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Journal articles on the topic 'Disease;Definition of disease;Explication of Disease'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Stepanova, Elena S. "Linguocognitive Specifics of the Disease Myth." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 12, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-1-153-164.

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The article deals with the question of cancer myth representation in the popular science medical discourse. This study is carried out according to the linguocultural approach to the study of the cancer myth, which is based on the reconsideration of linguocultural phenomena. Myths about diseases are of linguistic and cultural significance and they are passed down from generation to generation. Those of phenomena that are incomprehensible and frightening are considered to cause additional associations. Cancer diseases refer to such linguocultural phenomena. Myths about diseases reflect the results of this or that form of reconsideration or experience of some phenomena by a particular linguocultural society. The work provides the definitions of the notions myth and disease. The methodology of the study is based on the research by foreign and Russian scientists in the field of study of the notions of myth and disease as semiotic systems. The popular science medical survey The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer by Siddhartha Mukherjee served as a research background. It analyses the way the disease myth actualizes in the popular science medical discourse. It shows a mythological plot (or mythological information) to get actualized in a particular situation by means of reference, and the way it contributes to the explication of a particular disease myth. Neither the subject of the message nor the plot of the myth is of importance for the reader, only the influence of the myth on the patients representations of disorder and his emotional state and on the society as a whole makes sense. The study helps conclude that mythological information representing the disease myth is nationally and socially marked, and is characterized by a particular conceptual presentation and is expressed by different linguistic means.

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2

Conley, Terri D., and Jennifer L. Piemonte. "Monogamy as Public Policy for STD Prevention: In Theory and in Practice." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7, no. 2 (October 2020): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732220943228.

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Monogamy is current public policy for preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). To evaluate whether monogamy is serving its intended purposes, the Centers for Disease Control’s (CDC’s) definition of monogamy is considered. This definition does not convey to the public the fact that monogamy must be practiced very strictly to be effective and implies that serial monogamy is a safe practice. Benefits and drawbacks of employing (different versions of) monogamy to reduce STD transmission are considered. Although certain forms of monogamy are efficacious in reducing STDs, these versions of monogamy have not been adopted by the public and widely practiced forms of monogamy are not effective in practice. Finally, this review considers whether the public policy of monogamy helps society achieve its sexual health goals, explicating strengths and weaknesses of monogamy advice versus other tactics that might be utilized to curb STDs.

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3

Williams, Hywel. "Disease definition and measures of disease frequency." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 45, no. 1 (July 2001): S33—S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2001.117019.

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4

Vedantham, Suresh. "Definition of postthrombotic disease." Journal of Vascular Surgery 52, no. 5 (November 2010): 58S—62S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.05.128.

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5

Anderson, J. M., and B. M. Hubbard. "DEFINITION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE." Lancet 325, no. 8425 (February 1985): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91434-5.

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6

Di Rocco, Maja, Generoso Andria, Bruno Bembi, Francesca Carubbi, Fiorina Giona, Gaetano Giuffrida, Silvia Linari, Michelina Sibilio, Vincenzo Spina, and Maria Domenica Cappellini. "Minimal disease activity in Gaucher disease: Criteria for definition." Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 107, no. 3 (November 2012): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.08.009.

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7

Matthews, Prof., Bryan. "Definition of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease." Neuroepidemiology 7, no. 2 (1988): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000110136.

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8

Calne, Donald. "A definition of Parkinson's disease." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 11 (June 2005): S39—S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.01.008.

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9

Jennings, Charles D. "Definition of occupational hand disease." Journal of Hand Surgery 20, no. 6 (November 1995): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-5023(05)80161-3.

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10

Gluckman, P. D. "Evolving a definition of disease." Archives of Disease in Childhood 92, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1053–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2007.126318.

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11

Storr, Helen L., and Martin O. Savage. "MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Paediatric Cushing's disease." European Journal of Endocrinology 173, no. 1 (July 2015): R35—R45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-15-0013.

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Cushing's disease (CD) is the commonest form of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome and is a rare clinical diagnosis in paediatric and adolescent patients. CD is caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary corticotroph adenoma and is associated with significant morbidity in children; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are critical for optimal therapeutic outcome. This review highlights the key clinical and biochemical features of paediatric CD and appraises current practices in diagnosis and management. A close liaison with adult endocrinology colleagues, particularly, for interpretation of investigations and definition of therapeutic strategy is strongly advised.

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12

Erkus, Edip, Mehmet Zahid Kocak, Gulali Aktas, and Haluk Savli. "CELIAC DISEASE;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 08 (August 8, 2017): 1253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.08.1009.

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Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder based on immune response togluten in genetically predisposed subjects. Five subtypes of CD has been described; classicaldisease, atypical disease, silent disease, latent disease, potential disease. Literature consistsat least five different definition of latent CD. We aimed to present a unique latent CD case inan elderly woman, who referred with anemia, hypoalbuminemia and vitamin D deficiency. Sheresponded well to initiation of gluten free diet.

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13

Joseph, JT. "Is Alzheimer Disease a Disease?" Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 46, s2 (September 2019): S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2019.256.

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Problem:Alzheimer disease (AD) is defined as “an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills” (National Institute on Aging) and is pathologically characterized by abnormal deposition of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. However, these abnormal protein aggregates also accumulate with aging, which complicates the distinction between aging and AD.Results:This presentation will discuss the concepts of disease and then compare and contrast these with the definition of Alzheimer disease. It briefly discusses causality and examines how associations have to be conflated with causality in the pathological diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases. It also indicates some inherent biases that pathologists have in identifying disease and the pathological changes resulting from diseases. The presentation will present examples from the Calgary Brain Bank of patients without known neurodegenerative disease who die at different ages, as well as different pathological presentations of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Several known causes of AD will be reviewed and contrasted with what is commonly considered “normal aging”.Discussion:This presentation argues that Alzheimer disease pathology represents a final common pattern of changes that results from several or possibly many different aetiologies. Recognizing that these changes have several different causes might better guide future research into late onset dementias.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:1.Consider observational biases used in the diagnoses of different dementias2.Distinguish several aetiologies of Alzheimer-type Neuropathology3.Contemplate how neuropathology has done a disservice in dementia research by focusing on accumulations of abnormal proteins

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14

Jagust, William J. "The changing definition of Alzheimer's disease." Lancet Neurology 20, no. 6 (June 2021): 414–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00077-6.

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15

Capitán del Río, I., and JM Capitán Vallvey. "Diverticular disease: definition, classification and etiopathogenesis." Cirugía Andaluza 32, no. 4 (November 8, 2021): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37351/2021324.2.

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Resumen La Enfermedad Diverticular del colon es una entidad en progresivo incremento y que abarca diversas situaciones clínicas, desde la ausencia completa de síntomas hasta la existencia de complicaciones, como la diverticulitis, la hemorragia o la perforación. Su incidencia presenta importantes variaciones demográficas, con mayor prevalencia en poblaciones occidentales. Se han sugerido diversos factores etiológicos, tales como la dieta pobre en fibra, la edad avanzada, el consumo de tabaco y alcohol, la diabetes mellitus, la actividad física, la obesidad y determinados medicamentos. Cada día cobran más trascendencia otros factores, como la estructura de la pared colónica, la motilidad del colon y la predisposición genética. Se han desarrollado múltiples sistemas de clasificación en las últimas décadas, aunque probablemente ninguno de ellos sea definitivo.

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16

Dutka, Roman. "EVALUATION OF DEFINITION ” HEALTH” AND ”DISEASE”." Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society Medical sciences 49, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25040/ntsh2017.01.08.

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17

Salas, Luis Alejandro. "Galen on the Definition of Disease." American Journal of Philology 141, no. 4 (2020): 603–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2020.0031.

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18

Coutinho, Paula. "Machado-Joseph disease: essay of definition." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 53, no. 3a (September 1995): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1995000300031.

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19

Salam, Ranabir. "Expanding the definition of noncommunicable disease." Journal of Social Health and Diabetes 04, no. 02 (December 2016): 067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-0656.187990.

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AbstractNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for 68% of all deaths in 2012. Eighty-two percent of these “premature” deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Most of the NCD deaths are caused by cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, mental health, road traffic accidents, and violence. The World Health Organization, several governments, and nongovernmental organizations have taken up numerous programs to curb the menace of NCDs. However, the present programs do not include some common chronic medical conditions which also lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. The present review highlights three important chronic disorders: chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver disease (cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver), and thyroid diseases. CKD is an internationally recognized public health problem affecting 5–10% of the world population. CKD resulted in 956,000 deaths in 2013 and proposes them to be included in the world wide accepted definition of NCD. Cirrhosis and chronic liver disease were the tenth leading cause of death for men and the twelfth for women in the United States in 2001. Moreover, 4–10% of the global population have thyroid dysfunction. This mini-review proposes to expand the definition of NCD to include these three major illnesses.

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20

Duvoisin, R. C., and L. I. Golbe. "Toward a definition of Parkinson's disease." Neurology 39, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.39.5.746.

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21

MacGREGOR, C. M. "Navicular disease - in search of definition." Equine Veterinary Journal 21, no. 6 (November 1989): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb02179.x.

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22

Ball, M. J., V. Hachinski, A. Fox, A. J. Kirshen, M. Fisman, W. Blume, V. A. Kral, H. Fox, and H. Merskey. "A new definition of Alzheimerʼs disease." Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 1, no. 1 (1987): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002093-198701000-00037.

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23

Beasley, N. J. P., and N. S. Jones. "Menière's disease: evolution of a definition." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 12 (December 1996): 1107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510013590x.

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AbstractIn 1861 Prosper Menière separated patients with episodic vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus from a group previously described as having apoplectiform cerebral congestion. He suggested the cause was disease within the semicircular canals (Menière, 1861). Over the years it becoame apparent that within this group there were a number of patients with characteristic signs and symptoms and in 1938 a pathological correlate was found in the form of endolympatic hydrops. Descriptions scuh as Menière's ‘Menière's ‘disease’, Menière's ‘syndrome’ and Menière' ‘symptom complex’ led to a confusing array of terms for this condition and monotoring of treatment results became difficult. In response to this in 1972 the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Otolaryngoly Committee on Hearing and Equillibrium published a clear definition of Menière's disease and criteria for the reporting of treatment results, it was updated in 1985 and again in 1995. We described the changes that have taken place as the definition of Menière's disease has evolved.

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24

Marais, B. J. "On the definition of relevant disease." Archives of Disease in Childhood 89, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2003.042754.

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25

McPherson, Mary Lynn. "Alzheimer's disease: Definition and therapy options." Journal of Home Health Care Practice 3, no. 4 (November 1991): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108482239100300403.

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26

Shermak, Jeremy. "Obesity as Disease: Definition by Desperation." Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 4, no. 2 (2014): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nib.2014.0049.

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27

Moynihan, R. "A new deal on disease definition." BMJ 342, may03 1 (May 3, 2011): d2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d2548.

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28

Schiffmann, Raphael, Jeff Sevigny, Arndt Rolfs, Elin Haf Davies, Ozlem Goker‐Alpan, Magy Abdelwahab, Ashok Vellodi, et al. "The definition of neuronopathic Gaucher disease." Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 43, no. 5 (April 3, 2020): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jimd.12235.

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29

Benzi, Margherita. "Defining Metabolic Syndrome: Which Kind of Causality, if any, is Required?" Disputatio 9, no. 47 (December 1, 2017): 553–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/disp-2017-0018.

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Abstract The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been, and still is, extremely controversial. My purpose is not to give a solution to the associated debate but to argue that the controversy is at least partially due to the different ‘causal content’ of the various definitions: their theoretical validity and practical utility can be evaluated by reconstructing or making explicit the underlying causal structure. I will therefore propose to distinguish the alternative definitions according to the kinds of causal content they carry: (1) definitions grounded on associations, (2) definitions presupposing a causal model built upon statistical associations, and (3) definitions grounded on underlying mechanisms. I suggest that analysing definitions according to their causal content can be helpful in evaluating alternative definitions of some diseases. I want to show how the controversy over MetS suggests a distinction among three kinds of definitions based on how explicitly they characterise the syndrome in causal terms, and on the type of causality involved. I will call ‘type 1 definitions’ those definitions that are purely associative; ‘type 2 definitions’ the definitions based on statistical associations, plus generic medical and causal knowledge; and ‘type 3 definitions’ the definitions based on (hypotheses about) mechanisms. These kinds of definitions, although different, can be related to each other. A definition with more specific causal content may be useful in the evaluation of definitions characterised by a lower degree of causal specificity. Moreover, the identification of the type of causality involved is of help to constitute a good criterion for choosing among different definitions of a pathological entity. In section (1) I introduce the controversy about MetS, in section (2) I propose some remarks about medical definitions and their ‘causal import’, and in section (3) I suggest that the different attitudes towards the definition of MetS are relevant to evaluate their explicative power.

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30

Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent, Edward V. Loftus, Jean-Frederic Colombel, and William J. Sandborn. "Early Crohn disease: a proposed definition for use in disease-modification trials." Gut 59, no. 2 (February 2010): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2009.187120.

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31

Picco, M. F. "Early Crohn disease: a proposed definition for use in disease-modification trials." Yearbook of Gastroenterology 2010 (January 2010): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0739-5930(10)79471-x.

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32

Mpofu, Bhekimpilo, and Musawenkosi Khanyile. "Transitional trajectories of academic progress for low-status students at a University in South Africa." Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 10, no. 1 (November 27, 2019): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-05-2019-0066.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of university undergraduate students who originate from disadvantaged South African schools. The perceptions probed are those that relate to their material circumstances, learning and teaching environment and academic progress. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on a theoretical framework that underscores the primacy of the environment blended with transition theory to explain environmental influences on disadvantaged students’ academic progression at university. Data were gathered through detailed face-to-face interviews with eight participants and from the open-ended section of a questionnaire administered to 41 students from which the 8 students were drawn. Findings The findings demonstrate that disadvantaged students require both physical and socio-psychological support in order to succeed at university. Research limitations/implications A university in South Africa and the students from low quintile schools provide the case study for the explication of the findings of this study. Ethical issues such as seeking the informed consent of the participants to access their academic records weighed against the potency or robustness of the results of this study, because few of the participants allowed this researcher to access their results. Thus, this study focussed on potentially sensitive areas such as the academic records of students and poverty. As such it was extremely difficult to persuade disadvantaged students to participate in this study. Practical implications The study is thus useful for the school system, families and higher education institutions in the quest to provide the much-needed socio-psychological or “empathetic infrastructure” that acts as the cytoplasm for disadvantaged students’ academic progress at university. Social implications By invoking the primacy of the environment under the rubrics of epigenetics, this study also sought to contribute to the debate around the human genome – a grand ambitious global scientific project launched in the late 1980s to generate a catalogue of all the genes present in humans. However, this was a smokescreen because there are simply not enough genes to account for the complexity of the human life or human disease. By invoking the theory of transition, this study sought to fathom how to promote a favourable teaching and learning environment for poor students at university in a holistic manner. Originality/value This study utilised an empirically supported definition of disadvantage: that of students coming from no fee schools, as classified by the Department of Education based on Household Expenditure statistics of 2002 using the quintile system. The quintile system is based on average measures of income, unemployment rates and educational levels. To date, there is no published research utilising the school quintile system to define disadvantaged students in higher education in South Africa. This paper, which investigates such a sample from a university, is therefore ground-breaking and novel.

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33

Varga, Somogy. "Epistemic Authority, Philosophical Explication, and the Bio-Statistical Theory of Disease." Erkenntnis 85, no. 4 (August 29, 2018): 937–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-018-0058-9.

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34

Calne, Donald B., and Joanna S. Calne. "Normality and Disease." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 15, no. 1 (February 1988): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100027074.

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ABSTRACT:There have been trends to equate normal with an ideal state of health, and disease with disturbances that are determined solely by subclinical abnormalities. While in any living language there is a conflict between established definition and the need for change, modification in the use of words that are of such central importance to medical writing requires cogent justification that has not been forthcoming in these instances. To avoid further obscuration of the literature, the term normal should be limited to its traditional connotation of average, and the term disease should be reserved for disturbances of health that are clinically manifest.

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35

Tsimmerman, Ya S. "Wilson’s disease - hepatocerebral dystrophy." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 95, no. 4 (June 6, 2017): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2017-95-4-310-315.

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The review is focused on definition of Wilson’s disease, terminology, prevalence, etiology and pathogenesis including hereditary predisposition, and polymorphism of clinical forms (liver, brain, kidneys, eyes, etc.). The author proposes a clinical classification of Wilson’s disease, describes methods for its comprehensive clinical, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, pathogenetic and adjuvant treatment.

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36

Arruda, Walter Oleschko. "Epilepsy is a disease!" Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 52, no. 4 (December 1994): 596–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1994000400025.

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According to the definition of disease, epilepsy shall not be considered neither a symptom nor a syndrome. Epilepsy is a generic term for a group of diseases characterized by seizures. It implies a state quite distinct from health. Therefore it seems worthy to keep epilepsy as such in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).

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37

Engel, Peter A., Harry V. Vinters, and Margaret Grunnet. "Alzheimer's Disease or Plaque Disease? Two Cases at the Frontier of a Definition." Topics in geriatrics 5, no. 4 (October 1992): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002383099200500404.

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38

Son, Seong Wan, Do Seon Song, U. Im Chang, and Jin Mo Yang. "Definition of Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease." Life 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11040349.

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Sarcopenia, which is characterized by decline in muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, is common in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Several consensus definitions for community-dwelling elderly people have been proposed, and these recommend the use of various tools and tests to assess muscle properties and performance. These measurement tools have also been applied in patients with CLD and have been useful for predicting prognosis. However, sarcopenia and its diagnostic criteria specific to patients with CLD have not yet been clearly defined. In addition, fluid retention and body composition should be considered when sarcopenia is assessed in patients with CLD. This review aims to introduce definitions of sarcopenia and diagnostic tools used in patients with CLD.

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39

Yoon, Tae Hyun. "Definition, Pathology & Pathogenesis of Meniere’s Disease." Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 4, no. 1 (May 1993): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35420/jcohns.1993.4.1.1.

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40

Lee, Jeong Kyu. "Definition and treatment of lacrimal drainage disease." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 60, no. 9 (2017): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2017.60.9.727.

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Stricker, Raphael B., and Melissa C. Fesler. "Chronic Lyme Disease: A Working Case Definition." American Journal of Infectious Diseases 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajidsp.2018.1.44.

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42

Hyvarinen, M., M. Ruotsalainen, and M. Korppi. "Outcome after bronchiolitis depends on disease definition." Thorax 66, no. 3 (November 3, 2010): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2010.152488.

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43

Merskey, H. "Variable Meanings for the Definition of Disease." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 11, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/11.3.215.

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44

Rogers, Wendy A., and Mary Jean Walker. "The Line-drawing Problem in Disease Definition." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 42, no. 4 (April 21, 2017): 405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhx010.

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45

Chandrasoma, Parakrama T. "Histologic definition of gastro-esophageal reflux disease." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 29, no. 4 (July 2013): 460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mog.0b013e32836228fa.

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46

WONG, WAI-MAN, and BENJAMIN CHUN-YU WONG. "Definition and diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 19, s3 (September 2004): S26—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03588.x.

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47

Mildvan, D., and S. Solomon. "A clinical definition of HIV-associated disease." Annales de l'Institut Pasteur / Virologie 138, no. 1 (January 1987): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0769-2617(87)80083-7.

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48

Saikumar, Pothana, Zheng Dong, Valery Mikhailov, Michael Denton, Joel M. Weinberg, and Manjeri A. Venkatachalam. "Apoptosis: definition, mechanisms, and relevance to disease." American Journal of Medicine 107, no. 5 (November 1999): 489–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00259-4.

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49

Formica, Matteo, Marco Basso, Luca Cavagnaro, Carlo Formica, Andrea Zanirato, and Lamberto Felli. "Kümmell disease: illustrative case for definition criteria." Spine Journal 16, no. 10 (October 2016): e707-e708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2016.03.035.

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Targan, Stephan R. "New IBD Markers: Definition of Disease Heterogeneity." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 9, no. 6 (1995): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/940854.

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Abstract:

There is emerging evidence that serum and mucosal markers differentiate Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis; moreover, subgroups can be defined within each disease. Subgroups have been defined on the basis of genetic, serum and mucosal markers, and are associated with different clinical phenotypes. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) define subgroups of patients with both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. A new serum marker, 20P-1, has been found in 60 to 70% of patients with Crohn's disease, 20% of ulcerative colitis patients and approximately 10% of the normal control population. The 20P-1 marker further stratifies the subgroups of patients defined by ANCA. In addition to serum markers, genes regulating production of the cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α have been shown to be different across ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and within the ulcerative colitis group. Serum markers may reflect differential mucosal inflammatory responses as is best shown by ANCA. B cell clones within the mucosa of 60 to 70% of patients with ulcerative colitis produce ANCA spontaneously. Studies currently underway demonstrate different TNF- α production within the mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease compared with ulcerative colitis patients. Correlation studies with TNF-α microsatellites (genes) are being performed. These markers are the focus of a trial using molecularly engineered products that are capable of inhibiting TNF-α to identify patients likely to respond to anti-TNF therapy. In this constantly evolving climate of understanding and treating inflammatory bowel disease, serum, mucosal and genetic markers as well as genetic associations are being formed to determine clinical phenotypes that may be differentially responsive to very selected treatment modalities. These advances highlight the likelihood that the various markers define different types of mucosal inflammation. The different types of mucosal inflammation will determine the response or resistance to certain types of therapeutic options.

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