked successively onto the same media for purification. The isolates were examined for their Gram reaction, endospore formation, and cultural characteristics, such as colour, colony form, margin, surface, and elevation. The data obtained show that after 100 days of cultivation the microorganisms in the consortia retain their viability, the titer being from 7.00 × 106 CFU/mL, up to 32.00 × 106 CFU/mL. The consortia obtained are composed predominantly of fungal strains, and micromycetes are mostly represented by the genus Trichoderma. The bacteria were determined only in 2 consortia, out of the 6 obtained, and were represented by species from the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces.
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Bakelli, Omar, Ling Kegang, Timothy Nesheim, Taufique Mahmood, and Youcef Khetib. "Spatial Data Analysis of Water Production from Unconventional Reservoirs, Case Study from the Williston Basin, North Dakota." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0859.

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ABSTRACT With the instability of oil prices and the high investment cost associated with developing unconventional reservoirs, oilfield operators, contractors, and service companies are exploring new ways to optimize produced water (PW) management and reduce transportation, treatment, and disposal costs. In addition to this global trend, the Williston Basin faces more challenges due to pressurizing of underground disposal formation and the inadequacy and cost of existing purification technologies. Besides efforts toward the investigation of novel treatment methods that might offer new frontiers for PW reuse, reducing the co-produced water from upstream is still among the top solutions. Recent research showed the potential of spatial data analytics to disclose important information that serves future wells development and minimizes water production. The present study subscribes to these energies to demonstrate the role of spatial data analytics in a better understanding of the PW trend and to identify the high-volume root causes. Production data including multiple fields and producing formations were treated, normalized then visualized for this purpose. The first step, two production sections have been segregated from the data, flow back water and PW section. In the second step, an open-source GIS software was used to generate surface maps. Results analysis showed high values of water oil ratio (WOR) in West, Northeast, and Southwest fields of the Williston Basin with values reaching 94%, and low WOR recorded in central fields with values as low as 10%. The study confirmed the substantial correlation between WOR and the basin's geology configuration. The findings can be used to select a storage facility location and screen out field candidates for water control intervention. The research suggested merging production data with geology, well geometry, and completion data for in-depth insights and analysis. INTRODUCTION The petroleum industry is placing increasing focus on optimizing produced water (PW) management and reducing associated costs and environmental impacts. PW from oil and gas production encompasses various sources, including formation water, injected water for enhanced oil recovery EOR, associated chemicals and solids, and flowback water from hydraulic fracturing (Chard & Saunders, 2019).
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Rahmani, Ramin K., Theo G. Keith, and Anahita Ayasoufi. "A Study of the Accuracy, Global Performance, and Computational Expenses of k–ε, k–ω, and RSM Turbulent Models for Flow in an Industrial Static Mixer." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3105.

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Viscous liquids have to be homogenized in continuous operations in many branches of processing industries; and therefore, fluid mixing plays a critical role in the success or failure of many industrial processes. The use of static mixers has been utilized over a wide range of applications such as continuous mixing, blending, heat and mass transfer processes, chemical reactions, etc. Consequences of improper mixing include non-reproducible processing conditions and lowered product quality, resulting in the need for more elaborate downstream purification processes and increased waste disposal costs. This paper extends previous studies by the authors on an industrial helical static mixer and illustrates how static mixing processes of single-phase viscous liquids can be simulated numerically. It also intends to present an improved understanding of the turbulent flow pattern for single-phase liquids through the mixer. Three-dimensional finite volume simulations are used to study the performance of the mixer for a range of practical Reynolds numbers, using three different turbulent models: k–ε model, k–ω model, and RSM model. The accuracy, global performance and costs of the different turbulent models have been examined. The flow velocities, pressure drops, etc. are calculated for each model. The calculated pressure drop of each case is compared with experimental results. Using different tools, the mixing results obtained from the different models are studied and compared.
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Reports on the topic "Disposal and purification"

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Jensen, G. A., R. F. Hazelton, R. E. Ellefson, and H. S. Carden. Assessment of end of life disposal, tritium recovery and purification strategies for radioluminescent lights. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10103244.

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Jensen, G. A., R. F. Hazelton, R. E. Ellefson, and H. S. Carden. Assessment of end of life disposal, tritium recovery and purification strategies for radioluminescent lights. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5977932.

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