Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dispersion lagrangienne'
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ZOUARI, NAJET. "Dispersion lagrangienne en turbulence bidimensionnelle." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066778.
Full textBerlemont, Alain. "Modélisation eulérienne et lagrangienne de la dispersion particulaire en écoulement turbulent." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES028.
Full textBerlemont, Alain. "Modélisation eulérienne et lagrangienne de la dispersion particulaire en écoulement turbulent." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602924b.
Full textChikaoui, Abdelkader. "Contribution à la simulation lagrangienne de la dispersion et de l'évaporation de gouttelettes." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0015.
Full textTThe present work is devoted to the study dilute two-phase flows where the dispersed phase is made of droplets that may eventually evaporate. A Lagrangian approach has been developped for the treatment of the dispersed phase: it consists to simulate the dispersion of a relatively large number of particles in order to get statistical quantities by simple averages. The idea is to solve the fundamental law of dynamics for each particle. From the motion of the particles within the flow is simulated, we deduce the momentum, energy, heat. . . Transfer terms between phases. These terms are then introduced into the continuous phase equations, making the whole method a two-way coupling one. In the case of sufficiently dilute flows, the feedback (from the particles two the fluid) can be neglected and the continuous phase equations reduce to the classical Navier-Stokes ones with one way-coupling only. A stochastic model is used to simulate the fluctuations of the velocity along each particle trajectory. Vaporisation is accounted for by using a finite conduction model from the litterature. Numerically speaking, this approach is coupled to an existing code, for computing complex geometry flows, by means of a Lagrangian module. The latter provides the necessary source terms that model the particles' influence onto the fluid. We first validate the code in the absence of evaporation, using the classical Hishida and Maeda experiment, a widely employed test-case for most Lagrangian simulations of this kind. In the presence of dropplets evaporation our results are consistent with predictions of a code developped at CORIA
Desjonqueres, Philippe. "Modélisation lagrangienne du comportement de particules discrètes en écoulement turbulent." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES004.
Full textBéard, Philippe. "Modélisation lagrangienne de la dispersion et de l'évaporation de gouttes dans un écoulement turbulent instationnaire." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ESAE0004.
Full textPinho, brasil junior Antonio cesar. "Simulation numérique par éléments finis des écoulements turbulents tridimensionnels avec dispersion : approches eulérienne et lagrangienne." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0042.
Full textChagras, Valérie. "Simulation eulérienne-lagrangienne d'écoulements gaz-solide non isothermes : interactions particules-turbulence, application aux écoulements en conduite." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007697.
Full textVinkovic, Ivana. "Dispersion et mélange turbulents de particules solides et de gouttelettes par une simulation des grandes échelles et une modélisation stochastique lagrangienne." Phd thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ivinkovic.pdf.
Full textIn order to study the dispersion of industrial stack emissions, a large eddy simulation with the dynamic subgrid-scale model of Germano et al. (1991) is coupled with Lagrangian tracking of fluid particles containing scalar, solid particles and droplets. Because most interactions between particles, such as chemical reactions, collisions, coalescence, breakup or evaporation, take place at a subgrid scale, it is important to model the movement of particles below the grid. Therefore, a Langevin model is coupled with the LES. The stochastic model is written in terms of subgrid-scale statistics at a mesh level. Finally, a model for droplet coalescence and breakup is implemented. Coalescence and breakup are considered as a stochastic process under the scaling symmetry assumption. The model is inspired by the stochastic model for secondary breakup of Apte et al. (2003). The results of the different models implemented in the LES are compared with various wind tunnel experiments
Vissenaekens, Elise. "The assessment of the uncertainty of the hydrodynamical SYMPHONIE2015 model and its implications for Lagrangian dispersal studies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS039.
Full textTo give sound management advice, the connectivity in coastal areas must be thoroughly understood. The red thread throughout this PhD is analysing the uncertainty of the SYMPHONIE2015 model and its effect on larval dispersal simulations. In the first chapter, the robustness of the model to assumption violation was tested. This was done by calculating six relative and absolute statistical indicators during and outside of wind, wave and stratification events. The results showed that the model’s performance is not affected by these events. In the second chapter, the instant error was calculated. Then, the cumulative error distributions were compared to each other in space and time. In time, the intraseasonal differences in error distributions were smaller than the interseasonal ones. In space, eight groups of error distributions could be formed. No link was found between the model’s performance and stratification, water depth, resolution and bathymetry slope. However, a strong correlation between the current speed and the error distributions was found. In chapter three, the instant error was added as noise to the Lagrangian dispersal simulations and compared to the original run to assess the effect of the models’ error on connectivity. The median difference in transfer rate between the runs with and without noise around zero. However, the relative difference in transfer rate can vary from -100% to 100%. Knowing the uncertainties in dispersal simulations can aid in using them for management advice
Bodin, Jacques. "Transport de solutés dans des réseaux de fractures discrets : nouvelle approche Lagrangienne dans le domaine des temps." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066394.
Full textBahlali, Meïssam. "Adaptation de la modélisation hybride eulérienne/lagrangienne stochastique de Code_Saturne à la dispersion atmosphérique de polluants à l’échelle micro-météorologique et comparaison à la méthode eulérienne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1047/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis is part of a project that aims at modeling pollutant atmospheric dispersion with the Computational Fluid Dynamics code Code_Saturne. The objective is to simulate atmospheric dispersion of pollutants in a complex environment, that is to say around power plants, industrial sites or in urban areas. In this context, the focus is on modeling the dispersion at micro-scale, that is for distances of the order of a few meters to a few kilometers and corresponding to time scales of the order of a few tens of seconds to a few tens of minutes: this is also called the near field area. The approach followed in this thesis follows a hybrid Eulerian/Lagrangian formulation, where the mean dynamical fields relative to the carrier fluid (pressure, velocity, temperature, turbulence) are calculated through an Eulerian approach and are then provided to the Lagrangian solver. This type of formulation is commonly used in the atmospheric literature for its numerical efficiency. The Lagrangian stochastic model considered in our work is the Simplified Langevin Model (SLM), developed by Pope (1985,2000). This model belongs to the methods commonly referred to as PDF (Probability Density Function) methods, and, to our knowledge, has not been used before in the context of atmospheric dispersion. First, we show that the SLM meets the so-called well-mixed criterion (Thomson, 1987). This criterion, essential for any Lagrangian stochastic model to be regarded as acceptable, corresponds to the fact that if particles are initially uniformly distributed in an incompressible fluid, then they must remain so. We check the good respect of the well-mixed criterion for three cases of inhomogeneous turbulence representative of a wide range of practical applications: a mixing layer, an infinite plane channel, and an atmospheric-like case involving an obstacle within a neutral boundary layer. We show that the good respect of the well-mixed criterion lies simply in the good introduction of the pressure gradient term as the mean drift term in the Langevin model (Pope, 1987; Minier et al., 2014; Bahlali et al., 2018c). Also, we discuss the importance of consistency between Eulerian and Lagrangian fields in the framework of such Eulerian/Lagrangian hybrid formulations. Then, we validate the model in the case of continuous point source pollutant dispersion, under uniform wind and homogeneous turbulence. In these conditions, there is an analytical solution allowing a precise verification. We observe that in this case, the Lagrangian model discriminates well the two different near- and far-field diffusion regimes, which is not the case for an Eulerian model based on the eddy-viscosity hypothesis (Bahlali et al., 2018b).Finally, we work on the validation of the model on several experimental campaigns in real atmosphere, taking into account atmospheric thermal stratification and the presence of buildings. The first experimental program considered in our work has been conducted on the `SIRTA' site (Site Instrumental de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique), in the southern suburb of Paris, and involves a stably stratified surface layer. The second campaign studied is the MUST (Mock Urban Setting Test) experiment. Conducted in the United States, in Utah's desert, this experiment aims at representing an idealized city, through several ranges of containers. Two cases are simulated and analyzed, respectively corresponding to neutral and stable atmospheric stratifications (Bahlali et al., 2018a)
Fifani, Gina. "Lagrangian dispersion and oil spills : with a case study in the Eastern Mediterranean." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS243.
Full textDue to their dire impacts on marine life, public health, and services, accidental oil spills require an immediate response. Effective action starts with a good knowledge of the ocean dynamics prevailing in the contaminated region. The Lagrangian approach has been proposed as a supportive tool in marine pollution management. The goal of this thesis is to use and develop Lagrangian tools to analyze two oil spill events extending on a scale smaller than that of the DeepWater Horizon oil spill. These are an offshore East China sea oil spill (2018) and a near-coast East Mediterranean accident (2021). The calculation of Lagrangian fronts have been more robust and more informative on the dispersion pathways than the direct advection of a numerical tracer. The inclusion of the wind effect is also found to be essential, being capable of suddenly breaking Lagrangian fronts. A new technique is also proposed, rooted in the Lyapunov theory, by which the drifting speed of a Lagrangian front can be estimated based on near real-time information alone. This information allows to predict the Lagrangian front future location over a few days and to study frontal drifting speeds at global and Mediterranean scales. A further contribution to a Lagrangian experiment in the Mediterranean highlights the Lagrangian shortcoming of nadir altimetry and the need for future altimetry missions like SWOT
Moissette, Sophie. "Étude dynamique et thermique par modélisation eulérienne-lagrangienne des effets liés aux interactions turbulence-particules dans un écoulement gaz-solide en conduite verticale non-isotherme." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0231_MOISSETTE.pdf.
Full textThe present study aimed at contributing to the development of simulation tools for turbulent gas-solid non-isothermal flows, which are present in numerous industrial applications (drying processes, combustion, ). The modelling is implemented in the frame of an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach and leans on a fine representation of the mechanisms able to affect the suspension behaviour (anisotropic low-Reynolds k-epsilon closure model and WET closure model, stochastic particle tracking with collisions and dispersion, coupling between the phases). The influence of the various phenomena and their modelling on the behaviour of each phase is estimated by several parametric studies and by comparisons with results from the literature. The calculation code turned out to be able to predict the heat exchange modulation in the presence of particles for a relatively wide range of flows, even if several problems still arise for the smallest particle sizes and for the strongest mass loading ratios
Arcen, Boris. "Étude par simulation numérique directe du comportement et de la dispersion de particules solides en écoulement non homogène isotherme ou anisotherme." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149868.
Full textKeita, Namamoudou Sidiki. "Étude de la dispersion de nanoparticules dans le sillage d’obstacles : cas d’un véhicule automobile." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0205/document.
Full textIn this thesis, the study of the interactions between ultrafine particles emitted by the exhaust pipes and the wake flow generated by the emitting vehicle was carried out mainly using a numerical approach. An experimental campaign was conducted for validation purpose. The goal of the thesis is to understand the impact of exhaust particles on the surrounding environment on both the pedestrian and the passengers of the following vehicles. For this purpose, the fluid flow was resolved with an Eulerian type URANS model (Unsteady Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes) combined to the Lagrangian approach for the nanoparticles trajectories calculation. This thesis is conducted simultaneously with a collaborative project funded by ADEME (CAPTIHV) whose purpose is to assess the air quality of automotive car cabins, and particulate infiltration from the surrounding traffic in particular of ultrafine particles. The study of the dispersion of fine particles in turbulent flows requires a fine analysis of the turbulent structures that develop in such flows. Our numerical study therefore consisted, first, in analyzing this dispersion in the case of a classic wake flow downstream of a cylinder. This enabled us to characterize the interaction of solid carbon nanoparticles with vortical structures evaluating at the same time the impact of turbulence and Brownian diffusion. This allowed determining the influence of the main mechanisms influencing nanoparticles dispersion. In a second step, we replaced the cylinder configuration by a simplified geometry of a motor vehicle, Ahmed body configuration. Therefore, simulations with and without of particles presence have been conducted and have allowed to highlight the swirls structures and to characterize the particles dispersion through particle concentration profiles and the particles dispersion coefficients. The results of these simulations allowed us determining the important mechanisms / forces that can influence the dispersion of such particles in the wake of a ground vehicle; this facilitated the implementation and analysis of relatively more complex simulations of the aerodynamics of the square back Ahmed body in the presence of nanoparticles simulating soot from the exhaust gases. The interactions of ultrafine particles with vortical structures appearing in the wake of vehicles were evaluated from concentration profiles and transverse dispersion coefficients. The final step was a wind tunnel experimental campaign that allowed us to characterize the average and turbulent velocity fields as well as the particle concentration fields downstream of the vehicle to validate the numerical results
Pétrissans, Anélie. "Sur les modèles stochastiques lagrangiens de suivi de particules dans un champ turbulent et leur application en écoulements gaz-solide confinés." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10194.
Full textThis work lies on the Lagrangian approach of particle dispersion in a turbulent flow. The fluid turbulent motion at the discrete particle location is predicted using a stochastic model based on the knowledge of the autocorrelation coefficient of the fluid " seen " by the particle. The proposed stochastic model ARMA(2,1) is consistent with Wang and Stock's analytical form (1993) describing the autocorrelation function of the fluid seen. A parametric study of the particle dispersion in a homogeneous, isotropic stationary turbulent flow has shown that a non-linear drag force can make the particle anisotropy more pronounced. Our study has been extended to gas-solid pipe flows. Several dispersion models have been compared. We have put emphasis that in the case of small particles it is very important to correctly model the non homogeneous character of the turbulent flow
Polanco, Juan Ignacio. "Lagrangian properties of turbulent channel flow : a numerical study." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1043/document.
Full textThe Lagrangian perspective, describing a flow from the trajectories of fluid tracers, isa natural framework for studying dispersion phenomena in turbulent flows. In wall-boundedturbulence, the motion of fluid tracers is affected by mean shear and by strong inhomogeneityand anisotropy near walls. We investigate the Lagrangian properties of a turbulent channel flowusing direct numerical simulations at a moderate Reynolds number. Lagrangian accelerationstatistics are compared to particle tracking experiments performed in parallel to this work. Asin homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT), the acceleration components along Lagrangianpaths decorrelate over time scales representative of the smallest scales of the flow, while theacceleration norm stays correlated for much longer. The persistence of small-scale anisotropy farfrom the wall is demonstrated in the form of a non-zero cross-correlation between accelerationcomponents. As a result of the average fluxes of kinetic energy in wall turbulence, tracers initiallylocated close to the wall travel and spread over longer distances when tracked backwardsin time than forwards. The relative dispersion of tracer pairs is finally investigated. At shorttimes, pair separation is ballistic for all wall distances. As in HIT, relative dispersion is timeasymmetric, with tracers separating faster when tracked backwards in time. At longer times,mean shear dominates leading to rapid separation in the mean flow direction. A ballisticcascade model previously proposed for HIT is adapted to inhomogeneous flows
Colas, François. "Circulation et dispersion lagrangiennes en Atlantique nord-est." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES2010.
Full textThe North-Eastern Atlantic circulation, complex and not well-known, is studied with an intensive use of lagrangian data collected during the ARCANE program, at North-Atlantic Central Waters (NACW) and Mediterranean Water (MW) depths. The study is conducted from the basin-scale to the meso-scale. The first part of the thesis describes new mean circulation solutions over the basin and in the west IberiaBay of Biscay region with also seasonal solutions. The influence of meso-scale eddies on the dynamics is underlined. A more specific study of the continental slope current system, with lagrangian and eulerian data and with' numerical solution from POP model, shows seasonal variations of the poleward slope current notably at the MW level. These variations are, at least partially, thought to be driven by the annual wind variations. It suggests a possible seasonality of the eddy formation. The second part of this work consists in studying the turbulent field by its dispersive processes, which are of importance in such a weak mean circulation field. The absolute dispersion reveals an anomalous superdiffusive behaviour at intermediate times. This behaviour is caused by the meso-scale eddies influence and an explanation in terra of Levy Flights is suggested. The relative dispersion study shows two distinct regimes, not often observed in the ocean, and we discuss their origin and significance: an exponential separation ai initial times followed by a Richardson regime at intermediate times. These two complementary visions allow us to get a more precise insight in the dispersive processes in the region
Lalire, Maxime. "STAMM, un modèle individu-centré de la dispersion active des tortues marines juvéniles : applications aux cas des tortues luths du Pacifique Ouest et de l'Atlantique Nord-Ouest et aux tortues caouannes de l'ouest de l'océan Indien." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30259/document.
Full textSea turtles are increasingly threatened by the direct and indirect effects of human activities. Their life cycle is complex, shared between various, and often very distant, habitats. Their conservation therefore requires identifying the habitats occupied at each stage of life and the migration routes between these different habitats. While the spatial ecology of adult turtles is relatively well known, particularly through satellite monitoring, the situation is not the same for juveniles which pelagic development phase remains largely unobserved. In that context, numerical simulation constitutes an appropriate tool to explore the dispersal of juvenile sea turtles from their natal beaches. Until now, simulations were mostly performed under the assumption that juveniles disperse passively with oceanic currents. In this PhD thesis we present STAMM (Sea Turtle Active Movement Model), a new model of active dispersal that aims to go beyond the initial hypothesis of passive drift. In STAMM, juvenile sea turtles move under the influence of ocean currents and swimming movements motivated by the search for favorable habitats. This model is applied here to the study of the dispersal of juveniles from three sea turtle populations: leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) of the Western Pacific and the Northwest Atlantic Oceans, and loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) of the Western Indian Ocean. Our results show that, although ocean currents broadly shape juvenile dispersal areas, simulations including habitat-driven movements provide more realistic results than passive drift simulations. Habitat-driven movements prove to deeply structure the spatial and temporal distribution of juveniles. In particular, they induce seasonal latitudinal migrations that reduce cold induce mortality. They also push simulated individuals to concentrate in productive areas that cannot be accessed through pure passive drift. These results challenge the classical view of juveniles circulating passively around oceanic gyres. They should rapidly be taken into account for the implementation of targeted conservation measures concerning juvenile sea turtles
Michelot, Christophe. "Développement d'un modèle stochastique lagrangien : application à la dispersion et à la chimie de l'atmosphère." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1685_cmichelot.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to build a stochastic Lagrangian model of particles tracking which takes into account chemical reactions between the different species encountered in the flow. The first chapter briefly deals with different kinematic existing models. The complexity of atmos¬pheric chemical reactions is then highlighted through the example of nitrogen oxides ones. Lagrangian approach is chosen to consider reacting flows, as it seems more appropriate than Eulerian approach to local phenomena such as diffusion and chemical reactions. The modeling of the convection in isotropic turbulence by stochastic Lagrangian models based on a Langevin equation is presented in the second chapter. In order to establish the link between Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations, the Fokker-Planck equation deduced from the one particle one time scale stochastic model is determined. This model is applied to the case of a temperature source line seeding a grid generated turbulence. The validation is performed by comparisons of the numerical results to experimental data. The third chapter begins with a summary of the different extensions of the one particle one time scale stochastic model to inhomogeneous turbulent flows. The model of Thomson (1987) will be retained as it appears to be the more rigorous relatively to the hypothesis. Many types of rejections in inhomogeneous turbulence are simulated, which will allow to check the influence of different parameters on numerical results. To end with this chapter, a model including buoyancy effects is presented and tested in the case of a ground level source in a neutral boundary layer. The last chapter is devoted to reacting flows. The one particle Lagrangian approach has needed the use of a mixing model within the tracked particles. Starting from a more general formulation than the diffusion model of Hsu h Chen (1991), the condition it has to satisfy for the concentration probability density function to relax towards a Gaussian shape in isotropic turbulence is established. The new one particle one time scale stochastic model including mixing process is successfully applied to different cases of reacting species mixing experiments in grid generated turbulence which are: a turbulent mixing layer between ozone and nitrogen monoxide; a line source of nitrogen monoxide in a main flow of ozone; a point source of nitrogen monoxide in a main flow of ozone
Rampal, Pierre. "Etude de la dérive et de la déformation de la banquise Arctique par l'analyse de trajectoires Lagrangiennes." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352799.
Full textOn observe une disparition significative et progressive de la banquise depuis environ un demi siècle, disparition qui s'est accélérée au cours des dernières années, a tel point qu'elle dépasse les prévisions les plus alarmistes des modèles les plus sophistiqués.
Nous montrons dans cette thèse que cette sous-estimation pourrait être le résultat de l'utilisation d'un cadre de modélisation inadéquat : en considérant la banquise comme un milieu continu fluide, les modèles actuels ne parviennent pas a reproduire, entre autres, les propriétés d'intermittence et d'hétérogénéité de son champs de déformation que nous mettons en évidence. De ce fait, la fracturation de la banquise, bien que largement observable sur le terrain et/ou par satellite, n'est pas correctement reproduite. Or, elle apparait comme essentielle au regard de son contrôle sur le caractère isolant décrit plus haut.
Dans ce travail, nous suggérons également d'adopter un nouveau schéma de modélisation, considérant la banquise comme une plaque rigide ayant un comportement mécanique elasto-fragile.
Wei, Guoxin. "Modélisation stochastique du champ Lagrangien des vitesses de sous-maille en simulation numérique des grandes échelles." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/gwei.pdf.
Full textLarge Eddy Simulation (LES) is used to compute the Lagrangian dispersion and the turbulent mixture with high Schmidt number. Firstly, by comparing the results of DNS with LES, we show the influence of the sub-grid velocity on the Eulerian and Lagrangian velocity correlations and their integral time scales. Then, we develop a stochastic modeling for the Lagrangian sub-grid velocity in LES. The amelioration by this stochastic model on the Lagrangian statistics is discussed, like as the velocity correlations and the time scales. Finally, we apply this sub-grid stochastic model to the Lagrangian dispersion in LES, and the effect of Schmidt number is also considered by another model for the Lagrangian mixture
Launay, Karine. "Analyse de modeles lagrangiens de prediction de dispersion turbulente et proposition d'un modele integrant la turbulence vue par la particule." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13065.
Full textVendel, Florian. "Modélisation de la dispersion atmosphérique en présence d'obstacles complexes : application à l'étude de sites industriels." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601470.
Full textSinfort, Carole. "Couplage entre recherche expérimentale et modélisation pour l'optimisation des procédés de pulvérisation agricole." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105765.
Full textL'étude de la pénétration de la pulvérisation dans la vigne a ensuite été étudié. Un modèle a été développé à l'aide d'outils commerciaux de CFD pour la représentation du flux d'air dans la végétation et le calcul de trajectoires représentatives de gouttes. Le modèle a été paramétré à partir de mesures de vitesses d'air de part et d'autre de la canopée. Le comportement des nuages de gouttes et la proportion de produit retenue par le feuillage a été développé de manière plus détaillée : le modèle s'appuie sur un coefficient d'efficacité obtenu à partir d'autres simulations. Ces simulations ont été conçues de manière à permettre une
validation expérimentale. Les mesures de dépôt réalisées en conditions réelles ont ensuite permis de discuter des résultats du modèle global ainsi que des limites de l'approche.
Enfin des contaminations atmosphériques pendant les applications ont fait l'objet d'une démarche expérimentale pour mettre en évidence les relations entre les variables météorologiques, les paramètres-machine et les émissions de pesticide. L'analyse par des systèmes d'inférence floue ont débouché sur une proposition d'outil d'expertise. Un modèle dédié a par ailleurs été développé pour simuler les quantités émises ainsi que leur dispersion atmosphérique.
Reveillon, Julien. "Simulation et modélisation de la combustion turbulente des écoulements diphasiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Rouen, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00475530.
Full textLOUBET, Benjamin. "Modélisation du dépôt sec d'ammoniac atmosphérique à proximité des sources." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003250.
Full textArdeshiri, Hamidreza. "Dynamique des copépodes dans les écoulements turbulents." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10080/document.
Full textThe most common family of multi-celled organisms in the zooplankton is a rather diversified group of crustaceans known with the name of copepods. Copepods have a major role in the marine ecosystem because they are the secondary producers in the ecological food-chain linking phytoplankton cells to fish larvae and even to large mammals such as whales. Copepods swimming behavior exhibits quick powerful jumps. Such an aptness is used to escape from high shear regions, which may be caused either by flow perturbations, produced by a large predator (i.e., fish larvae), or by the inherent highly turbulent dynamics of the ocean. The research presented this thesis goes into three steps. Firstly, recorded velocity tracks of copepods displaying escape response jumps in still water are used to define and tune a Lagrangian copepod (LC) model. Secondly, the model is further employed to simulate the behavior of thousands of copepods in a fully developed hydrodynamic turbulent flow obtained by direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. Thirdly, numerical data analysis is performed to quantify copepods’ dynamics in turbulence and make a comparison with available experimental observations of copepods in turbulence.Through a combined experimental and numerical study, we investigate the impact of jumping behavior on the small-scale patchiness of copepods in a turbulent environment. We further investigate the effect of jump intensity, jump orientation, jump latency time and geometrical aspect ratio of the copepods on the small-scale spatial distribution. At last, possible ecological implications of the observed clustering on encounter rates and mating success are provided
Jouanneau, Nicolas. "Caractérisation de la dispersion de traceurs passifs dans un écoulement côtier soumis à un régime macrotidal : Étude d'impact de la dynamique sur la qualité de l'eau le long du littoral du Nord-Pas de Calais et de la Picardie." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981658.
Full textTran, Quang Huy. "Résolution et étude numériques de quelques problèmes de propagation d'ondes acoustiques en géophysique." Paris, ENMP, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENMP0494.
Full textMussard, Bastien. "Modélisation quantochimiques des forces de dispersion de London par la méthode des phases aléatoires (RPA) : développements méthodologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0292/document.
Full textIn this thesis are shown developments in the random phase approximation (RPA) in the context of range-separated theories. We present advances in the formalism of the RPA in general, and particularly in the "dielectric matrix" formulation of RPA, which is explored in details. We show a summary of a work on the RPA equations with localized orbitals, especially developments of the virtual localized orbitals that are the "projected oscillatory orbitals" (POO). A program has been written to calculate functions such as the exchange hole, the response function, etc... on real space grid (parallelepipedic or of the "DFT" type) ; some of those visualizations are shown here. In the real space, we offer an adaptation of the effective energy denominator approximation (EED), originally developed in the reciprocal space in solid physics. The analytical gradients of the RPA correlation energies in the context of range separation has been derived. The formalism developed here with a Lagrangian allows an all-in-one derivation of the short- and long-range terms that emerge in the expressions of the gradient. These terms show interesting parallels. Geometry optimizations at the RSH-dRPA-I and RSH-SOSEX levels on a set of 16 molecules are shown, as well as calculations and visualizations of correlated densities at the RSH-dRPA-I level
Klein, Amélie. "Analyse du profil vertical de l'ozone dans la basse troposphère à Paris." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS192.pdf.
Full textSurface ozone measurements are not sufficient to understand the mechanisms of ozone formation in the lower troposphere. In this study, we have used instruments from the QUALAIR station, located in Paris center, that can measure vertical profiles of ozone, atmospheric dynamics parameters, and integrated contents of NO2 in the lowermost troposphere. First, a statistical analysis, using four years of ground based ozone LIDAR measurements (2011-2014), is done to understand the mechanisms responsible for the vertical gradient and the seasonal cycle of ozone in Paris. Then, in order to better assess the influence of transport on the spatial and temporal evolution of ozone, we focus on the results obtained from an instrumental campaign, organized in Paris, and during which continuous measurements of ozone, wind and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer were performed. The results show the impact of the entrainment of the residual layer into the mixed layer on the surface ozone variability in the morning at the local scale. A Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART-WRF) is used to better assess the impact of the nocturnal transport of a clean ozone layer via nocturnal low level jets from Paris on the surface ozone evolution at the regional scale. Finally, a one dimensional chemical transport model (PACT 1D) is used to quantify the influence of vertical transport versus photochemistry on the evolution of boundary layer ozone during daytime
Guillaumot, Charlène. "Modelling the response of Antarctic marine species to environmental changes. Methods, applications and limitations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCK020.
Full textAmong tools that are used to fill knowledge gaps on natural systems, ecological modelling has been widely applied during the last two decades. Ecological models are simple representations of a complex reality. They allow to highlight environmental drivers of species ecological niche and better understand species responses to environmental changes. However, applying models to Southern Ocean benthic organisms raises several methodological challenges. Species presence datasets are often aggregated in time and space nearby research stations or along main sailing routes. Data are often limited in number to correctly describe species occupied space and physiology. Finally, environmental datasets are not precise enough to accurately represent the complexity of marine habitats. Can we thus generate performant and accurate models at the scale of the Southern Ocean ? What are the limits of such approaches ? How could we improve methods to build more relevant models ? In this PhD thesis, three different model categories have been studied and their performance evaluated. (1) Mechanistic physiological models (Dynamic Energy Budget models, DEB) simulate how the abiotic environment influences individual metabolism and represent the species fundamental niche. (2) Species distribution models (SDMs) predict species distribution probability by studying the relationship between species presences and the environment. They represent the species realised niche. (3) Dispersal lagrangian models predict the drift of propagules in water masses. Results show that physiological models can be developed for marine Southern Ocean species to simulate the metabolic variations in link with the environment and predict population dynamics. However, more data are necessary to highlight detailed physiological contrasts between populations and to accurately evaluate models. Results obtained for SDMs suggest that models generated at the scale of the Southern Ocean and future simulations are not relevant, given the lack of data available to characterise species occupied space, the lack of precision and accuracy of future climate scenarios and the impossibility to evaluate models. Moreover, model extrapolate on a large proportion of the projected area. Adding information on species physiological limits (observations, results from experiments, physiological model outputs) was shown to reduce extrapolation and to improve the capacity of models to estimate the species realised niche. Spatial aggregation of occurrence data, which influenced model predictions and evaluation was also succefully corrected. Finally, dispersal models showed an interesting potential to highlight the role of geographic barriers or conversely of spatial connectivity and also the link between species distribution, physiology and phylogeny history. This PhD thesis provides methodological advices, annoted codes and tutorials to help implement future modelling works applied to Southern Ocean marine species
Dhaouadi, Firas. "An augmented lagrangian approach for Euler-Korteweg type equations." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30139.
Full textAn approximate first order quasilinear hyperbolic model for Euler-Korteweg (E-K) equations, describing compressible fluid flows whose energy depend on the gradient of density, is derived. E-K system can be seen as the Euler-Lagrange equations to a Lagrangian submitted to the mass conservation constraint. Due to the presence of the density gradient in the Lagrangian, one recovers high-order derivatives of density in the motion equations. The approach presented here permits us to obtain a system of hyperbolic equations that approximate E-K system. The idea is to introduce a new order parameter which approximates the density via a carefully chosen penalty method. The gradient of this new independent variable will then replace the original gradient of density in the Lagrangian, resulting in the so-called augmented Lagrangian. The Euler-Lagrange equations of the augmented Lagrangian result in a first order hyperbolic system with stiff source terms and fast characteristic speeds. Such a system is then analyzed and solved numerically by using IMEX schemes. In particular, this approach was applied to the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation (which can be reduced to the E-K equations via the Madelung transform), for which a comparison with exact and asymptotic solutions, namely gray solitons and dispersive shock waves was performed. Then, the same approach was extended to thin film flows with capillarity, for which comparison of the numerical results with both reference numerical solutions and experimental results was performed. It was shown that the augmented model is also extendable to models with full nonlinear surface tension. In the same setting, a study of stationary droplets on a horizontal solid substrate was conducted in an attempt to classify droplet profiles depending on their energy forms. This also allowed to compare the augmented Lagrangian approach in the case of stationary solutions, and which showed excellent agreement with the reference solutions. Lastly, an independent part of this work is devoted to the study of modified equations associated to numerical schemes for stability purposes. It is shown that for a linear scheme, stability conditions which are obtained from a truncation of the associated modified equation, are only relevant if the corresponding series in Fourier space is convergent for the admissible wavenumbers