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Guo, Tianle. "Experimental and theoretical studies of the effects of buoyancy forces on liquid/liquid displacement processes in porous media." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26121.pdf.
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Laskowska, Monika. "A State in Which The Opposing Forces Are Not Equal And Don’t Cancel Out Each Other." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1344798482.
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Makarchuk, Stanislaw. "Measurement of cell adhesion forces by holographic microscopy." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE034/document.
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Les forces mécaniques, générées par la cellule jouent un rôle crucial dans l'adhésion cellulaire, qui est un processus commun à un grand nombre de lignées cellulaires. Afin de mesurer la champ des forces pendant l'adhérence cellulaire, nous utilisons la microscopie de force de traction, où la cellule adhère à la surface plane d'un substrat souple dans le plan. Les forces sont calculées à partir du champ de déplacement mesuré à l'intérieur du substrat sous la cellule. Nous avons construit le microscope, dans lequel nous utilisons des billes sphériques en polystyrène pour mesurer le champ de déplacement. Les positions des marqueurs sont obtenues en analysant I' image interférentielle des particules. Avec cette technique, nous atteignons une précision nanométrique sur le champ de déplacement des particules, ce qui nous permet d'améliorer la résolution en force de ce type de microscope. Les premières mesures ont été effectuées avec la lignée de cellules cancéreuses SW 480Mechanical forces, generated by the cell plays crucial role in cell adhesion - common process for different cell lines. ln order to measure the force map during cellular adhesion, we use Traction Force Microscopy (TFM), where cell adheres to the soft substrate in 20 plane, and the forces are calculated from measured displacement field inside the substrate underneath the cell. We built the microscope, where instead of using fluorescent markers, we use spherical polystyrene beads in order to measure the displacement field. Positions of the markers are obtained by analyzing the interference pattern caused by the beads in bright-field light. With this technique, we reach nanometer accuracy of the microsphere position determination, that, respectively, influence accuracy of the calculated force field. With the microscope first measurements were performed with cancer cell line SW 480
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McClellan, Nathaniel Richard. ""An ex vivo model to evaluate the effect of cyclical adductory forces on maintenance of arytenoid abduction after prosthetic laryngoplasty performed with and without mechanical arytenoid abduction"." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1334347534.
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Kabalan, Bachar. "Dynamique des foules : modélisation du mouvement des piétons et forces associées engendrées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1126/document.
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Que ce soit dans une rue commerçante, un supermarché ou un aéroport, les phénomènes de foule sont incontournables et nous affecte au quotidien. Elle constitue un système complexe dont la dynamique collective, résultant des interactions individuelles, est difficile à appréhender et a toujours intrigué les scientifiques de différents domaines. Grâce au progrès technologique, il est aujourd'hui possible de modéliser les mouvements de foule et de les reproduire en simulation. Les simulations de mouvement de foule permettent aux chercheurs de plusieurs disciplines, comme les sciences sociales ou la biomécanique, de mieux étudier et comprendre les mouvements des piétons et leurs interactions. Quant aux sciences de la sécurité et du transport, ils y voient des applications concrètes comme le développement de modèles de foule capables de simuler l'évacuation d'un lieu public de moyenne ou de forte affluence, afin que les futures constructions ou aménagements publics puissent offrir une qualité de sécurité et de service optimale pour les usagers. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons travaillé sur le perfectionnement du modèle discret proposé et développé par l'équipe dynamique du laboratoire Navier. Dans ce modèle, les actions et les décisions de chaque piéton sont traitées individuellement. Trois aspects du modèle ont été traités dans cette thèse. Le premier concerne la navigation des piétons vers leurs destinations. Dans notre modèle, un piéton est représenté par une particule ayant une direction et une allure souhaitées. Cette direction est obtenue par la résolution d'une équation eikonale. La solution de cette équation permet d'obtenir un champ de vitesses qui attribue à chaque piéton, en fonction de sa position, une direction vers sa destination. La résolution de l'équation une fois ou à une période quelconque donne la stratégie du chemin le plus court ou le plus rapide respectivement. Les effets des deux stratégies sur la dynamique collective de la foule sont comparés. Le deuxième consiste à gérer le comportement des piétons. Après avoir choisi son chemin, un piéton doit interagir avec l'environnement (obstacles, topologie, ...) et les autres piétons. Nous avons réussi à intégrer trois types de comportement dans notre modèle: (i) la poussée en utilisant une approche originale, basée sur la théorie des collisions des corps rigides dans un cadre thermodynamique rigoureux, (ii) le passage agressif (forcer son chemin) modélisé par une force sociale répulsive et (iii) l'évitement ``normal'' en adoptant une approche cognitive basée sur deux heuristiques. Les performances des trois méthodes ont été comparées pour plusieurs critères. Le dernier aspect concerne la validation et la vérification du modèle. Nous avons réalisé une étude de sensibilité et validé le modèle qualitativement et quantitativement. À l'aide d'un plan d'expérience numérique nous avons réussi à identifier les paramètres d'entrée ayant les effets principaux sur les résultats du modèle. De plus, nous avons trouvé les différentes interactions entre ces paramètres. En ce qui concerne la validation qualitative, nous avons réussi à reproduire plusieurs phénomènes d'auto-organisation. Enfin, nous avons testé la capacité de notre modèle à reproduire des résultats expérimentaux issus de la littérature. Nous avons choisi le cas du goulot d'étranglement. Les résultats du modèle et ceux de l'expérience ont été comparés. Ce modèle de foule a également été appliqué à l'acheminement des piétons dans la gare de Noisy-Champs. L'objectif de cette application est d'estimer le temps de stationnement des trains dans la gareCrowds are present almost everywhere and affect several aspects of our lives. They are considered to be on of the most complex systems whose dynamics, resulting from individual interactions and giving rise to fascinating phenomena, is very difficult to understand and have always intrigued experts from various domains. The technological advancement, especially in computer performance, has allowed to model and simulate pedestrian movement. Research from different disciplines, such as social sciences and bio-mechanics, who are interested in studying crowd movement and pedestrian interactions were able to better examine and understand the dynamics of the crowd. Professionals from architects and transport planners to fire engineers and security advisors are also interested in crowd models that would help them to optimize the design and operation of a facility. In this thesis, we have worked on the imporvement of a discrete crowd model developed by the researchers from the dynamics group in Navier laboratory. In this model, the actions and decisions taken by each individual are treated. In its previous version, the model was used to simulate urgent evacuations. Three main aspects of the model were addressed in this thesis. The first one concerns pedestrian navigation towards a final destination. In our model, a pedestrian is represented by a disk having a willingness to head to a certain destination with a desired direction and a desired speed. A desired direction is attributed to each pedestrian, depending on his position from the exit, from a floor field that is obtained by solving the eikonal equation. Solving this equation a single time at the beginning of the simulation or several times at during the simulation allows us to obtain the shortest path or the fastest path strategy respectively. The influence of the two strategies on the collective dynamics of the crowds is compared. The second one consists of managing pedestrian-pedestrian interactions. After having chosen his/her direction according to one of the available strategies, a pedestrian is bound to interact with other pedestrians present on the chosen path. We have integrated three pedestrian behaviors in our model: (i) pushing by using an original approach based on the theory of rigid body collisions in a rigorous thermodynamics context, (ii) forcing one's way by introducing a social repulsive force and (iii) "normal" avoidance by using a cognitive approach based on two heuristics. The three methods are compared for different criteria. The last aspect is the validation and verification of the model. We have performed a sensibility study and validated the model qualitatively and quantitatively. Using a numerical experimental plan, we identified the input parameters that are the most statistically significant and estimated the effects of their interactions. Concerning qualitative validation, we showed that our model is able to reproduce several self-organization phenomena such as lane formation. Finally, our model was validated quantitatively for the case of a bottleneck. The experimental results are very close to the ones obtained from simulations. The model was also applied to pedestrian movement in the Noisy-Champs train station. The objective of the study was to estimate the train dwell time. The simulation results were similar to the observations
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Schmidt, Joachim, and Wolfgang Bechmann. "Zur Anwendung des Skalarprodukts von Kraft und Weg auf reversible Prozesse (Druck-Volumen-Änderung, Dehnung, Elektrostatische Wechselwirkung, Hub) : die Verwendung äußerer oder systemimmanenter Kräfte." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6973/.
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Wir schlagen einen allgemein anwendbaren Algorithmus vor, der unter Verwendung des Skalarprodukts von Kraft und Weg zum richtigen Vorzeichen in den Gleichungen für die Arbeit und die Potentielle Energie bei reversiblen Prozessen (Druck-Volumen-Änderung, Dehnung, Elektrostatische Wechselwirkung, Hub)führt. Wir zeigen, dass es dabei möglich ist, systemimmanente oder externe Kräfte zu benutzen. Wir zeigen, dass bei Verwendung von systemimmanenten Kräften das Skalarprodukt mit negativem Vorzeichen anzusetzen ist. Zudem ist es sehr wichtig, nötige Vorzeichenwechsel bei den einzelnen Schritten zu beachten. Wir betonen dies, weil gelegentlich übersehen wird, dass ein Vorzeichenwechsel nötig ist, wenn das Wegdifferential ds durch das Höhendifferential dh beziehungsweise durch das Abstandsdifferential dx oder dr ersetzt werden muss.
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Meier, Amrei [Verfasser]. "Forced Displacement and Development in Host Countries - Resilience as New Concept for Dealing with Situations of Forced Displacement? / Amrei Meier." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1231911190/34.
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Antonio, Sergio Francisco Dela. "Estudo da sobrecarga dinamica em caminões por meio de medições diretamente no veiculo." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263951.
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Orientador: Auteliano Antunes dos Santos JrDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T19:38:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio_SergioFranciscoDela_M.pdf: 2654431 bytes, checksum: a9d019fe7f3a17bc52fb361d8113f727 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: As cargas dinâmicas que ocorrem em veículos de carga quando estes estão em movimento, são fortemente responsáveis pela deterioração precoce do piso asfáltico das rodovias e logradouros no Brasil. Também são umas das principais responsáveis pelo desgaste excessivo e prematuro dos componentes do veículo. Estes dois fatores fazem com que os custos de transporte rodoviário no Brasil, de mercadorias e bens, fiquem mais elevados. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar uma metodologia para medir as cargas dinâmicas que ocorrem em veículos de carga. Na metodologia proposta, utilizou-se a própria suspensão do veículo como parte do sistema de medição, no caso, veículos com suspensão com feixes de molas. O sistema de medida das cargas dinâmicas é composto pelos feixes de molas e um transdutor de deslocamento. Gerou-se a curva de resposta do feixe de molas com relação aos deslocamentos ocorridos através da aplicação das cargas. Após os estudos preliminares, implantou-se este sistema na suspensão dianteira de um veículo de carga de porte médio. Estimaram-se as cargas dinâmicas em várias condições de piso com o veículo carregado, a partir dos deslocamentos medidos. Os resultados mostram que o sistema funcionou satisfatoriamente, e foi possível quantificar os níveis de cargas dinâmicas ocorridas em casos mais críticos. O maior nível encontrado foi de 33,9% acima da carga estática no lado esquerdo da suspensão dianteira, no trecho com lombadas.
Abstract: The dynamical loads and forces occurring in cargo vehicles under movement are among the major causes of the early deterioration on highway and road pavement in Brazil. These dynamical loads are also responsible for the premature and excessive wear on several vehicle components. These two factors combined are among the main reasons why road transportation costs are so expensive in Brazil. The objective of this work is to suggest and evaluate a methodology for measuring the dynamical loads and forces on moving cargo vehicles. This methodology utilizes the suspension system of the vehicle itself as part of the measurement system. In the experimental part of this study a force measuring system was conceived using the leaf spring assembly of the vehicle suspension combined with a simple displacement transducer strategically installed in the vehicle suspension. This force measuring system was installed in a mid-range cargo truck. The characteristic curve of the suspension leaf spring set was determined by the application of static loads onto the vehicle. After calibration and fine adjustments of the system, several experimental runs were performed in the loaded vehicle, measuring the dynamic loads in several pavement types and traffic conditions. The results showed that the system worked satisfactorily, and it was possible to determine the dynamic loads occurred on all experimental runs. The greatest dynamic load found in the field was 33,9 % above the static load on the left front suspension.
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Waterfall, Tyler Lane. "Design of Piezoresistive MEMS Force and Displacement Sensors." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1549.pdf.
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Oswin, Natalie. "Re-framing feminist approaches to forced displacement/refugee discourse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/MQ49420.pdf.
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Guataquí, Roa Juan Carlos. "Forced displacement and internal migration in Colombia, 1992-2004." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2453/.
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This document deconstructs the issue of forced displacement in Colombia, focusing on the period 1992 – 2004, and has two main methodological features. The first is its interdisciplinary approach, which is both sociological and economic. The second is its multilevel orientation, which aims to tackle forced displacement in Colombia on the individual, community and aggregate levels. Given the lack of interdisciplinary theoretical approaches to forced migration, I propose a new one, based on bounded rationality from economic theory and using Castles (2003) and Richmond (1988) for the sociology of forced migration. In order to properly characterise the concept of forced displacement as one of the many modalities of migration, my literature review expands on the thesis’ remit, both in time and scope, including studies of internal migration in Colombia, between 1960 and 2004. The review reveals some interesting lacunas and regularities in the study of forced migration in Colombia: the lack of interdisciplinary studies, the lack of consensus about the real dimension of forced displacement in Colombia - as a consequence of the divergent and hence unreliable nature of current statistics - the historic role of violence for flows of migration in Colombia, the importance of land appropriation and illegal economic activities as catalysts for the decision to migrate, and the specific profiles of gender and ethnic backgrounds. These issues are addressed in three chapters: one concentrates on deconstructing the different statistics available for forced displacement in Colombia, the systems devoted to collect them and the subjective reasons that may explain the differences between them: another evaluates the recurrence of specific patterns of ethnic background and gender among a displaced community and the third evaluates he lack of social cohesion as anomie, through applying the scale of Srole (1956) as used by Lipman and Havens (1965) in their study of the anomie among displaced people in Colombia.
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Manafpour, Alireza. "Force and displacement-based seismic design of RC buildings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398834.
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Vesga, Johana M. "Internal displacement : the link between government inefficienncy and forced migration." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1516.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Cate, Evan Derek. "Design, Implementation, and Test of a Micro Force Displacement System." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1192.
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The design and implementation of a micro-force displacement system was completed to test the force-displacement characteristics of square silicon diaphragms with side lengths of 4mm, 5mm, and 7mm with a thickness of 10um. The system utilizes a World Precision Instruments Fort 10g force transducer attached to a World Precession Instruments TBM4M amplifier. A Keithley 2400 source meter provided data acquisition of the force component of the system. A micro prober tip was utilized as the testing probe attached to the force transducer with a tip radius of 5um. The displacement of samples was measured using a Newport M433 linear stage driven by a Newport ESP300 motion controller (force readings at constant displacement intervals). An additional 3 linear stages were used to provide X and Y-axis positioning of samples beneath the probe tip. The system components were mounted to an optical bench to provide stability during testing. C# was used to deliver the code to the individual components of the system. In addition the software provides a graphic user interface for future users that includes a calibration utility (both X/Y and force calibration), live force-displacement graph, motion control, and a live video feed for sample alignment. Calibration of the force transducer was accomplished using an Adam Equipment PGW153e precision balance to assign force values to the voltage data produced from the transducer. Displacement calibration involved the use of a microscope calibration micrometer. The system was characterized with an equipment variability of ±1.02mg at 1.75um, and ±1.86mg at 3.5um with the ability to characterize samples with stiffness less than 279 mg/um. The displacement resolution of the system was determined to be 35 nm per step of the linear stages. The diaphragms created to test the machine were fabricated from 10um thick device layer SOI wafers. An etch consisting of 38g/l silicic acid, 7g/l ammonium persulfate, and 5% TMAH was used to reduce the formation of hillocks, and provide a consistent etch rate. A Gage R&R study was performed on the fabricated diaphragms, indicating that the deflection produced by the 4mm, 5mm, and 7mm diaphragms was resolvable by the machine. A model was developed to correlate theoretical results to the observed measured values.
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Hess, Tara K. "Forced to Flee: Iraqi Experiences of Displacement in the 2003 War." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275667201.
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Joseph, Daniel. "EXPERIENCING DISPLACEMENT AND STATELESSNESS: FORCED MIGRANTS IN ANSE-À-PITRES, HAITI." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/43.
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In 2013, the Dominican state ruled to uphold a 2010 constitutional amendment that stripped thousands of Dominicans of Haitian origin of their citizenship and forced them to leave the country during summer 2015. About 2,200 of these people became displaced in Anse-à-Pitres, where most took up residence in temporary camps. I use the term forced migrants or displaced persons interchangeably to refer to these people. Many endure challenges in meeting their daily survival needs in Haiti, a country with extreme poverty, considerable political instability, and still in the process of rebuilding itself from the devastating earthquake of 2010. Drawing on fourteen months of ethnographic field- work in Anse-à-Pitres, I examine how these displaced people, in the face of statelessness and amid their precarious social and economic conditions, create survival strategies by drawing upon everyday labor mobility and informal economic activities within and across their communities. Furthermore, I demonstrate that the involvement of these displaced people in community life through socio-economic practices attests to a sense of belonging and produces a form of substantive citizenship in their absence of legal citizenship. This kind of substantive citizenship is also shaped by the ability of the displaced people to re-define life goals, participate in local meetings with the local state and organizations on the ground, and challenge systems of power that seek to impose their choices upon them. In this dissertation, I argue against construing the displaced people as hopeless by focusing on the forms of power and agency that they exercise in and over their lives, which make them agents of their self-development.
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Guo, Tianle. "Effects of buoyancy forces on miscible liquid-liquid displacements in porous media." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6825.
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The effects of gravity forces on the miscible displacement of one fluid (aqueous glycerol solution) by another fluid (pure water) in a vertical consolidated porous medium have been investigated. A set of horizontal displacement experiments was performed for comparison with two sets of vertical-upward and vertical-downward displacements. It was found that gravitational forces (i.e. buoyancy forces) can be an important factor in determining the displacement pattern where fluids having different densities and different flowrates are involved. In a given porous medium system, the principal variables which affect the displacement efficiency of oil (or any other miscible liquid) by water are the viscosity ratio, density difference, and displacement flowrate. Increasing the viscosity ratio will decrease the oil recovery; however, when the viscosity ratio is close to unity, good oil recovery will be obtained. The injection flowrate is also critical. At low injection flowrates, the effects of gravity become relatively more important. At high flowrates, gravity forces have less effect on the displacement efficiency. In vertical-upward displacements, buoyancy forces play a negative role since they tend to promote viscous fingering and consequently lower the oil recovery (when $\rm \rho\sb{oil}>\rho\sb{water}$). On the other hand, in vertical-downward displacements, buoyancy forces tend to stabilize the displacement process, and high oil recoveries can be obtained. Comparing the horizontal displacement patterns with those of the two vertical displacements, it was found that buoyancy forces can exert very significant effects on fingering phenomena.
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Thirunavu, Subramanian. "Effects of buoyancy forces on immiscible oil/water displacements in porous media." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10231.
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The effects of buoyancy forces on liquid-liquid displacement processes occurring in porous media are important in a variety of practical situations, in particular during the displacement of oil from partially-depleted underground reservoirs by means of aqueous solutions. Most previous studies involving the visualization of water/oil displacements in porous media have been undertaken in horizontal two-dimensional porous medium cells. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of buoyancy forces on the fingering pattern and oil recovery by conducting immiscible displacement experiments in two-dimensional porous medium cells aligned in the vertical plane. A consolidated porous medium cell was utilized to perform the displacements, which permitted a wide range of experiments to be carried out within an identical porous medium. In order to obtain a clear understanding of the effects of buoyancy forces (both favourable and unfavourable) experiments were carried out in three different modes, namely horizontal, vertical upward, and vertical downward. As the effects of buoyancy forces are almost negligible, in the horizontal mode, recoveries obtained in this mode are used as a reference and compared to those obtained in the other two modes. For the system studied in this work, as the displacing liquid in all cases had a higher density than the displaced liquid, buoyancy forces were always favourable in the vertical upward mode and always unfavourable in the vertical downward mode. The immiscible system employed consisted of heavy paraffin oil and glycerol solution as the displaced and displacing phases respectively. The viscosity ratio was varied by changing the concentration of the glycerol solution. Displacements with five different viscosity ratios were studied. Breakthrough time was measured and fractional oil recovery was calculated. The effects of buoyancy, viscous and capillary forces as well as the injection flow rate were also observed. The results obtained indicate that the buoyancy forces are highly effective at very low flow rates and low viscosity ratios (or high density ratios), and even with a slight increase in the flow rate, buoyancy forces lose their importance quickly.
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Chuah, Meng Yee (Meng Yee Michael). "Composite force sensing foot utilizing volumetric displacement of a hyperelastic polymer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78211.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-67).
In this thesis, I will describe the fabrication and characterization of a footpad based on an original principle of volumetric displacement sensing. It is intended for use in detecting ground contact forces in a running quadrupedal robot. The footpad is man- ufactured as a monolithic, composite structure composed of multi-graded polymers which are reinforced by glass fiber to increase durability and traction. The volumetric displacement sensing principle utilizes a hyperelastic gel-like pad with embedded magnets that are tracked with Hall-effect sensors. Normal and shear forces can be detected as contact with the ground which causes the gel-like pad to deform into rigid wells. This is all done without the need to expose the sensor. A one-time training process using an artificial neural network was used to relate the normal and shear forces with the volumetric displacement sensor output. The sensor was shown to pre- dict normal forces in the Z-axis up to 80N with a root mean squared error of 6.04% as well as the onset of shear in the X and Y-axis. This demonstrates a proof-of-concept for a more robust footpad sensor suitable for use in all outdoor conditions.
by Meng Yee (Michael) Chuah.
S.M.
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Nuseibah, Munir. "Forced displacement in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, international law and transitional justice." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2013. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8z109/forced-displacement-in-the-palestinian-israeli-conflict-international-law-and-transitional-justice.
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Sixty five years after the forced exodus of the majority of the Palestinian population that inhabited the territory on which Israel was established (known as Nakba, translated to catastrophe), forced displacement is still an important feature of the Israeli policies towards Palestinians. Not only does Israel prevent the return of refugees, but it is still inflicting more displacements through measures that have been undertaken within the framework of the Israeli legal system whether in its civil or military varieties. Unfortunately, despite the fact that a peace process has been launched since almost 20 years, Palestinian refugees and internally displaced persons have not been provided with remedies. On the one hand, the Israeli legal system is part of the problem, and on the other hand, the political process is not yet leading anywhere. Against this background, scholars and other contributors have been debating solutions that could end the plight of the refugees within the context of the peace process. A new approach has emerged, attempting to use the transitional justice framework in solving the plight of the Nakba victims. Most of the new literature looks into the possibility of designing truth commissions to heal the pains caused by the Nakba. This thesis aims at defining the parameters of a transitional justice approach in relation to displacement in Palestine/ Israel. It does so by attempting to employ a transitional justice methodology, which stresses the significance of comprehensiveness. Towards this end, the thesis starts by studying the measures that Israel took to inflict displacements during times of war and peace. Then, the legality of these measures in international law is examined. Finally, the thesis looks into transitional justice mechanisms and how they redressed forced displacement in similar contexts. As a result of this study, the thesis concludes that using transitional justice in the Palestinian-Israeli context cannot be limited to truth and reconciliation commissions, but needs also to comprehensively address the human rights violations by advancing such rights. This requires a number of remedies that must include, at a first step, the immediate end of the forced displacement regime. This can only happen through deep reforms in Israel’s legal frameworks and state institutions. In addition, this shall be coupled with reparation programs including truth, return, restitution of property, compensation; as well as designing a policy concerning the criminal justice element of the crime of forced displacement.
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Beazley, Kim Rachael. "Oustee powerlessness, pragmatism, and potential : conservation-induced displacement in central India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609495.
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Bakr, Junied. "Displacement-based approach for seismic stability of retaining structures." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/displacementbased-approach-for-seismic-stability-of-retaining-structures(fed35f6a-9a0d-46ae-8607-1dc434dc7c28).html.
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This thesis presents a unique finite element investigation of the seismic behaviour of 2 retaining wall types â a rigid retaining wall and a cantilever retaining wall. The commercial finite element program PLAXIS2D was used to develop the numerical simulation models. The research includes: (1) validating the finite element model with the results of 3 previously existing centrifuge tests taken from literature; (2) investigating the seismic response of rigid and cantilever retaining walls including studying the effects of contribution of wall displacement, wall and backfill seismic inertia and stiffness of the foundation soil; (3) developing analytical methods to concrete the findings of the numerical models. Based on the results of the seismic response of a rigid retaining wall, a unique relationship between the seismic earth pressure and wall displacement has been developed for the active and passive modes of failure. The seismic active earth pressure has been found to be not dependent on the wall displacement while the seismic passive earth pressure has been found to be highly affected by the wall displacement. The maximum seismic passive earth pressure force and relative horizontal displacement are predicted when the ground earthquake acceleration is applied with maximum amplitude and minimum frequency content. The seismic response of the wall was not affected by the ratio of the frequency content of the earthquake to the natural frequency of the wall-soil system. For the cantilever retaining wall detailed structural integrity and global analyses have been carried out. It has been observed that the seismic earth pressure, computed at the stem and along a vertical virtual plane are found to be out of phase with each other during the entire duration of the earthquake, and hence, the structural integrity and global stability should be evaluated and assessed individually. A critical case for the structural integrity is observed when the earthquake acceleration is applied towards the backfill soil and has frequency content close to the natural frequency of the retaining wall, while, for the global stability, the critical case is observed when the earthquake acceleration has maximum amplitude and is applied towards the backfill soil with minimum frequency content. The structural integrity is also found to be highly dependent on the ratio between the frequency content of earthquake acceleration to the natural frequency of the cantilever retaining wall. The relative horizontal displacement of a rigid and cantilever retaining wall is found to be highly affected by the duration of the earthquake in contrast to what has been observed for the seismic earth pressure force. The structural integrity of a rigid and cantilever retaining wall reduces when the backfill soil has a higher relative density, while the global stability increases when the backfill soil has a high relative density during an earthquake. The results obtained from the analytical methods reveal that the wall seismic inertia force has a significant effect on the structural integrity only for the top of the stem while the base of the stem does not get affected significantly. The modified Newmark sliding block method provided a more reasonable estimation of the relative horizontal displacement of a rigid retaining wall and a cantilever retaining wall compared with the classic Newmark sliding block method.
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Wilson, Patrick Richard. "Large scale passive force-displacement and dynamic earth pressure experiments and simulations." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3386932.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed February 11, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Zea, Juan Esteban. "Internal Displacement in Colombia: Violence, Resettlement, and Resistance." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/359.
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The majority of the estimated four million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Colombia who have fled from their lands and homes have migrated to urban centers. This study, performed in Bogotá, Colombia between April and September 2009, examines how IDPs cope with living in a new, urban environment after violent displacement. I held interviews with IDPs, the non-displaced public, and government workers; performed participant-observation in government offices and neighborhoods; and examined archival material. The work examines cultural anthropological topics of violence, migration, and resistance. A discussion of state and structural violence reveals the current hardships many rural Colombians face. Analysis shows that symbolic violence manifests itself through 'othering' narratives and practices, which affect how IDPs resettle in Bogotá. The research demonstrates how IDPs' practices challenge state bureaucracy and government workers and refute the non-displaced public's stereotypes. IDPs agency both reproduces and transforms social structures in the city of Bogotá. I discuss how collective IDP agency leads to actions of resistance through public marches and takeovers. This research contributes to the field of anthropology by highlighting relations between power structures and individuals, examining how IDPs experience and resist symbolic violence, and demonstrating how IDPs create new identities in situations of forced migration.
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Guardiera, Simon [Verfasser]. "Effects of hypergravity on manual forces and displacements: causes and practical implications / Simon Guardiera." Köln : Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1070604097/34.
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Paronesso, Antonio. "Rational approximation and realization of generalized force-displacement relationship of an unbounded medium /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1611.
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Stuart-Watson, David. "A simple force feedback accelerometer/seismometer based on a tuning fork displacement sensor." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5098.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-194).This thesis describes research into the use of a piezoelectric tuning fork as the displacement sensor in a simple force feedback seismometer. The research also includes the use of a second piezoelectric transducer as both the suspension system and the force transducer for the seismometer. A simple inertial seismometer model, based on a damped mass-spring system, was developed.
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Simon, Todd R. "Microgripper force feedback integration using piezoresistive cantilever structure /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/7855.
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Abo-Hameed, Meethaq. "An international criminal framework to prosecute the legacy of forced internal displacement in Iraq." Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-international-criminal-framework-to-prosecute-the-legacy-of-forced-internal-displacement-in-iraq(72ce4a02-5e19-4c2b-b46e-8f334a23e2a6).html.
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This thesis examines the question of whether the Iraqi High Criminal Tribunal, as a domestic court relying on international law, respected the principle of nullum crimen sine lege when prosecuting the Ba’ath Party legacy of internal displacements under the heading of forcible transfer as an international crime per se. If it did not do so, then which other international criminal frameworks, the thesis enquires, would have been adequate and valid? The research focuses on internal displacements in the cases of Al-Dujail, the Marshlands population and the Al-Anfal campaigns. These cases are significant in relation to the aforementioned principle, especially since there are some that have yet not been tried. The research conducted doctrinal legal research, and employed both primary and secondary resources: scholarly writings and publications, case law, Iraqi laws, instruments of international tribunals, international conventions and reports. The key findings establish that the reliance on international law to criminalize the Ba’ath Party legacy did not challenge the principle of nullum crimen sine lege. However, this was not the case with the criminalization of acts of internal displacement under the heading of forcible transfer as an international crime per se, whether under the category of crimes against humanity or that of war crimes in internal armed conflict. The research findings are that the Iraqi High Criminal Tribunal derived these categories from the Rome Statute and applied them retroactively. This Statute, however, entered into force only in July 2002, and forcible transfer was not recognised as a category of crime under international law during the periods when the Ba’ath Party abuses took place. Under international law at that period, forcible transfer was recognised as a war crime only in international armed conflicts; as a sub-heading of the crime of apartheid, and as a sub-heading of the crime of genocide through the transfer of children. These three exemplars were not applied to the Iraqi cases, and thus there is a considerable gap between the practice of the Iraqi High Criminal Tribunal and international law. The research therefore suggests alternative criminal frameworks: it demonstrates that the crime of persecution, the crime of other inhumane acts, and the crime of genocide through the sub-headings of both ‘causing serious bodily or mental harm’ and ‘inflicting conditions of life to bring a group about its physical destruction’ can serve to criminalize the Iraqi cases of internal displacement, particularly since these crimes were well established in customary international law and/or treaty law at the material time. The research concludes that violation of the principle of nullum crimen sine lege threatens the legitimacy of the Iraqi trials. It is therefore recommended that Iraqi legislators and judges should take the opportunity to amend Iraqi law and the Statute of the Iraqi High Criminal Tribunal to ensure that trials dealing with the Ba’ath legacy, or with future atrocities, are in line with the principle of nullum crimen sine lege and with international law. Finally, this work concludes with some suggestions that would help to ensure that similar trials, procedures, punishments and other criminal acts or frameworks in the future do not violate the principles of criminal law.
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SANTI, AMANTINI LAURA. "Justice and Forced Migration: Beyond the Open Borders Debate." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1056717.
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This work is composed of two main parts. Part I is composed of four chapters. Chapter 1 offers a critical overview of the interdisciplinary debate on what counts as forced migration and who is a refugee. It argues that scholars tend to attribute much of the normative salience of concepts such as those of forced migration and refugees to their implications for admission policies in closed borders scenarios. Chapter 2 considers what makes forced migration harmful and distinctively different from voluntary migration. Referring to empirical qualitative works and narratives of forced migrants’ displacement experiences, it illustrates four kinds of harms related to forced displacement: namely, losses of control, the loss of what I call the “Home environment”, losses in social status and material wealth, and a loss of mental wellbeing. Such harms apply also to forced migrants who do not experience restrictions to freedom of movement (e.g., in the case of internal displacement or when borders have been opened). Thus, forced migration remains normatively relevant even when admission is not an issue. Chapter 3 argues that what forced migrants need once displaced depends on the specific harms of displacement. The harms of displacement distinctively undermine the fundamental interests that all human beings share in having place and purpose, which provide the conditions for a dignified, minimally flourishing life. Thus, forced migrants have distinctive claim rights, analogous to human rights, to the fulfilment of the needs that derive from the harms of displacement. Chapter 4 moves to the issue of who is responsible for addressing the specific needs of forced migrants and how. I argue that not only states of origin but also external states and non-state actors often individually or jointly contribute to forced displacement. Agents whose actions caused displacement or contributed to processes and structures causing displacement bear reparative responsibility towards those who have been harmed by displacement. Therefore, meeting the needs of forced migrants is not just a matter of humanitarian obligations, but rather an issue of justice. Finally, I propose three principles that policies should respect to count as reparations for the harms of displacement: namely, the specificity, continuity, and expressivity principles. Based on this theoretical frame, part II explores three case studies. Chapter 5 is devoted to forced displacement in Colombia, which counts the largest number of internally displaced people worldwide. The chapter explores displacement underlying causes, shows how the specific harms suffered by Colombian forced migrants shape their needs and illustrates how current policy approaches fail to adequately recognise and repair those harms. Chapter 6 looks at a form of forced migration taking place across borders in a regional free-movement area, namely intra–European Union trafficking for labour exploitation. Finally, chapter 7 is devoted to forced migration from Syria. The chapter adopts a harms-based approach to responsibility and to needs assessment and it illustrates shortcomings even in the policy of a European state, namely Germany, which has been praised for its generosity and efficiency in providing admission and integration to Syrian forced migrants.
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McPherson, Timothy Steven. "A force and displacement self-sensing method for a mri compatible tweezer end effector." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44829.
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This work describes a self-sensing technique for a piezoelectrically driven MRI-compatible tweezer style end effector, suitable for robot assisted, MRI guided surgery. Nested strain amplification mechanisms are used to amplify the displacement of the piezo actuators to practical levels for robotics. By using a hysteretic piezoelectric model and a two port network model for the compliant nested strain amplifiers, it is shown that force and displacement at the tweezer tip can be estimated if the input voltage and charge are measured. One piezo unit is used simultaneously as a sensor and an actuator, preserving the full actuation capability of the device. Experimental validation shows an average of 12% error between the self-sensed and true values.
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Kawchuk, Gregory N. "Ultrasonic indentation, a technique for the non-invasive quantification of spinal force-displacement properties." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0027/NQ49506.pdf.
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Yovichin, Richard D. III. "Hyperbolic Representation of Force Versus Displacement Relationship for Lateral Pipe Movement in Dry Soil." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu153340490751023.
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Rami, Andrea. "Displacement mapping in cinematic scientific visualization." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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The main purpose of this dissertation is to study the cinematic scientific visualization pipeline followed during the internship carried out at CINECA, showing in particular a rendering technique used: the displacement mapping. The final animation, called "A Sacred Forest", is part of the "Into the (Un)Known" project, a scientific communication project. The first part of this dissertation explains what is cinematic scientific visualization and shows its pipeline, then the displacement mapping is described and analyzed with some examples made in Blender. Finally, the “making of” for the Sacred Forest animation is described, showing how astrophysical data provided by a simulation of a magnetic field generated around a supermassive black hole are filtered, mapped and then rendered to obtain the final result.
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Singer, Jane. "Examining the Roles of Multiple Stakeholders in Dam-forced Resettlement of Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/195954.
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Estrada, Matthew A. "Design and fabrication of force sensing robotic foot utilizing the volumetric displacement of a hyperelastic polymer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74436.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40).
This thesis illustrates the fabrication and characterization of a footpad based on an original principle of volumetric displacement sensing. It is intended for use in detecting ground reaction forces in a running quadrupedal robot. The footpad is manufactured as a monolithic, composite structure composed of multi-graded polymers reinforced by glass fiber to increase durability and traction. The volumetric displacement sensing principle utilizes a hyperelastic gel-like pad with embedded magnets and Hall-effect sensors. Normal and shear forces can be detected as contact forces cause the gel-like pad to deform into rigid wells without the need to expose the sensor. A one-time training process using an artificial neural network was used to relate the normal and shear forces with the volumetric displacement sensor output. Two iterations on geometry are prototyped and tested. The first shows the ability to accurately predict normal forces in the Z-axis up to 80 N with a root mean squared error of 6% but little information about shear forces in the X an Y-axis. The second iteration demonstrates an ability to pick up the presence and direction of shear forces up to 40 N but with a root mean squared error of 70%. This project demonstrates a proof-of-concept for a more robust force sensor suitable for use in robotics that requires compliance while interacting with its environment.
by Matthew A. Estrada.
S.B.
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Adong, Annet [Verfasser]. "Armed Conflicts and Forced Displacements: Incentives and Consequences on Consumption and Social Preferences / Annet Adong." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235525104/34.
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Nasreen, Zobaida. "The indigeneity question : state violence, forced displacement and women's narratives in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12063/.
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This research aims to examine the experiences of forced displacement arising out of decades of militarisation and land grabbing perpetrated by the Bangladesh Army and Bengali settlers on the indigenous communities in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh. Situated within the context of the anthropology of violence, displacement, indigeneity and South Asia this is rooted in the paradigm of historical and social anthropology. The approach of the study is multi-sited, discursive, uses qualitative methodology and is based on nine months of ethnographic research between 2012 and 2013 in two districts in the CHT among four indigenous groups. I focus on ordinary (non-activist) indigenous hill women‘s narratives of violence and forced displacement in the pre- and post- peace accord (signed in 1997) periods. Ordinary indigenous people were drawn into the armed conflict between the Bangladesh army and the Shanti Bahini (SB), the armed wing of Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti (PCJSS). Women‘s participation was in the form of direct and organised resistance as well as unorganised, everyday resistance and negotiation, yet none of it is acknowledged in the peace process. While there is some work on the narratives of indigenous woman activists there is little documentation of ordinary (often assumed to be passive) indigenous women’s narratives of violence and everyday forms of protest and negotiation. Instead, I argue that the various kinds of non-activist women’s everyday experience of terror as a result of Forced Displacement in the CHT is not a singular experience. Their experience can only be understood through the confluence of their encounter with state and army violence; as well as through interactions with activists, infra-politics in the local community and at the conjuncture of their own various locations. In the process, the ethnography of the ordinary indigenous women interrogates and challenge the concept of indigeneity.
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Parigi, Marta. "Food Security and Social Cohesion among communities affected by violence and forced displacement in the Eastern Mediterranean." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/340516.
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This thesis is a collection of three articles in applied economics that explore food security and social cohesion among population affected by violence and forced displacement. Chapter II aims at quantifying the effect of violent conflict on food security and dietary quality in Iraq. Specifically, I estimate the effect of physical insecurity on caloric availability and household dietary diversity by using an instrumental variable (IV) approach. Results show that conflict has a positive (negative) effect of on per capita caloric availability (household dietary diversity). The direction of this relationship, although seemingly counterintuitive, is unsurprising given Iraq’s relatively high-income levels and large public food distribution system. Overall, the results suggest that, for countries transitioning to diets high in calories and fat, violent conflict may drive the population towards an unhealthier diet and may thus contribute to the nation’s growing prevalence of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. In the third Chapter, I use a household dietary diversity score and a food consumption score to measure the effect of structural and physical Israeli settler violence on Palestinian food security in the occupied West Bank. In doing so, I employ a novel instrumental variable which correlates with settlement proximity while remaining exogenous to other confounders. According to the main results, both the presence of settlements and the insecurity they generate have a statistically significant negative effect on food security via continuous violence against Palestinians and their properties. This finding is further supported by a supplemental analysis of two potential underlying mechanisms: access to water and commuting time to the closest food market. The last empirical article in Chapter IV assesses the impact of the Education Program for Syrian Refugees and Host Communities (BILSY) implemented in Turkey. BILSY relied on positive contact to enhance trust and reciprocity among Syrian and Turkish children. Exploiting a unique primary data on Syrian and Turkish children, we1 investigate whether the BILSY program was effective in promoting social cohesion (altruism and trust) among them by running both dictator and trust games. The sample for the study is drawn from the BILSY program participants and it comprises 685 individuals of Turkish and Syrian background aged between 6 and 11 years old. Since all the participants received the treatment at some point, we randomized the time of interview, namely before or after receiving the treatment. We relied on the short length of the activities implemented to mimic a randomized control trial. Our results show that the program does not significantly affect the participants’ decisions during the games, neither towards children of different nationality, nor toward other fellow citizens.
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Stensö, Theodor. "What is the value of home? : A quantitative study on the effects of natural resource extraction on conflict-induced displacement." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434075.
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Conflict-induced displacement, a relatively novel term, is well researched but not well understood. There is a significant amount of findings on this subject, but many have been disproven at a later stage, leaving behind a research field largely lacking in substantial findings. As conflict-induced displacement has steadily increased over the previous years, this is a significant problem. However, recent findings, hinting at a relationship between natural resource prevalence in armed conflicts and displacement, could help provide an explanation as for what causes these differences. A large-n study looking at 207 cases of armed conflict, varying over relative value of natural resource extraction, is here conducted. The results find that while there is not a statistically significant relationship between the two variables, and this relationship varies depending on whether cross- or within border displacement is the focus, there is some level of covarying relationship.
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Chen, Xiaomei [Verfasser], and Meinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schilling. "Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Cantilevers as Encoder for Real-Time Displacement Measurements / Xiaomei Chen ; Betreuer: Meinhard Schilling." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1175824984/34.
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Ho, Hon Ping. "The Influence of Braking System Component Design Parameters on Pedal Force and Displacement Characteristics. Simulation of a passenger car brake system, focusing on the prediction of brake pedal force and displacement based on the system components and their design characteristics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7447.
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This thesis presents an investigation of braking system characteristics, brake system performance and brake system component design parameters that influence brake pedal force / displacement characteristics as ‘felt’ by the driver in a passenger car. It includes detailed studies of individual brake system component design parameters, operation, and the linear and nonlinear characteristics of internal components through experimental study and simulation modelling. The prediction of brake pedal ‘feel’ in brake system simulation has been achieved using the simulation modelling package AMESim. Each individual brake system component was modelled individually before combining them into the whole brake system in order to identify the parameters and the internal components characteristics that influence the brake pedal ‘feel’. The simulation predictions were validated by experimentally measured data and demonstrated the accuracy of simulation modelling. Axisymmetric Finite Element Analysis (using the ABAQUS software) was used to predict the behaviour of nonlinear elastomeric internal components such as the piston seal and the booster reaction disc which was then included in the AMESim simulation model. The seal model FEA highlighted the effects of master cylinder and caliper seal deformation on the brake pedal ‘feel’. The characteristics of the brake booster reaction disc were predicted by the FEA and AMESim simulation modelling and these results highlighted the importance of the nonlinear material characteristics, and their potential contribution to brake pedal ‘feel’ improvement. A full brake system simulation model was designed, prepared, and used to predict brake system performance and to design a system with better brake pedal ‘feel’. Each of the brake system component design parameters was validated to ensure that the braking system performance was accurately predicted. The critical parameter of brake booster air valve spring stiffness was identified to improve the brake ‘pedal ‘feel’. This research has contributed to the advancement of automotive engineering by providing a method for brake system engineers to design a braking system with improved pedal ‘feel’. The simulation model can be used in the future to provide an accurate prediction of brake system performance at the design stage thereby saving time and cost.
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Wilcox, F. Rowan. "Home, neighborhood, and renewal : resident perceptions of forced relocation." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1655.
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Bisha, James Victor. "The Effect of Load Stabilizer Selection on Load Shift Within Unit Loads." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33035.
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Research on unit load stability aids manufacturing facilities in selecting the most efficient load stabilizer when shipping their products to market. This studyâ s objective was to compare the performance a variety of different commonly used load stabilizers to stretch hooding. Stretch hooding is a method of load stabilization in which a tubular film is heat sealed at the top, stretched by four mechanical arms to a desired width, pulled down over the unit load. The film is slowly released as the arms descend, and is released under the pallet.
400ga stretch hooding, 80ga and 63ga stretch wrap and strapping were tested. Twenty unit loads for both vibration and impact testing were used, with 5 replications per load stabilizer. Container displacement and pallet-container displacement were measured, and the number of tares in the load stabilizer film, on the corners of the test units, after testing, was noted.
Container displacement was significantly greater during impact testing than in vibration testing. Strapping was the most effective stabilizer during vibration testing because of its ability to restrict vertical displacement. The stretch hooding was the most effective stabilizer during impact testing because of its ability to restrict horizontal displacement.Master of Science
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Murach, Michelle Marie. "The Contribution of the Individual Rib to Thoracic Response Under Dynamic Loading Conditions: A Preliminary Hierarchical Approach." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500378733759382.
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Kreienborg, Marius. "Durable Solutions, Durable Peace? : Assessing the Impact of Peace Agreement Provisions Regarding Forced Displacement on the Durability of Peace." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353816.
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This paper investigates the relationship between the level of implementation of peace agreement provisions regarding forced displacement and the durability of peace in a country. Based on the assumption that implementation creates durable solutions for refugees and internally displaced persons, I argue that the attainment of durable solutions enables displaced populations to contribute to peacebuilding in different ways, for example by encouraging economic activity or promoting transitional justice. These engagements with peacebuilding, in turn, make durable peace more likely. To test this theory, I estimate several logistic models, making use of implementation data from the Peace Accord Matrix and a replication dataset. I find tentative support for my hypothesis that higher levels of implementation of said category of provisions increase the chance of durable peace, but concede that more research must follow to verify and solidify my results.
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Mendelsohn, Joshua B. "Is forced displacement a barrier to acceptable outcomes among refugees on antiretroviral therapy? : a field-study in Malaysia and Kenya." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2012. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646549/.
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In response to a major gap in evidence regarding treatment outcomes among asylum-based refugees. the primary objective of the thesis was to investigate adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and virological outcomes among refugees and to compare these outcomes with local host communities in one urban, Southeast Asia setting (Sungai Buloh, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) and one remote sub-Saharan refugee camp (Kakuma. Kenya) setting. Given limited resources for expanding treatment, questions have been raised as to whether refugees can achieve sufficient levels of adherence and viral suppression to justify sustaining and expanding access. Data sources included a structured questionnaire with self-reported adherence measures, a pharmacy-based prescription refill measure, HIV viral loads, and indepth interviews. Analyses made use of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The thesis begins by presenting the rationale, aims, research questions, and a description of preparatory work. Paper One presents the results of a systematic review of the literature on adherence to HAART and treatment outcomes among conflict-affected and forcibly displaced populations. finding only 17 reports, five of which included less than < 100 clients, adherence estimates in the range of 87-99.5%, and good treatment outcomes. Papers Two and Three present the quantitative findings from both settings, finding no differences in outcomes between refugees and the host community in either setting, but a large difference between the settings. In Malaysia, 83% of clients on HAART for 2:25 weeks were suppressed while only II % were suppressed in Kenya. Female sex, longer time from HIV diagnosis to HAART start, and optimal adherence pharmacy refill schedule were protective in the Malaysian setting while temporary migration for 2: I month (in the previous year) and 2: I hour average transit time to clinic were independent risk factors. Larger household sizes were protective in the Kenyan setting. Paper Four offers an account of patient experiences based on the qualitative findings from both settings, and suggests that systemic barriers and resilient strategies were prevalent in both settings; however. intensive systemic barriers appeared to overwhelm personal resilience in the camp setting. Paper Five positions the work in the context of previous and future research and makes recommendations for programs and policy. The thesis concludes by suggesting that. just as good treatment outcomes were shown to be achievable in a range of forcibly displaced groups. asylum-based refugees were also capable of treatment success and maintain outcomes similar to those of the host communities. There is a clear public health and humanitarian interest in guaranteeing access to ART, promoting optimal adherence. and sustaining viral suppression in all who are in need of treatment. When problems in achieving and sustaining viral suppression occurred, they were not typically due to previous forced displacement, or refugee status itself. Overall, refugees ought to have equal access to HIV treatment based on the principles of fairness, human rights, and individual and population-based public health benefits. Since HIV-positive individuals on HAART with good adherence will rarely transmit HIV to their sexual partners, it is in the enlightened self-interest of host country governments to support HIV programs that serve HIV -positive refugees and host clients equally.
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Snow, Scott Karl. "Numerical Analysis of Passive Force on Skewed BridgeAbutments with Reinforced Concrete Wingwalls." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7399.
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Numerical Analysis of Passive Force on Skewed BridgeAbutments with Reinforced Concrete WingwallsScott Karl SnowDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, BYU Master of Science Historically bridges with skewed abutments have proven more likely to fail during earthquake loadings (Toro et al, 2013) when compared to non-skewed bridges (Apirakvorapinit et al. 2012; Elnashai et al. 2010). Previous studies including small-scale laboratory tests by Jessee (2012), large-scale field tests by Smith (2014), and numerical modeling by Shamsabadi et al. (2006) have shown that 45° skewed bridge abutments experience a reduction in peak passive force by about 65%. With numerous skewed bridges in the United States, this study has great importance to the nation's infrastructure.The finite element models produced in this study model the large-scale field-testing performed by Smith (2014), which was performed to study the significant reduction in peak passive resistance for abutments with longitudinal reinforced concrete wingwalls. The finite element models largely confirm the findings of Smith (2014). Two models were created and designed to match the large-scale field tests and were used to calibrate the soil parameters for this study. Two additional models were then created by increasing the abutment widths from 11 feet to 38 feet to simulate a two-lane bridge. The 45° skewed 11-foot abutment experienced a 38% reduction in peak passive resistance compared to the non-skewed abutment. In contrast, the 45° skewed 38-foot abutment experienced a 65% reduction in peak passive resistance compared to the non-skewed abutment. When the wingwalls are extended 10 feet into the backfill the reduction decreased to 59% due to the change in effective skew angle.The finite element models generally confirmed the findings of Smith (2014). The results of the 11- and 38-foot abutment finite element models confirmed that the wingwall on the obtuse side of the 45° skewed abutments experienced approximately 4 to 5 times the amount of horizontal soil pressure and 5 times the amount of bending moment compared to the non-skewed abutment. Increases in the pressures and bending moments are likely caused by soil confined between the obtuse side of the abutment and the wingwall.A comparison of the 11- and 38-foot 45° skewed abutment models showed a decrease in the influence of the wingwalls as the abutment widened. The wingwall on the acute side of the 38-foot abutment developed approximately 50% of the horizontal soil pressure compared to the 11-foot abutment. The heave distribution of the 11-foot abutment showed approximately 1- to 2-inches of vertical displacement over a majority of the abutment backwall versus more than half of the 38-foot abutment producing ½ an inch or less.
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Hamid, Hisham. "Process monitoring of blanking coarse grained and ultra-fine grained aluminium sheets using force-displacement characteristics and acoustic emission technique." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12838.
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Avnaïm, Francis. "Placement et déplacement de formes rigides ou articulées." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2018.
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