Journal articles on the topic 'Disposable plastics'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Disposable plastics.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Disposable plastics.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Czigany, T. "Disposable or single-use plastics? Neither! Recyclable or reusable plastics!" Express Polymer Letters 14, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2020.1.
Full text
2
Greene, V. W. "Reuse of Disposable Medical Devices: Historical and Current Aspects." Infection Control 7, no. 10 (October 1986): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700065140.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe “plastics revolution” of the last quarter century disrupted a hospital tradition. Since the 1890s, hospitals processed, packaged, and sterilized most of the medical-surgical items they needed in their own sterile supply departments–a “cottage industry” developed specifically for recycling. Only those consumable items that were too difficult, expensive, or inconvenient to reprocess were purchased from outside manufacturers as presterilized, single-use “disposables.” Since the plastics revolution, however, the “disposables” started to displace the “reusables,” and while claiming to be an economical innovation, have become a significant item in the budget. Some hospitals feel that if disposables save money, reusing the disposable several times will save more. The practice is spreading. The manufacturers, in turn, claim that hospitals do not have adequate quality assurance programs or skills to reprocess their items properly. The debate is further complicated by legal and ethical ramifications, as well as commercial and economic arguments.
3
Moreland, Barbara D. "Sasha Adkins: From disposable culture to disposable people: the unintended consequences of plastics." Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 9, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-019-00552-1.
Full text
4
Louro, Patrícia, and Carlos Antunes. "AWARENESS ACTIONS TO REDUCE SINGLE-USE PLASTICS FROM LAND, BASED SOURCES INTO RIVERS AND OCEANS, IN MINHO RIVER." ENVIRONMENTAL SMOKE, Special Issue (March 31, 2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32435/envsmoke/xibesymp.9.
Full textAbstract:
There is an imperative need to reduce disposable plastics and enhance the value of plastic waste. Stakeholders from the HORECA network and the general public participated in 11 awareness actions at Minho river, riverbanks, and at Caminha beach. The aim of these actions was to raise awareness about plastic reduction from land-based sources into the oceans, especially single-use plastics. Over 4.300 plastics were collected and organized in a TOP 5 of predominance: Fragments (< 2,5 cm); Cigarette butts; Fragments (> 2,5 cm); Cotton buds; Bio filters pieces. A digital pedagogical “Collection Litter 365” was created with photographs of waste removed from the aquatic environment and art works that used it as raw material for the artistic process. Simultaneously, 42 restaurants, cafes, hotels and accommodation establishments were surveyed and motivated to eliminate or minimize the use of disposable plastics and improve it's separation for recycling. Plastic water bottles (43%), plastic straws (40%) and plastic bags with handles (26%) were the most decreased items. Plastic separation for recycling reached 29%. Art works were exhibited in Minho river, at the Art Biennale of Cerveira and disseminated via digital communication. These actions were performed during LowPlast Project, promoted by Aquamuseu do rio Minho - Vila Nova de Cerveira Municipality, in partnership with the Portuguese Marine Litter Association, the Foundation Biennale of Art of Cerveira and the Interdisciplinary Art Institute - DTK, in Norway, and financed by EEA Grants. https://aquamuseu.cm-vncerveira.pt/pages/893.
5
Hopewell, Jefferson, Robert Dvorak, and Edward Kosior. "Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1526 (July 27, 2009): 2115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0311.
Full textAbstract:
Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight and durable materials, which can readily be moulded into a variety of products that find use in a wide range of applications. As a consequence, the production of plastics has increased markedly over the last 60 years. However, current levels of their usage and disposal generate several environmental problems. Around 4 per cent of world oil and gas production, a non-renewable resource, is used as feedstock for plastics and a further 3–4% is expended to provide energy for their manufacture. A major portion of plastic produced each year is used to make disposable items of packaging or other short-lived products that are discarded within a year of manufacture. These two observations alone indicate that our current use of plastics is not sustainable. In addition, because of the durability of the polymers involved, substantial quantities of discarded end-of-life plastics are accumulating as debris in landfills and in natural habitats worldwide. Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts and represents one of the most dynamic areas in the plastics industry today. Recycling provides opportunities to reduce oil usage, carbon dioxide emissions and the quantities of waste requiring disposal. Here, we briefly set recycling into context against other waste-reduction strategies, namely reduction in material use through downgauging or product reuse, the use of alternative biodegradable materials and energy recovery as fuel. While plastics have been recycled since the 1970s, the quantities that are recycled vary geographically, according to plastic type and application. Recycling of packaging materials has seen rapid expansion over the last decades in a number of countries. Advances in technologies and systems for the collection, sorting and reprocessing of recyclable plastics are creating new opportunities for recycling, and with the combined actions of the public, industry and governments it may be possible to divert the majority of plastic waste from landfills to recycling over the next decades.
6
Komatsu, Hidenori, Hiromi Kubota, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Mariah Griffin, Jennifer Link, Glenn Geher, and Maryanne L. Fisher. "Cross-cultural comparison of nudging effects for environmental protection: A case-study of risk-averse attitudes toward disposable plastics." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): e0277183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277183.
Full textAbstract:
Disposable plastics are drawing considerable attention as a source of environmental risk despite their benefits in daily life. Banning the use of disposable plastics could increase other types of risks, which may damage the public good in the long run. Considering the trade-off of the risks and benefits, one way to improve social welfare is to conduct proper recycling and to continue using plastics but limit them to essential use, avoiding an unnecessary ban. A potential barrier to such a policy might be risk-averse attitudes toward actions that are perceived to threaten future generations, which is a well-known phenomenon. We previously designed a framework for information provision using messages that remind individuals about familial support, which had significant effects in multiple countries on increasing positive attitudes toward air pollution caused by industrialization. We hypothesized that this information provision could also be effective for disposable plastic use. Thus, we conducted a randomized controlled trial via online surveys in Japan, Canada, and the US to identify the effects of our designed messages about recycling on increasing positive attitudes toward disposable plastics. The intervention effects were measured by the difference-in-difference method and panel analysis based on linear regression models using the respondents’ attributes and personality traits. The effects were consistently correlated with a sense of familial support, with the effect sizes varying according to country (US > Japan > Canada). Attributes that positively contributed to the message being more effective were higher agreeableness, lower Machiavellianism, lower psychopathy, and being a woman. Although personal fear about COVID-19 moderated the message effects, concern about the threats to relatives and family boosted the effects. Although the effect sizes were influenced by external factors, the results suggested that our proposed framework for information provision has the potential to be applied to a wider variety of risk-related topics.
7
Chen, Hongzhe. "Biodegradable plastics in the marine environment: a potential source of risk?" Water Emerging Contaminants & Nanoplastics 1, no. 3 (2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/wecn.2022.11.
Full textAbstract:
The marine environment is facing the threat of increasing plastic pollution, especially from disposable plastics. Presently, governments worldwide are promoting policies to restrict or prohibit conventional plastics. As one hopeful alternative to conventional disposable/non-durable plastics, biodegradable plastics have attracted much attention and controversy in terms of their definition, environmental impact, and environmental significance, as they may be widely used. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the facts about biodegradable plastics, understand the current knowledge gaps, and identify promising fields of relevant research. This review briefly introduces some common biodegradable plastics, their mechanisms of biodegradation, indicators for the biodegradation process, and factors concerning biodegradability and summarizes studies on the biodegradation of biodegradable plastics in the marine environment. The lifespan of biodegradable plastics varies greatly due to their compositions/properties as well as significant differences in the marine environment. Then, the potential risks of biodegradable plastics, including the release of pollutants (micro/nanoplastics, degradation products, and additives), adsorption-desorption of pollutants (pesticide, etc.), and their impact on biomes and biogeochemical cycles are discussed, fully revealing their possible impacts on the marine environment. It is believed that, in addition to the waste of resources, a high abundance of microplastics, toxic leachates, and complex effects on habitats and the environment may also cause problems for the marine environment as a result of the widespread and inappropriate use of biodegradable plastics. Based on the discussion, some constructive suggestions on how to use biodegradable plastics reasonably and prudently in the future are put forward.
8
Nguyen, Van-Tai, Thi-Phuong-Dung Le, and Thanh-Son Dao. "Chronic effects of domestic and single used plastic leachates on the microcrustacea Daphnia magna." Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment 5, no. 2 (July 6, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v5i2.557.
Full textAbstract:
Plastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental issues worldwide. Plastics can contain high amount of additives (e.g., phthalate, bisphenol A, trace metals), and they could be leached out of plastics, enter the aquatic environment and cause toxic effects to aquatic organisms (including microcrustacean). In this study, we investigated chronic effects of plastic leachates from two popular plastic materials (garbage bag and disposable raincoat) on the survival, maturation and reproduction of the microcrustcean Daphnia magna. The results showed that, the plastic leachates from the two materials at the concentration up to 1000 mg/l did not cause negative effect on survival of D. magna. However, exposed to the leachates from the garbage bag (at the concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/l) and from the disposable raincoat (at the concentration of 10 mg/l), the animals delayed their maturity ages compared to the control. Besides, the two kinds of leachates at the concentration of 1000 mg/l stimulated the reproduction of D. magna, resulting the increase of 17 – 37% of total offspring compared to the control, during 21 days of experiment. The results of this study contribute to the understanding on the toxicity of popular plastic materials to the microcrustacean, D. magna. Additionally, the plastic usage and emission into the environment should be paid more attention to protect the aquatic ecosystems and human health.
9
Sotelo-Navarro, PX, HM Poggi-Varaldo, SJ Turpin-Marion, A. Vázquez-Morillas, M. Beltrán-Villavicencio, and RM Espinosa-Valdemar. "Biohydrogen production from used diapers: Evaluation of effect of temperature and substrate conditioning." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 3 (January 18, 2017): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16677334.
Full textAbstract:
This research assessed the viability to use disposable diapers as a substrate for the production of biohydrogen, a valuable clean-energy source. The important content of cellulose of disposable diapers indicates that this waste could be an attractive substrate for biofuel production. Two incubation temperatures (35 °C and 55 °C) and three diaper conditioning methods (whole diapers with faeces, urine, and plastics, WD; diapers without plastic components, with urine and faeces, DWP; diapers with urine but without faeces and plastic, MSD) were tested in batch bioreactors. The bioreactors were operated in the solid substrate anaerobic hydrogenogenic fermentation with intermittent venting mode (SSAHF-IV). The batch reactors were loaded with the substrate at ca. 25% of total solids and 10% w/w inoculum. The average cumulative bioH2 production followed the order WD > MSD > DWP. The bio-H2 production using MSD was unexpectedly higher than DWP; the presence of plastics in the first was expected to be associated to lower degradability and H2 yield. BioH2 production at 55 °C was superior to that of 35 °C, probably owing to a more rapid microbial metabolism in the thermophilic regime. The results of this work showed low yields in the production of H2 at both temperatures compared with those reported in the literature for municipal and agricultural organic waste. The studied process could improve the ability to dispose of this residue with H2 generation as the value-added product. Research is ongoing to increase the yield of biohydrogen production from waste disposable diapers.
10
Vaverková, Magdalena, František Toman, Dana Adamcová, and Jana Kotovicová. "Study of the Biodegrability of Degradable/Biodegradable Plastic Material in a Controlled Composting Environment." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 19, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10216-011-0025-8.
Full textAbstract:
Study of the Biodegrability of Degradable/Biodegradable Plastic Material in a Controlled Composting EnvironmentThe objective of this study was to determine the degrability/biodegradability of disposable plastic bags available on the market that are labeled as degradable/biodegradable and those certified as compost. The investigated materials were obtained from chain stores in the Czech Republic and Poland. Seven kinds of bags (commercially available) were used in this study. One of them was a disposable bag made of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA additive). Another was a disposable made of polyethylene with the addition of pro-oxidant additive (d2w additive). One was labeled as 100% degradable within various periods of time, from three months up to three years, and four were certified as compostable. The test was carried out in a controlled composting environment. The biodisintegration degree of the obtained pieces was evaluated following a modified version of ČSN EN 14806 Norm "Packaging - Preliminary evaluation of the disintegration of the packaging materials under simulated composting conditions in a laboratory scale test" and a modified version of ČSN EN ISO 20200 "Plastics - Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under simulated composting conditions in laboratory-scale test" (ISO 20200:2004). The emphasis was put on determination whether the bags are degradable/biodegradable or not.
11
Li, Yong, Bairong Wang, and Orachorn Saechang. "Is Female a More Pro-Environmental Gender? Evidence from China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 29, 2022): 8002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138002.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are gender differences in people’s pro-environmental psychology and behaviors in China. An online survey was conducted with the snowball sampling technique, and a sample of 532 Chinese respondents was obtained for the research. This study finds that gender does affect green psychology and behaviors, with females reporting a higher level of environmentalism in China. Specifically, females are more concerned with environmental problems, more supportive of plastic ban policies, more positive towards reducing plastics (reduce), and have stronger intention to bring a reusable bag for shopping (reuse and recycle). Moreover, females use fewer disposable toiletries when checking in a hotel and require less disposable tableware when ordering takeout. This study contributes to the current literature by identifying the relationship between gender and environmentalism in China. Implications for anti-plastic policy design and environmental management are also presented.
12
Watson, John, Emily B. Greenough, John E. Leet, Michael J. Ford, Dieter M. Drexler, James V. Belcastro, John J. Herbst, Moneesh Chatterjee, and Martyn Banks. "Extraction, Identification, and Functional Characterization of a Bioactive Substance From Automated Compound-Handling Plastic Tips." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 14, no. 5 (May 21, 2009): 566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057109336594.
Full textAbstract:
Disposable plastic labware is ubiquitous in contemporary pharmaceutical research laboratories. Plastic labware is routinely used for chemical compound storage and during automated liquid-handling processes that support assay development, high-throughput screening, structure-activity determinations, and liability profiling. However, there is little information available in the literature on the contaminants released from plastic labware upon DMSO exposure and their resultant effects on specific biological assays . The authors report here the extraction, by simple DMSO washing, of a biologically active substance from one particular size of disposable plastic tips used in automated compound handling. The active contaminant was identified as erucamide ((Z)-docos-13-enamide), a long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acid amide commonly used in plastics manufacturing, by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis of the DMSO-extracted material. Tip extracts prepared in DMSO, as well as a commercially obtained sample of erucamide, were active in a functional bioassay of a known G-protein-coupled fatty acid receptor. A sample of a different disposable tip product from the same vendor did not release detectable erucamide following solvent extraction, and DMSO extracts prepared from this product were inactive in the receptor functional assay. These results demonstrate that solvent-extractable contaminants from some plastic labware used in the contemporary pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) environment can be introduced into physical and biological assays during routine compound management liquid-handling processes. These contaminants may further possess biological activity and are therefore a potential source of assay-specific confounding artifacts.
13
Belviso, Luca. "Lotta alla plastica ed ecosistemi marini. Il quadro giuridico all’indomani della direttiva UE/2019/904." Przegląd Prawa Rolnego, no. 1(24) (July 7, 2020): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ppr.2019.24.1.11.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes, first, the global emergency related to the production, consumption and dispersion in the environment of non-recyclable or reusable disposable plastic. Subsequently, it continues with the analysis of the objectives and measures established in the context of the European strategy for plastics and the recent Directive(EU) No 2019/904. In fact, behind the objectives and legal solutions offered by the European Union, there is the hope, shared by the author, that the challenges connected to the production, consumption and the end of the life cycle of plastic can become opportunities, and will not only guarantee everyone a healthier environment, but will also drive the European plastics industry towards innovation and growth, creating at the same workplaces and increasing the rate of employment.
14
Olt, Jüri, Viacheslav V. Maksarov, Kaarel Soots, and Tõnu Leemet. "Technology for the Production of Environment Friendly Tableware." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0054.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractFrom the point of view of environmental protection, it is reasonable to stop using disposable tableware that has been made from polluting plastics and to start using biodegradable and compostable products. Biodegradable and compostable tableware is significantly more environment and nature friendly than disposable plastic tableware and drinkware. The by-products (mostly bran) from the milling of wheat, corn and rice and palm leaves are used for the production of tableware. In the Baltic States, including Estonia, it is reasonable to use wheat bran, rye bran and buckwheat bran and the mixtures of these brans. The aim of this research was to provide the technical and technological know-how for the production of environment friendly disposable tableware and to verify the suitability of the new technological means. In order to achieve the aim, a punch and a die were modelled to produce disposable plates with desired parameters, materials and work modes for the material were chosen and, thereafter, the plates were produced from bran using a physical punch and die and using a suitable moulding mode or temperature and compression duration and using prescribed compressive forces. The mechanical properties like density and flexural strength of the moulded plates were determined.
15
Genc, Ayten, Ozgur Zeydan, and Selin Sarac. "Cost analysis of plastic solid waste recycling in an urban district in Turkey." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 9 (July 3, 2019): 906–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19858665.
Full textAbstract:
The usage of plastics has exponentially increased in our daily lives over the past 50 years because of its durability, low costs and potential for diverse applications, such as widespread use as disposable items. In this study, first, the recycling cost of plastic wastes has been estimated by using actual data taken from a recycling centre, where plastic solid wastes were collected separately. The total amount of plastic wastes recycled at the centre was approximately 695 tonnes. The operating cost of plastics separation at the recycling centre, the transport of plastic wastes, labouring, maintenance, electricity, insurance and chemical costs were taken into consideration in the cost evaluation. Accordingly, the unit cost of recycling was calculated as US$0.40 kg−1 of plastic waste. This cost was compared with the predicted plastic recycling cost in the same region using statistical values. The predicted recycling cost was estimated based on assuming segregated collection by the municipalities of all PSW in municipal solid waste. Then the resulting unit cost of recycling was found to be US$0.25 kg−1 of plastic waste. In addition, the recycling costs were also evaluated including the revenue from the sales of recycled plastic granular. According to the evaluated total cost of plastic recycling, it can be concluded that mechanical recycling of plastics can only be an economical option if the recovery of plastics is improved.
16
Unger, Scott R., Troy A. Hottle, Shakira R. Hobbs, Cassandra L. Thiel, Nicole Campion, Melissa M. Bilec, and Amy E. Landis. "Do single-use medical devices containing biopolymers reduce the environmental impacts of surgical procedures compared with their plastic equivalents?" Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 22, no. 4 (May 22, 2017): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819617705683.
Full textAbstract:
Background While petroleum-based plastics are extensively used in health care, recent developments in biopolymer manufacturing have created new opportunities for increased integration of biopolymers into medical products, devices and services. This study compared the environmental impacts of single-use disposable devices with increased biopolymer content versus typically manufactured devices in hysterectomy. Methods A comparative life cycle assessment of single-use disposable medical products containing plastic(s) versus the same single-use medical devices with biopolymers substituted for plastic(s) at Magee-Women’s Hospital (Magee) in Pittsburgh, PA and the products used in four types of hysterectomies that contained plastics potentially suitable for biopolymer substitution. Magee is a 360-bed teaching hospital, which performs approximately 1400 hysterectomies annually. Results There are life cycle environmental impact tradeoffs when substituting biopolymers for petroplastics in procedures such as hysterectomies. The substitution of biopolymers for petroleum-based plastics increased smog-related impacts by approximately 900% for laparoscopic and robotic hysterectomies, and increased ozone depletion-related impacts by approximately 125% for laparoscopic and robotic hysterectomies. Conversely, biopolymers reduced life cycle human health impacts, acidification and cumulative energy demand for the four hysterectomy procedures. The integration of biopolymers into medical products is correlated with reductions in carcinogenic impacts, non-carcinogenic impacts and respiratory effects. However, the significant agricultural inputs associated with manufacturing biopolymers exacerbate environmental impacts of products and devices made using biopolymers. Conclusions The integration of biopolymers into medical products is correlated with reductions in carcinogenic impacts, non-carcinogenic impacts and respiratory effects; however, the significant agricultural inputs associated with manufacturing biopolymers exacerbate environmental impacts.
17
Runko Luttenberger, Lidija. "Challenges on Marine Litter Issues in the Adriatic." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 2, Special edition 2 (April 2018): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2018-00.89.
Full textAbstract:
Marine litter places significant burden on beaches, marine surface, marine bottom and biota of the Adriatic Sea. It results mainly from inappropriate waste management on land. The paper analyses quantities and composition of marine litter and its sources, the threat of plastics, the approach to circular economy and waste management in Croatia and presents proposals for circular flow of materials with minimum leakage into the ecosystems and novel approach to marine litter issue. The solution of marine litter problem is in waste management involving source separation, numerous local sorting facilities, home composting, municipal composting and biogas production, with minimum resources left for disposal as well as implementing the policies to reduce and modify packaging, the materials used therefor and to avoid one-use and disposable plastic materials, that implying a change of habits, intervention in supply chain and increasing domestic supply.
18
Moad, Graeme, and David Henry Solomon. "The Critical Importance of Adopting Whole-of-Life Strategies for Polymers and Plastics." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 8218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158218.
Full textAbstract:
Plastics have been revolutionary in numerous sectors, and many of the positive attributes of modern life can be attributed to their use. However, plastics are often treated only as disposable commodities, which has led to the ever-increasing accumulation of plastic and plastic by-products in the environment as waste, and an unacceptable growth of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution. The catchphrase “plastics are everywhere”, perhaps once seen as extolling the virtues of plastics, is now seen by most as a potential or actual threat. Scientists are confronting this environmental crisis, both by developing recycling methods to deal with the legacy of plastic waste, and by highlighting the need to develop and implement effective whole-of-life strategies in the future use of plastic materials. The importance and topicality of this subject are evidenced by the dramatic increase in the use of terms such as “whole of life”, “life-cycle assessment”, “circular economy” and “sustainable polymers” in the scientific and broader literature. Effective solutions, however, are still to be forthcoming. In this review, we assess the potential for implementing whole-of-life strategies for plastics to achieve our vision of a circular economy. In this context, we consider the ways in which given plastics might be recycled into the same plastic for potential use in the same application, with minimal material loss, the lowest energy cost, and the least potential for polluting the environment.
19
Ali Hyder, Muddasir Khan, Saifullah Khan, Madiha Iqbal, Sohail Ahmad Jan, Syed Hussain Shah, Abdullah, Zia ur Rahman, and Umer Iqbal. "Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene plastics by fungi isolated from waste disposal site at district Peshawar, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/pjbb.v2i2.59.
Full textAbstract:
Plastics are resistant to microbial attack, which has become a major cause of environmental pollution. The current study aimed to identify the fungi, capable of the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene plastics from different waste disposal sites at Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 15 soil samples were collected from different waste disposable sites of Peshawar. From these samples, five fungal isolates Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, White rot, and Brown rot fungi were identified based on their colony morphology and microscopic examination. The biodegradation ability of these isolates against low-density polyethylene plastics was studied through the weight loss percentage method on 30 days of incubation. The weight loss percentage showed that Aspegillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, Brown rot, and white rot fungi showed 22.9%, 16.1%, 18.4%, and 22.7% biodegradation, respectively. This study concluded that Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, White rot, and Brown rot fungi are capable to degrade polyethylene plastics.Low density polyethylene, Plastics, Fungi, Biodegradation
20
Aremanda, Ramesh Babu, and R. K. Singh. "Conversion of waste polypropylene disposable cups into liquid fuels by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis using activated carbon." Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/sustinerejes.v6i1.190.
Full textAbstract:
Polypropylene plastics are used extensively in packaging and food services for short usage, poses enormous disposal problem and contributing to over 45 % of globally generated plastic waste. Accordingly, the present work is focused on converting waste polypropylene(WPP) disposable cups in to liquid fuels by employing thermal and catalytic pyrolysis processes. Characterization of WPP disposable cups were performed through proximate and ultimate analyses followed by TGA and found that 86% of its mass degrades in a temperature range of 430 – 603 oC. Effect of temperature in the range of 500 – 650 oC on liquid fuel production at a constant heating rate of 15 oC/min were noted in thermal pyrolysis, an optimum and stable liquid fraction of 76 % with a reaction time of 30 min was recorded at 500 oC. For studies on catalytic pyrolysis, activated carbon (AC) was applied from 470 to 530 oC at variable Feed to Catalyst (F/C) ratio of 1- 4, an optimum liquid yield of 74 % was obtained with a residence time of 35 min at 510 oC and F/C of 3:1. Thermo-physical properties of optimal liquid products were comparable with conventional fossil fuels. XRD and SEM analysis of AC catalyst were showed the presence of carbon at 24o and 42o of 2θ-angle with an apparel pore size of 2 µm.
21
Darwin, S., G. Prajna, and T. A. Tamba. "Bamboo fiber-PLA composite materials for disposable food and beverages packaging tools: a brief review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 926, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/926/1/012087.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Disposable packaging tools such as cups/food containers have become popular and commonly used items in today’s society as they offer simplicity, low cost, durability, and convenience for people in carrying/taking their foods. Most of these packaging tools are non-biodegradable products because their materials are mainly composed of plastics and/or their derivatives. Consequently, packaging tools have become one of the primary contributors to the earth’s waste and global warming. Eco-friendly products can be defined as products that are safe and healthy for individuals and communities throughout their life cycle, which includes all processes from production to consumption and up to disposal. Current methods for developing eco-friendly products have mainly relied on using composites of different biodegradable materials that are chosen and combined in such a way that they can complement each other’s weakness or drawback. One of these composites with the potential to replace and address the negative impacts caused by plastics products is the bamboo fiber-PLA (BF-PLA) composite. This paper is intended to briefly discuss the characteristics of as well as various important properties of such a BF-PLA composite to illustrate and motivate its potential future use as an alternative eco-friendly material for producing disposable packaging tools.
22
Berketova, L., and V. Polkovnikova. "On the Eco-, Edible and Fast-decomposing Packaging in the Food Industry." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/59/23.
Full textAbstract:
At the moment, all economically developed countries face the problem of pollution of the surrounding world, and one of the main pollutants is packaging. Packaging helps to preserve its contents from various damages, and informative and attractive packaging is an indispensable attribute of the marketing process. Most products are Packed in a huge amount of film and paper, which is thrown out by the consumer to the landfill. As a result, there are growing landfills for garbage, 40 % of which is disposable packaging. In the conditions of increased demand for so-called healthy food products, the question of packaging this food in no less "healthy" packaging arose. Eco-friendly, biodegradable, and edible packaging is one of the relatively new trends in the field of ecology. The international standard ASTM D-6400 "Standard specification for marking plastics intended for aerobic composting in municipal or industrial facilities" regulates the development of bioplastic mass technologies. According to the Standard specification for compostable plastics, biodegradable and decomposable plastics are classified into the following groups: starch, cellulose and protein based plastics; aliphatic polyesters; polylactic acids; polytrihydroxybutyrate; polyhydroxalkanoates; bio-derived polyethylene and lipid-derived polymers. According to the method of decomposition, bioplastics are divided into compostable plastic and photo-degradable plastics. The range of biodegradable plastics includes: starch; natural polyesters; renewable resource polyesters; synthetic aliphatic polyesters; aliphatic-aromatic co-polyesters; hydro-biodegradable polyester; water-soluble polymers; photo-biodegradable plastics and controlled degradation of dietary supplements. In the Russian Federation, the issues of bioplastic production have not been developed and are not legally fixed. Today, the main types of edible packaging include natural casings for meat products, wafer cups for ice cream, craft paper, cardboard, wood, cellulose, and others. Jute bags are a potential biodegradable packaging material. Many companies produce modern disposable eco-friendly dishes made of wood, bamboo, carbonized bamboo, sugar cane and other eco-friendly materials without the use of chemicals.
23
Dobur, Ersin, Bekir Boyacı, and Sadiye İnceoğlu. "Reusable Sanitary Pad." Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v1i1.183.
Full textAbstract:
Feminine hygiene products are described personal care products that are used by women to manage menstruation and to maintain menstrual health. One of the most preferred feminine hygiene products is sanitary pads. Sanitary pad is a thin pad made of absorbent material that comprises numerous layers of quilted cotton fabric or other super absorbent polymers and plastics. Soft touch, dry feel, odourless, leakproof and antibacterial properties are the expectations from a sanitary pad. Considering these expectations, in order to replace with the disposable (single use) ones we have developed a reusable sanitary pad with wings that all individual layers of fabrics are designed and produced. Drying time, pilling resistance, thermal and water vapour resistance, air permeability, dimensional stability, hydrostatic pressure, tensile strength, tear strength, phenolic yellowing, pH level, bursting strength, thickness, mass per unit area tests are carried out.
According to market outlook reports the total sales of reusable sanitary pads represent ~5%- 10% of the global health and personal care market. Disposable (single use) sanitary pads end up with landfilling and disposal by incineration and cause environmental pollution. From the perspective of woman health, equality of opportunity, sustainability and environmental health concerns it is concluded that reusable pads are a sustainable alternative for the disposable (single use) ones.
24
Potapova, Elena. "The Issue of Plastic Waste Utilization." Известия Байкальского государственного университета 28, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2018.28(4).535-544.
Full textAbstract:
Waste or garbage is a mix of substances, objects and their parts that have lost their customer properties due to being used and so they are refused. The paper is aimed at characterizing main topical concepts of the problem of plastic waste spread and its utilization and suggesting its future solutions. In Russia the amount of solid municipal waste reaches 63 mln tons per year (i. e. about 450 kg per person), up to 25 % of it being plastics. Plastics are organic materials made of synthesized or natural polymers consisting of monomer units that are joined together to form long macromolecules. The most widespread types of plastic are polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, low and high density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE), etc. A system of identification codes and labeling was developed to facilitate utilization of disposable items. The majority of types of plastic can be easily reprocessed and recycled. In European countries, up to 50 % of waste is recycled while in Russia this number does not exceed 4 %. The life cycle of plastic is much longer than its useful life. One way or another, all plastic items get into landfills where plastic goes on affecting the environment and moves along the food chains up to humans. Up to 10 % of plastic waste ends up in the World Ocean. This durable and often toxic material results in diseases and death of many terrestrial and aquatic animals. The classic waste management hierarchy is limited to three major directions: disposal (including energy recovery), recycling and reuse, all of which being not optimal particularly in respect of the environment. It should be recognized that, among other issues, plastic life cycle assessment and raising public awareness of a need to minimize use of plastic are relevant ways out.
25
Yu, P. H. F., H. Chua, A. L. Huang, W. H. Lo, and K. P. Ho. "Transformation of industrial food wastes into polyhydroxyalkanoates." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 1 (July 1, 1999): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0068.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the synthetic and biologically inert nature of petroleum-derived plastics, the disposal of these solid wastes has been a focus of concern for waste management. Thus, the demand for biodegradable plastics has become a highly visible issue. Broader usage of biodegradable plastics in packaging and disposable products as a solution to environmental problems would heavily depend on further reduction in costs and the discovery of novel biodegradable plastics with improved properties. As the first step in pursuit of eventual usage of industrial food wastewater as nutrients for microorganisms to synthesize environmental-friendly bioplastics, the usage of soya wastes and malt wastes from a beer brewery plant were investigated as the carbon sources for the production of bioplastics. Bench experiments showed that microorganisms from the municipal activated sludges used the nutrients from malt and soya wastes to biosynthesise PHAs. The results of experiments indicated that with the proper selection of the type of food wastes as the carbon source, bioplastics with specific PHAs copolymers could be produced with distinct polymer physical properties.
26
Pawlak, Klaudia. "Determinanty kształtowania polityki opakowań w Polsce i na świecie." Ekonomia 26, no. 1 (August 6, 2020): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.26.1.4.
Full textAbstract:
The packaging market is one of the largest consumers of plastics both in Poland and worldwide. This constantly growing industry generates huge amounts of packaging waste, and additionally disposable products, that storage has a negative impact on the environment. The aim of the article is to present ways of opposing a packaging policy that is destructive to the environment. This work was based on literature, legal regulations and secondary research on the economy in the field of packaging and disposable products.
27
Khanyile, Asiphile, Guy Cubitt Caws, S'phumelele Lucky Nkomo, and Ntandoyenkosi Malusi Mkhize. "THERMAL CHARACTERISATION STUDY OF TWO DISPOSABLE DIAPER BRANDS." Volume 09 - March 2020, no. 9 (January 29, 2020): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13898.
Full textAbstract:
Disposable diapers have become a prominent feature of solid waste dumped in landfills. It is estimated that disposable diapers take anywhere between 300 to 500 years to decompose. Despite the associated environmental challenges, a plethora of studies show that disposable diapers have become a popular choice for parents when compared with cloth diapers. Disposable diapers are argued to be more convenient for parents because of their once-off use and super-absorbent ability, of which they are able to absorb 200-300 times the weight as compared to the cloth diapers. This study investigates thermal devolatilisation profiles of disposable diapers as well as their iso-conventional kinetic parameters, elemental and fractional composition. In this study, the two most dominant disposable diaper brands were sampled and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. It was observed that the exterior fraction of both diapers showed a single peak devolatilisation at a temperature of around 500°C, while the interior fraction showed two distinctive devolatilisation peaks observed below 400°C and above 500°C. However, the pyrolysis heating rate produced no effect on the pyro-char fraction. Furthermore, the devolatilisation pathways of different types of disposable diaper fractions showed that there is a potential for conducting stepwise pyrolysis to promote fractional recovery of valuable products. Disposable diapers waste conversion can be better handled by separating the outer fraction (mainly fossil-based plastics and rubbery materials) from the inner fraction (mainly bio-based fibers and absorbents). It is further illustrated that the kinetic parameters, Ea and k0 are different for each disposable diaper fraction.
28
Schumacher, Ilana, Evgeny Tsiperman, Alexander Tarnopolsky, Arthur Raskin, Erwin Sigler, and Abraham J. Domb. "Quality and stability evaluation of disposable medical equipment." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 18, no. 3 (2007): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.856.
Full text
29
Massuga, Flavia, Marcos Aurélio Larson, Marli Kuasoski, and Sergio Luis Dias Oliveira. "Plastic Waste and Sustainability: Reflections and Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Socio-Cultural and Environmental Context." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 16 (March 14, 2022): e02860. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v16.2860.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The article aims to analyze the impacts and reflections of the COVID-19 pandemic on plastic waste management. Theoretical Framework: The concern with COVID-19 resulted in several protective measures, such as the use of PPE and movement restrictions in urban centers. These changes also affected patterns of generation and management of solid waste, especially plastic waste, whose negative effects on socio-environmental aspects may emerge due to its inadequate disposal. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review in the databases Scopus, Sage and Web of Science, employing the Methodi Ordinatio. The review selected 22 studies to compose the research portfolio. Results and conclusion: The results showed a higher concentration of studies on plastic waste in coastal regions, especially from PPE and microplastic pollution. Moreover, there is a concern with the generation of packaging waste by shifting consumption patterns with the increased demand for e-commerce and delivery services. Besides an environmental concern, a long-term social problem stands out regarding the breaking of sustainable behavior patterns in using disposable plastic. Research implications: We propose solutions involving the use of biodegradable plastics, reuse of PPE, and new waste treatment technologies, besides changes in social behavior. Originality/Value: Overall, the study provides insights and promotes reflections on the challenges faced in managing plastic waste during the COVID-19 pandemic.
30
Jia, Peng, Xiaoqian Ji, Bin Zheng, Chunyang Wang, Wenjie Hao, Wenjia Han, Jun Zhang, Guangmei Xia, Xingxiang Ji, and Jinming Zhang. "Eco-Friendly and Complete Recycling of Waste Bamboo-Based Disposable Paper Cups for Value-Added Transparent Cellulose-Based Films and Paper Plastic Composites." Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 1589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081589.
Full textAbstract:
Disposable paper cups are widely used in daily life and most of them are landfilled or incinerated after use, resulting in a serious ecological hazard and significant waste of resources due to the usage of thin polyethylene (PE) as their inner coating. Hence, converting these common solid domestic wastes into high-value added materials is attractive and meaningful. In this study, transparent cellulose-based films were achieved from old bamboo-based disposable paper cups after pretreatment through using the room ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) as solvent. The cellulose-based film with a dense texture demonstrated a relatively nice mechanical and UV-shielding performances, and its tensile strength was as high as 48 MPa, much higher than that of commercial polyethylene (PE, 12 MPa) film. Thus, the resultant cellulose-based film showed a great potential in the packaging field. Besides, the flexible paper plastic composites (PPC) were also fabricated from the rest thin PE coating with the stuck fibers, and it was found that PPC showed excellent mechanical property and hydrophobicity. Consequently, a feasible and eco-friendly process of recycling and reusing waste disposable paper cups was developed to achieve a complete utilization and valorization of waste disposable paper cups.
31
Cottenden, A. M., P. H. Thornburn, G. E. Dean, M. J. Fader, and R. J. Brooks. "Wet Comfort of Small Disposable Incontinence Pads." Textile Research Journal 68, no. 7 (July 1998): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759806800703.
Full text
32
Dordevic, Dani, Lucie Necasova, Bojan Antonic, Simona Jancikova, and Bohuslava Tremlová. "Plastic Cutlery Alternative: Case Study with Biodegradable Spoons." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071612.
Full textAbstract:
Plastics are mixtures of organic polymers that play a major role in environmental contamination worldwide. One way to reduce the waste arising from the use of plastics, especially disposable ones, can be to produce environmentally friendly cutlery. The aim of the work was the production of biodegradable spoons and evaluation of their texture, antioxidant activities and total polyphenols content. The spoons were made from a combination of the following ingredients: water, grape, proso millet, wheat, xanthan and palm oil in different concentrations. The samples were baked at 180 or 240 °C, some spoons were dried in a fruit dehydrator. According to the results of the analysis, a spoon prepared from a mixture of all three flours and with the addition of xanthan appears to be the most suitable replacement for plastic cutlery. This spoon showed high strength and antioxidant activity. It was confirmed that the use of grape flour has a beneficial effect on the nutritional profile of the experimentally produced biodegradable spoons.
33
Song, J. H., R. J. Murphy, R. Narayan, and G. B. H. Davies. "Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1526 (July 27, 2009): 2127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0289.
Full textAbstract:
Packaging waste forms a significant part of municipal solid waste and has caused increasing environmental concerns, resulting in a strengthening of various regulations aimed at reducing the amounts generated. Among other materials, a wide range of oil-based polymers is currently used in packaging applications. These are virtually all non-biodegradable, and some are difficult to recycle or reuse due to being complex composites having varying levels of contamination. Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of biodegradable plastics, largely from renewable natural resources, to produce biodegradable materials with similar functionality to that of oil-based polymers. The expansion in these bio-based materials has several potential benefits for greenhouse gas balances and other environmental impacts over whole life cycles and in the use of renewable, rather than finite resources. It is intended that use of biodegradable materials will contribute to sustainability and reduction in the environmental impact associated with disposal of oil-based polymers. The diversity of biodegradable materials and their varying properties makes it difficult to make simple, generic assessments such as biodegradable products are all ‘good’ or petrochemical-based products are all ‘bad’. This paper discusses the potential impacts of biodegradable packaging materials and their waste management, particularly via composting. It presents the key issues that inform judgements of the benefits these materials have in relation to conventional, petrochemical-based counterparts. Specific examples are given from new research on biodegradability in simulated ‘home’ composting systems. It is the view of the authors that biodegradable packaging materials are most suitable for single-use disposable applications where the post-consumer waste can be locally composted.
34
Wang, Lixiang, Qiwen Zhou, Xiaoqian Ji, Jianfeng Peng, Haq Nawaz, Guangmei Xia, Xingxiang Ji, Jinming Zhang, and Jun Zhang. "Fabrication and Characterization of Transparent and Uniform Cellulose/Polyethylene Composite Films from Used Disposable Paper Cups by the “One-Pot Method”." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061070.
Full textAbstract:
Disposable paper cups are usually composed of high-grade paper board and an inner polyethylene coatings and are extensively used in daily life. However, most disposable paper cups are only used for a short time and then incinerated or accumulated in landfill at the end of their service due to the difficulty in separating the components, leading to a serious threat to our ecosystem. Therefore, developing a facile and green method to recycle and reuse disposable paper cups is vital. By using ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) as a solvent, transparent and homogenous cellulose/polyethylene composite films were successfully prepared from used bamboo-based disposable paper cups through the “one-pot method”, without any pre-treatment. It was found that there was a transformation of cellulose I to II after the dissolution and regeneration processes, and the crystallinity degree of the regenerated cellulose-based materials decreased significantly, resulting in a change in thermal properties. Meanwhile, compared to traditional pure cellulose films, the composite films possessed good UV-shielding properties and hydrophobicity. Moreover, they also displayed good mechanical properties. Additionally, the size of the ground PE coatings displayed obvious effects on the structures and properties of the composite films, where the CPE100 (sieved with 100–200 mesh) possessed the most homogeneous texture and the highest tensile strength (82 Mpa), higher than that of commercial polyethylene film (9–12 MPa), showing superiority as packaging or wrapping materials. Consequently, the goals to fabricate uniform cellulose/polyethylene composite films and valorize the solid waste from disposable paper cups were simultaneously achieved by a facile and green “one-pot method”.
35
Kadac-Czapska, Kornelia, Eliza Knez, Magdalena Gierszewska, Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska, and Małgorzata Grembecka. "Microplastics Derived from Food Packaging Waste—Their Origin and Health Risks." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020674.
Full textAbstract:
Plastics are commonly used for packaging in the food industry. The most popular thermoplastic materials that have found such applications are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polystyrene (PS). Unfortunately, most plastic packaging is disposable. As a consequence, significant amounts of waste are generated, entering the environment, and undergoing degradation processes. They can occur under the influence of mechanical forces, temperature, light, chemical, and biological factors. These factors can present synergistic or antagonistic effects. As a result of their action, microplastics are formed, which can undergo further fragmentation and decomposition into small-molecule compounds. During the degradation process, various additives used at the plastics’ processing stage can also be released. Both microplastics and additives can negatively affect human and animal health. Determination of the negative consequences of microplastics on the environment and health is not possible without knowing the course of degradation processes of packaging waste and their products. In this article, we present the sources of microplastics, the causes and places of their formation, the transport of such particles, the degradation of plastics most often used in the production of packaging for food storage, the factors affecting the said process, and its effects.
36
Dwipayana, I. Kadek Wira, and Kadek Agus Sudiarawan. "KARAKTERISTIK PENGATURAN PEMBATASAN TIMBULAN SAMPAH PLASTIK SEKALI PAKAI PADA PERGUB BALI NO.97/2018 : PENDEKATAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT." Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ks.2020.v08.i08.p04.
Full textAbstract:
Tulisan ini merupakan tulisan yang memiliki tujuan agar dapat menyampaikan informasi mengenai upaya pelestarian lingkungan hidup melalui partisipasi masyarakat dengan mengurangi penggunaan plastik sekali pakai (PSP). Tulisan ini memuat bahasan mengenai karakteristik pengaturan peran masyarakat dalam Pergub Bali No.97/2018 serta relevansinya dengan pengurangan sampah plastic sekali pakai (PSP) di Bali. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual serta analitis. Sumber bahan hukum pada tulisan ini berasal dari sumber bahan hukum primer dan sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur sumber bahan hukum. Setelah dianalisis, ditemukan hasil mengenai karakterisik pengaturan peran masyarakat yang berupa hak dan kewajiban yang dimuat didalam peraturan tersebut. Namun meskipun demikian ditemukan juga beberapa kelemahan dari peraturan tersebut yang dapat membuat dilanggarnya peraturan tersebut.
This paper was aimed at conveying information about environmental conservation efforts through community participation by reducing the use of disposable plastics (PSP). It contained a discussion of the characteristics of community role regulation in the Governor of Bali No. 97/2018 and its relevance to reducing disposable plastics (PSP) waste in Bali. The research method used was a normative legal research method with a statutory, conceptual and analytical approach. The source of legal material in this study came from primary and secondary legal material sources with data collection techniques through the study of legal source literature sources. After being analyzed, it was found regarding the characteristics of the regulation of community roles in the form of rights and obligations contained in the regulation. However, there were also some weaknesses in the regulation which were able to make the regulation violated.
37
Grace, Robert. "In the Crosshairs: Single‐Use, Disposable Packaging." Plastics Engineering 75, no. 4 (April 2019): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/peng.20105.
Full text
38
Dewi, Wayan Weda, Dian Tamitiadini, and Ika Rizki Yustisia. "PENDEKATAN TRANSTHEORICAL SEBAGAI MODEL ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN PERILAKU SADAR LINGKUNGAN DI PROVINSI BALI." Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi 13, no. 1 (September 5, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v13i1.1711.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Studies of environmental issues in Indonesia are still minim. Eventhough, Indonesia has many serious problem related to environmental issue. One of them is listed as the second largest constibutor of plastic waste in Asia. Piles of plastic waste cause various problems such as sea water pollution and decreased quality of human life. In order to reduce the negative impact of this plastic waste pile, of course good synergy between various parties including the Government, the community and business actors is needed. Bali is one of the province that commited to reducing the consumption of disposable plastics by implementing a pro-environment policy related to limiting the consumption of plastic bags. Using descriptive qualitative method, this research focusing on indetifying stages of social change using the concept of stages approach to the strategy of reducing plastic consumption, especially in Bali Province. This research is directed at literacy efforts in the community and business actors regarding the impact of the use of disposable plastics (PSP) as well as social intervention efforts through the preparation of pro-environment campaign models in reducing plastic consumption. In addition, the focus of the research also wants to see the extent to which stages of change have been achieved on the part of consumers and businesses in Bali. This model can be used as a basis for the Bali provincial government in formulating policies related to the use of plastics which are harmful to the environment.Abstrak. Kajian mengenai isu lingkungan dalam perspektif komunikasi lingkungan masih minim di Indonesia. Padahal Indonesia memiliki sejumlah permasalahan serius terkait isu lingkungan, salah satunya tercatat sebagai negara ke-dua terbesar penyumbang limbah plastik di level Asia. Timbunan sampah plastik menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan seperti pencemaran air laut dan menurunnya kualitas hidup manusia. Guna mengurangi dampak negatif timbunan sampah plastik ini tentunya diperlukan sinergi yang baik antar berbagai pihak di antaranya Pemerintah, masyarakat, dan juga pelaku usaha. Provinsi Bali menjadi salah satu provinsi yang berkomitmen terhadap pengurangan konsumsi plastik sekali pakai dengan jalan menerapkan kebijakan pro lingkungan terkait pembatasan konsumsi kantong plastik bagi pelaku usaha. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini berfokus pada identifikasi tahapan perubahan sosial menggunakan pendekatan konsep stages of change dalam strategi pengurangan konsumsi plastik khususnya di Provinsi Bali. Penelitian ini diarahkan pada upaya literasi pada masyarakat dan pelaku usaha mengenai dampak penggunaan plastik sekali pakai (PSP) serta upaya intervensi sosial melalui penyusunan model kampanye pro lingkungan dalam mengurangi konsumsi plastik. Selain itu, fokus penelitian juga ingin melihat sejauh mana tahapan perubahan perilaku (stages of change) telah dicapai di sisi konsumen dan pelaku usaha di Bali. Model ini dapat dijadikan landasan bagi pemerintah Provinsi Bali dalam menyusun kebijakan terkait penggunaan plastik yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan.
39
Hron, Rebecca J., Doug J. Hinchliffe, Michael Santiago Cintrón, Kenneth J. Linthicum, and Brian D. Condon. "Functional assessment of biodegradable cotton nonwoven substrates permeated with spatial insect repellants for disposable applications." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 13-14 (January 20, 2021): 1578–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520987213.
Full textAbstract:
Arboviral diseases and malaria transmitted by mosquitoes are major health concerns worldwide responsible for millions of deaths annually. Spatial repellents have been used as preventative measures via direct application to the skin or disposable devices worn outside of clothing. Naturally derived, plant-based repellents are safe, effective alternatives to synthetic repellents and may be applied to disposable substrates including adhesive patches. Many disposables are composed of synthetic petrochemical-based polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics, contributing to growing concern surrounding microplastic pollution. Sustainable and biodegradable substrates including those made from cotton are cost effective and environmentally friendly. Therefore, we explored the utilization of cotton-based substrates for the application of natural spatial and synthetic contact insect repellents. Cotton fibers used in the study were commercially available greige cotton, scoured and bleached greige cotton and reginned greige cotton motes, a value-added byproduct of the ginning process. Synthetic polyester and polypropylene were used for comparison. Thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) in combination with modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) were used to discern vaporization properties of repellents from the substrates. Retention times of repellents on the substrates were analyzed using a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy–focal plane array detector and compared with the TG/DTG and mDSC data. Mosquito landing assays confirmed the feasibility of using cotton-based substrates treated with plant-based spatial repellents as an effective and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic materials.
40
Nakamura, Ikusei, and Kaoru Fujimoto. "Development of New Disposable Catalyst for Converting Waste Plastics to High Quality Transportation Fuel." Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute 39, no. 3 (1996): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi1958.39.245.
Full text
41
Lim, Jun Wei, Daphne Wan Qing Ting, Kai-Chee Loh, Tianshu Ge, and Yen Wah Tong. "Effects of disposable plastics and wooden chopsticks on the anaerobic digestion of food waste." Waste Management 79 (September 2018): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.033.
Full text
42
Bhandare, P. S., B. K. Lee, and K. Krishnan. "Study of pyrolysis and incineration of disposable plastics using combined TG/FT-IR technique." Journal of thermal analysis 49, no. 1 (July 1997): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01987458.
Full text
43
Nakamura, Ikusei, and Kaoru Fujimoto. "Development of new disposable catalyst for waste plastics treatment for high quality transportation fuel." Catalysis Today 27, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(95)00208-1.
Full text
44
Dybka-Stępień, Katarzyna, Hubert Antolak, Magdalena Kmiotek, Dominik Piechota, and Anna Koziróg. "Disposable Food Packaging and Serving Materials—Trends and Biodegradability." Polymers 13, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 3606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203606.
Full textAbstract:
Food is an integral part of everyone’s life. Disposable food serving utensils and tableware are a very convenient solution, especially when the possibility of the use of traditional dishes and cutlery is limited (e.g., takeaway meals). As a result, a whole range of products is available on the market: plates, trays, spoons, forks, knives, cups, straws, and more. Both the form of the product (adapted to the distribution and sales system) as well as its ecological aspect (biodegradability and life cycle) should be of interest to producers and consumers, especially considering the clearly growing trend of “eco-awareness”. This is particularly important in the case of single-use products. The aim of the study was to present the current trends regarding disposable utensils intended for contact with food in the context of their biodegradability. This paper has summarized not only conventional polymers but also their modern alternatives gaining the attention of manufacturers and consumers of single-use products (SUPs).
45
Joo, Junghee, Seonho Lee, Heeyoung Choi, Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, and Jechan Lee. "Single-Use Disposable Waste Upcycling via Thermochemical Conversion Pathway." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162617.
Full textAbstract:
Herein, the pyrolysis of two types of single-use disposable waste (single-use food containers and corrugated fiberboard) was investigated as an approach to cleanly dispose of municipal solid waste, including plastic waste. For the pyrolysis of single-use food containers or corrugated fiberboard, an increase in temperature tended to increase the yield of pyrolytic gas (i.e., non-condensable gases) and decrease the yield of pyrolytic liquid (i.e., a mixture of condensable compounds) and solid residue. The single-use food container-derived pyrolytic product was largely composed of hydrocarbons with a wide range of carbon numbers from C1 to C32, while the corrugated fiberboard-derived pyrolytic product was composed of a variety of chemical groups such as phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and oxygenates involving alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketones, acetates, and esters. Changes in the pyrolysis temperature from 500 °C to 900 °C had no significant effect on the selectivity toward each chemical group found in the pyrolytic liquid derived from either the single-use food containers or corrugated fiberboard. The co-pyrolysis of the single-use food containers and corrugated fiberboard led to 6 times higher hydrogen (H2) selectivity than the pyrolysis of the single-use food containers only. Furthermore, the co-pyrolysis did not form phenolic compounds or polycyclic aromatic compounds that are hazardous environmental pollutants (0% selectivity), indicating that the co-pyrolysis process is an eco-friendly method to treat single-use disposable waste.
46
Evans, Anne M., J. David Chambers, and John R. Hobbs. "Multiwell cap assay: A simple objective method for the assessment of leukocyte locomotion in vitro." Bioscience Reports 6, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 1041–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01141025.
Full textAbstract:
A simple method for evaluating leukocyte locomotion in vitro has been developed and validated for several chemoattractants. The multiwell cap assay (MWCA) comprises chambers constructed from readily available disposable plastics and is quickly assembled, permitting large experimental protocols. Leukocytes which have migrated through a micropore filter are recovered and counted electronically yielding a precise, objective result. Coefficients of variation are approximately 6%.
47
Colburn, S. M., N. Biest, M. Hao, K. Houmiel, T. Mitsky, S. Padgette, S. Reiser, et al. "Morphological And Immunocytochemical Analysis Of Polyhydroxybuterate Distribution In Transgenic Plants." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 1254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600019590.
Full textAbstract:
Poly-β-hydroxybuterate (PHB), a biodegradable polyester, is accumulated as a storage compound in many species of bacteria. It belongs to a class of polymers called polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). PHA's were originally identified in 1923.However these polymers first came to the attention of industry in the early 1980's when they were recognized as having thermoplastic properties.Monsanto currently markets a form of PHA produced via fermentation under the trade name Biopol™. It is used to make biodegradable plastic products such as credit cards, bottles and disposable drinking cups. However fermentation is an expensive route to production. The use of crop plants genetically engineered to produce PHA's could provide a less expensive source of the plastic and therefore a more attractive alternative to traditional non-biodegradable petrochemical derived plastics. PHB production in plants was first demonstrated in 1992 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana by Chris Somerville and coworkers. They showed that PHB production was tolerated by the plant if it was targeted to the chloroplasts.
48
Korley, LaShanda T. J., Thomas H. Epps, Brett A. Helms, and Anthony J. Ryan. "Toward polymer upcycling—adding value and tackling circularity." Science 373, no. 6550 (July 1, 2021): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abg4503.
Full textAbstract:
Plastics have revolutionized modern life, but have created a global waste crisis driven by our reliance and demand for low-cost, disposable materials. New approaches are vital to address challenges related to plastics waste heterogeneity, along with the property reductions induced by mechanical recycling. Chemical recycling and upcycling of polymers may enable circularity through separation strategies, chemistries that promote closed-loop recycling inherent to macromolecular design, and transformative processes that shift the life-cycle landscape. Polymer upcycling schemes may enable lower-energy pathways and minimal environmental impacts compared with traditional mechanical and chemical recycling. The emergence of industrial adoption of recycling and upcycling approaches is encouraging, solidifying the critical role for these strategies in addressing the fate of plastics and driving advances in next-generation materials design.
49
Gorence, Galen J., Hannah C. Pulcastro, Crystal A. Lawson, Roy R. Gerona, Matthew Friesen, Tegan S. Horan, Mary C. Gieske, Caroline V. Sartain, and Patricia A. Hunt. "Chemical Contaminants from Plastics in the Animal Environment." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 58, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000074.
Full textAbstract:
Accidental exposure of our mice to bisphenol A (BPA) from damaged polycarbonate cages 20 y ago provided some of the first evidence of the harmful effects of exposure to this common chemical. Recently we found that housing mice in damaged polysulfone cages resulted in similar harmful effects due to exposure to bisphenol S (BPS). This problem was unexpected for 2 reasons. First, polysulfone is a far more chemically resistant polymer than polycarbonate. Second, BPS is not a component in the manufacture of polysulfone. We report here our efforts to verify the source of the BPS and eliminate the exposure. Our analysis of new polysulfone caging materials confirmed that BPS is a breakdown product of damaged polysulfone plastic. Furthermore, we found that BPS can cross-contaminate new or undamaged cages in facilities that process damaged caging materials. Neither the use of disposable cages nor replacement of caging materials used solely for our colony was sufficient to eliminate exposure effects. Only the replacement of all cages and water bottles in the facility corrected the problem and allowed us to resume our studies. Taken together, our previous and current findings underscore the concern that chemicals from plastics are harmful environmental contaminants for both humans and animals. Furthermore, our results provide strong evidence that the presence of damaged plastic in a facility may be sufficient to affect research results and, by extension, animal health.
50
Soong, Ya-Hue Valerie, Margaret J. Sobkowicz, and Dongming Xie. "Recent Advances in Biological Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Wastes." Bioengineering 9, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9030098.
Full textAbstract:
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most commonly used polyester plastics worldwide but is extremely difficult to be hydrolyzed in a natural environment. PET plastic is an inexpensive, lightweight, and durable material, which can readily be molded into an assortment of products that are used in a broad range of applications. Most PET is used for single-use packaging materials, such as disposable consumer items and packaging. Although PET plastics are a valuable resource in many aspects, the proliferation of plastic products in the last several decades have resulted in a negative environmental footprint. The long-term risk of released PET waste in the environment poses a serious threat to ecosystems, food safety, and even human health in modern society. Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts. Current clean-up strategies have attempted to alleviate the adverse impacts of PET pollution but are unable to compete with the increasing quantities of PET waste exposed to the environment. In this review paper, current PET recycling methods to improve life cycle and waste management are discussed, which can be further implemented to reduce plastics pollution and its impacts on health and environment. Compared with conventional mechanical and chemical recycling processes, the biotechnological recycling of PET involves enzymatic degradation of the waste PET and the followed bioconversion of degraded PET monomers into value-added chemicals. This approach creates a circular PET economy by recycling waste PET or upcycling it into more valuable products with minimal environmental footprint.