Journal articles: 'Disorder system'

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&NA;. "Multithronamal System Disorder." Current Opinion in Endocrinology and Diabetes 4, no. 2 (April 1997): B64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00060793-199704000-00018.

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Ogoshi, Yasuhiro, Sakiko Ogoshi, Tohru Saitoh, Yukie Saitoh, Yoichi Itoh, Masahiro Wakamatu, Tomoyuki Kanno, and Hiroshi Hongo. "Proof of Concept: ICT System PicotTo for Individual Education Support." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 14, no. 3 (August 2022): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1198.

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Children requiring special support are increasing in Japan. In April 2016, the government of Japan enacted a law supporting disabled people, which stipulates giving them reasonable consideration. This law mandates supporting children with special needs in all Japanese schools. Many children diagnosed with one or more developmental disabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit disorder (ADD), hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning disability (LD), often struggle in school. Children with developmental disorders require special support to help them in many aspects of life, and individual educational support is crucial. We developed a collaborative system for managing developmental disorders using ICT that can be utilized by teachers, parents, and supporters. This study demonstrated and tested this system (PicotTo). We also evaluated using the system through a case study.

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Chaij, Jasmine M., George Golovko, Juquan Song, Steven E. Wolf, Amina El Ayadi, Kendall Wermine, Sunny Gotewal, et al. "123 Sleep Disorder Is Associated with Neuropsychological Disturbances in Burn Survivals." Journal of Burn Care & Research 43, Supplement_1 (March 23, 2022): S80—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac012.125.

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Abstract Introduction Prior studies explored neuropsychological disorders in the context of burn severity; however, the relationship between occurrence after burn and sleep has not been investigated. This study aims to determine if patients that developed a first-time sleep disorder after burn injury are more likely to develop a psychological or nervous system disorder within 10 years after injury. Methods We identified burn patients on the TriNetX database, a federated research network of de-identified patient data. We formed two groups, those with first time sleep disorder diagnosis on or after the incidence of burn injury and those with no first-time sleep disorder diagnosis on or after burn. Groups were propensity matched to evaluate incidence of nervous system and mental disorders and characteristics, defined as bipolar disorder, epilepsy, neuropathy disorders, and 52 other neuropsychological disorders. Diagnoses of nervous system disorder and mental disorder were limited to after the burn injury and within the 10-year time frame. We analyzed data using a z-test with a p < 0.05 considered significant. Results We found 7.83% of patients developed a first-time sleep disorder after burn injury. The population was older (43.9 ± 20.8 vs. 31.7 ± 22.4 yrs), female (51.13% vs. 46.10%), and White (70.02% vs 60.24%) when compared to those without sleep disorders (p< 0.05). Those who experienced a first-time sleep disorder after burn presented a greater risk of developing the mental, central nervous system, and peripheral nervous system disorders when compared to those who did not. Eating disorders, persistent mood disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorders were 4.54, 95% CI [3.65, 5.65]; 3.84, 95% CI [3.49, 4.22], and 3.94, 95% CI [3.13, 4.97] times higher, respectively, in patients who developed a first-time sleep disorder (p< 0.05). Anxiety-related disorders were also more than 3 times more likely in those who developed a sleep disorder after burn (p< 0.05).Central nervous system disorders were related to sleep disorder post burn. Extrapyramidal and movement disorders were more than 3 times more likely to occur in sleep disorder patients (Extrapyramidal and movement disorder, unspecified 95% CI [2.48, 4.63] and Other extrapyramidal and movement disorders 95% CI [3.17, 3.78]. In regard to peripheral nervous system disturbances, restless leg syndrome was more than 4 times more likely to occur in patients that developed a first time sleep disorder after burn injury 95% CI [3.70, 4.65]. Polyneuropathy was also 2.28 more times likely to occur 95% CI [2.12, 2.47]. Conclusions Mental disorders and various central nervous system and peripheral nervous system disturbances are highly associated with identification of sleep disorders after burn. This finding suggests close monitoring for sleep in those who were burned to optimize outcomes.

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Hikmawan, Ahmad Sarif, Eko Prasetyo, and Rifki Fahrial Zainal. "Design of Mental Disorder Consultation System with Decision Tree Method." JEECS (Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences) 4, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 547–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54732/jeecs.v4i1.126.

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level or category of disorders suffered by patients, so patients can be dealt with quickly according to the level of the disorder they suffer. Diagnosing the level of mental disorders using the expert system will record the symptoms of the patient and will diagnose the level of the disorder based on the knowledge obtained from an expert, the mental disorder expert system uses the Decision Tree method. in general is a system that seeks to adopt human knowledge to computers, so that computers can solve problems as they are usually done by experts or before consulting a psychologist without reducing the expert role of the psychologist or in other words expert systems are systems that are designed and implemented with help certain programming languages to be able to solve problems as experts do quickly and efficiently. It is hoped that with this system, lay people can be more sensitive in recognizing the level of psychiatry in person. As for the experts of this system can be used as an assistant or supporting the performance of psychologist officers. Based on the results of the system tests that have been done, the accuracy of 97.5% results and system error 2.5% and the percentage of each diagnosis, 32% psychosis, 27% Neurosis, 17% Learning Soldered, 12% Juvenile Delinquency and Growth Flower 10%.

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Višňovský, Jozef, Ján Praško Pavlov, Jakub Vaněk, Jonáš Boček, Vlastimil Nesnídal, and Marie Ocisková. "Panic disorder and autonomic nervous system." Psychiatrie pro praxi 24, no. 1 (April 12, 2023): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/psy.2023.001.

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Little, John Duncan. "Schizophrenia: A multi-system disorder?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 49, no. 4 (February 17, 2015): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867415573058.

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OGIHARA, TATSUO, and NOBUHIRO SATO. "Psychosomatic disorder in digestive system." Juntendo Medical Journal 38, no. 4 (1993): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.38.485.

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Kusuma, Ricky Perdana, and Chairun Nas. "Expert System to Diagnose Mental Health Disorders Using the Dempster Shafer Algorithm." Journal of Information Systems and Informatics 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2023): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.51519/journalisi.v5i1.461.

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This study aims to address the challenge of diagnosing mental disorders by using an expert system to provide accurate and efficient diagnosis. Mental health is crucial for achieving harmony in life, and the ability to face problems, feel happiness, and maintain positivity are all essential aspects of this. However, diagnosing mental disorders can be difficult and time-consuming, as symptoms may vary depending on the patient's condition and lifestyle. The study utilizes symptom data from 30 patients with 6 types of mental disorders, with each symptom assigned a weighted value of belief for the corresponding disorder. The Dempster Shafer algorithm is then used to process this data and obtain a total confidence value for each disorder. The results show a 97% confidence value for the patient's mental disorder, which can help psychologists make informed decisions and provide appropriate treatment.

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K, Sairam, Naren J, Vithya G, and Srivathsan S. "Computer Aided System for Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Deep Learning Methods." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i1/pr190254.

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Okmayura, Finanta, Vitriani Vitriani, and Melly Novalia. "Dempster Shafer Algorithm For Expert System Early Detection of Anxiety Disorders." Lontar Komputer : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi 12, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/lkjiti.2021.v12.i02.p05.

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Anxiety is an excessive anxiety disorder that is often found in psychology. Some people generally do not realize that they may have symptoms of this anxiety disorder. If ignored and continued continuously, it can interfere with one's activities, reduce academic achievement, and disrupt psychological conditions that affect their lives. This expert system for early detection of anxiety disorders is carried out using forward chaining tracing techniques to explore the knowledge base, and the inference motor is the Dempster Shafer algorithm. Dempster Shafer calculation is done by combining symptom pieces to calculate the possibility of the anxiety disorder. This anxiety disorder detection system is built on the web. Then the test is carried out by comparing the value generated by the system with the value generated by two experts. The test results prove that the value generated by the system has a similarity of 85% to the value produced by the two experts. It can be concluded that implementing the Dempster Shafer algorithm for this expert system in the early detection of anxiety disorders is feasible.

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Bernstein, David P., Cuneyt Iscan, and Jack Maser. "Opinions of Personality Disorder Experts Regarding TheDSM-IVPersonality Disorders Classification System." Journal of Personality Disorders 21, no. 5 (October 2007): 536–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2007.21.5.536.

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Frangou, S. "Functional Imaging Studies of the Limbic System." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70406-7.

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Current models for mood disorders and particularly bipolar disorder focus on increaesed activation within the limbic system coupled with reduced inhibitory control from the prefrontal cortex. This presentation will focus on functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that highlight limbic-prefrontal interactions in Mood Disorders and on the potential effect of antidepressants and mood stablisers on these neural networks.

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Okmayura, Finanta, Vitriani Vitriani, and Melly Novalia. "DESIGN OF EXPERT SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFY ANXIETY DISORDER USING FORWARD CHAINING." Jurnal Riset Informatika 3, no. 3 (June 6, 2021): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34288/jri.v3i3.246.

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Anxiety is an excessive anxiety disorder in psychology. People are basically not aware that they may have symptoms of this anxiety disorder in each of them. And if not treated as soon as possible can interfere with a person's psychological condition. It may seem trivial but this disorder can reduce performance so that it has an impact on a person's life. To overcome this problem, we need an expert system that can identify anxiety disorders. This system is designed using UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagram modeling. The purpose of this UML modeling is to describe the user's needs for the system and what things can be done by the system, so that with this UML modeling the entire system picture can be seen. The UML modeling for the expert system for early identification of anxiety disorders is expected to be a tool that can assist the process of making the system, where people can check whether they suffer from anxiety disorders or not to consult a psychologist.

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Mai, Thi Nu, and Nguyen Hoang Phuong. "Improving the fuzzy expert system for diagnosing depressive disorders." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 60, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 1149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/16896.

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This paper presents an improving knowledge base and inference engine of a medical expert system for diagnosing depressive disorders. This medical expert system calls PORUL.DEP. PORUL.DEP’s knowledge base includes more than 850 positive rules. PORUL.DEP has been tested on more than 260 medical records of depressed patients. PORUL.DEP gives a correct diagnosis of more than 95% with light depressive disorder and without depressive disorder, but the remaining depressive disorders are not accurate. Average percent of more than 24 %. A new expert system, called STRESSDIAG, was developed on combining positive rules (for confirmation of conclusion) and negative rules (for exclusion of conclusion) for diagnosing depressive disorders. STRESSDIAG’s knowledge base consists of more than 850 positive rules of PORUL.DEP and more than 120 negative rules. Abelian group operation of Mycin is used to improve the inference engine based on fuzzy relations. STRESSDIAG gives the correct diagnosis of more than 76% with 4 depressive disorders types and without depressive disorders. Average percent of more than 82 %, up nearly 60% compared to PORUL.DEP.

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Malik, Syed, Bradley F. Boeve, Lois E. Krahn, and Michael H. Silber. "Narcolepsy associated with other central nervous system disorders: Table 1." Neurology 57, no. 3 (August 14, 2001): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.57.3.539.

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The authors identified patients with the coexistence of narcolepsy and another CNS disorder seen between 1975 and 1998 at their institution. Eighteen patients were identified, nine with narcolepsy commencing within 1 year before or after the other disorder. Seven patients (39%) had hypothalamic–pituitary syndromes. When they occur together, narcolepsy and other CNS disorders frequently emerge at about the same time, suggesting a causative relationship. Hypothalamic–pituitary pathology was the most common association.

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Sara, G., P. Raven, and A. Mann. "A comparison of DSM-III-R and ICD-10 personality disorder criteria in an out-patient population." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 1 (January 1996): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700033791.

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SynopsisThis study reports the results of a comparison of DSM-III-R and ICD-10 personality disorder criteria by application of both sets of criteria to the same group of patients. Despite the clinical relevance of these disorders and the need for reliable diagnostic criteria, such a comparison has not previously been reported. DSM-III-R and ICD-10 have converged in their classification of personality disorders, but some important differences between the two systems remain. Personality disorder diagnoses from both systems were obtained in 52 out-patients, using the Standardized Assessment of Personality (SAP), a brief, informant-based interview which yields diagnoses in both DSM-III-R and ICD-10. For individual personality disorder diagnoses, agreement between systems was limited. Thirty-four subjects received a personality disorder diagnosis that had an equivalent form in both systems, but only 10 subjects (29%) received the same primary diagnosis in each system. There was a difference in rate of diagnosis, with ICD-10 making significantly more personality disorder diagnoses. The lower diagnostic threshold of the ICD-10 contributed most of this effect. Further modifications in ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research (DCR) and DSM-IV to the personality disorder category have been considered. The omission in DSM-IV of three categories unique to that system and the raising of the threshold in ICD-10 DCR, do seem to have been helpful in promoting convergence.

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Panchal, Sunil K., and Lindsay Brown. "Potential Benefits of Anthocyanins in Chronic Disorders of the Central Nervous System." Molecules 28, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010080.

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Anthocyanins have been shown to be effective in chronic diseases because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects together with changes in the gut microbiota and modulation of neuropeptides such as insulin-like growth factor-1. This review will examine whether these mechanisms may be effective to moderate the symptoms of disorders of the central nervous system in humans, including schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorder, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy. Thus, anthocyanins from fruits and berries should be considered as complementary interventions to improve these chronic disorders.

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Yenila, Firna, and Yogi Wiyandra. "Expert System Eating Disorder To Youth With The Hybrid Method." SinkrOn 4, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v4i1.10172.

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The research aims to provide information for the wider community about bulimia nervosa that often afflicts the community especially teenagers. Bulimia nervosa is one type of psychiatric disorder that is habitual that has ingrained from the community itself. No people understand the symptoms or indications of eating disorder in adolescents, and not infrequently among sufferers not doing direct treatment or looking for a direct solution to this disorder. To communicate with doctors also have constraints with time and confusion about what is to be conveyed. Expert system is a solution, this system is able to provide information to researchers about eating disorders in adolescents and provide solutions like a doctor or nutrition expert. It was built using by hybrid method which combines certainty factors and forward chaining.

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Ushakova, Tatyana, Tatyana Derezina, Ivan Kapelist, and Anna Fomina. "Diagnostic algorithm for comorbidity of babesiosis and dirofilariasis in dogs, taking into account the correlation of redox homeostasis and morphofunctional disorders of the hepatorenal and cardiopulmonary systems." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127302022.

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Activation of lipid peroxidation due to a disorder of redox homeostasis in dogs with comorbidity of babesiosis and dirofilariasis causes the involvement of not only the components of the hepatorenal system, but also the cardiopulmonary system in the pathological process against the background of the development of intoxication and hypoxic phenomena in hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. As a result of the conducted biochemical studies of the blood of sick animals, it was found that the degree of redox homeostasis disorders directly correlates with the nature of morphofunctional disorders of the hepatorenal and cardiopulmonary systems, and the degree of these changes in the systems has an inverse correlation and is determined by the release of cytosolic enzymes into the blood. The involvement of the components of the hepatobiliary system in the pathological process is accompanied by a disorder of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and pigment metabolism.

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Bandelow, Borwin. "Comparison of the DSM–5 and ICD–10: panic and other anxiety disorders." CNS Spectrums 22, no. 5 (February 8, 2017): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852917000116.

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Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders and are associated with substantial healthcare costs and a high burden of disease. In this article, changes in the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (the DSM–5) with respect to panic disorder/agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobias, and selective mutism are compared with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD–10) system.

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Zaks, Nina, Anita Batuure, Emma Lin, Anna-Sophie Rommel, Abraham Reichenberg, Dorothy Grice, Veerle Bergink, Nathan S. Fox, Behrang Mahjani, and Magdalena Janecka. "Association Between Mental Health and Reproductive System Disorders in Women." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 4 (April 18, 2023): e238685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8685.

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ImportanceReproductive system and mental health disorders are commonly comorbid in women. Although the causes of this overlap remain elusive, evidence suggests potential shared environmental and genetic factors associated with risk.ObjectiveTo investigate the comorbidity between psychiatric and reproductive system disorders, both as broad diagnostic categories and among specific pairs of diagnoses.Data SourcePubMed.Study SelectionObservational studies published between January 1980 and December 2019 assessing prevalence of psychiatric disorders in women with reproductive system disorders and prevalence of reproductive system disorders in women with psychiatric disorders were included. The study did not include psychiatric and reproductive disorders triggered by life events (eg, trauma, infection, surgery) to address potential confounding.Data Extraction and SynthesisA search yielded 1197 records, of which 50 met the inclusion criteria for the qualitative and 31 for the quantitative synthesis in our study. A random-effects model was used for data synthesis and Egger test and I2 to assess study bias and heterogeneity. Data were analyzed from January to December 2022. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPsychiatric and reproductive system disorders.ResultsA total of 1197 records were identified, of which 50 met the inclusion criteria for qualitative and 31 for quantitative synthesis. Diagnosis of a reproductive system disorder was associated with a 2- to 3-fold increased odds of having a psychiatric disorder (lower bound odds ratio [OR], 2.00; 95% CI, 1.41-2.83; upper bound OR; 2.88; 95% CI, 2.21-3.76). The analysis focused on specific diagnoses described in the literature and found that polycystic ovary syndrome was associated with increased odds of depression (population-based studies OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.19-2.45; clinical studies OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.57-4.23) and anxiety (population-based studies OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.36-2.10; clinical studies OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.98-4.09). Chronic pelvic pain was also associated with both depression (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.81-8.46) and anxiety (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.33-4.08). Few studies investigated risk of other reproductive system disorders in women with psychiatric disorders, or reverse associations (risk of reproductive system disorder among women with a psychiatric diagnosis).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, a high rate of reported co-occurrence between psychiatric and reproductive disorders overall was observed. However, data for many disorder pairs were limited. The available literature focused overwhelmingly on affective disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome, overlooking a substantial portion of disease overlap. As such, the associations between the majority of mental health outcomes and conditions of the female reproductive system are largely unknown.

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Bhutani, Saumya, and Damir Huremovic. "Folie a Deux: Shared Psychotic Disorder in a Medical Unit." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2021 (September 25, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5520101.

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Introduction. A shared psychotic disorder is a system of delusions shared by two or more individuals. Shared psychotic disorders typically develop in pairs or groups with a close relationship who are socially isolated. The function and affect of those inflicted with shared psychotic disorders usually remain intact. For these reasons, a shared psychotic disorder is seldom identified, diagnosed, and treated. This case describes a shared psychotic disorder incidentally discovered in a medical unit. Case. The patient was a 47-year-old woman with no known past psychiatric history who had been medically admitted for gastroenteritis. On the day of discharge, a psychiatric consult was requested for “paranoia and bizarre behavior.” The patient was seen making statements that she needed security and the FBI to escort her as she left the hospital. Another person in the patient’s room was discovered to be the patient’s mother who had been staying with her in the hospital. Evaluation of the patient along with observation of her mother revealed that the two shared a complex system of delusions revealing a diagnosis of shared psychotic disorder. Discussion. A shared psychotic disorder is a unique psychiatric diagnosis. It may be even rarer to diagnose in the inpatient medical setting because multiple individuals from a shared system are typically not seen. In this case, the patient and her mother had multiple clinical characteristics of a shared psychotic disorder, including an enmeshed relationship and social isolation. The treatment for shared psychotic disorders involves separation of the individuals and pharmacotherapy with antipsychotics. This case also presented a unique ethical dilemma as the psychiatric team was called to evaluate a patient and found a patient and another individual to have symptoms. Conclusion. A shared psychotic disorder is important to consider on the differential when cases of psychosis with delusional systems are seen on medical floors.

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Deressa, Zeleke, and P. Singh. "Disorder-Induced Superconductor-Insulator Transition." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2020 (July 15, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2021576.

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In this paper, we report the results of our theoretical investigation on the interplay of superconductivity and disorder in two-dimensional (2D) systems. The effect of disorder on superconductivity of 2D systems was found analytically using Green’s function formalism. The results of our calculation revealed that disorder induced due to randomly distributed superconducting islands enhances decoherence of Cooper pairs and suppresses superconductivity. We have also determined the critical value of disorder at which the 2D system completely loses its superconducting properties. Below this critical value of disorder, the system acts as a superconductor, a system with zero electrical resistance. Above the critical value, it acts as an insulator, a system with infinite electric resistance. This is a fascinating result because a direct transition from the state of the infinite conductivity to the opposite extreme of infinite resistivity is unexpected in the theory of condensed matter physics.

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NAGAI, Nobuo. "Coagulation/Fibriolytic system and vascular disorder." Japanese Journal of Thrombosis and Hemostasis 22, no. 1 (2011): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2491/jjsth.22.41.

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Watanabe, Noboru. "Developmental disorder and stress check system." Stress Science Research 30 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5058/stresskagakukenkyu.30.1.

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South, Nigel, Rose Smith, and Gill Green. "Mental health, social order, system disorder." Criminal Justice Matters 61, no. 1 (September 2005): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627250508553422.

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Schmittmann, B., and K. E. Bassler. "Frozen Disorder in a Driven System." Physical Review Letters 77, no. 17 (October 21, 1996): 3581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.3581.

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Mannes, Katrin, and Paul S. Thomas. "Sarcoidosis: rarely a single system disorder." Breathe 16, no. 4 (December 2020): 200207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0207-2020.

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Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease with a number of extrapulmonary manifestations, rarely limited to a single system. The objective of this review is to provide a overview of the systemic features of sarcoidosis and their surveillance.Sarcoidosis is disease that can affect any organ system, resulting in a number of complications that can cause significant morbidity and mortality, including ophthalmological and cardiac complications. A number of investigations play a role in identifying manifestations of sarcoidosis. Respiratory physicians have an important role to play in identifying complications and monitoring patients with sarcoidosis, as they may be the first to encounter them.

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Griez, E. J. L. "Panic disorder and the respiratory system." Biological Psychiatry 42, no. 1 (July 1997): 197S—198S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(97)87732-3.

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Burke, Katie. "Down Syndrome, the Immune System Disorder." American Scientist 106, no. 1 (2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2018.106.1.11.

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Arjmand, Shokouh, Mina Behzadi, Kristi A. Kohlmeier, Shahrzad Mazhari, Abdolreza Sabahi, and Mohammad Shabani. "Bipolar disorder and the endocannabinoid system." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 31, no. 04 (June 4, 2019): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2019.21.

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AbstractObjectiveBipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating, lifelong neuropsychiatric illness characterised by unsteady mood states which vacillate from (hypo)mania to depression. Despite the availability of pharmaceutical agents which can be effective in ameliorating the acute affective symptoms and prevent episodic relapse, BD is inadequately treated in a subset of patients. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is known to exert neuromodulatory effects on other neurotransmitter systems critical in governing emotions. Several studies ranging from clinical to molecular, as well as anecdotal evidence, have placed a spotlight on the potential role of the ECS in the pathophysiology of BD. In this perspective, we present advantages and disadvantages of cannabis use in the management of illness course of BD and provide mechanistic insights into how this system might contribute to the pathophysiology of BD.ResultsWe highlight the putative role of selective cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonists in BD and briefly discuss findings which provide a rationale for targeting the ECS to assuage the symptoms of BD. Further, data encourage basic and clinical studies to determine how cannabis and cannabinoids (CBs) can affect mood and to investigate emerging CB-based options as probable treatment approaches.ConclusionThe probable role of the ECS has been almost neglected in BD; however, from data available which suggest a role of ECS in mood control, it is justified to support conducting comprehensive studies to determine whether ECS manipulation could positively affect BD. Based on the limited available data, we suggest that activation of CB2 may stabilise mood in this disorder.

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Jacob, Rolf G. "Panic Disorder and the Vestibular System." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 11, no. 2 (June 1988): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-953x(18)30503-3.

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Marazziti, Donatella, Federico Mucci, and Leonardo F. Fontenelle. "Immune system and obsessive-compulsive disorder." Psychoneuroendocrinology 93 (July 2018): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.04.013.

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Morozov, V. F., A. V. Badasyan, E. Sh Mamasakhlisov, and A. V. Grigoryan. "Order-disorder transition in one-dimensional system with disorder in composition." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 68, no. 11 (November 2005): 1922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.2131120.

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Quintero-Garzola, Gabriel C. "A Revision of the Relationship between Gambling Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Parkinson´s Disease." Pensando Psicología 13, no. 22 (October 26, 2017): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/pe.v13i22.1991.

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Purpose: For the present review, publications in the field of gambling disorder that deal with its relationships with others, mainly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) were consulted.Methods: The current revision includes a total of 63 references published between 1987 and 2017. It included human studies and revisions regarding the comorbidity of gambling disorder with ADHD or PD. The search terms included: gambling disorder, gambling disorder comorbidity, gambling disorder and adhd, gambling disorder and pd, gambling disorder and impulsivity. The present review focused on the link among gambling disorder and ADHD or PD, because there were a large number of publications related to these disorders. For organization purpose the current work was split into two main parts: 1) Revision of previous scientific reviews about gambling disorder, and 2) Overview and conclusions of experimental work about gambling disorder.Conclusions: The principal conclusions of the current review are: 1) subjects with a gambling disorder have a higher incidence of ADHD(and also of attention deficit disorder [ADD]), 2) the presence of ADHD in subjects that suffer of gambling disorder implies more challenges for the health care system, and 3) PD treatments that increase the agonism of dopamine type of receptor are related to an elevated probability for developing a gambling problem or an impulse control disorder.

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Lamberts, Henk, Kathryn Magruder, Roger G. Kathol, Harold A. Pincus, and Inge Okkes. "The Classification of Mental Disorders in Primary Care: A Guide through a Difficult Terrain." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 28, no. 2 (June 1998): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/n03f-3f84-7hc0-xr1g.

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Background: Primary care physicians traditionally have a strong interest in the mental health of their patients. Three classification systems are available for them to diagnose, label, and classify mental disorders: 1) The ICD-10 approach with three options, 2) The DSM-IV approach with two options, and 3) the ICPC approach with two options. This article lists important similarities and differences between the systems to help potential users choose the option that best meets their needs. Methods: Definitions for depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and somatization disorder are compared on five characteristics of classification: 1. the domain, 2. the scope, 3. the nature of the definitions, 4. focus on episodes of care, and 5. clinical guidelines. Results: Primary care physicians and psychiatrists have different perspectives, reflected in different classifications. Each system has specific possibilities and limitations with regard to the diagnosis of mental disorders. For common mental disorders it is possible, however, to choose codes from one system while maintaining compatibility with the other two. Comparability as to the diagnostic content of the different classes, however, is more difficult to establish. The available classification systems give both primary care physicians and psychiatrists options to diagnose, label, and to classify mental disorders from their own perspective, but once a system has been chosen the clinical comparability of a patient with the same diagnosis in other systems is limited. Conclusion: Compatibility among systems can be optimized by strictly following a number of rules. The conversion between ICPC and ICD-10 (and consequently DSM-IV) allows simultaneous use of ICPC and ICD-10 as a classification and DSM-IV as the standard nomenclature. This is of particular interest for computer based patient records in primary care. The clinical comparability of the same diagnosis in different systems however is limited by the characteristics of the different system.

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DiNapoli, Elizabeth A., Adam D. Bramoweth, Karen L. Whiteman, Barbara H. Hanusa, and John Kasckow. "Mood Disorders in Middle-Aged and Older Veterans With Multimorbidity." Journal of Aging and Health 29, no. 4 (March 27, 2016): 657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264316641082.

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Objective: This study identified the prevalence of and relationship between mood disorders and multimorbidity in middle-aged and older veterans. Method: Cross-sectional data were obtained from veterans who received primary care services at VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System from January 2007 to December 2011 ( n = 34,786). Results: Most veterans had three or more organ systems with chronic disease (95.3%), of which 4.1% had a depressive disorder, 2.5% had an anxiety disorder, and 0.7% had co-occurring depression and anxiety. The odds of having a mood disorder increased with each additional organ system with chronic disease, with odds being the greatest in those with 10 to 13 organ systems with chronic disease. Younger age, female gender, non-married marital status, and having a service connected disability were also significant predictors of having a mood disorder. Discussion: These findings suggest a need to integrate mental health assessment and treatment in chronic health care management for veterans.

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Hartami Santi, Indyah. "THE DESIGN OF EXPERT SYSTEM APPLICATION FOR DIAGNOSING AUTISM DISORDERS IN CHILDREN." JARES (Journal of Academic Research and Sciences) 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/jares.v4i2.757.

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The level of public understanding of autistic disorders and how to handle them that still lacking is the main reason in this study. How to know that a child has an autistic disorder or not is generally done by manual and simple way, it done by filling out a checklist or questionnaire that contains facts, attitudes and behaviors that often appear in children. The checklist is filled by parents who will then be observed again by the therapist to get clear, accurate, and reliable results. The weakness from this method in diagnosing there is an autistic disorder or not is it must involve therapists/experts who are currently still few in number. The purpose of this study is to make a software namely an expert system application that able to diagnose autistic disorders in children that are tailored to the needs of parents. The results of this study are a series of product design systems for expert systems to diagnose autistic disorders in children including ongoing system flowcharts, computerized system flowcharts, Data Flow Diagrams, application program flowcharts and display of application programs that have been built. The results of designing expert system software applications are expected to be used by therapists in diagnosing children who come to consult

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Green-Hennessy, S. "Coverage of mental health and substance misuse topics in the Cochrane review system." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 22, no. 2 (August 29, 2012): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796012000455.

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Aims.To assess the breadth of mental and substance coverage in the Cochrane review system.Methods.All mental health and substance entries were identified from the 2005 to April 2012 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.Results.A total of 1019 entries focused on mental health or substance misuse, with 698 (68.5%) being completed reviews. One out of every five entries focused on serious mental illness/psychosis. Systematic reviews addressing unipolar depression, dementia and certain substance disorders also appeared well-represented. In contrast, a number of impairing disorders frequently seen in practice received less attention, with bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and autism spectrum disorders each accounting for less than 2% of the entries. The majority of interventions reviewed involved medication (57.1%), although this was not the case for a number of childhood-onset disorders. Some diagnostic areas (sleep, anxiety, mood and substance) were addressed by multiple Cochrane review groups (CRGs).Conclusions.The Cochrane Collaboration is well poised to be a strong guiding influence to those seeking to employ evidence-based mental health care. Broadening its diagnostic coverage and diversifying types of intervention reviewed would probably further maximize its impact. A more centralized and directed approach of prioritizing topics could help ensure more comprehensive coverage.

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Singh, Chandrabhan, Mohit Gangwar, and Dr Upendra Kumar. "A Review on Neuro-Fuzzy System in the Diagnosis of Psychiatric Disorder." Webology 18, Special Issue 01 (April 29, 2021): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si01/web18052.

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Psychiatric disorders are a kind of psychological disorders characterized by vital feelings of anxiety and fear. Lately, the evolution of advance methods helps significantly to produce resources helping physicians to foresee psychological problems as well as help patient care. In this particular review paper, a study was done on investigation for the prediction of certain kinds of psychiatric disorders using neuro-fuzzy methods. Research had been selected as well as analyzed, revealing that neuro-fuzzy methods may be utilized for efficiently forecasting psychiatric problems. The precision of the outcomes differs based on the kind of the type of psychiatric disorder of strategies used for predicting the condition. We are able to deduce that single method cannot work well and has been accomplished on the prediction of psychiatric disorder using neuro-fuzzy methods. Nevertheless, with the help of advance research, we might achieve higher accuracy scores which can result in a much better support for patients.

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DAVISON, MATT, and J. S. SHINER. "EXTENDED ENTROPIES AND DISORDER." Advances in Complex Systems 08, no. 01 (March 2005): 125–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525905000373.

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Landsberg's notion of disorder, entropy normalized to maximum entropy, was originally proposed for the Shannon information-theoretic entropy to overcome extensivity-based deficiencies of entropy as a measure of disorder. We generalize Landsberg's concept to three classes of extended entropies: Rényi, Tsallis and Landsberg–Vedral. We show an intimate connection between the Rényi disorders and the spectrum of dimensions known as multifractals. Three examples are treated, including one for power law distributions and one based on the logistic map. On the basis of the three examples, it is demonstrated that all three classes of extended disorder are required to fully characterize the corresponding properties of a system. We conjecture, and sketch a proof to support, that all three extended disorders are also sufficient to completely determine a dimension spectrum.

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Bourin, Michel, and Eric Dailly. "Cholecystokinin and panic disorder." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 16, no. 2 (April 2004): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2004.0076.x.

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Evidence for implication of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the neurobiology of panic disorder is reviewed through animal and human pharmacological studies. The results of these investigations raise two issues: (i) selectivity of action of CCK-2 agonists in anxiety disorders; and (ii) aberrations of the CCK system in anxiety disorders, both of which are discussed.

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Nappi, Rossella E., Laura Cucinella, David Bosoni, Alessandra Righi, Federica Battista, Pietro Molinaro, Giulia Stincardini, Manuela Piccinino, Roberta Rossini, and Lara Tiranini. "Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder as Centrally Based Disorders." Endocrines 3, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3010012.

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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) encompass a variety of symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and impair daily life activities and relationships. Depending on the type and severity of physical, emotional or behavioral symptoms, women of reproductive age followed for at least two prospective menstrual cycles may receive one of the two diagnoses. PMDD is the most severe form of PMS, predominantly characterized by emotional and behavioral symptoms not due to another psychiatric disorder. PMS and PMDD are common neuro-hormonal gynecological disorders with a multifaceted etiology. Gonadal steroid hormones and their metabolites influence a plethora of biological systems involved in the occurrence of specific symptoms, but there is no doubt that PMS/PMDD are centrally based disorders. A more sensitive neuroendocrine threshold to cyclical variations of estrogens and progesterone under physiological and hormonal therapies is present. Moreover, altered brain sensitivity to allopregnanolone, a metabolite of progesterone produced after ovulation potentiating GABA activity, along with an impairment of opioid and serotoninergic systems, may justify the occurrence of emotional and behavioral symptoms. Even neuro-inflammation expressed via the GABAergic system is under investigation as an etiological factor of PMS/PMDD. Pharmacological management aims to stabilize hormonal fluctuations and to restore the neuroendocrine balance. The rationale of suppressing ovulation supports prescription of combined hormonal contraception (CHC). Its effect on mood is highly variable and depends on biochemical characteristics of exogenous steroids and on type and severity of symptoms. Hormonal regimens reducing the estrogen-free interval or suppressing menstruation seem better choices. Psychoactive agents, such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are effective in reducing the symptoms of PMS/PMDD and may be prescribed continuously or only during the luteal phase. Novel therapeutic approaches include inhibition of progesterone receptors in the brain, i.e., with ulipristal acetate, reduced conversion of progesterone with dutasteride, and modulation of the action of allopregnanolone on the brain GABAergic system with sepranolone.

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Nair, Jyotsna, and Sarbjot Singh Ajit. "The Role of the Glutamatergic System in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." CNS Spectrums 13, no. 7 (June 2008): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900016862.

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ABSTRACTAntiglutamatergic agents, such as lamotrigine, have been used successfully for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They could be potentially acting through the stabilization of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems. Glutamate mediates CRF release in various brain regions involved in the pathophysiology of PTSD, antiglutamatergic agents could stabilize the CRF system and, thereby, improve the symptom complex of PTSD (reexperiencing, hyperarousal, and avoidance). The role of glutamate and CRF in PTSD and other anxiety disorders are still being elucidated. However, it is clear that the glutamatergic systems play a role in the pathophysiology of PTSD.

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Wei, Siyang, Zilan Xin, and Yuankai Zhang. "Genetic and environment factors of mental disorders: Twin studies about Alzheimer’s disease, Phobia and Autism Spectrum Disorder." E3S Web of Conferences 292 (2021): 03062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129203062.

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With the natural and social environment changing, people’s mental health is facing severe challenges. Many people are suffering from mental disorders in the present day. A large part of mental disorders can be linked with the nerve system. And nerve system disorders tend to be associated with the development of nerve systems. The gene and the environment can play an important role in the development of the body, and abnormal genes and detrimental environmental factors can contribute a lot to nerve system disorders. Previous research has studied the occurrence and gene-and-environmental impact of many nerve system disorders. Among them, this essay chooses three kinds of disorders: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Phobia, and Autism Spectrum Disorder, which can cause a lot of trouble in people’s daily life. In this essay, we are to study the occurrence of some nerve systems’ disorders and hope to study the genetic and environmental contribution of these disorders. These three disorders gain a lot of attention as they are very common, and they can partly reflect the contribution of genes and the environment.

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Trappey, Amy, Charles V. Trappey, Chia-Ming Chang, Routine R. T. Kuo, Aislyn P. C. Lin, and C. H. Nieh. "Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Driving Phobia Disorder: System Design and Development." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 4860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144860.

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Driving phobia is an anxiety disorder. People are greatly impaired in their daily lives when suffering from driving phobia disorders. The anxieties can be triggered under various conditions, such as driving over bridges, driving at high speeds, or driving in close proximity to large trucks. Traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy are the most common approaches used in the treatment of psychological disorders, such as anxiety disorder (AD) and panic disorder (PD). This research focuses on virtual reality (VR)-based exposure therapy, called VRET, and describes the design and development of a system which uses alternating levels of fear-based driving scenarios that can be recorded and automatically adjusted to maximize exposure effectiveness without causing the subjects to panic. The proposed VRET integrates an advanced feedback database module for tracing and analyzing the system, along with the user’s bio-data to show the valid data collection of the system and its effectiveness for future use in clinical trials. The research conducts a system’s pre-test analysis using 31 subjects to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system. This research demonstrates the systematic development of the VRET for driving phobia disorder by depicting the system framework, key system modules, system integration, bio-database management, and pre-test data analysis to support our next research efforts in hospital-based clinical trials and for additional VRET development applications for clinical psychology.

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Verma, Archana, Shweta Singh Chauhan, Vaishali Pankaj, Neha Srivastva, and Prachi Srivastava. "Network Biology Approaches to Identify the Drug Lead Molecule for Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Human." Open Bioinformatics Journal 13, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875036202013010015.

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Aims: To identify most novel drug target and lead molecule for neurodevelopmental disorder Autism, Intellectual Disability (ID) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diseases through system biology approaches Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NNDs) are disabilities associated chiefly with the functioning of the neurological system and brain. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders have difficulties with speech, behaviour, learning and other neurological functions. Systems biology is a holistic approach to enciphering the complexity of biological systems and their interactions. It opens the way to a more successful discovery of novel therapeutics. Objective: To identify most novel drug target and lead molecule for neurodevelopmental disorder Autism, Intellectual Disability (ID) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diseases through system biology approaches. Methods: A list of genes was collected from NCBI database for Autism, Intellectual Disability (ID) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diseases. STRING database and Cytoscape software was used for construction and interpreting molecular interaction in the network. 3D structure of target protein, was build and validated.The phytochemicals were identified through various research articles and filtered out by virtual screening through Molinspiration. Molecular docking analyses of known phytochemical with target proteins were performed usingAutoDock tool. Result: AKT1 for Autism, SNAP25 for Intellectual Disability (ID) and DRD4 for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were identified as most potential drug target through network study. further the modelled structure of obtained target were undergo molecular docking study with kown phytochemicals. Based on lowest binding energy, Huperzine A for Autism and ID, Valerenic acid for ADHD found to be the most potential therapeutic molecules. Conclusion: Huperzine A against Autism and ID, Valerenic acid against ADHD found to be the most potential therapeutic molecules and expected to be effective in the treatment of NNDs. Phytochemicals do not have side effects so extract of these can be taken in preventive form too as these disorders occur during developmental stages of the child. Further the obtained molecule if experimentally validated would play promising role for the treatment of NDDs in human.

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Góralczyk-Bińkowska, Aleksandra, Dagmara Szmajda-Krygier, and Elżbieta Kozłowska. "The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (September 24, 2022): 11245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911245.

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Modulating the gut microbiome and its influence on human health is the subject of intense research. The gut microbiota could be associated not only with gastroenterological diseases but also with psychiatric disorders. The importance of factors such as stress, mode of delivery, the role of probiotics, circadian clock system, diet, and occupational and environmental exposure in the relationship between the gut microbiota and brain function through bidirectional communication, described as “the microbiome–gut–brain axis”, is especially underlined. In this review, we discuss the link between the intestinal microbiome and the brain and host response involving different pathways between the intestinal microbiota and the nervous system (e.g., neurotransmitters, endocrine system, immunological mechanisms, or bacterial metabolites). We review the microbiota alterations and their results in the development of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

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Sarfraz, Muhammad, Maha S. Almutairi, and Zahraa A. Jasem. "A Speech Clinic System for Children with Communication Disorder." International Journal of Extreme Automation and Connectivity in Healthcare 2, no. 1 (January 2020): 138–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeach.2020010109.

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This research proposes, designs, and implements a new telehealth system. It is a Speech Clinic System (SCS) for children with communication disorders. It provides an online automated alternate to the traditional manual treatment processes for children with communication disorder. The proposed SCS provides an easy way for parents to be in touch with the speech-language pathologist, check their child progress, make an appointment, follow guidelines, and choose therapy exercises. The structure of the system has been designed to automate parts of the treatment process. To achieve the targeted system, in addition to investigating the latest studies in this area, the needed data was collected through interviews and searching about the treatment process of children with communication disorder. The system, as a special case, has been oriented for the Arabic speaking communities (specially state of Kuwait) to improve its healthcare sector. However, it can be easily oriented to fulfill the needs of other countries with some variation of language and other local requirements.

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Ruiz, Norma Angélica Labra, Daniel Santamaría Del Ángel, Norma Osnaya Brizuela, Armando Valenzuela Peraza, Hugo Juárez Olguín, Mónica Punzo Soto, and David Calderón Guzmán. "Inflammatory Process and Immune System in Major Depressive Disorder." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab072.

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Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric illnesses in the general population. In mental disorders, the activation of inflammatory pathways in the brain is a major producer of excitotoxicity and an inducer of oxidative stress. The occurrence of these 2 events is partly responsible for the neuronal damage inherent in patients with mental disorders. In the case of MDD, the release of hormone and increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and indicators of oxidative stress have been identified as consequences of this event. The most important affectations in patients with MDD are changes in their cognitive and executive functions due to brain inflammation. Hence, these biomarkers can serve as diagnostic and severity classification tools and treatment. In this work, we described the communication pathway between the immune and neuroendocrine systems in MDD and suggested possible therapeutic options for the disease.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Disorder system'

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