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1

Franco, Iborra Sandra. "Mitochondrial quality control in neurodegenerative diseases: focus on Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565668.

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Darrerament s’han produït avanços importants que han contribuït al coneixement dels mecanismes de disfunció cel·lular i mort en la malaltia de Parkinson (MP) i en la malaltia de Huntington (MH). Ambdues malalties són trastorns del moviment que es caracteritzen per la pèrdua específica de neurones dels ganglis basals, les neurones dopaminèrgiques de la substància nigra (SN), en el cas de la MP i les neurones espinoses de l’estriat, en el cas de la MH. Malgrat les diferències, ambdues comparteixen processos patològics comuns com la presència de proteïnes malplegades, l’estrés oxidatiu i disfunció mitocondrial. La mitocòndria és la font d’energia principal en les cèl·lules eucariotes, però també és un orgànul dinàmic relacionat amb una gran quantitat de processos cel·lulars. La disrupció de la homeòstasis mitocondrial i la subseqüent disfunció mitocondrial juguen un paper important en la patofisiologia de les malalties neurodegeneratives. El manteniment de la integritat mitocondrial a través de diferents mecanismes de control és crític per a la superviviència neuronal. Aquesta tesi es centra en l’estudi dels mecanismes de control de qualitat mitocondrial en la MP i la MH, per tal d’entendre millor els mecanismes que duen a la mort cel·lular. En el primer capítol, he estudiat el transport de proteïnes a la mitocòndria en models in vitro i in vivo de la MP. In vitro, la inhibició del complexe I produeix una alteració del transport de proteïnes a la mitocòndria així com una disminució dels nivells de proteïnes OXPHOS, acumulació de proteïnes agregades i disminució dels nivells de chaperones mitocondrials. Per tal de restablir el transport de proteïnes mitocondrials es van sobreexpressar dos components clau del sistema de translocases: la translocasa de la membrana externa 20 (TOM20) i la translocasa de la membrana interna 23 (TIM23). La sobreexpressió in vitro de TOM20 i TIM23 va restaurar el transport de proteïnes mitocondrials i va alleugerar la disfunció mitocondrial i la mort cel·lular. La inhibició del complexe I en ratolins també dóna lloc a una alteració del transport de proteïnes mitocondrials i produeix neurodegeneració del sistema dopaminèrgic. La sobreexpressió de TIM23 va restaurar parcialment el transport de proteïnes i va protegir lleugerament les neurones dopaminèrgiques de la SN. En canvi, la sobreexpressió de TOM20 va ser incapaç de millorar el transport de proteïnes mitocondrials i, fins i tot, va exacerbar la mort cel·lular. Aquests resultats posen de relleu el paper de la disfunció del transport de proteïnes mitocondrials, en particular de dos dels seus components, en la patogènesis de la MP i suggereixen la necessitat de futurs estudis es centrin en altres elements d’aquest sistema. En el segon capítol, he estudiat el paper de la proteïna huntingtina en la mitofàgia i com la seva mutació, que dóna lloc a una expansió de glutamines, pot afectar a aquesta funció. Per a tal fi, he treballat en un model in vitro de cèl·lules estriatals ST-Q7 (control) i ST-Q111 (mutant). En condicions fisiològiques, la mitofàgia induïda no es troba mitjançada pel reclutament de parkin als mitocondris despolaritzats. La huntingtina mutada afecta la mitofàgia induïda a través de l’alteració de la seva funció de scaffold en diferents passos del procés de mitofàgia: (i) activació d’ULK1 a través de l’alliberament de mTORC1, (ii) formació del complexe Beclin 1-Vps15,(iii) interacció dels adaptadors de mitofàgia OPTN i NDP52 amb huntingtina i, (iv) amb LC3. Com a resultat, els mitocondris de les cèl·lules ST-Q111 estan més danyats i tenen una respiració mitocondrial deficient. Aquests resultats demostren la presència d’una alteració en la mitofàgia com un mecanisme lligat a la MH. En conclusió, el descobriment de noves dianes mitocondrials en la MP i MH emfatitza el paper important que juga el control de qualitat mitocondrial en la neurodegeneració.
In the past years, several important advances have expanded our understanding of the pathways that lead to cell dysfunction and death in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). Both diseases are movement disorders characterized by the loss of a specific subset of neurons within the basal ganglia, dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), in the case of PD, and medium spiny neurons in the striatum, in the case of HD,. Despite distinct clinical and pathological features, these two neurodegenerative disorders share critical underlying pathogenic mechanisms such as the presence of misfolded and/or aggregated proteins, oxidative stress and mitochondrial anomalies. Mitochondria are the prime energy source in most eukaryotic cells, but these highly dynamic organelles are also involved in a multitude of cellular events. Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and the subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity through different surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal survival. In this thesis I have studied in depth some mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in the context of PD and HD, in order to broaden the knowledge about the pathomechanisms leading to cell death. In the first chapter I have studied mitochondrial protein import in in vitro and in vivo models of PD. In vitro, complex I inhibition, a characteristic pathological hallmark in PD, impaired mitochondrial protein import. This was associated with OXPHOS protein downregulation, accumulation of aggregated proteins inside mitochondria and downregulation of mitochondrial chaperones. Therefore, we aimed to reestablish the mitochondrial protein import by overexpressing two key components of the system: translocase of the outer membrane 20 (TOM20) and translocase of the inner membrane 23 (TIM23). Overexpression of TOM20 and TIM23 in vitro restored protein import into mitochondria and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Complex I inhibition also impaired mitochondrial protein import and led to dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vivo. Overexpression of TIM23 partially rescued protein import into mitochondria and slightly protected dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc. On the contrary, TOM20 overexpression did not rescue protein import into mitochondria and exacerbated neurodegeneration in both SNpc and striatum. These results highlight mitochondrial protein import dysfunction and the distinct role of two of their components in the pathogenesis of PD and suggest the need for future studies to target other elements in the system. In the second chapter, I have studied the role of huntingtin in mitophagy and how the polyglutamine expansion present in mutant huntingtin can affect its function. For such, I worked with differentiated striatal ST-Q7 (as control) and ST-Q111 (as mutant) cells, expressing full length huntingtin. In these conditions, induced mitophagy was not mediated by Parkin recruitment into depolarized mitochondria. Mutant huntingtin impaired induced mitophagy by altering wildtype huntingtin scaffolding activity at different steps of mitophagy process: (i) ULK1 activation through its release from the mTORC1, (ii) Beclin1-Vps15 complex formation, (iii) interaction of the mitophagy adapters OPTN and NDP52 with huntingtin and (iv) with LC3. As a result, mitochondria from ST-Q111 cells exhibited increased damage and altered mitochondrial respiration. These results uncover impaired mitophagy as a potential pathological mechanism linked with HD. In conclusion, we have discovered new mitochondrial targets for PD and HD emphasizing the important role that mitochondrial quality control plays in neurodegeneration
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2

Du, Toit Eben Francois. "Pinning control of disease networks." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56133.

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The modelling of contagion spread on contact networks provide valuable insights to epidemiologists and policymakers trying to control and eradicate diseases. This thesis proposes, implements and analyses a methodology for inserting disease contact networks of HIV into feedback control loops and applying open-loop pinning control to their nodes. Pinning control aims to medicate only a portion of an entire network in order to achieve the same outcomes that would be seen when all nodes are controlled. The control loops are simulated using networks ranging from size N = 100 nodes to N = 10000 nodes. Simulations aim to control the average maximum incidence in the networks by first estimating the reference average transmissibility from the statistical physics technique known as bond percolation. Once the average transmissibility is known, node-, network- and population mass-action models can be measured for incidence. Two selective pinning control strategies, namely proportional feedback and nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), are compared with one another and also with a random pinning strategy. The budget, measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), is added to the cost-function for NMPC control. It is shown that budget can indeed be controlled while incidence varies, while incidence may be controlled as budget varies. Pinning control of disease networks is a feasible methodology to analyse the future and steady-state outcomes of interventions in fast-spreading (high-risk) disease contact networks.
Modellering van die verspreiding van siektes oor kontak-netwerke verskaf waardevolle inligting aan beleidmakers en epidemioloë wat besluit op maatreëls vir voorkoming teen die siekte. Hierdie proefskrif hou n metode voor wat gebruik word om siekteverspreidings-netwerke te simuleer en te analiseer. Dit word gedoen op netwerke met nodusse wat varieer tussen N = 100 en N = 10000. Netwerke waarin HIV versprei word gebruik. Penbeheer word in n oopluskonfigurasie op elke nodus toegepas binne n geslote terugvoerlus op netwerkvlak. Penbeheer se doel is om slegs sekere nodusse te beheer om dieselfde uitkomste vir die voorkoms van HIV tydens n epidemie te meet. Die doel is om die gemiddelde waarskynlikheid vir oordrag van die siekte tussen nodusse te beheer en sodoende, deur middel van die tegniek genaamd bond percolation , te bepaal hoe groot die finale epidemie gaan wees. Sodra die gemiddelde waarskynlikheid bekend is, kan nodus-, netwerk- en populasiemodelle saamgestel word. Twee selektiewe penbeheer-strategieë (proporsioneel, en NMPC) word met mekaar en met n derde willekeurige tegniek vergelyk. Die beheer van begrotings, gemeet in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), word deur die NMPC strategie hanteer. Siektes binne kontaknetwerke kan dus beheer word met selektiewe penbeheer. Penbeheer-strategieë word ook vergelyk op grond van die dosisse wat hulle benodig, asook die akkuraatheid van die bestendigde-toestand resultate. Penbeheer van siekteverspreidings-netwerke is n werkbare metode om toekomstige en bestendigde-toestand uitkomste van mediese ingrepe op netwerke mee te analiseer.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
PhD
Unrestricted
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3

Hillman, Anne M. "Perceived control in the everyday occupational roles of people with Parkinson's disease and their partners." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1621.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2006.
Title from title screen (viewed May 1, 2007). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Occupation and Leisure Sciences. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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4

Bennett, Richard. "The economics of livestock disease control." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316155.

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5

Cox, Mark. "Ecological economics of wildlife disease control." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310898.

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6

Chochó, Karen S. "Hispanic migrants and cross-border disease control of Arizona's vaccine preventable diseases." restricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04222008-151047/.

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Thesis (M.Ph.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Richard Rothenberg, committee chair; Russ Toal, Karen E. Gieseker, committee members. Electronic text (135 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed August 12, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-135).
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7

Chocho, Karen. "Hispanic Migrants and Cross-border Disease Control of Arizona's Vaccine Preventable Diseases." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/35.

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BACKGROUND: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Immunization Program, there is an increase in the re-emergence of past diseases. Even with mandatory vaccination practices in the United States, there are still a number of cases of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) reported yearly. It is speculated that the re-emergence of VPDs is in part due to the increase in international travel as well as the influx of immigrants. One particular group of interest includes the Hispanic migrants coming from Central and South America where some of these diseases are endemic. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent of VPD cases in the border state of Arizona that may be attributed to Hispanic migrant influx using data from the MMWR: Summary of Notifiable Diseases reports for the United States and the ADHS data from all Arizona counties. RESULTS: Since 1995, rates of hepatitis B and pertussis have been increasing in Arizona and have become higher for non-Hispanics than Hispanics. In 2005, hepatitis B rates were 1.53* for the United States and 7.31* for Arizona; pertussis rates were 8.72* for the United States and 21.60* for Arizona. CONCLUSION: The results of this study's analysis show the need to improve immunization efforts within the non-Hispanic populations in all Arizona counties. (*Per 100,000 population)
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8

Cattaneo, Gabriele 1984. "Bilingual language control : Evidence from Parkinson's disease." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482046.

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How can bilinguals easily and flexibly switch between languages without errors? The aim of this thesis is to advance our knowledge about the control mechanisms involved in bilingual language production. I investigated this issue in two ways. Firstly, by exploring similarities between bilingual language control (bLC) and domain-general executive control (EC). Secondly, by investigating the specificity of bLC mechanisms within the linguistic domain. To do so, I measured behavioural responses of Catalan/Spanish bilinguals affected by Parkinson’s disease and healthy controls in tasks tapping bLC, EC and language control, when only one language was involved. I explored Parkinson’s disease individuals because this neurodegenerative disorder affects brain areas involved in both domain-general EC and the bLC. The findings of this dissertation suggest that some bLC mechanisms are highly specific and are not involved in other linguistic or non-linguistic control contexts. However, some other mechanisms of bLC are shared across different domains of control and implemented by EC mechanisms. These results extend previous knowledge about the nature of mechanisms involved in bLC and are useful for future models of bilingual language production.
Com ho fan els bilingües per passar d’una llengua a una altra amb facilitat, flexibilitat i sense cometre errors? L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és avançar el nostre coneixement sobre els mecanismes de control involucrats en la producció de llenguatge en bilingües. He investigat aquest tema de dues maneres: Primer: he explorat les similituds entre el control bilingüe del llenguatge i el control executiu de domini general. Segon: he investigat l’especificitat dels mecanismes de control bilingüe dins del domini lingüístic. Per aquest supòsit, he avaluat les respostes conductuals de bilingües Català/Castellà afectats per la malaltia del Parkinson i controls bilingües (no malalts) en tasques de control de llenguatge bilingüe, control executiu i control de llenguatge quan una sola llengua hi està involucrada. He estudiat aquesta malaltia degenerativa perquè afecta zones del cervell involucrades tant en control executiu de domini general, com en control bilingüe del llenguatge. Els descobriments d’aquesta dissertació suggereixen que alguns dels mecanismes de control bilingüe del llenguatge són altament específics, i no estan involucrats en altres contextos de control lingüístic o no lingüístic. D’altra banda, altres mecanismes de control estan compartits a través de diferents dominis i estan implementats per mecanismes de control executiu.
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Yoak, Andrew James. "Disease Control through Fertility Control: Explorations in Two Urban Systems." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430989186.

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10

Shipton, Deborah. "Autoimmune disease in rodents : control and specificity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326005.

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Menzies, Nicolas Alan. "Mathematical Modeling to Evaluate Disease Control Policy." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11356.

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In this dissertation I assessed three distinct policy questions: the implications of introducing a new tuberculosis diagnostic in southern Africa, the potential value of research related to HIV treatment policy in South Africa, and the causal effect of state cigarette taxes imposed between 1996 and 2013 on health outcomes in the United States.
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Clarkson, John Paul. "Biological control of eyespot disease of cereals." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336191.

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13

Sanchez, Martin Maria Jesus. "Control of Chagas disease vectors in Venezuela." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430812.

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14

Gitchel, George. "Oculomotor Control in Patients with Parkinson's Disease." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/68.

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There have been few studies investigating the eye movement behavior of Parkinson’s disease patients during fixation. This study objectively measured the eye movements of 36 patients with Parkinson’s disease, and 20 age matched controls. Stimuli consisted of ten standardized text passages first organized by Miller and Coleman. In addition, subjects followed a randomly displaced step jump target motion. Pendular nystagmus was found in all Parkinson’s subjects, with an average frequency of 7.44 Hz. Saccadic peak velocity and duration along the main sequence were not statistically different from controls. A slower rate of reading was also noted in the Parkinson’s group in terms of characters per minute, but with no more regressions than normal. Rate of square wave jerks was also found to be normal. This suggests that the hallmark feature of eye movements in Parkinson’s disease is a pendular nystagmus during fixation, and all saccadic activity to be normal.
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Heard, Stephanie. "Plant pathogen sensing for early disease control." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/plant-pathogen-sensing-for-early-disease-control(48949f80-2596-4ce2-912a-6513e72f6a8d).html.

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a fungal pathogen of over 400 plant species has been estimated to cost UK based farmers approximately £20 million per year during severe outbreak (Oerke and Dehne 2004). S. sclerotiorum disease incidence is difficult to predict as outbreaks are often sporadic. Ascospores released from the fruiting bodies or apothecia can be dispersed for tens of kilometres. This makes disease control problematic and with no S. sclerotiorum resistant varieties available, growers are forced to spray fungicides up to three times per flowering season in anticipation of the arrival of this devastating disease. This thesis reports the development of the first infield S. sclerotiorum biosensor which aims to enable rapid detection of airborne ascospores, promoting a more accurate disease risk assessment and fungicide spraying regime. The sensor is designed to detect the presence of oxalic acid, the main pathogenicity factor secreted during early S. sclerotiorum ascospore germination. Upon electrochemical detection of this analyte in the biosensor, a binary output is relayed to farmer to warm him of a disease risk. This project focused on the development of a nutrient matrix which was designed to be contained within the biosensor. The role of this matrix was to promote the growth of captured airborne S. sclerotiorum ascospores and induce high levels of oxalic acid secretion. The use of the designed biological matrix to promote oxalic acid production was tested during three field trials in S. sclerotiorum artificially inoculated fields. This thesis describes the use of contemporary pathogenomics technologies to further investigate candidate genes involved in pathogenicity alongside the secretion of oxalic acid. A pre-described bioinformatics pipeline was used to predict the S. sclerotiorum secretome to identify potential effector proteins as well as explore proteins which are unique to S. sclerotiorum to be used as other novel targets for detection. GFP tagged constructs were designed to investigate the expression of the putative targets for S. sclerotiorum detection. The transcriptomes of wild type and oxalic acid deficient S. sclerotiorum strains during infection as well as during a saprotrophic stage were investigated. This study provided expression support for not only some of the unannotated genes identified in the putative secretome, but some candidate genes speculated to be involved in infection.
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MURPHY, CATHRYN LOUISE School of Health Services Management UNSW. "INFECTION CONTROL IN THE AUSTRALIAN HEALTH CARE SETTING." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Health Services Management, 1999. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17600.

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1,708 members of the Australian Infection Control Association were surveyed to describe the practices of Australian infection control practitioners. The study details the methods infection control practitioners use to co-ordinate and measure nosocomial infections as clinical outcomes of Australian infection surveillance and control programs. Administrators' and clinicians' perceptions of the elements and infrastructure of infection surveillance and control programs and the role of the infection control were measured in 316 hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. A literature review found that the development of Australian infection surveillance and control programs is behind that of U.S.A and the United Kingdom. The survey of the infection control practitioners identified that their role and duties varied between facilities as did the time allocated to infection control tasks. The survey of infection control practitioners demonstrated variation in their levels of skill, education and experience. Infection control practitioners' use and application of evidence and associated skills was examined and found to be limited in relation to clinical decision making and policy development. The survey also examined the methods infection control practitioners use to undertake surveillance of nosocomial infections. The methods reported indicated non-standard approaches to surveillance activity. A survey of administrators and clinicians in NSW hospitals was undertaken to identify variation in administrator and clinician perceptions and to describe their level of support for recommended essential infrastructure and criteria for infection surveillance and control programs and the role of the infection control practitioner in accordance with Scheckler's model. The survey indicated divergent views regarding the role of the infection control practitioner and the essential elements of infection surveillance and control programs. The study identified that education of infection control practitioners is necessary to facilitate standard approaches to co-ordinating infection surveillance and control activity. The development of Australian infection surveillance and control programs require a strategic alliance between stakeholders. to define essential elements of infection surveillance and control programs. In addition, the role of the infection control practitioner must be defined before key stakeholders can agree on the minimum skills, qualifications and experience required by an infection control practitioner.
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Pereira, J. L. M. "Alternative strategies for the chemical control of Phytophthora pod rot of cocoa in Bahia, Brazil." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384415.

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18

van, Stockum Eva Saskia. "Eye movement control and cognition in Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1323.

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Many studies have found evidence of abnormal eye movement control in Parkinson's disease. Deficits in the inhibition of unintended saccades and slowed initiation of intentional saccades have been reported in some, but not all, investigations. Also over recent years the presence of cognitive impairment in a proportion of patients with Parkinson's disease has been highlighted. Efficient use of working memory resources is thought to be involved in the performance of tasks in both domains. With a comprehensive selection of saccadic and neuropsychological tasks, the current study investigated whether aspects of abnormal oculomotor control are associated with impairment of cognitive functions. Nineteen Parkinson's disease patients and eighteen healthy age matched control subjects performed six eye movement tasks and completed a neuropsychological test battery assessing five different aspects of cognitive functioning. Deficits were found in both the oculomotor and the cognitive domain in the group of patients. As a group, the patients made more reflexive errors in antisaccade tasks, more inhibition errors in a delayed response task, and were slower to initiate intentional saccades. The three measures of abnormal oculomotor control were not consistently associated with cognitive impairments or with each other. Longer latencies of correct antisaccades and increased number of errors in a delayed response task were associated with lower scores in different cognitive tests. Reflexive errors in the antisaccade task were not associated with cognitive deficits, but with the tendency to produce very fast visually triggered responses. The results suggest that, at least in Parkinson's disease, different neural mechanisms may be involved in specific aspects of abnormal oculomotor control.
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Xia-Hong, He. "Bio-control of root rot disease in vanilla." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/15398.

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Fusarium oxysporum Schl. var. vanillae (Tucker) Gondon is known to cause root rot in Vanilla planifolia Andrews in most regions where it is grown, including the major plantations in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province of China. This is of serious economic concern to the Province since the vanilla flavouring extractable from the beans of the plant is a valuable food product and an important export commodity. There are no fungicides registered for the control of Fusarium root rot and the only available chemical control methods are ineffective and cause serious contamination of the soil. Breeding for resistance is difficult when no dominant gene is known or where little information is available on fungal pathogenicity. Biocontrol is the main alternative for disease control in this crop, an attractive approach because of increasing concerns for environmental protection. The investigation considers two biocontrol strategies: first the introduction of virulent, antagonistic, non-pathogenic strains, closely-related to the pathogen, to overcome pathogenic populations in infected soils; second the use of essential oils with antimicrobial properties when applied to infected soils. Pathogenicity tests have been done on 81 out of 87 F. oxysporum isolates collected in Yunnan Province. Among these, 32 isolates were non-pathogenic and 49 were pathogenic. The pathogenicity results showed the complexity of F. oxysporum in Yunnan. Seventeen isolates were recovered from the Daluo plantation, of which 14 were pathogenic isolates and 3 non-pathogenic isolates; 26 from the Menglun plantation, in which 12 were pathogenic and 14 were non-pathogenic; 18 isolates from the Manjingdai plantation, in which 12 isolates were pathogenic, whilst the other 6 were non-pathogenic and 20 were obtained from the plantation in Hekou i County, of which 11 were pathogenic isolates and 9 were non-pathogenic. Genetic diversity within this population of F. oxysporum has been investigated with respect to vegetative compatibility and to determine the relationship between VCGs and virulence. The VCG results showed that the 87 strains of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vanillae isolated from Yunnan Province were complex. They could be distributed into 12 different VCGs and that a direct relationship between VCGs group and virulence could not be drawn. Two non-pathogenic strains, ML-5-2 and HK-5b-4-1, have been screened from 87 strains as candidate biocontrol agents by pathogenicity and VCG, which are self-incompatible and closely related to the pathogens. These two strains were effective in vanilla root rot control in controlled environments, but their effects in field experiments were less conclusive. Seven essential oils, which have long been regarded as having inhibitory effects on pathogens in nature, have also been investigated as biocontrol agents. Three oils, cinnamon oil, thyme oil and clove oil, were effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogen in vitro. These oils may develop into useful components of different management strategies with non-pathogenic strains. For the future, consideration will need to be given to the mechanism(s) of the interaction of the antagonistic components with the soil microbe population and host plant and also to appropriate formulation, to take account of soil type, crop status, cultural practices, environmental and economic factors. Biocontrol methods have considerable potential but must be acceptable to farmers as part of an overall crop management programme.
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Forster, G. A. "Optimising the control of disease : an economic perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599128.

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Epidemiologists have developed a vast range of models to describe the spread and control of epidemics. Most of these address critical issues such as invasion, persistence and variability of disease, though few have considered economic factors associated with control.  Conversely, economists have highlighted the importance of constraints imposed by limited resources, though few of these studies retained the vital dynamics and temporal progression that characterise epidemics. In this study we attempt to combine economic and epidemiological factors to create a framework within which optimal control strategies can be derived. Specifically, we address the following key questions: how can we incorporate economic constraints into an epidemiological framework?; can this be extended to more complex systems such as spatially explicit models?; and can we derive optimal control strategies in the presence of uncertainty? To address these questions we examine a range of systems, such as vaccination of emerging epidemics in human and animal populations, short and long-term application of fungicides to large-scale crop epidemics, and the timing of pest control measures in the presence of epidemic risk and uncertainty. Although we consider only a limited number of systems, the epidemiological models are generic and the methods from optimal control and option theory are applicable to a wide range of problems. The results can therefore be generalised to a number of epidemiological scenarios.
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21

Bunn, L. M. "Sensory mechanisms of balance control in cerebellar disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1306178/.

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A wealth of evidence exists to suggest that the cerebellum has an important role in the integration of vestibular, proprioceptive and visual sensory signals. Human bipedal balance depends on sensory integration and balance impairment is a common feature of cerebellar disease. I test the hypothesis that disrupted sensori-motor processing is responsible for balance impairment in cerebellar disease. Balance control in subjects with pure cerebellar disease (SCA6) was compared with matched healthy subjects using a mix of traditional clinical and laboratory-based tests. Sensory processing was explored using a novel combination of tools designed to deliver single-sensory channel balance perturbations. The vestibular, proprioceptive and visual channels were stimulated with galvanic vestibular stimulation, vibration and visual scene motion respectively. Standing balance was explored using 3D whole body motion analysis. Sway speed when standing quietly with eyes open was significantly increased in those with SCA6 and strongly correlated with disease severity scores. Responses to isolated vestibular stimulation suggest largely normal vestibulo-motor processing in SCA6 subjects. Responses had normal latency and magnitude. Response direction followed head position in the normal way suggesting intact vestibulo-proprioceptive integration. Vision had a normal attenuating effect on response magnitude suggesting intact vestibulo-visual integration. Responses to isolated vestibular, proprioceptive and visual stimuli responses were compared to investigate whether there might be a predominant deficit in any one channel. Vestibular and proprioceptive stimuli evoked largely normal responses. In contrast, visual stimuli consistently evoked abnormally large responses with significant timing delays. Increases in SCA6 response magnitudes to moving visual stimuli strongly correlated with disease severity scores. This finding is the first to point to a specific change in sensori-motor processing in cerebellar disease. This finding could contribute to balance impairments but is unlikely to explain balance impairment observed with the eyes closed. Overall sensory processing for balance control in SCA6 is largely intact.
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22

Pillars, Roxanne Bee. "Control strategies for Johne's disease in dairy cattle." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Thesis (PH.D.)--Michigan State University. Large Animal Clinical Sciences, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 28, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 260-281). Also issued in print.
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23

Hillman, Anne M. "Perceived control in the everyday occupational roles of people with Parkinson's disease and their partners." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1621.

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People with a chronic illness, such as Parkinson’s disease, often live in the community for many years while the illness becomes progressively more debilitating. Little is known about how such people control the impact the disease has upon their various roles in life. This study employed naturalistic qualitative research methods to investigate how people with Parkinson’s disease and their partners continue to actively participate as members of their social community. Using in-depth semi-structured, focused interviews, participants with Parkinson’s disease and their partners were asked to name and describe roles that occupied their daily activity. They were asked about their most significant occupational roles, what they did in these roles, the knowledge or strategies they employed to deal with barriers to occupational role performance, and the personal meaning such roles held. Four basic themes evolved from the data: the impact of the disease on occupational role performance, or ‘doing’, secondary personal limitations to occupational role performance, secondary social limitations to occupational role performance and cumulative barriers to occupational role performance. Loss of control over choice and manner of engagement in occupational roles was a significant element of all four themes. Sense of self and sense of social fit were identified as major elements that informed participants’ perceptions of control. Participants described a range of diverse responses that they used to actively restore personal control of occupational performance in the face of degenerative illness. Learning new coping styles appeared to be underpinned by a personal set of rules or ‘blueprint’, despite professional input. This blueprint was actualised through a problem identification, problem solving and active engagement cycle that was termed a cycle of control. A conceptual model of a cycle of control was proposed as the final stage of the research. The model represented a way of describing how participants acted to restore a sense of personal control once a specific barrier to occupational role performance had been perceived. The findings of this study support the notion that people with chronic illness, such as Parkinson’s disease, are active and knowledgeable participants in health care, and have occupational histories and experiences that they harness when dealing with barriers to performance. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that people with chronic illness work in tandem with significant role partners to constantly maintain the valued partnership in meaningful occupational roles as the disease progresses. A greater understanding of how people with chronic illness and their partners strive to maintain a sense of personal control can enable occupational therapists to work effectively as ancillary partners in care. A greater understanding of the way in which role partners work together to maintain occupational integrity in their lives would be central to assessment and intervention for community programs for people with chronic illness.
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24

Ottman, Michael J. "Cultural Practices for Karnal Bunt Control." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/552950.

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Originally Published: 2002; Revised
3 pp.
Environmental conditions between awn emergence and the end of flowering is the overriding factor in disease development. 2 The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Cultural practices may be partially effective in controlling Karnal bunt but cannot eliminate the disease completely. Karnal bunt is most likely to be found in areas where lodging or water ponding have occurred.
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25

Hanson, Stefan. "Control of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections : studies in Tanzania and Zambia /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-156-2/.

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Fleeton, Marina N. "Genetic vaccination against acute viral disease /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3811-3/.

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27

Mertens, Paulus Leonardus Johannus Marie. "Outbreaks: sources of epidemiological knowledge in communicable disease control." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/10867.

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28

Ahlawat, Anju. "Aberrant control of EPOR trafficking in health and disease." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602404.

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EPO/EPOR signalling pathway is essential for the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of erythroid progenitors. Defects in EPO/EPOR signalling regulation cause myeloproliferative disorders, such as erythrocytosis, or polycythemia vera. Erythrocytosis is a disorder associated with truncations of the human EPOR resulting in deletions of 59-110 amino acids from the cytoplasmic tail of EPOR. The transformation capacity of JAK2V617F, a mutation responsible for myeloproliferative neoplasias is dependent on the presence of EPOR. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanisms controlling EPO/EPOR signalling and proliferation/differentiation of erytlu'oid progenitors attracts interest. Ubiquitination and degradation is a common regulatory mechanisms affecting signalling from a variety of receptors. SOCS proteins regulate receptor signalling partly via their ubiquitin ligase (E3)-recruiting SOCS box domain. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of lysines important for EPOR ubiquitination in regulating EPO/EPOR f . signalling, erythroid cell proliferation and role of SOCS3 as ubiquitin ligase. Here, it is shown that K428 plays a key role in EPOR routing and demonstrate that the effects of SOCS3 on EPO/EPOR signalling depend on K428. Mutating K428 to arginine (K428R) blocked EPOR ubiquitination and enhanced stabilisation of the mature form of EPOR K428R in comparison to the wild-type receptor. This also leads to accumulation of EPOR in late endosomes and leads to sustained activation of ST AT5 and hypersensitivity to EPO leading to increased proliferation. SOCS3 was observed to ubiquitinate EPOR on this lysine and is important for trafficking the receptor from late endosomes to lysosomes. These findings clearly show that K428 is crucial for EPOR ubiquitination and attenuation of EPO responses. It was also observed JAK2V617F escapes SOCS3 inhibition by accumulating EPOR in late endosomes and utilising it for the constitutive signalling for transformation of the cells. This is the first demonstration of SOCS-mediated ubiquitination by targeting K428 and routing of EPOR to lysosomes.
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29

MacVicar, Thomas D. B. "Autophagy and mitochondrial quality control in homeostasis and disease." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627943.

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Mitochondria are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells and they must remain healthy in order to generate sufficient ATP for cellular function. Dysfunctional mitochondria pose a grave threat to high-energy demanding tissues and are associated with an array of human diseases. Mitochondria exist in a dynamic organelle network that is essential for their intracellular distribution and quality control. A damaged mitochondrion must first be exiled from the network by mitochondrial fission and next be neutralized by a process termed mitophagy. A number of mitophagy pathways exist to specifically target damaged or redundant mitochondria for engulfment by double-membrane autophagosomes in order to deliver them to the acidic lysosome for degradation. This dissertation explores the regulation and molecular mechanisms of the PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway. Mutated in several forms of Parkinson's disease, the PINK1 kinase and Parkin E3-ubiquitin ligase govern the selective degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria and they have been demonstrated to play key neuroprotective roles in vitro and in vivo. Here, the role of mitochondrial bioenergetics in regulating mitophagy is investigated. By employing a range of biochemical and imaging techniques in a cell-based model of Parkin-mediated mitophagy, the following data demonstrate how cells dependent on mitochondrial respiration can avoid mitophagy via intricate control of mitochondrial dynamics. In order to maintain the energy supply, respiring cells can resist mitophagy by preserving an interconnected mitochondrial network via inhibition of Drp1 and impaired OMA1-dependent OPA1 cleavage. This dissertation also questions the importance of close contact between the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for the progression of Parkin-mediated mitophagy. A focused siRNA screen of ER-mitochondrial communication factors highlights a novel role for ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ signa ling during Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Together, the data presented in this dissertation place mitochondrial bioenergetic demand and Ca2+ flux as key players in the regulation of mitophagy. Further research will be required to identify whether these two regulatory arms are linked and will strengthen the therapeutic potential for positively modulating mitochondrial homeostasis in order to promote cell protection.
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Atkins, Tracy. "USING MODELING AND SIMULATION TO EVALUATE DISEASE CONTROL MEASURES." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3976.

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This dissertation introduced several issues concerning the analysis of diseases by showing how modeling and simulation could be used to assist in creating health policy by estimating the effects of such policies. The first question posed was how would education, vaccination and a combination of these two programs effect the possible outbreak of meningitis on a college campus. After creating a model representative of the transmission dynamics of meningitis and establishing parameter values characteristic of the University of Central Florida main campus, the results of a deterministic model were presented in several forms. The result of this model was the combination of education and vaccination would eliminate the possibility of an epidemic on our campus. Next, we used simulation to evaluate how quarantine and treatment would affect an outbreak of influenza on the same population. A mathematical model was created specific to influenza on the UCF campus. Numerical results from this model were then presented in tabular and graphical form. The results comparing the simulations for quarantine and treatment show the best course of action would be to enact a quarantine policy on the campus thus reducing the maximum number of infected while increasing the time to reach this peak. Finally, we addressed the issue of performing the analysis stochastically versus deterministically. Additional models were created with the progression of the disease occurring by chance. Statistical analysis was done on the mean of 100 stochastic simulation runs comparing that value to the one deterministic outcome. The results for this analysis were inconclusive, as the results for meningitis were comparable while those for influenza appeared to be different.
Ph.D.
Other
Sciences
Modeling and Simulation PhD
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31

Phiri, Noah Anthony. "Status and control of coffee berry disease in Malawi." Thesis, University of Kent, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327483.

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32

O'Brien, Claire Margaret. "Antioxidants and peripheral arterial disease : a case-control study." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428704.

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33

Mahdi, Ali Jafar. "Foot and mouth disease in Iraq: strategy and control." Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4620.

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Master of Science
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Gary A. Anderson
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious viral disease of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, buffalo, and artiodactyl wildlife species. Foot-and-mouth disease virus is endemic and periodic devastating epidemics have occurred and caused heavy economic losses in Iraq for a long time. The first official cases of FMD were recorded in 1937, while the first record of a specific FMD serotype in Iraq was serotype A in 1952. Other serotypes have been reported since then; serotypes O, SAT-1 and Asia1 were recorded in 1957, 1962, and 1975, respectively. Veterinary Services in Iraq has been severely weakened over the past two decades, and its infrastructure has been devastated as a consequence of previous political conflicts, wars and international sanctions. The breakdown of Veterinary Services led to the disruption of disease control strategies, collapse of disease surveillance and monitoring, and weakening of response systems. The destruction of the Al-Dora FMD laboratories for diagnosis and vaccine production by the United Nation in 1996, and the restrictions placed on the importation of vaccines have strongly affected the FMD control program. A severe epidemic of FMD occurred in Iraq in 1998, affecting 2.5 million ruminants and causing heavy losses in newly born animals. It is estimated to have killed about 550,000 animals. The outbreak was due to the serotype O1 Middle East strain which has affected large and small ruminants. In 2009, Iraq was severely affected by new serotype A (subtype A Iran 05). The major efforts of Veterinary Services in Iraq have been directed towards control of FMD by vaccination strategies. Two types of vaccine have been used, trivalent vaccine (O, A 22, and Asia 1) for cattle and buffalo and monovalent vaccine (O Manisa) for sheep and goats. Vaccination has been implemented once yearly on a voluntary basis. Sometimes other limited control measures have accompanied vaccination, which include quarantine, movement control, focused vaccination, disinfection, and public awareness programs. The FMD control program in Iraq has been confronted by many challenges: deficits in FMD surveillance and emergency preparedness, limited diagnostic capabilities, difficulties in restricting animal movement, and lack and irregular supply of appropriate vaccines.
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34

Baston, Chiara <1986&gt. "Motor control system in Parkinson’s disease: a modeling approach." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7147/.

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Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder due to the death of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia. The process that leads to these neural alterations is still unknown. Parkinson’s disease affects most of all the motor sphere, with a wide array of impairment such as bradykinesia, akinesia, tremor, postural instability and singular phenomena such as freezing of gait. Moreover, in the last few years the fact that the degeneration in the basal ganglia circuitry induces not only motor but also cognitive alterations, not necessarily implicating dementia, and that dopamine loss induces also further implications due to dopamine-driven synaptic plasticity got more attention. At the present moment, no neuroprotective treatment is available, and even if dopamine-replacement therapies as well as electrical deep brain stimulation are able to improve the life conditions of the patients, they often present side effects on the long term, and cannot recover the neural loss, which instead continues to advance. In the present thesis both motor and cognitive aspects of Parkinson’s disease and basal ganglia circuitry were investigated, at first focusing on Parkinson’s disease sensory and balance issues by means of a new instrumented method based on inertial sensor to provide further information about postural control and postural strategies used to attain balance, then applying this newly developed approach to assess balance control in mild and severe patients, both ON and OFF levodopa replacement. Given the inability of levodopa to recover balance issues and the new physiological findings than underline the importance in Parkinson’s disease of non-dopaminergic neurotransmitters, it was therefore developed an original computational model focusing on acetylcholine, the most promising neurotransmitter according to physiology, and its role in synaptic plasticity. The rationale of this thesis is that a multidisciplinary approach could gain insight into Parkinson’s disease features still unresolved.
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35

Fong, Winkie Wing Kei. "Genomics and Metagenomics of Bordetella species for Disease Control." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25040.

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Pertussis is a vaccine preventable disease, primarily caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis (and occasionally B. holmesii and B. parapertussis). The disease is highly contagious, and results in extended periods of coughing. Prior to vaccination, pertussis was the foremost cause of infantile death by infection globally. Global vaccination efforts against pertussis were introduced in the 1950s and this resulted in the rate of pertussis infections to decrease tremendously. In recent decades, public health authorities around the world have reported a resurgence of the number of pertussis cases, despite high vaccination coverage. The reason behind this resurgence is unknown, however, there are multiple theories. A major contributing factor is the reduced molecular surveillance of B. pertussis, a consequence of the change in diagnostic methods from culture isolates to direct PCR on clinical samples. Culture isolates enable molecular surveillance by providing information on the strain, such as sequence type and antibiotic resistance information. Without molecular surveillance we know little about the currently circulating strains of B. pertussis. The aims of this thesis were to the provide characterise the genomes of the Bordetella genus. Ultimately, it aimed to attempt explaining the driving forces behind B. pertussis resurgence by identifying their properties of relevance for laboratory diagnosis and surveillance. The thesis also aimed to develop new laboratory protocols to circumvent the lack of isolates and achieve high resolution data and information from clinical samples. It also aimed to determine the differences in the expression of B. pertussis vaccine antigens using metatranscriptomics. Furthermore, the thesis aimed to determine the potential for antimicrobial resistance within the Bordetella spp., and their mechanisms behind resistance. This thesis confirmed through the generation of high-quality closed reference sequences, that Bordetella spp. isolates from NSW carried the same genomic rearrangement characteristics as global isolates. Thus, demonstrating evidence of genomic evolution of the Bordetella spp. in the Southern hemisphere. These reference sequences can serve as a representative of the prevalent strains in the Australian community and be utilised in future public health surveillance. This thesis also describes the development of a protocol to circumvent culture isolates, by combining Saponin depletion with an improved library preparation method, Nextera Flex kit (Illumina) and sequencing so that more reads per sample are generated (i.e. deep sequencing). It demonstrated that with high bacterial load samples, this method can effectively produce the entire genome of B. pertussis with an average 20 X coverage. Therefore, through the utilisation of pre-extraction depletion methods, in conjunction with the proper library preparation kit, and increased sequencing depths, sufficient information can be obtained for molecular surveillance. Culture-independent RNA sequencing was also determined as a feasible method in determining high-resolution strain typing information for public health investigations. Metatranscriptomics was able to show that assemblies could reliably identify segments of the genome coding the vaccine antigens, primarily fhaB and prn. In addition, the thesis identified 10 new genomic markers for further investigation, especially as potential targets for CI-WGS enrichment. The study showed that two of the three Bordetella spp. developed resistance (>256 μg /mL) within 15 weeks upon consistent macrolide exposure. WGS was able to confirm the resistance mutation in B. holmesii – a non-synonymous SNP mutation in the 23S ribosomal RNA (C2585T, G2031A, and A2032G). Thus, the study proved that B. parapertussis and B. holmesii carried a higher capability in developing macrolide resistance under antibiotic pressure in vitro. The mechanism of resistance in these two species was identified in B. holmesii, however remains unclear in B. parapertussis. Overall, the findings of this thesis will facilitate the genomic surveillance of Bordetella spp. in the era of culture-independent diagnostic testing.
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36

West, Jon. "Chemical control of Armillaria root rot." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386565.

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37

Delaney, Mary. "Perceptions of cause and control of impulse control disorders in people with Parkinson's disease." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.552824.

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The cause of impulse control behaviours (ICBs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has recently become the focus of research attention. However, 'this research is limited to a biomedical model, centring on the role of dopamine replacement therapy in causing these behaviours. Furthermore, gaps remain in our understanding of ICBs. The first section of this work presents a narrative review of current evidence regarding the etiology of ICBs in people with PD. The review highlights areas of methodological and theoretical discrepancy in the current biomedical understanding. It is argued that a biopsychosocial model may provide a more adequate explanation of these behaviours within PD and thereby inform individual, formulation based approaches to assessment and treatment. Furthermore, research to date has failed to consider perceptions of cause in people with PD who have experienced these behaviours. Therefore, the second part of this work concerns a qualitative investigation which explored how people with PD perceive the cause and controllability of their ICBs. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was carried out on data gathered via semi-structured interviews with 10 participants. The resulting themes were 1) 'It does seem to open a whole Pandora 's Box of who we are and why we do what we do; Conflicting views on causality.'; 2) 'Better to live like a tiger for a day than like a lamb for a year; Impulse control behaviours as a coping strategy.'; and 3) 'Just a thing I couldn't control, like a greater power than me; Relationship between causal attribution and perceived controllability.' Causal attributions were found to be fundamental to the perceived controllability of ICBs. In addition, ICBs were linked to coping with PD. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed. The final section of this work reflects on methodological, professional and ethical issues which arose throughout the research process.
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38

Engel, Marie. "Eradication of Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus from pig herds : alternatives to depopulation /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5437-9.pdf.

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39

Pretsell, Douglas Ogilvy. "The role of the dorsal striatum in the control of reaction time performance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261652.

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40

McGurk, Charles. "Culture of malacosporeans (Myxozoa) and development of control strategies for proliferative kidney disease." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/37.

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Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) poses a high financial burden upon the freshwater salmonid aquaculture industry of Europe and North America. The alternate hosts of the causative agent, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea), have been identified as freshwater bryozoans (Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata) within which spores capable of infecting salmonid fish develop. Currently, control of PKD relies upon complex management practices, with no licensed prophylaxis or treatment available. Assessment of the nutritional preferences of phylactolaemate bryozoans allowed development of an optimised laboratory culture system. Following laboratory maintenance, bryozoans collected from PKD-endemic sites were found to be infected with the malacosporean parasites T. bryosalmonae and Buddenbrockia plumatellae. Subsequent parasitic development was observed using light-, electron- and confocal-microscopy techniques. Methods of challenging rainbow trout with T. bryosalmonae spores were developed, with the minimum infective dose established. The presence of Thomsen-Friedenreich and Tn epitopes within the parasite was investigated, and experimental vaccine preparations based on either these specificities or T. bryosalmonae-infected bryozoans were efficacy tested in rainbow trout. In addition, salinomycin and amprolium were tested as prospective chemotherapeutants for PKD. Further insights into the development and subsequent release of malacosporean spores within their invertebrate hosts have been revealed. Long-term maintenance of T. bryosalmonae allowed controlled infection of rainbow trout previously vaccinated with experimental preparations. Findings of the project could potentially be utilised in future research into the development of control methods for PKD.
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41

Mobbs, Daniel James. "Studies towards the control of the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297945.

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42

González, Hernández Ana Isabel. "New approaches to control Pseudomonas syringae disease in tomato plants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666683.

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Las plagas y enfermedades son factores a tener en cuenta ya que producen elevadas pérdidas en la producción de los cultivos. Actualmente, la búsqueda de compuestos no perjudiciales para el medioambiente y que sean capaces de inducir los mecanismos de defensa en las plantas frente a estreses es un tema prioritario. Por ello, el objetivo de esta tesis ha sido estudiar el mecanismo de inducción de defensa de los compuestos heptagluconato de cobre, 1-metiltriptófano (1-MT) y amonio, en el patosistema tomate-P. syringae. De forma general, el heptagluconato de cobre induce compuestos fenólicos, el 1-MT induce el cierre estomático y afecta al contenido del apoplasto y a la motilidad de la bacteria y, el amonio produce una reprogramación del metabolismo primario. Además, se ha estudiado como se modifica la arquitectura radicular bajo distintas fuentes de N y C, observando que la adición de nitrato o compuestos carbonados al tratamiento con amonio alivia la toxicidad causada por éste.
Pests and diseases are important factors to take into account in order to avoid losses in crop production. Nowadays, the search of new enviro-friendly compounds to induce defence mechanisms in plants to fight against plant diseases is a priority. Thus, the goal of this thesis has been to study the action mode of the enviro-friendly inducers of resistance copper-heptagluconate, 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT) and ammonium in tomato-P. syringae pathosystem. In general terms, Cu-heptagluconate induces phenolic compounds, 1-MT induces stomatal closure and affects apoplastic content and bacterial motility, and ammonium nutrition produces a primary metabolism reprogramming. Moreover, the study of changes at root level under nitrate and ammonium sources has been carried out, showing that the addition of nitrate or C compounds to ammonium treatment alleviates its mild toxicity.
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Sadri, Parissa. "HISS-dependent control of insulin sensitivity in health and disease." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62664.pdf.

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44

Chartash, Jeremy. "Chronic Disease Control: Factors Associated with Adherence to Physicians' Recommendations." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/229.

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Background: Recently across the United States, chronic diseases have been becoming more prevalent and compliance rates to recommendations have been declining. Non-adherence to health professionals recommendations creates a greater risk of complications for the patient. Objective: The objective of this study is to discover which populations have the highest prevalence of chronic disease and compare adherence to physicians’ recommendations throughout those populations. If a physician tells a patient to complete a certain behavioral change to improve health, a physician would assume that the adherence level should be nearly 100%, but it is clear adherence levels do not reach those levels. Different demographic factors play a role in adherence: gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, education status, marital status, medical insurance coverage, and comorbidity of chronic diseases. Methods: The 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a secondary data source, was used for data collection. The total number of people who participated in the 2007-2008 NHANES study was 5,687. Data analysis was performed with the statistical software program SPSS 19.0. A number of descriptive analyses, cross tabulations, correlations, and binary logistic regression were used to conduct a univariate and multivariate analysis of the subjects. The chronic diseases chosen to assess were hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes. The different recommendations were made to all the patients included: eating less fat, control weight, increase exercise, and take a prescription medication for each specific condition Results: The 5,687 participants were included in the study. The prevalence of hypertension was 21.2%, hypercholesterolemia was 19.3%, and diabetes was 8.7% among those who were surveyed. Among those who were told to eat less fat, control weight, increase exercise and take prescription to control their chronic disease condition, adherence levels ranged greatly. The significance of a physician recommending a behavioral change had the biggest impact on whether a patient would adhere. No significance was seen between any of the demographic variables except for marital status for those who were told to take a prescription to control hypercholesterolemia. Discussion: The study has proven physician recommendations to control chronic disease are usually to take a medication. An individual’s demographics have a small impact on whether he or she will adhere to the advice of the physician. Additional research needs to be completed to understand the patient to physician relationship, which seems to have the biggest impact on behavioral change. Furthermore, new interventions are needed to increase adherence to 100%. Increasing chronic disease adherence across the United States will result in decrease spending in health care costs in the United States.
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McInnis, Leah Russell. "Law and the control of infectious disease during extraordinary emergencies." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404255.

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46

Eccles, Fiona. "Perceptions of cause and control in people with Parkinson's disease." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/59988/.

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Theories of self-regulation suggest that illness beliefs can impact on wellbeing and adaptation and also influence a wide range of health related behaviours. This work is concerned with two particular illness beliefs in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), namely perceptions of cause and perceptions of control. The first section presents a narrative synthesis of the quantitative research on the demographic, clinical and psychological correlates of control in PD and two other chronic motor illnesses; multiple sclerosis (MS) and motor neurone disease (MND). Age, gender and disease duration were not found to be consistently related to control. However perceptions of control were associated with some measures of disease stage/disability. Furthermore, increased perception of certain types of control, particularly life control and adaptation to disease impact, was also associated with wellbeing. The results were dominated by the large number of MS studies but appeared largely applicable to people with PD, however applicability to MND was less clear. Whilst quantitative studies advance understanding of illness beliefs, they also have limitations as they do not permit understanding of the context in which beliefs are formed and or the meaning or purpose of the beliefs for individuals. Thus a qualitative investigation was undertaken of how perceptions of cause and control arise in the everyday lives of people with PD. Interpretative phenomenological analysis of data gathered by semi-structured interviews resulted in a number of relevant themes, of which three were selected for presentation. These themes examined 1) different types of causal attribution; 2) perceptions of control of symptoms by medication; and 3) the secondary control process of adaptation with particular focus on acceptance and denial. The links between cause and control were not universal but rather occurred in subtle individual ways. The final section explores methodological and ethical issues which arose undertaking the research.
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47

Doddrell, Robin D. S. "The control of schwann cell differentiation in development and disease." Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533551.

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48

Townley, David. "Control of brassica clubroot disease using modern anti-protozoal fungicides." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415514.

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49

West, Helen. "Control of fungal plant disease using inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389895.

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50

Atkins, P. M. "Dutch elm disease : Some aspects of its biology and control." Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376861.

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