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Journal articles on the topic 'Disorder - Single Crystalline Oxides'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Spinolo, G., and U. Anselmi Tamburini. "Stacking Faults in Ca(OH)2 Produced by Vapour Phase Hydration." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 40, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1985-0113.

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The diffraction profiles of a thin single crystal with stacking faults were calculated with the theory of diffraction of a one-dimensionally disordered crystal (Kakinoki, Komura, Allegra) by including the effect of crystallite thickness. The results hold for generalized close packed structures.An application to calcium hydroxide is discussed: the stacking faults significantly contribute to the disorder of poorly crystalline forms of Ca(OH)2 produced by reaction of calcium oxide with water vapour at room temperature.
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2

Rupp, Jennifer L. M., Barbara Scherrer, Julia Martynczuk, and Ludwig J. Gauckler. "Self-Limited to Parabolic Grain Growth Kinetics in Metal Oxide Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.333.

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Distinctive microstructure engineering of amorphous to nanocrystalline electroceramic thin films is of high relevance for integration in low to high temperature operating MEMS-devices. Up to now, kinetic rules of nucleation, crystallization and grain growth of precipitation-based ceramic thin films are unknown. In this study, general rules for the crystallization and grain growth kinetics of a pure single-phase metal oxide thin film with only one kind of cation, i.e. ceria, made by spray pyrolysis from a precursor with one single organic solvent is discussed [1,. The near-and long range disorder is studied via Raman, DSC investigation of crystallization enthalpy, XRD, SEM and TEM for amorphous to fully crystalline state. These 400 nm thick-thin films were dense, crack-free and amorphous directly after deposition on a sapphire substrate. Briefly, above deposition temperature crystallization sets in with respect to temperature and persists over a broad temperature range from 400 to 950°C. In this regime, biphasic amorphous-crystallien films exist and grain growth proceeds simultaneously to crystallization. Isothermal grain growth studies showed that after short dwell times of 10-20h stable microstructures established following self-limited grain growth law [. In this state, driving force for the crystallization is the reduction of free enthalpy for phase transformation and interface diffusion prevails. A transition to classical grain curvature-driven parabolic grain growth kinetics appeared once the material reached the fully crystalline state for average grain sizes larger than 140 nm and higher annealing temperatures. Volume diffusion was then activated in addition to the interface diffusion. It was found that once crystallized the material shows independent on processing route equal XRD density and microstrain, as well as Raman characteristics. However, dependent on processing conditions i.e. choice of organic and, according, deposition temperature of the film amorphous states vary and affect strongly crystallization and grain growth history for the biphasic films.
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3

Khanvilkar, M. B., A. K. Nikumbh, S. M. Patange, R. A. Pawar, N. J. Karale, D. V. Nighot, P. A. Nagwade, M. D. Sangale, and G. S. Gugale. "Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of substituted pyrochlore oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the co-precipitation method." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 22, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.22.2.353-371.

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Five substituted pyrochlore nanooxides such as Nd1.9Ho0.1Zr1.8Ce0.2O7, La1.95Ce0.05Zr0.29Ce1.71O7, Y1.79Pr0.21Ru1.99Pr0.01O7, Dy1.9Yb0.1Mn1.93Cu0.07O7 and Dy1.99Sr0.01Sn2O7 were synthesized by coprecipitation method. These precursors were monitored by thermal studies (TGA-DTA). The prepared nanosized substituted pyrochlore oxides were characterized by EDS, XRD, SEM, TEM, d. c. electrical conductivity, Thermoelectric power, Hall effect measurement, dielectric properties and magnetization measurements. XRD confirmed the formation of a single phase crystalline substituted pyrochlores with a cubic nature of nanoparticles. All substituted compounds were adopted a stable pyrochlore structure with rA3+/rB4+ = 1.395 except La1.95Ce0.05Zr0.29Ce1.71O7 compound, which has rA3+/rB4+ = 1.175 indicate disorder pyrochlore structure (i.e. fluorite structure). The temperature dependence of d. c. electrical conductivity for all substituted pyrochlores exhibits two distinct slopes with a break. This discontinuity can be attributed to extrinsic to intrinsic semiconducting properties. The thermoelectric power and Hall effect measurements for all compounds were confirmed the p-type semiconductivity except Y1.79Pr0.21Ru1.99Pr0.01O7 compound and which showed n-type semiconductivity. The dielectric constant (ε’) and dielectric loss (tan δ) i. e dissipation factor decreases with an increase in frequencies and reaching constant at particular frequencies. The applied field dependence of magnetization curve at room temperature (300 K) for Nd1.9Ho0.1Zr1.8Ce0.2O7, Y1.79Pr0.21Ru1.99Pr0.01O7 and Dy1.9Yb0.1Mn1.93Cu0.07O7, showed hysteresis loop with a small kink around the origin and which can be attributed to small but definite ferromagnetic ordering along with significant paramagnetic and superparamagnetic components. The magnetization at 2K showed a clear hysteresis loop for Dy1.9Yb0.1Mn1.93Cu0.07O7 and Dy1.99Sr0.01Sn2O7 pyrochlores are soft (weak) ferromagnets.
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4

Welberry, Richard, and Darren Goossens. "Local order in wüstite. Fe1-xO, using a PDF approach." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314091268.

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Many minerals (and materials more widely) show evidence of strong and complex local structural ordering. This local ordering can affect a material's mechanical properties, its transport properties (for example, how vacancies relate to oxygen transport through the structure) and its thermodynamics, and so is clearly of prime importance. For crystalline materials the analysis of single crystal diffuse scattering (SCDS) is the most definitive way of determining local structure but for many minerals (and materials more widely) single crystals of a sufficient size for such studies are often not readily obtainable and powder diffraction data must suffice. While conventional powder XRD (e.g. using Rietveld refinement) can provide information about the average crystal structure, total scattering (TS) – which includes both Bragg peaks and diffuse scattering – is needed if information about the local structure and short-range order is to be gained. The pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of such total scattering data has become a widely used technique for extracting such local structural information from a wide variety of materials including crystalline powders, nano-materials, amorphous materials, glasses and liquids. The aim of the present work is to explore the sensitivity of the PDF methodology to various aspects of disorder and short-range order for a mineral system for which the local structure has been characterised previously using SCDS. The system chosen for this study is the non-stoichiometric iron oxide wüstite, (Fe1–xO, x = 0.057). The X-ray diffraction patterns obtained from a single crystal of wüstite show strong and richly structured diffuse scattering (see Fig. 1). This has enabled a detailed model of the defect structure to be established. The aim is to assess to what extent this defect structure model could have been established using PDF analysis of powder diffraction data.
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5

Ling, Chris. "Modulated order in ionic conductors: a fine line between helping and hindering." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331409771x.

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"Solid-state ionic conduction relies on essentially conflicting structural properties: long-range crystalline order, to provide structural stability (as fuel cell membranes, battery cathodes etc.); and short-range disorder, to provide smooth conduction pathways without deep local energy minima that could trap the conducting species. Materials that combine these features are generally metastable, and prone to ordering into complex modulated structured that can only be described in (3+n) dimensions using the superspace formalism. Such ordering would normally be expected to seriously compromise conduction properties. However, low-temperature modulated structures can be effective and stable precursors to high-temperature ionic conductors - and, in some cases, can coexist with regions of local disorder that actually enhance conduction. The relationship between modulated order and ionic conduction is relatively little studied, but some of our recent work points to its potential importance. This presentation will focus on two examples: the (3+3)-dimensional commensurately modulated proton conductor Ba4Nb2O9.1/3H2O; [1,2] and the (3+3)-dimensional incommensurately modulated oxide ion conductor ""Type II"" Bi2O3.xNb2O5 (for which a single-crystal neutron diffraction pattern and the refined structure are shown below). [3] The aim is to show how modulated structures can be designed and manipulated to optimise technological performance by striking a balance between stabilising the overall framework while destabilising the conduction pathways."
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6

Sarkar, Toton, Sani Kundu, Gurupada Ghorai, Pratap Kumar Sahoo, and Ashis Bhattacharjee. "Structural, spectroscopic and morphology studies on green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles." Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 14, no. 3 (June 16, 2023): 035001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/acd8b6.

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Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesised using Tabernaemontana divaricata flower extract (TFE) in different weight percentages by facile, eco-friendly and cost-effective green synthesis method. Formation and structure of the ZnO NPs were studied by powder XRD, FT−IR, Raman and TEM studies. The crystals formed are of hexagonal wurtzite structure with biological functional groups attached. Average crystallite size of the ZnO NPs (17.5−23.3 nm) was obtained from the analysis of powder XRD data which increased with increase of TFE amount while the estimated values of dislocation density and micro-strain exhibited an opposite behaviour. The optical (direct and indirect) energy band gap values estimated using UV–vis DRS spectral data decreased with increasing amount of TFE. The photoluminescence spectra for the ZnO NPs exhibited multiple peaks spread over the visible region with one peak in the NIR region indicating the existence of various defect levels of Zn and O. Position of these defect levels within the band gap was assigned which is significantly modulated by TFE. TFE amount-dependent peak shift and/or peak broadening were observed in the Raman spectra of the ZnO NPs which were correlated with the growing disorder in the crystals induced by the extract molecules. FESEM study showed the agglomerated NPs with quasi-spherical morphology. Particle size of the ZnO NPs was estimated from FESEM images. EDX study indicated that increased presence of TFE in ZnO decreased the oxygen content in the synthesised material. HRTEM study revealed the agglomeration of nanoparticles with single crystalline nature. Present study convincingly established that flower extract used for the green synthesis efficiently modified the structure and optical property, defect levels and morphology of the potentially useful ZnO nanoparticles.
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7

Chen, Yancheng, Yingjie Lu, Xun Yang, Shunfang Li, Kaiyong Li, Xuexia Chen, Zhiyang Xu, Jinhao Zang, and Chongxin Shan. "Bandgap engineering of Gallium oxides by crystalline disorder." Materials Today Physics 18 (May 2021): 100369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtphys.2021.100369.

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8

Kim, Shin-Ik, Hyung-Jin Choi, Gwangyeob Lee, Chang Jae Roh, Inki Jung, Soo Young Jung, Ruiguang Ning, et al. "3D architectures of single-crystalline complex oxides." Materials Horizons 7, no. 6 (2020): 1552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mh00292e.

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We proposed 3D architectures of complex oxides as a way to derive novel properties: various 3D shapes were formed by self-shaped free-standing membranes, and curvature-induced polarization in an otherwise nonpolar material was observed.
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9

Szlawska, M., and D. Kaczorowski. "Disorder-driven low-temperature anomalies in single-crystalline Ce2Co0.4Rh0.4Si3.2." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 25, no. 25 (June 6, 2013): 255601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/25/25/255601.

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10

Yeom, Eun Joo, Seong Sik Shin, Woon Seok Yang, Seon Joo Lee, Wenping Yin, Dasom Kim, Jun Hong Noh, Tae Kyu Ahn, and Sang Il Seok. "Controllable synthesis of single crystalline Sn-based oxides and their application in perovskite solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 1 (2017): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta08565b.

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11

Peng, Bin, Ren-Ci Peng, Yong-Qiang Zhang, Guohua Dong, Ziyao Zhou, Yuqing Zhou, Tao Li, et al. "Phase transition enhanced superior elasticity in freestanding single-crystalline multiferroic BiFeO3 membranes." Science Advances 6, no. 34 (August 2020): eaba5847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba5847.

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The integration of ferroic oxide thin films into advanced flexible electronics will bring multifunctionality beyond organic and metallic materials. However, it is challenging to achieve high flexibility in single-crystalline ferroic oxides that is considerable to organic or metallic materials. Here, we demonstrate the superior flexibility of freestanding single-crystalline BiFeO3 membranes, which are typical multiferroic materials with multifunctionality. They can endure cyclic 180° folding and have good recoverability, with the maximum bending strain up to 5.42% during in situ bending under scanning electron microscopy, far beyond their bulk counterparts. Such superior elasticity mainly originates from reversible rhombohedral-tetragonal phase transition, as revealed by phase-field simulations. This study suggests a general fundamental mechanism for a variety of ferroic oxides to achieve high flexibility and to work as smart materials in flexible electronics.
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12

Szlawska, M., and D. Kaczorowski. "Disorder-driven non-Fermi liquid behavior in single-crystalline Ce2Co0.8Si3.2." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 26, no. 1 (November 29, 2013): 016004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/26/1/016004.

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13

Fomenko, V. S. "Electronic work function of sintered and single-crystalline high-temperature superconducting oxides." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 32, no. 2 (February 1993): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00560050.

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14

Popescu, Madalina, Roxana Piticescu, Eugeniu Vasile, Dragos Taloi, Mirela Petriceanu, Maria Stoiciu, and Viorel Badilita. "The Influence of Synthesis Parameters on FeO(OH) / Fe2O3 Formation by Hydrothermal Techniques." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 65, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 1024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2010-0808.

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In this paper, a hydrothermal method of high-pressure and low-temperature synthesis conditions is presented as a simple single-step technique to obtain crystalline nanoparticles of iron oxides. The aim of this work has been to demonstrate the influence of the main synthesis parameters on the formation of nanosized Fe2O3 particles using statistical methods and to establish the most significant effects. Based on mathematical pre-modeling calculations, the best reaction conditions for the hydrothermal process have been chosen, and controlled crystalline nanostructures of iron oxides could be prepared
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15

Liu, Qing, Youwei Yan, Xiangcheng Chu, Yiling Zhang, Lihong Xue, and Wuxing Zhang. "Graphene-induced growth of single crystalline Sb2MoO6sheets and their sodium storage performance." J. Mater. Chem. A 5, no. 40 (2017): 21328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta07111f.

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Pure and single crystalline Sb2MoO6sheets can be hydrothermally synthesizedviathe induction of graphene oxides, and the Sb2MoO6/RGO composite exhibits excellent cyclability and rate performance as the anode in a sodium ion battery.
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16

Ebbinghaus, Stefan G., Rosiana Aguiar, Anke Weidenkaff, Stefan Gsell, and Armin Reller. "Topotactical growth of thick perovskite oxynitride layers by nitridation of single crystalline oxides." Solid State Sciences 10, no. 6 (June 2008): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2007.03.011.

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17

Sen, P., J. Akhtar, and F. M. Russell. "MeV ion-induced movement of lattice disorder in single crystalline silicon." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 51, no. 4 (August 15, 2000): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2000-00508-7.

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18

QIAN, H. X., W. ZHOU, and H. Y. ZHENG. "RIPPLE FORMATION ON InP SURFACE IRRADIATED WITH FEMTOSECOND LASER." International Journal of Nanoscience 04, no. 04 (August 2005): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x0500370x.

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Single crystalline InP was ablated with linearly p-polarized femtosecond laser in air. Ripples with orientation parallel to the laser polarization direction were formed at low laser fluence. Analyses by EDX reveal In oxides and P oxides on the surface. Micro Raman spectroscopy of the laser irradiated surface indicates presence of stresses and possible formation of InP nanocrystals due to the femtosecond laser irradiation.
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19

Kang, Liping, Lingli Wang, Haiyan Wang, Xiaodong Zhang, and Yongqiang Wang. "Preparation and Performance of Gallium Nitride Powders with Preferred Orientation." MATEC Web of Conferences 142 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814201009.

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The paper prepared the III-V semiconductor, hexagonal wurtzite Gallium nitride powders by calcining a gallium oxide in flowing ammonia above 900 °C (1173K). Because of the solid-state reaction process that the gallium oxide transformed to GaN through solid-state gallium oxynitrides (GaOxNy) as inter-mediates, the Gallium nitride powders which are agglomerates of tens nanometers flake crystallites retain the rod shape and grain size of raw gallium oxide and have slight (002) plane preferred orientation. The near-edge emission of Gallium nitride at 346 nm has a blue shift of 187 meV attributed to a decrease in disorder of the material that is decided by the (002) plane preferred orientation. The preferred orientation and a blue shift have some kind of reference significance to single crystal growth.
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20

Kudo, Kohei, Yasunari Hamazaki, Shinya Yamada, Satoshi Abo, Yoshihiro Gohda, and Kohei Hamaya. "Great Differences between Low-Temperature Grown Co2FeSi and Co2MnSi Films on Single-Crystalline Oxides." ACS Applied Electronic Materials 1, no. 11 (October 4, 2019): 2371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.9b00546.

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21

Kato, Kazumi, Feng Dang, Ken-ichi Mimura, Yoshiaki Kinemuchi, Hiroaki Imai, Satoshi Wada, Minoru Osada, Hajime Haneda, and Makoto Kuwabara. "Nano-sized cube-shaped single crystalline oxides and their potentials; composition, assembly and functions." Advanced Powder Technology 25, no. 5 (September 2014): 1401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2014.02.006.

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22

Jesse, Stephen, Qian He, Andrew R. Lupini, Donovan N. Leonard, Mark P. Oxley, Oleg Ovchinnikov, Raymond R. Unocic, et al. "Atomic-Level Sculpting of Crystalline Oxides: Toward Bulk Nanofabrication with Single Atomic Plane Precision." Small 11, no. 44 (October 19, 2015): 5895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201502048.

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23

Minami, Takaya, Hiroyasu Sato, and Shinya Matsumoto. "Macroscopic crystalline deformation in an organic dye during reversible phase transition caused by alkyl disorder." CrystEngComm 20, no. 19 (2018): 2644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ce00465j.

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24

Ou, Limin, Shengheng Nong, Ruoxi Yang, Yaoying Li, Jinrong Tao, Pan Zhang, Haifu Huang, et al. "Multi-Role Surface Modification of Single-Crystalline Nickel-Rich Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxides Cathodes with WO3 to Improve Performance for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Nanomaterials 12, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12081324.

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Compared with the polycrystalline system, the single-crystalline ternary cathode material has better cycle stability because the only primary particles without grain boundaries effectively alleviate the formation of micro/nanocracks and retain better structural integrity. Therefore, it has received extensive research attention. There is no consistent result whether tungsten oxide acts as doping and/or coating from the surface modification of the polycrystalline system. Meanwhile, there is no report on the surface modification of the single-crystalline system by tungsten oxide. In this paper, multirole surface modification of single-crystalline nickel-rich ternary cathode material LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 by WO3 is studied by a simple method of adding WO3 followed by calcination. The results show that with the change in the amount of WO3 added, single-crystalline nickel-rich ternary cathode material can be separately doped, separately coated, and both doped and coated. Either doping or coating effectively enhances the structural stability, reduces the polarization of the material, and improves the lithium-ion diffusion kinetics, thus improving the cycle stability and rate performance of the battery. Interestingly, both doping and coating (for SC-NCM622-0.5%WO3) do not show a more excellent synergistic effect, while the single coating (for SC-NCM622-1.0%WO3) after eliminating the rock-salt phase layer performs the most excellent modification effect.
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25

Szlawska, Maria, Daniel Gnida, Piotr Ruszała, Maciej J. Winiarski, Małgorzata Samsel-Czekała, Marcus Schmidt, Yuri Grin, and Dariusz Kaczorowski. "Antiferromagnetic Ordering and Transport Anomalies in Single-Crystalline CeAgAs2." Materials 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 3865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173865.

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Single crystals of the ternary cerium arsenide CeAgAs2 were grown by chemical vapor transport. They were studied by means of x-ray diffraction, magnetization, heat capacity and electrical transport measurements. The experimental research was supplemented with electronic band structure calculations. The compound was confirmed to order antiferromagnetically at the Néel temperature of 4.9 K and to undergo metamagnetic transition in a field of 0.5 T at 1.72 K. The electrical resistivity shows distinct increase at low temperatures, which origin is discussed in terms of pseudo-gap formation in the density of states at the Fermi level and quantum corrections to the resistivity in the presence of atom disorder due to crystal structure imperfections.
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26

Shao, Jian, Hao Liu, Kai Zhang, Yang Yu, Weichao Yu, Hanxuan Lin, Jiebin Niu, et al. "Emerging single-phase state in small manganite nanodisks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 33 (August 1, 2016): 9228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609656113.

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In complex oxides systems such as manganites, electronic phase separation (EPS), a consequence of strong electronic correlations, dictates the exotic electrical and magnetic properties of these materials. A fundamental yet unresolved issue is how EPS responds to spatial confinement; will EPS just scale with size of an object, or will the one of the phases be pinned? Understanding this behavior is critical for future oxides electronics and spintronics because scaling down of the system is unavoidable for these applications. In this work, we use La0.325Pr0.3Ca0.375MnO3 (LPCMO) single crystalline disks to study the effect of spatial confinement on EPS. The EPS state featuring coexistence of ferromagnetic metallic and charge order insulating phases appears to be the low-temperature ground state in bulk, thin films, and large disks, a previously unidentified ground state (i.e., a single ferromagnetic phase state emerges in smaller disks). The critical size is between 500 nm and 800 nm, which is similar to the characteristic length scale of EPS in the LPCMO system. The ability to create a pure ferromagnetic phase in manganite nanodisks is highly desirable for spintronic applications.
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27

Wright, Andrew J., Qingyang Wang, Chongze Hu, Yi-Ting Yeh, Renkun Chen, and Jian Luo. "Single-phase duodenary high-entropy fluorite/pyrochlore oxides with an order-disorder transition." Acta Materialia 211 (June 2021): 116858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116858.

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28

Gurvitch, M., A. T. Fiory, L. S. Schneemeyer, R. T. Cava, G. P. Espinosa, and J. V. Waszczak. "Resistivities of ceramic and single-crystalline superconducting oxides to 1100K: What do they tell us?" Physica C: Superconductivity 153-155 (June 1988): 1369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(88)90325-5.

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29

Zachara, John M., James K. Fredrickson, Shu-Mei Li, David W. Kennedy, Steven C. Smith, and Paul L. Gassman. "Bacterial reduction of crystalline Fe (super 3+) oxides in single phase suspensions and subsurface materials." American Mineralogist 83, no. 11-12 Part 2 (December 1, 1998): 1426–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-1997-11-1232.

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30

Zachara, John M., James K. Fredrickson, Shu-Mei Li, David W. Kennedy, Steven C. Smith, and Paul L. Gassman. "Bacterial reduction of crystalline Fe (super 3+) oxides in single phase suspensions and subsurface materials." American Mineralogist 83, no. 11-12 Part 2 (December 1, 1998): 1426–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-1998-11-1232.

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31

Liberka, Michal, Jedrzej Kobylarczyk, and Robert Podgajny. "Structural Disorder in High-Spin {CoII9WV6} (Core)-[Pyridine N-Oxides] (Shell) Architectures." Molecules 25, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020251.

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The combinations of Co(II), octacyanidotungstate(V), and monodentate pyridine N-oxide (pyNO) or 4-phenylpyridine N-oxide (4-phpyNO) led to crystallization of novel crystalline phases {CoII[CoII8(pyNO)12(MeOH)12][WV(CN)8]6} (1) and {CoII[CoII8(4-phpyNO)7(MeOH)17][WV(CN)8]6}·7MeOH·(4-phpyNO)3 (2). In both architectures, metal–cyanide clusters are coordinated by N-oxide ligands in a simple monodentate manner to give the spherical objects of over 1 nm core diameter and about 2.2 nm (1) and 3 nm (2) of the total diameter, terminated with the aromatic rings. The supramolecular architecture is dominated by dense and rich π–π interaction systems. Both structures are characterized by a significant structural disorder in ligand shell, described with the suitable probability models. For 1, the π–π interactions between the pyNO ligands attached to the same metal centers are suggested for the first time. In 2, 4-phpyNO acts as monodentate ligand and as the crystallization molecule. Magnetic studies indicate the high-spin ground state due to the ferromagnetic interactions Co(II)–W(V) through the cyanido bridges. Due to the high symmetry of the clusters, no signature of slow magnetic relaxation was observed. The characterization is completed by solid-state IR and UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy. The conditions for the stable M9M’6-based crystals formation are synthetically discussed in terms of the type of capping ligands: monodentate, bridging, and chelating. The potential of the related polynuclear forms toward the magnetism-based functional properties is critically indicated.
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32

Huang, Xiang Hong, Jun Qiao, and Qian Feng Zhang. "Structure and Thermo-Chemical Stability of Sr-Fe-Co-O Mixed Metal Oxides." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.193.

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SrFexCo0.5Oδ(x=0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25) mixed metal oxides were synthesized by the citrate method. The structure and thermo-chemical stability of the obtained SrFexCo0.5Oδpowders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results show that the SrFexCo0.5Oδpowders are composed of perovskite-type cubic structure at both room temperature and high temperature. The crystalline phases of the SrFexCo0.5Oδpowders are dependent on the content of Fe and SrFe0.5Co0.5O3, SrFe0.19Co081O2.78are the main crystalline phases. The powders have good thermo-chemical stability at elevated temperatures in helium, which is confirmed by an in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction. The SEM images show that the product of the SrFexCo0.5Oδ(x=0.5, 1.0) is composed of single grain, while other two samples consist of layer structures and some open porosities.
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33

Gimenez-Pinto, Vianney, and Fangfu Ye. "Patterning order and disorder with an angle: modeling single-layer dual-phase nematic elastomer ribbons." RSC Advances 9, no. 16 (2019): 8994–9000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09375j.

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We study the rich actuation variety displayed by elastomers that combine well-defined isotropic regions and liquid crystalline regions. Design factors for actuation include orientation of director and pattern, domain-size and sample-size.
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34

Bruckner, Barbara, Peter Bauer, and Daniel Primetzhofer. "Neutralization of slow helium ions scattered from single crystalline aluminum and tantalum surfaces and their oxides." Surface Science 691 (January 2020): 121491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2019.121491.

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35

Yushchuk, S. I., S. O. Yuryev, and N. T. Pokladok. "Growing of Thick Single-Crystalline La-Substituted Yttrium-Iron Garnet Films with Reproducible Parameters." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 64, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe64.3.245.

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Basic principles of growing the thick (35–60 мm) single-crystalline La-substituted yttrium-iron garnet (Y3−xLaxFe5O12, La :YIG) films with reproducible parameters have been formulated. La :YIG films are grown on gallium-gadolinium garnet (Gd3Ga5O12) substrates from a supercooled melt-solution (MS) consisting of Y2O3, La2O3, and Fe2O3 oxides and the PbO–B2O3 solvent. In order to minimize the implantation of Pb2+ ions into the films, which degrades the film quality, the epitaxy has to be performed at high temperatures and a low MS supercooling. It is found that, in order to maintain a constant growth rate of La :YIG films with reproducible parameters, a large MS mass (10–16 kg) has to be used, and the MS temperature has to be permanently lowered at a rate of 0.042 K/min.
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36

Zhang, H. B., J. Zhang, Y. C. Zhou, Y. W. Bao, and M. S. Li. "Synthesis of AlN nanowires by nitridation of Ti3Si0.9Al0.1C2 solid solution." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 3 (March 2007): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0072.

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This paper describes a new method to synthesize AlN nanowires by the nitridation of Ti3Si0.9Al0.1C2 solid solution. Single-crystalline AlN nanowires with the hexagonal wurtzite structure can be easily prepared using this method. In particular, the resulting AlN nanowires display a new growth orientation of 〈1011〉 besides 〈1000〉 and 〈0001〉. This work indicates that MN+1AXN compounds are promising raw reactants to synthesize one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures of nitrides and oxides.
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37

Yu, Feng, Yi Wang, Cong Guo, He Liu, Weizhai Bao, Jingfa Li, Panpan Zhang, and Faxing Wang. "Spinel LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials in Wide Voltage Window: Single-Crystalline versus Polycrystalline." Crystals 12, no. 3 (February 24, 2022): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030317.

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Single-crystal (SC) layered oxides as cathodes for Li-ion batteries have demonstrated better cycle stability than their polycrystalline (PC) counterparts due to the restrained intergranular cracking formation. However, there are rare reports on comparisons between single-crystal LiMn2O4 (SC-LMO) and polycrystalline LiMn2O4 (PC-LMO) spinel cathodes for Li-ion storage. In this work, the Li-ion storage properties of spinel LiMn2O4 single-crystalline and polycrystalline with similar particle sizes were investigated in a wide voltage window of 2–4.8 V vs. Li/Li+. The SC-LMO cathode exhibited a specific discharge capacity of 178 mA·h·g−1, which was a bit larger than that of the PC-LMO cathode. This is mainly because the SC-LMO cathode showed much higher specific capacity in the 3 V region (Li-ion storage at octahedral sites with cubic to tetragonal phase transition) than the PC-LMO cathode. However, unlike layered-oxide cathodes, the PC-LMO cathode displayed better cycle stability than the SC-LMO cathode. Our studies for the first time demonstrate that the phase transition-induced Mn(II) ion dissolution in the 3 V region rather than cracking formation is the limiting factor for the cycle performance of spinel LiMn2O4 in the wide voltage window.
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38

Fujiwara, Takumi, Takayuki Honma, S. Mizuno, N. Iwafuchi, Yasuhiko Benino, and Takayuki Komatsu. "Order/Disorder Hybrid Structures in Photonic Glass Materials." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.53.

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Investigations for space-selected structure ordering from nano-particles to single-crystal patterning in glasses will be described. Transparent crystallization in glass must be the best material solution to obtain novel functional glasses with a permanent second-order optical nonlinearity. We focus on the new functions created by structure ordering in glass by means of laser micro-fabrication for space-selected crystallization. Two topics in our recent experimental results of space-selected structure ordering in glass will be presented as follows: 1) Single crystalline patterning by atom heat laser processing in Sm-doped glasses for optical waveguides with second-order optical nonlinearity, 2) structure ordering of domains in crystallized glass fibers for possible photonic fiber-type devices with active signal processing.
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39

Uhrmacher, Michael, and Klaus-Peter Lieb. "Phase Transitions in Oxides Studied by Perturbed Angular Correlation Spectroscopy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 55, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2000): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2000-1-217.

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Radioactive atoms located on cation sites in oxide matrices can be used to monitor phase transitions by measuring the electric or magnetic hyperfine interactions by means of Perturbed Angular Correlations spectroscopy. The article illustrates three types of phase transitions studied with 111In tracers and their daughter nuclei 111Cd, namely magnetic, structural and REDOX phase transitions in binary and ternary polycrystalline or single-crystalline oxides. In this context, we also discuss the question of identifying the probes' lattice site(s), the scaling of the Electric Field Gradients in oxides, the influence of the (impurity) probes themselves on the phase transitions, and the occurrence and mechanisms of dynamic interactions. Recent results on 111In in pure and Li-doped In2S3 will also be presented.
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40

Malowney, J., N. Mestres, X. Borrise, A. Calleja, R. Guzman, J. Llobet, J. Arbiol, T. Puig, X. Obradors, and J. Bausells. "Dual Function Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Oxide Precursors for Nanoimprinting and Electron Beam Lithography." MRS Proceedings 1547 (2013): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.679.

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ABSTRACTOrdered arrays of crystalline complex oxides nanostructures were synthesized onto single crystal insulating substrates using aqueous polyvinyl alcohol based electron beam resist precursors. The irradiated zones are insoluble in water (negative-tone resist) due to the electron induced cross linking of polyvinyl alcohol. The subsequent high temperature treatment of the developed precursor samples leads to the formation of ordered arrays of nanodots for low irradiation doses. For high irradiation dosages, epitaxially and oriented nanowires are obtained. These same precursors were shown to be nanoimprintable on single crystal substrates. This allows for future dual processing of a single precursor film gaining nano-structuration from both electron beam and nanoimprint lithography methods.
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41

Ying, Tianping, Yueqiang Gu, Xiao Chen, Xinbo Wang, Shifeng Jin, Linlin Zhao, Wei Zhang, and Xiaolong Chen. "Anderson localization of electrons in single crystals: LixFe7Se8." Science Advances 2, no. 2 (February 2016): e1501283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501283.

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Anderson (disorder-induced) localization, proposed more than half a century ago, has inspired numerous efforts to explore the absence of wave diffusions in disordered media. However, the proposed disorder-induced metal-insulator transition (MIT), associated with the nonpropagative electron waves, has hardly been observed in three-dimensional (3D) crystalline materials, let alone single crystals. We report the observation of an MIT in centimeter-size single crystals of LixFe7Se8induced by lattice disorder. Both specific heat and infrared reflectance measurements reveal the presence of considerable electronic states in the vicinity of the Fermi level when the MIT occurs, suggesting that the transition is not due to Coulomb repulsion mechanism. The 3D variable range hopping regime evidenced by electrical transport measurements at low temperatures indicates the localized nature of the electronic states on the Fermi level. Quantitative analyses of carrier concentration, carrier mobility, and simulated density of states (DOS) fully support that LixFe7Se8is an Anderson insulator. On the basis of these results, we provide a unified DOS picture to explain all the experimental results, and a schematic diagram for finding other potential Anderson insulators. This material will thus serve as a rich playground for both theoretical and experimental investigations on MITs and disorder-induced phenomena.
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42

Heon, Jeon Byeong, Jeong Hoon Son, and Dong Sik Bae. "Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Doped CeO2 Nanopowders by a Hydrothermal Process." Journal of Nano Research 47 (May 2017): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.47.49.

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Hydrothermal processes have the potential for the direct preparation of crystalline ceramic powders and offer a low-temperature alternative to conventional powder synthesis techniques in the production of oxide powders. These processes can produce fine, high-purity, stoichiometric particles of single and multi-component metal oxides. Furthermore, if process conditions such as solute concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and the type of solvent are carefully controlled, the desired shape and size of particles can be produced. Uniform distribution of the particles is key for optimal control of grain size and microstructure in order to maintain high reliability. It has been demonstrated that such powders are composed of much softer agglomerates and sinter much better than those prepared by calcination decomposition of the same oxides. These powders could be sintered at low temperature without calcination and milling steps. The objective of this study was to synthesis TiO2-CeO2 nanosized crystalline particles by a hydrothermal process.TiO2-CeO2 nanosized powders were prepared under high temperature and pressure conditions by precipitation from metal nitrates with aqueous potassium hydroxide. The TiO2-CeO2 nanosized powder was obtained at 185°C and 6 h. The average size and size distribution of the synthesized particles were below 10±5 nm and narrow, respectively. The XRD diffraction pattern shows that the synthesized particles were crystalline. This study has shown that the synthesis of TiO2-CeO2 nanosized crystalline particles is possible under hydrothermal conditions in aqueous solution.
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43

Ginsbach, A., G. Adrian, R. Schneider, G. Schulz, H. W. Grueninger, G. Grabe, and H. Adrian. "Electrical and structural properties of YBa2Cu3O7 films on poly and single crystalline oxides of Cu and Ni." Physica C: Superconductivity 185-189 (December 1991): 2111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(91)91180-c.

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44

da Silva, Margarete Soares, Alberto A. Cavalheiro, Maria Aparecida Zaghete, Mário Cilense, Guilhermina F. Teixeira, Gustavo F. Cavenago, Rafael Gomes Dias, and Lucas L. Silva. "Parameters Optimization of Heat Treatment for Obtaining Luminescent PZT Powders." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.519.

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Low crystalline PZT powder samples were successfully synthesized using polymeric precursor method and slow decomposition steps. The polymeric resin precursor was thermal treated in a muffle type oven varying the temperature from 250 °C to 700 °C and the time from 3 to 24 hours in order to investigate the order/disorder mechanism toward the amorphous powders. Powder samples with low crystalline phases were obtained at lower temperatures and long time of thermal treatment, demonstrating a kinetic dependence for organic removal and a thermodynamic barrier for crystallization processes. Through XRD and FTIR spectroscopy characterizations the long time thermal treated samples showed to be composed of the solid solution of metal oxides in absent of organic matter, originating broad XRD peaks profiles and no carbonaceous bands in FTIR spectra. A Photoluminescence characterization showed that the peak emission is higher for disordered and homogeneous phases, which only can be reached through the long time of thermal treatment.
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45

Guo, D. Z., K. Yu-Zhang, A. Gloter, G. M. Zhang, and Z. Q. Xue. "Synthesis and characterization of tungsten oxide nanorods." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 3665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0469.

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Single crystalline nanorods (15–200 nm in diameter and hundreds nanometers in length) have been formed on the carbon-covered W wires by simple electric heating under a vacuum of 5 × 10−4 Pa. The chemical composition and crystalline structure of the nanorods were carefully investigated by various characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. After ruling out any possible existence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), tungsten carbide, W–Fe alloying, and formation of other types of tungsten oxides, monoclinic W18O49 phase has been well identified. The mechanism of nanorod formation of sub-tungsten oxide (∼WO2.7 compared to WO3) will be discussed in relation to the sample preparation conditions.
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46

Vasilopoulou, Maria, Ermioni Polydorou, Antonios M. Douvas, Leonidas C. Palilis, Stella Kennou, and Panagiotis Argitis. "Annealing-free highly crystalline solution-processed molecular metal oxides for efficient single-junction and tandem polymer solar cells." Energy & Environmental Science 8, no. 8 (2015): 2448–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee01116g.

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47

Dong, Guohua, Suzhi Li, Mouteng Yao, Ziyao Zhou, Yong-Qiang Zhang, Xu Han, Zhenlin Luo, et al. "Super-elastic ferroelectric single-crystal membrane with continuous electric dipole rotation." Science 366, no. 6464 (October 24, 2019): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay7221.

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Ferroelectrics are usually inflexible oxides that undergo brittle deformation. We synthesized freestanding single-crystalline ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) membranes with a damage-free lifting-off process. Our BaTiO3 membranes can undergo a ~180° folding during an in situ bending test, demonstrating a super-elasticity and ultraflexibility. We found that the origin of the super-elasticity was from the dynamic evolution of ferroelectric nanodomains. High stresses modulate the energy landscape markedly and allow the dipoles to rotate continuously between the a and c nanodomains. A continuous transition zone is formed to accommodate the variant strain and avoid high mismatch stress that usually causes fracture. The phenomenon should be possible in other ferroelectrics systems through domain engineering. The ultraflexible epitaxial ferroelectric membranes could enable many applications such as flexible sensors, memories, and electronic skins.
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48

WANG, ZHONG LIN, and ZHENGWEI PAN. "NANOBELTS OF SEMICONDUCTIVE OXIDES: A STRUCTURALLY AND MORPHOLOGICALLY CONTROLLED NANOMATERIALS SYSTEM." International Journal of Nanoscience 01, no. 01 (February 2002): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x02000024.

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We have developed a simple and economic technique for synthesis of one-dimensional nanobelt structures of semiconductive oxides such as ZnO, SnO 2, In 2 O 3, CdO, Ga 2 O 3 and PbO 2. The as-synthesized oxide nanobelts are pure, structurally uniform, single crystalline and most of them free from dislocations; they have a rectangular-like cross-section with typical widths of 30–300 nanometers, width-to-thickness ratios of 5–10 and lengths of up to a few millimeters. The belt-like morphology appears to be a unique and common structural characteristic for the family of semiconducting oxides with cations of different valence states and materials of distinct crystallographic structures. The nanobelts are structurally and morphologically controlled and they are intrinsic semiconductors, providing a new system after carbon nanotubes for a systematic understanding on dimensionally confined transport phenomena in functional oxides. They are also ideal building blocks for fabrication of nanoscale devices based on the integrity of individual nanobelts.
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49

Schmidt, Ella M., Johnathan M. Bulled, and Andrew L. Goodwin. "Efficient fitting of single-crystal diffuse scattering in interaction space: a mean-field approach." IUCrJ 9, no. 1 (November 3, 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252521009982.

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The diffraction patterns of crystalline materials with strongly correlated disorder are characterized by the presence of structured diffuse scattering. Conventional analysis approaches generally seek to interpret this scattering either atomistically or in terms of pairwise (Warren–Cowley) correlation parameters. Here it is demonstrated how a mean-field methodology allows efficient fitting of diffuse scattering directly in terms of a microscopic interaction model. In this way the approach gives as its output the underlying physics responsible for correlated disorder. Moreover, the use of a very small number of parameters during fitting renders the approach surprisingly robust to data incompleteness, a particular advantage when seeking to interpret single-crystal diffuse scattering measured in complex sample environments. As the basis of this proof-of-concept study, a toy model is used based on strongly correlated disorder in diammine mercury(II) halides.
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50

CHEN, DONG-MENG, and LIANG-JIAN ZOU. "ORBITAL INSULATORS AND ORBITAL ORDER–DISORDER INDUCED METAL–INSULATOR TRANSITION IN TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 05 (February 20, 2007): 691–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207036618.

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The role of orbital ordering on metal–insulator transition in transition-metal oxides is investigated by the cluster self-consistent field approach in the strong correlation regime. A clear dependence of the insulating gap of single-particle excitation spectra on the orbital order parameter is found. The thermal fluctuation drives the orbital order–disorder transition, diminishes the gap and leads to the metal–insulator transition. The unusual temperature dependence of the orbital polarization in the orbital insulator is also manifested in the resonant X-ray scattering intensity.
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