Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dispersion de charges'
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Boudimbou, Innocent. "Mécanismes élémentaires de dispersion de charges de silice dans une matrice élastomère." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00617953.
Full textBoudimbou, Innocent Judicaël. "Mécanismes élémentaires de dispersion de charges de silice dans une matrice élastomère." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/79/53/PDF/20401_BOUDIMBOU_2011_archivage.pdf.
Full textThis work reports the rheo-optical study of dispersion mechanisms of reinforcing fillers in an elastomer matrix under shear. The purpose of this work was to determine key parameters for dispersion in order to improve the filler dispersion step in a rubber for pneumatic application. This study showed that the dispersibility of a filler such as carbon black or silica is characterized by a critical stress to overcome and a dispersion mechanism. The dispersion study of precipitated silica grades in the shape of micropearls and of carbon black showed that the dispersion criteria for the two filler depend on the internal organization of the granules. Carbon black dispersion is dominated by the fractal organization of its aggregates. Silica micropearls present a skin-core-internal organization. The dispersion criterion for silica is linked to the skin cohesion strength. The dispersion mechanism is related to the stress propagation pathway within the micropearl and thus to the cohesion of the core. The chemical-physical treatment of silica surface during their processing enables to modify the cohesion of silica micropearls and consequently the dispersion mechanism and stress level for dispersion
Descarpentries, Jérémie. "Compréhension et rôle de la dispersion de charges inorganiques dans une matrice thermoplastique." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2020.
Full textDe, Rancourt Yoann. "Dispersion de charges d'oxydes de terres rares, Er2O3 et Pr6O11, dans une matrice polymère." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20202.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the incorporation of mineral fillers of erbium oxide, Er2O3, and praseodymium oxide, Pr6O11, in an elastomeric polymer matrix, in the context of an industrial project to replace the lead in radiation protection equipment. The actual purpose of this thesis was to improve the dispersion of the fillers in the matrix through chemical treatment processes of these particles. Various types of surface functionalization were used to compatibilize them with an organic matrix, in particular by grafting compounds such as phosphonic acids. Hence, several phosphonic acids have been successfully used for the functionalization of both types of fillers. The characterization of these functionalizations is an important part of this project. Innovative analysis techniques, both direct and indirect have been used for this purpose, namely Py-GC/MS to detect the chemical compounds anchored to the surface of the fillers, X-ray fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy with a quantification target, but also a study of sedimentation kinetics of the fillers in an organic medium. Finally, composites were obtained by mixing the fillers, untreated and treated, with a polyurethane matrix. Tensile tests have clearly shown an improvement of mechanical properties for some of the composites, due to the functionalization of the fillers by phosphonic acids
Olalla, Beatriz. "Analyse des mécanismes de dispersion élémentaires et globaux de charges minérales dans les polymères : influence de la rhéologie et de la structure de la matrice." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STET4003/document.
Full textThe objective of this study is the analysis of the dispersion of mineral fillers within a polymer matrix. This work aims is to increase the fire resistance of a polyolefin by dispersing magnesium hydroxide mineral filler. High amounts of magnesium hydroxide are needed to reach a significant performance of the fire resistance. The high loads induce a degradation of the mechanical properties of the material. In order to obtain a good dispersion and to improve the mechanical properties, a high viscosity matrix may be used. However, this causes problems during the manufacturing of the composite by extrusion because high pressures induced by a highly filled viscous matrix might block the machine. To solve this issue a less viscous matrix can be used to facilitate the processing by extrusion. Two matrices having the same physico-chemical properties but very different viscosities have been used to disperse the filler. The first part of the study concerns the identification and analysis of the elementary mechanism of dispersion, i.e. how an individual agglomerate is dispersed. Then, extrapolation to highly filled systems is carried out. The global mechanism of dispersion has been conducted in an internal mixer and characterization techniques such as scanning electronic microscopy with X-ray detection, tensile test, fractal dimension and dynamic rheometry in the melt have been used. A rheological model relating dynamic rheological measurements and the state of dispersion has been developed. The last part of the study is concerned with the optimization of the fabrication process and the dispersion of filers by twin screw extruder
Bouty, Adrien. "Influence de la dispersion des charges et de la conformation des chaines sur les propriétés mécaniques de systèmes nanocomposites SBR/Silice." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925836.
Full textAzouz, Niramson. "Modélisation des flux d'ammoniac aux échelles locale et régionale dans des paysages hétérogènes : application à l’évaluation des dépassements des charges critiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066030/document.
Full textShort-range atmospheric dispersion of ammonia emitted by agricultural sources and its subsequent deposition to soil and vegetation can lead to the degradation of sensitive ecosystems as well as soil acidification. Atmospheric concentrations and dry depositions rates of NH3 are generally higher near the emission source and environmental impacts on sensitive ecosystems are often largest at these locations. To better evaluate the impacts and their extent at the agricultural landscapes scale, scientific reviews of NH3 assessment methods recommended a comparison between different types of models at different spatial scales. In this context, we compared NH3 fluxes simulated by two atmospheric dispersion, transport and deposition models (CHIMERE and OPS-ST) for different theoretical and semi-real scenarios and for different grid cell sizes. The simulation results show that the averaged NH3 dry deposition over the investigated domains is comparable for grid cell sizes for which the models were designed. This implies that eulerian models with a km scale horizontal resolution can be used for studying the larger scale impact of NH3 on atmospheric composition despite an inadequate treatment of near source dry deposition, for which the models diverge. Meteorological conditions and grid cell size are the factors having the strongest effects on the results of the two models. NH3 dry deposition predictions can be used to map critical load exceedances, our results show that the detection of these exceedances near to the sources is better represented with OPS-ST than with CHIMERE, the latter showing an overestimation of the surfaces exceeding critical loads
Olalla, Béatriz. "Analyse des mécanismes de dispersion élémentaires et globaux de charges minérales dans les polymères : influence de la rhéologie et de la structure de la matrice." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673116.
Full textDiawara, Bassidi. "Propriétés barrières de films de polycarbonate modifiés par plasma froid, par dispersion de charges et par mélanges de polymères." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR057.
Full textThe aim of the present thesis is to improve the barrier properties of polycarbonate (PC), a stiff and transparent polymer used in automotive industry as material for car headlights. PC represents a place of transfer of gas molecules and vapors coming from inside and/or outside the optics and also of migration of small species (monomers, additives) within the material itself. These phenomena often lead to a loss of the PC transparency, especially with the LED technology which does not allow the condensation dissipation. In order to overcome this limitation, three different approaches allowing the increase of materials transfer resistance were chosen. The first approach consists in the cold plasma surface treatment in order to obtain a barrier organosilicon layer on the PC substrate. This layer is obtained using a mixture of oxygen with an organosilicon precursor : hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), 2,4,6,8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS) or triethoxyfluorosilane (TEOFS). The other approaches focused on the incorporation of fillers and polymer blends permit the elaboration of micro/nano-composites of PC/mica, PC/poly(m-xylene adipamide) (MXD6) polymer blends and charged PC/MXD6/mica blends. These films were prepared using a double-screw extruder equipped with mix elements allowing the improvement of the quality and dispersion of the blend. The physico-chemical characterization of the obtained materials highlights the structure/morphology/properties relationship. The plasma deposition allows an increase of the PC thermal resistance as well as its barrier properties toward water and especially gas (N₂, O₂ and CO₂). The efficiency of the plasma treatment toward water molecules strongly depends on the layer hydrophilicity and density. PC/mica composites elaborated with mix elements are found to be more barrier toward water than toward gas, while PC/MXD6 blends are more efficient toward gas than water. Thus, the addition of low mica contents in the PC/MXD6 blend allowed to further increase the water resistance of the blend by trapping effect, while maintaining its high barrier properties toward gas. In addition, an increase of the PC thermal stability and a presevation of the transparency of PC/mica, PC/MXD6 and PC/MXD6/mica films were revealed using mix elements
Astruc, Marianne. "Etude rhéo-optique des mécanismes de dispersion de mélanges sous cisaillement simple: Mélanges concentrés de polymères immiscibles: Mélanges polymères-charges poreuse." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1014.
Full textBogonuk, Claude. "Gels polymères : latex et charges minérales : RMN, gonflement et réponses mécaniques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10198.
Full textAstruc, Marianne. "Étude rhéo-optique des mécanismes de dispersion de mélanges sous cisaillement simple. 1 Mélanges concentrés de polymères immiscibles. 2 Mélanges polymères-charges poreuse." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00275370.
Full textVermogen, Alexandre. "Genese des Microstructures et Consequences sur les Proprietes Mecaniques dans les Polymeres Semi-Cristallins Renforces par des Charges Lamellaires." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173869.
Full textAfin de comprendre pourquoi l'ajout de nano-renfort n'induit pas toujours dans les matrices semi-cristallines les effets potentiellement escomptés, ce travail s'articule autour de deux constatations :
- la première concerne la caractérisation de la morphologie des nanocomposites à renforts lamellaires : les techniques de Microscopie Electronique à Transmission et Diffraction des Rayons X, utilisées telles qu'elles le sont dans la littérature, ne sont pas adaptées à la caractérisation de ces systèmes. Pour remédier à cela, nous proposons dans une première partie une méthodologie par analyse d'images, de microscopie électronique et optique, pour quantifier l'état de dispersion des feuillets d'argile dans la matrice. Grâce à celle-ci, nous avons montré qu'il était possible d'évaluer des paramètres morphologiques et de dispersion qui peuvent mettre en évidence l'effet de la mise en oeuvre, du taux de charge et de la nature du compatibilisant sur la dispersion et l'exfoliation des particules d'argile. De plus, des expériences complémentaires par SAXS, ESEM et par analyse rhéologique, ont montré que la morphologie par analyse d'images était représentative de la morphologie du nanocomposite dans son ensemble.
- la seconde concerne l'analyse des propriétés mécaniques des nanocomposites à matrice semi-cristalline et à renforts lamellaires : celle-ci ne prend pas en compte l'état réel de dispersion, la texture cristalline, l'orientation des particules d'argile ainsi que les interactions renfort-matrice. La deuxième partie de ce travail fait état de l'importance relative de ces différents paramètres sur les propriétés mécaniques. Entre autres, nous avons pu constater que les systèmes les mieux exfoliés n'étaient pas forcément ceux pour lesquels le renforcement était le plus important. Dès lors, nous avons cherché à caractériser la nature du couplage entre les cristallites polymère et les renforts plaquettaires. Deux méthodologies sont proposées. Enfin, une approche qualitative par éléments finis a permis de confirmer le rôle prépondérant des interactions dans le renforcement des nanocomposites lamellaires.
Robbes, Anne-Sophie. "Nanocomposites à base de particules magnétiques : synthèse et contribution de la dispersion des charges et de la conformation des chaines sur les propriétés de renforcement." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648214.
Full textRobbes, Anne-sophie. "Nanocomposites à base de particules magnétiques : synthèse et contribution de la dispersion des charges et de la conformation des chaines sur les propriétés de renforcement." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112201/document.
Full textThe mechanical properties of polymeric nanocomposite films can be considerably enhanced by the inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles due to two main effects: (i) the local structure of fillers dispersion and (ii) the potential modification of the chains conformation and dynamics in the vicinity of the filler/polymer interface. However, the precise mechanisms which permit to correlate these contributions at nanometric scale to the macroscopic mechanical properties of the materials are actually poorly described. In such a context, we have synthesized model nanocomposites based on magnetic nanoparticles of maghemite γ-Fe2O3 (naked or grafted with a polystyrene (PS) corona by radical controlled polymerization) dispersed in a PS matrix, that we have characterized by combining small angle scattering (X-Ray and neutron) and transmission electronic microscopy. By playing on different parameters such as the particle size, the concentration, or the size ratio between the grafted chains and the ones of the matrix in the case of the grafted fillers, we have obtained nanocomposite films a large panel of controlled and reproducible controlled filler structures, going from individual nanoparticles or fractal aggregates up to the formation of a connected network of fillers. By applying an external magnetic field during the film processing, we succeeded in aligning the different structures along the direction of the field and we obtained materials with remarkable anisotropic reinforcement properties. The conformation of the chains of the matrix, experimentally determined thanks to the specific properties of neutron contrast of the system, is not affected by the presence of the fillers, whatever their confinement, the dispersion the fillers or their chemical state surface. The alignment of the fillers along the magnetic field has allowed us to describe precisely the evolution of the reinforcement modulus of the materials with the structural reorganization of the fillers and the chains at the local scale under stretching, and thus to highlight the key role played by the fillers reorganization under stretching on the nanocomposite reinforcement mechanisms
Hassar, Mohcine. "Influence des nano-charges de noir de carbone sur le comportement mécanique de matériaux composites : application au blindage électromagnétique." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878994.
Full textFayolle, Caroline. "Influence de la dispersion de la silice sur les propriétés viscoélastiques et mécaniques des élastomères renforcés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10059/document.
Full textFilled elastomers are used in tread tires. It has been demonstrated that most of rolling resistance of tires is due to filled elastomer energy dissipation. In that way, understanding viscoelastic properties of these materials is a key point. Then, filled elastomer behavior at high deformations may be involved in ultimate properties of tire application such as fatigue crack propagation and wear. The aim of this work is to study the impact of silica dispersion on viscoelastic and mechanical properties of filled elastomers. First, levers impacting silica dispersion are evaluated. Dispersion of fillers can be considered as a competition between fillers cohesion forces and applied forces to the system to break them, these parameters have been studied methodically. Finally, the impact of silica-matrix interactions is studied, changing silica surface treatments or elastomer natures. The quantity of interactions possible per polymer chain between the silica and the elastomer may play a role in silica dispersion. Secondly, the impact of silica dispersion on viscoelastic and mechanical properties is discussed. It is shown than increasing silica dispersion leads to a decrease of linear elastic modulus and an increase of reinforcement in tensile at high deformations. Finally, regarding ultimate properties, our experimental device on the selected formulations has not shown any impact of silica dispersion on fatigue crack propagation. Nevertheless, we observe a better wear resistance with increasing dispersion, despite the lower materials hardness
Abou, Taha Mohammad. "Reversible modification of the surface properties of silica incorporated in ultra high molecular weight polyethylene : application to batteries separators." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1299.
Full textNotwithstanding the growth of the market of the new lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries still offer advantages that the new ones are not able to equate especially in terms of cost, manufacturing base and the actual market need. In this context, the aim of this work is to enhance the properties of lead-acid batteries PE- separators that predominate 90% of the market of lead-acid batteries separators. These porous membranes consist mainly of precipitated silica, a backbone of ultra-high molecular weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) and they are processed using a thermally induced phase separation process (TIPS) with naphthenic oil that is subsequently extracted. The resulting porosity is thereafter infiltrated with the electrolyte of the battery. Yet, due to the limited wettability of the pores of the membrane by the polar electrolyte, only a fraction of the available porosity is efficient. This thesis focuses on the enhancement of such wettable porosity by the electrolyte in order to reduce the electrical resistivity of the separator. The wettability of the pores is not only related to the presence of silica but also to the nature of silica surface. Paradoxically, hydrophobic silica favors the blend and the dispersion of aggregates; while hydrophilic silica promotes the wettability of the porosity by the electrolyte. To fulfill these criteria and obtain a material as homogeneous as possible with maximum accessible porosity, a reversible modification of the surface of silica was realized by physical impregnation of surfactants or by chemical modification before the blending and the dispersion in the membrane. Therefore, rheological characterization of the suspensions, contact angle and sorption isotherms and other techniques were used to evaluate the change in the surface properties of the new silica. Then, these tuned silica were dispersed in membranes and the prorosity, the structure, the electrical and mechanical properties were investigated
Wang, Yanyang. "Electrostatic charges generated on aerosolisation of dispersions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396124.
Full textMajee, Arghya. "Effet thermoélectrique dans des dispersions colloïdales." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14568/document.
Full textIn this work we study the motion induced in a colloidal dispersion by thethermoelectric or Seebeck effect. As its basic principle, the ions of the electrolytesolution start moving in a temperature gradient. In general, the velocity of one iondiffers from another. As a result, one observes a charge separation and a macroscopicelectric field. This thermoelectric field, in turn, acts upon the charged colloidalparticle present in the solution. Thus thermophoresis of the particle comprises of anelectrophoretic motion in the thermoelectric or Seebeck field. As an important result,we derive how the corresponding velocity of a colloidal particle depends upon thecolloidal volume fraction or on molecular weight for polymers. In a second part, westudy the thermoelectric effect due to a hot colloidal particle where a radialtemperature gradient is produced by the particle itself. In this temperature gradientthe same Seebeck effect takes place in the electrolyte solution. We find that the hotparticle carries a significant amount of charge around it. Whereas the amount ofsurface charges present at the boundaries of the sample container in the onedimensionalcase is rather insignificant. Possible applications of this thermochargingphenomenon are also discussed
Leopoldes, Julien. "Étude des propriétés dynamiques de mélanges d'elastomère chargés en relation avec la nature des interactions polymère-charge." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066430.
Full textJenner, F. "Dynamic ultrafiltration models for charged colloidal dispersions." Thesis, Swansea University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637422.
Full textLouizi, Molka. "Formulation de mélanges de polyoléfines à l’aide d’une extrudeuse à très haute vitesse : Application à la dispersion de particules de traceurs, détectables par fluorescence X ou UV, en vue du tri de déchets polymères post-consommation." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0134.
Full textThis thesis, which is part of the ANR Eco-Tech TRIPTIC project, had the objective of contributing to industrial sorting rate of polymers containing tracers detectable by their fluorescence X or UV properties. At first, given that the cost of tracers selected for TRIPTIC study is quite high, a preliminary study is conducted with models of silica particles to optimize the dispersion of fillers in polypropylene / ethylene-propylene rubber (PP / EPR) matrix. It was found that processing under high shear rate is an effective technology for accomplishing a homogeneous dispersion of micro or nanoscale fillers. In a second step, after optimization of dispersion conditions, our results are extrapolated to the dispersion of UV tracer in different thermoplastic matrices. It was shown that the dispersion of 1000 ppm of micrometer tracer particles, in polypropylene matrices, extruded at high shear rates (N = 800 rpm), has no impact on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties as well as in the photo-degradation of the polymer after UV irradiation exposure. This fine dispersion was beneficial not only for the conservation of the properties of traced polymers but also for achieving a good dynamic detection of UV or X tracers using a prototype developed by the project partners ( Pellenc Selective Technologies , CEA- LITT and ENSAM - RPI ). Finally, high shear processing has successfully used to the compatibilization of ternary blends ( PP / EPR ) / PE (polyethylene) which may correspond to the post-consumer polymers. This technique has proved to be an effective method to produce polymer blends with unique mechanical properties. This novel strategy of compatibilization is of a particular interest, especially for industrial application prospects. It also opens new perspectives for materials lightening as well as “high shear recycling” of immiscible polymers
Bolon, Bruce T. "Space-charge waves in a raman free-electron laser /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988648.
Full textBareigts, Guillaume. "Interactions et structures dans les suspensions polydisperses de colloïdes chargés sphériques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK062/document.
Full textColloidal suspensions are found a bit everywhere around us, in construction materials,in cosmetics, in food, in biology. They are composed of nanometric or micrometric particlesdispersed in a gas, a liquid or sometimes a solid.This thesis is about colloidal suspensions in ionic solutions, where colloids bear anelectric charge, for example silica particles in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride,at a basic pH. The colloids, here approximated by spheres, can vary significantly in size,which can have an important effect on the behavior of these systems.This study aims at improving the understanding of these charged colloidal suspensionsby theoretical models solved by numerical simulations.of these charged colloidal suspensionsby theoretical models solved by numerical simulations.One of the challenge of theses simulations is the huge number of degrees of freedom.For each (micro-)ion there is hundreds of solvent molecules, and for each colloidthere is hundreds if not thousands of ions. To get away with it, we calculated theeffective interactions at the colloidal scale. We took and developed several approaches,each showing a trade-off in terms of computational time and accuracy.The size variation of colloids may introduce interesting effects, experimentallyobserved, notably the fractionation of suspensions in several crystalline phaseswhen the colloidal concentration is increased. Some simple Monte-Carlo simulationtechniques in combination with the inter-colloid interactions computed previouslyallowed us to obtain results in good agreement with experiments
Niecknig, Franz [Verfasser]. "Dispersive analysis of charmed meson decays / Franz Niecknig." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113688327/34.
Full textBourne, Sandra Elizabeth. "A study of concentrated colloidal dispersions of a small, highly charged polystyrene latex." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330077.
Full textSchuller, Anne-Sophie. "Etude du mécanisme de dispersion de charge dans une résine polyester : Synthèse de nouveaux dispersants." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MULH3188.
Full textTo increase the properties of a composite based with polymer and tiller, it is possible to modify the tiller surface to make it compatible with the polymer in which it is dispersed. The aim is to study and optimize the mechanism of organic molecules grafting on mineral fillers surface. Developed several years ago by GTI Process (Mader group), the "giral" i s a formulation that allows a good dispersion between the tiller and the polymer matrix and also an increase of the final composite material mechanical properties. "Giral" is composed of a silane, a methacrylic acid and a dispersant. However, its mechanism with a mixture based on tiller and pol yester resin has not been identified, we proposed to understand it. After identifying the interaction between the surface of silica and "giral" components, it seemed interesting to modify the dispersant. In a first part, the "giral" mechanism has been studied on silica which is a well-known tiller. Silica used has a high specific surface area. Thermogravimetric and infrared analysis have been performed on different samples (synthesized from silica modified by one or more "giral"components) to determine the adsorbed or grafted species on silica surface. NMR analyses of 13C and 29 Si solid and Inverse gas chromatography studies were also conducted. In a second part, new structures have been developed to improve the dispersant in the "giral" formulation and the formulation itself by synthesizing a single compound that includes all the features required for the dispersion of silica in polyester resin. Moreover, these new structures will help to increase the mechanical properties of the final composite material. All compounds synthesized in this work, have a polymer backbone which is polycaprolactone. The architecture, composition, size and structure of these polymers were optimized according to the tiller used. We have synthesized functionalized dispersants and studied their behavior in the application. On the other hand, only syntheses by mass, more suitable for industrial production, were selected. These polymers have been first synthesized in the laboratory and then in industry. Once the polymers synthesized several tests were done to determine their influence in the final composite material mechanical properties, the most appropriate structures to mechanical stress, and the amounts required for best results. Viscosity measurements and mechanical tests were done. These new dispersants developed have reduced the viscosity of the mixture based on polyester resin and tiller, and thus can increase the tiller rate. Furthermore, the fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy to observe cohesion between the tiller and the polymer matrix. The effectiveness of these new structures in the application are comparable or even better to the "giral" formulation
Dergham, Nora. "Mise en oeuvre de biocomposites Poly(acide lactique)/Bioverres : Relation structure/ rhéologie/procédés de mise en forme." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0086.
Full textBioactive and biodegradable composites have gained increasing importance in the orthopedic field as bone replacement materials and as scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this study, biocomposites based on poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) and bioactive glass fillers were prepared by a twin screw extrusion under Argon inert gas with various filler contents, thermal treatments and particle sizes. The processing conditions were monitored to produce composites with well controlled physico-chemical, mechanical and dispersive properties. The aim of the present work is to gain a fundamental understanding of the relationships between structure, processing conditions and final properties of these biocomposites. The dispersion state of fillers was characterized by SEM. It was highlighted that the inclusion of non treated bioglass in PDLLA under elevated temperatures resulted in a decrease of molar mass. This degradation of the matrix leads to a reduction of the viscoelastic and mechanical properties of the composites. The origin and mechanisms of this degradation were probed using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The optimization of their processing allows a better control of this drastic loss of properties. Furthermore, the demonstration had been done that the present degradation of PDLLA matrix can be attenuated using a different glass ceramics with a special size and thermally treated. The rheological behaviour in linear and non linear viscoelasticity of the controlled PDLLA/BG suspensions has been assessed in both solid and molten state. Hence, their experimental rheological behaviour was compared to the theoretical suspension models. Finally, the effects of volume fraction, particle size and thermal treatment on the mechanical properties have been also investigated and discussed. The obtained results corroborate the rheological and physic-chemical ones. Finally, the multilayer structures with various amounts and treatments of BG fillers were obtained by a designed scale lab coextrusion machines. The gradient of properties has been obtained and improved cohesion properties between the neighboring were highlighted. Their bioactivity was finally demonstrated. At last, no residual stress inside the multilayers can be observed. This observation explains the conservation of the initial shape of those implants, without nor deformation neither relaxation, during the simulation of the chirurgical implantation in SBF
Hung, Yvong. "Nanocomposites élastomère-phosphate de zirconium lamellaire : mécanismes de dispersion et mise en oeuvre." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691209.
Full textBinet, Danielle. "Quantification de la dispersion d'une charge minérale et d'un polymère extrudés par les réseaux de neurones." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21718.pdf.
Full textVincent, Frédéric. "Mécanismes de dispersion de suspensions concentrées de silices nanométriques dans un élastomère : impact de la stratégie de mélange sur l'efficacité et la cinétique de dispersion." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700743.
Full textCarli, Fernanda Pereira. "Dispersão Raman de um sistema doador-aceptor em diferentes solventes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-30112016-102531/.
Full textThe push-pulls systems are characcterized by the presence of a charge transfer electronic transition, it explain the large difference in polarity between the ground and excited states. They are promising molecular probes to obtain spectroscopic information on the condensed phase because of that characteristic. Some of these systems have vibrational modes whose frequency depends on the excitation energy in the resonant Raman spectra. The objective of this study was to analyze the vibrational frequency dependence of the molecular probe caused by environment. The 4-dimethylamino-β-nitrostyrene as a probe was sensitive to the medium showing bathochromic shift on electronic spectrum and bandwidth dependence with the solvent as well as the dependency of the nitro symmetric stretching mode in the vibrational spectrum. Based on the selective solvation state model, the laser excitation energy was varied and the dependence of the wave number of the symmetric stretching mode NO2 was observed. This dependency is, however, more significant in polar protic solvents which have the highest relaxation time values of the solvent. Some aprotic polar solvents presented that characteristic with less degree, which may be related to the relaxation time. The main factor for the occurrence of Raman scattering in push-pull solvation systems is the slower solvation dynamics and strong interaction that are capable to diminishing the energy electronic transition. The main factors for the occurrence of Raman dispersion in push-pull solvation systems are the slower solvation dynamics and strong probe/solvent interaction that are capable to diminishing the electronic transition energy.
Mauret, Evelyne. "Mesures des pertes de pression et de la dispersion axiale dans les matelas fibreux : application au lavage des pâtes écrues en lits fixes épais." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0089.
Full textDillet, Valérie. "Simulation des effets de solvant dans les calculs quantiques de structure moléculaire." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10123.
Full textPeuvrel-Disdier, Edith. "Structuration de systèmes polymères en écoulement." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443865.
Full textDelhorme, Maxime. "Thermodynamics and Structure of Plate-Like Particle Dispersions." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818964.
Full textAuscher, Marie-Camille. "Dispersion de particules de zircone dans les polyoléfines : rhéologie et application au moulage par injection céramique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1177.
Full textThis work aims to investigate the relevant mechanisms controlling the linear and non-linear flow behaviors and dispersion state of molten polymers filled with submicrometer particles. The fundamental understanding is then applied to the Ceramic Injection Molding process, during which a feedstock (i.e., a complex polymer based formulation, highly filled with ceramic particles) is injected into a mold, debinded and sintered. A first chapter presents the key features of the process, a state of the art of the understanding of the involved mechanisms and more generally the interplaying interaction forces in filled polymers. Then, the study focuses on zirconia filled polyethylene. Firstly, the role of the filler-matrix interface in the rheological and morphological properties is discussed. It is shown that they are strongly influenced by the compatibility of the filler with the matrix. An experimental method is developed to adjust the interface quality. In particular, stearic acid is determined to be the most efficient surfactant. The kinetics of particles hydrophobization induced by the esterification is analyzed. Then, the dispersion mechanisms in filled polymers are explored. For instance, it is concluded that stearic acid and the high shear extruder promote the rupture and erosion of agglomerates. Their effects on the rheological behavior (i.e., percolation threshold, yield stress and dynamic storage modulus) are discussed. Finally, the stability of filled polymers, i.e., tendency to flocculation and filler-matrix segregation, is evaluated at rest and under high shear rates. Two experimental methods are developed for this more applied study. The crucial role of the dispersion state is for instance highlighted
Neri, Quiroz José Antonio. "Développement d’un lab-on-chip pour la mesure d’acidité libre de solutions chargées en cations hydrolysables." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1247/document.
Full textA joint study between the CEA and Areva La Hague has shown that chemical analysis is a crucial parameter for achieving a better performance in present and future spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. In fact, each plant’s process monitoring and control require a significant amount of laboratory analysis leading in overall to a considerable amount of nuclear waste. Hence, reducing the sample’s required volume for analysis would reduce its toxicity and subsequent waste, therefore increasing personnel safety, decreasing the environmental impact and the plant’s operation cost. Among the process control analytical workload, the free acidity measurement has been identified as a key analysis due to its measurement frequency. For this reason, the main objective of this research has been focused in the improvement of a reference method for free acidity measurement. The following work has been divided in two main studies seeking for the reduction of the sample volume and the automation of the analytical method protocol: - Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) titration, whose application requires the employment of a device occupying a 25 L space, and which reduces 1000 fold the sample volume per analysis, 8 times the analysis time and 40 fold the amount of waste generated when compared to the reference analytical method. - Ballist-mix titration, whose analytical performance is equivalent to the SIA titration, but whose implementation is done inside a microfluidic device occupying a volume as low as 25 mL after integration of all of the elements needed for analysis. At the present time, the SIA titration has been validated using nitric acid samples containing uranyl cations, whereas the ballist-mix titration is being validated with the same sample conditions. However, this last analytical technique features a simplified operating principle which allows the user to shorten the analytical development process by opening the possibility to simulate the process before any experimentation
Kriebel, Maximilian [Verfasser], Tim [Akademischer Betreuer] Clark, Tim [Gutachter] Clark, and Rainer [Gutachter] Fink. "1. Feynman-dispersion correction 2. Charge transport via imaginary time propagation / Maximilian Kriebel ; Gutachter: Tim Clark, Rainer Fink ; Betreuer: Tim Clark." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211557510/34.
Full textHollenberg, Sebastian [Verfasser], Heinrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Päs, and Gudrun [Akademischer Betreuer] Hiller. "Ensembles, altered dispersion relations and CPT violation in neutrino oscillations and charged lepton decays / Sebastian Hollenberg. Betreuer: Heinrich Päs. Gutachter: Gudrun Hiller." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1099912652/34.
Full textLing, Xuan. "Physical characteristics of small ions and their interaction with ultrafine particles in the urban environment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46963/1/Xuan_Ling_Thesis.pdf.
Full textBär, Jaciara. "Absorção de SO2 por líquidos iônicos: efeito do ânion." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-18082016-085659/.
Full textSulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the main atmospheric pollutants and the search for systems capable of absorbing detect and/or quantify such gas has been of great interest. In this context, ionic liquids (IL) have shown potential application in capture methodologies and gas storage. In this study, our interest consists in the understanding of the main factors that govern the interactions between SO2 and diferents ions of ionic liquids. In particular, the charge transfer specific interaction was explored between anions (Lewis base) and SO2 (Lewis acid). The approach of this study was based on a systematic investigation of LI formed by 1-butyl cation, 3-methylimidazolium (BMI) and different anions, using vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and IR), especially resonance Raman spectroscopy, allied with theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The vibrational spectroscopic results (Raman and IR) showed changes in the position and shape of the band assigned to the symmetric stretching mode vs(SO2) depending on the anion and SO2 concentration in LI. There were significant shifts to lower wavenumbers with respect to pure liquid SO2 (1145 cm-1) at lower SO2 concentrations in IL. In the series of halides, Cl-, Br- and I-, the bigger the anion, the larger the displacement (1138, 1133 and 1123 cm-1, respectively at 0.5 mole fraction). In the case of thiocyanate, regarded as a pseudo-halide, the band vs(SO2) appears at about 1130 cm-1 at the same molar fraction, i.e. at an intermediate value between the Br- and I-. The observed displacement can be interpreted accordingly to the specific interaction of charge transfer from the anion to SO2. A result that is worth mentioning is the dependence of the wavenumber of the Raman band vs(SO2) with the energy of the exciting radiation, which is called Raman scattering. This phenomenon could be explained using the model of \"solvation state selective excitation\" in which was possible to characterize the diferente solvation states of the SO2 in ionic liquids
Leboeuf, Mathilde. "Influence des paramètres du procédé sur les propriétés électriques et rhéologiques des polyamides chargés de noir de carbone." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00246810.
Full textBaraglia, Federico. "Développement d'un modèle triphasique Euler/Euler/Lagrange pour la simulation numérique des écoulements liquide-gaz chargés en particules." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP017.
Full textThis manuscript sums up work carried out during a thesis at the MFEE department of EDF R&D on liquid-gas flows laden with dispersed particles under the supervision of Olivier Simonin (IMFT), Jérôme Laviéville (EDF), and Nicolas Mérigoux (EDF). The thesis aims at providing a working environment for the numerical simulation of two-phase bubbly flows, free-surface flows or in a mixed regime, loaded with particles that can interact with the fluids present in their continuous or dispersed form. These flows can be found in industrial situations such as chemical reactors, power plants, or wastewater treatment plants, as well as in natural situations such as during a flood. The developed tool allows predictions to be made about the performance of these industrial devices or the damage caused by exceptional natural events. The developments are included in the most up-to-date version of neptune_cfd, a multi-fluid solver developed by EDF, CEA, IRSN, and Framatome, based on the standard multi-fluid method that allows the simulation of multiphase flow independently of their typology.The methods implemented are based on well-known two-phase approaches. The stochastic Lagrangian particle tracking method is adapted so that each particle can interact with all the fluids. Closures are proposed to determine the impact of each phase on the behavior of the particles. To verify certain assumptions, a new closure for the Langevin equation on the fluid velocity seen by the particle is proposed. Its behavior is compared to standard models and literature on simple verification cases of homogeneous isotropic turbulence and inhomogeneous cases. The Lagrangian equations obtained are used to close an Eulerian model based on the probability density function approach. The performance of the two developed threephase models is established in terms of particle deposition driven by turbulence or gravity.A significant part of the thesis focuses on an issue that arose during preliminary checks: the phenomenon of air entrainment in plunging jets. Indeed, due to the nature of the solver, bubbles or dispersed droplets can detach from the free-surface depending on the flow conditions. The quantity of these transferred structures and their characteristic size being crucial quantities which drives their behavior, a new model had to be developed. Mass transfer between continuous structures and dispersed inclusions is ensured by the model that describes the evolution of resolved interfaces, the latter was not modified. The one regarding the size of the created bubbles/droplets is integrated into the evolution equation of the interfacial area, a quantity that allows tracking the diameter of the inclusions.All developed models are compared to experimental measurements. The air entrainment model is first tested without the presence of particles in various cases. A hydraulic jump case is also considered to establish the generality of the model. Then, the threephase models are tested in various configurations. First, configurations without air entrainment to isolate the behavior of the particles, and then with air entrainment. The different cases highlighted the importance of certain models and the differences between stochastic Lagrangian and Eulerian methods
Keita, Oumar. "Modélisation et expérimentation de l'endommagement des roches sous charge explosive: application aux mines de bauxite de Guinée." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209195.
Full textLa loi est implémentée dans le code aux éléments finis LAGAMINE pour étudier la réponse macroscopique du modèle. Plusieurs cas d'applications en dynamique ont été examinés.\\
- En 1D, les problèmes de localisation ont été étudiés dans une barre sollicitée en traction dynamique par une rampe de chargement. Selon l'amplitude de chargement, trois réponses ont été identifiées: a) comportement purement élastique pour des faibles charges, b) localisation à l'extrémité encastrée de la barre pour des chargements modérés et c) localisation à la tête de la barre pour des chargements élevés. L'influence de la taille microstrurelle sur la localisation a été examinée. Des simulations numériques de l'essai de traction dynamique par écaillage ont été éffectuées. Des essais expérimentaux de traction dynamique par écaillage ont été réalisés sur la bauxite et ont permis de valider le modèle en comparant l'analyse post mortem de l'éprouvette aux résultats des simulations numériques d'écaillage. Ces essais ont aussi permis de déterminer les caractéristiques mécaniques du matériau, la résistance mécanique en traction dynamique, l'instant de rupture et la vitesse de déformation à rupture.\\
- En 2D, des simulations numériques sont efféctuées pour reproduire le comportement d'une mine sous charge explosive. Le modèle a été capable de reproduire l'endommagement en traction sous charge explosive. L'influence des paramètres du modèle tels que: l'orientation de fissures, la taille de microstructure et la valeur initial d'endommagement sur la distribution de l'endommagement autour du trou de charge a été étudiée. Enfin, un cas d'application sur les mines de bauxite de Guinée a été étudié, incluant un calcul de l'extension de la zone endommagée ainsi qu'une prédiction numérique du niveau de vibration engendrée suite aux tirs à l'explosif. La prédiction du modèle est globalement en accord avec les résultats de la littérature.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mingant, Rémy. "Optimisation de la gestion de charge d’une nouvelle technologie d’accumulateur Li-ion pour applications renouvelables." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0110.
Full textThe PhD thesis goal is to study the needed modifications of the lead-acid battery management of photovolvaïque
Durin, Audrey. "Modélisation du mélange de polymères chargés et de la casse de fibres rigides en extrusion bivis." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00687658.
Full textCardenas, Hector. "Étude de la pénétration et de la dispersion d'un jet triphasique solide-liquide-gaz dans un lit fluidisé en vue de la combustion de mousses chargées dans des foyers sous pression." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD813.
Full textToquet, Fabien. "Study of the combined roles of the Silica/Oil/UHMWPE formulation and process parameters on morphological and electrical properties of battery Separators." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1014/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to understand the effect of the formulation and more specifically of the precipitated silica on the resistivity of the PE-separators. The PE-separators are designed for the lead-acid batteries. PE-separators are composed of precipitated silica, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) and organic oil. The first part of this work was to elaborate PE-separator models at a laboratory scale. Then, the factors impacting the structural and physico-chemicals properties of PE-separators were investigated. These factors are mainly the amounts of oil, precipitated silica, the grade of the precipitated silica, the temperature conditions of crystallization and the device used to elaborate the membrane. The influence of the amounts of oil and precipitated silica on the crystallization of the polyethylene wasthoroughly described showing that the oil helps to increase the final crystallinity of UHMWPE and that the silica plays a role of oil reservoir. Moreover, it was shown that the amount and the grade of precipitated silica have an influence on the wettable part of the porosity of the PE-separators. The coating of the pores by the precipitated silica is responsible of the wettability of the membranes by the electrolyte. Thus, an empirical parameter has been proposed in order to quantify the efficiency of the dispersion and distribution of the precipitated silica in the membrane. The more the membranes are wettable by the electrolyte the more the resistivity of the membranes is decreased. To finish, for a same amount of components and a same method of processing, it is possible to discriminate the efficiency of each grade of precipitated silica for the battery separator application