Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dislocations dans les cristaux – Dynamique'
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Madec, Ronan. "Des intersections entre dislocations à la plasticité du monocristal CFC : étude par dynamique des dislocations." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112239.
Full textA new three-dimensional simulation of dislocation dynamics and interactions bas been designed with the objective of investigating the plasticity of FCC single crystals from a physical viewpoint. In this "Mixed model" the line character is discretised into screw, edge and mixed orientations, which allows in particular to perform an accurate description of the formation and destruction of junctions between dislocations. In addition, periodic boundary conditions are included, which allows to obtain a balance of dislocation fluxes in the simulated volume and a realistic description of the dislocation densities. The first applications were concerned with plastic flow in FCC single crystals. The scaling law of the forest model and the average strength of secant obstacles were obtained without any fitting parameter. Then, the specific contribution of each different interaction between glide systems was measured. The corresponding strengths are rather uneven. Dipolar interactions are weak, while junctions constitute on the whole strong obstacles as expected. The interaction between one slip system and its cross-slipped system, which bas been largely ignored until now, appears to be the strongest. This surprising result calls for an exhaustive study. Indeed, it may bring new answers to pending questions related to the formation of patterned microstructures and the relative contribution of diagonal and cross coefficients in the hardening matrix
Oswald, Patrick. "Dynamique des dislocations dans les smectiques A et B." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112137.
Full textWe describe some plasticity experiments which point out the influence of dislocations in the lamellar phases smectic A and B. A first creep experiment in compression normal to the layers shows that in a smectic A, the distortion grows by the climb of the included edge dislocations rather than by molecular diffusion from the solid edges to the free surface. A second experiment of stress relaxation performed in the same conditions, reveals the existence, beyond a well defined stress threshold, of a sequence of screw dislocations helical instabilities. Compared with the theoritical models, these results provide information on the dislocations : elastic interactions, lime tension, core energy, mobility. In the case of dilation the situation is more complicated : an undulation instability of the layers occurs very early, it is rapidly followed by the nucleation of focal parabolae. We describe the sequence of instabilities in a large range of deformations as well as the mechanical anomalies associated to it. Finally we describe how, in a smectic A phase, the screw dislocations and the focal domains may interact and partially slow down a flow parallel to the layers. The smectic lubrification effect is also discussed and a measurement method of the viscosity, with one “floating” sample limiting slide, is presented. In a smectic B phase, two creep experiments of compression and shearing are described. They reveal a very high plastic anisotropy of this compound. We analyse it in terms of dislocations in the light of classical metallurgic models (creep by vacancy diffusion and activated dislocation glide). These results explain the occurrence of an undulation instability of the layers of a B phase, similar to what we observed in the A phase, but with much slower dynamics
El, Hajj Ahmad. "Analyse théorique et numérique de la dynamique des densités de dislocations." Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0373.
Full textDevincre, Benoît. "Simulations de la dynamique des dislocations à une échelle mésoscopique : une étude de la déformation plastique /." Gif-sur-Yvette : Service de documentation et d'édition multimédia, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357143426.
Full textFournet, René. "Etude de la formation de structures dislocatives dans des monocristaux sous contraintes mécaniques : approches analytique et numérique." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS050.
Full textIbrahim, Hassan. "Analyse de systèmes parabolique/Hamilton-Jacobi modélisant la dynamique de densités de dislocations en domaine borné." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004186.
Full textChang, Hyung-Jun. "Analysis of nano indentation size effect based on dislocation dynamics and crystal plasticity." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0134.
Full textThis thesis deals with experiments and simulations of nanoindentation in copper single crystals. Indentation experiments are performed with different orientations of the indentation axis and both the load-displacement curve and the surface imprint observed by atomic force microscopy are analysed and compared. Indentation size effect is observed for low penetration of the indenter. Simulations are then performed using crystal plasticity finite element modelling. ABAQUS user subroutines are specially developed in order to account for the physics of dislocation activity in the twelve glide systems of copper crystals. 3D simulations are then performed and comparisons with the experiments give access to key parameters of the constitutive equations. The indentation size effect is reproduced using a simplified size effect theory implanted in the finite element modelling. Finally, a multiscale approach based on discrete dislocation dynamics is used to reproduce (111) indentations of copper single crystals. Molecular dynamics simulations give details of dislocation nucleation beneath the indenter. Dislocation dynamics simulations are then performed and the indentation size effect is addressed
Durinck, Julien. "Modélisation de la plasticité de la forsterite par calculs à l'échelle atomique et par dynamique des dislocations." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9fd43a9a-26ef-450b-93e3-5ad8c43033b0.
Full textPillon, Laurianne. "Modélisations du mouvement instationnaire et des interactions de dislocations." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066353.
Full textPortelette, Luc. "Analyse des mécanismes de glissement des dislocations dans l'UO2 à l'aide de la modélisation multi-échelles comparée à l'expérience." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0406/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the study of fuel elements of pressurized water reactors and, more specifically, focus on the understanding and modelling of the viscoplastic behavior of uranium dioxide (UO$_2$) at polycrystalline scale. During the incidental operation of the reactor, the fuel undergoes a strong increase of temperature and thermal gradient between the center and the periphery of the pellet leading to viscoplastic strains due to dislocation movement mechanisms. First, a crystal plasticity model was developed in order to describe the viscoplastic anisotropy of the material considering the temperature and the loading rate. Finite element (FE) simulations on single crystals enabled to highlight that the three slip modes generally observed in UO$_2$ are crucial to describe the anisotropic behavior of the material. Secondly, coefficients of the interaction matrix have been identified specifically for UO$_2$ in order to improve the polycrystal modelling. Indeed, by calculating geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs), which are responsible of the great increase of the stored dislocation density in polycrystals, the interactions between dislocations enable to simulate de grain size sensitivity and hardening of the fuel pellet. Finally, the model adapted for polycrystals, have been validated by comparing FE simulations with pellet compression tests and by comparing the simulated intra-granular behavior with EBSD measurements. Thanks to the latter comparison, it is possible to indirectly compare the strain heterogeneities in the grains
Hildenbrand, Alain. "Recristallisation dynamique dans les matériaux cubiques centrés : simulation et application à sa mise en évidence dans les bandes de cisaillement adiabatique." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Hildenbrand.Alain.SMZ9839.pdf.
Full textThe dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurs during plastic deformation at high temperatures. Its interest is in the modification of the shape, the size and the orientation of the grains. It takes place under certain conditions, i. E. During hot forming processes (rolling, deep drawing) or when the strain rate is high (in adiabatic shear bands) or even in rocks and ice. It is therefore essential ta be able to predict the occurrence and the development of this phenomenon. The simulation too1, which was developed, is based on a self-consistent code, which uses the volume transfer scheme. This approach has been validated by the comparison between simulations and experiments carried out on a Ti IF steel. A scalar parameter [alpha] which was based on finite element results, has been introduced into the self-consistent interaction law. By varying ex, a parametric study has been carried out. The effect of other parameter, like the type of recrystallization (Orientcd nucleation and growth or Selective growth), the Euler space discretisation and the boundary conditions (Self-consistent or Taylor model) were also studied. The experimental part is about the verification of Occurrence of DRX in adiabatic shear bands. The SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscope) and the EBSD (Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction) were employed to study the crystallographic textures in a narrow zone which is the shear band. The comparisons of the experimental textures with previous simulations prove the occurrence of DRX. The results obtained in simulations are useful in the understanding of the propagation of adiabatic shear bands
Caillier, François. "Dynamique des dislocations coin et dissipation dans les films librement suspendus de cristal liquide smectique." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011175.
Full textcomme un réservoir dissipatif.
En régime quasi-statique, lorsque les échanges de matière entre le film et le ménisque sont lents, les écoulements de perméation autour des dislocations coin qui le composent sont à l'origine de sa perméabilité finie. Un modèle hydrodynamique montre que la dissipation est localisée à son entrée, dans la zone bien orientée et qu'elle dépend fortement de l'épaisseur du film. Dans les films fins, le ralentissement des boucles de dislocation et dans les films épais, la dynamique de relaxation de deux ménisques reliés par un même film ont permis de confirmer expérimentalement ce modèle.
La dynamique d'effondrement d'une bulle a permis de caractériser la dissipation dans des régimes d'écoulements plus rapides en mettant en évidence un écart à la loi de Laplace (statique). Les expériences montrent qu'après une étape conduisant à la déstructuration du ménisque, ce qui le rend plus perméable, la bulle peut s'effondrer, la matière s'engouffrant dans le ménisque avec un comportement rhéofluidifiant. De plus, la nucléation et la croissance d'îlots peut rendre le processus moins dissipatif, ce qui est essentiellement observé dans les films fins.
Manole, Ciprian. "Analyse des contraintes internes dans les monocristaux cfc : vers une nouvelle loi de plasticité cristalline." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00527162.
Full textJiang, Maoyuan. "Investigation of grain size and shape effects on crystal plasticity by dislocation dynamics simulations." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC035/document.
Full textDislocation Dynamics (DD) simulations are used to investigate the Hall-Petch (HP) effect and back stresses induced by grain boundaries (GB) in polycrystalline materials.The HP effect is successfully reproduced with DD simulations in simple periodic polycrystalline aggregates composed of 1 or 4 grains. In addition, the influence of grain shape was explored by simulating grains with different aspect ratios. A generalized HP law is proposed to quantify the influence of the grain morphology by defining an effective grain size. The average value of the HP constant K calculated with different crystal orientations at low strain is close to the experimental values.The dislocations stored during deformation are mainly located at GB and can be dealt with as a surface distribution of Geometrically Necessary Dislocations (GNDs). We used DD simulations to compute the back stresses induced by finite dislocation walls of different height, width, density and character. In all cases, back stresses are found proportional to the surface density and their spatial variations can be captured using a set of simple empirical equations. The back stress calculation inside grains is achieved by adding the contributions of GNDs accumulated at each GB facet.These back stresses are found to increase linearly with plastic strain and are independent of the grain size. The observed size effect in DD simulations is attributed to the threshold of plastic deformation, controlled by two competing mechanisms: the activation of dislocation sources and forest strengthening. Due to strain localization in coarse-grained materials, the pile-up model is used to predict the critical stress. By superposing such property to the analysis we made from DD simulations in the case of homogeneous deformation, the HP effect is justified for a wide range of grain sizes
Amodeo, Jonathan. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la déformation plastique de MgO monocristallin : du laboratoire au manteau terrestre." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10080/document.
Full textSurface geological events, like volcanos and earthquakes, are due to the internal dynamics of the Earth which tends to release its internal heat. Inside the Earth's mantle, solid rocks are plastically strained under extreme conditions of pressure, temperature and strainrate. In spite of recent experimental progress, it is still impossible to reach such conditions of deformation. This is why we propose an alternative approach, based on the multi-scale modeling of plasticity, from the laboratory conditions to the Earth's mantle. We have choosen to apply our model to magnesium oxide which is a phase present in the lower mantle.From core properties, we modeled a dislocation thermally activated mobility law based on the kink pair theory. Then, we have incorporated it inside a Dislocation Dynamics code to describe the collective behaviour of dislocations throughout numerical strain experiments. Here we show that MgO mechanical properties depends significantly on pressure and strainrate
Shukeir, Malik. "Modeling of irradiation effect on the plasticity of alpha-Iron using dislocation dynamics simulations : plasticity through multi-scale modeling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS363.
Full textThis work aims to reproduce the individual interactions between screw dislocations and radiation-induced loops using dislocation dynamics in good agreement with molecular dynamics simulations. Such agreement is characterized by reproducing the dynamics of the reaction and obtaining the critical resolved stress to overcome the obstacles. This approach provides the mean to calibrate our dislocation dynamics code with parameters from the molecular dynamics simulations. Consequently, it permits to perform massive simulations at the mesoscopic scale. In this scope, this work consists of two parts, an identification of the energetic model and identification of elementary mechanisms. In the first part we propose a procedure to calibrate the line tension based on Orowan's mechanism using a sensibility study. In the second part, we have identified the cross-slip and twining/anti-twinning mechanisms to be essential to reproduce the individual dislocation-loop interactions. The dislocation dynamics simulations are done using a 3D nodal code called NUMODIS, where the recent developments in this code are presented. The uniqueness of this code is its ability to manage and control collisions and core reactions between dislocation segments. This is done through a set of generic algorithms with the minimum amount of local rules
Oussaily, Aya. "Étude théorique et numérique des systèmes modélisant la dynamique des densités des dislocations." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. https://bibliotheque.utc.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/2021COMP2634.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the theoretical and numerical studies of dislocations densities. Dislocations are linear defects that move in crystals when those are subjected to exterior stress. More generally, the dynamics of dislocations densities are described by a system of transport equations where the velocity field depends non locally on the dislocations densities. First, we are interested in the study of a one dimensional submodel of a (2 × 2) Hamilton-Jacobi system introduced by Groma and Balogh in 1999, proposed in the two dimensional case. For this system, we prove global existence and uniqueness results. Adding to that, considering nondecreasing initial data, we study this problem numerically by proposing a finite difference implicit scheme for which we show the convergence. Then, inspired by the first work, we show a more general theory which allows us to get similar results of existence and uniqueness of solution in the case of one dimensional eikonal systems. By considering nondecreasing initial data, we study this problem numerically. Under certain conditions on the velocity, we propose a finite difference implicit scheme allowing us to calculate the discrete solution and simulate then the dislocations dynamics via this model
Montagne, Alex. "Mécanismes de déformation précédant et accompagnant le phénomène de pop-in lors d'un essai de nanoindentation sur un monocristal d'oxyde de magnésium." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664296.
Full textLebon, Cyril. "Etude expérimentale et simulation numérique des mécanismes de plasticité dans les alliages de zirconium." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808627.
Full textShashkov, Ivan. "Multiscale study of the intermittency of plastic deformation by acoustic emission method." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0326/document.
Full textRecent studies of plastic deformation using high-resolution experimental techniques testify that deformation processes are often characterized by collective effects that emerge on a mesoscopic scale, intermediate between the scale of individual crystal defects and that of the macroscopic sample. In particular, the acoustic emission (AE) method reveals intermittency of plastic deformation in various experimental conditions, which is manifested by the property of scale invariance, a characteristic feature of self-organized phenomena. The objective of the dissertation was to study the inherent structure of AE for different mechanisms of plastic deformation, to examine its dependence on the strain rate and strain hardening of the material, and to understand the relationships between short time scales related to organization of defects and those relevant to the continuous approach of plasticity. The study was performed on AlMg and Mg-based alloys, the plastic deformation of which is accompanied by a strong acoustic activity and controlled by different physical mechanisms: the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect in the first case and a combination of twinning and dislocation glide in the second case. Application of a technique of continuous AE recording ("data streaming") allowed proving that the apparent behavior, discrete or continuous, of AE accompanying the PLC effect depends on the time scale of observation and the physical parameters surveyed. However, unlike the traditional view, it appears that AE has an intermittent character during both stress serrations and macroscopically smooth flow. Using methods of the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems, such as the multifractal analysis, a tendency to a transition between the scale-invariant dynamics and the behaviors characterized by intrinsic scales was detected during work hardening. Finally, we proved that the power-law statistical distributions persist in wide ranges of variation of parameters conventionally used to individualize acoustic events. This result is of general importance because it applies to all avalanche-like processes emerging in dynamical systems
Choudhury, Anshuman. "Statistics of dislocations at low temperature in pure metals with body centered cubic symmetry." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS569/document.
Full textIn situ straining tests in high purity α-Fe thin-foils at low temperatures have demonstrated that crystalline defects, called dislocations, have a jerky type of motion made of intermittent long jumps of several nanometers. Such an observation is in conflict with the standard Peierls mechanism for plastic deformation in bcc crystals, where the screw dislocation jumps are limited by inter-reticular distances, i.e. of a few Angstroms. Employing atomic-scale simulations, we show that although the short jumps are initially more favorable, their realization requires the propagation of a kinked profile along the dislocation line which yields coherent atomic vibrations acting as traveling thermal spikes. Such local heat bursts favor the thermally assisted nucleation of new kinks in the wake of primary ones. The accumulation of new kinks leads to long dislocation jumps like those observed experimentally. Our study constitutes an important step toward predictive atomic-scale theory for materials deformation
Godet, Julien. "Etude par simulations et calculs atomistiques, de la formation de dislocations aux défauts de surface dans un cristal de silicium soumis à des contrainte." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00154364.
Full textles marches sont des sites privilégiés pour l'initiation de la plasticité.
L'analyse des déformations montre la nucléation de dislocations, en
particulier de type 60°, qui ont glissé systématiquement dans des plans du shuffle set. De plus, le type de dislocation nucléée dépend de la contrainte de scission résolue le long des plans de glissement et de la contrainte de Peierls. L'absence de cisaillement précurseur de la nucléation indique un couplage relativement faible entre tension et cisaillement des plans de glissement, contrairement aux métaux. Ce mécanisme de nucléation a été validé par un calcul ab initio, où une dislocation 60° a été nucléée dans un plan du shuffle set. Cependant, l'activation de ces sources est difficile pour les marches de faible hauteur. Finalement, nous avons montré que les liaisons pendantes de surface facilitent la rupture/recombinaison des liaisons atomiques
nécessaires à la nucléation.
Guénolé, Julien. "Étude par simulations à l'échelle atomique de la déformation de nanofils de silicium." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2321/document.
Full textThe study of semiconductor nano-objets has revealed amazing mechanical properties, different from what is commonly observed in bulk. Besides the technological interest of these objects, due to the ever more pronounced miniaturization of electronic devices, their intrinsic specificities make them particularly well suited for fundamental studies. During this thesis, we have thus studied the onset of plasticity in silicon nanowires, the first stages of plasticity being indeed deciding for the subsequent evolution of the system. Silicon is here considered as a model semiconductor. For that study, we have used atomistic simulations, which are well appropriate for the detailed analysis of the nano-objects atomic structure. We first recall the context of that study, both from the experiments and simulations points of view. We then present the numerical methods used. Thestudy of the deformation of monocrystalline nanowires is then described; it reveals in particular the deciding role of surfaces, and the activation of one slip system never observed in bulk silicon. This slip system is analyzed in details, and its activation is explained notably thanks to ab initio calculations. Finally, crystalline-amorphous core-shell silicon nanowires are considered; and shownto exhibit a different behavior from that of monocrystalline nanowires. Indeed, native defects at the crystalline/amorphous interface seem to act as seeds, favoring the nucleation of the first dislocation which gives rise to the plasticity
Haziot, Ariel. "Mouvement des dislocations dans l’hélium-4." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066092.
Full textWe have shown that the shear modulus of Helium-4 single crystals is highly reduced in one particular direction if their dislocations are free to move. This "Giant Plasticity'' occurs at low enough temperature where thermal phonons disappear and probably down to absolute zero if Helium-3 impurities are suppressed. By studying single crystals with various orientations, we have identified the gliding plane of the dislocations: it is the basal plane of the hcp structure. We found no dissipation in the giant plasticity region and a linear elastic behavior for single crystals down to 10 mK and nanobar stresses. This suggests that dislocations are strings moving freely with no measurable Peierls barriers to overcome, as assumed in the Granato-Lücke theory. We have also demonstrated that the dissipation occurring at higher temperature is due to collisions with thermal phonons. It allowed us to measure precisely the dislocation densities (10^4 to 10^6 cm^-2 depending on crystal quality) and lengths (50 to 200 micron) and to show that these dislocations are grouped in sub-boundaries, consequently poorly connected. These results rule out most existing scenarios for a possible supersolidity of solid Helium-4. A last series of experiments gave us the evidence for a critical dislocation speed under which the impurities bound to the dislocations can follow their motion. A comparison with classical crystals is interesting
Taupin, Vincent Fressengeas Claude. "Incompatibilité de réseau et organisation collective des dislocations." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2007/Taupin.Vincent.SMZ0725.pdf.
Full textCoupeau, Christophe. "Etude in situ de la déformation plastique par microscopie à force atomique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2255.
Full textFivel, Marc. "Etudes numériques à différentes échelles de la déformation plastique des monocristaux de structure CFC." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0130.
Full textAl, Zohbi Maryam. "Contributions to the existence, uniqueness, and contraction of the solutions to some evolutionary partial differential equations." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2646.
Full textIn this thesis, we are mainly interested in the theoretical and numerical study of certain equations that describe the dynamics of dislocation densities. Dislocations are microscopic defects in materials, which move under the effect of an external stress. As a first work, we prove a global in time existence result of a discontinuous solution to a diagonal hyperbolic system, which is not necessarily strictly hyperbolic, in one space dimension. Then in another work, we broaden our scope by proving a similar result to a non-linear eikonal system, which is in fact a generalization of the hyperbolic system studied first. We also prove the existence and uniqueness of a continuous solution to the eikonal system. After that, we study this system numerically in a third work through proposing a finite difference scheme approximating it, of which we prove the convergence to the continuous problem, strengthening our outcomes with some numerical simulations. On a different direction, we were enthused by the theory of differential contraction to evolutionary equations. By introducing a new distance, we create a new family of contracting positive solutions to the evolutionary p-Laplacian equation
Mariani, Jean-Luc. "Etude de l'activité recombinante des dislocations dans le silicium FZ et CZ." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30017.
Full textZafrany, Michael. "Contribution à l'étude des dislocations dans InP dopé et non dopé." Toulouse, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAT0024.
Full textDeschamps, Julein. "Directions de croissance et morphologie des microstructures en solidification cristalline directionnelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11052.
Full textThe thesis adresses the implications of anisotropy induced by rough interface growth in directional solidification. They notably include variable growth directions and dramatic morphological effects such as asymmetry, set of very large sidebranches and instabilities. The study is first focused on homogeneous structures before being widened to inhomogeneous situations. As the growth velocity increases, the growth direction of dendrites turns from a macroscopic direction given by the thermal gradient to a microscopic direction prescribed by the crystalline symmetries. Their exhaustive experimental study has provided here a large number of data whose analysis reveals an internal symmetry. This symmetry leads to the selection of an orientation's law that is function of the Peclet number and of the angular distance between the fixed directions (thermal gradient and anisotropy). However, a new definition of the characteristic size of the growth structures has led the relative orientation of dendrites to only depend on the Peclet number and to be made independant of the angle between the two prescribed directions. This new law is universal since it is no longer parametrized by the intensity of the thermal gradient, the anisotropy features and the nature of the solidified alloy. Finally, the results obtained on homogeneous fronts are locally applied to inhomogeneous fronts. This enables the understanding of the dynamics implied by the variations of structure size, thermal gradient orientation and thermal gradient intensity
Taisne, Aude. "Interaction "dislocations/interfaces" dans des bicristaux d'acier austénoferritique : rôle de l'hydrogène sur les défauts." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112305.
Full textInternal interfaces are sites at which stress concentrations build-up and possibly relax during deformation. Thus, the interaction mechanisms of lattice dislocations with interphase boundaries and the interfacial stress accommodation processes must be investigated at a microscopic level in order to understand and possibly control the material behavior under mechanical solicitation. The microscopic study of the deformation performed on α/γ bicrystals, has two goals : 1) to determine the influence of the orientation relationship between crystals 2) to investigate the role in the deformation micromechanisms of the position of the notch made in the α-phase or in the γ-phase. This study has been made by using the combination of transmission electron microscopy techniques assisted by image contrast simulation. While only geometry determines the type of dislocation transfer, "direct" or "indirect", in grain boundaries, intrinsic elastic properties of the two phases play an important role in interface interphase processes. .
François, Armelle. "Effet de la température sur la structure de coeur des dislocations dans les intermétalliques DO : aspects expérimentaux et théoriques /." Châtillon : Office national d'études et de recherches aérospatiales, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35549511z.
Full textMariani, Gabrielle. "Interactions dislocations-défauts ponctuels dans le silicium monocristallin : quantification de l'effet de puits des dislocations sur les auto-interstitiels par diffusion de l'or." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30004.
Full textBoulogne, Bruno. "Etude par microscopie électronique en transmission et spectroscopie infrarouge des défauts de réseau dans la berlinite AlPO4." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10221.
Full textWalha, Sonda. "Construction de solutions particulières de types ondes progressives pour le modèle de Frenkel-Kontorova et pour l’équation des ondes régularisée." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR29.
Full textThis thesis deals with the construction of particular solutions of traveling wave or plane wave for different equations partial derivative (EDP) and in particular the Frenkel-Kontorova model and a regularized wave equation. This memory is structured as follows. The chapter 1 is preserved for a general introduction in which i present a physical motivation and a abstract of my work. In chapter 2, I interested to the study the existence and uniqueness of traveling wave solution for the accelerated Frenkel-Kontorova model. This model consist in a system of ODE that describe the motion particles in interaction. The most important applications ihave inmind in the motion of cristal defects called dislocations. For this model, i prove the exxistence of traveling wave solutions under very weak assumptions. The uniqueness of the velocity is also studied as well the uniqueness of the profile which used ddifferent types of strpng maximum principle. As far as we know, this is the first result concerning traveling waves for accelerated, spatially discrete system. This chapter is an article published in the Journal Dynamic and Differential Equation:Existence and uniqueness of traveling wave for accelerated Frenkel-Kontorova model, Journal of dynamic and Differential Equation : Volume 26, Issue 24 (2014), page 1133-1169. In chapter 3, i interested in the numerical homogenization of fully overdomped frenkel-Kontorova model. I present two methods for computing the effective hamiltonian : large time method and Newton-like method. Some simulations of the effective hamiltonian are provided. Le chapter 4 is preserved to the study a wave equation in a periodic medium. Under certain assumption, i construct a plane wave like solution, and show that this solution satisfy some properties. I define a non- local operator and a term corrector in order to control the oscillations of the solution in space and in time. We prove the construction of a plane wave like solution for the approched problem using the notion of viscosity solution
Sqalli, Houssaini Abderrahim. "Champs thermiques et mécaniques induits par le mouvement des dislocations." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Sqalli_Houssaini.Abderrahim.SMZ9605.pdf.
Full textIn the context of the modelling of materials behaviors, it is difficult to ignore the irreversible processes. These processes are inseparably connected with inelastic or anelastic deformations and therefore with intrinsic dissipation which leads to an overheating of the solid. In practice, these deformations are associated with the propagation of the lattice defects. A thermodynamical analysis of this phenomena shows that the heat source may be represented by the motion of defects causing an important thermal gradient. In this work, we treated the dissipative effects and the thermoelastic coupling mechanisms associated with the moving dislocations. This is done in a general framework but is used to study the thermomechanical effects of the steady-state quasi-static motion of a straight edge dislocations in an elastic medium. To analyse the thermomechanical effects associated with the moving dislocations, we used the irreversible thermodynamic process. We shown that the existence of a moving dislocation in a medium behaves likes a moving and dissipative straight heat source. This source generates a thermal variations which in turn generate thermal strains and stresses. The analysis of these fields shows that the thermomechanical coupling caused by the moving dislocation remains negligible. Nevertheless, the extension of this study to a situation of a large number of dislocations like a shear band allowed to obtain an important thermal effect. Morever, the thermodynamical study permitted to introduce a thermodynamical force associated with the moving dislocation. The calcul of this force from the different thermomechanical fields introduced by the presence and movement of the dislocation allowed to establish that whatever the speed of the dislocation and the radius of her core, this force is exactly the Peach and Koehler one and it's never due to the proper thermomechanical fields of the straight edge dislocation
Chemini, Rachida. "Analyse des mécanismes d'attrition dans un cristallisoir. Discrimination des chocs cristaux, parois par un test." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT017G.
Full textPoty, Alexandre. "Etude de la plasticité dans les métaux hexagonaux à l'échelle atomique : dynamique des dislocations par dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ010S/document.
Full textThe forming of a material requires the deformation at an atomic level of his structure. This deformation involves the creation and movement of defaults like the dislocations. The dislocations mobility plays a major role in the plasticity of the materials. There are different types of dislocations gliding on different gliding systems. Currently the principal gliding systems are well known but the secondary systems aren't. Our work is to define the principal and the secondary gliding systems, to rank them and to calculate the value of the critical resolved shear stress responsible for the dislocation movement. For that we chose to use Molecular Dynamics with EAM (Embedded Atom Method) potentials. We began our studies by comparing the results of several EAM potentials for Zirconium and Titanium to the plastic and elastic properties obtained experimentally or by ab initio calculation.We studied edge dislocations in the prismatic, basal and pyramidal 1 planes. We calculated the critical resolved shear stress of these dislocations in Zirconium and Titanium. Finally we got interested in the fault energies of several gliding planes of Zirconium and Titanium. For that we calculated the γ surfaces of those planes. We compared results obtained by molecular dynamics to results obtained by ab initio calculation. We finally gave a classification of those planes
Desmedt, Arnaud. "Dynamique moléculaire et transitions de phase dans les cristaux organiques d'intercroissance." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR10514.
Full textScandian, Cherlio. "Conditions d'émission et de multiplication des dislocations à l'extrémité d'une fissure : application au cas du silicium." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL022N.
Full textTaupin, Vincent. "Incompatibilité du réseau cristallin et organisation collective des dislocations." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ025S/document.
Full textA field dislocation theory was studied in various plasticity problems where the dislocation distribution involves internal stresses of the order of applied stress field. This theory couples the dynamics of statistical and excess dislocation densities. The latter accommodate plastic distortion gradients and generate internal stress fields. A 2D model was introduced. As a first application, it reproduced the intermittency of plasticity. This phenomenon is linked to internal stresses which, associated with transport equation, lead to a collective movement of dislocations, in the form of fast and localized avalanches. The model then described the torsion creep of ice single crystals. Excess basal screw dislocations accommodate its deformation. A softening size effect with decreasing radius and the original behavior in reversed torsion were also reproduced. The model then studied the evolution of dislocation structures during the aging of ice single crystals deformed in compression creep. Internal stresses relaxation increase creep rate while dislocation structure annihilation remains negligible. The model finally showed that internal stresses generated during the propagation of a Lüders band in mild steels avoid the nucleation of a new band after aging if the sense of straining is reversed. Internal stresses, associated with transport equation, are responsible for band propagation
Tetaert, Marlène. "Frustration dynamique et ralentissement critique dans un cristal vitreux." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-289.pdf.
Full textMompiou, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude de la plasticité des quasi-cristaux icosaèdriques AlPdMn et AlCuFe." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30058.
Full textSoyez, Thomas. "Étude du glissement des dislocations dans le zirconium." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP053.
Full textZirconium alloys are used in the nuclear industry as fuel cladding tubes and structural components of the fuel assemblies. In order to properly predict the mechanical behavior of those alloys throughout their usage time, it is necessary to understand the physical mechanisms controlling plasticity. Deformation in metals is usually accommodated by dislocation glide and twinning. Zirconium has a hexagonal close packed structure and its plastic deformation is anisotropic. For a mechanical loading along the axis of the crystal, the principal deformation mode corresponding to dislocation glide cannot accommodate the deformation and dislocation glide and twinning have to be activated. This thesis aims to study properties of dislocations based on two complementary approaches, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations and atomic simulations.TEM observations underlined the glide system of the dislocations, which exclusively glide in first order pyramidal planes even, with cross slip between different first order pyramidal planes being activated at room temperature. dislocations appear rectilinear, with a preferential orientation along the direction which is the intersection between the glide plane and the basal plane. TEM in situ tensile test experiments show that this orientation glide with difficulty. Two types of glide mechanism were observed: a rigid motion where the dislocation keeps its shape while gliding and a viscous motion of these segments leading to the creation of macro-kinks.Atomic simulations rationalize the glide of dislocations in first order pyramidal plane with the existence of stacking faults in the possible glide planes and with a ground state structure of the screw dislocation which dissociates in two non-equivalent partial dislocations in a first order pyramidal plane. The evolution of this structure under an applied stress allowed to obtain the Peierls stress which depends on the direction of the applied stress and underlined a difficult glide: the Peierls stress of this screw dislocation is thirty times greater than the one of the dislocation. Thermal activation appears therefore necessary for dislocation glide. Molecular dynamics simulations evidence a glide of the screw dislocation operating by double kinks nucleation. The structure of the dislocation oriented in its direction is dissociated in its glide plane, i.e. a first order pyramidal plane, and also a secondary plane whose nature varies with the energetic model. This secondary dissociation is expected to explain the difficult glide of this orientation
Mahendran, Srinivasan. "Modélisation numérique des propriétés de coeurs de dislocations dans l’Olivine (Mg2SiO4)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R014/document.
Full textIt is widely accepted that the dissipation of heat from the core to the surface of the Earth through a thermally insulating mantle is only possible by convection process. Mantle convection is responsible for a large number of geological activities that occur on the surface of the Earth such as plate tectonic, volcanism, etc. It involves plastic deformation of mantle minerals. In Earth’s interior, the outer most layer beneath the thin crust is the upper mantle. One of the most common mineral found in the upper mantle is the olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. Knowledge of the deformation mechanisms of olivine is important for the understanding of flow and seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. The experimental studies on the plastic deformation of olivine highlighting the importance of dislocations of Burgers vector [100] and [001]. In this work, we report a numerical modelling at the atomic scale of dislocation core structures and slip system properties in forsterite, at pressures relevant to the upper mantle condition. Computations are performed using the THB1 empirical potential and molecular statics. The energy landscapes associated with the dislocation mobility are computed with the help of nudge elastic band calculations. Therefore, with this work, we were able to predict the different possible dislocation core structures and some of their intrinsic properties. In particular, we show that at ambient pressure [100](010) and [001]{110} correspond to the primary slip systems of forsterite. Moreover, we propose an explanation for the “pencil glide” mechanism based on the occurrence of several dislocation core configurations for the screw dislocation of [100] Burgers vector
Nogaret, Thomas. "Approche multi-échelle des mécanismes de plasticité des aciers austénitiques irradiés." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0174.
Full textPlasticity mechanisms in irradiated austenitic steels were studied thanks to a multi-scale modelling approach. The study at the nano scale of interaction mechanisms between dislocations and irradiation defects by Molecular Dynamics showed that edge and screw dislocations behave differently in presence of irradiation defects: screw dislocations absorb the defects whereas edge dislocations shear them. This difference of behaviour was reproduced with fidelity into a Dislocation Dynamics code in order to study at the micro scale the formation of "clear bands" (defect free shear bands) by mobile dislocations. The simulations allowed determining the clearing and broadening pro cesses of clear bands and showed the importance of collective effects between dislocations in clear band formation
Durocher, Arnaud. "Simulations massives de Dynamique des Dislocations : fiabilité et performances sur architectures parallèles et distribuées." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0423/document.
Full textDislocation dynamics simulations investigate the behavior of linear defects, called dislocations, in crystalline materials. It is an essential part multiscale modelling of the materials, used for instance in the nuclear industry to characterize the behavior and aging of materials under irradiation. The ability of dislocations to multiply, annihilate and interact presents many challenges, for instance in terms of storage and access to data. This thesis addresses some challenges of dislocation dynamics simulation on parallel and distributed computers. In this thesis, I improve the Optidis simulator to open the way to more complex simulations. My contributions focuses mainly on improving the reliability and performance of Optidis. A new interface to access simulation data is proposed to dissociate its implementation form the physical algorithms. This data structure allows better performance as well as better code maintainability, even with distributed data. A new fast and reliable collision detection and handling algorithm has been implemented. Collision detection techniques from the robotics and 3D animation industries are used to speedup the detection process. With the use of the new data structure and a more reliable design, this algorithm enables more precise collision handling and the use of a larger simulation timestep. The precision of the results have been measured by comparing Optidis to Numodis. The performance of the code has been studied on larger scale simulations with millions of segments and hundreds of CPU cores, demonstrating that such simulations can now be achieved
Raujol, Sonia. "Influence du vieillissement sur le comportement en fluage d'un superalliage pour disques d'une turbine." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0015.
Full textThe purpose of the national project called «Future Supersonic Transport Airplane» concerns the creation of a successor for Concorde able to have a life time four times longer and an increase of the aeroengine output. A new powder metallurgy superalloy called NR3, developed at ONERA, was then elaborated at SNECMA to be used for turbine disks in order to resist the new real working conditions. They are defined by a creep deformation near 700°C under 300 MPa during 20. 000 hours and the long time maintenance, at such a temperature, of this two-phase alloy, inducing a microstructural change negative for the mechanical properties must be understood. The aim of our work is to study, after different thermal treatments, the evolution of the deformation micro-mechanisms during this microstructural ageing, in order to deduce its impact on the creep resistance of the alloy. Several different experimental techniques were used at different scales: macroscopic creep tests, post mortem and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and EDX spectroscopy. Finally, a particular emphasis is made on the decrease of the population of the smallest “tertiary” precipitates during ageing. Their important role is revealed by TEM observations through the evolution of the micro-mechanisms responsible for the deformation. It is clearly demonstrated that their dimension, the channel width between them, their chemistry and the quality of their order control at this temperature the variation of the creep resistance of the alloy
Gérard, Anne. "Etude par rmn de la dynamique locale dans les polymeres cristaux-liquides lineaires." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066499.
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