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Journal articles on the topic 'Disorganisation'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Korniszewski, L., A. Skorka, and D. Donnai. "Disorganisation." Clinical Dysmorphology 8, no. 4 (October 1999): 277???282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019605-199910000-00008.

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2

Looi, Jeffrey CL, and Stephen R. Kisely. "Potemkin redux: the re-disorganisation of public mental health services in Australia." Australasian Psychiatry 27, no. 6 (May 20, 2019): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219848839.

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Objectives: This paper discusses the phenomenon of re-disorganisation as it applies to publicly-funded mental health services. The term refers to the constant reorganisation of services in the absence of evidence and of unclear benefit. We illustrate the problems of re-disorganisation with some hypothetical examples, as well as discussing the context of these problems. Conclusions: The re-disorganisation of public mental health services may be considered a politically expedient administrative response resulting in the illusion of activity and progress. It may be intentional or unintentional. Re-disorganisation can detract from effective policy, planning and implementation of improvements in provision of public mental health services.
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3

Moritz, Steffen, Burghard Andresen, Dieter Naber, Michael Krausz, and Ellen Probsthein. "Neuropsychological Correlates of Schizotypal Disorganisation." Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 4, no. 4 (October 1999): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135468099395873.

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4

Dyall, Lorna. "Gambling, Social Disorganisation and Deprivation." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 5, no. 4 (September 26, 2007): 320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-007-9085-5.

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5

Malla, Ashok K., Ross M. G. Norman, Omar Aguilar, Heather Carnahan, and Leonard Cortese. "Relationship between Movement Planning and Psychopathology Profiles in Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 2 (August 1995): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.2.211.

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BackgroundThere has been evidence that psychopathology in schizophrenia consists of three separable syndromes: reality distortion, disorganisation, and psychomotor poverty. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between planning and execution of movement and each of the syndromes in schizophrenia.MethodTwenty-one right handed DSM–III–R schizophrenic patients performed a total of 80 trials of a motor movement task, varying distance of movement × size of the target × hand. Times taken to plan the movement (RT) and to carry it out (MT) were examined for their relationship with contemporaneous as well as lifetime profiles of the three syndromes in schizophrenia.ResultsSignificant correlations are reported between RT and current as well as lifetime measures of disorganisation syndrome. Somewhat weaker correlations are reported between RT and psychomotor poverty, but only for the right-handed tasks. Partial correlations suggest that the influence of neuroleptic medication explains all but one of the correlations between psychomotor poverty and RT, but does not account for the relationship between disorganisation and RT. No other relationship emerged between any of the movement and symptom measures.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that dysfunction in movement planning is related primarily to concurrent disorganisation, as well as to the prominence of disorganisation over the patient's history.
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6

Liddle, Peter F. "The Symptoms of Chronic Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 2 (August 1987): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.2.145.

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The relationships between symptoms in 40 schizophrenic patients, selected for persistence of symptoms, were examined. The symptoms segregated into three syndromes: psychomotor poverty (poverty of speech, lack of spontaneous movement and various aspects of blunting of affect): disorganisation (inappropriate affect, poverty of content of speech, and disturbances of the form of thought): and reality distortion (particular types of delusions and hallucinations). Both the psychomotor poverty and disorganisation syndromes were associated with social and occupational impairment; in particular, the psychomotor poverty syndrome was associated with impairment of personal relationships, and the disorganisation syndrome with poor self-care and impersistence at work.
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7

Frič, Pavol. "Corruption - Deviant Behaviour or Social Disorganisation?" Czech Sociological Review 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/00380288.2001.37.1.10.

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8

Soto-Acosta, Pedro, Francisco Jose Molina-Castillo, Carolina Lopez-Nicolas, and Ricardo Colomo-Palacios. "The effect of information overload and disorganisation on intention to purchase online." Online Information Review 38, no. 4 (June 12, 2014): 543–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-01-2014-0008.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a research model that examines the effect of information overload and information disorganisation upon customers’ perceived risk and purchase intention online in a single integrative model. In addition the paper investigates whether internet experience moderates these relationships. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve the paper's objectives an experiment that involved visiting the ten most visited e-commerce web sites in Spain was conducted. Hypotheses were tested by using structural equation modelling on a data set of 1,396 online shopping customers. Findings – The results suggest a positive relationship between information overload and customer purchase intention and that internet experience reinforces this positive effect. Moreover the results confirm that the relationship between information disorganisation and customer purchase intention is not significant and that internet experience does not moderate the relationship. The findings also indicate that perceived risk mediates the relationship between information overload and information disorganisation on customer purchase intention. Originality/value – This work contributes to the literature by exploring the phenomenon of information overload and information disorganisation upon customers’ perceived risk and purchase intention in the e-commerce environment as well as the moderating effect of internet experience on these relationships in a single integrative model. The main conclusions of this investigation can be valuable to organisations that implement or intend to implement e-commerce.
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9

Donnai, D., and R. M. Winter. "Disorganisation: a model for 'early amnion rupture'?" Journal of Medical Genetics 26, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.26.7.421.

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10

Maynard, Alan. "Re-disorganisation from within: all change again?" British Journal of Healthcare Management 10, no. 6 (June 2004): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2004.10.6.18719.

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11

Duncan, John. "Disorganisation of behaviour after frontal lobe damage." Cognitive Neuropsychology 3, no. 3 (August 1986): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643298608253360.

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12

Liddle, Peter F., and Danielle L. Morris. "Schizophrenic Syndromes and Frontal Lobe Performance." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 3 (March 1991): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.3.340.

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A battery of neuropsychological tests sensitive to frontal lobe impairment was administered to 43 chronic schizophrenic patients to delineate the abnormality of mental processing associated with the syndromes of psychomotor poverty and disorganisation, which had been identified in a previous study of the segregation of schizophrenic symptoms. Psychomotor poverty was found to be associated with slowness of mental activity, including slowness of generating words. The disorganisation syndrome was associated with impairment in tests in which the subject is required to inhibit an established but inappropriate response.
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13

Szöke, Andrei, Alexandre Méary, Aziz Ferchiou, Anca Trandafir, Marion Leboyer, and Franck Schürhoff. "Correlations between cognitive performances and psychotic or schizotypal dimensions." European Psychiatry 24, no. 4 (May 2009): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.10.007.

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AbstractObjectiveTo test if specific correlations exist between cognitive measures and psychotic dimensions in schizophrenic subjects and if similar correlations, between cognition and schizotypal dimensions, are present in non-psychotic subjects.MethodsWe administered the same battery of cognitive tests (Source Monitoring, Verbal Fluency [VF] and Stroop tests) to schizophrenic subjects (N = 54), their first-degree relatives (N = 37) and controls (N = 41). Scores of negative, positive and disorganisation dimensions were derived from the Signs and Symptoms of Psychotic Illness scale in schizophrenic subjects, and from the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in relatives and controls.ResultsIn schizophrenic subjects, as hypothesised, the negative dimension correlated with performance on VF and disorganisation with performance in the Stroop test. The positive dimension did not correlate with any cognitive measure.With only one exception, the significant correlations observed in non-psychotic subjects did not match correlations seen in schizophrenic subjects. In non-psychotic subjects greater disorganisation was associated with more clustered words in VF suggesting that excessive automatic spreading of activation in semantic networks could underlie this dimension.ConclusionAs a whole, data lent partial support to our hypothesis of specific cognitive–clinical correlations in schizophrenic subjects but did not support the existence of similar correlations in non-psychotic subjects.
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Gracia, Ramón, Eduardo J. Aguilar, Rosario Cejas, Oscar Herreros, Amparo Diaz, José Hernández, and Lourdes Fernández. "Disorganisation and frontal blood flow measured by 99mTcHMPAO." Schizophrenia Research 24, no. 1-2 (January 1997): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(97)82474-7.

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15

Petzel, M. A., and R. P. Erickson. "Disorganisation: a possible cause of apparent conjoint twinning." Journal of Medical Genetics 28, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 712–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.28.10.712.

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16

Hennekam, R. C. "Another human homologue for the mouse mutant disorganisation." Journal of Medical Genetics 29, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.29.1.71-b.

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17

Baxter, Richard. "Violence in schizophrenia and the syndrome of disorganisation." Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 7, no. 2 (June 1997): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.158.

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18

Loosemore, Martin, and Will P. Hughes. "Confronting Social Defence Mechanisms: Avoiding Disorganisation During Crises." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 9, no. 2 (June 2001): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.00156.

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19

Liddle, P. F., K. J. Friston, C. D. Frith, S. R. Hirsch, T. Jones, and R. S. J. Frackowiak. "Patterns of Cerebral Blood Flow in Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 2 (February 1992): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.160.2.179.

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Positron emission tomography was used to study the relationship between rCBF and symptom profiles in 30 schizophrenic patients. Factor analysis confirmed that the symptoms segregated into three syndromes – psychomotor poverty, disorganisation, and reality distortion – described previously. Analysis of the correlations between syndrome scores and rCBF revealed that each syndrome was associated with a specific pattern of perfusion in paralimbic and association cortex, and in related subcortical nuclei. The study confirmed predictions that psychomotor poverty and disorganisation are associated with altered perfusion at different loci in the pre-frontal cortex, and reality distortion with altered perfusion in the medial temporal lobe. The perfusion patterns suggest that the abnormalities of brain function underlying each of the three syndromes are not confined to single loci, but involve distributed neuronal networks.
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20

Vázquez-Barquero, José Luis, Ismael Lastra, Ma Jesús Cuesta Nuñez, Sara Herrera Castanedo, and Graham Dunn. "Patterns of Positive and Negative Symptoms in First Episode Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 168, no. 6 (June 1996): 693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.6.693.

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BackgroundThe aim is to examine, in first episodes of schizophrenia the appropriateness of the simple two-dimensional model of schizophrenia (‘negative’ and ‘positive’ dimensions) and more complex variants.MethodAll patients with a first episode of schizophrenia who, over a two-year period, made contact with any of the public mental health services of the autonomous region of Cantabria in northern Spain were investigated. The psychiatric evaluation included, among other instruments, the Present State Examination (PSE–9), and the scales for the assessment of the ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ symptoms of schizophrenia (SAPS and SANS respectively). The dimensionality of the SAPS/SANS item scores and sub-scales was examined through the use of principal component analysis.ResultsThe principal component solution that best fits the data obtained with the initial SANS/SAPS sub-scales reflects the existence of three different (‘negative’ ‘positive’, ‘disorganisation’) factors. The strategy adopted of repeating the analysis after extracting the principal components of the original sub-scales, revealed that although the nature and item composition of the initial ‘negative’ and ‘disorganisation’ factors were in general confirmed, the ‘positive’ dimension presented a more complex structure with at least two ‘positive’ (‘Non-Paranoid’ and ‘Paranoid’) independent factors.ConclusionThe psychopathological structure of the early stages of schizophrenia, as evaluated by the SANS/SAPS, is characterised by the presence of four dimensions: two ‘positive’, one ‘negative’ and one ‘disorganisation‘.
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21

Brüne, M., and D. Schaub. "Mental state attribution in schizophrenia: What distinguishes patients with “poor” from patients with “fair” mentalising skills?" European Psychiatry 27, no. 5 (July 2012): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.10.002.

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AbstractPurposeAlthough many patients with schizophrenia are impaired in mental states attribution abilities, a significant number perform within normal or near-normal ranges in mental state attribution tasks. No studies have analysed cognitive or behavioural differences between patients with – to some extent – preserved mental state attribution skills and those with poor mentalising abilities.Material and methodsTo examine characteristics of “poor” and “fair” mentalisers, 58 patients with schizophrenia performed a mental state attribution task, a test of general intelligence, and two executive functioning tests. “Poor” and “fair” mentalising skills were defined according to a median-split procedure; the median score in the patient group was also within two standard deviations of the control group. In addition, patients’ social behavioural skills and psychopathological profiles were rated.ResultsPatients performing within normal or near normal ranges on the mental state attribution task had fewer social behavioural abnormalities than patients with poor mentalising abilities (even when controlled for intelligence), but did not differ in executive functioning. Fair mental state performers showed less disorganisation and excitement symptoms than poor performers. The degree of disorganisation mediated the influence of mental state attribution on social behavioural skills.ConclusionsSchizophrenia patients with (partially) preserved mentalising skills have fewer behavioural problems in the social domain than patients with poor mentalising abilities. Conceptual disorganisation mediates the prediction of social behavioural skills through mentalising skills, suggesting that disorganised patients may require special attention regarding social-cognitive skills training.
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22

Winter, R. M., and D. Donnai. "A possible human homologue for the mouse mutant disorganisation." Journal of Medical Genetics 26, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.26.7.417.

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23

Forde, Emer M. E., Glyn W. Humphreys, and Marietta Remoundou. "Disordered Knowledge of Action Order in Action Disorganisation Syndrome." Neurocase 10, no. 1 (February 2004): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13554790490960459.

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24

Sarkar, Jaydip, and Gwen Adshead. "Personality disorders as disorganisation of attachment and affect regulation." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 12, no. 4 (July 2006): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.12.4.297.

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If personality disorder is no longer to be a diagnosis of exclusion it needs a conceptual framework that fits both the symptoms of the illness and the behavioural problems that constitute its current diagnostic criteria. In this article, we suggest that personality disorder is best understood as disorganisation of the capacity for affect regulation, mediated by early attachments. We present evidence for this argument based on both developmental and neurobiological research.
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Lenzenweger, Mark F., and Robert H. Dworkin. "The Dimensions of Schizophrenia Phenomenology Not one or two, at least three, perhaps four." British Journal of Psychiatry 168, no. 4 (April 1996): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.4.432.

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BackgroundThis confirmatory investigation examined the underlying structure of schizophrenia phenomenology through examination of the fit of several prominent dimensional models to observed symptom data.MethodConfirmatory factor analysis was conducted on a correlation matrix of schizophrenia signs and symptoms derived from case history ratings of 192 individuals with schizophrenia who were the subjects in the major twin studies of schizophrenia.ResultsSchizophrenia phenomenology appears best described by four underlying factors, namely negative symptoms, premorbid social adjustment deficits, reality distortion, and disorganisation. Of interest, the premorbid deficit dimension was directly associated with negative symptoms and disorganisation, but was inversely associated with reality distortion.ConclusionsThese data clearly support the multidimensionality of schizophrenia phenomenology and provide objective support for a four-factor model over other models. This four-factor model may be useful in organising existing and future data concerning the genetic, neurobiological, neurological, and psychosocial features of schizophrenia.
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Tue, Nguyen Trong, Kouhei Shimaji, Naoki Tanaka, and Masamitsu Yamaguchi. "Effect ofαB-Crystallin on Protein Aggregation inDrosophila." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/252049.

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Disorganisation and aggregation of proteins containing expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats, or ectopic expression of α-synuclein, underlie neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson, Huntington, Creutzfeldt diseases. Small heat-shock proteins, such as αB-crystallin, act as chaperones to prevent protein aggregation and play a key role in the prevention of such protein disorganisation diseases. In this study, we have explored the potential for chaperone activity of αB-crystallin to suppress the formation of protein aggregates. We tested the ability of αB-crystallin to suppress the aggregation of a polyQ protein and α-synuclein inDrosophila. We found that αB-crystallin suppresses both the compound eye degeneration induced by polyQ and the α-synuclein-induced rough eye phenotype. Furthermore, by using histochemical staining we have determined that αB-crystallin inhibits the aggregation of polyQin vivo. These data provide a clue for the development of therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Chua, S. E., I. C. Wright, J. B. Poline, P. F. Liddle, R. M. Murray, R. S. J. Frackowiak, K. J. Friston, and P. K. McGuire. "Grey matter correlates of syndromes in schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 170, no. 5 (May 1997): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.5.406.

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BackgroundSymptoms in schizophrenia duster into syndromes, each of which may be associated with a particular pattern of cerebral blood flow. We sought to investigate whether these syndromes are also related to neuroanatomical changes.MethodA semi-automated method was used to examine structural magnetic resonance images in 12 patients with schizophrenia. The relationship between the relative regional grey matter volume and ratings of the syndromes of psychomotor poverty, disorganisation and reality distortion was investigated.ResultsThere was a significant negative correlation between psychomotor poverty score and the relative volume of the left ventro-medial prefrontal grey matter, and a significant positive correlation between disorganisation and the relative volumes of the hippocampus, and the parahippocampal/fusiform gyrus bilaterally.ConclusionThe correlation between psychomotor poverty and left prefrontal grey matter volume resembles that previously seen with prefrontal blood flow in the same patients, suggesting that this functional abnormality is related to an underlying anatomical change.
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28

Liddle, Peter F., and Thomas R. E. Barnes. "Syndromes of Chronic Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 4 (October 1990): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.4.558.

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Confirmation is reported of an earlier finding that the symptoms of patients with chronic schizophrenia segregate into three syndromes: psychomotor poverty (poverty of speech, flatness of affect, decreased spontaneous movement); disorganisation (disorders of the form of thought, inappropriate affect); and reality distortion (delusions and hallucinations).
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Cooper, Peter J., Elizabeth Whelan, Matthew Woolgar, Julian Morrell, and Lynne Murray. "Association between childhood feeding problems and maternal eating disorder: role of the family environment." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 3 (March 2004): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.3.210.

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BackgroundThere is a strong relationship between feeding problems in childhood and eating disorder in the mother. The mechanisms responsible for this relationship are not understood.AimsTo elucidate family-environmental factors that could mediate this association.MethodA general population sample of children with feeding problems (n=35), other problems (shyness, fears or behavioural problems; n=58), or no problems (n=23) was identified. The mental state of their mothers was evaluated, including an assessment of current and past eating disorder. Video recordings were made in the families' homes of a mealtime and of the mothers and children participating in a standardised exploratory task.ResultsTwo family-environmental variables significantly distinguished the children with feeding problems from the other two groups: ‘mealtime disorganisation’ and ‘maternal strong control and disharmony’. Path analysis revealed the importance of these two environmental variables in mediating the association between child and maternal disturbance.ConclusionsThe degree of mealtime disorganisation and the level of maternal strong control and disharmony mediate the association between maternal eating disorder and child feeding disturbance.
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Thompson, Paul A., and Herbert Y. Meltzer. "Positive, Negative, and Disorganisation Factors from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and the Present State Examination." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 3 (September 1993): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.3.344.

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The use of items from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and from the Present State Examination scales for assessing positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia was examined using factor analysis. The factorial structure of the items which putatively assess positive and negative symptoms was examined. A three-factor solution was obtained with factors identified as: a negative symptom factor (factor 1); a positive symptom factor (factor 2); a ‘disorganisation’ factor (factor 3), consisting primarily of items related to disordered thinking. A solution which was highly similar in important loadings was obtained with an independent sample of patients. High correlations of the rotated factors with the external criteria supported the interpretations of the factors. The results indicate that symptoms generally classified as negative or positive are factorially independent. Furthermore, a disorganisation factor, consisting of items previously included in positive and negative symptoms factors, is necessary for a full representation of the factor structure.
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Norman, R. M. G., A. K. Malla, P. C. Williamson, S. L. Morrison-Stewart, E. Helmes, and L. Cortese. "EEG coherence and syndromes in schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 170, no. 5 (May 1997): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.5.411.

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BackgroundFrith et al (1995) and others have hypothesised that disruptions in the connection between left frontal and temporal areas of the brain are a central deficit in schizophrenia. In this paper we examine whether such connectivity as assessed by EEG coherence is related to level of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.MethodFor 73 patients with schizophrenia, assessments of the EEG coherence between frontal and temporal regions were carried out under conditions of activation by a mathematical task, and between frontal and occipital regions when performing a visuo-spatial task. We then examined the relationship between these coherence measures and the reality distortion, disorganisation and psychomotor poverty dimensions of symptomatology.ResultsOnly left frontal -temporal connectivity was found to have a significant negative relationship to symptomatology. This relationship was, however, specific to reality distortion rather than to symptoms of disorganisation or psychomotor poverty, and may be more characteristic of males than females.ConclusionsDisruption of frontaltemporal connectivity appears to have a specific relationship to reality distortion symptoms in schizophrenia.
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Morera-Fumero, A. L., E. Diaz-Mesa, P. Abreu-Gonzalez, A. Jimenez-Sosa, M. Henry-Benitez, and R. Gracia-Marco. "Conceptual disorganisation in paranoid schizophrenia inpatients and blood melatonin levels." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73161-3.

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ObjectivesThe aim of this research is to study whether serum melatonin level is related with positive psychopathology in a sample of paranoid schizophrenia patients.Methods32 acutely paranoid schizophrenia patients admitted to the psychiatric ward of the University Hospital of the Canary Islands took part in the study. All patients met DSM-IV criteria for paranoid schizophrenia. 22 were males and 9 females. The mean age was 36.7 ± 10.3 (standard deviation). Blood was sampled by venipuncture at 12:00 and 24:00 hours after having rested in bed one hour. This was done to avoid the body postural effect on melatonin levels. Blood extractions were carried out during the first 48 hours after admission. Psychopathology was assessed by the positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Melatonin serum levels were measured by ELISA techniques. Pearson correlations between melatonin serum levels and PANSS positive scores at 24:00 and 12:00 hours at admission and discharge were carried out.ResultsThe only significant correlation, with a positive sign, was the item Conceptual Disorganisation (P2) with serum melatonin at 24:00 h (r = 0.355, p < 0.046).ConclusionsSerum melatonin levels may be used as a biological marker of conceptual disorganisation in paranoid schizophrenia inpatients.AcknowledgementThis study was partly supported by a grant (PI: 08/115) of the Fundacion Canaria de Investigacion y Salud (FUNCIS).
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Naguib, K. K., M. S. Hamoud, E. S. Khalil, and M. Y. el-Khalifa. "Human homologue for the mouse mutant disorganisation: does it exist?" Journal of Medical Genetics 28, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.28.2.138.

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Dax, Eric Cunningham. "The First 200 Years of Australian Psychiatry." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 23, no. 1 (March 1989): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678909062599.

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Accomplishments in the various fields of Australian psychiatry are traced from the first asylums, through the history of the peaks and troughs of progress, down to the present state of disorganisation of the services and the struggle for psychiatry to find an honourable place in Australian history.
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Farrington, David P. "Examen critique des influences environnementales et familiales de la délinquance." Criminologie 27, no. 1 (August 16, 2005): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017346ar.

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The focus in this paper is on individual factors such as high impulsivity and low intelligence, family factors such as poor parental supervision and erratic parental discipline, and neighbourhood factors such as physical deterioration and social disorganisation. In the interest of reducing complexity, biological, peer, school and other factors will be neglected.
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de Mooij, Liselotte D., Martijn Kikkert, Nick M. Lommerse, Jaap Peen, Sabine C. Meijwaard, Jan Theunissen, Pim W. R. A. Duurkoop, et al. "Victimisation in adults with severe mental illness: Prevalence and risk factors." British Journal of Psychiatry 207, no. 6 (December 2015): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.143370.

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BackgroundPatients with a severe mental illness (SMI) are more likely to experience victimisation than the general population.AimsTo examine the prevalence of victimisation in people with SMI, and the relationship between symptoms, treatment facility and indices of substance use/misuse and perpetration, in comparison with the general population.MethodVictimisation was assessed among both randomly selected patients with SMI (n = 216) and the general population (n=10 865).ResultsCompared with the general population, a high prevalence of violent victimisation was found among the SMI group (22.7% v. 8.5%). Compared with out-patients and patients in a sheltered housing facility, in-patients were most often victimised (violent crimes: 35.3%; property crimes: 47.1%). Risk factors among the SMI group for violent victimisation included young age and disorganisation, and risk factors for property crimes included being an in-patient, disorganisation and cannabis use. The SMI group were most often assaulted by someone they knew.ConclusionsCaregivers should be aware that patients with SMI are at risk of violent victimisation. Interventions need to be developed to reduce this vulnerability.
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Norman, Ross M. G., A. K. Malla, S. L. Morrison-Stewart, E. Helmes, P. C. Williamson, J. Thomas, and L. Cortese. "Neuropsychological correlates of syndromes in schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 170, no. 2 (February 1997): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.2.134.

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BackgroundOn the basis of Liddle's three-syndrome model of schizophrenia, it was predicted that: (1) symptoms of psychomotor poverty would be particularly correlated with impaired performance on neuropsychological tests likely to reflect functioning of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; (2) disorganisation would be particularly correlated with impaired performance on tests sensitive to medio-basal prefrontal functioning; and (3) reality distortion would be particularly correlated with measures sensitive to temporal lobe functioning.MethodThe above hypotheses were tested on 87 subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia. Patients' symptoms were scored for each of the three syndromes. Patients completed six neuropsychological tests designed to measure impairment in specific areas of the brain.ResultsThere was no support for the first two hypotheses. There was, however, evidence of a specific relationship between reality distortion and neuropsychological performance usually considered to be related to left temporal lobe functioning.ConclusionsAlthough not directly supporting the first two hypotheses; the results are, in general, consistent with there being different cortical-subcortical circuits associated with each of psychomotor poverty and disorganisation. Temporal lobe functioning appears to have particular significance for the reality distortion syndrome.
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Cant, Callum, and Jamie Woodcock. "Fast Food Shutdown: From disorganisation to action in the service sector." Capital & Class 44, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816820906357.

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This article discusses the Fast Food Shutdown, a strike on 4 October 2018 that involved Wetherspoon, McDonald’s, TGI Fridays and UberEats workers in the United Kingdom. It compares the different strategies of the Bakers Food and Allied Workers’ Union at Wetherspoon and Industrial Workers of the World at UberEats. The two case studies, drawing on the authors’ ongoing ethnographic research, provide important examples of successful precarious worker organising. In particular, the argument focuses on the role of action in organising, as well as the relationship between the rank-and-file and the union. While these could point the way to the recomposition of the workers movement – both in greenfield sectors and within existing unions – there remain important questions about how these experiences can be generalised.
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de Sousa, Paulo, William Sellwood, Martin Griffiths, and Richard P. Bentall. "Disorganisation, thought disorder and socio-cognitive functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 214, no. 2 (August 24, 2018): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.160.

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BackgroundPoor social cognition is prevalent in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Some authors argue that these effects are symptom-specific and that socio-cognitive difficulties (e.g. theory of mind) are strongly associated with thought disorder and symptoms of disorganisation.AimsThe current review tests the strength of this association.MethodWe meta-analysed studies published between 1980 and 2016 that tested the association between social cognition and these symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.ResultsOur search (PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Web of Science) identified 123 studies (N = 9107). Overall effect size as r = −0.313, indicating a moderate association between symptoms and social cognition. Subanalyses yielded a moderate association between symptoms and theory of mind (r = −0.349) and emotion recognition (r = −0.334), but smaller effect sizes for social perception (r = −0.188), emotion regulation (r = −0.169) and attributional biases (r = −0.143).ConclusionsThe association is interpreted within models of communication that highlight the importance of mentalisation and processing of partner-specific cues in conversational alignment and grounding.Declaration of interestsNone.
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Kailemia, Mwenda. "Enter the dragon: the ecological disorganisation of Chinese capital in Africa." Third World Quarterly 38, no. 9 (April 28, 2017): 2082–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1315299.

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Cooper, Richard P., Myrna F. Schwartz, Peter Yule, and Tim Shallice. "The simulation of action disorganisation in complex activities of daily living." Cognitive Neuropsychology 22, no. 8 (December 2005): 959–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643290442000419.

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Barbatis, C., J. Morton, J. C. Woods, J. Burns, J. Bradley, and J. O. McGee. "Disorganisation of intermediate filament structure in alcoholic and other liver diseases." Gut 27, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.27.7.765.

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Burmatov, A. A. "The Population of Western Siberia in 1964–1970: Modernisation or Disorganisation?" Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 30 (2019): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2019.30.62.

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Lee, Stuart, Tim Rancie, Wei Lin Toh, Phaybian Penita, Peter Moseley, and Susan Rossell. "M247. PAST AND ANTICIPATED HUMILIATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO ANXIETY AND PRONENESS TO PSYCHOSIS EXPERIENCES IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.559.

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Abstract Background Childhood adversity is a risk factor for psychosis. Bullying, abuse, neglect and family conflict can cause biological (e.g. stress hyper-reactivity) and psychological (e.g. negative beliefs about self and perceived threat from others) changes that may lead to psychopathology in adulthood. Past and anticipated humiliation is associated with proneness to persecutory ideation in non-clinical samples. However, whether this is associated with proneness to other positive psychosis symptoms is unclear. This study measured how humiliation is related to hallucination-like experiences (HLE) and intrusive thinking assessed via the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale Extended and disorganisation assessed via the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Revised, and if increased anxiety mediates this relationship. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited a community sample of 92 adults (62% female; Mean [SD] age = 27.3 [10.8]) who completed measures of past/anticipated humiliation, risky family environment, family socioeconomic status, state anxiety and proneness to positive psychotic 1 2020 Congress of the Schizophrenia International Research Society symptoms. Serial mediation tested for direct and indirect relationships among study variables. Results Worse past and anticipated humiliation, risky family environments and state anxiety correlated with more severe intrusive thoughts, multisensory HLEs and disorganisation (r range 0.23–0.54). Serial mediation showed that of the historical factors, only past humiliation predicted anticipated humiliation (p &lt; 0.001), which in turn was the only unique predictor of state anxiety (p = 0.004). The relationship then differed for proneness to different positive psychosis symptoms. Only state anxiety was a unique predictor of audio-visual HLEs (p = .03) and intrusive thoughts (p = .01), whereas both past humiliation and anxiety predicted disorganisation and multisensory HLEs (both p &lt; .03). Discussion Anxious anticipation about potential harm in interpersonal interactions, likely caused by cumulative past humiliation, may increase proneness to positive psychosis experiences through increased difficulty controlling negative emotions and the frequency and content of worrying thoughts and memories.
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Lo, Priscilla, Hannah Hawrot, and Marios Georgiou. "Apicobasal polarity and its role in cancer progression." BioMolecular Concepts 3, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2012-0020.

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AbstractAppropriate establishment and maintenance of cell polarity is essential for normal development and homeostasis. The vast majority of human cancers originate from epithelial tissues and tumour cell invasion and metastasis are the major cause of mortality in human cancers. Invading cells demonstrate loss of cell polarity, loss of epithelial cell-cell adhesions and tissue disorganisation. We examine the growing evidence linking loss of apicobasal polarity with tumour progression.
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Cappe, Céline, Michael H. Herzog, Daniela A. Herzig, Andreas Brand, and Christine Mohr. "Cognitive disorganisation in schizotypy is associated with deterioration in visual backward masking." Psychiatry Research 200, no. 2-3 (December 2012): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.001.

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Morgan, C., N. Bedford, and S. L. Rossell. "Evidence of semantic disorganisation using semantic priming in individuals with high schizotypy." Schizophrenia Research 84, no. 2-3 (June 2006): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2006.01.020.

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Evans, Lisa H., Nicola S. Gray, and Robert J. Snowden. "Reduced P50 suppression is associated with the cognitive disorganisation dimension of schizotypy." Schizophrenia Research 97, no. 1-3 (December 2007): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.07.019.

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Rossell, S. L., M. Coltheart, and A. S. David. "Evidence of semantic disorganisation in schizophrenia using a new word definition task." Schizophrenia Research 60, no. 1 (March 2003): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(03)81073-3.

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Agosta, Federica, Marcella Laganà, Paola Valsasina, Stefania Sala, Luca Dall'Occhio, Maria P. Sormani, Elda Judica, and Massimo Filippi. "Evidence for cervical cord tissue disorganisation with aging by diffusion tensor MRI." NeuroImage 36, no. 3 (July 2007): 728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.048.

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