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1
Oktaviani, Siska, and Destianti Catur Lia. "Penyuluhan Pembuatan dan Penyemprotan Desinfektan pada Warga Desa Panca Jaya Kecamatan Muara Kaman." Prima Abdika : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/abdika.v2i1.1579.
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There are several ways that can be done to prevent the transmission of Covid-19, one of which is by spraying disinfectant in the surrounding environment and objects that are at risk of transmitting the virus. Making your own disinfectant at home can actually be done using ingredients that are household cleaning products. However, many people from Panca Jaya village, Muara Kaman sub-district, Kutai Kartanegara district, still don't know how to make a disinfectant, even if they know they generally just mix chemicals with water without knowing the content, properties and dosages that will be used to make the disinfectant. Seeing this in the field, it is necessary to have educational activities for the community regarding the manufacture of disinfectants. The purpose of this community service is to provide knowledge and understanding to the residents of Panca Jaya village about how to make disinfectants with home cleaning products in their respective homes. The method used in this counseling was to provide information via LCD and give out pamphlets to participants, demonstrate to make disinfectant, then continue spraying disinfectant in the surrounding environment. It is hoped that this activity can be applied in their daily life as a form of prevention and transmission of Covid-19.
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Crow, Sue. "Product Commentary: Housekeeping Products: The Choice Is Yours." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 9, no. 1 (January 1988): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/645731.
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For years, Infection Control Practitioners have been asked to identify the “ultimate” hospital::: disinfectant. Health care personnel seem to want a multipurpose product; one that can he used for handwashing for, instrument disinfection and for cleaning the commode. Simply stated, there is not one product that call successfully do all three. Antiseptic solutions, which are approved by the Food and Drug Administration are for use on skin (ie, handwashing and skirt preparation whereas disinfectants are for use in the inanimate environment and are approved by the Environmental Protection Agency.There are two classifications of' disinfectants housekeeping disinfectants and instrument disinfectants. Housekeeping disinfectants are generally low-level disinfectants, and quartenary ammonium compounds or phenol-based solutions are the most common. Instrument disinfectants are high-level disinfectants such as glutaraldehydes and chlorine dioxide.
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Soubieux, Annaelle, Marie Palamini, Cynthia Tanguay, and Jean-François Bussières. "Evaluation of decontamination strategies for cyclophosphamide." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155219865931.
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Purpose The main objective was to determine the efficacy of various types of cleaning equipment and products after deliberate contamination with cyclophosphamide. The secondary objective was to test various cleaning scenarios using these equipment and products. Methods The study had two phases: testing of cleaning equipment (wipe : woven microfibers – Hygen®, two layers of non-woven microfibres and an inner layer of highly absorbent viscose fibres – MicronSolo®, two layers of non-woven microfibres and an inner layer of highly absorbent viscose fibres – MicroMix®, simili-tissu (low filament production) – Tork® and, mop : woven microfibers – Hygen®, microfibre and viscose – MicroOne®) and products (disinfectant : quaternary ammonium – DR100®, chlorine 0.1% – Zochlor® – Brutab® – PCS® NPH, sodium hypochlorite 2%, cleaner : detergent – Nu- Action 3®, cleaner and disinfectant: sodium hypochlorite 0.6% + detergent – Aliflex® and water) in phase 1 and testing of various cleaning procedures in phase 2. Specific areas of a room with a laminar flow hood (class II/type B2) were contaminated with 10 mcg of cyclophosphamide. Different types of surfaces were cleaned with various scenarios and the remaining cyclophosphamide was measured by the Institut national de santé publique du Québec. All tests were performed in triplicate. Results A total of 189 samples were obtained: 42 negative controls and positive controls, 54 during phase 1 and 93 during phase 2. All products were more than 96.5% effective. The 0.1% chlorines were the most effective products. Cleaning procedures with two or three products had average cleaning efficacies of 99.94–99.99%. Efficacy increased with the number of successive cleanings. When two products were used, the average cleaning efficacy varied between 99.78% and 99.98%, depending on the surface. Conclusion All cleaning products tested reduced cyclophosphamide contamination by more than 96.58%. Cleaning efficacy increased with successive cleaning. No scenario was effective in removing 100% of traces. Additional studies with larger samples should be conducted to confirm these results.
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Salonen, Heidi, Tunga Salthammer, Martin Täubel, and Lidia Morawska. "O-110 THE EFFECT OF CLEANING PRODUCTS ON OCCUPANTS’ HEALTH." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0720.
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Abstract Introduction The use of household cleaning products exposes occupants to various potentially hazardous chemicals that can impact human health. These products often include surfactants, acids/bases, carcinogens like chloroform, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In this review study, our objective is to summarize the effects of commonly used cleaning products on human health in occupational and non-occupational environments. Methods To conduct this literature review, we performed searches in Google Scholar and PubMed using 18 search terms and their combinations. The search was restricted to scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023. Results and discussion Scientific evidence indicates that the chemicals present in cleaning agents, as well as the reactions caused by agents interacting with surfaces, can have detrimental effects on human health. Individuals with close or frequent contact with cleaning products are particularly susceptible to these effects. For example, occupational exposure to cleaning and disinfectant products has been linked to an increased risk of asthma and rhinitis. Further, exposure to cleaning products during pregnancy or in the first years of life has been associated with persistent wheezing in early childhood. Conclusion Epidemiological studies provide evidence of the adverse effect of exposure to cleaning products and disinfectants on respiratory health. These effects are observed not only in adults with close or frequent contact to cleaning products in occupational settings but also in relation to common exposures at home, especially during early life. To mitigate these adverse health effects, it is recommended to reduce exposure to harmful chemicals by developing safer cleaning methods both in occupational and home settings.
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Cruz, J. V., W. L. E. Magalhães, P. H. G. Cademartori, D. J. Dorta, D. P. de Oliveira, and D. M. Leme. "Environmental concerns about the massive use of disinfectants during COVID-19 pandemic: an overview on aquatic toxicity." ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION 16, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5132/eec.2021.01.14.
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Many public health measures to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 were adopted worldwide, and particularly to the environmental measure of regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, the increased use of disinfectant products raises environmental concerns. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), povidone-iodine (PVP-I), chloroxylenol (PCMX) and chlorhexidine (CHX) are the active ingredients of most disinfectant products due to their effectiveness against various microbiological agents. Although presenting antimicrobial efficacy, these biocides have been associated with impacts on aquatic life. For instance, QACs can induce toxicity to Aliivibrio fischeri and fish (different species). Gill and liver damages are verified in Cyprinus carpio after exposure to PVP-I. CHX induces toxic effects on algae, crustaceans, and fish embryos. PCMX can induce genotoxicity to rainbow trout and malformations on zebrafish embryos, as well as it can reduce the reproduction rate of Caenorhabditis elegans. Thus, the potential to cause negative consequences on human and environmental health has resulted in activities from the U.S. and European agencies to favor the use of safer and greener disinfectant products during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review article summarizes the main findings on the impacts of disinfectants (the most used) on aquatic life. This information may help prioritize disinfectants with lower impacts on the aquatic environment for daily use, and especially for high-frequency use as verified in the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this review may help identify knowledge gaps on the aquatic hazard of disinfectants, which may drive future studies on this matter and, lastly, contribute to the development of sustainable products.
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Moriello, Karen A. "Decontamination of carpet exposed to Microsporum canis hairs and spores." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 4 (July 10, 2016): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16634390.
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Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vacuuming and three carpet cleaning methods for the removal of Microsporum canis spores and hairs from experimentally contaminated carpets. Methods Sterile Berber carpeting was artificially contaminated with naturally infective M canis hairs and spores. Carpet swatches were vacuumed for 10 s, 30 s and 60 s, and then cultured. Three carpet cleaning methods were evaluated on area rugs experimentally contaminated with infective material: a beater brush carpet shampooing, beater brush carpet shampooing post-disinfectant application and hot water extraction. Home cleaning products labeled as having efficacy against Trichophyton species were used in addition to 1% potassium peroxymonosulfate. Carpets were cultured at 24 h, 48 h and 7 days after cleaning. Good efficacy was no detectable spores at post-cleaning culture. Results All pretreatment carpet samples were culture positive for M canis (>300 colony-forming units [cfu]/site). Vacuuming did not decontaminate carpets but did remove intact hairs. Spores were not detected by wipe samples after two washings with an upright beater brush carpet shampooer or pretreatment with a disinfectant prior to carpet shampooing. Carpets cleaned with one hot water extraction technique had a decrease from 300 cfu/site to a mean of 5.5 cfu/site at 24 and 48 h post-cleaning and 2 cfu/site at day 7. The use of disinfectants was associated with odor, even when dry, and permanent discoloration. Hot water extraction cleaning was associated with the fastest drying time and no discoloration. Conclusions and relevance Carpets exposed to M canis can be disinfected via carpet shampooing or hot water extraction cleaning. Vacuuming of carpets is recommended to remove infective hairs. For homes, exposed carpeting can be decontaminated by routine washing with a carpet shampooer (twice) or hot water extraction. Use of pretreatment with a disinfectant is recommended when a high level of overall decontamination is needed in an animal facility with necessary carpeted surfaces (eg, entryway carpet mats).
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Koulierakis, George, Anastasia Dermatis, Dimitris Zavras, and Elpida Pavi. "Protective behaviors during COVID-19 confinement measures in Greece: the role of anxiety, perceived risk and risky-choice framing." AIMS Public Health 10, no. 2 (2023): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2023021.
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<abstract> <p>Confinement measures at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic imposed major changes on the global population. The aim of this study was to explore the level to which the public adhered to protective guidelines by adopting the most appropriate behaviors at that time (such as hand washing with soap and using sanitizer gel) and to identify the determinants of these behaviors. A purposive sample of 1013 individuals was invited and voluntarily participated in the online survey. The questionnaire collected information on demographic data, hand washing, risk perception, anxiety (through the S = Anxiety scale of STAI) and risky-choice framing. Results showed increased levels of anxiety, a moderate perception of the risk of catching coronavirus and increased adoption of protective behaviors, such as handwashing and cleaning surfaces with disinfectant/antiseptic products. Multiple ordinal logistic regression models showed that being female, more educated and cleaning home with disinfectant / antiseptic products predicted handwashing with soap. Additionally, having an increased perception of getting the coronavirus, being older and cleaning the home with disinfectant / antiseptic products predicted handwashing with antiseptics. Public health interventions should take into consideration the unified cleaning pattern and the combined effect of sociodemographic variables and risk perception on the adoption of protective behaviour in the context of a health crisis which is out of people's control.</p> </abstract>
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Kumar, Jessica, Jennifer Cadnum, Y. Karen Ng Wong, Thriveen Sankar Chittoor Mana, Heba Alhmidi, and Curtis Donskey. "1222. Are Reduced Concentrations of Chlorine-Based Disinfectants Effective Against Candida auris?" Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1085.
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Abstract Background Currently, sporicidal disinfectants such as bleach are recommended for daily and terminal disinfection of the rooms of patients with Candida auris colonization and/or infection. However, bleach and other chlorine-based disinfectants can have adverse effects on surfaces and personnel. Disinfectant solutions with reduced chlorine concentrations are commonly used for other pathogens, but it is not known if diluted or alternative products maintain efficacy against C. auris both in vitro and in vivo. Methods We tested the efficacy of different concentrations of a sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) product and sodium hypochlorite using the method recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for evaluation of the efficacy of liquid disinfectants against C. auris (EPA MLB SOP MB-35-00) and in a simulated patient room. Carriers were exposed to each disinfectant for 1 and 2 minutes. Log reductions were calculated by subtracting viable organisms recovered after disinfectant exposure vs. deionized water controls. Results As shown in the figure, the NaDCC product at 4306 ppm tested with a 2 minute contact time reduced C. auris by ≥5 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) but had reduced efficacy with shorter exposure time or lower concentrations. Sodium hypochlorite was effective with 1 or 2 minute exposure times at a concentration of 6,500 ppm, and was effective at 4,000 ppm with an exposure time of 2 minutes. In the simulated patient room, NaDCC reduced C. auris contamination by ≥6 log10 CFUs on all surfaces. Conclusion A chlorine-based NaDCC product was effective at reducing C. auris. Both NaDCC and sodium hypochlorite products exhibited reduced efficacy at lower concentrations, particularly at concentrations below 4000 ppm. The NaDCC products were also effective in reducing contamination in the simulated patient room. UV-C treatment was an effective adjunct to manual cleaning. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Ley, Benjamin, Edward Silverman, Kara Peery, and Delfina Dominguez. "Evaluation of Commonly Used Products for Disinfecting Clipper Blades in Veterinary Practices: A Pilot Study." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 52, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6427.
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ABSTRACT Nosocomial infections are a concern of growing interest in veterinary medicine. Clipper blades have been confirmed as fomites for numerous potential pathogens and, as such, may be associated with wound and surgical site infections. The goal of this study was to evaluate the disinfectant capabilities of several commonly used clipper blade cleaning products. Seventy sterile clipper blades were inoculated with strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Blades were then subjected to one of seven treatment groups for disinfecting. Quantitative cultures of remaining bacteria were performed. All blades in the control group showed large amounts of bacterial recovery. Culture results showed no recovery in blades soaked in alcohol or chlorhexidine or those sprayed with an ethanol/o-phenylphenol product, while moderate recovery was seen with all other treatments. These results show that persistent contamination of clipper blades can occur with the use of several commonly used disinfectant products. Further research is necessary to evaluate fungicidal capabilities as well as the effect of disinfection on clipper blade maintenance.
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Ehlers, Jens, Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani, Bärbel Kroschewski, Carmen Büttner, and Martina Bandte. "Cleaning of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) from Contaminated Clothing of Greenhouse Employees." Horticulturae 8, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080751.
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The highly infectious Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a new viral threat to tomato production worldwide. In production, the very easy mechanical transmissibility combined with the high resistance in vitro is of great concern. We tested: (i) whether household cleaning products, commercial agricultural detergents, and an authorized plant protectant are suitable for cleaning contaminated clothing, and (ii) whether infectious viruses remain in the resulting cleaning water. The evaluation of the sanitation effect was performed using bioassays, by counting ToBRFV-associated necrotic local lesions on Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NN. For this purpose, leaves were mechanically inoculated with treated fabrics and cleaning solutions which would normally be discharged to the sewer system. The detergents Fadex H+ (FH) and Menno Hortisept Clean Plus, as well as the disinfectant Menno Florades (MF), led to an almost complete removal of ToBRFV from contaminated fabrics, corresponding to a reduction in local lesions by 99.94–99.96%. In contrast, common household cleaning products (Spee ActivGel (SAG), Vanish Oxi Action Gel (VO) did not effectively remove the pathogen from the fabric, where the reduction was 45.1% and 89.7%, respectively. In particular, cleaning solutions after the use of household cleaners were highly contaminated with ToBRFV. After a 16-h treatment with the disinfectant MF, infectious ToBRFV was no longer present in VO, FH, and MF cleaning solutions, as demonstrated by extensive bioassays.
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Acsa, Igizeneza, Bebora Lilly Caroline, Nyaga Philip Njeru, and Njagi Lucy Wanjiru. "Preliminary Study on Disinfectant Susceptibility/Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from Slaughtered Village Free-Range Chickens in Nairobi, Kenya." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (February 20, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8877675.
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Disinfectants are regularly used for cleansing poultry slaughterhouses to control microorganisms. However, the microorganisms such as bacteria are developing resistance to disinfectant(s) and complicate control of bacterial infections. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine disinfectant susceptibility/resistance patterns manifested by bacteria (to commonly used disinfectants), which were isolated from intestines of slaughtered indigenous chickens in Nairobi, Kenya. The method used was agar well diffusion, and the six disinfectants (their active ingredients are in brackets) tested were as follows: Kupacide® (glutaraldehyde; benzalkonium chloride); TH4+® (didecyl dimethyl ammonium HCl; dioctyl dimethyl ammonium HCl; octyl decyldimethyl ammonium HCl; alkyl dimethyl ammonium HCl; and glutaraldehyde); Noro cleanse® (glutaraldehyde; coco-benzyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride); Dettol® (chloroxylenol); Savlon® (chlorhexidine gluconate; cetrimide; and N-propylalcohol); and Jik® (sodium hypochlorite). At recommended user concentration by the manufacturer, isolates showed various resistance to the respective disinfectants. E. coli isolates were resistant to five of the tested disinfectants (Jik®, TH4+®, Noro cleanse®, Dettol®, and Kupacide®); however, they were susceptible to Savlon®; Staphylococcus isolates were resistant to disinfectants to Jik® and TH4+® and susceptible to the rest disinfectants; Streptococcus isolates were only resistant to Jik® and susceptible to the remaining disinfectants. Some E. coli and Staphylococcus isolates showed resistance to more than one disinfectant. This study has demonstrated resistance of the bacterial isolates to various disinfectants at recommended user concentrations, although some of them were susceptible at higher concentration(s) and lower concentrations. This will interfere with the cleansing of the respective premises, resulting in contaminated products, which may end-up causing disease in the humans consuming them. Hence, it is recommended that one ascertains the efficacy of respective disinfectant by carrying out disinfectant susceptibility testing to know the effective ones and the appropriate concentration to use.
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Yushina, Yu K., N. A. Nasyrov, E. V. Demkina, E. V. Zaiko, and M. D. Reshchikov. "Evaluation of approaches to increase the effectiveness of various disinfectants against biofilm communities of different ages." Theory and practice of meat processing 8, no. 4 (January 10, 2024): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2414-438x-2023-8-4-273-281.
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Disinfectants are used as the main agents against microorganisms circulating on the surfaces of food enterprises. However, the adaptive ability of microorganisms to form biofilms complicates the process of surface cleaning and reduces the effectiveness of disinfectants. Modern disinfectants act against freely circulating microflora, but it is known that they are not always effective against biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigate effective disinfectant compositions with bactericidal effect on binary bacterial biofilms of different ages. The article describes the effects of disinfectants based on chlorine, peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium compounds with enzymes in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer and increased several times on Salmonella 38, Brochothrix thermosphacta 2726 and Staphylococcus equorum 2736 planktonic cultures and binary biofilms. Binary biofilms of different ages (2 and 9 days old) were exposed to disinfectants with various active ingredients in combination with adjuvants, i. e. hydrogen peroxide 6% and various concentrations of isopropyl alcohol (30%). All products in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer did not have a disinfectant effect against the studied biofilm cultures. As a result of the work, it was found that the most effective disinfectants against multispecies biofilms were quaternary ammonium compounds in combination with enzymes and chlorine in combination with isopropyl alcohol (30%). The results obtained allow to expand knowledge about effective methods for controlling biofilms.
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Jones, Lucas D., Thriveen S. C. Mana, Jennifer L. Cadnum, Annette L. Jencson, Sandra Y. Silva, Brigid M. Wilson, and Curtis J. Donskey. "Effectiveness of foam disinfectants in reducing sink-drain gram-negative bacterial colonization." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, no. 3 (December 5, 2019): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2019.325.
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AbstractBackground:Sink drainage systems are not amenable to standard methods of cleaning and disinfection. Disinfectants applied as a foam might enhance efficacy of drain decontamination due to greater persistence and increased penetration into sites harboring microorganisms.Objective:To examine the efficacy and persistence of foam-based products in reducing sink drain colonization with gram-negative bacilli.Methods:During a 5-month period, different methods for sink drain disinfection in patient rooms were evaluated in a hospital and its affiliated long-term care facility. We compared the efficacy of a single treatment with 4 different foam products in reducing the burden of gram-negative bacilli in the sink drain to a depth of 2.4 cm (1 inch) below the strainer. For the most effective product, the effectiveness of foam versus liquid-pouring applications, and the effectiveness of repeated foam treatments were evaluated.Results:A foam product containing 3.13% hydrogen peroxide and 0.05% peracetic acid was significantly more effective than the other 3 foam products. In comparison to pouring the hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid disinfectant, the foam application resulted in significantly reduced recovery of gram-negative bacilli on days 1, 2, and 3 after treatment with a return to baseline by day 7. With repeated treatments every 3 days, a progressive decrease in the bacterial load recovered from sink drains was achieved.Conclusions:An easy-to-use foaming application of a hydrogen peroxide- and peracetic acid-based disinfectant suppressed sink-drain colonization for at least 3 days. Intermittent application of the foaming disinfectant could potentially reduce the risk for dissemination of pathogens from sink drains.
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Kozhyn, V., V. Salata, M. Kukhtyn, Y. Horiuk, and T. S. Matviishyn. "Production studies of the disinfectant “Enzidez”." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 25, no. 111 (September 5, 2023): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11112.
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The main task of carrying out disinfection measures in veterinary medicine is to break the mechanisms of pathogen transmission through objects and objects of the environment from one animal to another. Therefore, disinfection measures are the basis of safe keeping of animals, carrying out treatment and preventive measures in clinics of veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the created disinfectant “Enzidez” in the production conditions of veterinary medicine clinics. The surfaces of walls, floors and tables were disinfected by wiping. Surgical, dental instruments and veterinary products by immersion in a solution or wiping. Before and after treatment, washings were taken for microbiological examination by generally accepted methods. It was established that the effectiveness of disinfection with “Enzidez” in a concentration of 0.25–1.00 % of walls, floors, tables in veterinary clinics, for their various microbial and organic contamination, was 100 %. Only in one case, after disinfection with a 0.25 % solution, microorganisms were released from the floor surfaces, amounting to 3.8 ± 0.1×101 CFU/cm3 of wash. However, even under this regime, the disinfection efficiency was 99.99 %. The effectiveness of disinfection with “Enzidez” during the presterilization cleaning of surgical instruments and veterinary products revealed that the main microflora before treatment was represented by staphylococci, micrococci, corynebacteria, streptococci, yeast, coliform bacteria in the amount of 103 to 105 CFU/cm3 of washing. After treatment with a concentration of 0.25 to 1.00 %, the disinfectant provided a bactericidal effect, as a result of which microorganisms were not isolated from the surfaces in any case. Therefore, we believe that the developed means for disinfection, pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization in veterinary medicine clinics “Enzidez” is a highly effective disinfectant for use in a concentration of 0.25–1.0 % and exposure of solutions for 15–30 minutes.
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Janmay Singh Hada. "New Trends in Non-Woven Wet Wipes." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 9S (October 12, 2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s15.
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The wet tissue or wipes is emerging trend and fast growing market in non-woven materials. In light of global pandemic Covid 19, increasing concern and consciousness for better hygiene and cleanliness, non-woven industry is geared the formation of new products and variants of wet wipes like disinfectant wet wipes. It offers numerous advantage and meet user requirement for personnel care like body wipes, baby wipes, cosmetic wet wipes, cleaning wipes for domestic and industrial, flushable wipes and different variants. The wet wipes provide safety and protection of superior level with cleaning and disinfecting property. The present paper discusses aboutnew trends and key design aspects for wet wipes category like as used of fibers (Natural/advanced), physical characteristics (like as orientation, porosity, thickness, weight, durability),chemical compositions of preservatives and efficacy testing,manufacturing process, hygiene measures and markets for future innovations, such as accelerators. This paper also study about the factors governs for low performer of wet wipes commercially.
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Orlova, Oksana A., Natalia A. Yumtsunova, Tatyana A. Semenenko, Oleg E. Karpov, Ekaterina V. Rusakova, Alena A. Zotova, Nikolay V. Rusakov, and Stanislav N. Kuzin. "New technologies in complex of measures of nonspecific prophylaxis of healthcareassociated infection." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 10 (November 30, 2020): 1055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-10-1055-1060.
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Introduction. Preventive maintenance is of great importance for the prophylaxis of healthcare-associated infection (HAI). Material and methods. An assessment of the interventional cleaning program of the epidemiologically significant units of a large medical organization was based on the data of marks erasure control, microbiological studies, a survey of employees of the insourcing department. Results. In 2017, the Center began implementing an intervention program for outsourcing, which began with the creation of the Department of sanitary services (DSS), which took over the functions of cleaning the premises, as well as providing departments with the necessary disinfectants, detergents, and cleaning products. Before the implementation of this intervention program, the staff was trained in the form of theoretical classes (lectures with the display of training videos, presentations). Practical skills were developed directly in the workplace. The interventional insourcing program showed a 1.28-fold decrease in microbial contamination of surfaces in high-epidemiological risk departments. As a result, the consumption of disinfectant was reduced by more than 5 times. The satisfaction of the sanitary service Department operators with the introduction of the new method was more than 90%. Conclusion. The implemented intervention program allowed not only to improve the quality of cleaning, but also to change the attitude of patients, medical personnel, and the administration to the institution of cleaning by the forces of the medical organization itself.
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Jang, Yongwoo, Junsoo Bok, Dong Keun Ahn, Chang-Koo Kim, and Ju-Seop Kang. "Human Trial for the Effect of Plasma-Activated Water Spray on Vaginal Cleaning in Patients with Bacterial Vaginosis." Medical Sciences 10, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci10020033.
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Underwater plasma discharge temporally produces several reactive radicals and/or free chlorine molecules in water, which is responsible for antimicrobial activity. Hence, it can simply sanitize tap water without disinfectant treatment. Additionally, the spraying technique using cleaning water exploits deep application in the narrow and curved vaginal tract of patients. Herein, we attempted a clinical trial to evaluate the vaginal cleaning effect of spraying plasma-activated water (PAW) to patients with vaginitis (46 patients). The efficacy was compared with treatment with betadine antiseptics used to treat bacterial vaginosis (40 patients). To evaluate the cleaning effect, Gram staining of the vaginal secretions was conducted before and after spraying PAW or betadine treatment (BT). Consequently, PAW-sprayed (PAWS) patients (22.3%) showed a better vaginal cleaning effect against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria than BT patients (14.4%). Moreover, 18 patients in the BT group showed worsened vaginal contamination, whereas five patients in the PAWS group showed worsened vaginal contamination. Taken together, the noncontact method of spraying cleaning water to the vagina exhibited a reliable vaginal cleaning effect without further bacterial infection compared with BT. Therefore, we suggest a clinical application of the spraying method using PAW for vaginal cleaning to patients with vaginitis without disinfectants and antibiotics.
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Suvorov, O. A., K. V. Prohorova, and D. I. Polyakova. "SRAVNITEL'NYY ANALIZ MIKROBIOLOGICHESKIKH POKAZATELEY KACHESTVA POVERKHNOSTI PLODOVOOVOSHCHNYKH PRODUKTOV, OBRABOTANNYKH VODOY I ELEKTROKHIMICHESKI AKTIVIROVANNYM VODNYM RASTVOROM COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY INDICATORS SURFACES OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS PROCESSED WITH WATER AND ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVATED AQUEOUS SOLUTION." EurasianUnionScientists 2, no. 3(72) (April 15, 2020): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.2.72.626.
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The method of improving the microbiological safety of food products based on the use of an electrochemically activated solution of chlorine-oxygen and hydroperoxide compounds was researched. The issue of food products cleaning is very relevant in catering. It’s usually used tap water for cleaning of vegetables and fruits, not disinfectant solutions or physical processing methods. During the analysis of this problem, several experiments were conducted with the «Анолит АНК СУПЕР» (anolyte) as a disinfectant for food products. The active agents of this solution are represented by a mixture of highly active metastable chlorine-oxygen and hydroperoxide compounds. To study the action of the anolyte, a research was conducted to determine the total microbial number (QMAFAnM) and the presence of yeast and fungi on the surfaces of the selected raw materials. It was used microbiological rapid tests «Петритест». Samples were: fresh carrots, fresh celery (leaf), fresh apples. During the research of raw materials treated with water supplied by a centralized drinking water supply system, it was determined that its level of contamination is large. When the samples treated with a disinfectant solution, a positive effect was observed: no seeds were found on the test materials. Anolyte’s using did not affect the organoleptic Евразийский Союз Ученых (ЕСУ) # 3(72), 2020 5 indicators: freshly squeezed juice was made from the processed raw materials and tasted and smelled like the drink which was made from fruits and vegetables and treated by tap water. A comparative analysis of the results was carried out and it was found that the use of the test solution had a positive effect on the microbiological safety of raw materials
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Stone, Wendy, Janke Tolmay, Keira Tucker, and Gideon M. Wolfaardt. "Disinfectant, Soap or Probiotic Cleaning? Surface Microbiome Diversity and Biofilm Competitive Exclusion." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111726.
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This study extends probiotic cleaning research to a built environment. Through an eight-month cleaning trial, we compared the effect of three cleaning products (disinfectant, plain soap, and a probiotic cleaner containing a patented Bacillus spore consortium), and tap water as the control, on the resident microbiome of three common hospital surfaces (linoleum, ceramic, and stainless steel). Pathogens, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were deposited and desiccated, and competitive exclusion was assessed for each microbiome. Cell survival was shown to be an incomplete tool for measuring microbial competitive exclusion. Biofilm competition offered a fuller understanding of competitive dynamics. A test for culturable cell survival showed that both plain soap and probiotic cleaner regimes established a surface microbiome that outcompeted the two pathogens. A different picture emerged when observing biofilms with a deposited and desiccated GFP-labeled pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Competitive exclusion was again demonstrated. On surfaces cleaned with disinfectant the pathogen outcompeted the microbiomes. On surfaces cleaned with plain soap, the microbiomes outcompeted the pathogen. However, on surfaces cleaned with probiotic cleaner, despite the exponentially higher surface microbial loads, the microbiome did not completely outcompete the pathogen. Thus, the standard culturable cell test for survival on a surface confirmed the competitive advantage that is typically reported for probiotic cleaners. However, observation of competition in biofilms showed that the more diverse microbiome (according to alpha and beta indices) established on a surface cleaned with plain soap had a better competitive advantage than the monoculture established by the probiotic cleaner. Therefore, microbial diversity appears to be as critical to the competitive exclusion principle as cell numbers. The study showed that both plain soap and probiotic cleaner fostered competitive exclusion far more effectively than disinfectant. Probiotic cleaners with microbial diversity could be worth considering for hospital cleaning.
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Nhongo, Kuitakwashe, Zvikomborero Hoko, and Jameson Kugara. "Investigating disinfectant by-products in Harare potable water supply, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 3 (June 6, 2018): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.104.
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Abstract Formation of disinfectant by-products was investigated in the Harare water supply system from February to April 2015. Sampling sites were selected from the lake, Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works and critical points in the distribution system. The spatial variations of trihalomethanes and selected water quality parameters were investigated for 15 sampling points in 5 sampling campaigns to assess suitability for drinking. All trihalomethane species were measured, namely chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform. Only chloroform and bromodichloromethane were detected. The study confirmed that there is trihalomethanes formation in the Harare water distribution system and that it is affected by the residence time and presence of organic matter in the system. However, the levels of trihalomethanes are generally within the levels suggested by the World Health Organization. Only bromodichloromethane presents a risk for long-term exposure as it had levels that exceeded the limit for long-term exposure suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Bromodichloromethane, turbidity and free residual chlorine levels were not suitable for drinking in some of the zones. Boosting of chlorine residuals is necessary especially in areas with free chlorine less than 0.2 mg/L. Injection of ammonia, periodic cleaning of storage reservoirs, and flushing of lines will reduce trihalomethanes formation.
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Kore, Anita M., and Amy Riesche-Nesselrodt. "Toxicology of Household Cleaning Products and Disinfectants." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 20, no. 2 (March 1990): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(90)50043-1.
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Ki, Nosung, Saemi Shin, Jihyung Choi, Sanghyo Shim, and Sanghoon Byeon. "Chemical Substance Exposure of Some Cleaning Workers in Korea: Focusing on Inhalation Exposure." Applied Sciences 14, no. 17 (August 26, 2024): 7533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14177533.
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This study aimed to prevent health damage caused by chemical exposure among cleaning workers who use cleaning agents and disinfectants in facility management and kitchen areas. We analyzed 5 years of measurement data (2016–2020) for cleaning workers across various industries in Korea, and conducted an exposure survey and health risk assessment for the two most frequently measured substances (i.e., 2-butoxyethanol and sodium hydroxide) and representative substances generated by their combined use (i.e., chlorine and chloroform). The findings indicate that when chlorine was generated by mixing hypochlorite-based disinfectants (e.g., bleach) with acidic cleaners containing substances such as nitric, hydrochloric, or citric acid, the risk index for chlorine gas (based on the 95th percentile exposure values) was 5.65 in the facility management cleaning industry, exceeding the acceptable threshold of 1. Because of the high usage and exposure frequency of cleaning and disinfecting agents and the common practice of mixing multiple products to enhance cleaning efficacy, it is necessary to manage hazardous risk factors by providing education on appropriate working methods, supplying personal protective equipment, and installing ventilation systems for these workers. Further research on the health risk assessment of combined chemical use is needed.
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Paliy, Anatoliy, Andriy Paliy, K. V. Ishchenko K. V., and S. A. Mikhalchenko. "TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR SANITARY PROCESSING OF FOOTWEAR AND CLOTHES OF LIVESTOCK WORKERS." Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, no. 125 (2021): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2021-125-130-140.
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Effective control of the quality and safety of livestock products is possible only with the implementation of a scientifically grounded complex of veterinary and sanitary and general economic measures. The goal of our work was to develop effective ways to sanitize clothing and footwear of workers in the livestock industry. The studies were carried out following the current methodological approaches that are used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Based on the results of the research carried out, two methods and one device have been developed to ensure a high level of veterinary and sanitary measures in animal husbandry. It has been proven that for the sanitization of clothing of workers in the animal husbandry industry, it is effective to use a disinfectant, which includes the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid (0.09–0.36%), adipic acid (0.01–0.04%), sodium bicarbonate (0.01–0.04%), sodium carbonate (0.003–0.01%), water (99.887–99.55%) when exposed for 30 minutes. For disinfection of workers' footwear, it is advisable to use disinfectants filled with a disinfectant that contains dichlorantin (0.021–0.21%), 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (0.0164–0.164%), a dispersant (0.012–0.12%), anionic surfactants (0.005–0.05%), corrosion inhibitor (0.01–0.1%), filler (0.0356–0.356%) and water (99.9–99.0%). An innovative device for cleaning and disinfection is proposed - a shoe disinfector, which consists of a waterproof box with a bottom wider than the top, filled with a disinfectant solution, a branch pipe for removing waste solution, a brush shaft, which is fixed in the upper part of the waterproof box, an electric motor with a rotational speed 2 rev/s., Which serves as a drive shaft brush, control panel with a start button and a stop button. The proposed developments complement the existing regulations on veterinary and sanitary measures at livestock farms and complexes.
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Mali, Monika, Khandoker Samaher Salem, Roman Sarder, Sachin Agate, Kavita Mathur, and Lokendra Pal. "Understanding Binding of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds with Cellulose-Based Fibers and Wipes for Renewable and Sustainable Hygiene Options." Sustainability 16, no. 4 (February 14, 2024): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16041586.
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Cellulose-based fibers are desirable materials for nonwoven wipes for their good absorbency, strength, cleaning, and biodegradable properties. However, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), being cationic in nature, show electrostatic interactions with anionic cellulosic fibers, reducing the available QACs to efficiently clean surfaces. This research presents sustainable alternative fibers that show better controlled exhaustion than commercial wipes and textile fibers. Textile and lignocellulosic fibers were prepared, soaked in QAC, and a UV–vis spectrophotometer was used to measure their exhaustion percentages. Factors such as immersion time and concentration of the disinfectant were also investigated, which affect the rate of exhaustion of the disinfectant from the fibers. A higher immersion time resulted in better exhaustion, whereas the total exhaustion decreased with an increase in the initial concentration of the disinfectant. The exhaustion of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) from the commercial wipes was also investigated at different immersion times and BAC concentrations. It was found that the wood and non-wood fibers showed more controlled exhaustion than the textile fibers and commercial wipes, and could be considered an alternative option for renewable and sustainable wipes and hygiene products.
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Purba, Rapita, Gabriel Sontaria Manalu, Siti Patimah, and Hilfi Pardi. "Utilization of Organic Waste into Environmentally Friendly Household Cleaning Agents: Eco-Enzyme." Jurnal Perkotaan 16, no. 1 (August 8, 2024): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/perkotaan.v16i1.5604.
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Waste is one of the major problems in terms of preserving the natural environment for humans. When waste is produced in large quantities, improper management will endanger human health and the environment. Making Eco-Enzyme (EE) products from waste, especially organic waste from homes, is one possible answer. Since Eco-Enzyme is made by fermenting organic waste using brown sugar as a substrate, it can be produced on a small scale. The aim of this project is to find out the advantages of producing Eco-Enzyme products from household organic waste, especially fruit and vegetable waste. This experiment uses the method of literature review and simple experimentation. The result of this experiment is an Eco-Enzyme product that is used as a disinfectant, a mixture of floor cleaning detergents, a pesticide residue cleaner, a descaler and a decrease in car radiator temperature, a hand-sanitizer (hand sanitizer) and also a skin wound medicine.
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Metzger, Magdalena, Stefan Manhartseder, Leonie Krausgruber, Carina Wagner, Sara Frank, Rosmarie Reisner, Monika Ehling-Schulz, Johannes Grillari, Roswitha Hosemann, and Peter Dungel. "Prospective Study on the Influence of Occupational Hand Protection Products on the Efficacy of Hand Disinfection." Healthcare 12, no. 6 (March 13, 2024): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12060646.
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Background: To prevent occupational skin diseases, employees are instructed to periodically apply hand protection products as a barrier to protect their hands from water, cleaning agents or other irritants. The aim of this work was to investigate whether bacteria present on the skin at the time of protection product application are enclosed underneath this protective layer, if they can be transferred to other surfaces and if a standard isopropanol-based skin disinfectant can nonetheless reduce the bacterial burden. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in human volunteers based on the European Standard (EN 1500) to assess the burden of microorganisms before and after the application of various protection product formulations and subsequent hand disinfection. Results: All protection products, with the exception of alcohol-based gels, enclosed bacteria underneath a lipid layer which could be transferred onto other surfaces. Still, the hand disinfectant efficiently reduced the bacteria burden. Discussion: In occupations where proper hand hygiene is vital, alcohol-based gels might be the best option for the protection of the skin barrier as well as for reducing the contamination risk. Conclusion: An alcohol-based disinfection agent can dissolve the lipid film of protection products following the standard protocol for hygienic hand disinfection.
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Kamaruddin, A., N. N. Zainol, M. A. Sulaiman, A. S. Sukereman, and H. A. Hashim. "Green Cleaning as a Tool in Combating COVID-19: A Content Validity Study for Malaysian Healthcare Facilities." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1067, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1067/1/012081.
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Abstract Today’s healthcare industry continues to advance its efforts on cleaning and disinfecting while also effectively addressing COVID-19 and other harmful organisms. However, excessive exposure to hazardous cleaning and disinfecting products can itself endanger health. Many of the ingredients used in cleaning products could be very detrimental to the health of the cleaning workers, patients and the environment. Thus, green cleaning practice plays an important role in combating COVID-19 while protecting human health and environment. This study aims to determine the components of green cleaning for healthcare facilities in Malaysia and how green cleaning contributes to human health and prevent common environmental consequences of conventional cleaning practices. A content validity study was conducted which involves eight panels of green cleaning experts. This paper is anticipated to provide an initial guideline as a basis for healthcare facilities in Malaysia in a structured way in practicing green cleaning during the pandemic.
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Young, Linda Mull, Vicki Abram Motz, Emily R. Markey, Suzanne C. Young, and Ronald E. Beaschler. "Recommendations for Best Disinfectant Practices to Reduce the Spread of Infection via Wrestling Mats." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.1.02.
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Context: At the request of the National Wrestling Coaches Association and the head wrestling coach at our university, we conducted a study of infection transmission in collegiate wrestlers. Objective: To examine disinfectant effectiveness and develop best-practice guidelines for minimizing the spread of skin infections via wrestling mats. Design: Controlled laboratory study and crossover study. Setting: Laboratory and two 15-college wrestling invitational meets. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 231 collegiate wrestlers and 8 officials. Intervention(s): In the laboratory-based part of the study, we measured the bacterial load of mats disinfected with 10% bleach, OxiTitan, Benefect, eWater, and KenClean and inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis (strain ATCC 12228) at a concentration of 6.5 × 104 bacteria/cm2. In the empirical part of the study, we used these disinfectants during 2 invitational meets and measured mat and participant bacterial load during competition. Participants were swabbed at weigh-in and after their last bout. Mat bacterial load was monitored hourly. Main Outcome Measure(s): We determined total colony counts and species. Results: With controlled testing, we observed that products claiming to have residual activity reduced bacterial load by 63% over the course of competition compared with nonresidual agents. Only 4 of 182 participating wrestlers tested positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which is the normal population occurrence. The predominant species on mats were skin bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and substantial levels of respiratory bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae), as well as several soil species and a surprisingly low incidence of fecal bacteria (Escherichia coli). Disinfectant effectiveness during the meets was consistent with controlled study findings. Cleaning mats with residual disinfectants reduced the average bacterial load by 76% compared with nonresidual cleaners. Using a footbath did not reduce the bacterial load compared with a bleach-cleaned mat, but using alcohol-based hand gel reduced it by 78%. Conclusions: Best practices based on these data include backward mopping of the mats with a residual disinfectant pulled behind the cleaner, allowing mats to dry before walking on them, having wrestlers use hand gel before each bout, and strongly recommending that all wrestlers receive annual influenza vaccinations.
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Ogodescu, Alexandru Simion, Alexandru Attila Morvay, Adriana Balan, Laura Gavrila, Ana Petcu, and Carmen Savin. "Comparative Study on the Effect of Three Disinfection Procedure on the Streptococcus pyogenes Biofilm Formed on Plastic Materials Used in Paedodontics and Orthodontics." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.1.4797.
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Plastic materials are widely used today in Paedodontics and Orthodontics for manufacturing preventive and therapeutic devices. Since these are worn for long times in the oral cavity biofilm forms on the smooth acrylic surfaces of those appliances. The biofilm must be removed not to destroy the oral microbiology. The aim of this study was to research the possibility of removing the microbial biofilm and disinfecting retainers using the photodynamic effect of toluidine blue O, Fotosan System (CMS Dental, Copenhagen, Denmark) in comparison to two products available on the market Corega Denture Cleanser Tablets (GlaxoSmithKline) and the Retainer Brite� Cleaning Tablets (DENTSPLY International Raintree Essix, FL, USA). The plastic material used in this experiment was the cold-cure acrylic Palapress� vario (Heraeus-Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany). Images of the biofilm formed by Streptococcus pyogenes were obtained using a confocal laser scanning m icroscope. The images were analyzed using Comstat 2 software. The results showed that all the three investigated methods had a disinfectant effect. Corega Denture Cleanser Tablets reduced most of the biofilm formed on the plastic substrate.
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Quinot, Catherine, Sylvie Amsellem-Dubourget, Sofia Temam, Etienne Sevin, Christine Barreto, Arzu Tackin, Jérémy Félicité, et al. "Development of a bar code-based exposure assessment method to evaluate occupational exposure to disinfectants and cleaning products: a pilot study." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 9 (May 14, 2018): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104793.
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ObjectiveHealthcare workers are highly exposed to various types of disinfectants and cleaning products. Assessment of exposure to these products remains a challenge. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of a method, based on a smartphone application and bar codes, to improve occupational exposure assessment among hospital/cleaning workers in epidemiological studies.MethodsA database of disinfectants and cleaning products used in French hospitals, including their names, bar codes and composition, was developed using several sources: ProdHyBase (a database of disinfectants managed by hospital hygiene experts), and specific regulatory agencies and industrial websites. A smartphone application has been created to scan bar codes of products and fill a short questionnaire. The application was tested in a French hospital. The ease of use and the ability to record information through this new approach were estimated.ResultsThe method was tested in a French hospital (7 units, 14 participants). Through the application, 126 records (one record referred to one product entered by one participant/unit) were registered, majority of which were liquids (55.5%) or sprays (23.8%); 20.6% were used to clean surfaces and 15.9% to clean toilets. Workers used mostly products with alcohol and quaternary ammonium compounds (>90% with weekly use), followed by hypochlorite bleach and hydrogen peroxide (28.6%). For most records, information was available on the name (93.7%) and bar code (77.0%). Information on product compounds was available for all products and recorded in the database.ConclusionThis innovative and easy-to-use method could help to improve the assessment of occupational exposure to disinfectants/cleaning products in epidemiological studies.
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Tishyn, O. L., R. V. Khomiak, G. T. Kopijchuk, M. M. Danko, and S. A. Ponomariova. "Bactericidal and disinfective properties of disinfectant «GK-10»." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 87 (April 26, 2018): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8701.
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The article presents the results of research on bactericidal properties of the new domestic disinfectant «GK-10», which is a transparent solution of light yellow color, without mechanical inclusions with a specific odor. It is well mixed with water. It is based on alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (QAC) and dodecylbispropylentriamine (1,3-prodadiene) (tertiary amines). Was found bactericidal dilution (BD), bactericidal concentration (BC), phenolic coefficient (FC) and protein index (PI). Thus, the most susceptible to the action of the disinfectant were were gram-negative bacteria E. coli, where cell death occurred at 10 and 30 minute exposures at concentrations of 0.19 and 0.14%, respectively. Due to the action of the disinfectant on the gram-positive bacteria S. aureus, cell death came at these exposures at concentrations 0.27 and 0.19%, respectively. The least susceptible to the action of the disinfectant were vegetative forms of B. subtilis, the death of these bacteria came at concentrations 0.37 and 0.27% at 10 and 30 minutes of exposure, respectively. Effects of disinfectant was over 5.38 and 2.74 times higher on microorganisms of E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, of the decontamination effect of phenol, and in the presence of protein, the activity of the disinfectant is reduced by 6.45 times. The efficiency of the disinfectant for the strains of microorganisms at the disinfestation of the test-object surfaces is determined. It has been established that for test cultures of E. coli and S. aureus 0.05–0.3% of disinfectant concentration is ineffective, and 0.5% its disinfectant concentration for disinfection of hard surfaces in preventive disinfection of premises for animals is insufficient for exposure in 120 minutes. For spore form B. subtilis 1.0% disinfectant concentration was ineffective. 1.0% concentration is effective for aseptic cleaning: slaughterhouses, processing shops, laboratory facilities, means of transporting products of animal origin, soaking clothes before washing, and also for treating surfaces of wood, metal and glazed tile at exposures of 60 minutes and more, and when spore forms of microorganisms, the working concentration of insoluble in disinfection of objects subject to veterinary control should be 3% and above. It has been proved that the disinfectant «GK-10» is effective at a concentration of 0.5% at exposure for 180 minutes and at a concentration of 1.0% at an exposure of 120 minutes for the sanation and preventive disinfection of premises for animals.
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Kobos, Lisa, Kim Anderson, Laura Kurth, Xiaoming Liang, Caroline P. Groth, Lucy England, A. Scott Laney, and M. Abbas Virji. "Characterization of Cleaning and Disinfection Product Use, Glove Use, and Skin Disorders by Healthcare Occupations in a Midwestern Healthcare Facility." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 2216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122216.
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Healthcare facility staff use a wide variety of cleaning and disinfecting products during their daily operations, many of which are associated with respiratory or skin irritation or sensitization with repeated exposure. The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of cleaning and disinfection product use, glove use during cleaning and disinfection, and skin/allergy symptoms by occupation and identify the factors influencing glove use among the healthcare facility staff. A questionnaire was administered to the current employees at a midwestern Veterans Affairs healthcare facility that elicited information on cleaning and disinfection product use, glove use during cleaning and disinfection, skin/allergy symptoms, and other demographic characteristics, which were summarized by occupation. The central supply/environmental service (2% of the total survey population) and nursing occupations (licensed practical nurse: 3%, nurse: 26%, nursing assistant: 3%, other nurses: 10% of the total survey population, respectively) had the highest prevalence of using cleaning or disinfecting products, specifically quaternary ammonium compounds, bleach, and alcohol. Glove use while using products was common in both patient care and non-patient care occupations. The factors associated with glove use included using bleach or quaternary ammonium compounds and using cleaning products 2–3 or 4–5 days per week. A high frequency of glove use (≥75%) was reported by workers in most occupations when using quaternary ammonium compounds or bleach. The use of alcohol, bleach, and quaternary ammonium compounds was associated with skin disorders (p < 0.05). These research findings indicate that although the workers from most occupations report a high frequency of glove use when using cleaning and disinfection products, there is room for improvement, especially among administrative, maintenance, and nursing workers. These groups may represent populations which could benefit from the implementation of workplace interventions and further training regarding the use of personal protective equipment and the potential health hazards of exposure to cleaning and disinfecting chemicals.
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&NA;. "Hospital Cleaning Products and Disinfectants Increase Asthma Risk for Nurses." Nurse Educator 34, no. 3 (May 2009): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nne.0000334810.43554.3e.
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Farnell, Morgan, and Lindsey Wythe. "Microbial assessment of poultry farm biosecurity. Proceeding of The First International Avian Influenza Summit, University of Arkansas- October 16-17, 2023”." First International Avian Influenza Summit. The University of Arkansas. October 16-17, 2023 3, no. 1 (October 2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51585/gtop.2023.1.0026.
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Biosecurity may be defined as protection from pathogens or disease. This may include the separation of the flock from living vectors or inanimate objects called fomites. While prevention of host-specific and zoonotic diseases is important, the commercial poultry industry is already preoccupied with the challenges of day-to-day operations. The purpose of this project was to illustrate how surfaces that may seem clean are heavily contaminated with microorganisms that may be responsible for human and avian diseases. We also evaluated three common intervention strategies, including disposable boot covers, foot baths, and tire disinfection. Poultry environmental samples were collected at the Texas A\&M University Poultry Science Research Center, including fan shrouds, side air inlets, cool cell reservoirs, truck tires, truck floor mats, doorknobs, controller panels, a bioaerosol air sampler, and an impactor air sampler. A total of 30 samples were collected per sample type, which was homogenized, serially diluted, and spread plated onto agar media to culture total aerobes, Staphylococci, and coliform bacteria. 6.6 log10 colony-forming units cfu/cm2 of aerobic bacteria were found at the greatest concentration, followed by Staphylococci (5.6 log10 colony-forming units cfu/cm2) and coliforms (2 log10 colony-forming units cfu/cm2). This pattern was observed in most of the samples. Boot covers, foot baths, and tire disinfection were tested for efficacy. While disposable boot covers significantly reduced the number of aerobes, Staphylococci, and coliforms, as many as 300 microorganisms per cm2 still made it through to the inner boot cover. Disinfectants are commonly misused due to not properly clearing the surface prior to application or allowing the proper contact time. We found that while disinfection significantly reduced these indicator organisms, that reductions were only 10 to 100-fold, leaving many viable bacteria behind. Increased contact time from 3 seconds to 10 minutes resulted in significant reductions of aerobes and Staphylococcus. The tire wash data mirrored our foot bath data. Data was shared from previous laboratory and field trials. Less than 1% sterile poultry litter significantly reduced disinfectant efficacy across four product categories. Extended storage time of 30 weeks reduced product efficacy as well. We shared electron micrographs to illustrate how visually clean and smooth surfaces provide many hiding places for microbes, reducing disinfectant efficacy. While risk can never be reduced to zero, it may be reduced and controlled with good management practices. Cleaning and disinfection should follow a five-step process of dry cleaning, soap wash, rinse, drying, and finally disinfection. Labels should be read closely so that the product is used safely and effectively. While there are many viable products on the market, disinfecting a clean surface and following recommendations for contact time are very important to get the best results. Following best management practices such as reducing pest (insect/rodent) harborage and following your integrated pest management program will help reduce risk significantly.
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Sofyan, Rudy, Nurzainah Ginting, Zuhrina Masythah, and Junita Setiana Ginting. "Optimizing Rejected Oranges into Multipurpose Products in Seribu Jandi Village." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v8i1.9714.
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One of the programs in the 8th Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is "Supporting inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all", with the target of achieving higher levels of economic productivity through certification, technological quality improvement, and innovation. Seribu Jandi Village, located in Simalungun Regency, is a center for orange producers. However, some of the oranges produced are categorized as rejected oranges. The main problems faced by orange farming communities in this village are the high volume of rejected oranges and their lack of understanding of processing rejected oranges. As a result, the rejected oranges are only thrown away which pollute the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to take corrective actions by processing rejected oranges into multipurpose products, such as biocatalysts, biodisinfectants, and floor cleaning fluids. Biocatalysts can be used to optimize the absorption of soil elements by orange plants, which certainly will maximize the use of fertilizers. Biodisinfectants are more recommended to be used than chemical disinfectants because chemical disinfectants have side effects that can cause irritation to human skin. Cleaning liquid can be used instead of chemical cleaning fluid, which also has an impact on the environment. In relation to this problem, it is necessary to carry out a series of activities that will greatly help the orange farming community in Seribu Jandi Village. The activities to be carried out are conducting training and counseling on the utilization of rejected oranges into multipurpose products.
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Dias, Ryan P., Marella H. Schammel, Keith P. Reber, and John D. Sivey. "Applications of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene as a derivatizing agent for quantifying free chlorine, free bromine, bromamines, and bromide in aqueous systems." Analytical Methods 11, no. 43 (2019): 5521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01443h.
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Free chlorine and free bromine (e.g., HOCl and HOBr) are employed as disinfectants in a variety of aqueous systems, including drinking water, wastewater, ballast water, recreational waters, and cleaning products.
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Prasad, Shivonne, Joshua C. Lipszyc, and Susan M. Tarlo. "Update on effects of cleaning agents on allergy and asthma." LymphoSign Journal 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14785/lymphosign-2018-0013.
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Background: Cleaning and disinfecting agents are widely used in modern life, in homes, schools, public places, and workplaces as well as in recreational facilities such as swimming pools. Use has been for sanitizing purposes and to assist in reduction of infection as well as for deodorizing purposes. However, adverse respiratory effects have been associated with use of cleaning products ranging from effects in infancy and early childhood up to adults at home and work. Methods: This review summarizes recent published literature on the effects of cleaning agents used pre-natally, in childhood and adult life, at home, work, and in swimming pools. Results: Several studies have indicated that there is an increased risk of developing asthma among adults with frequent exposure to cleaning products at work and in the home. Potential mechanisms include sensitization and respiratory irritant effects. Exposure to irritant chlorine by-products from swimming pools have also been associated with respiratory effects and increased risk of asthma. Potential effects from maternal exposures to cleaning products on infants, and effects on early childhood atopy are less clear. Conclusions: Exposure to cleaning agents increases relative risks of asthma among workers, and adults using these agents in the home. Risks are also increased with exposure to chlorinated by-products from swimming pools, both in adults and children. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of these associations.
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S, Nisitha, Geetha Balasubramani, and Paul Pradeep J. "A Review: Toxic Chemicals Emitted from Air fresheners & Disinfectants." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47180.
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Abstract: Health and wealth are closely related to indoor air quality (IAQ). Breathing clean air can lead to a better quality of life, it reduces the risk of respiratory infections, and it minimize the risk of developing a number of chronic diseases. According to data from the WHO, 90% of people around the world spend their time indoors. Outdoor pollution is 2 to 5 times lower than that found indoors. In this review article, we discussed about how air fresheners, cleaning agents, and disinfectants affect people's health and how they release air pollutants. Air pollution is a significant hazard to people's quality of life. The majority of diseases and early deaths are brought on by breathing this contaminant air. since everyone today uses a variety of cleaning reagents and air fresheners without considering the potentially harmful effects. Spray cleaning technology and disinfectants have been linked to negative respiratory effects. The common Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by air fragrance products are limonene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and other terpenes. These pollutants have been linked to a number of adverse health effects, including contact dermatitis, migraine headaches, asthma attacks, respiratory problems, neurological issues, and mucosal symptoms. This review article emphasizes the drawbacks of chemical-based air fresheners and cleaning products. Here we also focus the unexpected respiratory diseases caused by long term exposure of chemical pollutants emitted by air fresheners on indoor environment.
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Myronchuk, V. O., and R. A. Peleno. "Retrospective analysis of production of main active ingredients and assortment of disinfectants in Ukraine." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 25, no. 110 (June 18, 2023): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11011.
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There are practically no disinfectants on the market of veterinary drugs that fully meet the requirements. This is due to the significant diversity and peculiarity of the structure of microorganisms and their ability to form resistance during long-term use of the same disinfectants. This is one of the reasons for the active search for effective active substances, the development of new drugs, and their registration, contributing to quite intensive changes in the range of disinfectants on the market. The work aimed to analyze the production, determine the share of domestic and imported disinfectants, determine the main active substances, and the range of disinfectants registered in Ukraine. The research material was a list of disinfectants registered in Ukraine used in animal husbandry, veterinary and humane medicine, and the food industry. It was established that from 2018 to 2022, 66 domestic and imported disinfectants were registered in Ukraine. Imported disinfectants are produced mainly in Great Britain, France, Belgium, Spain, Germany, Israel, Slovenia, Denmark, and the Netherlands. From among domestic companies, PP “Kronos Agro”, LLC “BioTestLab”, LLC “SANFORT-P”, LLC “Brovapharma”, LLC “Ukrvetprompostach”, LLC “Ukrainian-Polish joint enterprise “ZVK”, LLC “VetAgro” are engaged in the production of disinfectants, LLC “Inter-Syntez”, LLC “Ukrainian Chemical Technologies LTD”, LLC “GREENPAKS”, LLC NVK “Globus”, LLC “Vetsyntez”, PF “Termit”, LLC “ABM-Trade”, LLC “Dezsystema”, LLC “Tandem-2002”, NVPP “DEZO” and LLC “UKRTEK KO”. It was determined that manufacturers often use chlorine and oxygen as active ingredients, and the number of products with one active ingredient is relatively insignificant. Most often, the active substance of modern disinfectants is quaternary ammonium salts in combination with aldehydes. Their number is 33.4 % of all registered means. This means combining QAS and acids and QAS and oxygen compounds takes 3.2 times less time. Means containing other combinations of active substances are from 1.5 to 4.6 %. It was established that the leader in the production of imported “cleansing probiotics” (PIP – Probiotics In Progress) is the British company “Ingenious Probiotics”, which produces 66.7 % of registered products. Three companies produce this kind of disinfectant in our country; their assortment includes 23 names, and the largest share belongs to the company “Sirion”.
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Savych, A. M. "Peculiarities of care for patients with coronavirus infection. Important safety issues for health care workers." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3.2 (December 15, 2020): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.2-254-256.
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Background. In case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), contact persons include, but are not limited to, health care workers (HCW) and caregivers of COVID-19 patients. Personal protective equipment is required for HCW working with patients or individuals with suspected COVID-19. Correct sequence and the correct technique of putting them on is very important.
Objective. To describe the safety measures for HCW in care of patients with COVID-19.
Materials and methods. Analysis of literature sources on this topic.
Results and discussion. Contaminated environmental surfaces take part in the contact route of transmission. To reduce the role of fomites in the transmission of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, special recommendations of the Ministry of Health on surface cleaning and disinfection have been developed. After cleaning, disinfectants must be used to reduce the viral load on the surface. These disinfectants are also effective against other pathogens that are important in health care settings. Such agents include ethanol 70-90 %, chlorine-based agents, and hydrogen peroxide >0.5 %. The register of disinfectants of Ukraine contains more than 200 brands. The vast majority of them are represented by alcohol- and chlorine-containing solutions of various concentrations, colors and odors. The use of these solutions is limited to the torso and extremities. These solutions have a number of limitations and caveats in their use. For instance, in case of contact with mucous membranes, they have an irritating effect and require rinsing with plenty of water. Vapors of some of them should not be inhaled, so they should be used in well-ventilated areas or with protective equipment. Alcohol-based products should not be applied to damaged areas of the skin due to protein denaturation. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends to use the chlorine- and alcohol-based solutions with caution due to the lack of evidence of their safety. The decamethoxine-based solution Yusept (“Yuria-Pharm”) is intended for disinfection of hands and other parts of the body, including the face; for disinfection of HCW gloves and gloves in other places; for disinfection and pre-sterilization cleaning of all medical devices from various materials; for disinfection of hairdresser’s, manicure, pedicure and cosmetic accessories; for disinfection of rooms, furniture, patient care items, hygiene products, utensils, containers, sanitary equipment, rubber carpets; for current, final and preventive disinfection; for use in aerosol disinfection systems such as Yu-box and other disinfection systems. Proper hand washing technique is also an important preventive measure. The effectiveness of prevention of HCW infection during their professional duties depends on how serious the problem is taken by the management of the health care institution and the HCW, who work with infectious patients, themselves.
Conclusions. 1. For HCW working with patients or persons with suspected COVID-19, the use of personal protective equipment is mandatory. 2. Contaminated surfaces take part in the implementation of the contact route of infections’ transmission. 3. The vast majority of disinfectant solutions are alcohol- and chlorine-containing ones, which have a number of limitations and precautions in use. 4. Yusept solution is intended for disinfection of hands and other parts of the body, including the face; for disinfection and pre-sterilization cleaning of all medical devices; for disinfection of rooms, furniture, patient care items; for use in aerosol disinfection systems.
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Presgrave, Rosaura de Farias, Luiz Antônio Bastos Camacho, and Maria Helena Simões Villas Boas. "A profile of unintentional poisoning caused by household cleaning products, disinfectants and pesticides." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 24, no. 12 (December 2008): 2901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2008001200019.
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Unintentional poisoning occurred mainly among children. The leading cause of such poisoning in Brazil, among consumer products was household cleaning products. For this study 2810 calls made to two poison control centers in the State of Rio de Janeiro between January 2000 and December 2002 were analyzed. Children under five were the most vulnerable group. More boys under 10 suffered accidental poisoning than girls, although above this age, the distribution was inverted. The calls received by poison control centers were mainly from health services within the first two hours following poisoning. The most frequent exposure routes were ingestion (90.4%), followed by inhalation (4.3%), skin and eye contact (2.4% and 2% respectively). The products involved were bleach, petroleum derivates, rodenticides and pesticides. The main causes were products within the children's reach, storage in soft drink bottles, food mixed with rodenticides, incorrect product use, and kitchen utensils used for measured cleaning products. The most common outcome was that the patient was cured, although a lot of cases were lost to follow-up. Education programs are necessary in order to avoid these poisonings.
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Lemire, Pierre, Sofia Temam, Sarah Lyon-Caen, Catherine Quinot, Etienne Sévin, Sophie Remacle, Karine Supernant, et al. "Comparison of a Barcode-Based Smartphone Application to a Questionnaire to Assess the Use of Cleaning Products at Home and Their Association with Asthma Symptoms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073366.
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Household disinfectant and cleaning products (HDCPs) assessment is challenging in epidemiological research. We hypothesized that a newly-developed smartphone application was more objective than questionnaires in assessing HDCPs. Therefore, we aimed to compare both methods, in terms of exposure assessments and respiratory health effects estimates. The women of the SEPAGES birth cohort completed repeated validated questionnaires on HDCPs and respiratory health and used an application to report HDCPs and scan products barcodes, subsequently linked with an ingredients database. Agreements between the two methods were assessed by Kappa coefficients. Logistic regression models estimated associations of HDCP with asthma symptom score. The 101 participants (18 with asthma symptom score ≥1) scanned 617 different products (580 with available ingredients list). Slight to fair agreements for sprays, bleach and scented HDCP were observed (Kappa: 0.35, 0.25, 0.11, respectively). Strength of the associations between HDCP and asthma symptom score varied between both methods but all odds ratios (OR) were greater than one. The number of scanned products used weekly was significantly associated with the asthma symptom score (adjusted-OR [CI 95%]: 1.15 [1.00–1.32]). This study shows the importance of using novel tools in epidemiological research to objectively assess HDCP and therefore reduce exposure measurement errors.
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Marques, Ana C., Melissa Mariana, and Elisa Cairrao. "Triclosan and Its Consequences on the Reproductive, Cardiovascular and Thyroid Levels." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 11427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911427.
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Hygiene is essential to avoid diseases, and this is thanks to daily cleaning and disinfection habits. Currently, there are numerous commercial products containing antimicrobial agents, and although they are efficient in disinfecting, it is still not known the effect of the constant use of these products on human health. In fact, a massive use of disinfectants has been observed due to COVID-19, but the possible adverse effects are not yet known. Triclosan is one of the antimicrobial agents used in cosmetic products, toothpaste, and disinfectants. This compound is an endocrine disruptor, which means it can interfere with hormonal function, with its estrogenic and androgenic activity having already been stated. Even if the use of triclosan is well-regulated, with the maximum allowed concentration in the European Union of 0.3% (m/m), its effects on human health are still uncertain. Studies in animals and humans suggest the possibility of harmful health outcomes, particularly for the reproductive system, and in a less extent for the cardiovascular and thyroid functions. Thus, the purpose of this review was to analyse the possible implications of the massive use of triclosan, mainly on the reproductive and cardiovascular systems and on the thyroid function, both in animals and humans.
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Kiatwarawut, Kanket, Dinesh Rokaya, and Irin Sirisoontorn. "Antimicrobial Activity of Various Disinfectants to Clean Thermoplastic Polymeric Appliances in Orthodontics." Polymers 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112256.
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There is a lack of research evidence on the risk–benefits of the various disinfectants in cleaning products and cleansing regimens. This systematic review compared the antimicrobial activity of various chemical disinfectants to disinfect the thermoplastic polymeric appliances in orthodontics. The study was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. An electronic search was conducted on Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Springer. Two authors independently investigated the risk of bias in duplication. A total of 225 articles were collected. After removing duplicates, 221 articles remained, and after filtering their titles and abstracts, 11 articles met eligibility qualifications remained. Finally, nine articles that met the criteria were selected. It showed that both over-the-counter orthodontic appliance cleaners and applied-chemical disinfectants were effective against bacteria. The duration and frequency of usage guidelines cannot be concluded.
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Tjalvin, Gro, Øistein Svanes, Jannicke Igland, Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen, Bryndís Benediktsdóttir, Shyamali Dharmage, Bertil Forsberg, et al. "Maternal preconception occupational exposure to cleaning products and disinfectants and offspring asthma." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 149, no. 1 (January 2022): 422–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.025.
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Hood, Tevon, and Pooja Varshney. "Maternal Preconception Occupational Exposure to Cleaning Products and Disinfectants and Offspring Asthma." Pediatrics 150, Supplement 3 (December 1, 2022): S36—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-059346bbb.
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Voitiuk, O. D., A. V. Yegorova, Yu V. Scrypynets, S. N. Kashutskуy, and I. V. Umetskaya. "HPLC determination of residual amounts of phenoxyethanol – a component of the washing and disinfecting agent «Incidin Pro»." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 1 (March 11, 2020): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.1.20.08.
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A prerequisite for ensuring the quality of medicines is their production in accordance with the rules of GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products), one of the most important requirements of which is equipment cleaning. Modern disinfectants that are used for the sanitary processing of technological equipment are multicomponent. These include not only the active substances of disinfectants, but also surfactants, stabilizers. In case of violation of the regimes of final washing of these agents from the surfaces of technological equipment, there is a possibility of their introduction into pharmaceutical products. This problem in Ukraine is practically unexplored due to the lack of effective methods for determining the microconcentrations of disinfectants.
Washing and disinfecting agent «Incidin Pro» (active ingredients: N,N-bis- (3-aminopropyl) dodecylamine, benzalkonium chloride, phenoxyethanol) is used to clean pharmaceutical equipment. A risk analysis was carried out and a component for detecting residual amounts of this agent – phenoxyethanol (MAСO – 2.9 μg/ml) was determined.
The aim of this work is to develop an easy-to-use, express, selective HPLC method for determining residual amounts of phenoxyethanol in washes.
Object of study – phenoxyethanol – a component of washing and disinfecting agent «Incidin Pro». For quantitative determination, high performance liquid chromatography was used. Chromatography was performed on an Agilent 1260 Infinity 2D LC System liquid chromatograph (USA) with a UV detector. The optimal conditions for the analysis were experimentally established: chromatographic column (0.10 m x 4.6 mm, filled with octadecylsilyl silica gel for chromatography (3.5 μm)), eluent composition and its gradient, column temperature (30 °C), wavelength (210 nm) and detection time are required to ensure that all components (including excipients) are exited from the column, selective determination of phenoxyethanol, and minimization of analysis time. The methodology is validated by the following parameters: specificity, linearity, limit of quantification. The specificity of the method is based on the ability to reliably determine the content of phenoxyethanol in the washes, which is achieved by using an external standard. The calibration graph shows that the detection limit of phenoxyethanol is 0.04 μg/ml. The developed method can be recommended for determination of residual quantities of phenoxyethanol in quality control of cleaning of pharmaceutical equipment.
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Karaev, Andrey Lvovich, Marina Vasilevna Bidevkina, and Margarita Vladimirovna Matrosenko. "Safety assessment of residual amounts of disinfectants based on quaternary ammonium compounds on medical devices." Disinfection affairs, no. 3 (September 2021): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35411/2076-457x-2021-3-36-39.
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Has been made an assessment of the toxicity of residual amounts of disinfectants after using them on products, made from various materials, with DS solutions based on QAC. The working solutions were used in concentrations from 0.3 to 7 % (by DV). The safety of the studied samples was assessed by the toxicity index "It" (in%) on an AT-05 Image Analyzer. Washing out of the residual amounts of DS in concentrations of 0.3–0.7 % (by DW) did not significantly affect the total time of disinfection treatment or pre-sterilization cleaning. At higher concentrations of solutions, there were differences in the time of washing test items and dishes for receiving safe amounts of DS. It is concluded that it is inexpedient to use solutions based on QAC in a concentration of more than 4.5 % (in terms of DV) for disinfection treatment and pre-sterilization cleaning of products made of natural and silicone rubber. Keywords: disinfectants, quaternary ammonium compounds, product washing, AT-05 image analyzer, toxicity index.
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Yasseen III, Abdool, Deborah Weiss, Sandy Remer, Nina Dobbin, Morgan MacNeill, Bojana Bogeljic, Dennis Leong, et al. "Increases in exposure calls related to selected cleaners and disinfectants at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: data from Canadian poison centres." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 1, no. 1 (January 2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.41.1.03.
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Abstract Little is known about the use or misuse of cleaning products during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compiled data from January to June in 2019 and 2020 from Canadian poison centres, and report on calls regarding selected cleaning products and present year-overyear percentage change. There were 3408 (42%) calls related to bleaches; 2015 (25%) to hand sanitizers; 1667 (21%) to disinfectants; 949 (12%) to chlorine gas; and 148 (2%) to chloramine gas. An increase in calls occurred in conjunction with the onset of COVID-19, with the largest increase occurring in March. Timely access to Canadian poison centre data facilitated early communication of safety messaging for dissemination to the public.
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Thornton, Stephen L., Lisa Oller, Kathy White, Doyle Coons, and Elizabeth Silver. "2020 Annual Report of the Kansas Poison Control Center at The University of Kansas Health System." Kansas Journal of Medicine 15, no. 2 (May 17, 2022): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol15.16291.
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Introduction. This is the 2020 Annual Report of the Kansas Poison Control Center (KSPCC) at The University of Kansas Health System. The KSPCC receives calls from the public, law enforcement, health care professionals, and public health agencies.Methods. Encounters reported to the KSPCC from 01/01/2020 through 12/31/2020 were analyzed for caller location, demographics, exposure substance, nature of exposure, route of exposure, interventions, medical outcome, and location of care. Encounters were classified as human or animal exposure, confirmed non-exposure, or information call (no exposure).Results. There were 19,780 total encounters, including 18,492 human exposure cases. These cases were primarily female (53.6%, n = 9,911) and pediatric (19 years of age or less). (59.5%, n = 10,995). Acute cases (82.7%, n = 15,294), unintentional exposures (73.8%, n = 13,643) and ingestions (85.9%, n = 15,901) were most common. The most common reported substance was household cleaning products (n = 937) in pediatric (children ≤ 5) and analgesics (n = 1,335) in adults. An increase in exposures to disinfectants and household cleaning products was seen. Moderate (n = 1,812) or major (n=482) clinical outcomes were seen in 12.4% of cases. There were 18 deaths in 2020 reported to the KSPCC.Conclusions. Over 18,400 exposures were managed by the KSPCC in 2020. Pediatric exposures remained the most common encounter. An increase in exposures to disinfectants and other household cleaning products was seen. This report supports the continued value of the KSPCC to both public and acute health care in the state of Kansas.