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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Disordered traffic

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Academic literature on the topic 'Disordered traffic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Disordered traffic"

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Mayakuntla, Sai Kiran, and Ashish Verma. "Cell Transmission Modeling of Heterogeneous Disordered Traffic." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems 145, no. 7 (July 2019): 04019027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jtepbs.0000248.

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Harris, R. J., and R. B. Stinchcombe. "Ideal and disordered two-lane traffic models." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 354 (August 2005): 582–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2005.02.030.

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Huang, Zhi Peng, Lin Cheng, and Wei Hua Zhang. "Traffic Flow Turbulence Characteristics Research Based on the Cellular Automaton Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 3022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.3022.

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Turbulence coefficient r is introduced to simulate traffic disorder traffic flow characteristics. By analyzing the disturbance vehicles in the driving environment of different disordered state, the values of model simulation under different conditions analysis, using the traffic flow turbulence coefficient r disorder defined traffic flow characteristics, offers new reference for the study of the traffic flow theory. The accident rate and traffic flow turbulence characteristics are simulated and analyzed, which provides the theoretical gist for the simulation study of traffic flow.

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Sreekumar, M., and Tom V. Mathew. "Modeling multi-class disordered traffic flow subject to varying vehicle composition using the concept of traversable distance." International Journal of Modern Physics C 31, no. 12 (October 10, 2020): 2050170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183120501703.

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Disordered traffic stream at the microscopic level can be described as a permeable medium. Each vehicle is considered to traverse through a series of lateral gaps created by other vehicles. We develop a multi-class traffic flow model that considers such viable and accessible gaps for individual vehicle classes to traverse downstream. The model accounts for the varying shares of different vehicle classes. The concept of traversable distance and modified equilibrium speed functions are used to model the interplay among multiple vehicle classes. Using a higher order finite volume approximation method, evolution for a two-class traffic stream is shown. This model replicates prominent empirical characteristics exhibited by multi-class disordered traffic such as overtaking and creeping. Varying shares of smaller vehicles affect queue formation and discharge characteristics, and have significant impacts on roadway capacity. The model also could compute dynamic class-specific travel times at different vehicular compositions more realistically.

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Nagatani, Takashi. "Control of vehicular traffic through a sequence of traffic lights positioned with disordered interval." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 368, no. 2 (August 2006): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2005.12.031.

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de Aquino, Belisa R. H., and Marek Cieplak. "Network of inter-basin traffic in intrinsically disordered PUMA protein." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 132, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 28002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/132/28002.

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Sihag, Gurmesh, Manoranjan Parida, and Praveen Kumar. "Travel Time Prediction for Traveler Information System in Heterogeneous Disordered Traffic Conditions Using GPS Trajectories." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 14, 2022): 10070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610070.

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Precise travel time prediction allows travelers and system controllers to be aware of the future conditions on roadways and helps in pre-trip planning and traffic control strategy formulation to lessen the travel time and mitigate traffic congestion problems. This research investigates the possibility of using the GPS trajectory dataset for travel time prediction in Indian traffic conditions having heterogeneous disordered traffic and improvement in prediction accuracy by shifting from the traditional historical average method to modern machine learning algorithms such as linear regressions, decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting regression. The present study uses massive location data consisting of historical trajectories that were collected by installing GPS devices on the probe vehicles. A 3.6 km long stretch of the Delhi–Noida Direct (DND) flyway is selected as a case study to predict the travel time and compare the performance as well as the efficiency of various travel time prediction algorithms.

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Nair, Rahul, Hani S. Mahmassani, and Elise Miller-Hooks. "A porous flow approach to modeling heterogeneous traffic in disordered systems." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 17 (2011): 611–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.534.

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Kanagaraj, Venkatesan, and Martin Treiber. "Self-driven particle model for mixed traffic and other disordered flows." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 509 (November 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2018.05.086.

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Nair, Rahul, Hani S. Mahmassani, and Elise Miller-Hooks. "A porous flow approach to modeling heterogeneous traffic in disordered systems." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 45, no. 9 (November 2011): 1331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2011.05.009.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Disordered traffic"

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Gunay, Banihan. "Investigation of low lane discipline on uninterrupted multilane traffic flows." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311194.

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Chu, Lai-yee. "Coping, appraisal and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in motor vehicle accidents (MVA)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210328.

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James, Kimberly Mullen. "Measuring behavioral disruption in children who have been in motor vehicle accidents." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1118.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 112 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-73).

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Herbert, Claudia. "Efficacy of a trauma information booklet in reducing post-traumatic symptoms after road traffic accidents." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273352.

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Holm, Lena. "Epidemiological aspects on pain in whiplash-associated disorders /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-083-1/.

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Biggs, Quinn M. Kelly Kimberly. "Transportation trauma and psychological morbidity anxiety, depression, PTSD, and perceived control in a hospitalized sample /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-4000.

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Phipps, Valerie Lily. "The psychological effects of road traffic accidents on children and adolescents following admission to an Accident and Emergency Department." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58073/.

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Objectives: - The present research attempts to elicit children's perceptions and experiences of enduring a road traffic accident (RTA). It also examined their parents experiences of parenting such children and their own experiences and perceptions of the accident. Participants: - The study focussed on 14 children, aged from 9 years 9 months - 14 years and 4 months of age who had endured a RTA from between 9-33 months previously and their parents. Design: - The study employed a non-experimental design with a combination of quantitative and qualitative paradigms. Method: - The participants were identified via the hospital database of all children who had endured a RTA from between 6-24 months previously. Both the children and their parents were interviewed on specifically designed semi-structured interview schedules. Each interview was then tape-recorded and transcribed in its entirety. These transcripts then provided the universe of material for subsequent qualitative analysis. Results:- The results of this study demonstrated that approximately half of the children who had experienced a RTA were suffering from a post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, the PTSD case children differed from the non-case children on factors such as awareness of the inpending RTA, feelings of self-blame regarding the accident, and more negative thoughts regarding their experience immediately after the impact and at the time of the assessment. In addition, the parents of the case children displayed similar responses to that of their children. Conclusion: - A theoretical Model was presented to account for the main findings in response to the research questions, also drawing on existing research. It is emphasised that this model is speculative due to the small sample size insofar as it draws upon the present findings, and as such can only relate to this study sample and further research would be required to fully test and validate it. In addition, recommendations were made for service delivery and clinical practice.

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Meares, Kevin J. M. "Intrusive thoughts, crisis support and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorders in adolescents involved in road traffic accidents." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57706/.

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This study aimed to survey an adolescent sample for the prevalence of PTSD symptoms following a road traffic accident (RTA). In addition, it aimed to examine the relationship between PTSD symptoms and a number of variables which have been suggested by Rachman's (1980)emotional processing. theory to be important in the development of PTSD. Rachman's theory suggests that intrusive phenomena are indicative of emotional processing. His theory accounts for both everyday and trauma related intrusive phenomena and suggests that the same mechanisms a; c employed in both everyday and traumatic processing. This study examined the influence of controllability and affective discomfort associated with everyday intrusive thoughts on the levels of PTSD seen in adolescents involved in RTAs. In addition, other variables were assessed which were Suggested by Rachman to be indicative of successful emotional processing (e. g. social support). 34 4'r, adolescents between the age of 10 and 16, who had been involved in RTAs were asked to complete" battery of questionnaires presented in a structured interview format. Each participant completed the Impact of Events Scale (Horowitz et al., 1979), the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale Reynolds and Richmond, 1978), the Birleson depression inventory (Birleson, 1981), the Crisis Support Scale (Joseph et al., 1992) and two measures of accident related intrusive thoughts and everyday intrusive thoughts which have been adapted from previously used instruments (Salkovskis, l 985, Allsopp and Williams, 1996). A quarter of all adolescents involved in RTAs were found to Stiffer severe levels of PTSD psychopathology as measured by the IES. The experience of accident related intrusive thoughts was associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Everyday 4ioughts, that were controllable and did not cause affective discomfort, were associated with lower levels of PTSD symptoms. Post-traumatic symptoms were predicted by accident severity variables such as collision speeds and degree of injury. Variables suggested by Rachman (e. g. controllability %f intrusive thoughts) were found to supplement accident severity variables. While considering the methodological problems encountered, the results of this study are discussed along with their implications for clinical practice and future research.

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Ahlm, Kristin. "Traffic and drowning incidents with emphasis on the presence of alcohol and drugs." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Rättsmedicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91526.

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Worldwide, fatal traffic injuries and drowning deaths are important problems. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the cirumstances of fatal and non-fatal traffic injuries and drowning deaths in Sweden including analysis of the presence of alcohol and drugs, which are considered to be major risk factors for these events. Data where obtained from the database of National Board of Forensic Medicine. In the first study, we investigated 420 passenger deaths from 372 crashes during 1993-1996. There were 594 drivers involved. In total, 21% of the drivers at fault were alcohol positive compared to 2% of drivers not at fault (p<0.001) (Paper I). During 2004-2007, crashes involving 56 fatally and 144 non-fatally injured drivers were investigated in a prospective study from Northern Sweden (Paper II). The drivers were alcohol positive in 38% and 21%, respectively. Psychoactive drugs were found in 7% and 13%, respectively. Benzodiazepines, opiates and antidepressants were the most frequent drugs found in drivers. Illict drugs were found 9% and 4% respectively, with tetrahydrocannabinol being the most frequent of these drugs (Paper II). We investigated 5,125 drowning deaths in Sweden during 1992-2009 (Paper III). The incidence decreased on average by about 2% each year (p<0.001). Unintentional drowning was most common (50%). Alcohol was found in 44% of unintentional, 24% of intentional, and 45% of undetermined drowning deaths. Psychoactive substances were detected in 40% and benzodiazepines were the most common substance. Illicit drugs were detected in 10%. Of all drowning deaths, a significantly higher proportion females commited suicide compared with males (55% vs. 21%, p<0.001). Suicidal drowning deaths (n=129) in Northern Sweden were studied further in detail (Paper IV). of these, 53% had been hospitalized due to a psychiatric diagnosis within five years prior to the suicide. Affective and psychotic disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses. Almost one third had performed a previous suicide attempt. One fourth had committed suicide after less than one week of discharge from hospital. Alochol was found in 16% and psychoactive drugs in 62% of these cases, respectively. In conclusion, alcohol and psychoactive drugs are commonly detected among injured drivers and drowning victims, and probably play a role in these events. Most of the individuals that tested positive for alcohol and high blood concentrations, indicating alochol dependence or abuse. This association warrants futher attention when planning future prevention.

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Keppel-Benson, Jane M. "Posttraumatic stress among children in automobile accidents." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02052007-072442/.

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Books on the topic "Disordered traffic"

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George-Hyslop, Peter H. St, William C. C. Mobley, and Yves Christen, eds. Intracellular Traffic and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87941-1.

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C, Mobley William, Christen Yves, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Intracellular Traffic and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009.

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Verster, Joris C., and Charles F. P. George. Sleep, sleepiness and traffic safety. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Highway Safety Forum on Fatigue, Sleep Disorders, and Traffic Safety (1993 Albany, N.Y.). Highway Safety Forum on Fatigue, Sleep Disorders, and Traffic Safety, December 1, 1993, Albany, New York: Proceedings. [Albany, N.Y.]: The Institute, 1993.

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J, Hickling Edward, ed. After the crash: Psychological assessment and treatment of survivors of motor vehicle accidents. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2004.

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Blanchard, Edward B. After the crash: Assessment and treatment of motor vehicle accident survivors. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1997.

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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime., ed. 2005 World drug report. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2005.

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Joël, Meissonier, ed. Yaa baa, production, traffic, and consumption of methamphetamine in mainland Southeast Asia. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2004.

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Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung nach Verkehrsunfällen. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1996.

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J, Hickling Edward, and Blanchard Edward B, eds. The international handbook of road traffic accidents and psychological trauma: Current understanding, treatment and law. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Disordered traffic"

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Greulich, Philip, and Andreas Schadschneider. "Statistical Properties of Disordered Driven Lattice Gases with Open Boundaries." In Traffic and Granular Flow ’07, 307–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77074-9_31.

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Cixous, Pierre, Evelyne Kolb, Jean-Claude Charmet, and Chay Goldenberg. "Motion of an Intruder Through a Two Dimensional Disordered Granular Medium." In Traffic and Granular Flow ’07, 507–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77074-9_55.

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Gandy, Sam, Odete da Cruz e. Silva, Edgar da Cruz e. Silva, Toshiharu Suzuki, Michelle Ehrlich, and Scott Small. "Amyloid Precursor Protein Sorting and Processing: Transmitters, Hormones, and Protein Phosphorylation Mechanisms." In Intracellular Traffic and Neurodegenerative Disorders, 1–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87941-1_1.

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Skinner, Claire F., and Matthew N. J. Seaman. "The Role of Retromer in Neurodegenerative Disease." In Intracellular Traffic and Neurodegenerative Disorders, 125–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87941-1_10.

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Fluhrer, Regina, and Christian Haass. "Intramembrane Proteolysis by γ-Secretase and Signal Peptide Peptidases." In Intracellular Traffic and Neurodegenerative Disorders, 11–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87941-1_2.

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Holzbaur, Erika L. F. "Axonal Transport and Neurodegenerative Disease." In Intracellular Traffic and Neurodegenerative Disorders, 27–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87941-1_3.

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Lindquist, Susan, and Karen L. Allendoerfer. "Simple Cellular Solutions to Complex Problems." In Intracellular Traffic and Neurodegenerative Disorders, 41–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87941-1_4.

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Mandelkow, E. M., E. Thies, S. Konzack, and E. Mandelkow. "Tau and Intracellular Transport in Neurons." In Intracellular Traffic and Neurodegenerative Disorders, 59–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87941-1_5.

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Lai, Kwok-On, Dan Wang, and Kelsey C. Martin. "Signaling Between Synapse and Nucleus During Synaptic Plasticity." In Intracellular Traffic and Neurodegenerative Disorders, 71–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87941-1_6.

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Salehi, Ahmad, Chengbiao Wu, Ke Zhan, and William C. Mobley. "Axonal Transport of Neurotrophic Signals: An Achilles' Heel for Neurodegeneration?" In Intracellular Traffic and Neurodegenerative Disorders, 87–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87941-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Disordered traffic"

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Shahana, A., and Vedagiri Perumal. "230 Proactive traffic safety evaluation of signalized intersections in heterogeneous disordered traffic conditions." In 14th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion (Safety 2022) abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2022-safety2022.106.

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Li, Song, Li-jun Liu, and Guo-guang He. "A Measuring Model of Disorder Motion in Traffic Flow Based on Traffic Entropy." In 2008 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2008.59.

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Laksyana Utami, Dessy, Adi Heru Sutomo, Ketut Ima Ismara, and Aisy Luthfianisa Putri. "'Design of ergonomic emergency car toilet seats as a solution to severe traffic in Jakarta, Indonesia." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002004.

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This research aims to create an ergonomic emergency toilet design on car seats. This system can offer more convenience and comfort for car drivers stuck in traffic jams for hours. Background: Congestion in Jakarta is one of the few problems the government has not resolved to date. The leading cause is the amount of transportation. Reducing the use of private vehicles, such as cars or motorbikes, and the number of people in Jakarta is very anxious because traffic congestion in Jakarta and surrounding areas is worsening. Even the highways used to free us from traffic obstructing our roads because cars are everywhere. This situation can be a problem when using the toilet where the driver is stuck in traffic for hours. This method induces discomfort and causes urinary system disorders and bladder disease. Method: To design an emergency toilet system on a car seat, an ergonomic approach introduces a new design concept for car drivers and passengers. Using this toilet system, users do not need to get out of the car, but simply opening the hole cover in the seat can be used easily and more comfortably. Result: Emergency toilet on the car seat. Passengers can also use this because it is made on every seat in the car.

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Helbing, Dirk. "Order and disorder in traffic and self-driven many-particle systems." In EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS: 6th Experimental Chaos Conference. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1487540.

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Aragão, José Aderval, Airton Lima Batalha Filho, João Gabriel Santana Trindade, Felipe Matheus Sant'Anna Aragão, Iapunira Catarina Sant'Anna Aragão, Bárbara Costa Lourenço, and Francisco Prado Reis. "Pattern of alcohol consumption among workers at a public market." In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-116.

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Context: The consumption of alcoholic beverages in excess is characterized as a chronic disease, and is more associated with death than all illicit psychoactive substances combined. The consumption of alcohol in large quantities, constantly, can bring immense negative impacts, both due to the relationship with traffic accidents and domestic violence, as well as the health of consumers, since alcoholism contributes to liver, heart and mental problems. Objective: To collect information on the habits of alcohol consumption among workers of a municipal public market, evaluating the level of dependence and the correlation of ethyl consumption with risk situations. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 2022 on the pattern of alcohol consumption in workers of a municipal public market in Aracaju, through an easy-to-apply and correct test with cross-cultural validation, which identifies the disorders caused by the use of alcoholic beverages, which is the AUDIT (Alcohol User Disorder Identification) psychometric questionnaire. 50 people of both sexes. Results: Of the 50 workers interviewed, more than half (52%) scored between 8 and 15 points, i.e., presented risk consumption for alcohol, 16% scored between 0 and 7 points, which corresponds on the scale of this test to a low risk consumption of alcohol, 12% of the interviewees scored between 16 and 19 points, meaning harmful use of alcohol and 20% of the sample scored more than 20 points meaning a probable dependence on alcohol. Conclusion: Most workers have a risky consumption pattern, being susceptible to dangerous consequences for themselves and those around them, requiring greater interventions by the public authorities.

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Alhajyaseen, Wael, Chantal Timmermans, Abdrabo Soliman, Tom Brijs, Khaled Bedair, Veerle Ross, and Wondwesen Girma Mamo. "Impact of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Driving among Drivers in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0090.

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This study aims to investigate the impact of ADHD traits on young drivers’ deviant driving behaviors that may contribute to their involvement in traffic crashes. Methods: A sample of 450 young drivers from the State of Qatar were asked to fill the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale and the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire, in order to examine the impact of self-reported ADHD traits on ordinary violations, driving errors, lapses and aggressive violations. A path analysis model was developed to test the predictability of these ADHD traits on deviant driving behaviours. Results: Male drivers with hyperactivity-impulsivity traits are significantly more likely to report deviant driving behaviors. In contrast, female drivers with inattention traits are more likely to report deviant driving behaviors. The inattention trait has a minor predictive role for young male drivers and is not significantly related to aggressive violations. Female drivers’ aggressive violations are not predicted by the hyperactivity-impulsivity trait, but the inattention traits among those drivers are the strongest predictor of aggressive violations. Conclusion: Theses results have practical implication regarding creating inclusion environment to trainee drivers with ADHD in driving school. This can be achieved by developing special driving training and education programs.

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Himmetoglu, Selcuk, Memis Acar, Kaddour Bouazza-Marouf, and Andy J. Taylor. "Whiplash Protection by Energy Absorbing Car-Seat Concepts." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25297.

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Whiplash injury/disorder is a common neck-injury in road traffic accidents. This paper introduces energy absorbing car-seat concepts which can reduce the risk of whiplash injuries. Computational multi-body models of a generic car seat and a biofidelic 50th-percentile male human model for rear impact are developed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed car-seat concepts. The numerical sled-test-simulations show that the proposed car-seat concepts can successfully mitigate whiplash injuries for a wide range of crash severity by utilising energy absorbing devices which can remain reusable after a rear-impact. A physical model of a proposed car-seat concept is built and tested to verify the computational models.

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Vasilj, Aleksandra, Biljana Činčurak Erceg, and Aleksandra Perković. "AIR TRANSPORT AND PASSENGER RIGHTS PROTECTION DURING AND AFTER THE CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18308.

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A pandemic caused by the COVID-19 has caused disorders and enormous damage in all modes of transport. Carriers as well as transport users have faced great challenges of maintaining traffic. Measures and requirements imposed on them were often obscure, imprecise, and the journey itself was uncertain. Passengers were in fear of whether they would be able to reach their destination, but also whether they will succeed in preserving their health. Carriers, on the other hand, have also sought to adapt and provide passengers with safe transport. Nevertheless, the pandemic caused financial collapse of many carriers, landed the world fleet and closed many airports. Various legal instruments related to the protection of public health are applied in air transport, and they have been adopted within the framework of the World Health Organisation (WHO), the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), which will be presented in the paper. Various epidemiological measures related to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic have been prescribed in air transport, applicable during the journey, which have certain specifics in relation to other modes of transport. The paper will present epidemiological measures as well as the procedure applied when there is a passenger on the flight who shows symptoms of an infectious disease, and new procedures related to transport of goods. It will also address the obligation to complete certain forms and provide various information as well as the obligation to compensate costs for cancelled flights. There is no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant economic impact on air transport, and efforts will be made to present measures and provide forecasts for the recovery of air traffic in the period that follows. The paper will also address the question as to whether existing legislation and measures are appropriate, whether relevant international organisations have taken prompt measures to protect and ensure air transport during the pandemic, and whether sufficient measures have been taken to protect the health of passengers on the flight.

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Pedaprolu, Krishna, Satyam Rajput, and Sharmila Nageswaran. "Design Implementation and Analysis of a Universal Lumbosacral Support Device to Prevent Low Back Pain in Motorized Two-Wheeler Riders." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3442.

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According to National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), a division of National Institutes of Health (NIH), about 80% adults suffer from low back pain at some point in time and about 2 out of 10 people who are affected by acute low back pain develop chronic low back pain with persistent symptoms at one year [1]. Though in some cases, treatment does relieve chronic low back pain, but in other cases, pain persists despite treatment. Mostly, the lower back pain is of mechanical nature, i.e., disruption in the way the components of the back (the spine, muscle, intervertebral discs, and nerves) fit together and move. The causes of lower back pain can be imputed to various conditions such as sprains and strains, osteoarthritis, herniated discs, whiplash, compression fracture, scoliosis, stenosis, inflammation of joints, osteoporosis. It not only causes pain, but also severs the economy of a nation. It is a major contributor to missed workdays [1]. Research indicates that the total indirect costs due to back pain accrue to more than $100 billion annually [2]. Not many people can afford traveling by car or taxi to office, especially in developing countries and in cities with high traffic, where people prefer to travel by two-wheelers for their access to work and other amenities. However, people with lumbar problems are recommended not to use two-wheelers as the movement of the body on uneven roads or while braking/accelerating may increase the pain and discomfort. This reduces the productivity of not only the individual and the firm but also the productivity of the country as a whole.

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Parkinson, Matthew B., and Matthew P. Reed. "Improved Head Restraint Design for Safety and Compliance." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99429.

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The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recently revised Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 202, which governs head restraints. The new standard, known as FMVSS 202a, establishes for the first time in the U.S. a requirement for the fore-aft position of the head restraint. The fore-aft distance between the head restraint and headform representing a midsize male occupant must not exceed 55 mm when measured with the seat back angle set to 25 degrees. The goal of the rule change is to reduce the incidence of whiplash-associated disorders caused by rear impacts. Moving the head restraint closer to the head prior to impact decreases the amount of relative motion between the occupants’ heads and torsos and is believed to decrease the risk of soft-tissue neck injury. As manufacturers phase in seats that meet the new criterion, some vehicle models are producing complaints from drivers that the head restraint causes discomfort by interfering with their preferred head position, forcing them to select a more reclined seat back angle than they would prefer. To address this issue, an analysis of driver head locations relative to the seat was conducted using a new optimization-based framework for vehicle interior optimization. The approach uses simulations with thousands of virtual occupants to quantity distributions of postural variables of interest. In this case, the analysis showed that smaller-stature occupants are disproportionately likely to experience head-position interference from a head restraint that is rigidly affixed to the seat back. Using an analysis approach that considers both postural and anthropometric variability, design guidelines for the kinematics of an articulated head restraint are proposed. Such a restraint would provide optimal head restraint positioning across occupant sizes while minimizing interference.

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Reports on the topic "Disordered traffic"

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Popovici, Ioana, Johanna Catherine Maclean, and Michael French. Health Insurance and Traffic Fatalities: The Effects of Substance Use Disorder Parity Laws. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23388.

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