Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dislocations'
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Bigger, James R. K. "Dislocations in semiconductors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2be9288d-caee-4070-b535-b8fc6406b4d1.
Full textFalkner, Aryanna M. "Dislocations: Short Stories." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586438288966435.
Full textChen, Qian. "Evolution, interaction, and intrinsic properties of dislocations in intermetallics anisotropic 3D dislocation dynamics approach /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
Find full textPortelette, Luc. "Analyse des mécanismes de glissement des dislocations dans l'UO2 à l'aide de la modélisation multi-échelles comparée à l'expérience." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0406/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the study of fuel elements of pressurized water reactors and, more specifically, focus on the understanding and modelling of the viscoplastic behavior of uranium dioxide (UO$_2$) at polycrystalline scale. During the incidental operation of the reactor, the fuel undergoes a strong increase of temperature and thermal gradient between the center and the periphery of the pellet leading to viscoplastic strains due to dislocation movement mechanisms. First, a crystal plasticity model was developed in order to describe the viscoplastic anisotropy of the material considering the temperature and the loading rate. Finite element (FE) simulations on single crystals enabled to highlight that the three slip modes generally observed in UO$_2$ are crucial to describe the anisotropic behavior of the material. Secondly, coefficients of the interaction matrix have been identified specifically for UO$_2$ in order to improve the polycrystal modelling. Indeed, by calculating geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs), which are responsible of the great increase of the stored dislocation density in polycrystals, the interactions between dislocations enable to simulate de grain size sensitivity and hardening of the fuel pellet. Finally, the model adapted for polycrystals, have been validated by comparing FE simulations with pellet compression tests and by comparing the simulated intra-granular behavior with EBSD measurements. Thanks to the latter comparison, it is possible to indirectly compare the strain heterogeneities in the grains
Bourcier, Charline. "Les dislocations de l'espace pictural." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3096.
Full textGerhard Richter painted Tisch in 1962. In this painting, a table, which is represented in perspective, has been erased with a violent gestural brushstroke. The pictorial space stands between the illusion of depth and the emphasized materiality of the canvas and the painting. The dislocations of the pictorial space, fostered by Richter’s personal practice and supplemented with the work of current young artists, heirs to his productive alterations, such as Adrian Ghenie, Duncan Wylie or Stephen Bush, these dislocations show the dynamic relationships which animate a figuration in tension with the picture and the painting. Stains, patterns, and streaks destabilize established iconic values while creating ambiguous worlds. The pictorial space oscillates between dexterity and letting go. The incompleteness and the reserves display the wavering of its constitutive layers
Ren, Qiang. "Dislocations in monolayers and semiconductors." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10014.
Full textValladares, Alexander. "Modelling of dislocations in silicon." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302400.
Full textKolodzie, Annette Therese. "EELS at dislocations in diamond." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615749.
Full textMadec, Ronan. "Des intersections entre dislocations à la plasticité du monocristal CFC : étude par dynamique des dislocations." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112239.
Full textA new three-dimensional simulation of dislocation dynamics and interactions bas been designed with the objective of investigating the plasticity of FCC single crystals from a physical viewpoint. In this "Mixed model" the line character is discretised into screw, edge and mixed orientations, which allows in particular to perform an accurate description of the formation and destruction of junctions between dislocations. In addition, periodic boundary conditions are included, which allows to obtain a balance of dislocation fluxes in the simulated volume and a realistic description of the dislocation densities. The first applications were concerned with plastic flow in FCC single crystals. The scaling law of the forest model and the average strength of secant obstacles were obtained without any fitting parameter. Then, the specific contribution of each different interaction between glide systems was measured. The corresponding strengths are rather uneven. Dipolar interactions are weak, while junctions constitute on the whole strong obstacles as expected. The interaction between one slip system and its cross-slipped system, which bas been largely ignored until now, appears to be the strongest. This surprising result calls for an exhaustive study. Indeed, it may bring new answers to pending questions related to the formation of patterned microstructures and the relative contribution of diagonal and cross coefficients in the hardening matrix
Landeiro, dos Reis Marie. "Étude de l'interaction dislocation - amas de lacunes par simulations numériques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS311/document.
Full textVacancy clusters have been observed and characterized experimentally in highly pure metals after plastic deformation or after a particular sequence of heat treatments. These clusters hinder the dislocation propagation and can therefore harden the metal.Using numerical simulations we have explored different mecanisms of dislocation propagation through a vacancy-cluster distribution, for several applied shear stress and temperature. At high stresses, the force applied on the dislocation becomes greater than the pinning forces acting on the line. The dislocation gets through the cluster distribution by gliding and shearing the clusters. The dependence of the pinning force with the cluster size is adjusted on our molecular static simulations. In this stress range, the pinning configurations are rare and the thermal activation is sufficient to unpin the line. The probability for the line to pass the pinning configuration depends on the activation enthalpy, a parameter that we have also estimated using an analytical model adjusted on our atomistic results. At lower stresses, when the applied force is below the pinning forces induced by the cluster, the probability that the dislocation unpins by pure glide becomes negligeable. The diffusion of vacancies, emitted preferentially from the vacancy clusters, intervenes and promotes the formation of jogs that contributes to the unpinning of the line. Such a mecanism is the glide assisted by climb. The emission, the absorption and the vacancy migration barriers have been determined by molecular static and are highly dependent on the elastic field and the atomic network distortion induced by the dislocation. This promotes a strong diffusion anisotropy in the vicinity of the dislocations which leads in particular to the pipe diffusion mechanism. The evolution with time of all these mechanisms has been studied using an elastic line model coupled to a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm in which the parameters come from our atomistic simulations. According to the model assumptions, we obtained an estimation of dislocation velocity as a function of the applied shear stress and the temperature. We used the Orowan's law to estimate the strain rate related to such mechanisms
Haziot, Ariel. "Mouvement des dislocations dans l'hélium-4." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856731.
Full textLiu, Xian Wei. "Dislocations in strained-layer semiconductor heterostructures." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299912.
Full textHaziot, Ariel. "Mouvement des dislocations dans l’hélium-4." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066092.
Full textWe have shown that the shear modulus of Helium-4 single crystals is highly reduced in one particular direction if their dislocations are free to move. This "Giant Plasticity'' occurs at low enough temperature where thermal phonons disappear and probably down to absolute zero if Helium-3 impurities are suppressed. By studying single crystals with various orientations, we have identified the gliding plane of the dislocations: it is the basal plane of the hcp structure. We found no dissipation in the giant plasticity region and a linear elastic behavior for single crystals down to 10 mK and nanobar stresses. This suggests that dislocations are strings moving freely with no measurable Peierls barriers to overcome, as assumed in the Granato-Lücke theory. We have also demonstrated that the dissipation occurring at higher temperature is due to collisions with thermal phonons. It allowed us to measure precisely the dislocation densities (10^4 to 10^6 cm^-2 depending on crystal quality) and lengths (50 to 200 micron) and to show that these dislocations are grouped in sub-boundaries, consequently poorly connected. These results rule out most existing scenarios for a possible supersolidity of solid Helium-4. A last series of experiments gave us the evidence for a critical dislocation speed under which the impurities bound to the dislocations can follow their motion. A comparison with classical crystals is interesting
Li, Yang. "Fragilisation des aciers de cuve irradiés : analyse numérique des mécanismes de plasticité à l’aide de simulations de dynamique des dislocations." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN031/document.
Full textThe interplay between radiation-generated defects and dislocation networks leads to a variety of changes in mechanical properties and results in a detrimental effect on the structural reactor component lifetime. The present PhD work focuses on studying elementary and collective dislocation mechanisms in irradiated iron-based materials, by means of dislocation dynamics (DD) simulations.Evolutions of the radiation-induced defect microstructure are studied first. Namely, the 1D diffusion of interacting prismatic loops is analyzed using the stochastic dislocation dynamics approach, accounting for the elastic forces acting between the loops and the stochastic forces associated with ambient thermal fluctuations. It is found that the interplay between stochastic forces and internal degrees of freedom of loops, in particular the loop reorientation, strongly influences the observed loop dynamics, especially the reaction rates resulting in the elastic confinement of loops.The cross-slip effect on the dislocation/loop interactions is then examined using a specific initial configuration associated with the glide plane change of a screw dislocation source, due to a single and well defined cross-slip event. It is shown that cross-slip significantly affects the effective strength of dislocation/defect interactions and therefore, post-irradiation plastic strain spreading.Lastly, post-irradiation plastic strain spreading is investigated at the grain scale using segment-based dislocation dynamics simulations, accounting for the thermally activated (screw) dislocation slip and cross-slip mechanisms. It is shown that each simulated irradiation condition can be characterized by a specific “Defect-Induced Apparent Straining Temperature shift” (ΔDIAT) level, reflecting the statistical evolutions of the effective dislocation mobility. It is found that the calculated ΔDIAT level closely matches the ductile to brittle transition temperature shift (ΔDBTT) associated with the corresponding, experimentally-observed defect size and number density. This ΔDIAT/ΔDBTT correlation can be explained based on plastic strain spreading arguments
Shi, Xiangjun. "Etude par simulations de dynamique des dislocations des effets d'irradiation sur la ferrite à haute température." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066500/document.
Full textThis study is a contribution to the multi-scale modeling of hardening and embrittlement of the vessel steel in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) under irradiation conditions. Dislocation Dynamics simulations (DD) were conducted to describe the plasticity of irradiated iron at grain scale. Quantitative information about the pinning strength of radiation-induced loops was extracted and can be transferred at crystal plasticity scale. Elementary interactions between an edge dislocation and different types of loops were first analyzed. A new model of DD was identified and validated, both qualitatively in terms of interaction mechanisms and quantitatively in terms of critical stress, using Molecular Dynamics results available in the literature. The influence of the size of the loops and of the strain rate was particularly studied. Elementary simulations involving a screw dislocation and the same radiation-induced defects were conducted and carefully compared to available MD results, extending the range of validity of our model. Finally, a set of massive simulations involving an edge dislocation and a large number of loops was performed and allowed a first estimation of the obstacle strength for this type of defects (α≈0.26). This value is in a good agreement with previous experimental and numerical studies, and gives us confidence in future work based on this new DD model
Oliveira, Maria Angela Loyola de. "Émission et développement de dislocations en tête de fissure dans le silicium : analyse tridimensionnelle de l'interaction dislocation/fissure." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL067N.
Full textTighe, Stephen Patrick. "Macroscopic dislocation modelling." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e4f00d59-71b0-43c0-b141-0bb7e6108fff.
Full textShi, Xiangjun. "Etude par simulations de dynamique des dislocations des effets d'irradiation sur la ferrite à haute température." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066500.pdf.
Full textThis study is a contribution to the multi-scale modeling of hardening and embrittlement of the vessel steel in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) under irradiation conditions. Dislocation Dynamics simulations (DD) were conducted to describe the plasticity of irradiated iron at grain scale. Quantitative information about the pinning strength of radiation-induced loops was extracted and can be transferred at crystal plasticity scale. Elementary interactions between an edge dislocation and different types of loops were first analyzed. A new model of DD was identified and validated, both qualitatively in terms of interaction mechanisms and quantitatively in terms of critical stress, using Molecular Dynamics results available in the literature. The influence of the size of the loops and of the strain rate was particularly studied. Elementary simulations involving a screw dislocation and the same radiation-induced defects were conducted and carefully compared to available MD results, extending the range of validity of our model. Finally, a set of massive simulations involving an edge dislocation and a large number of loops was performed and allowed a first estimation of the obstacle strength for this type of defects (α≈0.26). This value is in a good agreement with previous experimental and numerical studies, and gives us confidence in future work based on this new DD model
Bicknell, Louise Susan, and n/a. "Genetic contributors to congenital joint dislocation." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080211.151359.
Full textBlumenau, Alexander Thorsten. "The modelling of dislocations in semiconductor crystals." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967384788.
Full textGalloway, Simon A. "The electrical properties of dislocations in GaAs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386991.
Full textBenlahsen, Mohammed. "L'Intéraction dislocations-interfaces : l'effet des modules élastiques." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2272.
Full textMorin, Matthew L., and Giles W. Becker. "An unusual variant of perilunate fracture dislocations." TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625400.
Full textArgani, Luca Prakash. "Dislocations and Green's functions in prestressed solids." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367724.
Full textArgani, Luca Prakash. "Dislocations and Green's functions in prestressed solids." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2014. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1213/1/Argani-Luca_PhD-Thesis_3D_EN-IT_embedded.pdf.
Full textKluender, Rafael. "Mesures en trois dimensions des distorsions cristallines par imagerie en diffraction de Bragg : application aux cristaux de glace." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635598.
Full textGallagher, Patrick John. "Dislocations in gallium arsenide deformed at high temperatures." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26700.
Full textApplied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate
Winkelman, Graham B. "Precipitation at dislocations in Al-Cu-Mg alloys." Monash University, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9581.
Full textPaterson, Carl. "Computer-generated diffractive optics with spiral phase dislocations." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243500.
Full textSun, Yeukui. "Study of growth, dislocations and luminescence in ZnO." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500411.
Full textSoin, Preetma Kaur. "First principles modelling of dislocations in BCC iron." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11752.
Full textJover, Carrasco Elena. "Simulations 3D des interactions entre fissure et dislocations." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03689315.
Full textFracture toughness in materials is not only controlled by macroscopic parameters but also by the microstructure. The defects of the crystalline structure such as voids, inclusions or dislocations can also greatly impact toughness. To better understand this, 3D simulations of a crack front interacting with dislocations will be carried out. These simulations aim at measuring the variations of the stress intensity factors on the crack front caused by the presence of dislocations. To carry out these simulations, two preexisting models will be combined: Extended Finite Elements Method (XFEM) and Discrete Dislocation Dynamics (DDD). XFEM is an evolution of the Finite Elements Methods that allows the study of a propagating crack without needing to remesh, it will control the studied volume, the applied loading and the crack position while DDD controls the dislocations, their movement, and their multiplication. The accuracy of the created model is tested by comparisons with atomistic simulations. To test the effect of dislocations on toughness, several dislocations with different slip systems were studied. Other parameters such as dislocation crack distance, line direction, and initial strain were also studied. To compare the studied model with existing simulation results, two crack orientations were selected. The studied dislocations have different behaviors depending on their slip system. The results show dislocations creating shielding, antishielding or a combination of both. These effects are only dependent of the dislocation nature, and do not change when the dislocation line direction changes or if the dislocation is farther from the crack, though the intensity of the effect does change given these circumstances. Since the presence of dislocations is associated to a shear stress in their glide planes, it is found that they have more effect on KII than on KI. KII also controls the crack propagation angle, which means that the dislocations are one of the main sources of crack deviation
Soyez, Thomas. "Étude du glissement des dislocations dans le zirconium." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP053.
Full textZirconium alloys are used in the nuclear industry as fuel cladding tubes and structural components of the fuel assemblies. In order to properly predict the mechanical behavior of those alloys throughout their usage time, it is necessary to understand the physical mechanisms controlling plasticity. Deformation in metals is usually accommodated by dislocation glide and twinning. Zirconium has a hexagonal close packed structure and its plastic deformation is anisotropic. For a mechanical loading along the axis of the crystal, the principal deformation mode corresponding to dislocation glide cannot accommodate the deformation and dislocation glide and twinning have to be activated. This thesis aims to study properties of dislocations based on two complementary approaches, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations and atomic simulations.TEM observations underlined the glide system of the dislocations, which exclusively glide in first order pyramidal planes even, with cross slip between different first order pyramidal planes being activated at room temperature. dislocations appear rectilinear, with a preferential orientation along the direction which is the intersection between the glide plane and the basal plane. TEM in situ tensile test experiments show that this orientation glide with difficulty. Two types of glide mechanism were observed: a rigid motion where the dislocation keeps its shape while gliding and a viscous motion of these segments leading to the creation of macro-kinks.Atomic simulations rationalize the glide of dislocations in first order pyramidal plane with the existence of stacking faults in the possible glide planes and with a ground state structure of the screw dislocation which dissociates in two non-equivalent partial dislocations in a first order pyramidal plane. The evolution of this structure under an applied stress allowed to obtain the Peierls stress which depends on the direction of the applied stress and underlined a difficult glide: the Peierls stress of this screw dislocation is thirty times greater than the one of the dislocation. Thermal activation appears therefore necessary for dislocation glide. Molecular dynamics simulations evidence a glide of the screw dislocation operating by double kinks nucleation. The structure of the dislocation oriented in its direction is dissociated in its glide plane, i.e. a first order pyramidal plane, and also a secondary plane whose nature varies with the energetic model. This secondary dissociation is expected to explain the difficult glide of this orientation
Douin, Joël. "Structure fine des dislocations et plasticité dans NiAl." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604626p.
Full textTaupin, Vincent Fressengeas Claude. "Incompatibilité de réseau et organisation collective des dislocations." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2007/Taupin.Vincent.SMZ0725.pdf.
Full textArslan, Ilke. "Atomic scale characterization of threading dislocations in GaN /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full textKerr, David. "Resolving geometrically necessary dislocations and application in copper." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42263.
Full textPoty, Alexandre. "Etude de la plasticité dans les métaux hexagonaux à l'échelle atomique : dynamique des dislocations par dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ010S/document.
Full textThe forming of a material requires the deformation at an atomic level of his structure. This deformation involves the creation and movement of defaults like the dislocations. The dislocations mobility plays a major role in the plasticity of the materials. There are different types of dislocations gliding on different gliding systems. Currently the principal gliding systems are well known but the secondary systems aren't. Our work is to define the principal and the secondary gliding systems, to rank them and to calculate the value of the critical resolved shear stress responsible for the dislocation movement. For that we chose to use Molecular Dynamics with EAM (Embedded Atom Method) potentials. We began our studies by comparing the results of several EAM potentials for Zirconium and Titanium to the plastic and elastic properties obtained experimentally or by ab initio calculation.We studied edge dislocations in the prismatic, basal and pyramidal 1 planes. We calculated the critical resolved shear stress of these dislocations in Zirconium and Titanium. Finally we got interested in the fault energies of several gliding planes of Zirconium and Titanium. For that we calculated the γ surfaces of those planes. We compared results obtained by molecular dynamics to results obtained by ab initio calculation. We finally gave a classification of those planes
Joste, Baptiste. "Simulation of plastic strain localization by Discrete Dislocation Dynamics and crystal plasticity." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLM077.
Full textUnderstanding the deformation processes leading to the failure of polycrystalline materials is one of the major challenges in materials science. To date, the mechanisms of plastic strain localization into slip bands and the propagation of deformation through a polycrystalline aggregate are not fully understood. Investigating such phenomena is the aim of the 3DiPolyPlast ANR project. In the proposed multi-scale simulation approach, Discrete Dislocation Dynamics (DDD) simulations will be used to better model the individual and collective behavior of dislocations at the mesoscopic scale. The majority of the simulations carried out are based on a so-called weak coupling between DDD and the Finite Element Method (FEM), in which the stress field resulting from a FEM calculation in elasticity is used as the initial intragranular loading condition. This assumption enables a more systematic and physically justified study of the various mechanisms taking place during plastic deformation within the dislocation microstructure. The simulations carried out show the role played by the polycrystalline microstructure on the localization of plastic deformation, notably through elastic deformation incompatibilities leading to the appearance of intragranular stress concentrations. Using these simulations, we show that during plastic deformation, certain mechanisms such as cross-slip or collinear annihilation allow plastic deformation to initiate in certain regions of the grain. Meticulous observation of this dislocation microstructure has enabled us to reconsider one of the initial assumptions of our DDD simulations, the impenetrability of grain boundaries. In fact, the number of dislocations stacking up at grain boundaries is significant, and the stresses calculated at the head of these stacks are of the order of the GPa. Part of the work presented in this manuscript has therefore been dedicated to the implementation of a local rule to model the reaction mechanisms between dislocations and grain boundaries during plastic deformation. In addition, we have shown that these reaction mechanisms are responsible for a sharp decrease in kinematic strain hardening, leading to intense plastic slip in local regions of the grain. Further calculations were carried out within the framework of the discrete-continuous model (DCM), which couples crystal plasticity finite element calculations carried out on the complete polycrystalline aggregate with DDD simulations. This modeling provides a more precise description of plastic deformation mechanisms, and represents a major asset in the study of the role of interactions between grains, particularly during their plastic deformation. These simulations are also proving to be a source of information for better understanding the diffraction contrasts observed experimentally in X-ray topo-tomography
Taupin, Vincent. "Incompatibilité du réseau cristallin et organisation collective des dislocations." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ025S/document.
Full textA field dislocation theory was studied in various plasticity problems where the dislocation distribution involves internal stresses of the order of applied stress field. This theory couples the dynamics of statistical and excess dislocation densities. The latter accommodate plastic distortion gradients and generate internal stress fields. A 2D model was introduced. As a first application, it reproduced the intermittency of plasticity. This phenomenon is linked to internal stresses which, associated with transport equation, lead to a collective movement of dislocations, in the form of fast and localized avalanches. The model then described the torsion creep of ice single crystals. Excess basal screw dislocations accommodate its deformation. A softening size effect with decreasing radius and the original behavior in reversed torsion were also reproduced. The model then studied the evolution of dislocation structures during the aging of ice single crystals deformed in compression creep. Internal stresses relaxation increase creep rate while dislocation structure annihilation remains negligible. The model finally showed that internal stresses generated during the propagation of a Lüders band in mild steels avoid the nucleation of a new band after aging if the sense of straining is reversed. Internal stresses, associated with transport equation, are responsible for band propagation
Valdenaire, Pierre-Louis. "Plasticité cristalline : Equations de transport et densités de dislocations." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM002/document.
Full textThe mechanical behavior of industrial metallic alloys, in particular those used in the aerospace industry, is controlled by the existence of several types of precipitates and by the nucleation and propagation of crystalline defects such as dis- locations. The understanding of this behavior requires continuous models to access the macroscopic scale. However, even today, conventional plasticity theories use mesoscopic variables and evolution equations that are not based on the transport of dislocations. Therefore, these theories are based on phenomenological laws that must be calibrated for each material, or, for each specific applications. It is therefore highly desirable to make link between the micro and macro scales, in order to derive a continuous theory of plasticity from the fundamental equations of the dislocation dynamics. The aim of this thesis is precisely to contribute the elaboration of such a theory. The first step has consisted to rigorously establish a coarse graining procedure in a simplified situation. We have then obtained a set of hyperbolic transport equations on dislocation densities, controlled by a local friction stress and a local back-stress that emerge from the scale change. We have then developed a numerical procedure to compute these local terms and analyze their behavior. Finally, we have developed an efficient numerical scheme to integrate the transport equations as well as a multigrid spectral scheme to solve elastic equilibrium associated to an arbitrary eigenstrain in an elastically heterogeneous and anisotropic medium
Geslin, P. A. "Contribution à la modélisation champ de phase des dislocations." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01009892.
Full textChang, Jinpeng 1974. "Atomistics of defect nucleation and mobility : dislocations and twinning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16601.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 199-211).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Multiscale materials modeling has emerged in recent years as a significant concept and the only viable approach to understand the mechanical response of materials by linking modeling research at different length scales and time scales, including quantum mechanics, atomistics modeling, mesoscale modeling and continuum modeling together. The role that atomistic modeling plays is important and indispensable in that it can generate understanding of the physics and pass this mechanistic understanding as well as important parameters to higher level simulations. This thesis presents theories and simulations of defect nucleation and mobility in BCC transition metal molybdenum using atomistic methods, with the two primary defects of interest being dislocations and deformation twinning, and emphasis on the atomistic mechanisms and measures. The contributions presented in the thesis may be regarded as advances in both methods development and mechanistic understanding of dislocation mobility and twinning nucleation. For atomistic studies of dislocations in a simulation cell of finite size, new methods have been derived to (1) calculate the atomic displacement field under PBC and generate atomic dislocation configuration from this displacement field; (2) quantify artificial image effect for a dislocation moving within the periodic cell and optimize geometry of simulation cell to minimize such effects. These methodological breakthroughs serve as the basis for atomistic studies of dislocations and are used repeatedly in this thesis. To understand the complex plasticity behavior of BCC metal molybdenum, we need to first understand the most fundamental problem of core structure
(cont.) and lattice resistance of straight dislocations before considering more complicated structures including kinks, jogs, junctions, etc. In this thesis, we examine the two major types of dislocations that are of primary interest in BCC molybdenum: screw dislocations, which is the major plasticity carrier at low temperatures, and edge dislocations, which become important at elevated temperatures. For screw dislocations, the issue of whether core is polarized or not is explored by a static calculation of core structure for the first time by a tight-binding potential. The screw core structure is determined to be non-polarized; however, the magnitude of Peierls stress, which is a measure of the lattice resistance to dislocation motion and is calculated accurately using a local-driving-force method in this thesis, remains rather high despite of the non-polarized core, suggesting that core polarization is a secondary and less important effect compared to core planarity. For edge dislocations in molybdenum, the core structure and Peierls stress is calculated using a Finnis-Sinclair potential and it is shown that edge dislocation in Mo has a planar core structure and a core width of approximately 11[angstroms], is indeed very mobile and has a Peierls stress of only 25 MPa, after correction for image effects due to boundary conditions. This new result is consistent with experimental observations of high mobility of edge dislocations and clearly rejects the proposal of kink mechanisms operating on edge dislocations that arose in the literature as a result of previous inaccurate Peierls stress calculations yielding an unrealistically high value of 700 MPa ...
by Jinpeng Chang.
Ph.D.
Ntungu, Rodrigue Bamenga. "Ethical perspectives on mining-induced dislocations in Eastern Congo." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108281.
Full textThesis advisor: Kristin E. Heyer
It might be unusual to identify the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) as a country where expulsions put at flagrant risk thousands of small farmers to make way for economic projects or natural resources extraction, as is the case in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, India, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. The lack of documentation and data greatly contributes to silencing the victims of dislocations in Eastern Congo. This research, therefore, voices six critical claims by raising the ethical question: how can Christian ethics—in the only African country with the greatest proportion (43.2 million) of baptized Catholics—humanize involuntary displacement and resettlement of communities? While the “resource curse theory” has revealed the challenges of a country riddled with economic constraints, political instability, and mining-induced conflicts, this research proposes the “protological ethics of land” as one approach to dislocations in the era of extractive industries
Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry
Discipline: Sacred Theology
Vorontsov, Vassili Andreyevich. "Phase field modelling of dislocations in nickel base superalloys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610288.
Full textBouzaher, Abdallah. "Réseau bipériodique de dislocations d'hétéro-interface en élasticité anisotrope." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0089.
Full textCarton, Patrick. "Caractérisation de GaAs massif et contraste EBIC des dislocations." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10052.
Full textMaloy, Stuart Andrew. "Dislocations and mechanical properties of single crystal molybdenum silicide." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057592461.
Full textGirault, Patrick. "Activité électrique des dislocations dans le Hg0,8Cd0,2Te déformé plastiquement." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2309.
Full textGeslin, Pierre-Antoine. "Contribution à la modélisation champs de phase des dislocations." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066608.
Full textThe plastic behavior of metallic alloys is often influenced by the interactions between second phase precipitates and dislocations. The dynamics of these linear defects can be investigated by phase-field methods whose main advantage is their variational nature, which enables a natural coupling with the dynamics of other defects (solute atoms, vacancies, second phase precipitates. . . ). The purpose of this thesis is to develop phase field models able to study dislocations behavior, their interactions with second phase precipitates and climb mechanisms by vacancy absorption/emission. We first propose an elastically non-linear phase-field model that naturally accounts for dislocations glide, nucleation and cross-slip. Using this model, we confirm that coherency loss of precipitates can occur by prismatic punching mechanisms, as proposed in previous studies. Then, we propose a coupling between this approach and a phase field model for microstructural evolutions and apply it to the analysis of AlS_3SSc precipitates in an aluminum matrix. We show that dislocations can modify significantly the precipitate interface morphology, which in turn can influence the mechanical response of the alloy. Finally, we propose a phase-field model for dislocation climb by vacancy diffusion and absorption/emission. We specially investigate the limiting character of the absorption/emission mechanisms at the dislocation core