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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Display technologie'
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Hsu, Shu-Ting. "High performance micro scanners for miniature laser projection displays." Dresden TUDpress, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996064125/04.
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Riechert, Falko. "Speckle reduction in projection systems." Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997279346/04.
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Farra, Mohamed Bassel. "L'informatique dans l'architecture : l'évolution d'un métier à travers une nouvelle technologie : révolution technique et logique historique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?display=detail&nr=1147.
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Cloutier, Sylvain. "Sélection et production de scFv contre la kallicréine humaine hK2 par la technologie du phage display." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33600.pdf.
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Osei, Awuku Kwabena. "Superantigen-like interaction of IVIG with antibody Fab fragments cloned by phage display technology." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96462785X.
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Rossner, Anna-Maria Jakobine Elisabeth [Verfasser]. "On-Slide Selektion zur Generierung spezifischer Antikörper gegen akute myeloische Leukämie mit Hilfe der Phage-Display-Technologie / Anna-Maria Jakobine Elisabeth Rossner." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172202109/34.
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Rossner, Anna-Maria [Verfasser]. "On-Slide Selektion zur Generierung spezifischer Antikörper gegen akute myeloische Leukämie mit Hilfe der Phage-Display-Technologie / Anna-Maria Jakobine Elisabeth Rossner." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172202109/34.
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Ten, Haaf Andre [Verfasser]. "On Slide Selektion auf Formalin-fixiertem und in Paraffin-eingebettetem (FFPE) Patientengewebe zur Generierung spezifischer Antikörper mittels Phage Display Technologie / Andre ten Haaf." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075454522/34.
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ten, Haaf Andre [Verfasser]. "On Slide Selektion auf Formalin-fixiertem und in Paraffin-eingebettetem (FFPE) Patientengewebe zur Generierung spezifischer Antikörper mittels Phage Display Technologie / Andre ten Haaf." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075454522/34.
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Fitting, Jenny [Verfasser]. "Generierung, Charakterisierung und Funktionalisierung rekombinanter Antikörperfragmente gegen leukämische und dendritische Zellen : Entwicklung diagnostischer und immuntherapeutischer Werkzeuge mit Hilfe der „Phage-Display“-Technologie / Jenny Fitting." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044493054/34.
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Surati, Rajeev J. (Rajeev Jayantilal). "Scalable self-calibrating display technology for seamless large-scale displays." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9705.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 1999."January 1999."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-67).
We present techniques for combining high-performance computing with feedback to enable the correction of imperfections in the alignment, optical system, and fabrication of very high-resolution display devices. The key idea relies on the measurement of relative alignment, rotation, optical distortion, and intensity gradients of an aggregated set of low-cost image display devices using a precision low cost reference. Use of the reference allows the construction of a locally correct map relating the coordinate system of the aggregate display to the coordinate systems of the individual projectors composing the display. This idea provides a new technology for linearly scalable, bright, seamless, high-resolution large-scale self-calibrating displays (seamless video walls). Such a large-scale display was constructed using the techniques described in this dissertation. Low-cost computation coupled with feedback is used to provide the precision necessary to create these displays. Digital photogrammetry and digital image warping techniques are used to make a single seamless image appear across the aggregated projection displays. The following techniques are used to improve the display quality: ** Anti-alias filtering to improve the display of high frequency in images; ** Limiting the range of displayed intensities to ones that can be displayed uniformly across all the projectors; and ** Applying intensity smoothing functions to the regions of the image that are projected in the overlapping region. These functions smoothly and gradually transition the projection among the projectors. The resultant systems demonstrate the viability of the approach by succeeding where other approaches have failed; it makes huge seamless video walls a reality.
by Rajeev J. Surati.
Ph.D.
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Lagoutte, Priscillia. "L'ingénierie protéique moderne : de l’évolution moléculaire dirigée à la conception rationnelle de biomolécules à intérêt diagnostique et vaccinal." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1160.
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L’ingénierie protéique servant autrefois à comprendre les relations structures-fonctions des protéines connait un tournant majeur depuis plusieurs années. L’ingénierie protéique évolue pour créer des nouvelles fonctions protéiques : c’est la naissance de l’ingénierie protéique moderne. L’objectif de ma thèse a consisté à mettre en place et caractériser deux approches indépendantes d’ingénierie protéique dans le domaine du vaccin et du diagnostic. Le premier projet consistait à générer des ligands protéiques à partir d‘échafaudages moléculaires (des alternatifs aux anticorps) en couplant le ribosome display au NGS et en développant des outils d’analyses bio-informatiques. Des sélections contre des cibles protéiques d’origine bactérienne et virale ont conduit à l’identification de ligands Affibodies affins (µM au nM). Leur caractérisation a validé leur potentiel comme outil de recherche et de réactif diagnostique. Ces études ont permis de valider la plateforme de génération des ligands mise en place, en augmentant l’exploration de l’espace de diversité des interactions des ligands. Le second projet portait sur le développement d’une plateforme de présentation et de vectorisation à partir de particules d’encapsuline. Elles ont été génétiquement modifiées pour présenter de manière répétée à leur surface l’ectodomaine de la protéine de matrice M2 (M2e) du virus Influenza A H1N1 tout en encapsulant une protéine hétérologue : l’eGFP. Les nanoparticules modifiées sont correctement formées et encapsulent l’eGFP. Des souris immunisées par ces particules induisent une réponse anticorps spécifique contre l’épitope M2e et l’eGFP. L’utilisation de ces nanoparticules comme plateforme vaccinale de présentation et de vectorisation est prometteuse et ouvre la voie pour d’autres applications en biotechnologieIn the past, protein engineering used to understand function and structure relationship. But since few years, protein engineering was used to create new protein functions: modern protein engineering was born. The aim of my thesis was to set up and characterize two approaches of protein engineering in diagnostic and vaccine field. The first project was to generate artificial binder using protein scaffolds as an alternative to antibodies by coupling ribosome display (RD) to NGS and developing bio-informatics tools. Screening and selection against bacterial and viral targets have led to affibody binder’s identification with an affinity range from µM to nM. Their characterization has validated their potential as research tools and protein reagents for diagnostic assay. Coupling ribosome display to high throughput sequencing as means to directly identify selected binder coding sequences, enormously enhance binder discovery depth. The second project was to generate an innovative nanocarrier based on encapsulin nanoparticle, for customized peptide display and cargo protein vectorization. Encapsulin particles from T.maritima were genetically modified for simultaneous display of the matrix protein 2 ectodomain of the influenza H1N1 A virus and heterologous protein eGFP packaging. Genetically engineered encapsulin nanoparticles were well-formed and abled to efficiently load eGFP. Immunogenicity studies revealed antibody responses against both the surface epitope and the loaded cargo protein. Taken together, this display system is a versatile tool for rational vaccine design and paves the way for new applications in the research fields of vaccine, antimicrobial research and other biotechnological applications
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Swash, Mohammad Rafiq. "Holoscopic 3D imaging and display technology : camera/processing/display." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11916.
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Holoscopic 3D imaging “Integral imaging” was first proposed by Lippmann in 1908. It has become an attractive technique for creating full colour 3D scene that exists in space. It promotes a single camera aperture for recording spatial information of a real scene and it uses a regularly spaced microlens arrays to simulate the principle of Fly’s eye technique, which creates physical duplicates of light field “true 3D-imaging technique”. While stereoscopic and multiview 3D imaging systems which simulate human eye technique are widely available in the commercial market, holoscopic 3D imaging technology is still in the research phase. The aim of this research is to investigate spatial resolution of holoscopic 3D imaging and display technology, which includes holoscopic 3D camera, processing and display. Smart microlens array architecture is proposed that doubles spatial resolution of holoscopic 3D camera horizontally by trading horizontal and vertical resolutions. In particular, it overcomes unbalanced pixel aspect ratio of unidirectional holoscopic 3D images. In addition, omnidirectional holoscopic 3D computer graphics rendering techniques are proposed that simplify the rendering complexity and facilitate holoscopic 3D content generation. Holoscopic 3D image stitching algorithm is proposed that widens overall viewing angle of holoscopic 3D camera aperture and pre-processing of holoscopic 3D image filters are proposed for spatial data alignment and 3D image data processing. In addition, Dynamic hyperlinker tool is developed that offers interactive holoscopic 3D video content search-ability and browse-ability. Novel pixel mapping techniques are proposed that improves spatial resolution and visual definition in space. For instance, 4D-DSPM enhances 3D pixels per inch from 44 3D-PPIs to 176 3D-PPIs horizontally and achieves spatial resolution of 1365 × 384 3D-Pixels whereas the traditional spatial resolution is 341 × 1536 3D-Pixels. In addition distributed pixel mapping is proposed that improves quality of holoscopic 3D scene in space by creating RGB-colour channel elemental images.
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Mphepo, Wallen. "Technologies for enabling versatile information display." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2016. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/6803/.
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The thesis work is centered on five objectives. These objectives are among the main factors in the field of electronic information display technologies. They are namely display optical efficiency, crosstalk, resolution, power consumption and switchable 2D/3D capability. The thesis findings and the different levels of success are covered in detail in chapters 4 through chapter 8. They are then summarized in discussion and conclusion chapter using measurable quantities in tabular format. Specifically, with respect to optical efficiency three different solutions were applied. The first raised optical efficiency by 60%. The second solution raised optical efficiency to 90%. The third solution eliminated the need for backlighting altogether as well as remove pixel circuitry from optical light path. With respect to image crosstalk, two solutions were applied. One method reduced crosstalk by 51% while the other method eliminated crosstalk to zero percent in the viewing zones. With respect to resolution two methods were applied. One method increased 3D display resolution by limiting the reduction of the native display resolution by only half regardless of the number of concurrent 3D viewers. The other method increased display resolution 900%. With respect to power consumption two methods were applied. The first method eliminated the need for backlighting and also reduced the number of thin film transistors [TFTs] needed by 60% for the same display resolution. The second method increased display brightness by 60% without increasing power consumption. Finally with respect to 2D/3D switchable display an optical module was designed that successfully enable a conventional 2D display to become a switchable 2D/3D display.
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Leach, Jeffrey Christopher. "LiNbO3 Waveguide Modulators: A Gateway to Realizing Holovideo Technology." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8668.
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In this dissertation, I will present the various work I have accomplished in regards to the design, simulation, and fabrication of holovideo and holodeck display technology. This includes: 1) design and analysis of a wavelength division multiplexing LiNbO3 waveguide device, 2) loss characterization and reduction (by way of reverse proton exchange) 3) design of a curved, near-eye AR display, and 4) a basis for acoustic holodeck technology (meant to service a system built from our optical devices). All these accomplishments represent, in concert, a manifestation of LiNbO3's capacity to serve as the building material central to modern holovideo displays. It is my hope that many future technologies will be built using these waveguides as their base.
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Eisenhardt, Steffen Ulrich. "Die Entwicklung einer neuen Strategie zur Herstellung von Antikörpern gegen konformationsspezifische Epitope des Leukozyten-Integrins Mac-1 (CD11b,CD18; alpha M beta 2) mittels Einzelketten-Phagen-Display-Technologie neue Möglichkeiten des funktionsspezifischen Monotorings und der Blockade der Leukozytenfunktion /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.
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Wolf, Dorothee Christine. "Modelling image quality for automotive display technologies." Thesis, Abertay University, 2014. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2aa4f499-8e94-4db4-91d0-f06bbdf87f07.
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The aim of this thesis is to link perceived image quality to physical display parameters. This is done in the context of automotive displays. Specialities of automotive display applications like high ambient lighting conditions and the necessity to access information quickly are explained. A summary of readability models relevant to automotive applications is given and the difference between readability and perceived image quality is explained. The methodology chosen to investigate perceived image quality is the Image-Quality-Circle framework by Engeldrum (2000). Engeldrum states that observers form their image quality rating by weighting the visual attributes they perceive. Visual algorithms, which can be investigated via psychometric scaling, link visual attributes to the underlying physical image parameters which are typically measure by physical instruments. The visual attributes investigated in this thesis are perceived contrast, brightness, blackness and colourfulness. Perceived contrast, brightness and blackness are derived from display luminance via the DICOM just noticeable difference (JND) scale. Colourfulness is scaled based colour gamut in the CIE1931 chromaticity diagram. It was shown that image quality rating rises with growing perceived contrast; the limiting factors are glare and perceived blackness. In colourfulness scaling a linear relationship between colour gamut and colourfulness rating was demonstrated. Higher colourfulness can compensate lower brightness in perceived image quality.
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Raine, Alexander Douglas 1977. "Real-time rendering for autostereoscopic display technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8955.
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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 42).
The Mark II autostereoscopic display system is a fully-functional demonstration of interactive stereo image display without the need for special glasses or constraints on the user' location. The computer-graphic renderer for the Mark II is a modified version of the Genesis 3D game engine that provides a fully interactive, immersive environment that highlights the capabilities of the Mark II display. While previous versions of the autostereo display were limited to pre-rendered static frames, the new version supports dynamically rendered worlds that users can fully explore. Interaction with the display can be through separate controls, or simply through the user's head motions while watching the display. New facetracking technology also provides more robust tracking and the potential for new tracking features while reducing system requirements. The entire system can also now be run by only one PC (rather than the previous two SGI workstations).
by Alexander Douglas Raine.
S.B.and M.Eng.
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Yu, Jennifer J. (Jennifer Jong-Hwa) 1980. "Improving OLED technology for displays." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45859.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-151).
Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) are brightly emissive, efficient, have fast switching speeds, and are paper-thin in format, propelling their use as an emerging flat panel display technology. However, two primary challenges prevent OLEDs from dominating the large-area display market: the extension of OLED display lifetime and development of simple, scalable fabrication techniques compatible with small molecule organic thin films. The principle contributions we report are (1) introduction and analysis of a novel optical feedback technique for extending the lifetime of OLED displays (2) the experimental demonstration and theoretical analysis of contact stamping for patterning multi-color OLED displays.
by Jennifer J. Yu.
Ph.D.
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Abebe, Mekides Assefa. "Perceptual content and tone adaptation for HDR display technologies." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2285/document.
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Les technologies de capture et d'affichage d'images ont fait un grand pas durant la dernière décennie en termes de capacités de reproduction de la couleur, de gamme de dynamique et de détails des scènes réelles. Les caméras et les écrans à large gamme de dynamique (HDR: high dynamic range) sont d'ores et déjà disponibles, offrant ainsi plus de flexibilité pour les créateurs de contenus afin de produire des scènes plus réalistes.Dans le même temps, à cause des limitations des appareils conventionnels, il existe un gap important en terme de reproduction de contenu et d'apparence colorée entre les deux technologies. Cela a accentué le besoin pour des algorithmes prenant en compte ces considérations et assurant aux créateurs de contenus une reproduction cross-média fidèle.Dans cette thèse, nous focalisons sur l'adaptation et la reproduction des contenus à gamme de dynamique standard sur des dispositifs HDR. Tout d'abord, les modèles d'apparence colorée ainsi que les opérateurs de mappage tonal inverse ont été étudiés subjectivement quant à leur fidélité couleur lors de l'expansion de contenus antérieurs. Par la suite, les attributs perceptuels de clarté, chroma et saturation ont été analysés pour des stimuli émissifs ayant des niveaux de luminance de plus hautes gammes et ce en menant une étude psychophysique basée sur la méthode de mise à l'échelle de partitions. Les résultats expérimentaux ont permis de mener à la définition d'un nouvel espace couleur HDR efficace et précis, optimisé pour les applications d'adaptation de la gamme de dynamique. Enfin, dans l'optique de récupérer les détails perdus lors de captures d'images standard et d'améliorer la qualité perçue du contenu antérieur avant d'être visualisé sur un dispositif HDR, deux approches de correction des zones surexposées ou ayant subi un écrêtage couleur ont été proposées. Les modèles et algorithmes proposés ont été évalués en comparaison avec une vérité terrain HDR, menant à la conclusion que les résultats obtenus sont plus proches des scènes réelles que les autres approches de la littératureCamera and display technologies have greatly advanced in their capacities of reproducing color, dynamic range and details of real scenes in recent years. New and powerful high dynamic range (HDR) camera and display technologies are currently available in the market and, recently, these new HDR technologies offer higher flexibility to content creators, allowing them to produce a more precise representation of real world scenes.At the same time, limitations of conventional camera and display technologies mean that there is a significant gap in terms of content and color appearance reproduction between new and existing technologies. These mismatches lead to an increased demand for appearance studies and algorithms which take such under consideration and help content creators to perform accurate cross-media reproductions.In this thesis we mainly considered the adaptation and reproduction of standard dynamic range content towards HDR displays. First, existing color appearance models and reverse tone mapping operators were subjectively studied for their color fidelity during dynamic range expansion of legacy contents. Then perceptual lightness, chroma and saturation attributes were analyzed for emissive stimuli with higher range of luminance levels using adapted psycho-visual experimental setups based on the partition scaling method. The experimental results lead to a new, more efficient and accurate HDR color space, specifically optimized for dynamic range adaptation applications. Finally, to recover lost details and enhance the visual quality of legacy content before visualizing on an HDR display, two methods for color-clipping and over-exposure correction were introduced. The models and algorithms presented, were evaluated relative to HDR ground truth content, showing that our results are closer to the real scene than can be achieved with previous methods
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Hu, Xinda. "Development Of The Depth-Fused Multi-Focal-Plane Display Technology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338957.
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Conventional stereoscopic displays present a pair of stereoscopic images on a single and fixed image plane. In consequence, these displays lack the capability of correctly rendering focus cues (i.e. accommodation and retinal blur) and may induce the discrepancy between accommodation and convergence. A number of visual artifacts associated with incorrect focus cues in stereoscopic displays have been reported, limiting the applicability of these displays for demanding applications and daily usage. Depth-fused multi-focal-plane display was proposed to create a fixed-viewpoint volumetric display capable of rendering correct or nearly-correct focus cues in a stereoscopic display through a small number of discretely placed focal planes. It effectively addresses the negative effects of conventional stereoscopic displays on depth perception accuracy and visual fatigue. In this dissertation, the fundamental design methods and considerations of depth-fused displays were refined and extended based on previous works and a high-resolution optical see-through multi-focal-plane head-mounted display enabled by state-of-the-art freeform optics was developed. The prototype system is capable of rendering nearly-correct focus cues for a large volume of 3D space extending into a depth range from 0 to 3 diopters at flicker-free speed. By incorporating freeform optics, the prototype not only achieves high quality imagery across a large 3D volume for the virtual display path but it also maintains better than 0.5 arcminutes visual resolution of the see-through view. The optical design, implementation and experimental validation of the display are presented and discussed in detail.
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Smith, Lisa Min-yi Chen. "Display computers." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3829.
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A Display Computer (DC) is an everyday object: Display Computer = Display +
Computer. The ÂDisplay part is the standard viewing surface found on everyday
objects that conveys information or art. The ÂComputer is found on the same everyday
object; but by its ubiquitous nature, it will be relatively unnoticeable by the DC user, as
it is manufactured Âin the marginsÂ. A DC may be mobile, moving with us as part of the
everyday object we are using. DCs will be ubiquitous: Âeffectively invisibleÂ, available
at a glance, and seamlessly integrated into the environment. A DC should be an example
of WeiserÂs calm technology: encalming to the user, providing peripheral awareness
without information overload. A DC should provide unremarkable computing in support
of our daily routines in life. The nbaCub (nightly bedtime ambient Cues utility buddy)
prototype illustrates a sample application of how DCs can be useful in the everyday
environment of the home of the future. Embedding a computer into a toy, such that the
display is the only visible portion, can present many opportunities for seamless and nontraditional
uses of computing technology for our youngest user community. A field
study was conducted in the home environment of a five-year old child over ten
consecutive weeks as an informal, proof of concept of what Display Computers for
children can look like and be used for in the near future. The personalized nbaCub
provided lightweight, ambient information during the necessary daily routines of
preparing for bed (evening routine) and preparing to go to school (morning routine). To
further understand the childÂs progress towards learning abstract concepts of time
passage and routines, a novel Âtest by design activity was included. Here, the role of
the subject changed to primary designer/director. Final post-testing showed the subject knew both morning and bedtime routines very well and correctly answered seven of
eight questions based on abstract images of time passage. Thus, the subject was in the
process of learning the more abstract concept of time passage, but was not totally
comfortable with the idea at the end of the study.
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Li, Yi. "Antibody engineering studies using filamentous bacteriophage display technology." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35325.
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The work described here uses phage antibodies (PhAbs), combining site-directed mutagensis and molecular modelling to explore a number aspects of phage antibody engineering. In one study the characteristics of a phage-displayed multi-functional fusion protein were investigated. Bi-functional fusion proteins of staphylococcal IgG binding protein and a single chain Fv antibody (scFv) were displayed on the phage surface. Both moieties functioned although position in the fusion affected function. The protein A moiety of the displayed bi-functional protein provides an affinity handle to facilitate detection and purification of antibody fragments. The anti-hen egg lysozyme monoclonal antibody, HyHEL-10, has been a focus for studies antibody structure-function relationships. This antibody was used in the production and display on bacteriophage of a hybrid scFv which contained the light chain variable region of HyHEL-10 and the heavy chain variable region of a structurally-related but functionally distinct antibody, ASS 2. By using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, complementary determining region (CDR) grafting and molecular modelling, a number of contact and non- contact residues that are important in determining the affinity of HyHEL-10 for lysozyme were identified. An important application of phage technology is in the creation of natural or synthetic antibody repertoires. A semisynthetic library was created by randomisation of heavy chain CDR3 of AS32 and antibody fragments with new specificities were selected from it. In a separate study using the "single pot" PhAb library (Nissim et al, 1994), to pan against intact germlings of the fungal plant parasite Phytophthora infestans and a peptide-BSA conjugate, two populations of antibodies were selected which recognised surface located epitopes of intact P. infestans and the peptide conjugate respectively. The surface location and distribution of the cognate epitopes of the anti-P. infestans PhAbs were confirmed by electron microscopy or fluorescence microscopy using rhodamine labelled PhAbs, illustrating the use of fluorescent PhAbs as immunolocalisation reagents.
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Sabbaghian, Nader 1969. "Product development process capture & display using web-based technologies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80590.
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Meng, Zhiguo. "Metal-induced unilaterally crystallized polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor technology and application to flat-panel displays /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202002%20MENG.
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Wu, Xiaosong. "A reconfigurable tactile display based on polymer MEMS technology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22623.
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This research focuses on the development of polymer microfabrication technologies for the realization of two major components of a pneumatic tactile display: a microactuator array and a complementary microvalve (control) array. The concept, fabrication, and characterization of a kinematically-stabilized polymeric microbubble actuator (¡°endoskeletal microbubble actuator¡±) were presented. A systematic design and modeling procedure was carried out to generate an optimized geometry of the corrugated diaphragm to satisfy membrane deflection, force, and stability requirements set forth by the tactile display goals.
A refreshable Braille cell as a tactile display prototype has been developed based on a 2x3 endoskeletal microbubble array and an array of commercial valves. The prototype can provide both a static display (which meets the displacement and force requirement of a Braille display) and vibratory tactile sensations. Along with the above capabilities, the device was designed to meet the criteria of lightness and compactness to permit portable operation. The design is scalable with respect to the number of tactile actuators while still being simple to fabricate.
In order to further reduce the size and cost of the tactile display, a microvalve array can be integrated into the tactile display system to control the pneumatic fluid that actuates the microbubble actuator. A piezoelectrically-driven and hydraulically-amplified polymer microvalve has been designed, fabricated, and tested. An incompressible elastomer was used as a solid hydraulic medium to convert the small axial displacement of a piezoelectric actuator into a large valve head stroke while maintaining a large blocking force. The function of the microvalve as an on-off switch for a pneumatic microbubble tactile actuator was demonstrated. To further reduce the cost of the microvalve, a laterally-stacked multilayer PZT actuator has been fabricated using diced PZT multilayer, high aspect ratio SU-8 photolithography, and molding of electrically conductive polymer composite electrodes.
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Yeung, Fion Sze Yan. "Bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display using photoalignment technology /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202004%20YEUNG.
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Lee, Brian. "Novel technology for the low temperature fabrication of TFTs on glass." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268181.
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Ya, Wen, and Yihan Xing. "3D Product Display in eCommerce websites : Study on the impact of 3D product display for the online user experience." Thesis, Jönköping University, Tekniska Högskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53339.
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De, Leon Ellen Jane Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Engineering antibodies against complex platelet antigens using phage display technology." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/37009.
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Platelets are small anucleate cell fragments found in blood whose physiological role is important in maintaining haemostasis. In vivo, platelet surface glycoproteins mediate the mechanistic roles of platelets, and polymorphic changes to these glycoproteins have been observed to have significant effects on the platelet cellular function and such changes may include over-expression, under-expression and antigenicity of the protein. Human platelet antigens (HPA) are a result of polymorphic differences in platelet surface glycoproteins which have been found to be variably expressed in the population. Foetal maternal alloimmune thrombocytopaenia (FMAIT) is a condition that is observed in the unborn foetus and neonates due to HPA incompatibility between the mother and the foetus. HPA incompatibility accounts for a majority of severe thrombocytopaenic cases in neonates, and delayed diagnosis and treatment of such a condition often lead to intracranial haemorrhage. The risk in neonates diagnosed with FMAIT becomes increasingly significant in cases where intra-uterine (during pregnancy) platelet transfusion is the only effective therapeutic option. There are currently no antenatal screening programs for this condition, and laboratory diagnosis of FMAIT relies on the detection of maternal alloantibodies and parental HPA typing. For these reasons a significant amount of research is currently being invested into the isolation of recombinant antibodies with specific reactivity against FMAIT-related platelet antigens. Stable and specific recombinant platelet antibodies have great potential as a diagnostic agent in antenatal screening and broad-scale HPA typing of blood donors for platelet transfusion. Further characterisation of the isolated antibody may lead to a possible therapeutic agent. Studies by previous researchers have shown that the traditional methods (ie. Mouse monoclonal and EBV transformation) of obtaining monoclonal antibodies against FMAIT-related antigens have proven unsuccessful. The continuing progress in the discipline of phage display has produced several novel antibodies against self and non-self antigens. A further advantage in the application of phage display technology for the isolation of novel antibodies is the easy transition from bacterial to mammalian expression for the characterisation of glycosylated antibodies. The main focus of this project was to create and isolate a recombinant human anti-HPA-3a antibody using phage display for its possible application as a therapeutic or diagnostic agent.
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Yang, Tao. "Effects of display position on guided repair and maintenance assisted by head-mounted display (HMD)." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53619.
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Over the last few years, there have been striking developments in wearable computing. Among all the different forms of wearable devices, Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) are deemed the first seamless solution to enabling workers with real time contextual information and allowing companies to integrate with existing back-end systems. The hands-free feature that come along with the HMDs is also believed a great advantage over many traditional technologies.
However, few studies had discussed the impact of different design characteristics of head mounted displays on task performance. This study aimed to find out how different display positions of Head Mounted Displays may affect the performance of workers performing guided repair and maintenance tasks. A set of car maintenance tasks were performed by 20 participants with task guidance presented at four Display Conditions: above-eye HMD, eye-centered HMD, below-eye HMD and the traditional paper manual. Time and errors were measured and discussed, as well as other user experience related measurements.
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Orr, Emily Marshall. "Designing display in the department store : techniques, technologies, and professionalization, 1880-1920." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2017. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/2775/.
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Between 1880 and 1920 displays in leading department stores reached an unprecedented level of artistic and commercial ambition that required professional skill, engaged with technology, earned consumer attention, and provided distinction between stores. Merchandise arrangements conveyed technical proficiency and innovation specific to the retail setting while their form and content were also in conversation with current events, art, urban life, and popular culture. This thesis explores the making, viewing, and meanings of display. Discussion will be framed around the following questions: What role did display design play in the development of department stores in Chicago, New York and London at the turn of the twentieth century and how can the impact and significance of display be identified in the stores’ material and visual cultures? Drawing from a diverse range of unexplored primary resources and archives, this thesis reveals a set of previously underrepresented design roles, tools, and techniques of display production in the practice of architects, window dressers, shopfitters, and interior decorators who employed manual and mechanical methods to create displays that were on constant view and in continual flux. In this newly changeable retail environment, display’s alignment with fin-de-siècle modernity is explored through the themes of speed, variation, fragmentation, rationalization, and theatricality. Overall this thesis analyzes how display achieved an agency to transform everyday objects into commodities and to make consumers out of passersby.
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Minter, Ralph. "Development of antibody technology to identify natural killer cell surface antigens in Xenopus laevis." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4598/.
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Natural killer (NK)-like lymphocytes have recently been identified in thymectomised (Tx) Xenopus which are capable of spontaneous cytotoxicity towards the MHC- deficient, allogeneic thymus tumour cell line B(_3)B(_7). This Thesis describes attempts to raise antibodies to Xenopus NK cell surface antigens by phage display and hybridoma technology. The phage display technique was optimised for raising antibodies to novel, cellular antigens in a trial run using the Xenopus thymus tumour cell line B(_3)B(_7). Having isolated a phage antibody which was shown by flow cytometry to bind B(_3)B(_7) cells, the technique was then used to try and raise antibodies to Xenopus NK cells. Isolation of an NIC-specific phage antibody was not achieved but phage antibody XL-6 was raised, which bound an antigen on Xenopus lymphocytes. Phage antibody XL-6, and soluble scFv derived from this, were able to identify a putative mature T cell population in the thymus and may be specific for an amphibian homologue of the mammalian leukocyte common antigen CD45. Hybridoma technology was used to isolate three monoclonal antibodies, 1F8, 4D4 and 1G5, which were shown by flow cytometric analysis to identify a putative NK cell population in control and Tx Xenopus. Following immunomagnetic purification, 1F8- positive spleen cells from control and Tx animals were shown to kill the MHC- deficient tumour target B(_3)B(_7), confirming that this antibody was specific for Xenopus NK cells. Western blotting experiments showed that 1F8, 4D4 and 1G5 identified a doublet of protein bands at 72 and 74 kilodaltons in Xenopus gut lymphoid lysates. Initial attempts to isolate cDNA encoding a Xenopus NK cell surface antigen through immunoscreening a xenopus gut cDNA expression library with antibody 1G5 were unsuccessful as was an attempt to clone a Xenopus homologue of the mammalian NK receptor NKR-Pl by PGR.
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Vukovic, Peter. "Antibody mediated immunity against malaria and application of phage display technology /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17130.pdf.
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Speight, Robert Edward. "The development of a new plasmid display technology for functional genomics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621851.
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Wang, Kun. "Stereoscopic 3D Video Quality of Experience : impact of coding, transmission and display technologies." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för data- och systemvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19044.
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Three-Dimensional (3D) videos are using their success from cinema to home entertainmentmarkets such as TV, DVD, Blu-ray, video games, etc. The video quality isa key factor which decides the success and acceptance of a new service. Visual qualitywill have more severe consequences for 3D than for 2D videos, e.g. eye-strain,headache and nausea.This thesis addresses the stereoscopic 3D video quality of experience that can beinfluenced during the 3D video distribution chain, especially in relation to coding,transmission and display stages. The first part of the thesis concentrates upon the3D video coding and transmission quality over IP based networks. 3D video codingand transmission quality has been studied from the end-users’ point of view byintroducing different 3D video coding techniques, transmission error scenarios anderror concealment strategies. The second part of the thesis addresses the displayquality characterization. Two types of major consumer grade 3D stereoscopic displayswere investigated: glasses with active shutter (SG) technology based display,and those with passive polarization technology (film patterned retarder,FPR) baseddisplay.Themain outcomes can be summarized in three points: firstly the thesis suggeststhat a spatial down-sampling processworking togetherwith high quality video compressingis a efficient means of encoding and transmitting stereoscopic 3D videoswith an acceptable quality of experience. Secondly, this thesis has found that switchingfrom 3D to 2D is currently the best error concealment method for concealingtransmission errors in the 3D videos. Thirdly, this thesis has compared three majorvisual ergonomic parameters of stereoscopic 3D display system: crosstalk, spatialresolution and flicker visibility. The outcomes of the thesis may be of benefit for 3Dvideo industries in order to improve their technologies in relation to delivering abetter 3D quality of experience to customers.Realistic 3D
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Huber, Adrian. "A novel technology for the selection of endopeptidases based on phage display /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13747.
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Stark, Patrik, and Daniel Westling. "OLED : Evaluation and clarification of the new Organic Light Emitting Display technology." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1180.
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Organic Light Emitting Displays (OLEDs) are a new type of thin emissive displays predicted to possess superior properties to existing techniques e.g. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The main advantages are low power consumption and a thin display structure. This report contains an explanation of the emissive OLED technology, its functionality and the physics of the organic layer structure in an OLED. The technology is described with respect to the two classes of organic materials used in displays, small molecules and conjugated polymers.
The information is derived from a study of literature and from different measurements performed on a full-colour OLED microdisplay, based on colour filters. The evaluation of the OLED revealed the main disadvantage of an unsatisfactory lifetime of approximately only one week. The results of the measurements and study are furthermore compared to the traditional LCD technology.
A conclusion with the advantages and drawbacks with the OLED technology summarises the report together with a short analysis of the future for OLEDs, partly achieved through a written enquiry sent to approximately 20 possible OLED manufactures.
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Hartley, O. "Using the loxP/Cre site-specific recombination system in phage display technology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603815.
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A technique for highly efficient combinatorial transformation of heavy and light chain repertoires (combinatorial infection and in vivo recombination) was used to create a phage antibody library of previously unattainable diversity (6.5 x 1010). From this library, antibody fragments of high affinity (up to 3 nM) were isolated directly, providing experimental proof of the value of large repertoires. Subsequently a peptide display library was designed by analogy, where repertoires of ten residue 'exons' were employed in place of antibody genes. Combinatorial infection and in vivo recombination was used in the creation of a highly diverse (>1011) combinatorial peptide library. From this library peptide ligands with exquisite specificity for several proteins were isolated. The useful diversity of large combinatorial phage antibody repertoires is limited by the number of phage which can be accommodated in the panning technique. Extra diversity can be sampled by re-pairing the heavy chain gene of a single selected clone with the original input light chain gene repertoire, or vice versa. The variants can then be reselected to isolate antibodies with improved affinities. A model '3-lox' phage system was developed in which heavy and light chain genes could be shuffled efficiently and independently of each other. This system could now be used to generate large phage-antibody libraries, and should permit rapid shuffling and re-selection of either chain in selected antibodies. A further use for the diversity provided by combinatorial infection and in vivo recombination was then envisaged. A phage display vector was designed into which every element of an antibody repertoire could be shuffled with every element of a library encoding antigens.
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Kim, LeeAnn. "Deposition of colloidal quantum dots by microcontact printing for LED display technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37207.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84).
This thesis demonstrates a new deposition method of colloidal quantum dots within a quantum dot organic light-emitting diode (QD-LED). A monolayer of quantum dots is microcontact printed as small as 20 ,Lm lines as well as millimeter scale planes, and the resulting devices show quantum efficiencies as high as 1.2% and color saturation superior to previous QD-LEDs'. Through a modification of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp with a parylene-C coating, quantum dots solvated in chloroform were successfully inked and stamped onto various substrates, including different molecular organic layers. The ability to control the placement and the pattern of the quantum dots independently from underlying organic layers provides a new level of performance in QD-LEDs, increasing the possibility of QD-LED displays.
by LeeAnn Kim.
M.Eng.
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Bangor, Aaron W. "Display Technology and Ambient Illumination Influences on Visual Fatigue at VDT Workstations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26376.
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The concept of "visual fatigue" has been studied for 70 years or more. In that time, no single metric of measuring visual fatigue nor one agreed-upon set of tasks to induce visual fatigue has been settled upon. Not even a robust definition of visual fatigue has been established. This research worked to solve some of those problems.
This research first set out to develop an index of visual fatigue that could be used effectively in quantifying the subjective experience of visual fatigue. Then it sought to create a set of measurable tasks, representative of office work, that would induce visual fatigue. Taking these two developments, an experiment using human participants was conducted to validate these developments and work toward solving two issues in the visual fatigue field: how visual display technology and ambient illumination affect the onset of visual fatigue. A 4x4 within-subjects design was developed and executed to study how these two independent variables affected ratings of visual fatigue, performance on the task battery, subjective image quality judgments, and contrast sensitivity shifts.
Two cathode ray tube (CRT) and two active-matrix LCD (AMLCD) monitors were used in this study. While many instances of the monitors as a whole caused significant differences in reports of visual fatigue, performance, subjective image quality, and contrast sensitivity loss, only a slight effect of display technology was found. Four of eleven visual fatigue and two of eight subjective image quality dimensions showed that the LCD monitors induced more visual fatigue and were rated poorer than the CRT monitors.
Ambient illumination levels of 0, 300, 600, and 1200 lux affected all four groups of dependent variables. On the whole, lighting caused visual fatigue, with "watery eyes" and "glare from lights" being adversely affected by brighter lighting. The 0 and 1200 lux were associated with the worst performance, while 300 lux was associated with the best performance. Subjective image quality was affected by lighting, with increasing lighting causing bothersome screen reflections and more temporal (e.g., flicker and jitter) distortions; 600 lux induced more reports of image sizing anomalies. Finally, it caused significantly worse shifts at the 6.0 c/deg spatial frequency on the contrast sensitivity test. The data show that lighting of 300 lux is the best of these four illumination levels.
The results of this study not only contribute to the body of research in the areas of display technology and ambient illumination, but several developments of this research are offered to the research community: a complete survey metric of visual fatigue, a standardized battery of tasks for studying visual fatigue and image quality, and a comprehensive subjective image quality survey.Ph. D.
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Künzel, Franziska. "Generierung von Antikörper-Bibliotheken und Selektion von Antikörpern gegen die Integrine αvβ5 und α5β1 mittels Phagen-Display-Technologie." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AF49-B.
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Künzel, Franziska [Verfasser]. "Generierung von Antikörper-Bibliotheken und Selektion von Antikörpern gegen die Integrine αvβ5 [Alpha v Beta 5] und αβ1 [Alpha 5 Beta 1] mittels Phagen-Display-Technologie / vorgelegt von Franziska Künzel." 2008. http://d-nb.info/999485571/34.
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Piskáčková, Klára. "Vnímání textu z tištěné předlohy a obrazovky." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352676.
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(in English): This thesis is conceived as a metareview of research on differences in perception, understanding and retention of text on various display media. It summarizes the results of the most interesting and most relevant research on this topic conducted since the 80s to the present. Even though it is difficult to summarize the results of individual studies, mainly because of differences in research methodology and differently chosen tested samples, we can say that the main finding of this metareview is that display technologies that are available these days have no negative effect on eye fatigue, reading speed, perception, understanding or retention of text. Theoretical part of this thesis is followed by practical part that consists of three short experiments performed on a small sample of participants. First of those experiments studies differences in reading comprehension and retention among high school students, second experiment focuses on differences in reading speed on different media and subjective evaluation of eye fatigue, and the third experiment is an online form about subjective preferences of study materials among learners.
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Lin, Jin-yao, and 林經堯. "Advanced Multi-touch Interactive Display Technology." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35798498093229906560.
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博士國立臺灣大學
資訊網路與多媒體研究所
102
In the thesis I try to discuss the next step of multi-touch technologies. Three approaches are discussed and implementations are made to demonstrate the concept. iM-tube, an interactive multi-touch cylindrical display to extend the multi-touch function to non flat surfaces. Second, we can extend the small multi-touch devices and stitch them into one big interactive display. iM-match makes it easy to stitch screens and perform multi-touch task among different devices. We also developed a SDK to experiment the study. It supports different multi-touch mobile devices, resolutions, and platforms. iM-stage enable artists to perform multi-touch on a tablet which could conduct the multimedia effects on the stage. It is created to help artist to create their performance and manage all the effects as an intuitive tool.
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高盟超. "A Technology Roadmap for 3D Display." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03945226544782956893.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院科技管理學程
99
3D displays and 3D video signal processing are getting more and more interests in nowadays. Many kinds of 3D displays are flourishing and improving stereo effects of the realistic applications. Among multifarious 3D technologies, how the related industries to find out the most competitive technology under conditions of limited research and development resources has become a significant issue. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to use technology roadmap as a technology strategic planning tool of 3D display industry, and take C firm as research target in the display industry. Methods of this research through literature review and conference discussions to evaluate and analyze the main applications, function items, functional attributes, technology gaps, technology milestone and finally conclude the technology roadmap that can serve as suggestions to be used for companies’ R&D strategy. The research concludes that 3D display market will move forward to consumer electronics, digital signage and industrial applications. 3D technology will focus on display panel’s core technologies such as glasses-free type 3D and 2D/3D switching by liquid crystal or backlight system. The study at last provides the procedure and modification of 3D technology roadmap in order to attain some academic and empirical benefits.
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Hsiao, Jyh-Ren, and 蕭智仁. "The troubleshooting technology ofliquid crystal display." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x5j488.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
光電工程系光電與材料科技碩士班
105
In this study, we used the LCD Monitor and LCD TV to fixed.In the family ofTaiwan,the family often used the LCD monitor and LCD TV are very popular products, respectively: LCD (CCFLbacklight: cold cathode tube)and LED (LED back light:light-emitting diode)to illustrations way, the use of commercially available tools and instruments and parts,so when the customers used a long time latter, some broke question were fund out,so we were found to some RMA solation,and fixed,solve the broke LCD to restore work.
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Yang, Lee-Yi, and 楊禮懌. "Corning Display Technologies Commercial Strategy Analysis in Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99132651226200034915.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院高階主管管理碩士學程
103
This study is to investigate the company after Taiwan Corning Display Glass LCD industry in Taiwan and display glass industry entered a mature stage direction for company operations and strategy for analysis; transfer from the territory of the whole panel factory to locate Taiwan panel makers from Taiwan Corning History to cater to big environmental changes in response to strategic planning, display glass industry from the past to the present oligopoly characteristic strong competition from China, from macroscopic to microscopic, with a view to guiding the future direction of Taiwan Corning display glass. Induction can be learned from the results of the study, although the industry matured, the company operating difficulties must bottleneck, however, through tools such as the five forces analysis and SWOT analysis to look at the current location, play to their strengths to improve weaknesses, seize opportunities to reduce the threat, coupled with excellent management skills, and innovation ability, I believe that will be re-entered the Red Sea before the discovery of new blue ocean, creating another opportunity for growth in Taiwan Corning achieve the ultimate goal of sustainable development of enterprises!
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Li, Min-chen, and 李旻宸. "Porcine progesterone detection through phage display technology." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11796410341338900113.
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碩士國立高雄大學
生物科技研究所
100
Raising the efficiency of pig-breeding is a major point to increase the economy of pig farm. Several studies showed that the concentration of progesterone in blood was a crucial factor used to determine the pregnancy or not in sow. After embryo implantation, the concentration of this hormone stably rises and keeps in a high level to maintain a suitable environment for embryo development until delivery. It is significantly different with the non-pregnant sow that influenced by estrogen and returned to estrous leading to the decrease of progesterone concentration. Therefore, progesterone was used as a diagnostic marker, and analyzed it with phage display technology to evaluate its potential of replacing the antibody against progesterone and facilitating the development of diagnostic kit. Western blot analysis showed that the molecular weight of progesterone-3-O-CMO-BSA conjugate was 68.4 kDa. It indicated that progesterone was conjugated onto BSA successfully. After 2 rounds of biopanning with ph.D.-C7C and ph.D.-7 phage display peptide libraries and removing the phages bind to BSA, the residual numbers of phage were 315 pfu and 175 pfu, respectively. Several phages were randomly selected, amplified, purified and then assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and dot blot analysis to evaluate their binding affinity to progesterone. Several phages with high binding affinity were selected for DNA sequences analyses and deduced into amino acid sequences. Three consensus sequences were found after sequences alignment. Moreover, several selected sequences were found corresponding to the progesterone receptor (PGR) of porcine (NP_001159960) and progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) of porcine (NP_999076) deposited in NCBI database. These phages were assayed with pure progesterone, it showed that phage C7C-74 and D7-19 have higher affinity and specificity to progesterone and their sequences were corresponding to the ligand biding site of porcine PGR. In conclusion, the selected phages have the potential for the development of diagnostic kit in porcine pregnancy detection.
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Earnshaw, Rae A. "Visual Representations and Interaction Technologies." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7307.
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NoThis chapter discusses important aspects of visual representations and interaction techniques necessary to support visual analytics. It covers five primary topics. First, it addresses the need for scientific principles for depicting information. Next, it focuses on methods for interacting with visualizations and considers the opportunities available given recent developments in input and display technologies. Third, it addresses the research and technology needed to develop new visual paradigms that support analytical reasoning. Then, it discusses the impact of scale issues on the creation of effective visual representations and interactions. Finally, it considers alternative ways to construct visualization systems more efficiently