Journal articles: 'Displacement curent sensor'

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Roy, Rinto, Alexander Tessler, Cecilia Surace, and Marco Gherlone. "Shape Sensing of Plate Structures Using the Inverse Finite Element Method: Investigation of Efficient Strain–Sensor Patterns." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 7049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247049.

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Methods for real-time reconstruction of structural displacements using measured strain data is an area of active research due to its potential application for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and morphing structure control. The inverse Finite Element Method (iFEM) has been shown to be well suited for the full-field reconstruction of displacements, strains, and stresses of structures instrumented with discrete or continuous strain sensors. In practical applications, where the available number of sensors may be limited, the number and sensor positions constitute the key parameters. Understanding changes in the reconstruction quality with respect to sensor position is generally difficult and is the aim of the present work. This paper attempts to supplement the current iFEM modeling knowledge through a rigorous evaluation of several strain–sensor patterns for shape sensing of a rectangular plate. Line plots along various sections of the plate are used to assess the reconstruction quality near and far away from strain sensors, and the nodal displacements are studied as the sensor density increases. The numerical results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the strain sensors distributed along the plate boundary for reconstructing relatively simple displacement patterns, and highlight the potential of cross-diagonal strain–sensor patterns to improve the displacement reconstruction of more complex deformation patterns.

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Hassanbeiglou, Alireza, Masoud Kalantari, Elaheh Mozaffari, Javad Dargahi, and József Kövecses. "A new tactile array sensor for viscoelastic tissues with time-dependent behavior." Sensor Review 35, no. 4 (September 21, 2015): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-06-2014-656.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new tactile array sensor into the medical field to enhance current robotic minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) procedures that are still limited in scope and versatility. In this paper, a novel idea is proposed in which a tactile sensor array can measure rate of displacement in addition to force and displacement of any viscoelastic material during the course of a single touch. To verify this new array sensor, several experiments were conducted on a diversity of tissues from which it was concluded that this newly developed sensory offers definite and significant enhancements. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed array sensor is capable of extracting force, displacement and displacement rate in the course of a single touch on tissues. Several experiments have been conducted on different tissues and the array sensor to verify the concept and to verify the output of the sensor. Findings – It is shown that this new generation of sensors are required to distinguish the difference in hardness degrees of materials with viscoelastic behavior. Originality/value – In this paper, a new generation of tactile sensors is proposed that is capable of measuring indentation time in addition to force and displacement. This idea is completely unique and has not been submitted to any conference or journal.

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Lv, Chunfeng, Wei Tao, Huaming Lei, Yingying Jiang, and Hui Zhao. "Analytical Modeling for the Grating Eddy Current Displacement Sensors." Measurement Science Review 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2015-0007.

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Abstract As a new type of displacement sensor, grating eddy current displacement sensor (GECDS) combines traditional eddy current sensors and grating structure in one. The GECDS performs a wide range displacement measurement without precision reduction. This paper proposes an analytical modeling approach for the GECDS. The solution model is established in the Cartesian coordinate system, and the solving domain is limited to finite extents by using the truncated region eigenfunction expansion method. Based on the second order vector potential, expressions for the electromagnetic field as well as coil impedance related to the displacement can be expressed in closed-form. Theoretical results are then confirmed by experiments, which prove the suitability and effectiveness of the analytical modeling approach.

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Sillanpää, Teemu, Alexander Smirnov, Pekko Jaatinen, Jouni Vuojolainen, Niko Nevaranta, Rafal Jastrzebski, and Olli Pyrhönen. "Three-Axis Inductive Displacement Sensor Using Phase-Sensitive Digital Signal Processing for Industrial Magnetic Bearing Applications." Actuators 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10060115.

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Non-contact rotor position sensors are an essential part of control systems in magnetically suspended high-speed drives. In typical active magnetic bearing (AMB) levitated high-speed machine applications, the displacement of the rotor in the mechanical air gap is measured with commercially available eddy current-based displacement sensors. The aim of this paper is to propose a robust and compact three-dimensional position sensor that can measure the rotor displacement of an AMB system in both the radial and axial directions. The paper presents a sensor design utilizing only a single unified sensor stator and a single shared rotor mounted target piece surface to achieve the measurement of all three measurement axes. The sensor uses an inductive measuring principle to sense the air gap between the sensor stator and rotor piece, which makes it robust to surface variations of the sensing target. Combined with the sensor design, a state of the art fully digital signal processing chain utilizing synchronous in-phase and quadrature demodulation is presented. The feasibility of the proposed sensor design is verified in a closed-loop control application utilizing a 350-kW, 15,000-r/min high-speed industrial induction machine with magnetic bearing suspension. The inductive sensor provides an alternative solution to commercial eddy current displacement sensors. It meets the application requirements and has a robust construction utilizing conventional electrical steel lamination stacks and copper winding.

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Liu, Weiping, Zhaofeng Wang, Ximing Zhang, Yulin Wang, Bochun Hu, and Ye Zhuang. "Fault Tolerant and Nano Displacement Drive Control Method of Photoelectric Motor for Battery Electric Vehicle." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2957.

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The low-resolution photoelectric position sensor is used, that is, Hall position sensor replaces the traditional photoelectric encoder and other high-resolution position sensors to monitor the rotor position. However, because the three-phase Hall position sensor can only output six position signals, a hardware circuit design of low-resolution position sensor monitoring rotor position signal is proposed. Meanwhile, nanotechnology has been introduced in the study of micro drive of battery electric vehicle (BEV). BEV driver has some disadvantages such as hysteresis, creep and nonlinearity, which seriously affects its application in nano environment. A nano displacement sensor is designed for the characteristics of BEV driver. The nonlinear problem of micro driver is solved through the closed-loop control of position feedback. In the test, through the verification of rotor position and current waveform, it can be proved that the method based on photoelectric position sensor and rotor position signal monitoring can ensure the low deviation of rotor position calculation and correct output signal of three-phase photoelectric position sensor. The decoupling performance of vector control is verified by 3/2 transformation. In the displacement detection of micro driver, the designed nano displacement sensor has higher resolution and its performance is better than that of the previous three generations of displacement sensors.

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K., Gobi, Kannapiran B., Devaraj D., and Valarmathi K. "Design, development and performance evaluation of pressure sensor using eddy current displacement sensing coil." Sensor Review 38, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-07-2017-0145.

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Purpose The conventional strain gauge type pressure sensor suffers in static testing of engines due to the contact transduction method. This paper aims to focus on the concept of non-contact transduction-based pressure sensor using eddy current displacement sensing coil (ECDS) to overcome the temperature limitations of the strain gauge type pressure sensor. This paper includes the fabrication of prototypes of the proposed pressure sensor and its performance evaluation by static calibration. The fabricated pressure sensor is proposed to measure pressure in static test environment for a short period in the order of few seconds. The limitations of the fabricated pressure sensor related to temperature problems are highlighted and the suitable design changes are recommended to aid the future design. Design/methodology/approach The design of ECDS-based pressure sensor is aimed to provide non-contact transduction to overcome the limitations of the strain gauge type of pressure sensor. The ECDS is designed and fabricated with two configurations to measure deflection of the diaphragm corresponding to the applied pressure. The fabricated ECDS is calibrated using a standard micro meter to ensure transduction within limits. The fabricated prototypes of pressure sensors are calibrated using dead weight tester, and the calibration results are analyzed to select the best configuration. The proposed pressure sensor is tested at different temperatures, and the test results are analyzed to provide recommendations to overcome the shortcomings. Findings The performance of the different configurations of the pressure sensor using ECDS is evaluated using the calibration data. The analysis of the calibration results indicates that the pressure sensor using ECDS (coil-B) with the diaphragm as target is the best configuration. The accuracy of the fabricated pressure sensor with best configuration is ±2.8 per cent and the full scale (FS) output is 3.8 KHz. The designed non-contact transduction method extends the operating temperature of the pressure sensor up to 150°C with the specified accuracy for the short period. Originality/value Most studies of eddy current sensing coil focus on the displacement and position measurement but not on the pressure measurement. This paper is concerned with the design of the pressure sensor using ECDS to realize the non-contact transduction to overcome the limitations of strain gauge type pressure sensors and evaluation of the fabricated prototypes. It is shown that the accuracy of the proposed pressure sensor is not affected by the high temperature for the short period due to non-contact transduction using ECDS.

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Wang, Xiao Wen. "The Research of Sensor Application Status." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.543.

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Sensing technology is a rapid development of technology, is one of the main technology of modern information technology, developed countries in recent years the use of sensors in the information society a new understanding and evaluation, and sensor technology has been widely used in various fields. This paper mainly introduces the temperature sensor, pressure sensor, displacement sensor, the principle and application of the current sensor.

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Weng, He Zhang, Hong Wei Li, Shu Qin Liu, Zhao Liang Cheng, and Jie Liu. "Effects of Surface Crack on Eddy Current Sensor Signal in Maglev System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.743.

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In experiments of mechanical movement in outer space, maglev technology is used for simulating the weightless environment. Maglev rotor moves along a linear guide way. In the process of motion, eddy current sensors are needed for detecting the displacement between sensor and metal guide way. Because of the length requirement of guide way, splicing technique is used. This technique leads to the crack on detective surface and also the distortion of sensor signal. By the means of mathematical model analysis and finite element method, the rules of sensor signal are found out and verified by experiment. The results show that optimal crack width can weaken the distortion of sensor signal.

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Xue, Songtao, Kang Jiang, Shuai Guan, Liyu Xie, Guochun Wan, and Chunfeng Wan. "Long-Range Displacement Meters Based on Chipped Circular Patch Antenna." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 4884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174884.

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This paper presents a passive wireless long-range displacement sensor that is based on the circular patch antenna, and the detecting range of the sensor can be customized. The sensor consists of a chipped circular antenna with two opened rectangular windows, a substrate, and a ground plate with a sloping channel. No bonding between the antenna and the ground plate allows for the chipped antenna to slide along the sloping channel. The channel will drive the current flow on the plate once the chip is activated, increasing the effective electrical length and, consequently, decreasing the resonant frequency of the circular antenna. The sensing mechanism equates the measuring displacement to the relative movement of the antenna with respect to the ground that achieves the measurement of long-range displacement and, thus, the proposed sensor can avoid stress damage to the antenna due to excessive deformation. Three different range sensors were simulated in the the Ansoft high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The results show that the resonance frequency of the antenna has a linear relationship with the varying chute depth beneath the chip. Three sensors were fabricated, and the experimental results also validated that the sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted.

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Hu, Guoliang, Wei Zhou, Mingke Liao, and Weihua Li. "Static and Dynamic Experiment Evaluations of a Displacement Differential Self-Induced Magnetorheological Damper." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/295294.

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This paper presents the development of a novel magnetorheological damper (MRD) which has a self-induced ability. In this study, a linear variable differential sensor (LVDS) based on the electromagnetic induction mechanism was integrated with a conventional MRD. The structure of the displacement differential self-induced magnetorheological damper (DDSMRD) was developed, and the theory of displacement differential self-induced performance was deduced. The static experiments of the DDSMRD under different displacement positions were carried out by applying sine excitation signals to the excitation coils, and the experimental results show that the self-induced voltage is proportional to the damper piston displacement. Meanwhile, the dynamic experiments were also carried out using the fatigue test machine to investigate the change of the self-induced voltage under the typical direct current inputs and the different piston rod displacements; the experimental results also show that the self-induced voltage is proportional to the damper piston displacements. Additionally, the dynamic mechanical performance of the DDSMRD was evaluated. The theory deduction and the experimental results indicate that the proposed DDSMRD has the ability of the integrated displacement sensor in addition to the output controllable damping force.

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Tang, Yongsheng, Jigang Cang, Yandong Yao, and Ce Chen. "Displacement measurement of a concrete bridge under traffic loads with fibre-reinforced polymer-packaged optical fibre sensors." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 3 (March 2020): 168781402091053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020910538.

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Current displacement measurement methods cannot cope with the demands of the long-term measurement of small- or medium-span concrete bridges because of some technology or economic challenges. In this article, a displacement measurement method is proposed for concrete bridges based on fibre-reinforced polymer-packaged optical fibre sensors. The sensing principle and manufacture process of the proposed sensor are introduced as well as the strain sensing property. Then, a relationship is established between the strain and the displacement based on the distributed strain monitoring. Finally, some field tests are implemented using a simply supported concrete bridge. The tests include static loading test, dynamic loading test with specific speeds and dynamic random traffic loading test. The field test results show that the proposed method can measure the displacement of concrete bridges under traffic loads with reasonable accuracy. Moreover, different types of sensor distributions are proposed to investigate the displacement measurement effects to optimise the sensor installation. Although the sensors cover only some key parts of the girder, the results also verify the accuracy of the proposed method. Therefore, the proposed method can be implemented in concrete bridges in future.

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You, B.-H., and J.-W. Kim. "A study on an automatic seam tracking system by using an electromagnetic sensor for sheet metal arc welding of butt joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 216, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 911–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440502320193030.

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Many sensors, such as the vision sensor and the laser displacement sensor, have been developed to automate the arc welding process. However, these sensors have some problems due to the effects of arc light, fumes and spatter. An electromagnetic sensor, which utilizes the generation of an eddy current, was developed for detecting the weld line of a butt joint in which the root gap size was zero. An automatic seam tracking system designed for sheet metal arc welding was constructed with a sensor. Through experiments, it was revealed that the system had an excellent seam tracking accuracy of the order of ±0.2mm.

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Kim, J.-W., and J.-H. Shin. "A study of a dual-electromagnetic sensor system for weld seam tracking of I-butt joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440503322420232.

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Seam tracking systems for the arc welding process use various kinds of sensor including the arc sensor, vision sensor and laser displacement sensor. Among the various sensors available, the electromagnetic sensor is one of the most useful methods, especially in sheet metal butt-joint arc welding, primarily because it is hardly affected by the intense arc light and fumes generated during the welding process, or by the surface conditions of the weldment such as paint marks and scratches. In this study, a dual-electromagnetic sensor, which utilizes the induced current variation in the sensing coil due to the eddy current variation in the metal near the sensor, was developed for the arc welding of sheet metal I-butt joints. The dual-electromagnetic sensor thus detects the offset displacement of the weld line from the centre of the sensor head, even when there is no gap in the joint. A set of design variables for the sensor was examined to determine the maximum sensing capability through repeated experiments. Seam tracking was performed by correcting the position of the sensor to the amount of offset displacement determined during each sampling period. From the experimental results, the developed sensor system showed an excellent capability for weld seam detection and tracking when the sensor-to-workpiece distance was less than 5mm.

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Rahmani Fard, Javad, and Mohammad Ardebili. "Sensor-less control of a novel axial flux-switching permanent-magnet motor." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 6 (November 5, 2018): 2299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2017-0512.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to suggest a novel current sensor-less drive system for a novel axial flux-switching permanent-magnet motor drive to reduce the costs and avoid problems caused by faults of the current sensors. Design/methodology/approach Commonly, a conventional controller needs at least two current sensors; in this paper, the current sensors are removed by replacing estimated stator current with the extended Kalman filter. Findings A prototype of the novel axial flux-switching permanent-magnet motor is fabricated and tested. It is found that the experimental results confirm the proposed method and show that the control has almost the same performance and ability as the conventional control. Originality/value The axial flux-switching permanent-magnet motor is one of the most efficient motors, but current sensor-less control of an axial flux-switching permanent-magnet motor with a sandwiched permanent magnet and a unity displacement winding factor has not been specially reported to date. Thus, in this paper, the authors report on current sensor-less control based on the extended Kalman filter for electric vehicles.

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Han, Ruicong, and Xuefeng Zhao. "Shaking Table Tests and Validation of Multi-Modal Sensing and Damage Detection Using Smartphones." Buildings 11, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100477.

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems using modal- and vibration-based methods, particularly wireless systems, have been widely investigated in relation to the monitoring of damage states in civil infrastructures such as bridges and buildings. Unlike many current efforts in developing wireless sensors, one can instead leverage the suite of sensors, network transmission, data storage, and embedded processing capabilities built into modern smartphones for SHM. The objective of this work was to assess and validate the use of smartphones for the monitoring of artificial damage states in a three-story steel frame model subjected to shaking table-induced earthquake excitations. The steel frame was a 2D structure with six rotary viscous dampers installed at the beam–column joints, which were used for simulating different damage states at their respective locations; the columns were also replaced with ones of reduced cross-sectional areas to further emulate damage. In addition to instrumenting the frame with conventional tethered sensors, Apple iPhones (pre-loaded with customized smartphone apps to record acceleration and inter-story displacement) were also installed. Shaking table tests were then conducted on the undamaged and damaged frames, while conventional sensors’ and smartphones’ responses were collected and compared. Wavelet packet decomposition was employed to analyze the acceleration data to detect damage in two different cases. Structural displacements were also computed from acceleration measurements and compared with displacement measurements to further validate the quality of smartphone sensor measurements.

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Lian, Meng, Hai Bo Liu, Yong Qing Wang, Yang Li, Xian Jun Sheng, and Ying Wei Ying. "A Surface Normal On-Machine Measuring Method Using Eddy-Current (EC) Sensor Array." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 6 (November 4, 2016): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0977.

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Normal vector measurements of the machining point and attitude adjustments of the end effector are key aspects to meet the technological requirements of hole verticality in auto-drilling and the residual wall thickness in mirror milling. In this paper, a surface normal on-machine measuring method using an EC sensor array is proposed. The influences of the object surface inclination and the sensor array arrangement on the performance of EC displacement sensors were investigated, and the sensor measuring errors from coupling interference were effectively eliminated. Moreover, a practical calibration algorithm was established in which the positions of the EC sensors in a normal vector calculation model were accurately corrected. The feasibility of the measuring method was validated through a calibration experiment, as well as a measurement experiment based on the calibration results. The accuracy of a normal vector measurement is improved when applying the accuracy compensation and position calibration algorithm of an EC array to engineering practices.

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Xu, Q. S., and C. S. Ai. "Minute Displacement Measurement with Eddy Current Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 426 (January 2012): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.426.251.

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Typically, eddy current sensor describes the distance by measuring the voltage reflected impedance of the coil. But in some cases, such as the measurement of different materials, the voltage (impedance Z) doesn’t change monotonously which may affect the sensor Measuring range and even the accuracy of the results. So we designed a new structure of eddy current sensor using phase sensitive detection techniques to analysis the impedance of the coil. After the A/D convention of C8051F020 MCU, the signal is analyzed and processed in PC,the displacement of the object is got. The experiment shows that the device has a high accuracy and stability, suitable for the tiny-distance measurement of different materials.

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Lin, Keng-Yu, Arturo Gamboa-Gonzalez, and Michael Wehner. "Soft Robotic Sensing, Proprioception via Cable and Microfluidic Transmission." Electronics 10, no. 24 (December 19, 2021): 3166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243166.

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Current challenges in soft robotics include sensing and state awareness. Modern soft robotic systems require many more sensors than traditional robots to estimate pose and contact forces. Existing soft sensors include resistive, conductive, optical, and capacitive sensing, with each sensor requiring electronic circuitry and connection to a dedicated line to a data acquisition system, creating a rapidly increasing burden as the number of sensors increases. We demonstrate a network of fiber-based displacement sensors to measure robot state (bend, twist, elongation) and two microfluidic pressure sensors to measure overall and local pressures. These passive sensors transmit information from a soft robot to a nearby display assembly, where a digital camera records displacement and pressure data. We present a configuration in which one camera tracks 11 sensors consisting of nine fiber-based displacement sensors and two microfluidic pressure sensors, eliminating the need for an array of electronic sensors throughout the robot. Finally, we present a Cephalopod-chromatophore-inspired color cell pressure sensor. While these techniques can be used in a variety of soft robot devices, we present fiber and fluid sensing on an elastomeric finger. These techniques are widely suitable for state estimation in the soft robotics field and will allow future progress toward robust, low-cost, real-time control of soft robots. This increased state awareness is necessary for robots to interact with humans, potentially the greatest benefit of the emerging soft robotics field.

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Wu, Junpeng, Yang Zheng, and Xiaoyi Li. "Recent Progress in Self-Powered Sensors Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 7129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217129.

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The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has subverted people’s lives, causing the rapid development of sensor technologies. However, traditional sensor energy sources, like batteries, suffer from the pollution problem and the limited lifetime for powering widely implemented electronics or sensors. Therefore, it is essential to obtain self-powered sensors integrated with renewable energy harvesters. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which can convert the surrounding mechanical energy into electrical energy based on the surface triboelectrification effect, was born of this background. This paper systematically introduces the working principle of the TENG-based self-powered sensor, including the triboelectrification effect, Maxwell’s displacement current, and quantitative analysis method. Meanwhile, this paper also reviews the recent application of TENG in different fields and summarizes the future development and current problems of TENG. We believe that there will be a rise of TENG-based self-powered sensors in the future.

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Zhang, Weifeng, Jianguo Bu, Dongjie Li, Ke Zhang, and Ming Zhou. "Coupling Interference between Eddy Current Sensors for the Radial Displacement Measurement of a Cylindrical Target." Sensors 22, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 4375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124375.

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In the radial displacement measurement of a small-sized cylindrical target, coupling interference between eddy current sensors reduces the accuracy of the measurement. In this study, finite element method (FEM) simulation based on ANSYS Maxwell was adopted to investigate the relationships between the coupling coefficient of the sensors and different parameters including the lift-off, cylinder diameter, axis angle, material, and excitation frequency. The experimental results were consistent with the simulation results. The coupling interference between the sensors increased with the decrease in the lift-off and cylinder diameter. The coupling effect decreased significantly when the probe axis angle increased to 120°, and the decrease in the sensor sensitivity was acceptable. A polynomial fitting function fitted the output signal well. A compensation method was given based on the compensation necessity evaluation. The results showed that the error of the rotor motion track was significantly decreased after compensation.

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Gao, Yan, Ketian Sun, Jiayi Tian, and Xiaodong Wu. "Research on the Application of MEMS Intelligent Sensor in Abnormal Monitoring of Metro Tunnel by Simplified Model Tests." Micromachines 13, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081242.

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The current monitoring methods for tunnel structure deformation mainly focus on laser distance measurement, fiber Bragg grating, photogrammetry, electronic total station, hydrostatic leveling and so on. Compared with traditional monitoring methods, MEMS sensors have the advantages of small size, low cost, low energy consumption and high accuracy. In this paper, MEMS sensors are used for the continuous real-time intelligent monitoring of model tunnels, and the multi-point deployment of MEMS sensors is set up for the tunnel structure monitoring with the indicators of acceleration and inclination. The results demonstrated that β-sample interpolation of the angles of the MEMS measurement points, and then integration of the overall displacements can better reflect the form of uneven settlement of the tunnel. For tunnel models with uneven settlement as the main deformation, the angle interpolation method allows the MEMS sensor to measure the vertical displacement more accurately and to determine the load mode to a certain extent. However, for tunnel models with global settlement as the main deformation, the results vary considerably from reality, as only the uneven part of the settlement can be measured using the angular interpolation method.

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Chen, Yu Rong, Xu Dong Yang, and Tie Bang Xie. "A Non-Contact Displacement Sensor with Diffraction Grating Metrology System for Profile Measurement." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.74.

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Focus detection method is one of non-contact profile measurement methods. However, the measurement accuracy of current focus detection method is limited by voice coil motor adopted by it. In this paper, based on an improved Foucault focus detection method, a new non-contact displacement sensor with diffraction grating metrology system is presented. Driven by a piezoelectric actuator instead of a voice coil motor, and a diffraction grating metrology system being with it, the sensor has high measurement accuracy. During surface profile sampling, according to focusing deviation signal, the focusing lens was driven to move vertically by the piezoelectric actuator so that its focus was always located on the workpiece surface, synchronously the vertical displacement of the focusing lens was obtained by the diffraction grating metrology system as the profile height of sampling points. The displacements of all sampling points gave the whole profile of the measured surface, which can be processed by a characterization software to obtain the measurement result. The resolution of the non-contact displacement sensor was 10 nm.

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Wang, Sheng-Ching, Bo-Ren Xie, and San-Ming Huang. "Design and Analysis of Small Size Eddy Current Displacement Sensor." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 7444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197444.

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A systematic method is employed for the design and analysis of a small size eddy current (EC) displacement sensor. Simulations are first performed to determine the optimal winding structure and dimensions of the sensor. A linear-fitting approach is then developed for converting the AC displacement signal of the sensor to a DC signal. Finally, a compensation method is proposed for mitigating the temperature drift of the EC sensor under different working temperatures. The experimental results show that the proposed sensor has a sensitivity of approximately 3 μm, a working temperature range of 25–55 °C, and a linearity of ±1.025%.

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He, Jin, Hao Zhang, and Meng Zhu. "Calibration of Eddy Current Sensor Using Speckle Photography." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.79.

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Double exposure speckle is proposed to calibrate eddy current sensor in micro-displacement measurement for its simplicity, robustness and high resolution. The specklegram is taken as the vector of the displacement. The actual displacement of an object is calculated according to the speckle displacement on the spatial term, which is worked out according to the fringe spacing on the spectrum surface. A calibration system is proposed with proper speckle size and imaging magnification. Experiments showed that the accuracy of displacement measurement is 0.196um with an optical magnification 65.8. The calibration curve of the eddy current sensor is consistent with the result by a nanopositioning system.

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Adelstein, Bernard D., Eric R. Johnston, and Stephen R. Ellis. "Dynamic Response of Electromagnetic Spatial Displacement Trackers." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 5, no. 3 (January 1996): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1996.5.3.302.

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Overall system latency—the elapsed time from input human motion until the immediate consequences of that input are available in the display—is one of the most frequently cited shortcoming of current virtual environment (VE) technology. Given that spatial displacement trackers are employed to monitor head and hand position and orientation in many VE applications, the dynamic response intrinsic to these devices is an unavoidable contributor to overall system latency. In this paper, we describe a testbed and method for measurement of tracker dynamic response that use a motorized rotary swing arm to sinusoidally displace the VE sensor at a number of frequencies spanning the bandwidth of volitional human movement. During the tests, actual swing arm angle and VE sensor reports are collected and time stamped. By calibrating the time stamping technique, the tracker's internal transduction and processing time are separated from data transfer and host computer software execution latencies. We have used this test-bed to examine several VE sensors—most recently to compare latency, gain, and noise characteristics of two commercially available electromagnetic trackers: Ascension Technology Corp.'s Flock of Birds™ and Polhemus Inc.'s Fastrak™.

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SHIMOJIMA, Yoshifumi, Kohei OMURA, Yinggang BU, and Tsutomu MIZUNO. "Examination of Oscillation Frequency to Reduce Change in the Sensitivity of an Eddy-current Displacement Sensor due to Coaxial Cable Torsion." Journal of the Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 23, no. 3 (2015): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14243/jsaem.23.448.

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Ren, Zongqiang, Hongwei Li, and Wentao Yu. "Research on Coil Impedance of Self-Inductive Displacement Sensor Considering Core Eddy Current." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 6292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186292.

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The inductive displacement sensor is widely used in active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems to detect rotor displacement in real time, and the performance of the sensor directly affects the performance of AMB. At present, most theoretical studies on the working principle of inductive displacement sensor are based on a traditional mathematical model, ignoring the influence of the core magnetic resistance and core eddy current, which will lead to a certain error between the theoretical analysis of the sensor output characteristics and the actual situation. In this regard, based on the theory of electromagnetic field and circuit, an improved theoretical model of the inductive sensor was established in this paper by introducing the complex permeability, by which the influence of core eddy current on magnetic field can be taken into account. In order to verify the improved model, an eight-pole radial self-inductive displacement sensor with an air gap of 1 mm was designed. Then the electromagnetic field of the designed sensor was simulated by a finite element software and the GW LCR-6100 measuring instrument was used to measure the changes of the inductance and resistance of the designed sensor core coils with the rotor displacement at 20–100 kHz. The results demonstrated that there is a good linear relationship between the impedance change of the sensor coils and the rotor displacement within the measurement range of −0.4 ~ +0.4 mm. At the same time, compared with the traditional model, the sensitivity of the improved theoretical model is closer to the results from FEM and experiment, and the accuracy of the sensitivity of the improved theoretical model can be approximately doubled, despite there are certain differences with the experimental situation. Therefore, the improved theoretical model considering complex permeability is of great significance for studying the influence of core eddy current on the coil impedance of sensor.

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Geng, Peng, and Yan Liu. "Line Detection of Power Transmission Network Using Multi Photoelectric Sensors and Its Robustness Under Interaction." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.3078.

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The characteristics of the layered reference model, physical layer, MAC layer and defined LR-WPAN network of IEEE802.15.4 are analyzed, and a set of power transmission line detection system based on wireless sensor network is designed. The network is mainly composed of photoelectric sensors (acceleration sensor, displacement sensor). The system design includes the determination of detection content, the selection of sensors and the topological structure of wireless network. In addition, the hardware structure of the photoelectric sensor node is designed, and the small current transformer is introduced to solve the problem of energy supply between multiple photoelectric sensors. Due to the complementary relationship between power system and sensor information system, the concepts of power information-dependent network and load capacity are introduced to build a power sensor information-dependent network with the load. In the experiment, the positioning effect of different photoelectric sensor nodes in the detection system is analyzed. The results show that most photoelectric sensors have a good positioning effect, and the link in the line can be self-organized according to the sensor node information; in the power sensor information-dependent network, the damage degree of the maximum load node is compared when it is attacked by the network; the damage degree of random attack is lower than that of deliberate attack, and the dependent network architecture with easy connection has strong robustness. Since a single network has dependent edges, it is vulnerable to cascading failure attacks.

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Bertacchini, Alessandro, Marco Lasagni, and Gabriele Sereni. "Effects of the Target on the Performance of an Ultra-Low Power Eddy Current Displacement Sensor for Industrial Applications." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081287.

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The demand for smart, low-power, and low-cost sensors is rapidly increasing with the proliferation of industry automation. In this context, an Ultra-Low Power Eddy Current Displacement Sensor (ULP-ECDS) targeting common industrial applications and designed to be embedded in wireless Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices is presented. A complete characterization of the realized ULP-ECDS operating with different metallic targets was carried out. The choice of the considered targets in terms of material and thickness was inspired by typical industrial scenarios. The experimental results show that the realized prototype works properly with extremely low supply voltages, allowing for obtaining an ultra-low power consumption, significantly lower than other state-of-the-art solutions. In particular, the proposed sensor reached the best resolution of 2 µm in case of a carbon steel target when operated with a supply voltage of 200 mV and with a power consumption of 150 µW. By accepting a resolution of 12 µm, it is possible to further reduce the power consumption of the sensor to less than 10 µW. The obtained results also demonstrate how the performances of the sensor are strongly dependent on both the target and the demodulation technique used to extract the displacement information. This allowed for defining some practical guidelines that can help the design of effective solutions considering application-specific constraints.

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Ma, Kunlong, Qianyun Yang, Jin Zhang, Xueming Dang, and Penghao Hu. "A New 2D Displacement Measurement Method Based on an Eddy Current Sensor and Absolute Encoding." Machines 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10111077.

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A new method of two-dimensional (2D) plane displacement measurement based on an eddy current sensor is proposed in this paper. A series of grooves with different widths and depths are graved on the linear displacement table to form 2D absolute coding using the idea of pseudorandom coding. The eddy current sensor array is arranged above the groove to identify the coding. An artificial neural network is used to establish a measurement model which is the mapping relationship between the output of the eddy current sensor array and the 2D displacement of the workbench. A feasibility experiment showed that in the range of 20 × 20 mm, the root mean square error of measurement in the X- and Y-directions are 83 and 73 μm, respectively. The new method integrates eddy current sensor and artificial neural network modeling to realize 2D displacement measurement, which provides a new solution for displacement and angle measurement.

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Kawasaki, Yuta, and Hidetoshi Takahashi. "Spiral Spring-Supported Force Plate with an External Eddy Current Displacement Sensor." Actuators 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12010016.

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This study proposes a force plate with a planar spring and an eddy current displacement sensor to measure the ground reaction force (GRF) of a small insect and reveal its motion characteristics. The proposed force plate comprises a circular aluminum plate, four aluminum springs symmetrically connected to the plate, and an eddy current displacement sensor under the plate. The diameter and thickness of the fabricated plate were 8 and 0.1 mm, respectively. The spring width was 0.4 mm. When a force is applied to the plate, the plate moves vertically downward. Then, an eddy current displacement sensor detects the plate displacement without contact. The applied force can be measured using Hooke’s law. The proposed force plate has the advantages of ease of fabrication and cost-effectiveness. The central displacement variation and resonant frequency of the designed springs were evaluated by simulation. Then, we calibrated the fabricated force plate to obtain the sensitivity variation and resonant frequency. The experimental results suggest that the proposed force plate can effectively measure the GRF of a small insect.

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Matsumura, Noriaki, Hiroshi Machida, and Takafumi Nakahara. "Equivalent Resistance Analysis of an Eddy Current Displacement Sensor." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 125, no. 4 (2005): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.125.301.

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Jin, Sheng He, Vo Ngoc Vu, and Hyeong-Joon Ahn. "A Collocated Eddy-Current Displacement Sensor for Magnetic Bearings." Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/jkspe.021.091.

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Wang, Peng, Zhibin Fu, and Tianhuai Ding. "A frameless eddy current sensor for cryogenic displacement measurement." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 159, no. 1 (April 2010): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2010.01.029.

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Kim, Y. S., Y. H. Choi, J. M. Lee, J. S. Noh, and F. Bien. "Displacement sensor circuit using eddy current for automobile brake." Electronics Letters 46, no. 22 (2010): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.1878.

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Tsutomu, Mizuno, Goto Sho, Deguchi Kenta, Kitamura Yoshinori, Asato Yuichi, Enoki Shigemi, and Shinagawa Hiroki. "Method for Identifying Type of Eddy-Current Displacement Sensor." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 47, no. 10 (October 2011): 3554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2011.2158298.

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Dahmen, Nikolaj, Roland Hohensinn, and John Clinton. "Comparison and Combination of GNSS and Strong-Motion Observations: A Case Study of the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto Earthquake." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 6 (August 18, 2020): 2647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120200135.

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ABSTRACT The 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake resulted in exceptional datasets of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and seismic data. We explore the spatial similarity of the signals and investigate procedures for combining collocated sensor data. GNSS enables the direct observation of the long-period ground displacements, limited by noise levels in regimes of millimeters to several centimeters. Strong-motion accelerometers are inertial sensors and therefore optimally resolve middle- to high-frequency strong ground motion. The double integration from acceleration to displacement amplifies long-period errors introduced by tilt, rotation, noise, and nonlinear instrument responses and can lead to large nonphysical drifts. For the case study of the Kumamoto earthquake, 39 GNSS stations (1 samples/s) with nearby located strong-motion accelerometers (100 samples/s) are investigated. The GNSS waveforms obtained by precise point positioning under real-time conditions prove to be very similar to the postprocessed result. Real-time GNSS and nearby located accelerometers show consistent observations for periods between ∼3–5 and ∼50–100 s. The matching frequency range is defined by the long-period noise of the accelerometer and the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of GNSS, when it comes to small displacements close to its noise level. Current procedures in fusing the data with a Kalman filter are verified for the dataset of this event. Combined data result in a very broadband waveform that covers the optimal frequency range of each sensor. We explore how to integrate fused processing in a real-time network, including event detection and magnitude estimation. Carrying out a statistical test on the GNSS records allows us to identify seismic events and sort out stations with a low SNR, which would otherwise impair the quality of downstream products. The results of this study reinforce the emerging consensus that there is real benefit to collocation GNSS and strong-motion sensors for the monitoring of moderate-to-large earthquakes.

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Zhang, Jia-Wei, Hong-Bo Yao, Yuan-Zheng Zhang, Wei-Bo Jiang, Yong-Hui Wu, Ya-Ju Zhang, Tian-Yong Ao, and Hai-Wu Zheng. "Self-powered sensing based on triboelectric nanogenerator through machine learning and its application." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 7 (2022): 078702. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211632.

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In the era of The Internet of Things, how to develop a smart sensor system with sustainable power supply, easy deployment and flexible use has become an urgent problem to be solved. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) driven by Maxwell’s Displacement Current can convert mechanical motion into electrical signals, thus it can be used as a self-powered sensor. Sensors based on TENGs have the advantages of simple structure and high instantaneous power density, which provide an important means to build intelligent sensor systems. Meanwhile, machine learning, as a technique with low cost, short development cycle, and strong data processing capabilities and predictive capabilities, is effective in processing the large amount of electrical signals generated by TENG. This article combines the latest research progress of TENG-based sensor systems for signal processing and intelligent recognition by employing machine learning techniques, and outlines the technical features and research status of this research direction from the perspectives of traffic safety, environmental monitor, information security, human-computer interaction and health motion detection. Finally, this article also in-depth discusses the current challenges and future development trends in this field, and analyzes how to improve in the future to open up a broader application space. It is suggested that the integration of machine learning technology and TENG-based sensors will promote the rapid development of intelligent sensor networks in the future.

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Tao, Yu, Zhi Feng Zhang, Yu Sheng Zhai, Yu Ling Su, and Hai Zeng Liu. "Study on Temperature’s Character of Eddy Current Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 742 (March 2015): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.742.36.

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The eddy current sensor can be used to measure the displacement. It is widely used in petrifaction, electric power, mechanism. The eddy current sensor has fast dynamic response, non-contact measurement, and better adaptability characters. The accuracy of eddy current sensor often is influenced by the environment temperature. The environment temperature effect is analyzed and put forward to a method to compensate to enhance the accuracy.

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Ma, Bao Ji, and Yu Lian. "Experimental Study on Dynamic Measurement of ELID Oxidation Film Thickness Based on LabVIEW." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1444.

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According to the formation mechanism and characteristics of ELID oxidation film, based on the LabVIEW development platform, the oxidation film thickness was measured by using the laser displacement sensor and eddy current displacement sensor. And the experiments show that it is a feasible method to use laser and eddy current sensor to measure the thickness of oxidation film, the static and dynamic measuring deviation is 6 μm.

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Nabavi, M. R., and S. Nihtianov. "A Novel Interface for Eddy Current Displacement Sensors." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 58, no. 5 (May 2009): 1623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2009.2012945.

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Jiang, Lei, Xiao Zhang Zhang, Yu Jie Bai, and Chang Liang Tang. "Preliminary Experiment of CFRP Displacement Direct Measurement with Eddy Current Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.3.

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Displacement and vibration can always be found during the applications of CFRP ( carbon fibe reforced polymer). So it’s quite meaningful to measure the displacement of CFRP directly. Eddy current sensor is a promising tool for this measurement. CFRP presents great heterogeneity and high anisotropy in electromagnetic properties. At the same time, it has been proved that CFRP has quite weak conductivity. All of these means great challenge to the use of eddy current sensor, as the sensitivity would be much lower compared with traditional material such as aluminum. Many experiments have been carried out on the experimental platform self-developed in laboratory. A simplified eddy current sensor with adjustable resonant circuits was designed. Two different kinds of CFRP were used as specimens. For purposes of comparison, an aluminum ingot sample was also tested. A number of experimental data and results have been achieved. It is shown that the sensitivity will be highly improved by adjusting the divider resistance and the actuation frequency.

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Gorodilov, LV, VP Efimov, PV Sazhin, VG Kudryavtsev, and AI Pershin. "Method of studying the movement of the impact device case in the well taking into account the reaction of the rock massif." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 991, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/991/1/012048.

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Abstract Abstract A technique of experimental study of the movements of the impact device case in the well has been developed, including the use of “low-frequency” (current-vortex) displacement sensors and “high-frequency” (accelerometers) acceleration sensors. After registration, software signal processing was performed, including double integration of accelerations and determination of points of interface of displacements obtained after integration and direct registration. Oscillograms of measurements at different values reaction from the rock mass are given. The quantitative aspects of the phenomenon are discussed, and an attempt is made to identify the relationship between the quantitative indicators of impact pulses and the movement of impact device body.

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Granyak, Valeriy. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF OVERHEAD PARAMETRIC EDDY CURRENT PRIMARY MEASURING TRANSDUCER OF ABSOLUTE MOVEMENT." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 2(97) (August 27, 2020): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2020-2-13.

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To date, even in the developed countries of Europe, more than 50% of the power generating equipment of hydropower plants have worked their design life. In the CIS countries, the percentage of such equipment is even higher. The complete replacement of such equipment requires a large amount of investment, while a significant part of the latter has a satisfactory technical condition for the further extension of the service life. However, with an increase in the operating time of every electrical equipments, the probability of its failure inevitably increases, which can lead to significant material losses and to a significant danger to the life and health of the power plant personnel. Therefore, in view of the foregoing, monitoring and early diagnosis systems, which are entrusted with the protection function of both hydraulic turbines and auxiliary power equipment, are becoming increasingly relevant. One of the most promising methods of technical control and diagnostics of hydraulic units is the analysis of their vibro-acoustic characteristics. Including the axial component. However, a significant technical problem that arises in the construction of such systems is the limited use of known absolute vibration displacement sensors due to the lack of their high-precision mathematical models. In the article a mathematical model of an overhead parametric eddy current primary measuring transducer of absolute displacement has been developed. It is shown that both the effective value of the output current and the shift of its initial phase are found to be functionally dependent on the distance between the sensor and the conductive medium with a stable supply voltage. It has been established that, while ensuring acceptable overall dimensions, this sensor has sufficient sensitivity to convert the displacement to the effective (amplitude) value of the output current, which is constant in the range of movement from 0 to 5 mm, to ensure the required measurement accuracy.

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Mukherjee, Tania, and Tarun K. Bhattacharyya. "Temperature Effect on the Sensitivity of a Highly Sensitive Micro-Machined Displacement Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1396.

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In this paper, a comparative study of temperature effect which introduces a thermionic current under a high applied electric field, on three different modes of field emission current, such as Tunneling current, Fowler-Nordheim current and Field emission current in between these two regions has been done. Moreover, an idea of micromechanical displacement sensor with high sensitivity, operating in Fowler-Nordheim current mode, has been proposed. The displacement sensitivity of proposed sensor in Fowler-Nordheim current domain is about 10-9 m/A. The displacement sensitivity has been shifted from its expected value due to thermal effect (at 700K temperature) at about 1010V/m applied electric field across tip gap.

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Ferreira Dias, Claudio, Juliane Regina de Oliveira, Lucas D. de Mendonça, Larissa M. de Almeida, Eduardo R. de Lima, and Lucas Wanner. "An IoT-Based System for Monitoring the Health of Guyed Towers in Overhead Power Lines." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 6173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186173.

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The collapse of overhead power line guyed towers is one of the leading causes of power grid failures, subjecting electricity companies to pay considerable, high-value fines. In this way, the current work proposes a novel and complete framework for the remote monitoring of mechanical stresses in guyed towers. The framework method comprises a mesh network for data forwarding and neural networks to improve the performance of Low-Power and Lossy Networks. The method also considers the use of multiple sensors in the sensor fusion technique. As a result, the risk of collapse of guyed cable towers reduces, due to the remote monitoring and preventive actions promoted by the framework. Furthermore, the proposed method uses multiple input variable fusions, such as accelerometers and tension sensors, to estimate the tower’s displacement. These estimations help address the structural health of the tower against failures (i.e., loosening of the stay cables, displacement, and vibrations) that can cause catastrophic events, such as tower collapse or even cable rupture.

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Tsai, Hung Yih, Jeng Shyong Chen, and Yuan Yong Hsu. "Design and Implementation of a Novel Communication Interface for Eddy Current Displacement Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2312.

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A serial communication interface is designed for an eddy current displacement sensor, which consists of a probe, an oscillating drive circuit, and an RMS-to-DC converter. The experimental results show that the output voltage of the eddy current displacement sensor is 0~5V, the resolution is FS±0.25%, and the maximum linearity error is ±0.6%. In addition, user interfaces for digital signals and serial communication output signals are also built so that users can set the communication parameters to be integrated with industrial automation equipments or to be used by automated production line. The main advantages for the eddy current displacement sensor designed and developed in this paper include low energy consumption, low price, reconfigurable format, friendly interface, customized installation and easy assembly. Also, the serial communication design meets the requirements of flexible production process, production monitoring, and remote malfunction diagnosis, etc. It is applicable to all commercial machine tools or industrial machinery family.

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Grobler, A. J., G. van Schoor, and E. O. Ranft. "Design and Optimisation of a PCB Eddy Current Displacement Sensor." SAIEE Africa Research Journal 108, no. 1 (March 2017): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/saiee.2017.8531511.

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Matsumura, Noriaki, Masanobu Mizoguchi, Hiroshi Machida, and Takafumi Nakahara. "Temperature Drift Reduction Method of an Eddy Current Displacement Sensor." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 126, no. 3 (2006): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.169.

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Yu, Yating, Guiyun Tian, Xinhua Li, and Anthony Simm. "An approach to ERO problem in displacement eddy current sensor." Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation 28, no. 3 (September 2013): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2012.740041.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Displacement curent sensor'

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