Academic literature on the topic 'Disengagement process'
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Journal articles on the topic "Disengagement process"
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Ghassemi, Mirjam, Katharina Bernecker, Marcel Herrmann, and Veronika Brandstätter. "The Process of Disengagement From Personal Goals." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43, no. 4 (February 1, 2017): 524–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167216689052.
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To date, it is not well understood how individuals disengage from goals. A recent approach suggests that disengagement is often preceded by an action crisis, a motivational conflict in which the individual is torn between holding on to and letting go of a personal goal. We postulate that a dynamic interplay between the experience of action crisis and appraisals of goal desirability and attainability shapes the disengagement process from personal goals. In two longitudinal studies ( N = 364), an action crisis in the goal to complete a university degree predicted devaluations of its desirability and attainability, and reversely, low goal attainability (but not desirability) predicted an increase in action crisis. Moreover, studies provided first evidence that devaluing goal desirability might be functional for well-being in an action crisis. Studies strengthen the view that disengagement is shaped by reciprocal processes between the experience of action crisis and changes in goal appraisal.
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Duhart, Philippe. "Directing Disengagement." European Journal of Sociology 57, no. 1 (April 2016): 31–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975616000023.
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AbstractThis article examines the relationship between the structure of politico-military movements and effective insurgent engagement in peace processes. Drawing on the experiences of Irish republicans and Basque separatists, I argue that centralized movement structures in which politicos wield influence over armed groups allow for effective coordination between movement wings in peace efforts while providing political leaders with credibility as interlocutors. In the Irish case, centralization enabled Sinn Fein leaders to ensure Provisional ira commitment to peace and to contain schism within the republican movement throughout the peace process. In the Basque case, movement decentralization created persistent coordination problems between wings during peace efforts, while eta’s unilateral reneging prevented political allies from establishing credibility as peacemakers. These cases show that while movement leaders untainted by direct association with armed groups may be more politically palatable than those with ties to “terrorists”, tainted leaders may make more credible partners for peace.
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Ivanova, Stela, Theresa Treffers, and Fred Langerak. "Time to Disengagement in the Nascent Venturing Process." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 11054. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.11054abstract.
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Dougherty, A. Michael, Frances E. Tack, Carla B. Fullam, and Larry A. Hammer. "Disengagement: A Neglected Aspect of the Consultation Process." Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation 7, no. 3 (September 1996): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532768xjepc0703_5.
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Khan, Shaji A., Jintong Tang, and Kailash Joshi. "Disengagement of Nascent Entrepreneurs from the Start-Up Process." Journal of Small Business Management 52, no. 1 (June 20, 2013): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12032.
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Osofsky, Michael J., Albert Bandura, and Philip G. Zimbardo. "The Role of Moral Disengagement in the Execution Process." Law and Human Behavior 29, no. 4 (2005): 371–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10979-005-4930-1.
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Garcia-Jimenez, Maria, Maria Jesus Cala, M. Eva Trigo, and Manuel L. de la Mata. "Women’s Disengagement From Legal Proceedings for Intimate Partner Violence in Southern Spain: Variables Related to Legal Proceedings." Crime & Delinquency 65, no. 13 (July 25, 2018): 1873–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718789857.
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This article studies the relationship between a set of variables related to the legal process and women’s disengagement from legal proceedings against their (ex)partners in Southern Spain. A total of 345 women answered a questionnaire. Results evidenced that request for a protection order (PO), granting such PO, imprisonment of the offender, and women’s perception of who decided during the process were significantly related to disengagement (medium effect size). In addition, a logistic regression model was developed to predict disengagement with two variables: granting a PO and women’s perception of who decided. Results are interpreted in terms of the necessity that the judicial system gives support, protects, and provides women with opportunities to participate in the recovery process.
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Dziewanski, Dariusz. "Leaving Gangs in Cape Town: Disengagement as Role Exit." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 49, no. 4 (May 5, 2020): 507–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241620915942.
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A lack of scholarship on gang leaving in Cape Town, South Africa creates the impression that joining gangs is a death sentence. However, this paper shows that gang members can disengage, even amidst the scarcity of an emerging city. It combines life history research with Ebaugh’s (2013) role exit theory in an analysis of the disengagements of 24 former gang participants. Research considers the various stages of out-of-gang transitions, profiling the drivers and impediments to gang exit. Specific focus is placed on understanding how violence both catalyzes and challenges out-of-gang transition during the differential processes of disengagement. Findings indicate a lengthy and challenging transitional process from the point the first doubts emerge to the time a person successfully becomes an ex-gangster. Progress through different phases of gang exit is generally uneven and unpredictable, and carried out in a context with significant social, economic, and security challenges. Still, those interviewed for this study offer compelling examples to show that disengagement is possible. Their journeys yield insights that can be leveraged to design better informed efforts to reduce gang violence—whether in Cape Town, or in other similarly inequality prone and insecure cities around the world.
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Saha, Sumi Rani, and Ashik Zaman. "Satisfaction in Old Age: Activity or Disengagement?" Journal of Sociological Research 12, no. 1 (December 17, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsr.v12i1.17399.
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The aging process of human being is intertwined with two vital aspects of life experiences; work and retirement when elderly people face greater uncertainties than other age groups as they have to replace themselves in the newer environs with shifting roles. Thus, in this process, researchers have queries whether elderly disengage or withdraw, whether their disengagement or activity brings satisfactions and how is their attitude towards the functionality of disengagement. To measure these, disengagement and activity theories have been used with descriptive research design when respondents were selected purposively and interviewed Face-to-Face. Most of the elderly in Bangladesh believe themselves to be forced to retire. A significant portion of retired elderly answered that they wanted to be engaged instead retire but, in reality, most of them enjoy disengagement escaping from earlier activities that ensures their quality of life and satisfaction. After all, it is found that disengagement is functional as the sense that the elderly people give up their positions to the young as they are not able to defeat them in the activity level.
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Schrag, Rachel Voth, Leila Wood, and Noël Busch-Armendariz. "Pathways From Intimate Partner Violence to Academic Disengagement Among Women University Students." Violence and Victims 35, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vv-d-18-00173.
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More knowledge is needed related to collegiate intimate partner violence (IPV) and the pathways between experiencing physical and psychological IPV and academic disengagement. Students in a University System in the southwest completed an online survey including measures of physical and psychological IPV, academic disengagement, sense of community, and safety on campus. Conditional process analyses were used to understand key pathways for 6,818 woman identified students. All models found a significant indirect path between physical and psychological IPV and academic disengagement via depression symptoms. Students' sense of community on campus was associated with less academic disengagement regardless of physical violence. The impact of psychological IPV on disengagement was stronger for those with lower senses of community. Enhancing screening and education, providing effective mental health counseling, and increasing advocacy will help institutions better address IPV.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Disengagement process"
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Sylvestre, John C. "A process-oriented approach to the study of coping by disengagement and distraction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ55640.pdf.
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Barry, Robin Ann. "Romantic disengagement as a developmental process that contributes to marital distress and decline." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/779.
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Romantic disengagement is a disturbingly prevalent yet understudied cause of marital distress and dissolution. Existing research on disengagement has been primarily descriptive and limited by reliance on retrospective reports from already disengaged spouses. Theoretically informed prospective research to elucidate the process through which some spouses become increasingly disengaged from their partners over time is necessary to facilitate clinical intervention efforts. Thus the purpose of this research was to propose a theoretically informed model of the process of romantic disengagement and then to perform preliminary tests of pieces of the model. The model was tested in a sample of 103 married couples assessed six times over their first seven years of marriage.
Pieces of the model that were tested included (1) the implication that avoidant and disengaging behaviors toward one's partner, particularly during times of need or increased stress (such as marital conflict interactions), are indicators of a process of romantic disengagement, (2) that predispositional and contextual factors interact to predict a spouse's greater tendency to behave avoidantly during couple interactions, and (3) that spouses tendency to be more avoidant with his or her partner later in marriage will be greater to the extent that avoidance is reinforced early in marriage. First, I examined whether avoidant behavior during marital conflict contributes to a process of romantic disengagement as evidenced by declines in trust and intimacy and declines in marital satisfaction. Consistent with hypotheses, I found higher conflict avoidance was associated with declines in trust and intimacy and declines in marital satisfaction. Second, I tested two predispositional (i.e., spouses' attachment avoidance and avoidant coping style) and two contextual factors (spouses' role during support interactions, and the partner's negative affect) that were expected to interact to predict whether spouses behave avoidantly during specific couple interactions. I found mixed support for hypotheses depending on spouse and interaction type. Specifically, during conflict interactions, husbands and wives with higher attachment avoidance, and wives with more avoidant coping styles, behaved more avoidantly to the extent that their partners were higher in negative affect. During supportive transactions, husbands with more avoidant coping styles were more disengaged to the extent that their wives were higher in negative affect. Third, I tested my hypothesis that a spouse will be more avoidant with his or her partner later in marriage to the extent that avoidance is reinforced early in marriage. I found partial support for this hypothesis. Husbands' disengagement during conflict interactions interacted with improved mood post-interaction to predict husbands' disengagement across interactions at 7 years of marriage. In summary, this research presents an integrated theoretical model of romantic disengagement and provides preliminary support for aspects of the model.
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Kulju, Lotta. "Det är inte talangen som avgör, utan våra val : En kvalitativ studie om varför unga, talangfulla flickor slutar spela handboll i Sverige." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105504.
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De flesta elitidrottskarriärer har sin startgrop i föreningsidrotten och närmare 90 procent av alla barn och ungdomar i Sverige har någon gång under sin uppväxt varit medlemmar i en idrottsförening. För de flesta barn innebär föreningsidrotten en positiv miljö där alla barn och ungdomar ska få möjlighet att vara med och delta på lika villkor – tills de plötsligt inte får det längre. Leken förvandlas till allvar och idrotten handlar nu i allt större omfattning om selektion, talangidentifikation och uttagningar. Genom att bli antagen till ett idrottsgymnasium har man goda möjligheter att kombinera sina studier med idrotten, vilket är en viktig grund i den svenska idrottsmodellen. Idrottsutbildningen har aldrig varit så varierad som idag, och det är vanligt att tänka att de idrottare som blivit antagna till idrottsgymnasium automatiskt kommer gå hela vägen. Trots det finns det idrottande ungdomar som väljer att avsluta sina karriärer efter tre år på ett idrottsgymnasium. Syftet med studien var att skapa en större förståelse kring avhopp bland unga talanger inom svensk handboll, som under tre års tid gått på ett handbollsgymnasium. Vidare undersöktes hur spelarna upplevde både tiden på handbollsgymnasiet och den egna avslutsprocessen, och vad handbollsföreningar och handbollsgymnasier kan jobba med för att få fler handbollsspelare att stanna kvar inom idrotten. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med åtta stycken före detta handbollsspelare i åldrarna 18-23. En semistrukturerad intervjuguide konstruerades och samtliga intervjuer spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades. Huvudresultaten i studien visar att avhopp sällan beror på endast en orsak, och att största delen av avhoppen berodde på avsaknaden av ett socialt stöd, brist på motivation, tränarna, prestationsångest eller en kombination av flera faktorer. Spelarnas avslutsprocesser analyserades med hjälp av Ebaughs teori om avslut. Vidare diskuterades idrottsmiljöns betydelse för unga handbollsspelare och att ett socialt stöd bör finnas till hands för spelarna på handbollsgymnasierna i en större omfattning. Även en god kommunikation mellan handbollsgymnasiet och klubblaget ansågs vara av stor betydelse för spelarna.Most elite sports careers have their start in sport clubs, and approximately 90 percent of all kids and adolescences in Sweden have, during their childhood, been members in a sport club. For most kids, the sport clubs imply a positive environment where all children should have an opportunity to participate on equal terms – until they suddenly don’t anymore. The play turns to seriousness and is now more and more becoming a matter of selection and talent identification. By being selected to a sport school the athletes have a good chance of combining the studies with their sports, which is an important motive in the Swedish sports model. The sports education has never been as varied as it is today, and it’s common to think that the athletes who have been selected to a sport school automatically will reach the top. Despite this, there are athletic adolescences who choose to quit their career after three years in a sport school. The purpose of this study was to investigate why young, talented handball players quit their career after three years in a sport school. Furthermore, it is investigated how the players experienced both their time at the sport school and their own disengagement process, and what handball associations should work with in order to get more young, talented handball players to stay in the sports. Qualitative interviews were conducted with eight former talented handball players in the ages 18-22, all of whom went to a sport school for three years. A semi-structured interview guide was constructed and all of the interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed. The main findings of the study show that drop-outs rarely depends on one single factor, and that most of the drop-outs for the adolescences’ in this study happened due to lack of social support, amotivation, the coaches, performance anxiety or a mix of multiple factors. The players drop-out process was analyzed with Ebaughs’ disengagement process. Furthermore, the impact of the sports environment for young, talented handball players and the importance of a social support for them is discussed and shows that these factors should be available for the players in sport schools to a greater extent. A good communication between the sport school and the players clubs was also considered important according to the former players.
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Vargová, Martina. "Prístup Ruskej federácie k procesu disengagementu vracajúcich sa zahraničných bojovníkov." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357459.
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Diploma thesis The Russian Approach to the Process of Disengagement of the Returning Foreign Fighters is dealing with the issue of terminating one's membership and participation on activities of the terrorist organizations abroad in the context of the Russian Federation. The aim of the thesis is to fill the gap in the research which has neglected the Russian approach. The thesis is working with the theoretical knowledge of the current research on disengagement and transfers it to the state level. The approach of the Russian Federation to the process of disengagement is analysed within the categories of hard and soft measures which are being implemented by the Russian Federation in connection with the disengagement of the foreign fighters returning from Syria and Iraq mainly to the North Caucasian region. Based on the balance between hard and soft measures, the complexity of the Russian approach is being assessed. The approach of the Russian Federation to the process of disengagement of the foreign fighters is varied on the federal and within the regional level as well. The federal level approach is strictly based on hard measures and involuntary disengagement of the returning foreign fighters. The regional level in cases of Chechnya, North Ossetia, Stavropol region and Karachay-Cherkessia is...
Books on the topic "Disengagement process"
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Sofer, Arnon. Israel demography, 2004-2020, in light of the process of disengagement. Haifa: Reuven Chaikin Chair in Geostrategy, University of Haifa, 2005.
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Susser, Asher. In through the out door: Jordan's disengagement and the Middle East peace process. Washington, D.C: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1990.
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Asia, United States Congress House Committee on International Relations Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central. The Middle East peace process and U.S. strategic priorities post-disengagement: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, September 21, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.
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The Mideast peace process: An autopsy ; from Oslo to disengagement. New York, NY: Encounter Books, 2006.
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The Middle East Peace Process and U.S. Strategic Priorities Post-Disengagement: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia of. Not Avail, 2006.
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Egreteau, Renaud. Military Guardianship and the Search for a Pacted Transition. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190620967.003.0002.
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The chapter argues that the main policy actor at the core of the transitional process remains Myanmar’s secretive military institution. It was the armed forces and its uncontested leadership that let the “opening” outstretch soon after the 2010 elections, by officially disbanding the “junta” and morphing into a hybrid “transit regime”. In a sense, the Tatmadaw stood, as in 1960 and 1974, as a “caretaker” of the transition. Yet, even if the partial disengagement of the armed forces from politics observed after 2011 had carefully been planned by the military leadership, an institutional and political “elite pact” was needed regardless, and sought after by several key elite groups, to pursue the initial procedural transition.
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Knabem, Andréa, Cláudia Sampaio Corrêa da Silva, and Marucia Patta Bardagi. Orientação, desenvolvimento e aconselhamento de carreira para estudantes universitários no Brasil. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-313-8.
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Career Development is a lifelong process of self-exploration and awareness, continual acquisition of knowledge about the ever-changing world of work, and decision-making. During undergraduation, students face several challenges and can sometimes feel insecure about their career choices, their future as workers, their skills, and therefore be at risk of dropout, disengagement or psychological suffering. Higher Education institutions and career counselors have to be well informed and prepared to provide career interventions that help students in this training and transition period. Orientação, desenvolvimento e aconselhamento de carreira para estudantes universitários no Brasil is a book designed to help teachers, counselors and researchers to better understand students' Career Development and needs during Higher Education. Also, it provides different approaches to intervention (individual, group, curricular, extracurricular) that can inspire professionals and institutions to improve their services in order to maximize students sucess and well-being.The authors are professors and practitioners from different Brazilian and Portuguese Higher Education Institutions, providing diverse and contextualized perspectives of Career Development and counseling. Part 1 of the book discusses some conceptual aspects and describes some empirical studies on Career Development in Higher Education. In Part 2, different experiences of intervention in Career Guidance with university students from private and public institutions in Brazil are presented. It is hoped that this book can foster interest in the topic and inspire the creation of new practices to support students in the university context.
Book chapters on the topic "Disengagement process"
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Kruglanski, Arie W., David Webber, and Daniel Koehler. "Hardships of Extremism." In The Radical's Journey, 157–92. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851095.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 reports on circumstances and reasons that our interviewees disengaged from the right-wing movement. The chapter begins by combining our 3N approach with a commonly cited “push–pull” framework to understand the mechanisms through which disengagement may typically occur. Analyses revealed that it was unlikely for a singular event to cause disengagement; rather, circumstances pertinent to several radicalization factors (the three Ns) were likely to be present. Diverging from other accounts of disengagement, the most frequently cited reason for leaving pertained to disillusionment with the ideological narrative advanced within the right wing. Throughout, the authors highlight the commonalities of their findings with those of past research, revealing the universal process of radicalization and deradicalization that underlies seemingly disparate special cases. The chapter also discusses the components of disengagement from extremism that appear to be unique to the German context.
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Kruglanski, Arie W., David Webber, and Daniel Koehler. "Leaving the Movement and Life in the Aftermath." In The Radical's Journey, 193–221. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851095.003.0009.
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The first part of Chapter 9 continues the examination of how the interviewees ultimately decided to separate themselves from the extremist movement. The authors identify the most typical routes of leaving and analyze the role of social support and disengagement programs in navigating this process. The latter part of the chapter explores the lives of the interviewees after leaving the movement, an aspect of the extremists’ journey that until now received sparse research attention. Overall, the authors’ find that upon leaving, the experience of hardships is significantly reduced. But feelings of insignificance skyrocket as former extremists cope with the challenges of cutting ties with their previous social network, search for a new purpose in life, and experience self-condemnation in light of their prior actions as an extremist. Finally, the authors explore the extent to which participating in a systematic disengagement program mitigated the interviewees’ negative experiences.
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Lang, Luciana. "Making and enabling the commons: shared urban spaces and civic engagement in North Manchester." In Realising the City. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526100733.003.0006.
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This chapter explores three different interventions on public land in Cheetham Hill, an area of north Manchester which is characterised by cultural diversity, high rates of unemployment and often regarded as a place of community disengagement. Amid cuts to public services and austerity measures, the author argues that the ‘commons’ are made as people adjust to new scenarios brought about by historical disruptions, collapse of work opportunities, and breakdown of state support. ‘Commoning’ provides a space for productivity and in the process, people’s sense of belonging emerges as they envisage, realize and retrieve their right to the city.
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Bloom, Mia. "Leaving Terrorism Behind." In Small Arms, edited by John Horgan, 144–63. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9780801453885.003.0007.
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In several countries including Singapore, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, rehabilitation programs dedicated specifically to children seek to reduce the risk that children rescued from terrorist groups may re-enter those groups upon release from detention. The capture or rescue of child militants poses exceptional social and legal challenges, and some extraordinary efforts are underway to help children reintegrate into the communities from which they were recruited or coerced into involvement. The chapter explores the various push and pull factors that are at the heart of the disengagement process, and will explore these especially in light of the core psychological dynamics at play in the initial involvement pathways.
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Roy, Sara. "A Changing Islamist Order? From Civic Empowerment to Civic Regression—the Second Intifada and Beyond." In Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159676.003.0007.
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This chapter evaluates the political impact on the Islamist movement and its social institutions of the following: the second Intifada, Israel's 2005 “disengagement” from Gaza, Hamas' 2006 electoral victory, the subsequent international boycott of the Hamas-led government, and Hamas' June 2007 military takeover of Gaza. Particular consideration is given to how the role of social institutions changed after the second Intifada and after the 2006 elections. The chapter also shows how in the almost two decades since the Oslo process began, the quality of life in Palestine has declined markedly. The political, economic, and social possibilities of the past—both real and illusory—have since disappeared.
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Seth, Nainika. "Online Matrimonial Sites and the Transformation of Arranged Marriage in India." In Social Networking Communities and E-Dating Services, 329–52. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-104-9.ch019.
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Online personals have been a remarkably successful in the Western World and have been emulated in other cultural contexts. The introduction of the Internet can have vastly different implications on traditional societies and practices such as arranged marriages in India. This chapter seeks to investigate using an ethnographic approach the role of matrimonial Web sites in the process of arranging marriages in India. It seeks to explore how these Web sites have been appropriated by key stakeholders in arranging marriage and how such appropriation is changing the process and traditions associated with arranged marriage. The key contributions of this study are in that it is an investigation of complex social processes in a societal context different from traditional western research contexts and an exploration of how modern technologies confront societal traditions and long standing ways of doing things. Our investigation suggests that the use of matrimonial Web sites have implications for family disintermediation, cultural convergence, continuous information flows, ease of disengagement, virtual dating and reduced stigma in arranged marriages in India.
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Galliott, Jai. "Military Robotics and Emotion." In Handbook of Research on Synthesizing Human Emotion in Intelligent Systems and Robotics, 386–403. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7278-9.ch019.
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In this chapter the author considers the complex moral interplay between unmanned systems, emotion, and just war theory. The first section examines technologically mediated fighting and suggests that through a process of moral-emotional disengagement and emotional desensitisation, any pre-existing barriers to immoral conduct in war may be reduced. Having considered the impact on the long distance warrior's capacity or willingness to adhere to jus in bello norms, the author then examines the impact on the personal wellbeing of the operators themselves. Here, among other things, the author considers the impact of being simultaneously present in contrasting environments and argue that this, if nothing else, may lead to serious transgressions of just war principles. The fourth and final section asks whether we can eliminate or relieve some of these technologically mediated but distinctly human moral problems by further automating elements of the decision making process.
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Magnuson, Doug, Mikael Jansson, and Cecilia Benoit. "Identity." In The Experience of Emerging Adulthood Among Street-Involved Youth, 130–48. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190624934.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 describes how identity exploration and “enduring choices” are more difficult for street-involved youth, in part because they do not receive much help from familial and societal institutions. Identity exploration is in large part the experience of disengagement from street life and engagement with something else. This process is interpretable as a change in worldview, from a reactive need for independence and self-determination, away from “not being who I want to be,” and toward a greater focus or need for meaningfulness, security, and support that comes with interdependence with others. This process was the mirror image of what these youth experienced during their separation from parents and guardians, a time when individuating themselves from their family was important. Identity achievement is a challenge for all youth, and it is an acute problem for street-involved youth who are not situated in social and structural locations where adult identities are easily accessible.
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Stets, Jan E., and Kevin McCaffree. "The Moral Identity and Immoral Behavior." In Identities in Everyday Life, 137–66. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190873066.003.0008.
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We describe how people can claim to be moral individuals while simultaneously engaging in immoral behavior. We take as our starting point moral disengagement strategies in which people selectively disengage from their harmful behavior. People may equate their harmful actions with worthy goals; soften bad actions to make them sound better; ignore or deny bad consequences; or blame others for bad outcomes. We argue that these and other strategies are cognitive devices to manage identity non-verification (“I am a good person, but I am doing a bad thing”) and the negative feelings that ensue. We discuss how different strategies are used depending upon the identities that are activated, and how these strategies evolve from a deliberate process that becomes habitual over time. We also discuss how these strategies might be tempered so that individuals become aware of the bad consequences of their behavior and take steps to alleviate them.
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Ekéus, R. "How to proceed towards a Nordic nuclear weapon-free zone." In Nuclear Disengagement in Europe, 239–46. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003053538-21.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Disengagement process"
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Batzer, Stephen A., Alexander M. Gouskov, and Sergey A. Voronov. "Modeling the Vibratory Drilling Process." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8024.
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Abstract The dynamic behavior of deep-hole vibratory drilling is analyzed. The mathematical model presented allows the determination of axial tool and workpiece displacements and cutting forces for significant dynamic system behavior such as the entrance of the cutting tool into workpiece material and exit. Model parameters include the actual rigidity of the tool and workpiece, time-varying chip thickness, time lag for chip formation due to tool rotation and possible disengagement of drill cutting edges from the workpiece due to tool and/or workpiece axial vibrations. The main features of this model are its nonlinearity and inclusion of time lag differential equations which require numeric solutions. The specific cutting conditions (feed, tool rotational velocity, amplitude and frequency of forced vibrations) necessary to obtain discontinuous chips and reliable removal are determined. The stability conditions of excited vibrations are also investigated. Calculated bifurcation diagrams make it possible to derive the domain of system parameters along with the determination of optimal cutting conditions.
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Wu, Guangqiang, and Shuo Sun. "Simulation and Experiment Research on Shuffle and Clunk in Gear Shifting Process." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85178.
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The dynamics model of gear shifting process considering the state of clutch and synchronizers and the process of engagement and disengagement is established to realize the continuous simulation of the entire shifting process. The pitching dynamics module is introduced based on the coupled mechanism of torsional, longitudinal and vertical vibration of the system. The simulation reproduces the dynamic responses and states of eight analyzed phases in the whole process. The model is verified from the comparison between simulation and experimental results of four working conditions. Based on the simulation analysis of time-domain and time-frequency domain, the characteristics of shuffle and clunk phenomena are investigated and compared between four working conditions. The key influencing factors of the jerk degree and shuffle intensity are obtained through theoretical analysis, and the verification is made through the simulation comparison of the assessing metrics. The real vehicle test is also carried out focused on shuffle phenomenon. The differences of characteristic frequencies and intensities of shuffle phenomenon in different gear shifting conditions are compared and analyzed.
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Liu, Jikai, Biao Ma, Heyan Li, Man Chen, and Jianwen Chen. "Downshifting Control Strategy for Dual Clutch Transmission With Single Clutch Slippage." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9793.
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The cooperation mode between the engagement and disengagement clutches for vehicles equipped with Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) is of vital importance to achieve a smooth gearshift, in particular for the downshift process as its unavoidable power interruption during the inertia phase. Hence, to elevate the performance of DCT downshifting process, an analytical model and experimental validation for the analysis, simulation and control strategy are presented. Optimized pressure profiles applied on two clutches are obtained based on the detailed analysis of downshifting process. Then, according to the analysis results, a novel control strategy that can achieve downshift task with only one clutch slippage is proposed. The system model is established on Matlab/Simulink platform and used to study the variation of output torque and speed in response to different charging pressure profiles and various external loads during downshifting process. Simulation results show that, compared with conventional control strategies, the proposed one can not only avoid the torque hole and power circulation, but shorten the shift time and reduce the friction work. Furthermore, to validate the effectiveness of the control strategy, the bench test equipped with DCT is conducted and the experiment results show a good agreement with the simulation results.
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Sadek, A., A. O. Nassef, M. Meshreki, and M. H. Attia. "Experimental Characterization and Multi-Objective Optimization of the Orbital Drilling Process of CFRP." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65311.
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Defects associated with drilling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) are of major economic and safety concerns for aerospace manufacturers. One of the most critical defects associated with drilling of CFRP laminates is delamination of layers which can be avoided by keeping the drilling forces below some threshold levels. Orbital Drilling (OD) is an emerging drilling process that exhibits lower cutting forces and temperatures, easier chip removal, higher produced surface quality, longer tool life, and a high possibility for dry machining. The OD process is featured by cyclic engagement and disengagement between the tool and the workpiece whereby a considerable part of the work done by the tool is directed towards the tangential direction while the work done in the axial direction is reduced. This reduces the risk of delamination at the exit. The objective of this research work is to investigate the effect of the OD process key parameters with respect to the produced hole attributes (surface roughness, delamination, and hole accuracy), as well as the cutting forces and temperatures. All the OD tests were performed under dry conditions using a four-flute 6.35 mm end-mill. The cutting forces were recorded using a 3-component dynamometer Kistler 9255B and cutting temperatures were measured using a FLIR ThermoVision A20M Infrared camera at the holes exit. A full factorial design of the experiment was used whereby the feeds varied from 60 to 360 mm/min and the speeds from 6,000 to 16,000 rpm. The test material used was a quasi-isotropic laminate comprising woven graphite epoxy prepreg. Analysis of the results showed 45% reduction in the axial force component in orbital drilling (OD), compared to conventional drilling. None of the holes produced by the entire set of experiments has experienced any entry or exit delamination. ANOVA was used to identify the significance of the controllable variables on the experimental outputs. To overcome the challenge of optimizing the competing parameters of the hole quality attributes while maximizing the productivity, an algorithm was applied by hybridizing Kriging as a meta-modeling technique with evolutionary multi-objective optimization to optimize the cutting parameters.
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Kim, Mahn Shik, and Glen E. Johnson. "A General Multi-Body Dynamic Model to Predict the Behavior of Roller Chain Drives at Moderate and High Speeds." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0313.
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Abstract An advanced model in which most important factors of the roller chain drive are considered is developed. Most importantly, for the first time the series of elastic collisions and rebounds that occur as the chain links engage the sprocket is modeled here. Equations of motion are derived in a form very efficient for numerical solution by applying Kane’s method. The equations of motion are programmed and used to simulate responses of dynamic roller chain drives. The dynamic behavior of roller chain drives at moderate and high speeds is studied. Comprehensive observations about the engagement process are presented and discussed. The influence of impact due to collision is investigated. The effects of the center distance and the operation speed on the dynamic behavior of the roller chain are studied, with special attention to the trajectory of the roller chain, the phase between disengagement and engagement, and the transverse vibration.
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Fuksman, Igor, and Steven Sirica. "Modeling of a Turbofan Engine Start Using a High Fidelity Aero-Thermodynamic Simulation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-70141.
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Simulating the thermodynamics of a multi-spool turbofan engine during engine start can present challenges to the conventional high fidelity aero-thermodynamic simulation. The conventional high fidelity aero-thermodynamic simulation uses an iterative solver technique to preserve flow continuity and conservation of energy based on component maps and subsystem characteristics. Traditionally, operation of such simulations have been limited to regions from self-sustaining idle to maximum power, where component and subsystem representation has been well defined and engine operating pressures are sufficient to ensure one-directional flow. However, simulating transient operation which initiates from engine “off” condition followed by starter engagement and fuel introduction, presents a new set of challenges. These include the modeling of the engine “off” state itself, as well as two aspects of the starting process particular to a multi-spool turbofan: the modeling of the flow passing through the entire core stream even though only the high pressure shaft is rotating, and the modeling of the flow split into the bypass stream when the fan is not rotating. This paper discusses the modeling techniques that have been developed to overcome these challenges in order to ensure the smooth operation starting with engine off and continuing through the regions of starter engagement, fuel addition, and starter disengagement leading to normal engine operating regime.
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Chandiramani, N. K., and T. Pothala. "Application of a Shooting Method to Regenerative Chatter During Turning." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2578.
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A two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) model comprising nonlinear delay differential equations (DDEs) is analyzed for self-excited oscillations during orthogonal turning. The model includes multiple time delays, possibility of tool leaving cut, additional process damping (due to flank interference), ploughing force, and shear-angle/friction-angle variation. An algorithm, based on an existing shooting method for DDEs, is developed to simulate tool dynamics and seek periodic solutions. The multiple-regenerative and tool-leaving-cut effects are simulated via an equivalent 1-DOF system by introducing a time shift. While the limit cycle amplitude and minimum-period obtained via shooting and via direct numerical integration compare well, the latter method converges very slowly, thus establishing the efficiency of the former. Numerical studies involving the machining parameters are presented. Only period-1 motion was observed for the range of cutting parameters considered here. Features of a subcritical Hopf bifurcation appear in the amplitude versus width-of-cut plane. This implies the possibility of subcritical instability characterized by sudden onset of finite-amplitude chatter. Additional process damping causes a reduction in chatter amplitudes as well as the subcritical instability to occur at a larger width of cut. An increase in width of cut causes frequent tool-leaving-cut events and increased chatter amplitudes. The frequency of tool disengagement increases with cutting velocity, despite cutting force in the shank direction remaining constant over a certain velocity range. The chatter amplitude at first increases and then decreases when the cutting velocity or the uncut chip thickness is increased. The present plant model and dynamics could be useful for real time active control of tool chatter.
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Besagni, Giorgio, Gaël Guédon, and Fabio Inzoli. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Counter-Current Flow in a Vertical Pipe." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20122.
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Counter current flow is encountered in a wide variety of industrial applications ranging from flows in nuclear reactors to process flows in chemical reactors. This paper describes experimental and numerical results obtained in a circular column of 240 mm inner diameter with two inner pipes. The counter current flow studied concerns an upward flow of air and a downward flow of water at ambient temperature and pressure. The following range of operating conditions is analyzed: superficial air velocities up to 0.25 m/s and superficial water velocities up to 0.04 m/s, corresponding to global void fractions up to 27.7%. The experimental investigations concerns (i) flow visualization, (ii) local data from a double optical probe and (iii) global void fraction data. Images obtained from an optical camera are used to observe the general flow pattern and to support the boundary conditions of the numerical simulations, in terms of average bubble diameter. Data obtained from the double optical probe are used to study local flow characteristics. The gas disengagement technique is used to obtain the global void fraction over a range of superficial air velocities for the validation of the numerical method. Numerical calculations are performed with an Eulerian two-fluid model using the commercial code ANSYS Fluent Release 14.5.7 and results are compared with experimental data. The effects of bubble diameter and various interfacial drag coefficients are studied. The formulation of the drag coefficient is found to have significant effects on the global void fraction predictions. However, using merely the drag law, numerical results are inaccurate.
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Nordin, M. Helmi, Ajmal Faliq Jamal, M. Helmie Hairi, and Sunanda Magna Bela. "One Trip 7" Multi Zone Gravel Pack System: Success Case and Learning Points from the First Installation in Malaysia." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21782-ms.
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Abstract Main reservoirs in this brown field are designed with Cased Hole Gravel Pack (CHGP), which is a proven sand control technique in the area. Most multi-stack reservoirs in these wells require individual sand control treatment on each zone as the formation properties varies from one to another. One of the most recent success case was the installation of One Trip 7" Multi Zone System that enabled implementation of an optimized High Rate Water Pack sand control operation in the casing size. This new technique helps to make more multi zone CHGP in infill or sidetracked wells feasible and more economical. Previously, CHGP design in 7" casing was limited to stack pack design which means the steps of sump packer installation, perforation, deburr run, GP assembly installation and GP pumping have to be repeated for every zone. The repeated process was laborious and incurred a lot of cost due to the extensive rig time. With the new 7" one-trip design that evolved from the existing 9-5/8" system, the multiple zone GP treatment can be done in single trip and contributes to significantly reduced well cost. One of the design consideration that need to be focused on is selection of carrier fluid to ensure optimum carrying capability during proppant placement while reducing the pumping friction through the one trip system. Full coverage of screens and blanks was achieved for both zones that were completed with the One Trip 7" Multi Zone completion. Both zones were treated with hybrid pack that is combination of circulating and HRWP. The primary objectives on optimizing rig time were achieved in eliminating multiple runs for different zones, as well as reducing risks of multiple disengagement with lower assembly that adds difficulty during reverse-out operation. One of the key limitations of this system is the high friction pressure when pumping through long concentric wash pipes and this can affect the effectiveness during proppant reverse out, especially considering the burst rating of the casing as well. Due to this known restriction, cement have been designed and tested up to the anticipated annular pressure during reversing out operation. Another design factor that could also pose a challenge during operation is the limit of sand concentration that is 1 ppa and this again is due to concentric wash pipe design.