Journal articles on the topic 'Disease and pest resistance'
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James, D. J., A. J. Passey, M. A. Easterbrook, M. G. Solomon, and D. J. Barbara. "Transgenes for Pest and Disease Resistance." Phytoparasitica 20, S1 (March 1992): S83—S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02980414.
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YOSHIHARA, Teruhiko. "Disease and pest resistance of plants." Journal of the agricultural chemical society of Japan 62, no. 6 (1988): 995–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.62.995.
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DEMPSEY, D., H. SILVA, and D. KLESSIG. "Engineering disease and pest resistance in plants." Trends in Microbiology 6, no. 2 (February 1998): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(97)01186-4.
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Ajaharuddin, SK MD, Madan Lal, Ashwani Yadav, Nitin Kumar, Atul Dhakad, Gayatri Sinha, Budhesh Pratap Singh, and Archana Upadhyay. "Breeding for Resistance against Pest and Diseases in Tomatoes: A Review." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 6 (May 13, 2024): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62063.
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Diseases and pests have a substantial effect on tomato production, greatly affecting both the quantity and quality of this crucial vegetable crop. Although fungicides and insecticides have been important in controlling plant diseases and pests, their excessive usage raises significant environmental issues. Vegetable breeders are increasingly concentrating on developing cultivars with natural tolerance to biotic stresses to promote sustainability and environmental friendliness. The change in focus is intended to cultivate tomato cultivars with inherent resistance to diseases and pests, hence decreasing the need for chemical treatments. Advancements in creating high-yielding genetically resistant tomato cultivars are a result of detailed study on the genetic basis of pest and disease resistance in tomato crops, as well as the complex interactions between the host plant and pathogens. For effective breeding programs and pre-breeding activities, scientists and breeders must have access to sources of resistance and a thorough grasp of the genetic complexities involved. This requires examining the genetic composition of both the tomato plants and the different infections that are impacting them. Breeders may generate tomato cultivars with strong resistance to common diseases and pests by using the inherent defensive mechanisms found in certain tomato types via selective crossing. Continuing to study how hosts and pathogens interact and the molecular processes involved in resistance is crucial. This information offers vital insights on how to improve and expand resistance, leading to the creation of cultivars with long-lasting and wide-ranging resistance. Currently, the emphasis on breeding is a proactive and sustainable strategy for transfer of resistances in high yielding tomato cultivars. Researchers aim to develop tomato cultivars that provide high yield and demonstrate tolerance to changing disease and pest stresses by integrating genetic knowledge with sophisticated breeding methods. This comprehensive method protects tomato crops and encourages environmental sustainability by decreasing the need on chemical inputs in agriculture.
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De Almeida, Gabriella Queiroz, Juliana de Oliveira Silva, Mariane Gonçalves Ferreira Copati, Felipe de Oliveira Dias, and Manoel Coelho dos Santos. "Tomato breeding for disease resistance." Multi-Science Journal 3, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33837/msj.v3i3.1287.
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In the genetic breeding of tomatoes, not only productivity, but also factors related to fruit quality and pest and disease management are taken into account. In this context, diseases stand out, since they are the main bottlenecks for successful cultivation. Currently, the search for more sustainable crops has demanded from producers’ alternatives to disease control to reduce the use of pesticides. Among the diseases that most reduce tomato production in Brazil, whether for table or industry, we can mention late blight, black spot, fusarium wilt, viruses, bacterial and nematode diseases. Genetic resistance, obtained by genetic breeding programs, is one of the best tools to deal with diseases to depend less on pesticides. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of tomato breeding programs in terms of resistance to the main diseases that affect this crop.
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DHALIWAL, Harcharan S., and Hirofumi UCHIMIYA. "Genetic Engineering for Disease and Pest Resistance in Plants." Plant Biotechnology 16, no. 4 (1999): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.16.255.
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Raman, K. V., and David W. Altman. "Biotechnology initiative to achieve plant pest and disease resistance." Crop Protection 13, no. 8 (December 1994): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(94)90004-3.
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Nichols, P. G. H., R. A. C. Jones, T. J. Ridsdill-Smith, and M. J. Barbetti. "Genetic improvement of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). 2. Breeding for disease and pest resistance." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 11 (2014): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14031.
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Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is the most widely sown pasture legume in southern Australia and resistance to important diseases and pests has been a major plant-breeding objective. Kabatiella caulivora, the cause of clover scorch, is the most important foliar fungal pathogen, and several cultivars have been developed with resistance to both known races. Screening of advanced breeding lines has been conducted to prevent release of cultivars with high susceptibility to other important fungal foliar disease pathogens, including rust (Uromyces trifolii-repentis), powdery mildew (Oidium sp.), cercospora (Cercospora zebrina) and common leaf spot (Pseudopeziza trifolii). Several oomycete and fungal species cause root rots of subterranean clover, including Phytophthora clandestina, Pythium irregulare, Aphanomyces trifolii, Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani. Most breeding efforts have been devoted to resistance to P. clandestina, but the existence of different races has confounded selection. The most economically important virus diseases in subterranean clover pastures are Subterranean clover mottle virus and Bean yellow mosaic virus, while Subterranean clover stunt virus, Subterranean clover red leaf virus (local synonym for Soybean dwarf virus), Cucumber mosaic virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Clover yellow vein virus, Beet western yellows virus and Bean leaf roll virus also cause losses. Genotypic differences for resistance have been found to several of these fungal, oomycete and viral pathogens, highlighting the potential to develop cultivars with improved resistance. The most important pests of subterranean clover are redlegged earth mite (RLEM) (Halotydeus destructor), blue oat mite (Penthaleus major), blue-green aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi) and lucerne flea (Sminthurus viridis). New cultivars have been bred with increased RLEM cotyledon resistance, but limited selection has been conducted for resistance to other pests. Screening for disease and pest resistance has largely ceased, but recent molecular biology advances in subterranean clover provide a new platform for development of future cultivars with multiple resistances to important diseases and pests. However, this can only be realised if skills in pasture plant pathology, entomology, pre-breeding and plant breeding are maintained and adequately resourced. In particular, supporting phenotypic disease and pest resistance studies and understanding their significance is critical to enable molecular technology investments achieve practical outcomes and deliver subterranean clover cultivars with sufficient pathogen and pest resistance to ensure productive pastures across southern Australia.
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Rajareddy, Gundreddy, Gunturi Alekhya, Kirankumar Reddy Kasa, Gopal Dasari, Kalwala Srikanth Reddy, and Kadapa Sreenivasa Reddy. "Nutrient Strategies for Pest Resilience in Plants: A Review." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 5 (May 22, 2024): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54188.
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Sustainable agriculture plays a vital role in modern farming, addressing concerns of traditional pesticides, which raise issues related to safety, environmental impact, and resistance. Consequently, alternative insect pest management methods, including nutrient-based approaches, have gained prominence. However, understanding the relationship between nutrients and plant diseases remains a complex challenge. This review synthesizes recent insights on the impact of specific nutrients (N, P, K, Mn, Zn, B, Cl and Si) on insect pest resistance in sustainable agriculture. Nitrogen supply has a major impact on insect pest intensity as compared to low nitrogen doses and control, pest populations were high at high levels. Phosphorus (P) has an inconsistent role in resistance. Comprehensive nutrient management in sustainable agriculture offers cost-effective, eco-friendly disease control, reducing pesticide reliance. Potassium (K) enhances resistance to an optimal point, beyond which there is no further improvement. Proper nutrient management can make subsequent control measures more efficient and economical. Understanding the interplay of plant nutrition, insect herbivores, and community dynamics is essential. Balanced nutrient levels, especially potassium and phosphorus, indirectly strengthen plant resistance to various insect pests through biochemical, physical, and mechanical mechanisms. Strategies to enhance plant defense against phytophagous insects align with the demand for food and nutritional security. This review emphasizes the significance of comprehensive nutrient management in sustainable agriculture for disease and pest control while prioritizing food safety and environmental quality.
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Fraser, R. S. S. "Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Protected Crops." Outlook on Agriculture 21, no. 3 (September 1992): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100304.
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Considerable progress has been made in developing integrated pest and disease management strategies for protected crops. Bacteria, nematodes, fungi and insect predators and parasites are used as biological control agents for pests and diseases and are combined with plant breeding for resistance, environmental control and informed intervention with minimal amounts of compatible pesticides. Some crops can already be grown with greatly reduced or no pesticide input. With others there is a need for further research on integrated pest and disease management strategies to develop sustainable systems of crop protection.
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Putra, Oktaviandra, Salfiati Salfiati, and Ediwirman Edi Wirman. "Performance and Pest and Disease Resistance Tests Local Genotype of Lowland Rice." JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA (JUATIKA) 5, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36378/juatika.v5i1.2694.
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Rice is a food commodity with economic value as the main staple to maintain national and global food stability. The need for rice is in genotype with population growth, so it is necessary to increase production and productivity. The development of superior varieties requires genetic resources from local rice genotypes from West Sumatra regions, including Marapulai, Silih Baganti, Bujang Marantau, Hitam Manih, Junjuang, Mundam, Papanai and so on. Information on plant performance tests related to growth, agronomic components, and resistance to pests and diseases of local genotypes of lowland rice is still very limited. The experiment aimed to obtain local genotypes of lowland rice that had the appearance and resistance to pests and diseases. The observed growth and yield components were planting height, number of productive tillers, flowering age, ripening age, panicle length, number of seeds per panicle, number of good seeds per panicle, 1000 grain weight, and dry grain weight per ha. Pest and disease resistance variables are; brown planthopper pests, bacterial leaf blight and blast disease. Observational data were analyzed by F test at 5% level with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5%. Analysis using PC software program Statistix ver 8.0. Collected data are observing pest and disease resistance based on assessment standards from the International Rice Research Institute. Based on the growth and agronomic components of the experiment, Maraplai was one of the genotypes that could be used as a superior variety, with the resistance of brown planthopper biotypes 1, 2 and 3 to making them susceptible. Marapulai local genotype has better growth and yield characteristics, as well as resistance to pests and diseases.
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Wu, Harry X., Cheng C. Ying, and John A. Muir. "Effect of geographic variation and jack pine introgression on disease and insect resistance in lodgepole pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 711–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-081.
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Incidence of western gall rust (Endocronartiumharknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka), stalactiform blister rust (Cronartiumcoleosporioides Arth.), needle cast (Lophodermellaconcolor (Dearn.) Darker), and sequoia pitch moth (Synanthedonsequoiae (Hy. Edwards) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)) attacks were investigated in a lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud, van latifolia Engelm.) provenance–family test plantation located at Red Rock Tree Improvement Station, Prince George, British Columbia. This plantation contains 778 wind-pollinated families from 53 provenances in British Columbia, Alberta, and the Yukon Territory. Pest incidence was assessed in 1993 when the plantation was 21 years old. Provenance had a significant effect on resistance to the four disease and insect attacks. Regression models using latitude, longitude, and elevation as predictors accounted for 38% to 80% of the provenance variation in pest incidence. Geographic patterns of genetic variation in pest resistance essentially followed longitudinal and elevational clines. The most interesting finding is the strong relationship between pest incidence and provenance distance to the western limit of the natural range of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb,): the closer a lodgepole pine provenance is to the edge of jack pine distribution, the higher is its resistance to the pests. We hypothesize that jack pine introgression may have played a significant role in the evolution of pest defense in lodgepole pine. Effective selection and breeding for pest resistance in lodgepole pine may have to look beyond the intraspecific gene pool.
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Liu, Zeci, Huiping Wang, Jianming Xie, Jian Lv, Guobin Zhang, Linli Hu, Shilei Luo, Lushan Li, and Jihua Yu. "The Roles of Cruciferae Glucosinolates in Disease and Pest Resistance." Plants 10, no. 6 (May 30, 2021): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061097.
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With the expansion of the area under Cruciferae vegetable cultivation, and an increase in the incidence of natural threats such as pests and diseases globally, Cruciferae vegetable losses caused by pathogens, insects, and pests are on the rise. As one of the key metabolites produced by Cruciferae vegetables, glucosinolate (GLS) is not only an indicator of their quality but also controls infestation by numerous fungi, bacteria, aphids, and worms. Today, the safe and pollution-free production of vegetables is advocated globally, and environmentally friendly pest and disease control strategies, such as biological control, to minimize the adverse impacts of pathogen and insect pest stress on Cruciferae vegetables, have attracted the attention of researchers. This review explores the mechanisms via which GLS acts as a defensive substance, participates in responses to biotic stress, and enhances plant tolerance to the various stress factors. According to the current research status, future research directions are also proposed.
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Mooney, Daniel F., Scott M. Swinton, Cristian Subía, and Eduardo Peralta. "Returns to Disease Resistance Research When Pest Management Is an Option." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 2859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052859.
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Resistant cultivars offer a pathway to sustainable intensification by maintaining yields and reducing inputs in the face of disease pressure. Past studies of economic returns to crop breeding research for disease resistance measured farm-level benefits, by comparing yields for improved resistant varieties (RVs) to susceptible traditional varieties. This approach will poorly approximate actual research benefits if non-RV pest management options exist, because it does not account for farmer pest control behavior. We propose a unit cost model that controls for farm-level yields and pesticide inputs. The model estimates the difference in unit variable costs (UVC), with and without disease pressure for RV adopters and non-adopters, while holding pest control inputs, farm characteristics, and other factors fixed. We apply the model to data from 136 bean farmer households in northern Ecuador, where RV research is ongoing and fungicide use is widespread. We find no difference in UVC, with and without disease pressure for non-adopters. For adopters, UVC is 24% lower with disease pressure than without. This translates to an ex-post net present value (NPV) of USD 698,828 and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 17%, compared to an NPV of USD 887,391 and IRR of 29%, when accounting for yield differences only. The results oblige impact assessments to account for changes in yields and input costs when pest management is an option.
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Simpson, J. A., and P. K. Ades. "ScreeningPinus radiatafamilies and clones for disease and pest insect resistance." Australian Forestry 53, no. 3 (January 1990): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1990.10676077.
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Kumar, Sandeep, Monika Nehra, Neeraj Dilbaghi, Giovanna Marrazza, Satish K. Tuteja, and Ki-Hyun Kim. "Nanovehicles for Plant Modifications towards Pest- and Disease-Resistance Traits." Trends in Plant Science 25, no. 2 (February 2020): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2019.10.007.
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Chandrashekar, A., and K. V. Satyanarayana. "Disease and pest resistance in grains of sorghum and millets." Journal of Cereal Science 44, no. 3 (November 2006): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2006.08.010.
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Yin, Kangquan, and Jin-Long Qiu. "Genome editing for plant disease resistance: applications and perspectives." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1767 (January 14, 2019): 20180322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0322.
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Diseases severely affect crop yield and quality, thereby threatening global food security. Genetic improvement of plant disease resistance is essential for sustainable agriculture. Genome editing has been revolutionizing plant biology and biotechnology by enabling precise, targeted genome modifications. Editing provides new methods for genetic improvement of plant disease resistance and accelerates resistance breeding. Here, we first summarize the challenges for breeding resistant crops. Next, we focus on applications of genome editing technology in generating plants with resistance to bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. Finally, we discuss the potential of genome editing for breeding crops that present novel disease resistance in the future. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management’.
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Whelan, Christopher J., and Jessica J. Cunningham. "Resistance is not the end: lessons from pest management." Cancer Control 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 107327482092254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073274820922543.
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The “war on cancer” began over 40 years ago with the signing of the National Cancer Act of 1971. Currently, complete eradication has proven possible in early stage premetastatic disease with increasingly successful early detection and surgery protocols; however, late stage metastatic disease remains invariably fatal. One of the main causes of treatment failure in metastatic disease is the ability of cancer cells to evolve resistance to currently available therapies. Evolution of resistance to control measures is a universal problem. While it may seem that the mechanisms of resistance employed by cancer cells are impossible to control, we show that many of the resistance mechanisms are mirrored in agricultural pests. In this way, we argue that measures developed in the agricultural industry to slow or prevent pesticide resistance could be adopted in clinical cancer biology to do the same. The agriculture industry recognized the problem of pesticide resistance and responded by developing and enforcing guidelines on resistance management and prevention. These guidelines, known as integrated pest management (IPM), do not encourage eradication of pests but instead strive to maintain pests, even with the presence of resistant strains, at a level that does not cause economic damage to the crops. Integrated pest management inspired management of metastatic cancer could result in the slowing or curtailing of widespread resistance to treatment, reducing overall drug usage, and increasing the survival and quality of life of patients with cancer. Using IPM principles as a foundation and shifting the goal of treatment of metastatic disease to long-term management will require close monitoring of evolving tumor populations, judicious application of currently available therapies, and development of new criteria of success.
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Starratt, Alvin N., and George Lazarovits. "Increases in Free Amino Acid Levels in Tomato Plants Accompanying Herbicide-Induced Disease Resistance." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 54, no. 3 (March 1996): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pest.1996.0027.
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Voss, Ronald, Kent Brittan, Herb Phillips, Donald Kirby, W. Michael Davis, Warren Gabelman, Irwin Goldman, and Michael Havey. "Field Screening for Onion White Rot Resistance." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 534d—534. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.534d.
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Onion white rot disease (Sclerotium cepivorum) is a serious production problem throughout the world. Very low pathogen level in the soil can cause significant loss. Generic integrated pest management programs include clean seed, site selection, sanitation, crop rotation, biological and chemical controls, crop resistance to the pest, and other components. Onion white rot disease management currently does not have crop resistance as a component. The lack of resistant germplasm and/or the inability to identify and screen potentially resistant germplasm are primary reasons. Research was conducted to determine if field screening for resistance is feasible, to define field screening methodology, and to identify and/or quantify resistance. Disease incidence was inconsistent from year to year. In some years, disease expression was high; in others, disease was low. Uniform pathogen level and disease expression throughout the experimental field were required for successful screening. Results provide evidence that “resistant” or “tolerant” germplasm does exist, and that disease “resistance”, “tolerance”, or “susceptibility” can vary from slight to strong, suggesting multigenic involvement. “Resistance”/”tolerance” was identified in long-day yellow hybrids and inbreds. `Southport White Globe' selections and derivatives had much higher disease susceptibility than yellow or brown skin lines screened.
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Tasma, I. Made. "Aplikasi Teknologi DNA untuk Akselerasi Program Pemuliaan Ketahanan Tanaman Kakao terhadap Hama dan Penyakit Utama." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 35, no. 4 (March 13, 2017): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v35n4.2016.p155-166.
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<p>ABSTRACT<br />One of the main constraints on cacao cultivation is disease and insect pest attacks causing significant yield loss. The main insect pests and diseases on cacao plantation are cacao pod borer, cacao<br />fruit rot, vascular streak dieback and cacao mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Conventional breeding method to obtain new cacao clones resistant to insect pests and diseases is a slow process. It may take 1520 years to obtain a new superior clone. Applying DNA technology should expedite cacao breeding program. The article described the application of DNA technology currently available to expedite cacao breeding program for disease and insect resistance. Many genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of important traits have been discovered related to cacao plant productivity and yield quality, disease and insect pest resistance traits. Modern genomic technologies as well as DNA marker have also been applied in cacao breeding program. Genetic transformation technology has been explored its application for cacao improvement. With the development of modern genomic technology, important gene/QTL discoveries would be faster to accelerate insect pest and disease resistant cultivar development. All these new DNA technologies have been assessed their potential applications for coping important pest and disease and for yield improvement. DNA technologies, mainly MAS and genomic-data based breeding technologies are ready to be applied to support breeding programs for main pest and disease resistance to enhance Indonesian cacao productivity and quality.<br />Keywords: Cacao, disease and insect resistance, genomics, DNA markers, genetic transformation, marker-assisted breeding<br /><br /></p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Salah satu kendala utama dalam budi daya kakao ialah serangan hama dan penyakit. Hama dan penyakit utama kakao adalah penggerek buah kakao (PBK), busuk buah kakao (BBK), vascular streak dieback (VSD), dan cacao mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman kakao secara konvensional berjalan lambat dan perlu waktu panjang. Untuk menghasilkan satu varietas unggul diperlukan waktu 15-20 tahun. Aplikasi teknologi DNA (genomika melalui pemuliaan berbantuan marka dan rekayasa genetik) dapat mempercepat program pemuliaan tanaman kakao. Tulisan ini mengulas teknologi DNA yang tersedia saat ini dan potensi aplikasinya untuk mempercepat pemuliaan kakao tahan hama dan penyakit. Penemuan marka DNA dan gen/quantitative trait loci (QTL) kakao berkembang cukup pesat. Banyak gen dan QTL karakter penting telah diidentifikasi yang terkait ketahanan hama dan penyakit serta produktivitas tanaman. Teknologi genomika dan pemanfaatan teknik marker-assisted selection (MAS) juga telah diaplikasikan untuk pemuliaan kakao termasuk untuk karakter ketahanan terhadap hama dan penyakit. Teknologi rekayasa genetik telah diteliti untuk menganalisis potensi pemanfaatannya dalam perbaikan bahan tanam kakao. Dengan berkembangnya teknologi genomika modern, penemuan gen/QTL unggul dapat dipercepat, lebih efisien dan komprehensif untuk mempercepat perakitan varietas unggul kakao tahan hama dan penyakit. Teknologi DNA khususnya MAS dan pemuliaan berbasis data genom siap diaplikasikan untuk mendukung program perbaikan ketahanan tanaman kakao terhadap hama dan penyakit utama dalam rangka peningkatan produktivitas dan mutu kakao nasional. <br /><br /></p>
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LUCAS, J. A. "Advances in plant disease and pest management." Journal of Agricultural Science 149, S1 (December 22, 2010): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859610000997.
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SUMMARYPests and diseases impact on crop yield and quality, and also reduce resource-use efficiency. Improved crop protection strategies to prevent such damage and loss can increase production and make a substantial contribution to food security. DNA-based technologies are likely to greatly increase the speed, sensitivity and accuracy of pest and pathogen detection and diagnosis. Rapid sequencing of nucleic acids from infected plants will aid identification of novel disease agents. Biomarkers of disease or crop damage such as volatile chemicals or blends may also be used to detect pest outbreaks. Biosensors coupled to information networks will provide real-time monitoring and surveillance of crops or stored produce and hence early warning of emerging problems and new invasive species. Challenges remain in the dissemination of new technologies and information to resource poor farmers in developing countries, although the rapid extension of the internet, mobile phones and other communication networks will provide new opportunities. Defining the genetic and molecular basis of innate plant immunity has been a major advance in plant biology with the potential to identify new targets for intervention via novel chemistry or genetic modification (GM). Identification of regulatory genes, signal molecules, pathways and networks controlling induced plant defence should lead to the development of a new generation of defence modulators, delivered either as crop protection products, or via biological agents on seeds or in the root zone. There should also be opportunities to select more responsive crop genotypes, or to develop transgenic crops tailored to respond to specific chemical cues or molecular patterns diagnostic for particular biotic threats. Sequencing of the genomes of the major crop species and their wild relatives will expand enormously the known gene pool and diversity of genetic resources available for plant breeders to access. It should be possible to identify genomic regions and genes conferring more durable, quantitative resistance to pathogens. The breeding cycle will be accelerated by high-throughput phenotyping and more efficient selection of resistance traits using within-gene markers. GM approaches will facilitate pyramiding (combining) resistance genes with different specificities and modes of action, thereby reducing the risk of directional selection for virulence. Analysis of the genomes of plant pathogens and invertebrate pests is already providing new information on genes, gene families and processes involved in host colonization and pathogenicity. Comparative genomics of species with diverse host ranges, contrasting feeding habits and different pathogenic lifestyles will identify new targets for inhibiting pest attack and aid the development of novel antimicrobial drugs and pesticides. Understanding the natural ecology of pests and pathogens, such as the factors determining host location, resource exploitation and interactions with other organisms, will improve our ability to manipulate behaviour, or exploit natural enemies or other antagonists of pest species. Volatile signals, either from natural plant sources, or engineered in transgenic crops, will be more widely used to modify pest behaviour. It may also be possible to manipulate microbial communities regulating pathogen populations and activity, and thereby recruit and retain more effective biocontrol agents. Insights into the natural diversity and activity of soil and microbial populations in the zones surrounding roots and seeds will provide new information on mechanisms of suppression regulating pest species. Fully effective interventions are unlikely, due to the complexity and diversity of the soil system, but there should be progress towards integrated control regimes combining more resistant crop genotypes (either selected or GM) with targeted management of natural suppressive processes. Harnessing new technologies and knowledge to create more durable resistant crops and sustainable disease and pest management systems will require improved understanding of the factors driving pest and pathogen adaptation and evolution. There must also be an increased emphasis on translational research and delivery, and developing strategies appropriate for lower-input production systems, if the second ‘green revolution’ is to become a reality.
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Rubiales, Diego, Sara Fondevilla, Weidong Chen, Laurent Gentzbittel, Thomas J. V. Higgins, María A. Castillejo, Karam B. Singh, and Nicolas Rispail. "Achievements and Challenges in Legume Breeding for Pest and Disease Resistance." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 34, no. 1-3 (October 24, 2014): 195–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2014.898445.
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Lefebvre, V., and AM Chèvre. "Tools for marking plant disease and pest resistance genes: a review." Agronomie 15, no. 1 (1995): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:19950101.
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KALOSHIAN, ISGOUHI. "GENE-FOR-GENE DISEASE RESISTANCE: BRIDGING INSECT PEST AND PATHOGEN DEFENSE." Journal of Chemical Ecology 30, no. 12 (December 2004): 2419–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-004-7943-1.
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Branch, W. D., and A. K. Culbreath. "Disease and Insect Assessment of Candidate Cultivars for Potential Use in Organic Peanut Production." Peanut Science 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps07-016.1.
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Abstract Interest in organic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production is increasing in the United States. Disease and insect resistant cultivars will be needed to meet the challenge of producing peanuts without conventional pesticides. No-fungicide and no-insecticide field trials were conducted under irrigation four consecutive years (2003–06) at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station to evaluate peanut genotypes for pest resistance. The most important foliar peanut diseases in the southeast are tomato spotted wilt (TSW) caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus and both early and late leafspots caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton, respectively. Two of the most important insect pests on peanut are tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds) and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris). Results from these no-fungicide and no-insecticide field trials showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in pest resistance among advanced Georgia breeding lines and cultivars. Two Georgia cultivars ‘Georgia-01R’ and ‘Georgia-05E’ consistently produced the highest yields and had high levels of resistance to TSW, leafhoppers, and leafspots each year. Georgia-01R is a multiple-pest-resistant, mid-oleic, runner-type cultivar; whereas, Georgia-05E is a multiple-pest-resistant, high-oleic, virginia-type cultivar. Both cultivars should be considered as good candidates for potential use in organic peanut production.
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Gerard, P. J., C. F. Mercer, and B. A. Barrett. "White clover vegetative persistence under pressure: sharpening New Zealand's competitive edge." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 15 (January 1, 2011): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.15.2011.3200.
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White clover is relied upon as a cornerstone of the international competiveness of New Zealand's pastoral sector, despite its vegetative persistence and yield being constrained by pests and diseases. The species' vulnerability has been highlighted by the clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) incursion, and the impact of increased residual pest and pathogen loadings under minimum tillage techniques. Plant breeding with a focus on plant health has made improvements in white clover performance, and there is scope to develop varieties that ensure a more resilient legume component in pastures. An exemplar outcome from this approach is improved vegetative persistence and dry matter yield under nematode and clover root weevil pressure, as shown in field trials of elite breeding material. An enhanced, unified plant breeding and plant health approach can increase the performance and vegetative persistence of white clover. Trait selections to increase resilience and dry matter yield include optimum root architecture; single and multi-gene resistance or tolerance mechanisms; multi-pest defence compounds; and symbiont:clover combinations enabling induced pest and disease resistance. Cost effective and timely plant health assays for plant breeding are essential. Improved breeding strategies will create value on-farm via perennial forage legumes that perform better under pressure from pests. Keywords: white clover, plant breeding, plant genetics, nematode, pest resistance, pest tolerance
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Brotman, Y., L. Silberstein, I. Kovalski, C. Perin, C. Dogimont, M. Pitrat, J. Klingler, G. Thompson, and R. Perl-Treves. "Resistance gene homologues in melon are linked to genetic loci conferring disease and pest resistance." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 104, no. 6 (May 2002): 1055–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-001-0808-x.
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Sniezko, Richard A., Jennifer Koch, Jun-Jun Liu, and Jeanne Romero-Severson. "Will Genomic Information Facilitate Forest Tree Breeding for Disease and Pest Resistance?" Forests 14, no. 12 (December 6, 2023): 2382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14122382.
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Forest trees are beleaguered by the ever-increasing onslaught of invasive pests and pathogens, with some species in danger of functional extinction. Recent successes in developing resistant populations using traditional tree breeding assures that some of the affected species will persist in future forests. However, the sheer number of threatened species requires increases in breeding efficiency. The time is right to consider how the use of genomic resources might aid breeding efforts in the next 20 years. Any operational benefit of genomic resources will be minimal without closer collaboration between tree breeders, forest managers, and genomic researchers. We reflect here on what attributes were responsible for the success of traditional resistance breeding programs and whether advances in genomics can realistically accelerate breeding. We conclude that the use of genomics to directly advance resistance breeding efforts in the next 20 years will be limited. Major obstacles will include factors such as the undomesticated nature of most tree species, the quantitative genetic nature of resistance in many species, and the lack of adequate funding to accelerate and more fully develop genomic resources. Despite these limitations, genomic tools have potential to help increase our understanding of the nature of resistance, and the genetic variability in the host, which can aid in the deployment of resistant populations and may assist in marker-assisted selection, particularly for major gene resistance.
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Stoeckli, Sibylle, Karsten Mody, Silvia Dorn, and Markus Kellerhals. "Association between Herbivore Resistance and Fruit Quality in Apple." HortScience 46, no. 1 (January 2011): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.1.12.
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Enhanced fruit quality, plant health, and productivity are major objectives in apple breeding. The undesirable fruit quality traits frequently associated with pest- and disease-resistant cultivars may be related to resource allocation tradeoffs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between insect resistance and fruit quality in apple. The studied ‘Fiesta’ × ‘Discovery’ apple progeny was characterized by reasonable fruit firmness and optimal sugar content and acidity but small fruit size. There was a positive correlation between codling moth (Cydia pomonella) fruit infestation and fruit firmness. Additionally, a positive correlation was detected between shoot infestation by green apple aphid (Aphis pomi), fruit number as well as sugar content. Infestation by the apple leaf miner moth (Lyonetia clerkella), the rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea), the leaf-curling aphid (Dysaphis cf. devecta), and the apple rust mite (Aculus schlechtendali) was not significantly related to fruit quality traits. The positive relationship of increased infestation by some pest insects and quality-determining fruit characteristics such as firmness or sugar content points to a possibly increased necessity for plant protection measures in apple cultivars producing high-quality fruits. One possible explanation of higher pest infestation in cultivars producing fruits with high quality is a tradeoff between resource allocation to defensive secondary metabolites or to fruit quality. By identifying a relationship between pest infestation and fruit quality, the present study highlights the need to consider pest resistance when breeding for high-quality apple cultivars. The use of genetic markers for fruit quality and pest resistance in marker-assisted breeding may facilitate the combined consideration of fruit quality and pest resistance in apple breeding programs.
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Ghosh, Paramita, Anjanabha Bhattacharya, and Bharat Char. "Manipulating disease and pest resistance pathways in plants for enhanced crop improvement." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 10, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 631–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/10.4/5.
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Amtmann, Anna, Stephanie Troufflard, and Patrick Armengaud. "The effect of potassium nutrition on pest and disease resistance in plants." Physiologia Plantarum 133, no. 4 (August 2008): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01075.x.
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Ngouajio, Mathieu. "Historical Perspective on Weed Control and Pest Management in Horticultural Crops." HortTechnology 15, no. 3 (January 2005): 508–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.3.0508.
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Over the last century, climate change, adoption of new regulations, and changes in cropping systems have significantly impacted weed and pest management in horticultural crops. The objective of this workshop was to provide a critical review of major changes and discuss current and future trends for weed and pest management. Speakers touched on a broad range of topics including climate change and disease dynamics, the use of disease resistance inducers, soil management for pest management, and the role of allelopathy in weed management. Major recommendations included 1) increased grower education related to the impact of climate change on plant diseases; 2) more research directed towards a better understanding of the interaction of plant–pathogen–inducer; 3) use of organic soil amendments, cover crops, crop rotations, and resistant cultivars to enhance the weed and disease suppressive effect of soils; and 4) enhancement of allelochemical production and subsequent weed suppression through conventional breeding and molecular techniques.
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Guan, Wenjing, Xin Zhao, Richard Hassell, and Judy Thies. "Defense Mechanisms Involved in Disease Resistance of Grafted Vegetables." HortScience 47, no. 2 (February 2012): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.2.164.
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Grafting with resistant rootstocks is an effective strategy to manage a variety of soilborne diseases and root-knot nematodes in solanaceous and cucurbitaceous vegetables. In addition, improved resistance to some foliar diseases and viruses has also been reported in grafted plants. Hence, grafting technology is considered an important and innovative practice of integrated pest management and a promising alternative for soil fumigants in vegetable production. Inherent resistance within rootstocks and improved plant nutrient uptake are generally suggested as the main reasons for improved disease control in grafted vegetables. However, increasing evidence indicated that systemic defense mechanisms may also play an important role in plant defense as a result of grafting. This review analyzes current literature on the use of grafting techniques for disease management in vegetable crops, discusses potential mechanisms associated with grafting-conferred plant defense, and identifies needs for future research to promote more effective and efficient use of grafting technology to support sustainable vegetable production.
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Plăcintă, Domnica Daniela, Danela Murariu, and Diana Batîr Rusu. "Study Of Phenotypic Variability of Vicia Faba Germplasm by Using of Varietal Diversity in Mono Cropping and Intercropping Systems." Romanian Agricultural Research 39 (2022): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.59665/rar3919.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic variability of Vicia faba germplasm by using varietal diversity in identifying genotypes with morpho-productive traits, disease and pest resistance, weed infestation, which can be used as a model in the development of genetic mixtures in integrated management practices for environmentally friendly, diseases, pests and weeds. Productivity, disease and pest descriptors at 50 Vicia faba genotypes of different biological status (10 obsolete cultivars, 30 local populations, 10 inbreed lines), were determined, by testing in intercropping experiments with small grain cereals and mono-cropping, in two different climatic years under the northeastern part of Romania conditions. The statistical estimators resulting from the unidirectional Anova analysis determined in mono-cropping and intercropping systems a hierarchy of heterogeneity of local populations for productivity traits and degree of attack of faba bean weevil (Bruchus rufimanus) and ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae) on seeds, for incidence of micromycete Uromyces viciae fabae and of aphids Aphys fabae in intercropping system. There was a weak competition of Vicia faba species, regarding the presence of weeds compared to small grains cereals variants and potentially beneficial for nitrogen symbiotic fixation by increasing oat productivity, in two years of intercropping with faba bean. By using Euclidean distance and Pearson correlation, in classification of genotypes and morpho-productive traits, diseases and pest in clusters from dendograms, similarities were highlighted between productivity and its components and between attacks to diseases and pests and dissimilarities between genotypes, members cluster three with phenotypic variability with maximum values of productivity traits and minimum attacks to disease and pest resistance compared to the other two clusters with possibilities for use in the development of genetic mixtures programs.
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Khan, Anam, Kovvuri Janakadatta Reddy, Lalita Kumar Mohanty, Vivek Kashyap, Amit Kumar Patel, Narinder Panotra, and Shivam Kumar Pandey. "Biological Approaches for Sustainable Pest and Disease Management in Pulse Crops." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 5 (April 8, 2024): 706–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i51990.
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Pulse crops, including lentils, peas, chickpeas, and beans, play a crucial role in addressing global food security and nutritional needs. However, their production is often hampered by various pests and diseases, leading to significant yield losses. Conventional pest and disease management practices, heavily reliant on synthetic chemical pesticides, have raised concerns about environmental sustainability, human health, and the development of resistance in target organisms. In recent years, biological approaches have emerged as promising alternatives for sustainable pest and disease management in pulse crops. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various biological control strategies, including the use of beneficial microorganisms, plant extracts, and other eco-friendly methods. The review discusses the mode of action, efficacy, and potential applications of these approaches in combating major pests and diseases affecting pulse crops. Additionally, it highlights the challenges and future prospects of integrating biological control methods into integrated pest and disease management programs. By adopting these sustainable practices, pulse crop production can be enhanced while minimizing the environmental footprint and promoting long-term ecological balance. The review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, extension specialists, and stakeholders in the agricultural sector, emphasizing the importance of biological approaches in achieving sustainable and resilient pulse crop production systems.
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Shipp, J. L., G. J. Boland, and L. A. Shaw. "Integrated pest management of disease and arthropod pests of greenhouse vegetable crops in Ontario: Current status and future possibilities." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 887–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-130.
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Disease and arthropod pests are a continual problem for greenhouse vegetable production. These problems range from minor infestations to major disease or arthropod pest outbreaks that can destroy an entire crop. In Ontario, in the past, the major management strategy was pesticide control. However, many plant pathogen, insect and mite pests are resistant to registered pesticides and few new pesticides are being developed. Alternative control strategies exist or are being developed for most major pests. This review describes the current status of pesticide, cultural and biological control of disease and arthropod pests of greenhouse vegetables in Ontario and discusses the future possibilities for the integration of pest management practices utilizing plant resistance, nutrition, environment and biological control agents into an expert system approach. Key words: Vegetable (greenhouse) crops, integrated pest management
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Li, Chunjie, Xingxu Zhang, L. I. Author, Zhibiao Nan, and C. L. Schardl. "Disease and pest resistance of endophyte infected and non-infected drunken horse grass." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3099.
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The naturally occurring mutualistic symbiosis of Neotyphodium gansuense and drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians) was studied previously in China. In this paper, new data on the interactions of endophyte, host and pathogenic fungi, mite and insect pests are presented. Fungal diseases and pests were examined when test plants were grown in pots in a climate chamber or in the field. There were usually no significant (P>0.05) differences in the levels of powdery mildew infection (caused by Blumeria graminis) under climate chamber conditions; the only exception was that E+ plants had significantly less powdery mildew infection at 50% soil water holding capacity (WHC) than at 30% WHC. There was no significant difference (P
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Dry, I. B. "RECENT PROGRESS IN UNDERSTANDING THE GENETICS OF PEST AND DISEASE RESISTANCE IN GRAPEVINE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1046 (July 2014): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1046.1.
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Arsi, Arsi, Bambang Gunawan, Suparman Suparman, and Anggita Aulya Trimeiwardani. "Tingkat Serangan Hama dan Penyakit pada Tanaman Hortikultura di Kabupaten Bangka, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung." J-Plantasimbiosa 5, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/jplantasimbiosa.v5i1.2979.
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Pesticides are chemical ingredient used to eradicate and prevent disturbances of insects, rodents, nematodes, fungi, weeds, viruses, bacteria, and micro-organisms which are considered as harmful pests. Excessive use of pesticides can cause pest resistance, pest resurgence, emergence of secondary pests, and environmental pollution. This research aims to evaluate the use of pesticides by farmers in controlling pests and plant diseases of horticultural crops in Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. This research was conducted using interview method followed by direct observations in the interviewed farmers’ fields. The results obtained from interviews and observations indicated that farmers still use synthetic pesticides unwisely in controlling pests and plant diseases of cultivated plants. Farmers still rely on their personal experience of using pesticides rather than science. Most of farmers did not understand the use of pesticides properly and correctly, so they do not understand the economic threshold for using pesticides. In conclusion, farmers still think that the more types of pesticides used, the faster the control of pests and diseases show good results. Thus, it is necessary to give extension to farmers about the use of pesticides, so that farmers can understand how to use pesticides wisely and precisely in the future. Pest and disease species that attack horticultural crops are 13 pest species and 11 disease species.
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Wyenandt, Christian A., Steven L. Rideout, Beth K. Gugino, Margaret T. McGrath, Kathryne L. Everts, and Robert P. Mulrooney. "Fungicide Resistance Management Guidelines for the Control of Tomato Diseases in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast Regions of the United States." Plant Health Progress 11, no. 1 (January 2010): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2010-0827-01-mg.
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Foliar diseases and fruit rots occur routinely on tomato, an important crop grown throughout the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast regions of the United States where it is produced for both fresh-market and processing. To enable these tomato growers to more effectively manage economically important diseases, a fungicide resistance management table has been developed which promotes the importance of understanding FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee) codes and provides an integrated pest management tool for tomato growers which will allow them to develop season-long disease control programs with an emphasis on fungicide resistance management. Accepted for publication 19 July 2010. Published 27 August 2010.
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Fedak, G. "Molecular aids for integration of alien chromatin through wide crosses." Genome 42, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 584–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-046.
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Wide crosses in wheat have now been performed for over 100 years. In that time, approximately 100 genes have been transferred for numerous traits, including biotic and abiotic stresses and value-added traits. Resistance genes from alien sources do become defeated with time, so the search for additional variability must continue. Recent screening of alien species has identified accessions with multiple pest resistance plus combinations of pest resistance and value-added traits. The majority of existing induced recombinants are of a noncompensating type with considerable linkage drag, so sequential useage of Ph mutants is recommended to produce smaller interstitial recombinants. Molecular methods, including GISH, RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, and microsatellites, are being widely used to identify integrated alien chromosomes, chromosome segments, and genes.Key words: Triticum aestivium, molecular markers, disease resistance, gene introgression, interspecific hybrids.
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Okeke, P., J. Luka, and G. I. Yina. "An overview of insecticide usage and resistance of insect vector to insecticide: An implication to public health." Journal of Public Health and Diseases 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jphd2021.109.
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Insecticides are highly effective when optimally implemented and crop damage from insect pest infestations and diseases transmitted by insect vectors often result in serious consequences, warranting the need to use insecticides. The main strategy for the elimination of insect vectors is the use of chemical insecticides. Since its discovery, chemical insecticides have represented the most widely method used to control insect vectors and insect pests. The use of insecticides has helped to reduce insect-borne diseases. However, despite their benefits, insecticides pose potential danger to public health when inappropriately handled. Almost all public health insecticide classes and nearly 90% of all insecticides worldwide are used for agricultural purposes. The insecticide resistance development in disease vectors are as a result of selection pressure due to agrochemicals and this occur in places where pesticides are more frequently applied, indiscriminately used and misused. Despite increasing concern about overuse and misuse of insecticides in developing countries, insecticide is still intensively used and the massive use of these chemicals have caused detrimental effects on the agroecosystem, such as the acquisition of resistance, pest resurgence/replacement, and environmental pollution. Insecticide resistance may increase insect’s vectorial capacity, which may lead to a dramatic increase in the transmission of the disease and even to a higher prevalence than in the absence of insecticides. Disease control failure, however follow from vector control failure. Increase in diseases transmission, mortality, injury to the crop and potential losses in crop production, disruption of biological control programmes and increase in management costs for additional chemical controls to prevent further injury are the consequences of insect resurgence, replacement and or resistance.
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Naik, Prashant R., C. N. Hanchinamani, Indiresh, K. M., Sandyarani Nishani, Arvindkumar J. S., Shivanada Hongal, and Amruta Bhat. "Evaluation of Bitter Gourd Genotypes for Pest and Diseases Incidence Under Natural Condition." Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 10, no. 1 (February 15, 2024): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajsspn/2024/v10i1217.
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Bitter goourd or bitter melon botanically Momordica charantia L. is susceptible to many pest and diseases are now days challenge in its cultivation. So in the present study elucidate the incidence of pest (Fruit fly) and disease (mildews) of bitter gourd. The experiment was conducted under northern dry zone of Karnataka. Fifty six bitter gourd genotypes was under study but none of them shows resistance but the severity various with genotypes. Genotypes exhibit powdery mildew incidence from moderately susceptible (20.89%) to highly susceptible (66.67%) and downy mildew. Genotype ABG-DG-T-1 showed lower infestation for fruit fly (12.90%) and downy mildew (32.00%) among all the genotypes under study.
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Teissedre, Pierre-Louis. "Composition of grape and wine from resistant vines varieties." OENO One 52, no. 3 (August 3, 2018): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2018.52.3.2223.
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Obtaining resistant varieties to diseases without loss of organoleptic quality is a real challenge for oenology. Inter-specific hybridization of grapevines began in the 19th century and was initially aimed at introducing pest and disease resistance in offspring. Later, several breeding programmes implemented worldwide led to the development of varieties showing different characteristics such as cold-hardiness, short/long growing season, and pest resistance. Vitis vinifera grapes have preferred flavour characteristics for wine production, but they tend to be susceptible to pests, diseases, and extreme temperatures; species native to North America and East Asia are generally better adapted to these stressors. But these wild species tend to be low yielding and produce wines with undesirable sensory characteristics, including high acidity, low astringency, and excessive herbaceous or undesirable aromas. To be an innovative revolution during the 21st century, resistant varieties (actual and future) should be tested in different contexts for 3 major points: (i) vines can produce grapes without pesticides; (ii)
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Wilson, Kenneth, and Robert I. Graham. "Transgenerational effects modulate density-dependent prophylactic resistance to viral infection in a lepidopteran pest." Biology Letters 11, no. 3 (March 2015): 20150012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0012.
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There is an increasing appreciation of the importance of transgenerational effects on offspring fitness, including in relation to immune function and disease resistance. Here, we assess the impact of parental rearing density on offspring resistance to viral challenge in an insect species expressing density-dependent prophylaxis (DDP); i.e. the adaptive increase in resistance or tolerance to pathogen infection in response to crowding. We quantified survival rates in larvae of the cotton leafworm ( Spodoptera littoralis ) from either gregarious- or solitary-reared parents following challenge with the baculovirus S. littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus. Larvae from both the parental and offspring generations exhibited DDP, with gregarious-reared larvae having higher survival rates post-challenge than solitary-reared larvae. Within each of these categories, however, survival following infection was lower in those larvae from gregarious-reared parents than those from solitary-reared, consistent with a transgenerational cost of DDP immune upregulation. This observation demonstrates that crowding influences lepidopteran disease resistance over multiple generations, with potential implications for the dynamics of host–pathogen interactions.
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Doggalli, Gangadhara, Santhoshinii E, Manojkumar H G, Mitali Srivastava, Ganesh H S, Amruta Barigal, Anithaa V, Arfa Ameen, and Ritama Kundu. "Drone Technology for Crop Disease Resistance: Innovations and Challenges." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 8 (July 23, 2024): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82237.
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Drones have been used for diverse application purposes in precision agriculture and new ways of using them are being explored. Many drone applications have been developed for different purposes such as pest detection, crop yield prediction, crop spraying, yield estimation, water stress detection, land mapping, identifying nutrient deficiency in plants, weed detection, livestock control, protection of agricultural products and soil analysis. Drones can create georeferenced maps that pinpoint the exact location of disease outbreaks within a field. These maps help farmers and agronomists monitor disease progression and plan targeted interventions. Drone operations are highly dependent on weather conditions. High winds, rain, and fog can hinder drone flights and affect the quality of images captured. Addressing technical limitations, regulatory and safety concerns, economic barriers, and data management issues will be crucial for the widespread adoption of drones in agriculture. By overcoming these challenges, drone technology can become a vital tool in sustainable and effective crop disease management.
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Dara, Surendra K. "Non-Entomopathogenic Roles of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Promoting Plant Health and Growth." Insects 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10090277.
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Multiple genera of hypocrealean fungi infect and kill a wide variety of arthropod pests. Several formulations based on these soilborne fungi are commercially available as biopesticides for controlling urban, garden, greenhouse, and agricultural pests. These fungi are an important part of integrated pest management strategies to maintain pest control efficacy, reduce the risk of chemical insecticide resistance, and offer environmentally sustainable pest suppression. While the entomopathogenic or pest management role of these fungi is well documented, several studies in the past decade or two have provided insights into their relationship with plants, soil, and plant pathogens, and their additional roles in promoting plant growth and health. This review highlights these endophytic, mycorrhiza-like, and disease-antagonizing roles of entomopathogenic fungi.
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Sudiarta, I. Putu. "PERANAN PESTISIDA BOTANI DALAM MENDUKUNG PERTANIAN ORGANIK." AGRICA 3, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v3i1.494.
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Until recently the use of synthetic pesticides to control pest and plant diseases proved effective, but on the other hand, the excessive use of synthetic pesticides cause many negative effects, such as the development of pest and disease resistance, second pest explosion, death of natural enemies and pesticide residues in food and environment. One alternative that can be done to solve this problem is the use of botanical pesticides. Botanical pesticides are compounds produced as a plant defence response to disturbances and stimulation. These compounds generally are of secondary metabolites that have many functions, such as growth hormones (Auxin, gibberellins and cytokinins), anti-fungal or anti-bacterial, antibiotics, and toxic to animals and insects. The advantage of botanical pesticides is that they have toxicity similar to synthetic pesticides, but the botanical pesticides can be used to support sustainable organic agriculture. Experiments in the utilization of botanical pesticides to control plant pest have been carried out. One example application is the use of botanical insecticides from “Brotowali” leaf extract (Tinospora crispa) to control the diamond black caterpillars (Plutella xylostella) on cabbage plants. In addition, the use of ‘basil’ oil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) has a real impact in population control of the fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis). In addition to pest control, botanical pesticides are also reported to effectively control plant diseases. Use of ‘galangal’ (Alpinia galanga) and papaya (Carica papaya) has a high ability to inhibit the growth of Ceratocystis sp. On PDA and fruits. The combination of ‘betel’ leaf extract (Piper betle) and ‘galangal’ (A galanga) can suppress the growth of banan wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum and / or the Ralstonia solanacearum. The use of ‘galangal’ (A. Galanga) extract with a concentration of 5%, can also inhibit the growth of stem rot disease (F. oxisporum) on vanilla seedlings. In addition, the use of ‘betel’ ieaf P. Bettle in the field can suppress black rot disease on cocoa pods (cocoa black pd disease)