Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Disparité entre les sexes'
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Puech, Isabelle. "Dérégulation du temps de travail et recompositions du marché du travail : inégalités entre les sexes, disparités entre femmes : trois figures du salariat féminin du secteur tertiaire." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082549.
Full textLongpré, Verret Léamaude. "L'écart salarial entre les hommes et les femmes immigrants qualifiés au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25731.
Full textMoulin, Stéphane. "Réexamen des inégalités entre hommes et femmes sur le marché du travail : des philosophies politiques aux évaluations empiriques." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00095542.
Full textNous soutenons qu'il n'est pas possible de donner une définition non ambiguë de la discrimination sur le marché du travail sans rentrer dans des questions de philosophie politique de la justice. Chaque philosophie politique implique une conception différente de la discrimination et impose des contraintes sur la méthodologie empirique de mesure des inégalités. Une conception pluraliste de la discrimination conduit ainsi à critiquer la conception consensuelle de l'égalité des chances, la théorie marginale de la juste distribution ainsi que la « bonne » pratique de mesure de la discrimination.
Nous présentons d'abord une grille d'analyse pluraliste de la discrimination entre les sexes articulant philosophies politiques de la justice sexuée, théories économiques de la discrimination, et méthodologies statistiques de mesure de l'inégalité de traitement sur le marché du travail. Nous proposons ensuite des mesures économétriques des barrières discriminatoires à l'accès à l'emploi, au temps plein et aux responsabilités hiérarchiques. Ces mesures nous permettent enfin de revenir sur l'identification et l'évaluation de la ségrégation verticale, de la discrimination salariale, et de la discrimination positive dans les politiques de l'emploi.
Radulovic, Vesna. "Biogenèse des rapports sociaux entre les sexes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0004/MQ31785.pdf.
Full textBailly, Sophie. "La différenciation sexuelle dans la conversation : étude descriptive et interprétative des modalités, des thèmes et des représentations, à partir d'entretiens et d'enquêtes." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H075.
Full textAlthough they speak the same language, men and women who belong to the same speech community seem to differ in their speech behaviour. The choice of conversational topics and strategies depends on the sex of the speaker and of the hearer. Socio-cultural representations of the conversational behaviour of men and women also correlate with gender
Viguier, Bénédicte. "Disparité morphologique crânienne et mandibulaire des primates malgaches : compromis entre adaptations et contraintes du développement." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS064.
Full textThe Malagasy primates have a high taxonomic diversity associated with a high level of ecologic and phenotypic diversity that is characteristic of an adaptive radiation. The phylogenetic signal is overwhelmed by a high level of homoplasy that obscures the phylogenetic relationships among the group. Some homoplasic traits are analyzed through the description and the interpretation of the morphological disparity (geometric morphometrics) in order to improve our understanding of the radiation. Influences of biogeography, diet, activity rhythm, age, and size are successively tested in small samples and then at the level of the Lemuriformes. The results of this doctoral thesis show the high determinism of functional specializations and developmental constraints on the morphology, regardless of the phylogeny. The comparison of data from diversity and disparity proves that the selectivity of the holocene extinction applied to size, but not to functional specializations linked with adaptations
Pechriggl, Alice. "Corps transfigurés : stratifications de l'imaginaire des sexes-genres /." Paris : Budapest [etc.] : Montréal (Québec) ; l'Harmattan, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37225145j.
Full textPechriggl, Alice. "Corps transfigurés : stratifications de l'imaginaire des sexes/genres." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0135.
Full textThe present thesis works out the passage from somatic sex difference to gender relationships. This passage is treated in terms of a transfiguration of psyche/soma into social significations and bodies. The central subjects of the investigation are psyche/soma, the process of identification of social individuals, sexuality between eros and biology, and the question of origin (from a philosophical as well as from an anthropological and psychoanalytical point of view). The stratifications of social imaginary are examined according to different modes of being. They reach from the physical/material, over the psychical and actual imaginary, to transcendent imaginary with its reifying effects, given the hypostasis inherent to that kind of imaginary, particularly in the case of +screen-imaginary of feminity;. It is a screen-imaginary in a double sense: as an obstacle (for the access of women in those social and political spheres occupied by this imaginary) as well as a plane of projection (for men projecting their feminine complement which can be mastered more easily in this homogenous form than in the presence of real women). The figuration of imaginary is also strongly marked by an asymmetry consisting in masculine hegemony of explicit figuration of society, its actual central imaginary. The stratifications of gender imaginary in the domain of philosophy (in particular plato, aristotle, levinas and the dialectics of history) is the focal theme of the second part. This part ends on the non-relevance of gender as a category of philosophy strictu sensu, i. E. As a category of universal ontology. The relevance of gender begins only at the point where philosophy depasses itself to reach into anthropology and the thinking of the social as domains sui generis of being. The third and last part is treating the gender related stratifications of civic and political imaginary (antiquity - modem times) and the segragating structures forged by this stratifications
Vaillancourt, Joanie. "Les différences entre les sexes en production écrite à 15 ans." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27809.
Full textBaudino, Claudie. "Politique de la langue et différence sexuelle." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090032.
Full textSineau, Mariette. "La politique : un enjeu majeur dans les rapports de pouvoir entre sexes." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0004.
Full textNawaz, Shamaila. "Sex and the city : gender gaps in labor markets and economic geography." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1074.
Full textThis dissertation explores the geographical dimension of the gender gaps in the labor market. The investigated issues include the variation of urban wage premium across genders (chapter two), exploration of different mechanisms behind stronger location effects for females' labor market gains (chapter three), and the gender gap in the urban returns to experience (chapter four). The second chapter undertakes a cross-sectional analysis by using French data to estimate the urban wage premium and its variation across genders. The findings confirm the existence of an urban wage premium that is significantly higher for women. A twofold increase in employment density of an area results in a 2.4 percent reduction in the gender wage gap, which increases to 4 percent when we exclude manual workers occupational category. Contrary to the rest of the occupations, the density effect favors men in the manual workers category. The third chapter seeks to find the mechanisms behind the stronger location effects on labor market gains for women by employing the within estimate approach. Results suggest that half of the urban wage premium is contributed by the sorting of workers according to skill type across different areas. However, in addition to skill sorting other individual heterogeneities also contribute to the excess urban wage premium for females. Firm level agglomeration effects attribute a minor part to the excess urban wage premium for females. The left over premium is a result of pure urban effects (lower discrimination, better matching, urban amenities)
Krier, Isabelle. "Différence des sexes et scepticisme chez Montaigne." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1016.
Full textThis study is indebted to recent works about gender, object of thought which is still not well-known in France. Why Montaigne ? Is his discourse on women a simple reflexion on the mentalities of the Renaissance or does it constitute an heterodoxy ? The difference of sexes acquires in the Essays a singular philosophical content. This originality cannot be understood if a deep link between these themes and modern scepticism is not taken into account. Montaigne approaches this problem as a part of the criticism of power. He questions the preconceived ideas. He writes a satire of the traditional authoritarian family. The change is considerable. It consists mainly on defending the freedom of the subject. For the sceptic, imagination plays a considerable role, in the light of the appartenance to a gender. Denouncing the power of scholars, Montaigne offers a new pedagogy which does not exclude females. The criticism of despotism leads to an economy of transmission and sharing. The Inquisition trials against the witches show abuses of reason and of politics. Montaigne opposes to them clemency. Generosity characterizes the sceptical ethics. It has the effect of liberating the marriage of hypocritical conventions. It is found in erotics as a form of respect of alterity. Are we capable today of hearing this urge to freedom without reducing it ?
Sharma, Ashish. "Gender specific modulation of metoprolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/20990/20990.pdf.
Full textCONCHONNET, PHILIPPE. "Arteriopathies de la femme : a propos d'une etude prospective comparative entre les sexes." Saint-Etienne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STET6401.
Full textTeherani, Mardjane. "Étude comparative de la symptomatologie dépressive chez l'homme et chez la femme en population générale." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H065.
Full textSuant, Marie-Claude. "Masculinité et féminité chez l'enfant à la phase de latence." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H016.
Full textTacking as a point a departure the books from the collection published under the name "du cote des petites filles" by "des femmes" (a publishing firm set up by militants from the "politique et psychanalyse" group, the french equivalent of women's lib movement), our research attemps to highlight the content of the militant message given to children, and the understanding that girls and boys have of it at the end of their latency period. The study is based upon two samples of 10 girls and 10 boys in the 9-11 age bracket attending the "ecole nouvelle d'antony" (a new primary situated in antony in the southern suburds of paris), where no distinction is made when it comes to education an pdagogy. The second sample is twice as large ; but again contains an equal number of boys and girls -20 of each- but this time attending a state primary school in the 13th distinct in paris. Three of the best-known books from the collection were shown to the children fromboth groups in individual one-hour sessions. When analysed, the reponses by the two groups of children showed no differences in their attitudes towards the stereotyped view of masculinity, feminity and social roles; this observation did not differ between the child'sex or educational environment. This attitude towards the stereotype among children in their latency period was related to the process of the elaboration of their sexual identity, as described by psychoanalytical theory, as well as the way the male and female are represented. The importance of the stereotype during a
Almeida, Maria Isabel Mendes de. "Masculino/feminino : tensão insolúvel : sociedade brasileira e organização da subjetividade /." Rio de Janeiro : Rocco, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37316724f.
Full textBibliogr. p. [145]-148.
Ben, Ghacham Houda. "Ecritures féminines de la guerre : un état des rapports de pouvoir entre les sexes." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080027/document.
Full textWar is in essence a masculine activity. Women were not allowed to use weapons and to make war in early human communities. Historically speaking, women had never been required to take part in collective violence to defend their group interests. These historical and anthropological data have led us to raise the issue of the writing of women about extreme violence, with the Lebanon war as a case in point, through a corpus of three women's novels.By relating the late advent of the writing of women and the historical discrimination of women in the Arab world, we have been able to consider the writing of women within the power relationships opposing both sexes. This has allowed us to question the state of those power relationships in women's writing about an activity which is out of reach of women and at the same time concerns society as a whole.War in women's writing is considered, reported and staged according to common main lines: the all-importance of space as it has been reconstructed by the conflict as such, being fully in control by armed confrontations; time is subservient to divided up space; men/women relationships characterized by symptoms of discord, disunion and separation brought about by the civil war. The rejection of the armed conflict and the radical criticism of the resistance of authoritarian and unfair social structures to the modern dynamics of female and human emancipation bring together the works under study in spite of the different aesthetical choices opposing them. A new feminine self materializes, liberated from the sacrificial burden of the traditional social contract
Setzwein, Monika. "Ernährung - Körper - Geschlecht : zur sozialen Konstruktion von Geschlecht im kulinarischen Kontext /." Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/390422649.pdf.
Full textVeyre-Goulet, Sophie. "Étude céphalométrique du dimorphisme sexuel de l'homme moderne." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO1Z249.
Full textLa 4e de couverture indique : "In 1996, a team from Taiwan refined the methods enabling the sex of an individual to be determined using cephalometric plots made from lateral teleradiography. The aim of our study was to validate their work using a dry skull of an European population. . 18 cephalometric variables were measured on lateral teleradiography manually and with an orthodontic software. Using the discriminant analysis, sex was determined with 82% and 95. 6% of accuracy, respectively. A subset of 8 variables was selected and could predict sex with the same accuracy. In conclusion, this method is reliable, simple, and directly applicable in anthropology, human palaeontology and forensic sciences"
Niedzwiecki, Patricia. "Phénoménologie du langage des femmes : psychologie et philologie du discours : de la dépréciation du "langage des femmes" à sa revalorisation." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070089.
Full textHervault, Maxime. "Les différences liées au sexe dans la physiopathologie de la sténose valvulaire aortique : impact du phénotype valvulaire, de l’âge, et des hormones sexuelles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67785.
Full textAortic valve stenosis (AS) is a degenerative pathology of the aortic valve that affects 2 to 4% of the population over 65 years of age, and 4,6% of people over 75 years of age. This pathology results in a thickening and stiffening of the aortic valve leaflets, leading to an impaired opening, and closing of the valve. The risk factors for developing AS are bicuspid valve (a congenital anomaly affecting 1 to 2% of the general population), age, dyslipidemia, and male sex. The mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of AS are relatively well known. Mechanisms involved in inflammation, fibrosis, calcification, survival, and cell proliferation are found. However, despite an important bibliography on the pathophysiology of AS, very little research has been done on the impact of sex and sex hormones on the progression of AS. It has recently been shown that for the same hemodynamic severity of AS, men have a higher degree of calcification and a lower proportion of fibrosis of their valve than women. Thus, the objective of this master is to study the impact of sex, valve phenotype and age on the degree of calcification and valve remodelling in human patients for whom we had their clinical characteristics as well as CTscan data and explanted valves. Results obtained shown that women, regardless of valve phenotype or age, will have a lower degree of valve calcification and a greater fibrotic remodelling of their valves than men. In addition, in bicuspid patients, young women have a less calcified aortic valve compared to older women.
Durand-Delvigne, Annick. "Identité et modèles sexués des personnes : contribution aux recherches sur la dynamique relationnelle de l'identité et du genre." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H087.
Full textWith the research presented in this thesis, we are attemping to contribute to the analysis of the influence gender has on the identity of a person. This research was carried out with reference to several conceptual frameworks of social psychology presented in a journal. The question was tackled in two ways. Nomothetic and reactive research which used Bem B. S. R. I. Under three conditions (representation of self, representation of others, social desirability of personality tr regards gender) was conducted with subjects sampled according to gender, age, professional status and employment categor the aim of the research is: 1 - on the one hand to assess the role of gender in the representation of self, 2 - on the other hand to test a causal model involving the representation of self, the representation of others and gender related stereotypes. An idiographic research which uses Zavalloni's I. M. I. S. Conducted with 10 and 12 years old children in a comparative and longitudinal implementation is aimed at assessing the effect that gender socioeconomic background and school education have on the development of identity in children, and particularly the influence of gende groups in this. The results we obtained reveal that the relationship between gender and identity is dependent on the soc asymetric relationship of gender groups. Gender is not the socio-cognitive result of belonging to one sex. It is part of model of the person where masculinity is a decisive factor. Different research projects, conducted with adults or childr nomothetic or idiographic perspective tend to prove that gender itself being activated or the gender group itself coming into play in the representation of self go hand in hand with a low social status in a contextual or a symbolic system of relationship. These research projects therefore emphasize the ideological function of identity and its dependence on pow relationships
Gosselin, Lucie. "Intersexualité : des sexes en question dans les sociétés occidentales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28916/28916.pdf.
Full textDavid, Ronan. "De la différenciation des sexes ou le conformisme à l'époque de la rationalité instrumentale." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN1624.
Full textGodard, Ornella. "Reconnaissance des visages, asymétrie hémisphérique et différences hommes / femmes." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H107.
Full textOur researches aim at having a better understanding of sex-related hemispherical differences during facial information processing. Five behavioral and one electrophysiological studies, using ERPs, have been conducted with a total of 132 women and 125 men. Results of three experiments show that men and women process differently facial information. Contrary to men, women are not influenced by emotional expression to process facial identity. Women are also faster than men to detect a subtle modification relative to an invariant distance in a face, consisted of increasing the inter-ocular distance. These results suggest that women might have better abilities to extract invariant facial traits compared to men which could explain, in part, their advantage in several tasks of face recognition. In addition, a strong hemispheric lateralization was found, at both behavioral and electrophysiological levels, in men, whereas, women presented a bilateral cerebral functioning. In men, a left visual field superiority and a larger N170 over the right hemisphere compared to the left have been shown. This hemispheric asymmetry was coupled with an asymmetric interhemispheric transmission times with faster transfer from the non specialized hemisphere to the specialized one than the reverse direction. In women, the bilateral functioning was coupled with symmetric interhemispheric transmission times and equivalent N170 amplitude over both hemispheres. Moreover, peak latencies of the P100, N170 and N250 were earlier in women than in men, without sex differences at a behavioral response times. We propose the "serial-parallel" model to give an account of the organization of the sequence of different stages involved in face recognition for both men and women
Leblanc, Vicky. "Adoption de l'alimentation méditerranéenne basée sur la théorie de l'autodétermination : différences entre les hommes et les femmes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26266.
Full textL’alimentation méditerranéenne est reconnue comme un modèle de saine alimentation et ses bienfaits sur la santé cardiovasculaire sont bien documentés. Puisque des différences entre les hommes et les femmes ont été rapportées quant aux habitudes alimentaires et à la modification de celles-ci en réponse à des interventions, on peut se questionner à savoir si les hommes et les femmes peuvent retirer les mêmes bénéfices en adoptant cette alimentation. D’autre part, la motivation constitue un facteur déterminant dans les changements alimentaires et des évidences suggèrent que la motivation autodéterminée est associée à l’adoption et au maintien de comportements alimentaires sains. Peu d’études ont cependant évalué l’importance de la qualité de la motivation impliquée dans les changements alimentaires, et aucune ne semble avoir considéré les différences potentielles entre les hommes et les femmes. L’étude présentée dans cette thèse visait à déterminer l’influence du genre dans l’adoption d’une alimentation de type méditerranéen en réponse à un programme d’éducation en nutrition basé sur une approche motivationnelle auprès d’individus présentant certains facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire. Afin de rencontrer cet objectif, 64 hommes et 59 femmes préménopausées ont participé à un programme d’éducation en nutrition de 12 semaines basé sur l’approche de l’entretien motivationnel. L’intervention nutritionnelle visait à promouvoir la motivation autodéterminée, plus particulièrement en soutenant la satisfaction des besoins d’autonomie, de compétence et du sentiment d’attachement des individus dans la détermination d’objectifs alimentaires et de stratégies favorables à adopter. L’intervention comportait trois rencontres de groupe, trois rencontres individuelles et quatre suivis téléphoniques avec une nutritionniste. Une amélioration similaire de l’adhésion à l’alimentation méditerranéenne a été observée chez les hommes et les femmes en réponse à l’intervention, mais avec des changements plus prononcés de certaines composantes alimentaires chez les hommes. Une augmentation de la motivation autodéterminée était associée à une amélioration de l’adhésion à l’alimentation méditerranéenne chez les hommes seulement. Des changements métaboliques plus prononcés ont été observés chez les hommes. En conclusion, nos résultats indiquent que le programme d’éducation en nutrition basé sur une approche motivationnelle a contribué à l’amélioration des apports alimentaires et à la diminution de facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire, plus particulièrement chez les hommes.
The Mediterranean diet is now recognized as one of the best models of food patterns and its cardioprotective effects are well established in the literature. As evidence suggests differences between men and women in eating habits and in dietary changes in response to interventions, it can be questioned whether men and women could get the same health benefits from the adoption of the Mediterranean diet. It has also been suggested that motivation is an important factor in the context of dietary changes and some studies indicate that self-determined motivation toward eating is associated with the adoption of healthy dietary behaviors and long-term adherence to those changes. However, few studies assessed the importance of quality in motivational factors related to dietary changes, and to our knowledge, none has considered potential differences between men and women. This study aimed at assessing the impact of gender in the adoption of a Mediterranean diet in response to a nutritional education program based on a motivational approach, in men and women presenting risk factors for cardiovascular disease. To meet this objective, 64 men and 59 premenopausal women were recruited into our 12-week nutritional education program based on the motivational interviewing approach. The nutritional intervention aimed at promoting self-determined motivation, more precisely in a context that fosters satisfaction of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the determination of dietary changes and potential strategies. The nutritional intervention included three group sessions, three individual sessions and four follow-up telephone calls with a registered dietitian. Both men and women increased their adherence to the Mediterranean diet in response to the nutritional intervention, although men showed more pronounced changes in some specific food groups. A positive association between increases in self-determined motivation and increases in the adherence to the Mediterranean diet was observed in men only. Men also showed more pronounced changes in metabolic variables. In conclusion, our results indicate that the nutritional intervention program based on a motivational approach led to improvement in dietary intakes and to decreases in cardiovascular risk factors, more particularly in men.
Fraisse, Geneviève. "La difference des sexes recherches sur une forme de la connaissance." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0110.
Full textThe notion of sexual difference does not belong to an already constituted field of research. In philosophy, it is not recognized as a philosophical object. In the last twenty years, my research's main objective has been the production of the epistemological conditions necessary for the constitution of such a field. Through the history of modern and contemporary feminist thought i have tried to answer questions of definition: the definitions of women's reason, of modern citizenship, of political emancipation. Dealing with the history of thought requires a genealogical reading of modernity: my purpose was to understand how women have been excluded from the res publica in the wake of the french revolution, and then how they have been at the same time included and discriminated against. My reading of modernity clearly shows how difficult it is to give a content to the notion of "equality" of the sexes. My analysis of modernity also allows and calls for an attentive reading of the major philosophers. Such a reading shows how the difference of the sexes intervenes in the very process of philosophical thought: the "women's question" raises interesting stakes for philosophers, while the difference of the sexes appears as an important operator in the dynamic process of the end of metaphysics. Thinking through the difference of the sexes thus becomes a philosophical objective. Western philosophical tradition both shows how eros and love have been used as a way to think about the sexes and, consequently, how philosophy has envisaged the place of sexual difference in its own history. In fact, the difference of the sexes intervenes in two ways in philosophical thought: first as a primal difference through which humanity thinks about itself, and second as a means of exchange within thought itself. For philosophers, sexual difference is thus not an object of thought but rather an origin and a means through which thought is produced
Denzler, Romain. "Les stéréotypes de sexe dans le sport." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H097.
Full textSport, created in the image of man, ostentatiously extols the masculine model and stigmatizes. With the exception of those disciplines measured by a points system, the traditional characteristics of feminity. So it is that measurement of physical ability and control of "contre-communication motrice" are the essential components of almost all sporting disciplines. Rooted in the heart of their internal logic, institutionalized, competitive and motor forms ensure the durability of subjective male domination. So, with the exception of several rare disciplines, sport is one of those activities, which according to Elisabeth Badinter, can give man pride in his virility. The joint action of a rural exodus, medical progress and other gains (vote, equal employment) has seen women thrown themselves "bodily" into an unprecedented process of emancipation and make a spectacular entrance into the sporting arena. Over the last ten or so olympiads, several women have been making unsound many feminine stereotypes by displaving characteristics both behavioral (pride, fighting spirit, courage) and physical (endurance, resistance) which until non only men could take pride in showing in public. Conversely, others continue to confine their feminine identity to trational plans through activities which underline feminine attributes (G. R. S. , synchronised swimming). The antinomical nature of this double positioning does not fait to surprise. On fact, while the first of these configurations augurs a change in the sexualisation of sport, and consequently in the roles and statuses assigned to each sex, the second foreshadows a move away from sport to an entertainment which demands "le temps de la difference"
Touraille, Priscille. "Dimorphismes sexuels de taille corporelle : des adaptations meurtrières? : les modèles de la biologie évolutive et les silences de l'écologie comportementale humaine." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0199.
Full textA difference in mean body size between men and women is present in the human species as in others numerous mammals. The critical and detailed study of the hypothesis given by evolutionary biology to explain what may have favored males of greatest size on one part, or femals of smallest size on the other part show the weaknesse of classical thinking about this issue for the human species. Associating genetical, ecological, paleontological, nutritional and social considerations, among others, it is concluded that selections that play in a social context in which the inequal access for food under gender systems for femals could be one of the primilarly selective pressure in terms of genetical evolution. This work shows that the result is harmful to the human species, sweeping away the adaptationist hypothesis that are apllied to culture
Lesourd, Xavier-Serge. "De l'autre maternel à la construction du féminin : le dévoilement adolescent." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA131019.
Full textLangen, Annemarie van. "Unequal participation in mathematics and science education /." Nijmegen : ITS, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401256734.
Full textLang, Miriam. "Gewalt und Geschlecht in Mexiko : Strategien zur Bekämpfung von Gewalt gegen Frauen im Modernisierungsprozess /." Münster : Lit, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40141204n.
Full textJönsson, Maren. ""Ob ich ein ritter waere" : Genderentwürfe und genderrelatierte Erzählstrategien im Nibelungenlied /." Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40193618z.
Full textCransac, Nathalie. "Déterminismes de la ségrégation entre les sexes chez le Mouflon (Ovis gmelini) : rôle des caractéristiques de l'habitat." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30051.
Full textGénuit, Philippe. "La criminalité féminine : une criminalité épicène et insolite : réflexions d'épistémologie et d'anthropobiologie clinique." Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198603/fr/.
Full textFemale criminality is questioned in this thesis under the angle of clinical epistemology. The clinical reference of epistemology is here that of the theory of the mediation initiated by Jean Gagnepain. This thesis considers female criminality by putting in prospect biology, psychopathology and sociology. Initially the specificity of female in the sexuation and sexuality is considered, then in the crime. The thesis is that the kinds female and male are structurally epicenes, and that the biological sexual difference is reintroduced conjoncturalement in the policy. The policy in the majority of the countries and civilizations except old Egypt and the Scandinavian countries, always registered the woman in situation of undervalued and strange, even of anybody incomplete. The construction of knowing about the female armature to analyze the anthropological conditions of the development. A census of the methods of construction of female in antiquity follows, through the myths and the social condition of the woman. This prospect allows a comparison of the determination of female, as weIl as masculine, and beyond the mythical and scientific modes of the anthropological determination. The second part proposes an analysis located in the institution al fascinating one charges the criminal woman of it. Institutional that Jean Gagnepain names modular capacity, gathering the didactic one, the therapeutic one and the legal one. The third and last part is devoted to the clinical illustrations of the assumptions
Goulet, Marie-Christine, and Marie-Christine Goulet. "La compulsion sexuelle chez des adultes agressés sexuellement en enfance : variations selon l'orientation sexuelle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38694.
Full textL’agression sexuelle en enfance (ASE) entraîne d’importantes répercussions négatives dans plusieurs sphères de la vie des victimes à l’âge adulte, y compris en matière de sexualité. Encore très peu de chercheurs ont examiné les variations de ces répercussions sexuelles en fonction de l’orientation sexuelle des victimes. Cette étude vise donc à mieux cerner la prévalence de l’ASE et l’une de ses conséquences, soit la compulsion sexuelle, chez des individus de différentes orientations sexuelles. L’échantillon comprend 2010 participants qui ont été recrutés dans la population générale et la communauté universitaire. Ces participants ont répondu à des questionnaires en ligne portant sur l’ASE et sur la compulsion sexuelle. Un test d’indépendance du khi carré, des corrélations de Pearson et une régression linéaire multiple incluant un terme d’interaction qui évalue si l’orientation sexuelle des participants modère la relation entre l’ASE et la compulsion sexuelle ont alors été effectués. Les résultats indiquent que la prévalence de l’ASE est significativement plus élevée chez les personnes bisexuelles comparativement aux personnes hétérosexuelles et que des scores supérieurs de compulsion sexuelle à l’âge adulte sont retrouvés chez les individus suite à une ASE, et ce, indépendamment de leur orientation sexuelle. Des scores plus élevés de compulsion sexuelle sont également présents chez les individus bisexuels comparativement aux personnes hétérosexuelles, et ce, indépendamment de l’ASE. Ainsi, ces résultats mettent en relief le rôle primordial de ce traumatisme sur l’apparition de certaines séquelles sexuelles chez les victimes à l’âge adulte. Ils permettent également de soulever l’importance du processus d’évaluation dans le traitement des problématiques d’ordre sexuel et de la pertinence de tenir compte de l’orientation sexuelle des individus ainsi que des problématiques et des besoins particuliers qui y sont associés, et ce, tant au plan clinique que de la recherche.
Balondji, Steeve. "Du mariage aux cohabitations sans mariage : dynamique d’un rapport nouveau à l’institution matrimoniale, aux rôles familiaux entre générations et entre sexes au Gabon." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0536.
Full textThis thesis is a reflection on the cohabitations outside marriage in Gabnon. It analyzes the changes in the process of marital union, in sexuality, in the family solidarity necessary to the constitution of the dowry or marital deal of a close relative who wishes to get married, in family roles with regard to sex and generations. Our conclusions show that marriage no longer constitutes the family basis and unions outside marriage also known as cohabitation have become the first stage leading to the union. With regard to the new forms of conjugality and to the aspiration of the couples, we notice that rules and forms of "traditional" matrimoniality reconstitute with the current transformations. The current process of social individualization reflects a changing society whose mechanisms are fueled by "traditional" as well as "modern" considerations. The Gabonese modernity is based on various cultures stemming from ethnic mix and from social models coming from outside
Dionne, Émilie. "Analyse de genre de l'expérience de la bonne santé mentale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27186/27186.pdf.
Full textGuertin, Jakie. "Impact de la lipoprotéine(a) sur les maladies cardiovasculaires en fonction du sexe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67773.
Full textCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally. CVD represents an important burden in women because clinical manifestations, mechanisms and risk factors for CVD may be different from those of men. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), similar to low density lipoprotein (LDL), is one of the genetic risk factors associated with CVD. Unfortunately, sex-specific studies of the impact of Lp(a) impact on CVD sex-specific are rare. Our hypotheses were that genetically elevated Lp(a) levels and plasma Lp(a) levels are associated with aortic stenosis (AS), ischemic stroke (IS) and coronary heart disease (CAD) in men and women, and the association between genetically-elevated Lp(a) plasma levels and each disease was independent of LDL plasma levels in men and women. Our results suggest that the association between Lp(a) plasma levels and the risk of AS and CAD in men and women separately, but not for IS. The results of the association between genetically-elevated Lp(a) plasma levels and the risk of these three diseases point in the same direction as the results of observational analyzes. Finally, we determined that there is a causal effect relationship between elevated concentration of Lp(a) and the risk of AS in women and AS and CAD in men regardless of LDL plasma levels. Together these results suggest that there is a causal relationship between high Lp(a) plasma levels and the risk of AS and CAD for men and women. Our study shows that Lp(a)-lowering therapy could be useful in reducing CVD risk in both men and women with high Lp(a) levels.
Föllinger, Sabine. "Differenz und Gleichheit : das Geschlechtsverhältnis in der Sicht griechischer Philosophen des 4. bis 1. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb361694702.
Full textTouraille, Priscille Pestre Dominique. "Hommes grands, femmes petites : une évolution coûteuse : les régimes de genre comme force sélective de l'adaptation biologique /." [Paris] : Éd. de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41412808z.
Full textZiamou, Theodora. "Le symbolisme social du genre : les représentations des sexes dans les messages publicitaires." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070018.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to examine gender, as a social concept, and its representations in the media of western societies, especially in tv advertisements. The first part is a theoretical approch of the concept of gender. We first examine the biological and social theories linked to gender, as well as the feminists' response to sexist portrayals -male and female- in the media. We point out the differences between male and female behaviour during various types of social interaction, in public and private places. We consider the male condition nowdays, as well as its evolution since the 18th century. The role of the 'father' is analysed extensively, given its continuously increasing importance. We discuss about the future of the sociology of masculinity as well as some perspectives in the 'men studies' area. We also present and analyse various feminist 'typologies'. We propose an analysis of the 'stereotype' concept and the way it has been used in the media representation of gender. Next, we review a series of articles and books extracts dealing with male and female images in advertising from the 70's till now. We also examine gender portrayals in media other than advertising. The audience perception of gender stereotypes along with its reaction to sexism in the media is also analysed. The theoretical part ends with erving goffman's! Exceptional work on symbolic gender interactions. The second part of this thesis presents our empirical work. Specifically, this part deals with gender stereotypes in advertisements shown in french television during march and april 1995. We examine a series of variables in relation with the gender of the central caracter of each ad, to investigate the way gender influences men's and women's representation in french tv ads
Loaiza, Mejia Maria Fernanda. "Etude sur le phallocentrisme chez Jacques Lacan entre les années 1950 et 1963." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070101.
Full textMespoulet, Valérie. "Femmes et espace social : un état de la question à Taïwan : des structures sociales traditionnelles aux changements récents : quelle appropriation légitime de cet espace par les Taïwanaises contemporaines ?" Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10007.
Full textBoussedra, Saliha. "La question de la prostitution à la lumière du Lumpenproletariat et des rapports entre les sexes chez Marx." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAC024.
Full textThis dissertation studies, in the framework of an exegesis of the texts of Marx between 1844 and 1867, the way in which the former conceived of prostitution and of the relations between the sexes. Prostitution is presented in two ways: it is associated with marriage and private family property and it designates a social activity, as such. To shed light on Marx's report to these questions, it is necessary to review his conception of the proletariat and social classes. An analysis of Marx's texts shows that this begins in 1845, when Marx conceived of his own conception of social class. He proposed, on the one hand, the concept of Lumpenproletariat and, on the other hand, the concept of private family property. The social activity of prostitution is thus definitely included in the Lumpenproletariat; further, the association between marriage and prostitution is only valid for the bourgeoisie, as the working class family had been dissolved. Marx's theoretical evolution led him to reintroduce the concept of the family for the working class, a concept that would enable him in Book I of Capital to envisage relations between the sexes in a contradictory manner within the working class. The relationship between the sexes, first considered from both a generic point of view and from the point of view of private family ownership, will lead Marx to highlight the process of individualization of the "members" of the working class family after the entry of women and children into the social world of work. This work is part of the history of philosophy, so the ambition of this dissertation is to read internally the work of Marx that highlights its position on prostitution and gender relations; it also aims to to open a dialogue between the currents of Marxism and gender studies in an interdisciplinary perspective
Bérubé, Audrey-Jade. "La sélection d'habitat dépendante de la densité varie entre les mâles et les femelles chez l’éléphant d’Afrique (Loxodonta africana)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67948.
Full textThe increase in anthropogenic activities has negative effects on the conservation of large mammals and their environment in protected areas, and the management of large herbivores in small reserves is particularly challenging. Indeed, the reduction of humananimal conflicts in reserves often generally results in the increase of large herbivore populations, with significant impacts on habitat quality and those impacts are generally exacerbated in small and confined reserves. Habitat selection is recognized as a complex process involving a response to multiple environmental features that can vary between sexes and with population density. Yet there is still limited empirical evidence of males and females displaying different patterns of density-dependent habitat selection. My project demonstrates that the spatial response of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) to human-related habitat features varied with population size, and that density-dependent adjustments differed between sexes and seasons. Habitat selection analysis was based on an 11-year monitoring of GPS-collared elephants in Ithala Game reserve, South Africa. Globally, Ithala elephants selected areas with abundant woody vegetation and close to water and tended to avoid areas with steep slopes. Our analyses also revealed that, without discriminating between sexes and accounting for conspecific density, the conclusion would have been simply that elephants typically select human-related habitat features. We show, however, that males had a stronger selection for both infrastructures and areas close to roads and fences compared to females which avoided infrastructures all year long and areas close to fences in the wet season. With an increase in population density, males also increased more strongly than females their selection of these three human-related habitat features. My study demonstrates that females and males differ in their habitat selection, a trend that could be exacerbate by an increase in population density. Therefore, considering variations in habitat selection between sexes and with conspecific density can help prevent faulty conclusions on the interaction between an animal and its environment, and help develop more effective management tools, for example relocation of certain males whose habitat selection might increase human-wildlife conflicts.
Tremblay-Breault, Martin. "Portrait évolutif et comparatif de la mobilité quotidienne des hommes et des femmes de la région urbaine de Québec : des changements entre 1996 et 2006?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30189/30189.pdf.
Full textGirbau-Julien, Caroline. "Le traité de libre-échange entre le Canada, les Etats-Unis et le Mexique : neutralité, compementarité ou disparité par rapport au traité C. E. E." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA01A066.
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