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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Disordered photonic systems

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Academic literature on the topic 'Disordered photonic systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Disordered photonic systems"

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Sgrignuoli, Fabrizio, Giacomo Mazzamuto, Niccolò Caselli, Francesca Intonti, Francesco Saverio Cataliotti, Massimo Gurioli, and Costanza Toninelli. "Necklace State Hallmark in Disordered 2D Photonic Systems." ACS Photonics 2, no. 11 (October 28, 2015): 1636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00422.

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Wang, Hongfei, Xiujuan Zhang, Jinguo Hua, Dangyuan Lei, Minghui Lu, and Yanfeng Chen. "Topological physics of non-Hermitian optics and photonics: a review." Journal of Optics 23, no. 12 (October 25, 2021): 123001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac2e15.

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Abstract The notion of non-Hermitian optics and photonics rooted in quantum mechanics and photonic systems has recently attracted considerable attention ushering in tremendous progress on theoretical foundations and photonic applications, benefiting from the flexibility of photonic platforms. In this review, we first introduce the non-Hermitian topological physics from the symmetry of matrices and complex energy spectra to the characteristics of Jordan normal forms, exceptional points, biorthogonal eigenvectors, Bloch/non-Bloch band theories, topological invariants and topological classifications. We further review diverse non-Hermitian system branches ranging from classical optics, quantum photonics to disordered systems, nonlinear dynamics and optomechanics according to various physical equivalences and experimental implementations. In particular, we include cold atoms in optical lattices in quantum photonics due to their operability at quantum regimes. Finally, we summarize recent progress and limitations in this emerging field, giving an outlook on possible future research directions in theoretical frameworks and engineering aspects.

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Granchi, Nicoletta, Richard Spalding, Kris Stokkereit, Matteo Lodde, Andrea Fiore, Riccardo Sapienza, Francesca Intonti, Marian Florescu, and Massimo Gurioli. "Engineering high Q/V photonic modes in correlated disordered systems." EPJ Web of Conferences 266 (2022): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226605005.

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Hyperuniform disordered (HuD) photonic materials have recently been shown to display several localized states with relatively high Q factors. However, their spatial position is not predictable a priori. Here we experimentally benchmark through near-field spectroscopy the engineering of high Q/V resonant modes in a defect inside a HuD pattern. These deterministic modes, coexisting with Anderson-localized modes, are a valid candidate for implementations in optoelectronic devices due to the spatial isotropy of the HuD environment upon which they are built.

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DeGottardi, Wade, and Mohammad Hafezi. "Stability of fractional quantum Hall states in disordered photonic systems." New Journal of Physics 19, no. 11 (November 14, 2017): 115004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa89a5.

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Caselli, Niccolò, Francesca Intonti, Federico La China, Francesco Biccari, Francesco Riboli, Annamaria Gerardino, Lianhe Li, et al. "Near-field speckle imaging of light localization in disordered photonic systems." Applied Physics Letters 110, no. 8 (February 20, 2017): 081102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4976747.

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Wang, Guang-Lei, Hong-Ya Xu, and Ying-Cheng Lai. "Can a photonic thermalization gap arise in disordered non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems?" EPL (Europhysics Letters) 125, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 30003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/125/30003.

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Sarma, Raktim, Abigail Pribisova, Bjorn Sumner, and Jayson Briscoe. "Classification of Intensity Distributions of Transmission Eigenchannels of Disordered Nanophotonic Structures Using Machine Learning." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 6642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136642.

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Light-matter interaction optimization in complex nanophotonic structures is a critical step towards the tailored performance of photonic devices. The increasing complexity of such systems requires new optimization strategies beyond intuitive methods. For example, in disordered photonic structures, the spatial distribution of energy densities has large random fluctuations due to the interference of multiply scattered electromagnetic waves, even though the statistically averaged spatial profiles of the transmission eigenchannels are universal. Classification of these eigenchannels for a single configuration based on visualization of intensity distributions is difficult. However, successful classification could provide vital information about disordered nanophotonic structures. Emerging methods in machine learning have enabled new investigations into optimized photonic structures. In this work, we combine intensity distributions of the transmission eigenchannels and the transmitted speckle-like intensity patterns to classify the eigenchannels of a single configuration of disordered photonic structures using machine learning techniques. Specifically, we leverage supervised learning methods, such as decision trees and fully connected neural networks, to achieve classification of these transmission eigenchannels based on their intensity distributions with an accuracy greater than 99%, even with a dataset including photonic devices of various disorder strengths. Simultaneous classification of the transmission eigenchannels and the relative disorder strength of the nanophotonic structure is also possible. Our results open new directions for machine learning assisted speckle-based metrology and demonstrate a novel approach to classifying nanophotonic structures based on their electromagnetic field distributions. These insights can be of paramount importance for optimizing light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.

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Ricouvier, Joshua, Patrick Tabeling, and Pavel Yazhgur. "Foam as a self-assembling amorphous photonic band gap material." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 19 (April 24, 2019): 9202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820526116.

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We show that slightly polydisperse disordered 2D foams can be used as a self-assembled template for isotropic photonic band gap (PBG) materials for transverse electric (TE) polarization. Calculations based on in-house experimental and simulated foam structures demonstrate that, at sufficient refractive index contrast, a dry foam organization with threefold nodes and long slender Plateau borders is especially advantageous to open a large PBG. A transition from dry to wet foam structure rapidly closes the PBG mainly by formation of bigger fourfold nodes, filling the PBG with defect modes. By tuning the foam area fraction, we find an optimal quantity of dielectric material, which maximizes the PBG in experimental systems. The obtained results have a potential to be extended to 3D foams to produce a next generation of self-assembled disordered PBG materials, enabling fabrication of cheap and scalable photonic devices.

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Bin Tarik, Farhan, Azadeh Famili, Yingjie Lao, and Judson D. Ryckman. "Robust optical physical unclonable function using disordered photonic integrated circuits." Nanophotonics 9, no. 9 (July 3, 2020): 2817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0049.

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AbstractPhysical unclonable function (PUF) has emerged as a promising and important security primitive for use in modern systems and devices, due to their increasingly embedded, distributed, unsupervised, and physically exposed nature. However, optical PUFs based on speckle patterns, chaos, or ‘strong’ disorder are so far notoriously sensitive to probing and/or environmental variations. Here we report an optical PUF designed for robustness against fluctuations in optical angular/spatial alignment, polarization, and temperature. This is achieved using an integrated quasicrystal interferometer (QCI) which sensitively probes disorder while: (1) ensuring all modes are engineered to exhibit approximately the same confinement factor in the predominant thermo-optic medium (e. g. silicon), and (2) constraining the transverse spatial-mode and polarization degrees of freedom. This demonstration unveils a new means for amplifying and harnessing the effects of ‘weak’ disorder in photonics and is an important and enabling step toward new generations of optics-enabled hardware and information security devices.

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Wang, Michelle, Cooper Doyle, Bryn Bell, Matthew J. Collins, Eric Magi, Benjamin J. Eggleton, Mordechai Segev, and Andrea Blanco-Redondo. "Topologically protected entangled photonic states." Nanophotonics 8, no. 8 (May 9, 2019): 1327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0058.

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AbstractEntangled multiphoton states lie at the heart of quantum information, computing, and communications. In recent years, topology has risen as a new avenue to robustly transport quantum states in the presence of fabrication defects, disorder, and other noise sources. Whereas topological protection of single photons and correlated photons has been recently demonstrated experimentally, the observation of topologically protected entangled states has thus far remained elusive. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the topological protection of spatially entangled biphoton states. We observe robustness in crucial features of the topological biphoton correlation map in the presence of deliberately introduced disorder in the silicon nanophotonic structure, in contrast with the lack of robustness in non-topological structures. The topological protection is shown to ensure the coherent propagation of the entangled topological modes, which may lead to robust propagation of quantum information in disordered systems.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Disordered photonic systems"

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Hang, Zhihong. "Experimental investigation on the effect of disorder in metallo-photonic band gap system /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?PHYS%202004%20HANG.

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Schneider, Michael Peter. "A theoretical framework for waveguide quantum electrodynamics and its application in disordered systems." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17415.

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Wellenleiter Quantenelektrodynamik (Wellenleiter QED) ist ein wichtiger Baustein in vielen zukünftigen, auf Quantenmechanik basierenden Technologien wie z.B. Quantencomputer. Ein typisches Modellsystem besteht aus einem Zwei-Niveau-System (two level system, TLS), das an einen eindimensionalen Wellenleiter gekoppelt wurde. Der Wellenleiter ist dabei durch eine Dispersionsrelation charakterisiert und kann unter anderem Bandkanten enthalten. Wir haben in der Dissertation einen neuartigen Zugang zur Wellenleiter QED präsentiert. Dieser Zugang basiert auf der Quantenfeldtheorie und ermöglicht die Berechnung Greenscher Funktionen im ein- und zwei-Anregungs Unterraum. Diese Greenschen Funktionen wurden benutzt um die Streumatrix und die spektrale Dichte in beiden Unterräumen zu berechnen. Desweiteren konnten wir mit Hilfe von Feynman-Diagrammen die physikalischen Prozesse in der Störungsreihe der Greenschen Funktionen identifizieren. Dies war besonders im zwei-Anregungs-Unterraum von Nutzen. In diesem Fall verhält sich das System nichtlinear, da das TLS nur eine Anregung absorbieren kann. Dadurch werden Effekte induziert wie photon bunching und die effiziente Anregung eines gebundenen Atom-Photon Zustandes. Es war uns möglich diese Effekte in der Störungsreihe der Greenschen Funktion wieder zu finden. Desweiteren haben wir die Greenschen Funktionen im Orts-Zeit-Raum benutzt um ein- und zwei-Photon-Wellenpakete zu propagieren. Es hat sich herausgestellt dass das Verhältnis von Pulsbreite zur spontanten Emissions-zeit sowohl das Streuverhalten als auch die maximale Anregung des TLS bestimmt. Letztendlich haben wir den Einfluss von Unordnung im Wellenleiter auf das Zerfallsverhalten des TLS untersucht. Wir haben entdeckt dass der gebundene Atom-Photon Zustand instabil wird sobald die Unordnung einen kritischen Wert erreicht. Darüberhinaus haben wir eine spezielle Klasse Feynman Diagramme identifiziert, die dem Zerfall eine nichtmarkovsche Dynamik verleihen.
Waveguide quantum electrodynamics (waveguide QED) can be considered as a building block for many prospective technologies like quantum computing. A prototypical system consists of a two-level system (TLS) coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. The waveguide is characterized by its dispersion relation and can also feature a band edge/slow-light regime. In this thesis we have presented a new theoretical framework for waveguide QED, based on quantum field theory. The framework provides the Green''s functions of the system in the single- and two-excitation sectors for an arbitrary dispersion relation. We have calculated the scattering matrix and the spectral density in both sectors. Furthermore, we have also represented the Green''s functions in the form of Feynman diagrams, from which we can identify the underlying physical processes. A special property of the system is that it behaves nonlinear in the case of two or more photons. This is rooted in the structure of the TLS, which can at most absorb one excitation. The nonlinearity leads to two effects: photon bunching and the efficient excitation of an atom-photon bound state. We have found both effects within our framework and we were able to assign them individual terms in the perturbation series of the Green''s function. Furthermore, we have used the Green''s function in space-time domain to propagate Gaussian one- and two-photon wavepackets. Here, we have identified the ratio of the pulsewidth and the spontaneous emission time as the parameter which governs both the scattering behavior of the photons and the maximal TLS excitation. Eventually, we have investigated the effects of disorder in the waveguide on the decay properties of the TLS. We have found here that the atom-photon bound state is stable for small disorder, but breaks down at sufficiently strong disorder. Furthermore, we have identified a special class of diagrams which render the system non-Markovian even for energies far away from the band edge.

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Ruess, Frank Joachim Physics Faculty of Science UNSW. "Atomically controlled device fabrication using STM." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Physics, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24855.

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We present the development of a novel, UHV-compatible device fabrication strategy for the realisation of nano- and atomic-scale devices in silicon by harnessing the atomic-resolution capability of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). We develop etched registration markers in the silicon substrate in combination with a custom-designed STM/ molecular beam epitaxy system (MBE) to solve one of the key problems in STM device fabrication ??? connecting devices, fabricated in UHV, to the outside world. Using hydrogen-based STM lithography in combination with phosphine, as a dopant source, and silicon MBE, we then go on to fabricate several planar Si:P devices on one chip, including control devices that demonstrate the efficiency of each stage of the fabrication process. We demonstrate that we can perform four terminal magnetoconductance measurements at cryogenic temperatures after ex-situ alignment of metal contacts to the buried device. Using this process, we demonstrate the lateral confinement of P dopants in a delta-doped plane to a line of width 90nm; and observe the cross-over from 2D to 1D magnetotransport. These measurements enable us to extract the wire width which is in excellent agreement with STM images of the patterned wire. We then create STM-patterned Si:P wires with widths from 90nm to 8nm that show ohmic conduction and low resistivities of 1 to 20 micro Ohm-cm respectively ??? some of the highest conductivity wires reported in silicon. We study the dominant scattering mechanisms in the wires and find that temperature-dependent magnetoconductance can be described by a combination of both 1D weak localisation and 1D electron-electron interaction theories with a potential crossover to strong localisation at lower temperatures. We present results from STM-patterned tunnel junctions with gap sizes of 50nm and 17nm exhibiting clean, non-linear characteristics. We also present preliminary conductance results from a 70nm long and 90nm wide dot between source-drain leads which show evidence of Coulomb blockade behaviour. The thesis demonstrates the viability of using STM lithography to make devices in silicon down to atomic-scale dimensions. In particular, we show the enormous potential of this technology to directly correlate images of the doped regions with ex-situ electrical device characteristics.

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CASELLI, NICCOLO'. "Imaging and engineering optical localized modes at the nanoscale." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1022507.

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Two-dimensional photonic crystal cavities fabricated on semiconductor slab are the state of the art devices to strongly localize electromagnetic fields in volumes below a cubic optical wavelength of light, thus acting as effcient nano-resonators. The high quality factor of two-dimensional photonic crystal cavities allows these systems to reach the strong coupling regime between the photonic localized mode and a two level quantum emitter. However, a fundamental request to maximize these effects is the precise positioning of the light source in the exact maximum spot of the localized modes. Moreover, when systems of interacting resonators are conceived, a basic condition to be satisfied is the precise control on the overlap between adjacent elements to induce an effective coupling. The sub-wavelength imaging of the electromagnetic fields localized in optical nano-resonators is therefore of the utmost relevance in the road map to integrate photonic nano-resonators in chipset architectures. In order to experimentally achieve this goal we need to overcome the resolution limitations that are imposed by light diffraction to any standard microscope, as reported in Chapter (1). In this Chapter we also investigate and review the more commonly methods employed to achieve a sub-wavelength spatial resolution. In particular, we describe the principle of operation of the scanning near-field optical microscope. In Chapter (2) we describe the basic properties of light confinement in photonic crystal nanocavities and also in optical nano-resonators based on disordered arrangements of light scatterers, where multiple scattering regime gives rise to randomly placed nanocavities. In particular, we illustrate how, on one hand, near-field techniques can experimentally probe the e.m. optical fields localized at the nanoscale and, on the other hand, how finite elements numerical calculations can simulate the behaviour of light in such nano-resonators. In Chapter (3), by exploiting the scanning near-field probe perturbation imaging technique, we report the sub-wavelength mapping of the electric or magnetic localized field component of light using dielectric tapered probes or aperture metal coated probes, respectively. The advent of artificial metamaterials operating at optical frequencies, in which the magnetic interaction with light can be as relevant as the electric response, makes it straightforward to simultaneously detect both the e.m. field components. Therefore, here we develop a plasmonic-based near-field probe to strongly enhance the collection efficiency from light-emitting nano-structures and, more interestingly, to achieve an ultra-bright and sub-wavelength simultaneous detection of both the resonant electric and magnetic fields. Photoluminescence based imaging methods, however, require optically active samples with the constrain of a spectral and spatial matching between the photonic mode and the light sources, which may suer of bleaching or blinking. Therefore, a pure optical method that can be applied on any kind of high quality factor nano-resonators to retrieve the confined modes distributions is actually missing. In order to achieve this goal we investigate the localized nanophotonic modes by developing a different approach. The presented experimental method, as reported in Chapter (4), combines scanning near-field optical microscopy with resonant scattering spectroscopy, and it is called Fano-imaging. This technique largely extends the investigation of nanoscale localized light states, since it is applicable to nano-resonators based on any kind of material, even where light sources cannot be embedded. Moreover, resonant scattering experiments exhibit spectral Fano resonances, which correspond to the interference between light directly scattered from the sample and light scattered after being resonantly coupled tothe localized mode. From the detailed analysis of Fano lineshapes it is possible to retrieve a deep sub-wavelength imaging of both the electric field intensity and the electric field spatial phase distribution, polarization resolved. Thus, we obtain unprecedented local information about the resonant light states. In Chapter (5) we deeply investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, systems composed by coupled nano-resonators, called “photonic molecules”. In fact, light behaviour in system based on multiple aligned photonic crystal nanocavities resembles the molecular interaction where the resulting normal modes exhibit energy splitting and spatial delocalization. This condition is achieved by an evanescent photon tunnelling, which occurs whenever the resonant wavelength matching condition and the electromagnetic field spatial overlap between them are fulfilled. These structures represent a large research topic also for quantum optics. However, a fundamental requirement to create proper quantum-optics devices is the design and control of adjacent nanocavity modes at the target wavelengths, within an accuracy which is not directly obtainable due to the fabrication tolerances. The compensation of the fluctuations related to the structural disorder and, more generally, the control of the resonance wavelength of each resonator and also of the tunnelling coefficient between adjacent nanocavities is a primary task to be achieved for developing efficient operating devices. In our analysis, we compare the interaction strength and the mode symmetry character of photonic molecules aligned along different lattice symmetry directions and composed by two or three photonic crystal nanocavities. Moreover, we theoretically evaluate the proper set of parameters to efficiently act on the coupling strength at the fabrication level or even with post-growing techniques. In particular, we develop a laser-assisted local oxidation of the dielectric environment in which the photonic cavities are fabricated. This oxidation induces a smooth and irreversible spectral shift of the resonant modes confined at the laser spot location. Therefore, the spatial selectivity of the postfabrication technique is exploited not only to adjust the resonant wavelength of a given nano-resonator to a target value, but, more strikingly, to modify the coupling strength in photonic molecules. Finally, by comparing the case of two and three nano-resonators we investigate the nearest-neighbour and next-nearest-neighbour coupling in array of photonic molecules. The last part of the thesis deals with the engineering of light states localized in strongly scattering disordered media, as reported in Chapter (6). Light behaviour in complex disordered systems attracts a lot of attention by fundamental physics as well as by technological applications involved in imaging through turbid media such as fog, clouds or living tissues. The occurrence of localized states in disordered media is a well-established phenomenon traced back to Anderson localization for electrons. However, the interaction between adjacent light sates driven by disorder has still to be completely understood and experimentally investigated. In Chapter (6) we demonstrate the possibility to engineer the confinement and the mutual interaction of modes in a two-dimensional disordered photonic structure. On one hand, the strong light confinement is achieved at the fabrication stage by an optimization of the design parameters. On the other hand, exploiting the accurate and local post-fabrication laser oxidation, we probe the interaction between overlapping localized modes, thereby paving the way for the creation of open transmission channels in strongly scattering media.

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Bendix, Oliver. "Transport in nicht-hermiteschen niedrigdimensionalen Systemen." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B542-6.

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Books on the topic "Disordered photonic systems"

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America, Optical Society of, and Laser Institute of America, eds. Advances in optical imaging and photon migration: March 8-11, 1998, Sheraton World Resort Orlando, Orlando, Florida. Washington, DC: The Society, 1998.

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Chadwick, David, Alastair Compston, Michael Donaghy, Nicholas Fletcher, Robert Grant, David Hilton-Jones, Martin Rossor, Peter Rothwell, and Neil Scolding. Investigations. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0100.

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This chapter describes the many methods that can be used to investigate neurological disorders. The application and suitability for specific disorder types are outlined, as are contraindications for use. Methods of imaging the central nervous system include computed tomography (CT) imaging, several magnetic resonance (MR) scanning methods, Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Invasive (angiography) and non-invasive methods of imaging the cerebral circulation are also outlined.The standard method of recording electrical activity of the brain is the electroencephalogram (EEG), which is heavily used in epilepsy to investigate regions of epileptogenesis.Other investigations described include evoked potentials, nerve conduction and electromyography studies, the examination of cerebrospinal fluid and the diagnostic use of neurological autoantibodies. Finally, neurogenetics, neuropsychological assessment and the assessment of treatments by randomized trials are discussed.

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Book chapters on the topic "Disordered photonic systems"

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van Rossum, M. C. W., Th M. Nieuwenhuizen, E. Hofstetter, and M. Schreiber. "Band Tails in a Disordered System." In Photonic Band Gaps and Localization, 509–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1606-8_40.

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Johansen, Villads Egede, Olimpia Domitilla Onelli, Lisa Maria Steiner, and Silvia Vignolini. "Photonics in Nature: From Order to Disorder." In Biologically-Inspired Systems, 53–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74144-4_3.

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Freilikher, Valentin. "1-D Disordered System with Absorption as a Model of Real Media of Propagation." In Photonic Band Gaps and Localization, 471–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1606-8_36.

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Wiel, W. G., T. H. Oosterkamp, S. Franceschi, C. J. P. M. Harmans, and L. P. Kouwenhoven. "Photon Assisted Tunneling in Quantum Dots." In Strongly Correlated Fermions and Bosons in Low-Dimensional Disordered Systems, 43–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0530-2_3.

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McGurn, Arthur R. "Disordered systems: site impurities and random media." In Introduction to Nonlinear Optics of Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials (Second Edition). IOP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-3579-9ch10.

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Barlow, Richard J. "Lasers and flashlamps in the treatment of skin disorders." In Oxford Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, edited by Nigel Mercer and Mark Soldin, 1347—C12.3.S46. Oxford University PressOxford, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682874.003.0175.

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Abstract ‘Laser’ is the acronym for ‘light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation’. An atom or molecule can be excited (elevated to a higher energy level) by an external power source to absorb energy in the form of a photon (a quantum of electromagnetic radiation or light). Spontaneous emission refers to subsequent loss of this photon whereas stimulated emission refers to loss of the photon when the atom is perturbed by another incident photon. The latter isn’t absorbed and the atom therefore emits two photons, each with the same wavelength and phase. It is this property which allows light amplification and the production of a laser system.

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Kinoshita, S., and Y. Kanematsu. "Linear and Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy of Molecules in Disordered Systems." In Advances in Multi-Photon Processes and Spectroscopy, 3–141. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812798459_0001.

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Robertson, Chelsea L., Steven M. Berman, and Edythe D. London. "Molecular Imaging in Addictive Disorders." In Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Antonello Bonci and Nora D. Volkow, 716–18. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199934959.003.0054.

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Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have helped reveal the neural circuits and transmitters involved in addiction. From vulnerability factors and acute pharmacological responses topersistent behavioral states that represent important therapeutic targets, PET and SPECT imaging have contributed to the delineation of several mechanisms by which substance dependence develops in humans. Commonalities across addictive disorders include dopaminergic deficits and corticolimbic dysfunction that can lead to imbalance between responses to imminent rewards and inhibitory control, promoting maladaptive behaviors. Despite progress, the field is limited by a need for additional neurochemical probes for relatively unexplored but relevant systems, such as those involving glutamate, kappa-opioid and cannabinoid receptors.

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Ali Raza Naqvi, Syed, and Muhammad Babar Imran. "Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Radiopharmaceuticals." In Medical Isotopes. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93449.

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Nuclear medicine techniques have a great deal of advantage of using gamma radiation emitter radiolabeled compounds to diagnose the long list of infectious and malignant disorders in human systems. The gamma emitter radionuclide-labeled compounds are associated with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) camera. SPECT camera mainly offers the detection and analysis of gamma rays origin to furnish the imaging of defective organs in the body. There are about 85% radiopharmaceuticals in clinical practice which are being detected by SPECT camera. The following chapter is an update about the SPECT radiopharmaceuticals that were developed and tried for infection and cancer diagnosis.

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Ali Raza Naqvi, Syed, and Muhammad Babar Imran. "Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Radiopharmaceuticals." In Medical Isotopes. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93449.

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Nuclear medicine techniques have a great deal of advantage of using gamma radiation emitter radiolabeled compounds to diagnose the long list of infectious and malignant disorders in human systems. The gamma emitter radionuclide-labeled compounds are associated with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) camera. SPECT camera mainly offers the detection and analysis of gamma rays origin to furnish the imaging of defective organs in the body. There are about 85% radiopharmaceuticals in clinical practice which are being detected by SPECT camera. The following chapter is an update about the SPECT radiopharmaceuticals that were developed and tried for infection and cancer diagnosis.

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Conference papers on the topic "Disordered photonic systems"

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Cerjan, Alexander, Sheng Huang, Mohan Wang, Kevin P. Chen, and Mikael C. Rechtsman. "Thouless Pumping in Disordered Photonic Systems." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2020.fm1a.6.

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Churkin, Dmitry V., Ilya Vatnik, Alexey Tikan, and Andrey Sukhorukov. "Localization in disordered potential in photonic lattice realized in time domain." In Laser Components, Systems, and Applications, edited by Lan Jiang, Shibin Jiang, Lijun Wang, and Long Zhang. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2285481.

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Moritake, Yuto, Takuo Tanaka, and Masaya Notomi. "Fabrication and characterization of zig-zag chains with photonic topological edges states." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2019.18p_e208_3.

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Recently, stimulated by discovery of topological phases of matter, research fields utilizing topological nature of systems has attracted a lot of attention. In photonics, photonic topological insulators mimicking topological insulators in material science have been proposed and demonstrated, leading to emergence of “topological photonics.” Photonic topological insulators were realized by using photonic crystals [1] and metamaterials [2], and exhibit exotic properties such as robustness against disorder and spin-locked non-dissipative propagation, which can be understood by analogies with topological insulators.

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Dogariu, Aristide. "Optics and Photonics of Disordered Systems." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2013.fm4c.6.

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Miyake, Hirokazu, Sabyasachi Bank, Wade DeGottardi, Edo Waks, and Mohammad Hafezi. "Observation of Edge States in Nanoscale Topological Photonic Crystals." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.8a_a409_8.

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Topological photonics is a burgeoning subfield of optics, inspired by the discovery of topological insulators in condensed matter [1]. A striking feature of such materials is the existence of edge modes robust against disorder. Such modes are particularly attractive for chip-scale nanophotonic systems for telecommunications [2]. Another appeal is that directional edge states can be interfaced with quantum emitters to realize novel many-body systems such as the fractional quantum Hall state [3]. Building upon previous work [4], we present a new design for an all-dielectric nanoscale topological photonic crystal and present experimental results consistent with the existence of edge states.

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Bhattacharjee, Paraj T., Netanel H. Lindner, Mikael C. Rechtsman, and Gil Refael. "Disorder-induced Floquet Topological Insulators in Photonic Systems." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2014.fth3c.6.

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Rohlig, David, Eduard Kuhn, Angela Thranhardt, Thomas Otto, and Thomas Blaudeck. "The Role of Disorder in Elementary Photonic Components." In 2022 Smart Systems Integration (SSI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901424.

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Zhu, J. X., P. M. Chaikin, Li Min, W. B. Russel, W. V. Meyer, and Richard B. Rogers. "The Structure and Dynamics of Hard Sphere Colloidal Crystals under Micro-Gravity with Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering." In Photon Correlation and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pcs.1996.thd.1.

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We use quasi-elastic light scattering to study the structure and dynamics of concentrated hard sphere colloidal suspensions in microgravity. The hard sphere system is the simplest and the most fundamental model system in condensed matter physics. At low volume fractions, ϕ < 0.494, the system is in a disordered state. At ϕ greater than 0.494, the system becomes ordered. Ground based studies of the crystalline phase are subject to sedimentation due to gravity. This paper reports the first experiment of a series planned for microgravity, the NASA Colloidal Order-Disorder Transition (CDOT) project conducted in the glovebox of the Second United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML2) which flew on board space shuttle Columbia from October 20 to November 5 in 1995. A detailed hardware description will be given by another paper. This paper is concerned with the scientific aspects of the experiments.

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Li, Yuan, and Xiankai Sun. "Anisotropic Dirac cone and slow edge states in a photonic Floquet lattice." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2022.ftu1b.5.

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We have proposed a photonic Floquet lattice that supports anisotropic Dirac cones and topological edge states. Under the anisotropic condition, these slow edge states exhibit robustness against disorder, which enable new applications in slow-light systems.

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Gentilini, Silvia, and Claudio Conti. "Optomechanics of random media: Large scale massively-parallel analysis of optical pressure in disordered systems." In 2015 Photonics North. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pn.2015.7292486.

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