Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dispersion parameters'

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1

Wang, Bo Sen. "Statistical process control of process dispersion when parameters are unknown." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1872930.

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2

De, Samrat. "Effect of Variation of the Systemic Parameters on the Structural Response of Single Degree of Freedom Systems Subjected to Incremental Dynamic Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9730.

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This thesis presents the results of a study of the effect of variations of systemic parameters on the structural response of single degree of freedom systems subjected to Incremental Dynamic Analysis. The systemic parameters are mass, stiffness, damping, yield strength and geometric stiffness. Each of these parameters was varied one at a time while the other values were kept constant. For each variation of parameters a set of single-record IDA curves was obtained. Five to six ground motions were used for this study to generate the single-record IDA curves. These ground motions were scaled prior to their application on the structure. The scaling factor was based on the spectral acceleration at the fundamental frequency of the structure at 5% of critical damping. The scale factor is affected if the system parameters are changed. An important issue for this study was whether to persist with scaling corresponding to the median value from the range of the values of the parameter or to update the scaling according to the system. Based on some tests using both methods, the median scaling approach was found to be more suitable. The IDA curves for variation of parameters were then investigated to identify any trends that may help in qualitatively predicting the response of a system relative to another system. The response was measured by the peak displacement and the maximum base shear of the system. A clear trend was identified when the damping or the yield strength was varied. However, no definite trend was observed when the material stiffness or the geometric stiffness of the system was varied.
Master of Science
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3

Nowak, Wolfgang. "Geostatistical methods for the identification of flow and transport parameters in the subsurface." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11759377.

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4

Sashkova, Y. V., and E. N. Odarenko. "The Effect of Additional Layers Parameters on the Modifided Bragg Waveguide Characteristics." Thesis, IEEE, 2017. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/18112.

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Bragg waveguide with additional layers between hollow core and periodic cladding is considered. On the base of dispersion equation solutions dispersion diagrams are obtained. The transversal spatial distributions of the electric field intensity are shown. The characteristics of Bragg waveguide respect to additional layer thickness and permittivity are considered. It is shown that increase of additional layers thickness results in increase of slow-waves number. Also field intensity decay in channel is reduced. Number of slow-waves increases respect to additional layers permittivity too. But distribution of the electric field intensity in the channel changes insignificantly. So one can tune additional layers parameters to get expected Bragg waveguide characteristics.
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5

Ruddy, Sean Matthew. "Shrinkage of dispersion parameters in the double exponential family of distributions, with applications to genomic sequencing." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3686002.

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The prevalence of sequencing experiments in genomics has led to an increased use of methods for count data in analyzing high-throughput genomic data to perform analyses. The importance of shrinkage methods in improving the performance of statistical methods remains. A common example is that of gene expression data, where the counts per gene are often modeled as some form of an overdispersed Poisson. In this case, shrinkage estimates of the per-gene dispersion parameter have lead to improved estimation of dispersion in the case of a small number of samples. We address a different count setting introduced by the use of sequencing data: comparing differential proportional usage via an overdispersed binomial model. Such a model can be useful for testing differential exon inclusion in mRNA-Seq experiments in addition to the typical differential gene expression analysis. In this setting, there are fewer such shrinkage methods for the dispersion parameter. We introduce a novel method that is developed by modeling the dispersion based on the double exponential family of distributions proposed by Efron (1986), also known as the exponential dispersion model (Jorgensen, 1987). Our methods (WEB-Seq and DEB-Seq) are empirical bayes strategies for producing a shrunken estimate of dispersion that can be applied to any double exponential dispersion family, though we focus on the binomial and poisson. These methods effectively detect differential proportional usage, and have close ties to the weighted likelihood strategy of edgeR developed for gene expression data (Robinson and Smyth, 2007; Robinson et al., 2010). We analyze their behavior on simulated data sets as well as real data for both differential exon usage and differential gene expression. In the exon usage case, we will demonstrate our methods' superior ability to control the FDR and detect truly different features compared to existing methods. In the gene expression setting, our methods fail to control the FDR; however, the rankings of the genes by p-value is among the top performers and proves to be robust to both changes in the probability distribution used to generate the counts and in low sample size situations. We provide implementation of our methods in the R package DoubleExpSeq available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).

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6

Gislason, Gardar. "Effect of Petrophysical Parameters on Seismic Waveform Signatures : Review of Theory with Case Study from Frigg Delta Oil Field, Norway." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303793.

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Conventional AVO analysis has been used for the past 4 decades to aid in locating oil and gas reservoirs for extraction. It is, however, not possible to use it to acquire information on the porosity of the rock, the fluid saturation or other important petrophysical parameters. In this thesis, I study the effects of attenuation on seismic waveform signatures, due to wave induced fluid-flow. In the first part of the thesis, 2 models were used to synthetically model the attenuation caused by the wave induced fluid-flow: White's model and the double-porosity dual-permeability (DPDP) model. The parameters used for modeling were both synthetic and acquired from real well data of a known oil field off the coast of Norway. White's model was found to model relatively high attenuation (5%) for intermediately consolidated gas reservoirs while oil saturated intermediately consolidated reservoirs showed such low attenuation (0.3%) that it is easy to say that for the real-world situation it would not be detected. The DPDP model seemed to be able to better describe the attenuation and gave attenuations up to 10% for an intermediately consolidated oil reservoir, but due to lack of parameters from well data it was not sufficiently able to model the real-world situation. The synthetic data, however, show interesting characteristics and it is therefore recommended that more and detailed well parameters be acquired if the research should continue. For the second part, Svenska Petroleum Exploration AB and Det Norske Oljeselskap ASA provided stacked seismic data that were spectrally analyzed for hints of attenuation variation with frequency (using Fourier Transform and Complex Spectral Decomposition). Twelve locations, on the stacked seismic cube, were analyzed; six oil saturated; and six (assumed) water saturated. At each location, a main trace was selected along with the two nearby traces on each side of it (five in total). The Complex Spectral Decomposition method seemed unable to correctly break down the stacked section's signal, which is why Fourier Transform was used for further analysis. The frequency analysis showed a peak at ~30 Hz for both oil and water saturated reservoirs which seems like a characteristic frequency of the source, but that was unfortunately not confirmed and not enough time was available to test the assumption. The Fourier transform seems to show some difference between oil and water saturated traces, but that could well be because of lithological differences and not the pore fluid. It is therefore recommended, if research is to be continued, that 4D seismic data is used to analyze the same location with respect to time. It is also recommended that pre-stack or shot data be used as information is lost in stacked data.
Konventionell AVO-analys har använts under fyra deceniär som ett hjälpmedel för att finna olje- och gasreserver, men tekniken kan även användas för att erhålla information om bergets porositet, vätskemättnaden och andra viktiga petrofysiska parametrar. I denna avhandlingen har jag studerat hur våginducerat vätskeflöde påverkar dämpningen av den seismiska vågformssignaturen. I den första delen av avhandlingen användes två metoder för att syntetisk modellera dämpning orsakad av våginducerat vätskeflöde: "White's modell" och "double-porosity dual-permeability (DPDP) modellen". Både syntetiska parametrar och verkliga parametrar från borrhålsdata från ett känt norskt oljefält användes vid modelleringen. White's modell visade sig modellera relativt kraftig dämpning (5%) för medelstarkt konsoliderade gasreservoarer medan för oljereservoarer med motsvaranda konsolidering dämpningen var så låg (0.3%) att det är uppenbart att i en verklig situation skulle dämpningen inte vara mätbar. DPDP modelleringen verkar vara bättre på att beskriva dämpningen och gav dämpningar upp till 10% för en medelstarkt konsoliderad oljereservoar. Brist på parametrar från borrhålsdata gjorde att det inte var möjligt att på ett tillfredställande sätt modellera en verklig situation.Dock visade syntetisk data intressant karaktäristik och det rekommenderas därför att mer och detaljerade borrhålsparametrar mäts om ytterligare forskning om detta ska genomföras. För den andra delen av avhandlingen har Svenska Petroleum Exploration AB och Det Norske Oljeselskap ASA bidragit med stackad seismisk data som även var spectralanalyserad för indikationer på frekvensberoende dämpningsvariationer (utfört med fouriertransform och komplex spectraldekomposition). Tolv områden på den stackade kuben analyserades; sex oljemättade och sex som antogs vara vattenmättade. I varje område valdes en huvudtracé och de två närmaste tracéerna på vardera sida (totalt fem tracéer). Metoden med komplex spectraldekomposition klarade inte att analysera signalen från den stackade sektionen, varför fouriertransform användes för vidare analys. Frekvensanalysen gav en topp vid ~30 Hz för både olje- och vattenmättade reservoarer vilket tycks vara en karaktäristisk frekvens för källan. Detta kunde tyvärr inte bekräftas och tiden räckte inte till för att testa antagandet. Fouriertransformen tycks visa en viss skillnad mellan olje- och vattenmättade tracéer, men det kan också bero på skillnad i litologin snarare än porvätskan. Där för rekommenderas vid fortsättning på denna forskning att 4D seismisk data används för att analysera samma område men med data från olika tidpunkter. Det rekommenderas även att ostackad eller råa skott-data används eftersom väsentlig information kan försvinna när data stackas.

Advisor present: Dr. Chris Juhlin

Examiner: Dr. Milovan Urosevic

Opponent: Álvaro Polín Tornero

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7

RITA, ISAAC NEWTON FERREIRA SANTA. "COMPARISON OF TECHNIQUES FOR CFAR CLEAN AND ANALYSIS OF DISPERSION PARAMETERS OF MOBILE RADIO CHANNEL IN THE 2.5 GHZ." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35416@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
INSTITUTO MILITAR DE ENGENHARIA
CENTRO TECNOLÓGICO DO EXÉRCITO
Este trabalho objetiva apresentar os resultados das medições e a análise da resposta do canal banda larga na faixa de frequências de 2.5 GHz em um ambiente urbano, através da técnica de sondagem de multiportadoras. Para isso, os perfis de retardo de potência desse canal foram obtidos com base nos dados medidos na região da Gávea na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, utilizando duas técnicas de limpeza de perfis de retardo. As técnicas de limpeza são apresentadas e seus resultados são comparados para a transmissão de um sinal de 20MHz de largura de banda. Os Retardos RMS (Root Mean Square) são calculados a partir desses Perfis de Retardo de Potências filtrados e o erro médio quadrático para cada técnica de limpeza é avaliado e comparado para algumas posições do receptor.
This work presents the results of measurements and the analysis of the response of a wide band channel in the 2.5 GHz band for an urban environment, using the multicarrier sounding technique. To do this, the power delay profile (PDP) of the channel was obtained based on data measured at the neighborhood of Gávea, in the Rio de Janeiro, using two power delay profile filtering techniques. The power delay profile filtering techniques are presented and the results are compared for a transmitted signal of 20MHz bandwidth. The RMS (root mean square) delay spreads are determined from the filtered PDPs and from the original ones. The results are compared for some positions of the receiver and the quadratic mean error is evaluated.
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8

Khodami, Maryam. "Dispersion Characteristics of One-dimensional Photonic Band Gap Structures Composed of Metallic Inclusions." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23179.

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An innovative approach for characterization of one dimensional Photonic Band Gap structures comprised of metallic inclusions (i.e. subwavelength dipole elements or resonant ring elements) is presented. Through an efficient S- to T-parameters conversion technique, a detailed analysis has been performed to investigate the variation of the dispersion characteristics of 1-D PBG structures as a function of the cell element configuration. Also, for the first time, the angular sensitivity of the structure has been studied in order to obtain the projected band diagrams for both TE and TM polarizations. Polarization sensitivity of the subwavelength cell element is exploited to propose a novel combination of elements which allows achieving PBGs with simultaneous frequency and polarization selectivity. The proposed approach demonstrates that the dispersion characteristic of each orthogonal polarization can be independently adjusted with dipole elements parallel to that same polarization. Generally, the structure has potential applications in orthomode transducer, and generally whenever the polarization of the incoming signal is to be used as a means of separating it from another signal in the same frequency band that is of orthogonal polarization. The current distribution and the resonance behavior of the ring element is studied and the effect of resonance on dispersion characteristics of 1-D PBGs composed of rings is investigated for the first time, for both individual and coupled rings. Interestingly, it is observed that 1-D PBG composed of resonant elements consistently has a bandgap around the resonant frequency of the single layer structure.
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9

Sabnis, Aniket D. "Impact of material attributes & process parameters on critical quality attributes of the amorphous solid dispersion products obtained using hot melt extrusion." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17458.

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The feasibility of hot melt extrusion (HME) was explored for development of amorphous solid dispersion systems. Controlled release formulations were developed using a cellulose based derivative, AffinisolTMHPMC 100cP and 4M grades. BCS class II drugs ibuprofen and posaconazole were selected due to their difference in glass transition temperature and lipophilicity. This study focused on investigation of the impact the material attributes and process parameters on the critical quality attributes in preparation of amorphous solid dispersions using hot melt extrusion. The critical quality attributes were sub divided into three main attributes of material, process and product. Rheology of ibuprofen-Affinisol 100cP from melt phase to extrudate phase was tracked. A partial factorial design was carried out to investigate the critical parameters affecting HME. For optimisation of 40%IBU-Affinisol 100cP blends, a feed rate of 0.6kg/hr, screw speed of 500rpm and screw configuration with two mixing elements were found to be optimum for single phase extrudates. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was found to be an indirect technique of choice in predicting the maximum ibuprofen drug load within extrudates. Prediction was based on the prepared extrudates without charging them to stability conditions. An alternative strategy of incorporation of di-carboxylic acids to increase the dissolution of posaconazole-Affinisol 4M blends was investigated. Succinic acid and L- malic acid incorporation was found to increase the dissolution of posaconazole. Although, the extrudates crystallised out quicker than the naïve posaconazole-Affinisol 4M, but free posaconazole formed eutectic and co-crystal with succinic and L-malic acid within extrudates. This lead to an increase in dissolution of the extrudates compared to day 0.
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Dooher, Thomas. "Multi-walled carbon nanotube/high temperature polymer composites an investigation into the role of the solubility parameters in predicting dispersion and interfacial bonding." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536463.

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11

Dedewanou, Myriam. "Vulnérabilité spécifique des forages vis-à-vis des phytosanitaires : moélisation et application au Val d'Orléans." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2020/document.

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Les évaluations de vulnérabilité spécifiques pour les ressources d'eau souterraine sont des méthodes SIG qui établissent des indices qualitatifs spatiaux qui déterminent la sensibilité à l'infiltration de polluants superficiels. D'autre part, les fonctions de transfert, comme la Distribution de Temps de Séjour (DTS), sont utilisées pour prévoir le changement temporel de qualité de l'eau au forage, mais ils ne permettent pas de relier les concentrations aux pratiques observées sur le bassin versant. Basé sur une approche analytique, un modèle pour le transport souterrain des produits phytosanitaires liant la vulnérabilité spécifique SIG à la DTS a été développée. L’idée étant de relier les notions de vulnérabilité aux méthodes de prédiction des chroniques de la qualité des eaux. L'outil estime la qualité de l'eau à partir de l'ensemble de données des cartes de vulnérabilité. La validation de cette méthode de vulnérabilité spécifique est possible à partir des données de suivi de la qualité de l’eau au forage. Une formulation de paramètres équivalents a été proposée pour prendre en compte les caractéristiques hydrodynamiques des compartiments de sol (zone saturée et zone non saturée). Une validation théorique de l'approche est faite à l’aide de modèles souterrain à différence finie : HYDRUS et MODFLOW. Une application a été réalisée sur l'aquifère karstique du Val d'Orléans. Elle a permis de déterminer la DTS des concentrations en pesticides dans l'eau souterraine et a mis en évidence la présence non négligeable des métabolites du métazachlore dans le forage. En même temps, le modèle DTS, lié au SIG rend possible la localisation des zones contributrices dans le bassin versant
The specific vulnerability estimations for the groundwater resources are GIS methods that establish spatial qualitative indices which determine the sensitivity of infiltration from surface contaminants. On the other hand, the transfer functions, using the Residence Time Distribution (RTD), are used to predict temporal water quality change in a borehole, but they do not integrate the spatial variability of the land use. Based on an analytic (advection / dispersion equation) approach, a simple GIS-linked RTD model for groundwater transport has been developed. The tool estimates the water quality from the vulnerability map dataset. This method enables to validate the specific vulnerability maps with the water quality monitoring at the borehole. It links the impacts of land use with the temporal evolution of the water quality. A equivalent formulation parameters is proposed to take into account the hydrodynamic characteristics of the soil compartments (unsaturated zone and Saturated Zone). A theoretical validation of the approach is made from finite-difference groundwater models: HYDRUS and MODFLOW. Also, an application of the RTD compilation was realized on the Val d’Orléans karstic aquifer. This last methodology allowed to determine the RTD of pesticides into the groundwater and highlighted the not insignificant presence of the metabolite of the metazachlor in the groundwater drilling. At the same time, the GIS-linked RTD model makes possible the localization of the contributing zones in the watershed
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Toquet, Fabien. "Study of the combined roles of the Silica/Oil/UHMWPE formulation and process parameters on morphological and electrical properties of battery Separators." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1014/document.

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Ce travail s'est concentré sur la compréhension de l'influence de la formulation et plus spécifiquement de la silice précipitée sur la résistivité électrique de séparateurs en polyéthylène destinés à des batteries au plomb. Les séparateurs de batteries en polyéthylène sont composés de silice précipitée, de polyéthylène ultra haute masse molaire (UHMWPE) et d'huile organique. La première partie de ce travail a été d'élaborer à l'échelle du laboratoire, des membranes modèles en polyéthylène. La seconde a été de comprendre l'influence de certains facteurs sur les propriétés structurales et physicochimiques des membranes. Ces facteurs sont principalement la quantité d'huile, la quantité et le grade de silice précipitée, les conditions de température lors de la cristallisation de la membrane et le mode de mise en œuvre utilisé. Les influences des quantités d'huile et de silice sur la cristallisation du polyéthylène sont méticuleusement étudiées, montrant que l'huile aide à augmenter la cristallinité finale de l'UHMWPE et que la silice joue un rôle de réservoir d'huile. Il a également été mis en évidence que la quantité ainsi que le grade de silice influencent la quantité de porosité de la membrane mouillable par l'électrolyte. La présence de silice en surface des pores est responsable de la mouillabilité de la membrane. Un paramètre empirique a donc été proposé dans le but de pouvoir quantifier l'efficacité de l'état de dispersion/distribution de la silice précipitée dans la membrane. Pour terminer, pour une formulation et un même mode de mise en œuvre, il est possible de discriminer l'efficacité des grades de silice précipitée pour l'application séparateur de batterie
This work is devoted to understand the effect of the formulation and more specifically of the precipitated silica on the resistivity of the PE-separators. The PE-separators are designed for the lead-acid batteries. PE-separators are composed of precipitated silica, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) and organic oil. The first part of this work was to elaborate PE-separator models at a laboratory scale. Then, the factors impacting the structural and physico-chemicals properties of PE-separators were investigated. These factors are mainly the amounts of oil, precipitated silica, the grade of the precipitated silica, the temperature conditions of crystallization and the device used to elaborate the membrane. The influence of the amounts of oil and precipitated silica on the crystallization of the polyethylene wasthoroughly described showing that the oil helps to increase the final crystallinity of UHMWPE and that the silica plays a role of oil reservoir. Moreover, it was shown that the amount and the grade of precipitated silica have an influence on the wettable part of the porosity of the PE-separators. The coating of the pores by the precipitated silica is responsible of the wettability of the membranes by the electrolyte. Thus, an empirical parameter has been proposed in order to quantify the efficiency of the dispersion and distribution of the precipitated silica in the membrane. The more the membranes are wettable by the electrolyte the more the resistivity of the membranes is decreased. To finish, for a same amount of components and a same method of processing, it is possible to discriminate the efficiency of each grade of precipitated silica for the battery separator application
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Bohli, Nadra. "Etude physique de la formation de films à base de polymères conducteurs et applications en micro-éléctronique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13961/document.

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La polyaniline est un polymère conducteur intrinsèque aux potentialités indéniables dans le domaine de la micro-électronique. Elle allie la légèreté, le faible coût et la modularité des polymères avec les propriétés de conduction électrique des métaux. La mise à profit de ce mélange de propriétés à l’échelle industrielle nécessite une maitrise des procédés de mise en œuvre de la polyaniline, notamment sous forme de film polymère, domaine où il y a encore un manque de maitrise. Pour y remédier, il faudrait tout d’abord comprendre l’influence de chaque paramètre de mise en œuvre sur les propriétés de conduction du film de polyaniline. Pour cela, nous avons choisi une polyaniline plast-dopée commerciale à l’état de dispersion et avons fait une étude paramétrique sur l’effet du type de solvant utilisé pour la dispersion ainsi que celui de la température d’évaporation de celui-ci lors du dépôt du film. Deux types d’études ont été menés : la première porte sur les propriétés rhéologiques et diélectriques des dispersions de polyaniline et la seconde sur les propriétés structurales et de conduction des films. A travers la première étude, nous avons pu montré que lors du chauffage des dispersions de polyaniline, celles-ci subissaient une transition structurale liquide-liquide du second ordre dont les paramètres varient avec le type du solvant utilisé. A travers la seconde étude, nous avons aussi mis en évidence que les films déposés dans les domaines avoisinant la température transition de phase dans les mélanges liquides sont les moins conducteurs et les moins cristallisés. Selon le type de solvant choisi, deux mécanismes de conduction ont été trouvés : les sauts à portées variables tridimensionnel (VRH 3D), pour le cas de la série de films issus de la dispersion dans l’acide dichloroacétique et déplacement par effet tunnel induit par les fluctuations thermiques (FIT) pour la série de films issus de la dispersion dans le mélange acide dichloroacétique / acide formique. Il en ressort finalement que pour obtenir un film de polyaniline plast-dopée ayant la conductivité la plus élevée, il faut appliquer les conditions expérimentales qui permettent d’obtenir un degré de cristallinité élevé (298 K pour PANI/DCAA)
The purpose of this study is to perform polyaniline films with the highest conductivity. The effect of the solvent type and the casting temperature on the electrical properties of plastdoped polyaniline dispersions and films were investigated. For this purpose, rheological and dielectric investigations have been undertaken for dispersions of plast-doped polyaniline in two different solvents (dichloroacetic acid and formic acid / dichloroacetic acid mixture). Changes appearing above a certain temperature, 318K for PANI/DCAA and 313K for PANI/DCAA-FA, for both rheological dielectric and rheological parameters revealed the existence of a second order liquid-liquid structural transition occurring in the polyaniline organic dispersions. We also investigated the effect of the selected processing parameters on the film properties. We found that the DC conductivity mechanism is governed by Mott’s three-dimensional variable range hopping (3D VRH) model for PANI/DCAA films and by a fluctuation induced tunnelling model (FIT) for PANI/DCAA-FA films. Besides, the films cast at temperatures around the second order liquid-liquid structural transition temperature of polyaniline dispersions lead to the lowest conductivity and crystallinity, regardless of the solvent type used. A qualitative correlation was also found between the conductivity and the crystallinity of the polyaniline films. So, in order to obtain films with the highest electric conductivities, we have to apply experimental conditions leading to the highest crystallinity (298 K for PANI/DCAA)
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Wang, Junyang. "Dicke narrowing and speed-dependent effects in dispersion signals : Influence on assessment of concentration and spectral parameters by noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometry." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-70235.

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Laser spectroscopic techniques have, during the last decades, demonstrated an extraordinary capability for sensitive detection of molecular constituents in gas phase. Since spectra from such techniques constitute unique and characteristic signatures for each type of species, these techniques enable investigations of molecular structures as well as detection of the presence of species in a gas mixture. They are therefore used for a variety of application, from fundamental studies to the assessment of gas concentrations. In fact, quantitative assessments of gas concentrations by laser-based techniques are constantly gaining in popularity, primarily due to properties such as high sensitivity and selectivity and an ability to perform non-invasive measurement. Moreover, investigations of isolated molecular transitions under different conditions provide excellent means to obtain a comprehensive understanding of spectral broadening mechanisms, which is of importance for, for example, environmental sciences and remote sensing applications. In fundamental studies, spectroscopic parameters are often retrieved from fits of a model function of the technique used, which in turn is based upon a suitable lineshape function. In order to obtain parameter values with highest possible accuracy, it is of importance to use the lineshape model that most correctly can predict the measured spectra. Even though the Voigt function is the most commonly used lineshape model when both Doppler and collision broadenings are present, it is not always suitable when spectroscopic parameters are to be assessed with high precision. This thesis represents a thorough investigation of Dicke narrowing and speed-dependent effects, which are phenomena that are not accounted for by the conventional Voigt profile. For the first time, it is demonstrated that both these effects take place not only in absorption but also in the dispersion mode of detection. Their dispersion lineshape functions are first theoretically presumed and explicitly given before they are validated experimentally by the noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometry (NICE-OHMS). By using the models developed, it is also shown that although the two modes of detection, absorption and dispersion, both can provide good quality of fits, they do not always provide identical spectroscopic parameters. A detailed analysis under which conditions they do so, and subsequent recommendations of their use, are presented. It also describes the instrumental implementation of a distributed-feed-back (DFB) laser-based NICE-OHMS instrumentation, which constitutes an important step towards the further development of this technique. Due to the wide tunability of the DFB laser, the setup is capable of extending the working range of NICE-OHMS into the collision broadening region, which, in turn, allows for precise spectroscopic studies. The use of a fiber-coupled DFB laser also provides a compact NICE-OHMS system. The minimum detectable on-resonance absorption was assessed to 2× 10-10 cm-1 for a 70 s integration time.
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Corpace, Fabien. "Soudage par résistance du gainage combustible ODS d'un réacteur nucléaire de 4ème génération." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786263.

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Les alliages ODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) sont des matériaux candidats pour la réalisation du gainage combustible des réacteurs nucléaires de Génération IV de type RNR-Na. Leurs propriétés mécaniques à haute température sont assurées par une dispersion d'oxydes nanométriques qui peut être modifiée sous l'effet de la température et notamment lors du passage par l'état liquide. Les procédés d'assemblage en phase solide sont donc préconisés. La méthode de soudage étudiée dans cette thèse est le soudage par résistance en bout. Une double approche simulation numérique-expérimentation a été mise en place pour étudier l'influence des paramètres opératoires sur le soudage et la soudure. L'ensemble des essais (expérimentaux et numériques) est réalisé selon la méthode des plans d'expériences factoriels complets. Un alliage ODS base fer à 20 % de chrome a été utilisé comme alliage d'essai.L'analyse de l'influence des paramètres opératoires sur le soudage est réalisée dans un premier temps. Les résultats montrent que l'étape de soudage peut se découper en trois phases. Dans une première phase, la température augmente au niveau des interfaces. Dans une seconde phase, le procédé de soudage est gouverné par le changement de section macroscopique lorsque le courant passe du bouchon massif à la gaine plus étroite. La température augmente alors dans la partie de gaine dépassant de l'électrode. Lorsque la température atteint une valeur suffisamment élevée, la partie de gaine dépassant de l'électrode se déforme, entrainant un affaissement général des pièces et constituant la troisième phase de l'étape de soudage. L'influence des paramètres opératoires sur les phénomènes physiques lors de l'opération d'assemblage est évaluée. Il est alors possible d'influer sur les sollicitations thermiques et mécaniques à l'aide des paramètres opératoires. L'analyse de l'influence des sollicitations thermomécaniques sur la soudure est réalisée dans un second temps. Sur les plages de paramètres opératoires étudiées, les résultats révèlent sur certaines soudures la présence de défauts de compacité ainsi qu'une modification de la microstructure et de la dispersion des oxydes. Les défauts de compacité peuvent être liés à des phénomènes thermiques et mécaniques au contact entre pièces. Les modifications de la microstructure sont liées à des phénomènes de recristallisation dynamique ou de fusion locale et donc à des phénomènes thermiques mais aussi mécaniques avec la présence de déformations importantes. Les modifications de la microstructure sont alors reliées à une modification de la dispersion d'oxydes. A l'aide des paramètres opératoires il est possible d'influer sur les températures et les déformations afin de limiter les modifications de la structure de l'alliage ODS ainsi que l'apparition de défaut de compacité. A l'aide de l'ensemble de ces résultats, la procédure de soudage est adaptée sur un alliage ODS à 9 % de chrome, nuance envisagée pour la réalisation des futurs gainages combustibles. L'influence des propriétés matériaux sur le soudage et la soudure est alors discutée en comparant les deux nuances ODS de compositions différentes mais aussi en comparant les résultats obtenus sur l'alliage ODS à 20 % de chrome avec un alliage non renforcé de composition semblable.
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16

Beran, Jaroslav. "Počítačové modelování metamateriálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217540.

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The diploma thesis deals with metamaterial structures. Metamaterials are periodic structures, which have got permittivity or permeability, eventually both parameters, negative. Test is applied on three basic structures: Split Loop Array; Spiral Array a Double Spiral Array. For each structure is made dispersion diagram and are monitored S – parameters. Test is run in Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator and CST Microwave Studio software. Are monitored bandgaps and when structure is as left – handed medium or right – handed medium. Results are compared with results in literature.
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17

Palmberger, Anna. "Regularization parameter selection methods for an inverse dispersion problem." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184296.

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There are many regularization parameter selection methods that can be used when solving inverse problems, but it is not clear which one is best suited for the inverse dispersion problem. The suitability of three different methods for solving the inverse dispersion problem are evaluated here in order to pick a suitable method for these kinds of problems in the future. The regularization parameter selection methods are used to solve the separable non-linear inverse dispersion problem which is adjusted and solved as a linear inverse problem. It is solved with Tikhonov regularization and the model is a time integrated Gaussian puff model. The dispersion problem is used with different settings and is solved with the three methods. The three methods are generalized cross-validation, L-curve method and quasi-optimality criterion. They produce rather different solutions and the results show that generalized cross-validation is the best choice. The other methods are less stable and the errors are sometimes orders of magnitude larger than the errors from generalized cross-validation.
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18

Medianu, Silviu. "Identification des systèmes hamiltoniens à ports." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT116/document.

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L’Objectif de cette thèse est de développeré une théorie de l’identification spécifique pour les systèmes Hamiltonien à ports. Les raisons principales pour motiver cette théorie résident dans les propriétés remarquables de ces systèmes, notamment leur structure de Dirac et sa stabilité par interconnexion conservative de puissance (e.g. parallèle, séries ou feedback). Dans la première partie, les systèmes Hamiltoniens sont analysés en ce qui concerne leur identifiabilité structurelle, par par analyse de leur observabilité/commandabilité, par tests directs, par l’analyse en série de puissance de leur fonction de transfert ou par une nouvelle approche énergétique d’analyse d’une identifiabilité spécifique associée à un port. Dans la partie suivante, des modèles de perturbation par port d’interaction sont introduits et permettent l’analyse de l’identifiabilité « pratique » des systèmes hamiltoniens à ports. Le quatrième chapitre présente des schémas de discrétisation en temps qui préserve les bilans de puissance et d’énergie et leur application sur des exemples de système hamiltoniens à ports linéaires et non linéaires. L’erreur de discrétisation est analysée en introduisant la notion de représentation hamiltonienne de l’erreur de discrétisation. Dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, une approche d’identification dans l’espace d’état est développée pour les systèmes obtenus par discrétisation symplectique des systèmes hamiltoniens à ports. Les cas déterministe est analysé et une approche énergétique basée sur les résultats d’identifiabilité structurelle développé dans la première partie est proposée. Enfin, dans la dernière partie, les contributions du travail sont rappelées et quelques perspectives pour des travaux futurs sont présentées
The objective of this thesis is to develop a specific identification theory for Port Controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) systems. The main reasons to develop this theory comes from their remarkable properties like power conservation and stability under power preserving interconnection (e.g. parallel, series or feedback interconnections). In a first part PCH systems are analysed for structural identifiability using some classical or new techniques: observability/controllability identifiability, direct test, power series expansion or a new power energy approach, defining also a new concept of port identifiability. Further it is proposed a perturbation model by means of the interaction port together with a practical identifiability analysis realized using the controllability and observability concepts. The fourth part presents a new framework for time-discretization of PCH systems in the nonlinear or linear case, by combined discretization of the flows and efforts preserving in the same time their characteristic properties. Also in this part it is proposed a discretization error Hamiltonian to distinguish the continuous-time PCH system from the discrete-time one. The fifth part of the thesis makes an analysis of PCH systems identifiability using the subspace identification approach in the deterministic case, proposing also a new power energy approach in direct connection with the structural identifiability results. In the end are presented the main conclusions, personal contributions and perspectives for future work
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19

Zaritsky, Dennis. "Clues to the nature of ultradiffuse galaxies from estimated galaxy velocity dispersions." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624738.

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We describe how to estimate the velocity dispersions of ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) using a previously defined galaxy scaling relationship. The method is accurate for the two UDGs with spectroscopically measured dispersions, as well as for ultracompact galaxies, ultrafaint galaxies, and stellar systems with little or no dark matter. This universality means that the relationship can be applied without further knowledge or prejudice regarding the structure of a galaxy. We then estimate the velocity dispersions of UDGs drawn from two published samples and examine the distribution of total masses. We find, in agreement with the previous studies of two individual UDGs, that these systems are dark matter dominated systems, and that they span a range of at least 10(10) < M-200/M-circle dot < 10(12). These galaxies are not, as an entire class, either all dwarfs or all failed L-* galaxies. Estimates of the velocity dispersions can also help identify interesting subsets of UDGs, such as those that are likely to have the largest mass-to-light ratios, for subsequent spectroscopic study.
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20

Zhang, Zhaopeng. "Research into order parameters and graphene dispersions in liquid crystal systems using Raman spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/research-into-order-parameters-and-graphene-dispersions-in-liquid-crystal-systems-using-raman-spectroscopy(c7ccd62e-817b-4d82-b9e1-68be43f28ff5).html.

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Polarized Raman Spectroscopy (PRS) is one of the experimental methods which can be employed to deduce orientational order parameters, e.g. 〈P_200 〉, 〈P_400 〉, in liquid crystals from the experimental depolarization ratio graph via fitting. However, it has long been known that the order parameters deduced from the different vibrational modes are found to be different within the same sample. As a result, only certain vibrational modes can be reliably selected for analysis, limiting the application of PRS. The possible explanations are discussed in this thesis. The first explanation is given by considering a dipole tilt β_0 which is defined as the tilt angle of the dipole vibrational direction and the molecular long axis. A second explanation comes from assuming different vibrational symmetries, i.e. cylindrical or elliptic cylindrical. Molecular biaxial order parameters are introduced in both explanations. A systematic check via calculation shows that a common set of order parameters (including molecular biaxial order parameters) can be obtained with different depolarization ratio graphs when the explanations are considered. Both depolarization ratio graphs can also agree well with that obtained from phenyl and cyano stretching modes experimentally. A supplementary discussion shows that by using the first explanation, 〈P_400 〉 which, in previous fitting, shown an excessive value by using cyano stretching mode is reduced (15% reduced at β_0=15°, 〈P_402 〉=0.0536). PRS is also employed to analyse the order parameters in a bent-core system using a molecular model with the bend angle Ω and tilt angle B_0. The effects of each of the uniaxial and phase biaxial order parameters are considered. With a total Raman tensor generated by the sum of Raman tensor from each arm, reasonable uniaxial order parameters fitting values can be obtained from PRS without considering biaxial order parameters. These results agree well with those deduced from the refractive index measurements, which shows a new approach to the investigation of bent-core systems. However, it is also shown that introducing phase biaxial order parameters can’t provide robust fitting, leading inaccurate fitting values in the end. Several different liquid crystals (5CB, E7, HAT-6 and SSY) have been examined on seeking graphene/graphene oxide dispersions in liquid crystal systems. Unfortunately, no stable dispersion was obtained by applying simple experimental techniques. However, a highlight comes from the test of a lyotropic liquid crystal formed by a discotic molecule in NMP suggesting a possible dispersion medium for graphene. Meanwhile, by using Raman spectroscopy, the interaction between liquid crystal molecules and graphene can be obtained from the peak shift of vibrational modes. The experimental results suggest a stronger interaction in E7 compared to 5CB. No shift in ZLI-1695 indicates the different effects from the rigid core. Further, the discotic liquid crystal (HAT-6) shows a strong interaction with graphene. These facts lead to a conclusion that the interaction still exists in the graphene/liquid crystal dispersion providing a guide on controlling and optimizing the dispersion quality for the future research.
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21

Wang, Ran. "Market power, cost efficiency and pricing strategies of domestic airline industry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53930.

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This dissertation first develops a theoretical framework to enable the estimation of cost efficiency and conduct parameter without total cost data. By validating this framework using U.S. airline data, this dissertation shows the feasibility of the theoretical framework. Based on the estimates of marginal cost efficiency and conduct parameter, this dissertation also finds some support for the Quiet Life Hypothesis. In Chapter III, this dissertation analyzes the determinants for price dispersion, especially conduct parameter and cost efficiency. Generally speaking, we find negative relationship between conduct parameter and price dispersion and negative relationship between marginal cost efficiency and price dispersion. In Chapter IV, this thesis examines the dynamics that lead to high price dispersion. To be more specific, this thesis concentrates on advanced days purchased and load factor.
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22

Pierangeli, Marco. "Il problema della misura delle correnti di dispersione negli impianti elettrici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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23

Alsabbagh, Mohamad. "Parasitics and Current-Dispersion Modeling of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Fabricated on Different Substrates Using the Equivalent-Circuit Modeling Technique." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40706.

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Electrical equivalent circuit modeling of active components is one of the most important approaches for modeling high-frequency high-power devices. Amongst the most used microwave devices, AlGaN/GaN HEMTs demonstrated their superior performance, making them highly suitable for 5G, wireless and satellite communications. Despite the remarkable performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, these devices reside on substrates that invoke limitations on the operating-frequency, power-efficiency, and current dispersion phenomenon. Also, there is a limitation in present parameters extraction techniques being not able to consider both the substrate effect (Silicon, Silicon Carbide, and Diamond) and the asymmetrical GaN HEMT structure. In this thesis work, a single extrinsic parameters extraction technique using a single small-signal topology takes into account both the asymmetrical GaN HEMT structure and the different substrate types with their parasitic conduction will be developed and studied for the first time. Moreover, large-signal modeling using Quasi-Physical Zone Division technique has been applied to both GaN/D and GaN/SiC to model the isothermal-trapping free drain current, and combined with a new simple technique for comparing performance between active devices in terms of current-dispersion. The models were verified by simulating the small-signal S-parameters, large-signal IV characteristics, and single-tone load-pull. High accuracy was achieved compared to the measurement data available in the technical literature and obtained from fabricated devices.
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24

Balon, Jiří. "Měřící metody klíčových parametrů v optických sítích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218247.

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The main goal of the master’s thesis was to familiarize with optical networks dilemma and its measuring during fabrication. The whole thesis is divided into several parts where the first part deals with optic fiber dilemma. It describes its kinds, properties and also suggests a basic principle of optic signal dispersion using these fibers. It describes also optical network FTTx architecture (Fiber To The x). The second part of the thesis focuses on methods of measuring key parameters of optical networks. Is brings out the methods of measuring optical loss and dispersive influences. The last and final part in focused on creating a methodical manual for measuring these networks during its fabrication and verifying measuring methods stated in the theoretical part inside a real network. Measuring was implemented on an optical network of Masaryk University in Brno.
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25

Baccouche, Yousra. "Caractérisation non linéaire de l'endommagement des matériaux composites par ondes guidées." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840424.

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La sensibilité des méthodes acoustiques non-linéaires à la présence ainsi qu'à l'évolution des microendommagements a été prouvée dans différents travaux sur une large gamme de matériaux. Parmi les méthodes appliquées figure la résonance non-linéaire dont la sensibilité à l'endommagement est prouvée pour un seul mode de vibration à travers la décroissance de la fréquence de résonance ƒ et celle facteur de qualité Q en fonction de la déformation dynamique. Ainsi, les paramètres non-linéaires hystérétiques (NLH) ƒ et Q ne sont connus que dans une gamme fréquentielle réduite. Le présent travail de thèse propose l'utilisation d'une approche originale permettant de suivre la dispersion des paramètres ƒ et Q à travers la génération d'ondes guidées dans des plaques en composites à matrices polymère et métallique. De plus, l'approche en ondes guidées a également permis de définir un nouveau paramètre NLH V liée au mode de Lamb A0. L'un des résultats originaux de ce travail est que le rapport V/ƒ s'avère constant (~ 2) quelle que soit la fréquence considérée et ce pour les deux types de composites. Ce résultat prometteur montre pour la première fois qu'il est possible de généraliser le comportement NLH dans les structures en plaques moyennant le formalisme de Lamb. Finalement, le travail de thèse s'est également intéressé à la définition d'un nouveau paramètre NLH large bande, noté ∆S, afin de suivre la sensibilité du spectre de vibration à l'endommagement. Les mesures ont montré que ∆S pouvait se distinguer de par une réponse pouvant être nonlinéaire dès les premiers niveaux d'excitation ou à partir d'un niveau seuil. Ce résultat très prometteur montre à quel point il est important d'élargir le domaine fréquentiel pour une détection précoce de l'endommagement et ce même à des niveaux d'excitation où l'on croyait le matériau se comporter de façon linéaire.
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26

Hall, James Stroman. "Adaptive dispersion compensation and ultrasonic imaging for structural health monitoring." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41159.

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Ultrasonic guided wave imaging methods offer a cost-effective mechanism to perform in situ structural health monitoring (SHM) of large plate-like structures, such as commercial aircraft skins, ship hulls, storage tanks, and civil structures. However, current limits in imaging quality, environmental sensitivities, and implementation costs, among other things, are preventing widespread commercial adoption. The research presented here significantly advances state of the art guided wave imaging techniques using inexpensive, spatially distributed arrays of piezoelectric transducers. Novel adaptive imaging techniques are combined with in situ estimation and compensation of propagation parameters; e.g., dispersion curves and transducer transfer functions, to reduce sensitivity to unavoidable measurement inaccuracies and significantly improve resolution and reduce artifacts in guided wave images. The techniques can be used not only to detect and locate defects or damage, but also to characterize the type of damage. The improved ability to detect, locate, and now characterize defects or damage using a sparse array of ultrasonic transducers is intended to assist in the establishment of in situ guided wave imaging as a technically and economically viable tool for long-term monitoring of plate-like engineering structures.
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27

McLaughlin, Eric M. "Analysis of the Impact of Over or Underestimating the Dispersion Parameter on the Results of Tests for Differential Gene Expression." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492731115824706.

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28

Senet, Christian M. "Dynamics of dispersive boundaries the determination of spatial hydrographic parameter maps from optical sea surface image sequences /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972400729.

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29

CAMBIER, SIMON. "Approche probabiliste pour la prise en compte de la dispersion de parametres mecaniques application a la fatigue vibratoire de reseaux de tuyauteries." Paris, ENSAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENAM0024.

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L'approche probabiliste permet d'incorporer la variabilite et les incertitudes parametriques dans les modeles mecaniques. Cette approche consiste generalement a decrire les parametres incertains des modeles par des variables aleatoires et a se ramener au calcul d'une integrale multiple. Cependant, les methodes classiques permettant ce calcul, telles que les methodes form/sorm et les methodes de monte-carlo, peuvent s'averer etre imprecises ou tres couteuses en calculs, en particulier pour certaines applications industrielles de dynamique vibratoire. Une nouvelle methode efficace d'echantillonnage d'importance est donc proposee. La methode est basee sur une approximation asymptotique du second degre combinee avec la methode de l'hypercube latin et assure une variance finie des estimateurs. Un algorithme specifique d'optimisation globale est developpe afin de resoudre une etape prealable necessaire qui consiste a trouver les points de maximum de vraisemblable. L'efficacite de la methode comparee aux methodes classiques est illustree avec plusieurs exemples numeriques. Une amelioration considerable de la vitesse de convergence des estimateurs peut etre realisee. Un probleme industriel montre egalement l'interet pratique de la methode proposee. Il s'agit de predire le comportement vibratoire de tuyauteries, pour lesquelles on observe que la dispersion sur des parametres entre des systemes theoriquement identiques peut engendrer des comportements vibratoires tres differents.
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Ayad, Mohammad. "Homogenization-based, higher-gradient dynamical response of micro-structured media." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0062.

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Une approche dynamique discrète (DDM) est proposée dans le contexte de la mécanique des poutres pour calculer les caractéristiques de dispersion des structures périodiques. Cette démarche permet de calculer les caractéristiques de dispersion de milieux périodiques unidimensionnels et bidimensionnels. Il est montré qu’un développement d'ordre supérieur suffisamment élevé des forces et des moments d’éléments structuraux est nécessaire pour décrire avec précision les modes de propagation d’ordre supérieur. Ces résultats montrent dans l’ensemble que les calculs des caractéristiques de dispersion de systèmes structurels périodiques peuvent être abordés avec une bonne précision par la dynamique des éléments discrets. Les comportements non classiques peuvent être capturés non seulement par une expansion d'ordre supérieur mais aussi par des formulations à gradient supérieur. Nous calculons ainsi les paramètres constitutifs macroscopiques jusqu'au deuxième gradient du déplacement en utilisant deux formulations différentes, soit selon une méthode d'homogénéisation dynamique à gradient supérieur (DHGE) prenant en compte les effets de micro-inertie, ou alternativement selon le principe de Hamilton. Nous analysons ensuite la sensibilité des termes constitutifs du second gradient aux paramètres microstructuraux pour des matériaux composites à microstructure périodique de type laminés. En plus, on montre que les modèles du deuxième gradient formulés à partir de l'énergie interne totale en tenant compte des termes de gradient d'ordre supérieur donnent la meilleure description du propagation d’onde à travers ces milieux. On analyse les contributions d'ordre supérieur et de micro-inertie sur le comportement mécanique de structures composites en utilisant une méthode d'homogénéisation dynamique d'ordre supérieur qui intègre les effets de micro-inertie. Nous calculons la réponse effective statique longitudinale à gradient d’ordre supérieur, en quantifiant la différence relative par rapport à la formulation classique de type Cauchy qui repose sur le premier gradient du déplacement. Nous analysons ensuite les propriétés de propagation d’ondes longitudinales en termes de fréquence propre de composites, en tenant compte de la contribution de la micro-inertie. La longueur interne joue un rôle crucial dans les contributions de micro-inertie avec un effet substantiel pour les faibles valeurs de longueur interne, et qui correspond à une large gamme de matériaux utilisés en ingénierie des structures. La méthode d’homogénéisation développée montre un effet de taille important pour les modules élastiques homogénéisés d’ordre supérieur. Par conséquent, nous développons une formulation indépendante de la taille qui est basée sur des termes de correction liée aux moment quadratique. Dans ce contexte, on analyse l’influence des termes de correction sur le comportement statique et dynamique de composites à inclusion
A discrete dynamic approach (DDM) is developed in the context of beam mechanics to calculate the dispersion characteristics of periodic structures. Subsequently, based on this dynamical beam formulation, we calculate the dispersion characteristics of one-dimensional and two-dimensional periodic media. A sufficiently high order development of the forces and moments of the structural elements is necessary to accurately describe the propagation modes of higher order. These results show that the calculations of the dispersion characteristics of structural systems can be approached with good accuracy by the dynamics of the discrete elements. Besides, non-classical behaviors can be captured not only by higher order expansion but also by higher gradient formulations. To that scope, we develop a higher gradient dynamic homogenization method with micro-inertia effects. Using this formulation, we compute the macroscopic constitutive parameters up to the second gradient, using two distinct approaches, namely Hamilton’s principle and a total internal energy formulation. We analyze the sensitivity of the second gradient constitutive terms on the inner material and geometric parameters for the case of composite materials made of a periodic, layered microstructure. Moreover, we show that the formulations based on the total internal energy taking into account higher order gradient terms give the best description of wave propagation through the composite. We analyze the higher order and micro-inertia contributions on the mechanical behavior of composite structures by calculating the effective static and dynamic properties of composite beams using a higher order dynamic homogenization method. We compute the effective longitudinal static response with higher order gradient, by quantifying the relative difference compared to the classical formulation of Cauchy type, which is based on the first gradient of displacement. We then analyze the propagation properties of longitudinal waves in terms of the natural frequency of composite structural elements, taking into account the contribution of micro-inertia. The internal length plays a crucial role in the contributions of micro-inertia, which is particularly significant for low internal length values, therefore for a wide range of materials used in structural engineering. The developed method shows an important size effect for the higher gradients, and to remove these effects correction terms have been incorporated which are related to the quadratic moment of inertia. We analyze in this context the influence of the correction terms on the static and dynamic behavior of composites with a central inclusion
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31

Zhang, Wei. "LONGITUDINAL SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW - A Numerical Simulation Study on Longitudinal Dispersion, Surface Storage Effects, Transverse Mixing, Uncertainties and Parameter-Transferring Problems." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/139476.

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Civil Engineering
Ph.D.
The longitudinal solute transport modeling is critical in river and stream water quality management, control, and the mitigation of hazardous riverine spills. One of the widely used "deadzone" model is the transient storage model (TSM). TSM is a significant improvement over the advection-dispersion model (ADM), but it cannot simulate the breakthrough curve (BTC) immediately after a large pool. Additionally, the calibration (parameterization) method is challenged by the non-identifiability which is common to all inverse modeling, and it seems TSM cannot be easily used as a predictive tool, more of an interpretive tool of solute transport, i.e., is the parameter set calibrated via inverse modeling transferable? Pools are fundamental stream morphology unit in streams with mixed bed materials in pool-riffle or pool-step sequences. Understanding of how a pool impacts the longitudinal solute transport is the first step towards improving current model such as TSM or developing new models. By introducing a dimensionless group, e= Q/(Dt W) (where, Q is the average volumetric flow rate; Dt is an average transverse dispersion coefficient; W is the channel flow width), derived from non-dimensionalization of the governing equations of one of the most rigorous 2-dimansional (2D) (depth-averaged) model, Mike21, this work presents an alternative way of longitudinal solute transport investigation. Using the 2D fully hydrodynamic Mike21, numerical experiments were conducted on hypothetical streams in this dissertation. Simulation study on hypothetical stream with pool reveals that a pool's effects on longitudinal solute transport are manifested by three aspects: boosting longitudinal spreading (concentration peak attenuation), causing a solute plume delay and increasing solute residence time. These effects fade like a "wake" as the solute plume moves downstream. e provides an insight into the physics of longitudinal transport; it outlines a relative transverse mixing intensity of a stream. The internal transport and mixing condition (including the secondary circulations) in a pool together with the pool's dimensions determine the pool's storage effects especially when e >>1. The BTCs downstream from a pool may be "heavy tailed" (i.e., have enormously slow decaying rate) which cannot be modeled by the TSM. Results also suggest that the falling limb of a BTC more accurately characterizes the pool's storage effects because the corresponding solute has more chance to sample the entire storage area. n a more fundamental perspective, the predictive ability of inverse modeling parameterized model is discussed and conclusion is made about the role of a stream/river system's nonlinearity in determining the predictability; a misleading mis-nomenclature in TSM application is also demonstrated with a numerical experiment.
Temple University--Theses
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32

Költzsch, Konrad. "Parameter des turbulenten Strömungsfeldes und der Stoffausbreitung in rauhen turbulenten Plattengrenzschichten mit Bezug auf die atmosphärische Grenzschicht." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-994441263625-94079.

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Diese Arbeit umfaßt theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zu turbulenten Strömungs- und Ausbreitungsvorgängen in verschieden rauhen, natürlich gewachsenen Windkanalgrenzschichten (von hydraulisch glatt bis aerodynamisch vollrauh). Dabei werden ausgewählte turbulente Strömungs- und Ausbreitungsgrößen als Funktion der Rauhigkeit und der Höhe vorgestellt. Ferner wird mit den aus der Literatur bekannten kohärenten Strukturen eine bildhafte Vorstellung der physikalischen Vorgänge gegeben. Aus den umfangreichen Untersuchungen zum Strömungsfeld werden die Höhenprofile der mittleren Geschwindigkeit, der Turbulenzintensitäten, der turbulenten Schubspannung und der turbulenten Wirbelzähigkeit präsentiert. Genannt seien zwei wesentliche Ergebnisse: Erstens, es existiert eine einfache, theoretische Beziehung zwischen den Reynolds?schen Normalspannungen und der turbulenten Schubspannung. Beide sind durch den sogenannten Neigungswinkel miteinander gekoppelt. Dieser höhen- und rauhigkeitsabhängige Winkel, der durch eine Hitzdrahtmessung mit nur einer X-Sonde bestimmbar ist, charakterisiert die Ebene, auf der sich kohärente Strukturen stromabwärts bewegen. Zweitens, es besteht eine starke Diskrepanz zwischen integralen Längenmaßstäben der Turbulenz, die einerseits aus Autokorrelations- und andererseits aus 2-Punkt-Korrelationsmessungen ermittelt werden. Der Unterschied wird durch die Verletzung der Taylor-Hypothese in der turbulenten Scherschicht verursacht. Als Ergebnis folgt, daß statt der mittleren Strömungsgeschwindigkeit die sogenannte Wirbeltransportgeschwindigkeit zur Umrechnung von Längen- und Zeitmaßstäben verwendet werden muß. Weiterhin wird die Ausbreitung eines passiven Tracergases im Nachlauf einer horizontal ausblasenden Punktquelle untersucht. Die turbulenten Massenflüsse werden direkt gemessen. Damit wird einerseits das Problem der Vernachlässigung des in Ausbreitungsrichtung liegenden turbulenten Massenflusses gegenüber dem konvektiven Transport untersucht, und andererseits werden mittels der Boussinesq-Approximation die turbulenten Diffusionsparameter als Funktion der Höhe berechnet. Ferner werden theoretische Beziehungen, die das Nah- und Fernfeld berücksichtigen, sowohl für die turbulenten Diffusionsparameter als auch für die räumlichen Ausbreitungsparameter hergeleitet und mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen. Schließlich wird aus dem Verhältnis der turbulenten Diffusionsparameter für den Impuls- und Stoffaustausch die turbulente Schmidt-Zahl berechnet, die keine, wie in der Literatur oft angenommene, Konstante ist, sondern stark über der Höhe variiert.
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33

BARROS, Fabiana Uchôa. "Matriz de covariâncias do estimador de máxima verossimilhança corrigido pelo viés em modelos lineares generalizados com parâmetro de dispersão desconhecido." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2011. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1278.

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Capes
Com base na expressão de Pace e Salvan (1997 pág. 30), obtivemos a matriz de covariâncias de segunda ordem dos estimadores de máxima verossimilhança corrigidos pelo viés de ordem n−1 em modelos lineares generalizados, considerando o parâmetro de dispersão desconhecido, porém o mesmo para todas as observações. A partir dessa matriz, realizamos modi cações no teste de Wald. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados através de estudos de simulação de Monte Carlo.
Based on the expression of Pace and Salvan (1997 pág. 30), we obtained the second order covariance matrix of the of the maximum likelihood estimators corrected for bias of order n−1in generalized linear models, considering that the dispersion parameter is the same although unknown for all observations. From this matrix, we made modi cations to the Wald test. The results were evaluated through simulation studies of Monte Carlo.
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34

Aslam, Shagufta. "Robust testing procedures based on S-estimate for the dispersion parameter of univariate and multivariate normal distribution and for the two-way mixed effect models /." Connect to Digital dissertations. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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35

Költzsch, Konrad. "Parameter des turbulenten Strömungsfeldes und der Stoffausbreitung in rauhen turbulenten Plattengrenzschichten mit Bezug auf die atmosphärische Grenzschicht." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 1999. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24749.

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Diese Arbeit umfaßt theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zu turbulenten Strömungs- und Ausbreitungsvorgängen in verschieden rauhen, natürlich gewachsenen Windkanalgrenzschichten (von hydraulisch glatt bis aerodynamisch vollrauh). Dabei werden ausgewählte turbulente Strömungs- und Ausbreitungsgrößen als Funktion der Rauhigkeit und der Höhe vorgestellt. Ferner wird mit den aus der Literatur bekannten kohärenten Strukturen eine bildhafte Vorstellung der physikalischen Vorgänge gegeben. Aus den umfangreichen Untersuchungen zum Strömungsfeld werden die Höhenprofile der mittleren Geschwindigkeit, der Turbulenzintensitäten, der turbulenten Schubspannung und der turbulenten Wirbelzähigkeit präsentiert. Genannt seien zwei wesentliche Ergebnisse: Erstens, es existiert eine einfache, theoretische Beziehung zwischen den Reynolds?schen Normalspannungen und der turbulenten Schubspannung. Beide sind durch den sogenannten Neigungswinkel miteinander gekoppelt. Dieser höhen- und rauhigkeitsabhängige Winkel, der durch eine Hitzdrahtmessung mit nur einer X-Sonde bestimmbar ist, charakterisiert die Ebene, auf der sich kohärente Strukturen stromabwärts bewegen. Zweitens, es besteht eine starke Diskrepanz zwischen integralen Längenmaßstäben der Turbulenz, die einerseits aus Autokorrelations- und andererseits aus 2-Punkt-Korrelationsmessungen ermittelt werden. Der Unterschied wird durch die Verletzung der Taylor-Hypothese in der turbulenten Scherschicht verursacht. Als Ergebnis folgt, daß statt der mittleren Strömungsgeschwindigkeit die sogenannte Wirbeltransportgeschwindigkeit zur Umrechnung von Längen- und Zeitmaßstäben verwendet werden muß. Weiterhin wird die Ausbreitung eines passiven Tracergases im Nachlauf einer horizontal ausblasenden Punktquelle untersucht. Die turbulenten Massenflüsse werden direkt gemessen. Damit wird einerseits das Problem der Vernachlässigung des in Ausbreitungsrichtung liegenden turbulenten Massenflusses gegenüber dem konvektiven Transport untersucht, und andererseits werden mittels der Boussinesq-Approximation die turbulenten Diffusionsparameter als Funktion der Höhe berechnet. Ferner werden theoretische Beziehungen, die das Nah- und Fernfeld berücksichtigen, sowohl für die turbulenten Diffusionsparameter als auch für die räumlichen Ausbreitungsparameter hergeleitet und mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen. Schließlich wird aus dem Verhältnis der turbulenten Diffusionsparameter für den Impuls- und Stoffaustausch die turbulente Schmidt-Zahl berechnet, die keine, wie in der Literatur oft angenommene, Konstante ist, sondern stark über der Höhe variiert.
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36

Fagerland, Steffen Knut. "Investigation of Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscope parameters for Slice and View and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy of Embedded Brain Tissue." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25765.

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This Thesis investigates the optimization of a Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB/SEM) Slice and View protocol of brain tissue. Using a Slice and View protocol in a Dualbeam instrument, the ion and electron beams are used in sequence to alternately mill and image the newly exposed surface of a predefined volume. This creates serial section images that may be used for 3D reconstruction. Research questions addressed include finding FIB parameters most beneficial for accurate milling of the tissue, use of different software strategies and image processing for 3D reconstruction of selected subsets enclosed within the volume sectioned, and the use of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy for revealing the volume contents \emph{a priori} of the Slice and View. The reults showed that FIB parameters of $30kV$ and $0.9nA$ provided sufficient accuracy and consistency; that the DAB labeling protocol provided characteristics easily identifiable of the morphology of selected interneurons which were reconstructed, but was difficult to use in a generalized semi-automatic reconstruction protocol; and a model created to test EDX tracing did show potential for its use to increase protocol efficiency by narrowing down the regions of interest of the FIB block.
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37

Das, Suma Rani. "Investigation of Design and Operating Parameters in Partially-Filled Rubber Mixing Simulations." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1479151141596147.

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38

Marte, Judson Sloan. "High temperature flow behavior of titanium aluminide intermetallic matrix composites." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45422.

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Al₃Ti, Al₅CuTi₂, and Al₆₆Mn₁₁Ti₂₃, intermetallic matrices reinforced with 30, 40, and 50 volume % TiB, have been produced by XD processing and densified into bulk form by powder metallurgy techniques. The compressive flow behavior of the Al₃Ti and Al₅CuTi₂, composites have been evaluated at temperatures ranging from 1000°C to 1200°C and strain rates of 0.0001 and 0.001 sec⁻¹. The results have been analyzed by a correlation to the resulting microstructure, especially with regards to the intermetallic matrix composition, TiB₂ size, and interparticle spacing. The results of these analyses are applied to a constitutive equation based upon the flow stress equation. It has been shown that at in this temperature regime, all deformation occurs within the intermetallic matrix. This is substantiated by the lack of TiB₂-dependent behavior with variations in volume percentage of reinforcement. In all cases, the composites are readily deformed at relatively low loads. The average strain-rate sensitivity values were 0.349 for the Al₃Ti-based composites, and 0.247 for the Al₅CuTi₂, variants. The average activation energies were calculated to be 485 kJ/mol and 920 kJ/mol for the Al₃Ti-and Al₅CuTi₂-matrices, respectively. The structure constant was calculated based upon these values. The Zener-Hollomon parameter was used to plot the flow stress along lines of constant temperature and strain rate, and serves as one type of constitutive equation. In addition, the flow stress was evaluated as a function of the strain rate and temperature. These models were found to provide adequate correlation to the measured flow behavior.
Master of Science
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39

Vijay, Dig. "Forced convective heat transfer through open cell foams." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-226330.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate forced convection of air through open cell foams. It can be numerically investigated either by implementing the time efficient macroscopic models or computationally expensive microscopic models. However, during the course of this study, it was observed that the macroscopic models are not sufficient for determining the desired key parameters. Nevertheless, it is still possible that these macroscopic models can be used to design an application accurately with minimum time efforts if the concerned key parameters are already known through other means. Accordingly, in this work, a methodology is developed to determine the desired key parameters by implementing the microscopic models, which are further used into the macroscopic models for designing different applications. To validate the proposed methodology, a set of steady state and transient forced convection experiments were performed for a set of ceramic foams having different pore diameter (10−30 PPI) and porosity (0.79−0.87) for a superficial velocity in the range of 0.5−10 m/s.
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40

Back, Markus. "Out-of-plane Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) measurements on magnetic nanoparticle dispersions for biomedical sensor applications." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-410179.

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In this master work, we investigated the feasibility of a magnetic resonance measurement technique using magnetic nanoparticle dispersions in both liquid and solid form. The implementation is realised as a coplanar waveguide operating in the frequency range of 0.5 - 20 GHz and an electromagnet producing a static magnetic field of strength up to 1.2 T. The Gilbert magnetic damping factor is determined for polymer composites of magnetic nanoparticles and the gyromagnetic ratio is determined for both nanoparticle dispersions in liquid form and polymer composites.
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41

Juutilainen, I. (Ilmari). "Modelling of conditional variance and uncertainty using industrial process data." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514282620.

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Abstract This thesis presents methods for modelling conditional variance and uncertainty of prediction at a query point on the basis of industrial process data. The introductory part of the thesis provides an extensive background of the examined methods and a summary of the results. The results are presented in detail in the original papers. The application presented in the thesis is modelling of the mean and variance of the mechanical properties of steel plates. Both the mean and variance of the mechanical properties depend on many process variables. A method for predicting the probability of rejection in a quali?cation test is presented and implemented in a tool developed for the planning of strength margins. The developed tool has been successfully utilised in the planning of mechanical properties in a steel plate mill. The methods for modelling the dependence of conditional variance on input variables are reviewed and their suitability for large industrial data sets are examined. In a comparative study, neural network modelling of the mean and dispersion narrowly performed the best. A method is presented for evaluating the uncertainty of regression-type prediction at a query point on the basis of predicted conditional variance, model variance and the effect of uncertainty about explanatory variables at early process stages. A method for measuring the uncertainty of prediction on the basis of the density of the data around the query point is proposed. The proposed distance measure is utilised in comparing the generalisation ability of models. The generalisation properties of the most important regression learning methods are studied and the results indicate that local methods and quadratic regression have a poor interpolation capability compared with multi-layer perceptron and Gaussian kernel support vector regression. The possibility of adaptively modelling a time-varying conditional variance function is disclosed. Two methods for adaptive modelling of the variance function are proposed. The background of the developed adaptive variance modelling methods is presented.
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42

Lekmine, Grégory. "QUANTIFICATION DES PARAMETRES DE TRANSPORT DES SOLUTES EN MILIEUX POREUX PAR TOMOGRAPHIE DE RESISTIVITE ELECTRIQUE : DEVELOPPEMENTS METHODOLOGIQUES ET EXPERIMENTAUX." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682952.

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La tomographie de résistivité électrique (ERT) est une méthode courante géophysique de terrain, souvent utilisée pour détecter et l'évolution suivre les panaches de polluants en zone saturée. L'ERT est cependant une méthode intégratrice dont la fiabilité des modèles est confrontée aux problèmes de non-unicité des solutions du problème inverse. Ces contraintes limitent l'interprétation des modèles à un aspect qualitatif de la distribution des contrastes de résistivité modélisés en 2D ou 3D, résultant du choix des paramètres d'inversion et de l'association de paramètres du milieu non identifiables à l'échelle du volume poreux. Cette thèse propose de tester la faisabilité de la méthode pour quantifier les paramètres de transport de polluants et de solutés miscibles au contact des eaux souterraines, ainsi que la sensibilité des paramètres d'inversion les plus influents sur la modélisation. Les tests expérimentaux sont réalisés en laboratoire sur des empillements 2D de billes de verre sphériques (de l'ordre de la 100ène de μm) dans un réservoir en plexiglas transparent. Deux réseaux verticaux de 21 électrodes sont disposés sur les bords latéraux du réservoir pour effectuer le suivi ERT du traceur salé (NaCl dissout) à partir de 210 points de mesures en dipôle-dipôle transverse acquis toutes les 5 minutes afin d'optimiser la résolution temporelle. Le dispositif est également disposé face à un panneau lumineux permettant de réalisé un suivi vidéo simultané du colorant. L'analyse vidéo révèle une propagation plus rapide du colorant sur les bords latéraux qui reste somme toute négligeable pour les débits à la pompe les plus faibles. En revanche les mesures ERT sont fortement perturbées par les effets résistant de la cellule plexiglas qui se répercutent sur les modèles. La normalisation des mesures de résistivité apparente à partir d'une série acquise à l'état initial permet de les atténuer fortement. La modélisation est particulièrement sensible au choix du maillage, aux normes appliqués (L1 ou L2) sur les données et les paramètres, et au facteur d'amortissement. Des valeurs trop élevées du facteur d'acceptance tendent à lisser les contrastes au niveau du front de dispersion et augmentent l'impact des effets des bords horizontaux sur D et . A l'inverse, une modélisation contrainte par de faibles valeurs du facteur d'acceptance donnent des résultats plus proches de l'analyse vidéo, mais produit des effets de bosses à l'avant et à l'arrière du front. La vitesse interstitielle u est indépendante du choix des paramètres d'inversion pour l'ERT. Pour les deux méthodes u est toujours inférieure au débit imposé par la pompe, dont le décalage est exprimé par le facteur retard Rf . Les effets de retard résultent de l'adsorption du Na+ sur les surfaces des billes de verre chargées négativement qui retarde le front de dispersion du suivi ERT. Pour le suivi vidéo, la taille importante de la molécule du colorant favorise son piégeage dans les zones où la perméabilité est plus faible, en plus d'une éventuelle affinité avec la surface solide. Les contrastes de conductivité et la stabilité de l'interface créent par la différence de densité entre les fluides testés ici n'ont pas d'influences significatives sur la dispersion qui est dominée par le débit imposé à la pompe. Les estimations du coefficient de dispersion D en fonction du nombre de Péclet sont cohérentes avec la courbe théorique de Bachmat (1968). Cependant la dispersivité augmente pour les vitesses d'écoulement les plus élevées. Les premières expérimentations de terrain réalisées en 2D sur des sables de Fontainebleau présentent l'avantage de s'affranchir des effets de bords inhérents au laboratoire. En revanche la recalibration des données normalisée par la loi de Archie est plus complexe puisqu'il est nécessaire de tenir compte de l'état de saturation de la résistivité des fluides initialement présents. De plus l'erreur importante sur les modèles ne permet pas de déduire une estimation fiable des paramatères de transport u, (ou D), et Rf .
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43

Carrasco, Carrillo Tomás. "Methods and tools for the design of RFICs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131009.

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Ambient intelligence is going to focus the next advances in wireless technologies. Hence, the increasing demand on radio frequency (RF) devices and applications represents, not only a challenge for technological industries to improve its roadmaps, but also for RF engineers to design more robust, low-power, small-size and low-cost devices. Regarding to communication robustness, in the latest years, differential topologies have acquired an important relevance because of its natural noise and interference immunity. Within this framework, a differential n-port device can still be treated with the classical analysis circuit theory by means of Z-,Y-, h-parameters or the most suitable S-parameters in the radio frequency field. Despite of it, Bockelman introduced the mixed-mode scattering parameters, which more properly express the differential and common-mode behavior of symmetrical devices. Since then, such parameters have been used with a varying degree of success, as it will be shown, mainly because of a misinterpretation. Thereby, this thesis is devoted to extend the theory of mixed-mode scattering parameters and proposes the methodology to analyze such devices. For this proposal, the simplest case of a two-port device is developed. By solving this simple case, most of the lacks of the current theory are filled up. As instance, it allows the characterization and comparison of symmetric and spiral inductors, which have remained a controversy point until now. After solving this case, the theory is extended to a n-port device. Another key point on the fast and inexpensive development of radio frequency devices is the advance on fast CAD tools for the analysis and synthesis of passive devices. In the case of silicon technologies, planar inductors have become the most popular shapes because of its integrability. However, the design of inductors entails a deep experience and acknowledge not only on the behavior of such devices but on the use of electromagnetic (EM) simulators. Unfortunately, the use of EM simulators consumes an important quantity of time and resources. Thereby, this thesis is devoted to improve some of the aspects that slow down the synthesis process of inductors. Therefore, an ‘ab initio’ technique for the meshing of planar radio frequency and microwave circuits is described. The technique presented can evaluate the losses in the component with a high accuracy just in few seconds where an electromagnetic simulator would normally last hours. Likewise, a simple bisection algorithm for the synthesis of compact planar inductors is presented. It is based on a set of heuristic rules obtained from the study of the electromagnetic behavior of these planar devices. Additionally, design of a single-ended to differential low noise amplifier (LNA) in a CMOS technology is performed by using the methods and tools described.
L'enginyeria de radiofreqüència i la tecnologia de microones han assolit un desenvolupament inimaginable i avui en dia formen part de la majoria de les nostres activitats diàries. Probablement, la tecnologia mòbil ha tingut un desenvolupament més ràpid que qualsevol altre avenç tecnològic de l'era digital. Avui en dia, podem dir que el paradigma de la mobilitat s'ha assolit i tenim accés ràpid a internet des de qualsevol lloc on podem estar amb un dispositiu de butxaca. No obstant això, encara hi ha fites per endavant. Es més que probable que el paradigma de l’ "ambient intelligence” sigui el centre dels pròxims avenços en les tecnologies sense fils. A diferencia del paradigma de l"ambient intelligence', l'evolució de la tecnologia de la informació mai ha tingut l'objectiu explícit de canviar la societat, sinó que ho van fer com un efecte secundari, en canvi, les visions d' “ambient intelligence” proposen expressament el transformar la societat mitjançant la connexió completa i la seva informatització. Per tant, l'augment de la demanda de dispositius de ràdio freqüència (RF) i de les seves possibles aplicacions representa, no només un repte per a les indústries tecnològiques per millorar els seus plans de treball, sinó també per als enginyers de RF que hauran de dissenyar dispositius de baixa potència, més robusts, de mida petita i de baix cost. Quant a la robustesa dels dispositius, en els últims anys, les topologies de tipus diferencial han adquirit una important rellevància per la seva immunitat natural al soroll i resistència a les interferències. Dins d'aquest marc, un dispositiu de nports diferencial, encara pot ser tractat com un dispositiu 2nx2n i la teoria clàssica d'anàlisi de circuits (és a dir, la temia de quadripols) es pot aplicar a través de paràmetres Z, Y, h o els paràmetres S, més adequats en el camp de freqüència de ràdio. Tot i això, Bockelman i Eisenstadt introdueixen els paràmetres S mixtos, que expressen més adequadament el comportament diferencial i en mode comú de dispositius simètrics o asimètrics. Des de llavors, aquests paràmetres s'han utilitzat amb un grau variable d'èxit, com es mostrarà, principalment a causa d'una mala interpretació. D'aquesta manera, la primera part d'aquesta tesi està dedicada a estendre la teoria dels paràmetres S de mode mixt i proposa la metodologia d'anàlisi d'aquest tipus de dispositius i circuits. D'aquesta forma, en el Capítol 2, es desenvolupa el cas més simple d'un dispositiu de dos ports. En resoldre aquest cas simple, la major part de les mancances de la teoria actual es posen de relleu. Com a exemple, pennet la caracterització i la comparació de bobines simètriques i espiral no simètriques, que han estat un punt de controvèrsia fins ara. Després de resoldre aquest cas, al Capítol 3 s'estén la teOIia a un dispositiu de n-ports dels quals un nombre pot ser single-ended i la resta diferencials. És en aquest moment quan la dualitat existent entre els paràmetres S estàndard i de mode mixt es pot veure clarament i es destaca en el seu conjunt. Aquesta teoria permet, tanmateix, estendre la teoria clàssica d'amplificadors quan s'analitzen per mitjà de paràmetres S. Un altre punt clau en el desenvolupament ràpid i de baix cost dels dispositius de radiofreqüència és l'avenç en les eines CAD ràpides per a l'anàlisi i síntesi dels dispositius passius, en especial dels inductors. Aquests dispositius apareixen tot sovint en el disseny de radio freqüència degut a la seva gran versatilitat. Tot i que hi ha hagut múltiples intents de reemplaçar amb components externs o circuits, fins i tot actius, en el cas de les tecnologies de silici, els inductors planars s'han convertit en les formes més populars per la seva integrabilitat. No obstant això, el disseny d'inductors implica conèixer i posseir una experiència profunda no només en el comportament d'aquests dispositius, però també en l'ús de simuladors electromagnètics (EM). Desafortunadament, l'ús dels simuladors EM consumeix una quantitat important de temps i recursos. Per tant, la síntesi dels inductors representa un important inconvenient actualment. D'aquesta manera, la segona part d'aquesta tesi està dedicada a millorar alguns dels aspectes que frenen el procés de síntesi dels inductors. Per tant, en el Capítol 4, es descriu una tècnica 'ab initio' de generació de la malla per bobines planars en ràdio freqüència i microones. La tècnica es basa en l'estudi analític dels fenòmens d'aglomeració de corrent que tenen lloc a l'interior del component. En aquesta avaluació, no es requereix una solució explícita dels corrents i de les càrregues arreu del circuit. Llavors, el nombre de cel•les de la malla assignades a una tira de metall donada, depèn del valor inicialment obtingut a partir de l'estudi analític. La tècnica presentada pot avaluar les pèrdues en el component amb una gran precisió només en uns pocs segons, quan comparat amb un simulador electromagnètic normalment es necessitaria hores. De la mateixa manera, en el Capítol 5 es presenta un senzill algoritme de bisecció per a la síntesi d'inductors planars compactes. Es basa en un conjunt de regles heurístiques obtingut a partir de l'estudi del comportament electromagnètic d'aquests dispositius planars. D'aquesta manera, el nombre d'iteracions es manté moderadament baix.D'altra banda, per tal d'accelerar l'anàlisi en cada pas, s'utilitza un simulador ràpid electromagnètic planar, el qual es basa en el coneixement que es té del component sintetitzat. Finalment, en el Capítol 6, la metodologia de paràmetres S de mode mixt proposada i les eines CAD introduides s'utilitzen àmpliament en el disseny d'un amplificador de baix soroll “single-ended” a diferencial (LNA), mitjançant una tecnologia estàndard CMOS.L'amplificador de baix soroll és un dels components claus en un sistema de recepció de radio freqüència, ja que tendeix a dominar la sensibilitat i la figura de soroll (NF) de tot el sistema. D'altra banda, les característiques d'aquest circuit estan directament relacionades amb els components actius i passius disponibles en una tecnologia donada. Per tant, la tecnologia escollida, el factor de qualitat dels passius, i la forma com es caracteritzen tindran un alt impacte en les principals figures de mèrit del circuit real.
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44

Beeravolu, Reddy Champak. "Écologie des communautés neutralistes : inférence des paramètres des modèles à l'aide de la composition spécifique en forêt tropicale." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20183.

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La compréhension de la dynamique des forêts tropicales hyperdiverses a toujours été un défi en écologie. Historiquement les modèles se basant sur le concept de la niche ou la courbe logistique ont montré leurs limites lorsqu'il s'agissait d'expliquer la diversité d'espèces en forêt tropicale. L'arrivée des modèles neutres en écologie a permis d'exprimer dans un cadre mathématique l'échantillonnage des forêts tropicales, ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives. Ces modèles, très réduits en nombre de paramètres, ont été développés depuis la génétique des populations. Encore peu explorés, ces modèles considèrent les espèces comme étant fonctionnellement équivalentes entre elles. Pour commencer, nous réexaminerons les avancées récentes dans ce domaine extrêmement actif, pour discuter ensuite du développement futur de ces modèles. Dans un second temps, nous analyserons l'inférence des paramètres neutres, afin d'établir ce lien important entre modèles théoriques et données du terrain. De plus, nous introduirons un nouvel estimateur du paramètre décrivant la richesse d'espèces rencontrées dans ces forêts. Ces résultats seront mis en perspective par l'utilisation des données de terrain provenant des forêts sempervirentes des Ghâts Occidentaux d'Inde ainsi que des forêts humides autour du Canal du Panama. Nous testerons également ces approches sur des simulations variées. Finalement, nous essayerons d'évaluer la pertinence des estimations du paramètre de migration en les comparant avec les distances de dispersion des graines observées en forêt tropicale
Understanding the dynamics of highly diverse communities such as tropical forests has always been a challenging task in ecology. Historically, simplified logistic models and complex niche theories have had a limited success in explaining the species diversity and composition in a tropical context. With the advent of neutral models, we have an original quantitative framework in terms of a sampling theory which opens new perspectives in the field of tropical community ecology. These parsimonious models originally developed from existing theories in population genetics, have a highly selective interpretation of niche theory defined as the functional equivalence of species which has been insufficiently explored. To begin with, we review recent advances of this extremely active field and provide insights into future developments of this theory. Further on, we provide a detailed account of parameter inference which is the crucial link between theoret ical models and field data. In addition, we improve on existing approaches by introducing a novel estimator for the parameter explaining the species richness found in these forests. These results are put into perspective by using field data from the wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats region of India and the tropical rain forests around the Panama Canal Watershed. Our results are also rigorously tested using simulations of neutral community composition. Lastly, we provide insights into whether parameter inferences dealing with immigration correspond to the seed dispersal distances typically found in tropical forests
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45

Essebbar, Abderrahman. "Séparation paramétrique des ondes en sismique." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785644.

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Dans cette étude, nous nous intéressons à la séparation des ondes sismiques, traitement principal conditionnant toute interprétation physique des données. En première partie, les méthodes de séparation non paramétriques (Matrice spectrale, Transformée de Karhunen-Loève et Filtrage FK) sont étudiées. La limitation de ces méthodes nous a conduit à utiliser l'approche paramétrique. Cette approche fait apparaître une modélisation qui permet de tenir compte des divers types d'ondes sismiques. La séparation paramétrique des ondes utilise l'estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance. Elle est réalisée en estimant les différents paramètres (lenteur apparente, amplitude, forme de l'onde, phase et angle d'incidence) caractérisant chaque onde. Les différentes méthodes d'estimation ainsi que les limites et les performances de la séparation paramétrique sont étudiées en deuxième partie. Les résultats de cette étude sont appliqués, en dernière partie, au traitement des signaux sismiques de puits issus d'une expérimentation ainsi qu'à des ondes dispersives de sismique de, surface.
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46

Libengue, Dobele-kpoka Francial Giscard Baudin. "Méthode non-paramétrique des noyaux associés mixtes et applications." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2007/document.

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Nous présentons dans cette thèse, l'approche non-paramétrique par noyaux associés mixtes, pour les densités àsupports partiellement continus et discrets. Nous commençons par rappeler d'abord les notions essentielles d'estimationpar noyaux continus (classiques) et noyaux associés discrets. Nous donnons la définition et les caractéristiques desestimateurs à noyaux continus (classiques) puis discrets. Nous rappelons aussi les différentes techniques de choix deparamètres de lissage et nous revisitons les problèmes de supports ainsi qu'une résolution des effets de bord dans le casdiscret. Ensuite, nous détaillons la nouvelle méthode d'estimation de densités par les noyaux associés continus, lesquelsenglobent les noyaux continus (classiques). Nous définissons les noyaux associés continus et nous proposons laméthode mode-dispersion pour leur construction puis nous illustrons ceci sur les noyaux associés non-classiques de lalittérature à savoir bêta et sa version étendue, gamma et son inverse, gaussien inverse et sa réciproque le noyau dePareto ainsi que le noyau lognormal. Nous examinons par la suite les propriétés des estimateurs qui en sont issus plusprécisément le biais, la variance et les erreurs quadratiques moyennes ponctuelles et intégrées. Puis, nous proposons unalgorithme de réduction de biais que nous illustrons sur ces mêmes noyaux associés non-classiques. Des études parsimulations sont faites sur trois types d’estimateurs à noyaux lognormaux. Par ailleurs, nous étudions lescomportements asymptotiques des estimateurs de densité à noyaux associés continus. Nous montrons d'abord lesconsistances faibles et fortes ainsi que la normalité asymptotique ponctuelle. Ensuite nous présentons les résultats desconsistances faibles et fortes globales en utilisant les normes uniformes et L1. Nous illustrons ceci sur trois typesd’estimateurs à noyaux lognormaux. Par la suite, nous étudions les propriétés minimax des estimateurs à noyauxassociés continus. Nous décrivons d'abord le modèle puis nous donnons les hypothèses techniques avec lesquelles noustravaillons. Nous présentons ensuite nos résultats minimax tout en les appliquant sur les noyaux associés non-classiquesbêta, gamma et lognormal. Enfin, nous combinons les noyaux associés continus et discrets pour définir les noyauxassociés mixtes. De là, les outils d'unification d'analyses discrètes et continues sont utilisés, pour montrer les différentespropriétés des estimateurs à noyaux associés mixtes. Une application sur un modèle de mélange des lois normales et dePoisson tronquées est aussi donnée. Tout au long de ce travail, nous choisissons le paramètre de lissage uniquementavec la méthode de validation croisée par les moindres carrés
We present in this thesis, the non-parametric approach using mixed associated kernels for densities withsupports being partially continuous and discrete. We first start by recalling the essential concepts of classical continuousand discrete kernel density estimators. We give the definition and characteristics of these estimators. We also recall thevarious technical for the choice of smoothing parameters and we revisit the problems of supports as well as a resolutionof the edge effects in the discrete case. Then, we describe a new method of continuous associated kernels for estimatingdensity with bounded support, which includes the classical continuous kernel method. We define the continuousassociated kernels and we propose the mode-dispersion for their construction. Moreover, we illustrate this on the nonclassicalassociated kernels of literature namely, beta and its extended version, gamma and its inverse, inverse Gaussianand its reciprocal, the Pareto kernel and the kernel lognormal. We subsequently examine the properties of the estimatorswhich are derived, specifically, the bias, variance and the pointwise and integrated mean squared errors. Then, wepropose an algorithm for reducing bias that we illustrate on these non-classical associated kernels. Some simulationsstudies are performed on three types of estimators lognormal kernels. Also, we study the asymptotic behavior of thecontinuous associated kernel estimators for density. We first show the pointwise weak and strong consistencies as wellas the asymptotic normality. Then, we present the results of the global weak and strong consistencies using uniform andL1norms. We illustrate this on three types of lognormal kernels estimators. Subsequently, we study the minimaxproperties of the continuous associated kernel estimators. We first describe the model and we give the technicalassumptions with which we work. Then we present our results that we apply on some non-classical associated kernelsmore precisely beta, gamma and lognormal kernel estimators. Finally, we combine continuous and discrete associatedkernels for defining the mixed associated kernels. Using the tools of the unification of discrete and continuous analysis,we show the different properties of the mixed associated kernel estimators. All through this work, we choose thesmoothing parameter using the least squares cross-validation method
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47

Samuel, Tomáš. "Vliv připojování disperzních zdrojů na DS 22 kV v dané oblasti a určení dopadů na provoz DS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218534.

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The Thesis deals with the current problem related to the connection of dispersive sources to the distribution network. The advantageous legislative support, however, gives a rapid rise to the sources of this kind. Current pricing philosophy favours in particular the growth of photovoltaic power plants. The introduction is aimed at the dispersive sources locating so as to give a comprehensive solution and better understanding of this issue. The equipments of this kind are located in accordance with legislation in force; however, it is necessary to formulate the possibilities of placing them from the view of rational use of the area with the aim of the public weal accordance of both public and private interests. Talking about connection of the new dispersive sources to the distribution network, it is important to mention the legislation, legal directives and regulations delimitating this kind of trade. This theme is the subject of another chapter of the work. Particular attention is paid to the regulation on conditions of connection to the distribution network. When connecting the sources to the distribution network the biggest technical problem from the view of electrical engineering is undesirable influence on the quality parameters (voltage) in this network. This is in particular the voltage change after connection, then, depending on the type of source, the emission of the current harmonic, sharp voltage change, etc. Considering current rise of the dispersive sources connected to the distribution network, more and more influence will appear in quantity parameters. For this reason there will be a lot of search for the methods of preventing from the negative influence on the network. From all of the above said reasons, the work is aimed at the operation analysis of the part of the distribution network, calculation of the network qualitative parameters and searching for the methods of negative influence rectification owing to switching processes of the distribution system. So as to determine the quantitative parameters we used the E-influence programme. Final paragraphs are devoted to the changes to come not only in legislation but, in general, in the approach of the distribution system operators not only to the ways of another connection of such sources but even the regulation of the dispersive sources already connected.
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48

Graciá, Salgado Rogelio. "Diseño y caracterización de metamateriales acústicos basados en guías de onda." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/38759.

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En la realización de este trabajo se obtendrán las expresiones analíticas que permiten describir las propiedades acústicas de una red de elementos dispersivos en el interior de una guía de ondas, permitiendo así, obtener en el límite de homogenización los parámetros efectivos que caracterizan al metamaterial y la verificación experimental de las propiedades acústicas del metamaterial. Matemáticamente este problema se tratará con la teoría de la dispersión múltiple, ya que las geometrías a tratar en este trabajo van a ser cilíndricas y dicha teoría se ha demostrado ser la mas efectiva para esos casos y usando la técnica de ¿mode matching ¿para la resolución general del problema de la dispersión de campo acústico en el interior de una guía de ondas.
Graciá Salgado, R. (2014). Diseño y caracterización de metamateriales acústicos basados en guías de onda [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/38759
TESIS
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49

Prudík, Jiří. "Model metropolitní optické sítě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217666.

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The purpose of this master’s thesis is foremost to provide a simple guide how to build elements of optical metropolitan area network. The basic model consists to sequence of construction, network topology, passive and active parts. The collection contains examples of alternative technology such as Wireless LAN with different frequency. The optical network construction based on optical cable, fibres, splices, trays, adapters, connectors and active parts for example a lot of media convertor models. After that there are demonstrating type of wavelength division multiplexer used in metropolitan area network – passive planar PCL splitter. One of the passive planar splitter are used to increase optical fibre channel. At the end of the collection a simplified examples of used measurements – optical time domain reflectometry and optical fibre transmission. Contains standard protocols or reflectogram. The conclusion of this thesis summarizes costs of FTTb (Fibre To The Building) model of optical metropolitan area network in Czech republic and future contribution for society.
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50

"Testing dispersion parameters in generalized linear models." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886615.

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by Lam Man Kin.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990.
Bibliography: leaves 69-71.
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Generalized Linear Models --- p.7
Chapter §2.1 --- The Model --- p.7
Chapter §2.2 --- Estimation of the Parameters --- p.10
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Tests for the Dispersion Parameters --- p.15
Chapter S3.1 --- Three Asymptotically Equivalent Tests based on MLE --- p.15
Chapter §3.2 --- Application of the Tests for the Dispersion Parameters --- p.22
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Finite Sample Study of the Three Tests based on Simulation --- p.29
Chapter §4.1 --- Introduction --- p.29
Chapter §4.2 --- The Simulation --- p.31
Chapter §4.3 --- The Results --- p.34
Chapter Chapter 5 --- An Example --- p.38
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions and Discussions --- p.42
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