Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Disease and Health Issues'
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Jeon, Hyoungjoon. "Four epidemics in the U.S. media : agenda-setting of health issues /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144426.
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Poget, Gaël. "Legal aspects of facilitation in civil aviation : health issues." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81228.
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As you probably know, to board the B777-300ERi in Geneva for Anchorage via London, is not just that simple. With your ticket you bought several days before, you come to the airport, check in, pay airport's fees, go through the customs and security checks, walk in the terminal following signs, maybe you stop in the duty free shops, and finally find your gate. By this time, you are ready to board, about one hour after you enter the airport.We will be essentially interested in air law that is why, the purpose of this master's thesis is to consider the legal aspect of facilitation in civil aviation. The term facilitation refers to the process that passengers, crew, luggage, cargo and mail have to go through when they cross borders to fly from a point A to a point B.
Recently, an aspect of facilitation took an outstanding importance: health issues. At the end of last year, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak was a real threat to international civil aviation because passengers (and crews) could have been exposed to an infected person inside the terminal or on board the plane, also, aircrafts were considered a fast vector of this disease through the world. The economic consequences for airlines and airports were very painful.
iBoeing 777-300 Extended Range.
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Paquin, Leo Joseph. "Ethical issues raised by the SARS outbreak in Toronto." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98568.
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was first recognized in Guangdong Province, China, in November 2002. Subsequent to its introduction to Hong Kong in mid-February 2003, the virus spread to more than 30 countries infecting over 8,000 individuals across five continents. Toronto was particularly affected and SARS's outbreak there resulted in the emergence of five ethical issues in the following areas: isolation and quarantine, privacy and personal information, professional duty of care, collateral damage and the WHO's SARS-related Travel Advisory for Toronto. In what follows each of these issues will be explored in depth.
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Karuvelil, John V. "Justice issues in basic health care and the challenge of genetic medicines: A Catholic perspective for the Indian context." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104407.
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Thesis advisor: James F. KeenanReviewing the current health care system in India which is grossly inadequate and inefficient, inaccessible and inequitable, this dissertation discusses the relevance of the principles of social justice such as equity, the common good and distributive justice, and the imperatives of social justice such as the option for the poor, subsidiarity, participation and solidarity and argues that a health care system informed and guided by these principles will be more effective, equitable and accessible to people. In addition to examining the numerous challenges faced by the primary health care system in the country, I also examine the many ethical challenges raised by the development of gene therapies in the country and suggest that the same principles of social justice offer guidelines to frame policies regarding the practice of them. This dissertation faces of the very complex health care situation in India. About 40% of people in the country have little or no access to basic health care because of poverty, abysmally low spending on health care by the government, neglect of basic health care facilities, and lack of social security measures like health insurance. However, the government in its effort to boost the country's GDP is making an all-out effort to promote health tourism in the country by investing in super specialty hospitals and in high-end medicines like gene therapy. The government also has been promoting and encouraging private investments in the sector, especially in setting up super-specialty hospitals and in the use of high-end medicines such as gene therapy. In an effort to boost health tourism and to earn greater foreign exchange, the government has drafted its industrial policies for the last three decades, encouraging private, for-profit health care sector. Substantial tax deductions and subsidies are provided to the private sector to allure private investment in the sector. However, in the process, the government has neglected primary health care centers that have been the primary source of health care for the poor and the underprivileged sections of people. In spite of announcing new policies in health care with high promises of programs and initiatives for the poor, women and children, the resource allocation to the sector betrays all promises. The administrative, structural, political and social anomalies, especially corruption at all levels, absenteeism among health care personnel, medical malpractices, a lack of political will, vision and transparency, poor allocation of funds, lack of monitoring and evaluation systems, etc., have crippled the health care system. It is in this context that I argue that the principles of social justice and its imperatives should inform and direct the government in its effort to provide health care in the country. These principles and imperatives should inform and direct not only provisions for basic health care but also the production and use of genetic medicines. A health care system that is based on equity, the common good, distributive justice, subsidiarity, solidarity and participation, that promotes health and meets the health care needs of all in an equitable way, irrespective of the socio-economic disparities that prevails, is the need of the hour in India
Thesis (STD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry
Discipline: Sacred Theology
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Begum, Romiza. "Interpretative and methodological issues in the meta-analysis of cholesterol lowering trials." Thesis, University of Kent, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360984.
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Karnes, Kathryn O'Neill. "What’s the Story? Framing of Health Issues by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Major Newspapers: A Qualitative Analysis." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_theses/36.
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This qualitative analysis of the framing of health issues by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one of the world’s premier health organizations, and by major U.S. newspapers analyzes the frames present in a sample of the CDC’s press releases, and the frames present in the contemporaneous (and often resulting) press coverage. This study focuses on communication surrounding public health events that occurred in the six-year period 2002–2007.
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Karnes, Kathryn O'Neill. "What's the story? framing of health issues by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and major newspapers : a qualitative analysis /." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151302/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Leonard Teel, committee chair; Kathryn Fuller-Seeley, Holley Wilkin, committee members. Electronic text (158 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 18, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-158).
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Singh, Anumeha. "Condoms, Sex, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Exploring Controversial Issues Among Asian-Indian College Students." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc//view?acc_num=ucin1186971851.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.Advisor: Dr. Keith A. King. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Mar. 28, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Sexually Transmitted Disease; Sex Education; Asian Indian; College Students; Perceived Barriers; Perceived Susceptibility. Includes bibliographical references.
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SAVIO, L. DEL. "PRIVATE CHOICES, PUBLIC ISSUES. THE ETHICS OF HEALTH POLICY IN THE FACE OF DIET RELATED DISEASES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/234130.
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The epidemic of diet related disease is a fundamental fact of epidemiology that our societies are increasingly facing. It calls for policy responses and amendments of our systems of health care. These actions and reforms intersect several loci of moral and political disagreement in the public sphere: the acceptability of public paternalism, the appropriate consideration of personal responsibility in health care and the moral and political significance of social health inequalities. I offer a treatment of these three broad normative issues in order to inform discussions about appropriate responses to diet related diseases. (1) I argue that antipaternalism is overstated if not understood in welfarist terms: within the latter framework, evidence for poor capability in dietary choices is a sound reason for intervention. (2) I distinguish distributive and efficiency concerns regarding personal responsibility for health, arguing that there is no defensible conception of the former. (3) I dismiss efforts to understand the moral importance of social health inequalities in terms of health entitlements and reject investment-like approaches to inequalities framed in terms of “equality of opportunity”: the fight against health inequalities is vivified by a renewed interest in the social goods attached to robust socio-economic egalitarianism. Together, these three theses lead away from policies focused on individuals, their responsibility and their productive importance for society and support both public health interventions on the environment where people live and continuous defense of traditional unconditional health care provision.
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Jones, Lesley E. "Defining Time in black and white a study of four issues of Time magazine, their coverage of Africa, and their use of philanthropic language /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/jones.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009.Additional advisors: Bruce McComiskey, Daniel Siegel, Erin Wright. Description based on contents viewed June 5, 2009; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-96).
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Findlay, Racquel. "Changing behaviors : HIV prevention issues with African American women ages 19 to 27." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2003. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/316.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Social Work
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Clark, W. Andrew, and Eileen M. Cress. "Nutritional Issues and Positive Living in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2495.
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Key Points: (1) Nutrition management for individuals infected with HIV can be helpful in maintaining lean body weight, combating oxidative stress, reducing complications from hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and managing gastrointestinal function. (2) Patients may need to be individualized to meet each individual's unique requirements. (3) Consideration should be given to including the expertise of a registered dietitian/nutritionist s part of the health care team to promote wellness in the individuals infected with HIV.
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Baum, Matthew L. "Ethical issues in the bioprediction of brain-based disorder." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9978211b-5b61-4dba-bbba-157239664b2c.
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The development of predictive biomarkers in neuroscience is increasingly enabling bioprediction of adverse behavioural events, from psychosis to impulsive violent reaction. Because many brain-based disorders can be thought of as end-states of a long development, bioprediction carries immense therapeutic potential. In this thesis, I analyse issues raised by the development of bioprediction of brain-based disorder. I argue that ethical analysis of probabilities and risk information bioprediction provides is confounded by philosophical and social structures that have, until recently, functioned nominally well by assuming categorical (binary) concepts of disorder, especially regarding brain-disorder. Through an analysis of the philosophical concept of disorder, I argue that we can and ought to reorient disorder around probability of future harm and stratify disorder based on the magnitude of risk. Rejection of binary concepts in favour of this non-binary (probability-based) one enables synergy with bioprediction and circumnavigation of ethical concerns raised about proposed disorders of risk in psychiatry and neurology; I specifically consider psychosis and dementia risk. I then show how probabilistic thinking enables consideration of the implications of bioprediction for two areas salient in mental health: moral responsibility and justice. Using the example of epilepsy and driving as a model of obligations to protect others against risk of harm, I discuss how the development of bioprediction is poised to enhance moral responsibility. I then engage with legal cases and science surrounding a predictive biomarker of impulsive violent reaction to propose that bioprediction can sometimes rightly diminish responsibility. Finally, I show the relevance of bioprediction to theories of distributive justice that assign priority to the worse off. Because bioprediction enables the identification of those who are worse off in a way of which we have previously been ignorant, a commitment to assign priority to the worse off requires development of and equal access to biopredictive technologies.
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De, Azevedo Moreira Reis Marta. "Evaluation of healthcare management issues in the provision of clinincal services for familial breast/ovarian cancer /." St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/728.
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Richards, Justin A. "Evaluating the impact of a sport-for-development intervention on the physical and mental health of young adolescents in Gulu, Uganda - a post-conflict setting within a low-income country." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9632dcfc-94e6-45ac-a4c1-ad63113f9b59.
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Introduction: Physical inactivity is thought to contribute to the emergence of non-communicable diseases in post-conflict settings of low-income countries. Sport-for-development (SfD) organisations in these regions claim to improve the health of programme participants. However, there is a paucity of supporting evidence. I assessed the impact of a voluntary community-based SfD intervention on the physical activity (PA), physical fitness (PF) and mental health (MH) of adolescents in Gulu, Uganda. Methods: The Acholi Psychosocial Assessment Instrument (APAI), standing broad jump (SBJ), multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) and BMI-for-age (BFA) were adapted to the local context. I tested their feasibility and reliability with a repeat-measures design (n=70). A cross-sectional analysis of a random sample was used to assess the local needs and establish the PF and MH of the adolescents reached by the intervention (n=1464). This was also the baseline assessment for the impact evaluation. It comprised a randomised control trial (n=144) nested within a cohort study (n=1400) and triangulated by cross-sectional assessment of PA using accelerometry (n=54). Results: The adapted PF and MH measures demonstrated good intra-tester reliability (ICC>0.75). Adolescents in Gulu predominantly had “healthy” BFA (>90%). They performed better than global norms for the SBJ (p<0.001), but worse for the MSFT (p<0.05). The girls who registered for the intervention had higher PF at baseline (p<0.05) and experienced no significant benefits when compared to the community. The aerobic capacity of the boys intervention group increased relative to the community (p<0.01), but was not significantly different to the trial control group whose PF also improved. The PA results concurred with this finding. Boys in the intervention group experienced a deterioration in MH relative to their peers (p<0.05). Implications: It is feasible to apply rigorous evaluation methods to SfD interventions. Although adolescents in Gulu have poor aerobic capacity, a voluntary programme may not reach those at risk. Interpreting the impact evaluation was limited by a lack of programme development theory, but suggested that opportunities for non-competitive play may confer PF benefit without harming MH. Further investigation is warranted.
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Alberts, Terri Lynn. "Chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome: its relationship to underlying emotional and psychological issues." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1181.
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This post-positivist research study explored the possible relationship between Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (CFIDS) and the presence of underlying psychological and emotional issues. An exploratory design with naturalistic methods of inquiry was utilized to investigate whether the presence, or absence, of these issues had any impact on the overall disease process.
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Sarki, Ahmed M. "Application of disease mapping to a global public health issue in low- and middle-income countries : a case study of hypertension." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/90872/.
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Background: Hypertension is a global public health problem. It is the number one risk factor for mortality and the third leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The burden of the disease is more severe in low- and middle-income countries, where prevalence estimates are projected to increase by 30% over the next decade. This is not surprising owing to the on-going epidemiological transition taking place in these countries, where the interplay between social factors and disease is highly pertinent. However, evidence on the burden of hypertension and its determinants in low- and middle-income countries are limited. The overall aim of this research is to examine the prevalence and status of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries. The definition of hypertension used in this research is blood pressure measurement of ≥140 /90 mmHg (SBP/DBP), the use of antihypertensive medication, or self-reported physician diagnosis of hypertension. Objectives: -To estimate the overall prevalence of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries. -To examine the socio-demographic determinants of hypertension in low- and middle-income settings. -To examine the geographic variation of hypertension prevalence in selected low-and middle-income countries. -To interpret the findings and discuss their implications for practice/policy and future research. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide overall and regional estimates of hypertension prevalence across low- and middle-income countries, and to examine patterns of the disease across different socio-demographic characteristics in these settings. Studies reporting hypertension prevalence in low- and middle-income countries were sought from electronic databases and grey literature. The data from these studies were analyzed using random-effects meta-analyses and sub-group analyses. Secondary data analyses of DHS datasets were also conducted to estimate hypertension prevalence and examine its geographic variation in selected low- and middle-income countries with hypertension data, while accounting for a number socio-demographic characteristics. The secondary data analyses entailed logistic regression and Bayesian geo-additive analyses. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported for the logistic regression analyses, whereas posterior odds ratios with 95% credible intervals were reported for the Bayesian geo-additive analyses. Results: The systematic review included 242 studies, comprising 1,494,609 adults from 45 countries. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 32.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.4–35.3) with the Latin America and Caribbean region reporting the highest prevalence (39.1%, 95% CI 33.1–45.2). Prevalence was also highest in upper-middle income countries (37.8%, 95% CI 35.0–40.6) and lowest in low-income countries (23.1%, 95% CI 20.1–26.2). Prevalence among adults ≥65 years was substantially higher than adults < 65 years; however, there was no significant sex-difference overall (31.9% vs 30.8%, p=0.6). Prevalence was generally higher among the non-educated compared to educated people (49.0% vs. 24.9%, p < 0.05), among overweight/obese persons compared to normal weight (46.4% vs. 26.3%, p < 0.05), and among urban settlers compared to rural (32.7% vs 25.2%, p=0.0005). Meta-regression showed that combined overweight/obesity (p < 0.05) and being uneducated (p < 0.05) significantly accounted for between-study heterogeneity in hypertension rates The secondary analysis comprised data on 93,247 respondents in 10 selected countries (Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Egypt, Morocco, Lesotho, Senegal and Maldives). The prevalence of hypertension was lowest in Morocco (5.4%) and highest in Albania (22.7%). Age was the most consistent predictor of hypertension. Being employed was protective in the Eastern European countries (Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan) (p < 0.05 for each) and in African countries such as Egypt and Senegal (p < 0.05 for each). Education was protective in Egypt, Senegal and Maldives (p < 0.05 for each), but may be a strong determinant in Lesotho given the extremely high literacy rates in the country. Examining the geographic variation of hypertension revealed that Tirana and Elbasan districts had the highest burden of hypertension compared to other districts in Albania; Sharkia and Kalyoubia districts had the highest burden of hypertension compared to other districts in Egypt; while Quthing and Maseru districts had the highest burden of hypertension in Lesotho. Conclusion: Overall, the findings provide contemporary and up-to-date estimates that reflect the significant burden of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries and evidence that hypertension remains a major public health issue in these settings. The findings also suggest that addressing the wider social determinants of hypertension, such as illiteracy and unemployment, may reduce overall prevalence of the disease in low- and middle-income countries.
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Lindkvist, Cecilia. "Faktorer förknippade med alkoholmissbruk." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12614.
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Bakgrund: Alkoholkonsumtionen ökar i världen idag. Den ökade alkoholkonsumtionen leder till sociala, ekonomiska och medicinska svårigheter. Konsumtionen av alkohol beräknas leda till 3,3 miljoner dödsfall årligen. Många allvarliga sjukdomstillstånd förekommer till följd av alkoholkonsumtion och samtidigt växer många barn upp i dysfunktionella miljöer som leder till psykisk ohälsa och alkoholproblem senare i livet. Alkoholen bidrar också till olyckor, våld och kriminalitet. Alkohol klassas som ett av de större folkhälsoproblemen idag och är en stor utgiftsbörda för samhället. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att genom granskning av tidigare gjorda studier undersöka faktorer associerade med alkoholmissbruk bland vuxna svenska män och kvinnor över 18 år. Metod: Genom en litteraturöversikt har 10 vetenskapliga artiklar genomgått analys och sammanställts till ett resultat som besvarar syftet med studien. Resultat: Resultaten visar att miljö, ko-morbiditet (samsjuklighet), psykisk ohälsa, socioekonomi, sociodemografi och biologiska faktorer är avgörande vad gäller att utveckla alkoholproblem bland vuxna svenskar över 18 år. Slutsats: Resultatet från litteraturöversikten visade att faktorer som hörde samman med uppväxtmiljö, komorbiditet, ärftlighet, psykisk hälsa, socioekonomiska- och sociodemografi hade betydelse för utvecklandet av alkoholmissbruk. Interventioner med bevisad effekt på minskad alkoholkonsumtion ansågs vara behjälpliga för att komma tillrätta med alkoholmissbruket.
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Larsson, Malin. "Indoor Environmental Factors and Chronic Diseases in Swedish Pre-School Children : Risk factors and methodological issues investigated in a longitudinal study on airway diseases and autism spectrum disorder." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för hälsa och miljö, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6485.
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Asthma and allergies have increased considerably during the past 40-50 years. Along with this increase, a heightened awareness regarding different neuro-developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder has occurred and it has been proposed that such disorders are also on the increase. It has been suggested that environmental factors, especially in the indoor environments, may be associated with the increase in these disorder, especially among children, who spend more than 90% of their time indoors. The aim of this thesis has been to investigate certain environmental factors in homes and their impact on children’s health, in terms of asthma, rhinitis, eczema as well as autism spectrum disorders, and to identify certain methodological difficulties in epidemiological investigations. We found that the mean incidence rate per year for doctor diagnosed asthma was in the range of 0.6-2.4% and for incidence of rhinitis 1.1-3.7%. The incidence rate of eczema ever was 2.7%. These results showed that when using a cohort established after birth the estimated incidence rates are strongly dependent of how the baseline population’s health and how the studied health outcome at follow up is defined. Our results showed that the associations between parental reported moisture problems in the home and asthma in children that were revealed in cross-sectional analyses decreased or disappeared when longitudinal data were used on the same data set. Our results therefore indicate that associations between parental reported moisture problems and asthma from cross-sectional questionnaire studies should be interpreted with caution due to the risk for reporting bias. Our results show that children who were living in homes with PVC-flooring in the bedroom in early childhood were more likely to develop asthma during the following 5-year period when compared with children living in homes without such flooring material. A similar association could be seen for children with autism spectrum disorder, where PVC-flooring in early childhood was associated with more reports of autism spectrum disorder five years later. These results indicate that building materials including suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals such as phthalates might be of importance for the development of these chronic diseases. Further studies are needed to explore the early life exposure and the mechanisms and contribution of phthalates for the development of chronic diseases.Appendix A (en undersökning) och Appendix B (en undersökning)finns i den tryckta versionen av avhandlingen
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Smith, Derek Richard. "Dermatological and musculoskeletal disorders of nursing home workers in Australia, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2003. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001510/.
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Although skin disease and musculoskeletal disorders are believed to be common among nursing home workers, to date there have been no coordinated international studies of these occupational issues. Therefore, it was considered appropriate to conduct one of the first cross-cultural investigations of occupational dermatology and ergonomic complaints among nursing home workers in Australia, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan using a standardised methodology. This thesis documents a 4-year investigation of skin disease and musculoskeletal disorders conducted among 465 nursing home staff in Australia, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Skin diseases were diagnosed by specialist physicians during medical examinations, while information on musculoskeletal disorders was collected by means of a self-reported questionnaire. There were major differences in both the location and type of skin disease between the 4 groups. Overall, the Australian group suffered a generally higher prevalence of skin disease than in the other three countries investigated, most likely due to their significantly higher rate of sun-induced skin damage. The high prevalence of cutaneous fungal disease seen within the Taiwanese subjects most probably arose from the comparatively higher temperature and relative humidity of Taiwan. Other potentially important skin disease risk factors included previous skin disease and a history of allergy, both of which are consistent with current knowledge. Although musculoskeletal disorders were found to be most prevalent among the Japanese nursing home staff at almost all body sites, the reasons for this are not clear. It may have related to a generally higher musculoskeletal rate, or a higher degree of self-reporting on their questionnaires. Individual MSD risk factors included moving patients, washing patients, working as an assistant nurse and daily alcohol consumption. Interestingly, MSD was found to be a co-factor for current skin disease. Overall, this study indicated that certain occupational health issues consistently affect nursing home staff in the 4 countries, but the prevalence and rank order varies from nation to nation. It was also shown that nursing home work incurs a reasonable degree of risk and that skin disease and musculoskeletal disorders are important occupational issues within these facilities.
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Whiteley, Harold L. (Harold Lee). "A Comparison of Knowledge and Attitudes between Directors of Athletics and Head Trainers in the Southwest and Southland Conferences Regarding HIV-transmission Issues in Athletics." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278430/.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare knowledge and attitudes of directors of athletics and head trainers in the Southwest (Division 1A) and the Southland (Division 1AA) Conferences concerning HIV/AIDS issues related to transmission, prevention, and protection within college athletics programs. The results of this qualitative study provided descriptive data from university administrators within the athletics setting who are responsible for providing adequate student athlete health care services from developed and implemented administrative policies that directly or indirectly affect a student athlete's physiological and psychological well-being.
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Cohen, Sarah. "Apport et utilisation des bases de données médico-administratives dans l’étude des problématiques émergentes chez les patients adultes atteints de cardiopathie congénitale Administrative health databases for addressing emerging issues in adults with CHD: a systematic review Accuracy of claim data in the identification and classification of adults with congenital heart diseases in electronic medical records Exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation from cardiac procedures and malignancy risk in adults with congenital heart disease." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB228.
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Les cardiopathies congénitales (CC) sont les plus fréquentes des malformations congénitales et concernent près de 1% des naissances. Grâce aux progrès considérables de la cardiologie pédiatrique et de la chirurgie cardiaque, 90% des enfants nés avec une CC atteignent désormais l'âge adulte. Mais ces « survivants » ne sont pas guéris. Un certain nombre de complications, cardiaques et extracardiaques, attendues ou non, et de problématiques spécifiques émergent, justifiant une consommation de soins grandissante. Le besoin d’études en population a motivé l’analyse secondaire de données médico-administratives dans diverses régions du globe. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les conditions d’utilisation des bases de données médico-administratives (BDMA) et leurs applications possibles pour mieux comprendre les enjeux émergents de cette population nouvelle d’adultes avec CC (ACC). La première partie de ce travail a été de décrire de manière systématique toutes les études ayant utilisé des BDMA pour explorer spécifiquement les problématiques des patients ACC. Cette revue a montré l’intérêt de ces bases de données dans le domaine des ACC, les effectifs importants permettant d’étudier des maladies relativement rares et la disponibilité de données exhaustives sur de longues périodes d’observation autorisant l’étude de certaines complications cardiaques ou extracardiaques de survenue parfois différée chez ces patients. En France, les bases de données administratives de remboursement utilisent la Classification internationale des Maladies, dixième révision (CIM-10) dont la fiabilité pour repérer les ACC et les pathologies qui leur sont associées est inconnue dans ce contexte. La deuxième partie de ce travail avait donc pour objectif d’étudier la performance de la CIM-10 pour identifier et classer des patients ACC au sein de l’entrepôt de données de l’hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou disposant d'une unité dédiée aux ACC. La troisième partie de cette thèse rapporte un exemple concret de l’utilisation des BDMA. A partir des données de la Québec Congenital Heart Disease Database issue des BDMA du Québec, notre objectif était d’évaluer l’association entre l’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants provenant de procédures cardiaques et la survenue de cancer chez les ACC. En effet, l’amélioration de l’espérance de vie des patients avec CC et l’augmentation du recours aux modalités d’imagerie cardiaque irradiante, font craindre un effet carcinogène potentiel à long terme. Bien qu’elles n’aient pas été conçues à des fins de recherche, ce travail de thèse montre que les BDMA sont un outil particulièrement pertinent pour générer de nouvelles connaissances sur les patients ACC de par l’exhaustivité des informations disponibles, la possibilité de produire de grands échantillons et de permettre un suivi longitudinal sur de longues périodes d'observation. L’exploitation des dossiers médicaux électroniques par des méthodes de fouilles de texte pourrait alors permettre de développer et valider des algorithmes pour identifier les cas de CC dans les BDMA. En France, bien que des efforts aient été déployés pour créer un programme de collaboration multicentrique efficace, il n’existe à l’heure actuelle aucune donnée épidémiologique d’envergure concernant l’ensemble des ACC. L’analyse secondaire de ressources existantes, telles que le Système National des Données de Santé, permettrait d’établir la cohorte nationale d’ACC et d’analyser leur parcours de soins afin d’orienter au mieux l’allocation des ressourcesCongenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most common types of birth defects and affect approximately 1% of births. Ninety percent of children born with CHD reach now adulthood thanks to improvements of pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery. These "survivors" are not definitively cured. They are prone to cardiac or extra cardiac complications and specific issues that justify an increase in consumption of healthcare. The need for population-based studies worldwide has led to secondary analyses of administrative medical databases (AMD). The objective of this thesis was to study the conditions of use of the AMD and their possible applications, specifically to understand the emerging issues of this new adult population with CHD (ACHD). The first part of this work was to systematically describe all the studies that had used AMD to specifically explore the issues of ACHD patients. This review showed the value of these databases in the field of ACHD: the large numbers of patients allows studying relatively rare diseases and the availability of comprehensive data over long periods of follow-up enables to study cardiac and extra cardiac complications even when the occurrence is delayed. In France, claim databases use the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10), the reliability of which is still largely unknown in this context. The second part of this work was therefore to study the performances of ICD-10 to identify and classify ACHD patients in the data warehouse of the Georges Pompidou European Hospital which has a dedicated specialized ACHD Unit. The third part of this thesis reported a concrete example of the use of AMD. Based on the Quebec Congenital Heart Disease Database derived from Quebec’s AMD, our goal was to evaluate the association between exposure to ionizing radiation from cardiac procedures and the risk of cancer in ACHD. Indeed, the improvement in the life expectancy of patients with CHD and the increasing use of cardiac imaging modalities using ionizing radiations may have a carcinogenic effect in the long term. Although not designed for research purposes, this thesis showed that AMD are a particularly relevant tool for generating new knowledge about ACHD patients through the comprehensiveness of information, the possibility of extracting large samples of patients with a longitudinal follow-up over long periods of observation. The exploitation of electronic medical records through text mining methods could then be used to develop and validate algorithms to identify CHD patients in AMD. In France, although efforts have been made to create an effective multi-center collaborative program, there is currently no significant epidemiological data for all ACHDs. Secondary analysis of existing resources, such as the National Health Data System, would establish the national ACHD cohort and analyze their care pathway in order to guide healthcare resources allocation
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Sanderson, Saskia Catherine. "Genetic testing for complex disease susceptibility : psychological issues." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445041/.
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The aim of this research was to provide empirical evidence on psychological issues relevant to the potential clinical utility of genetic tests for susceptibility to complex diseases. The results of such tests could increase motivation to change health behaviours but could also be misinterpreted, causing psychological distress on the one hand, and complacency on the other. The research comprised three studies which addressed: public interest in genetic testing the psychological impact of genetic testing and the impact of genetic testing on health behaviours. Study 1 (n= 1,960) utilised questions included in the Office for National Statistics omnibus survey to examine the level of public interest in taking genetic tests. Two thirds of respondents expressed interest in taking genetic tests for two complex diseases, cancer and heart disease, and there was greatest interest among people with intermediate levels of educational attainment. Study 2a-c (n= 1,024) was a postal questionnaire survey conducted in Oxfordshire, using a 2x2 (cancer vs heart disease x leaflet vs no leaflet) experimental design. Study 2a examined the effects of the leaflet on attitudes, and found that interest in genetic testing was higher amongst respondents who received the leaflet, as was subjective understanding of genetic testing. Study 2b provided support for the hypothesis that vulnerable people may self-select themselves out of genetic testing, by showing that anticipated reactions were associated with interest in genetic testing. Study 2c looked at responses amongst the smokers in the sample, and found that smokers who were more motivated to quit were more likely to be interested in genetic testing, and that smokers with lower understanding and educational attainment were more likely to believe that receiving a lower-risk genetic test result would make them feel that it would be safe for them to carry on smoking. The findings from these studies were used to feed into the design and interpretation of Study 3 (n=61), an exploratory study in which smokers were randomly allocated to receive genetic test results for a gene associated with lung cancer susceptibility (GSTM 1) or a control group, and followed up for two months. The results from Study 3 suggested that the process of genetic testing could increase motivation to quit smoking, but that the genetic test result itself may have relatively little impact. It is hoped that this research contributes to the current debate about how the clinical utility of emergent genetic tests for susceptibility to complex diseases might be evaluated in future research.
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Banerjee, Amitava. "Neglected issues in the epidemiology of vascular disease." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f9a75fa8-fc0e-4c00-9a09-fc2192c68ae0.
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Vascular disease is the leading cause of global disease burden, but substantial gaps in our knowledge regarding family history of vascular disease, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and acute aortic disease persist. Prospective, population-based data in these neglected areas may be useful in diagnosis, risk prediction, prognosis and clinical management of vascular disease. The Oxford Vascular Study (OXVASC) is an ongoing prospective, population-based study of vascular disease in all territories in Oxfordshire, UK, which started in 2002. The study population comprises all 91,106 individuals registered with nine general practices. Multiple overlapping methods of “hot” and “cold” pursuit are used to identify all patients with acute vascular events. I have shown that patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and a history of myocardial infarction (MI) in both parents are 6 times more likely to have siblings with MI than those ACS patients with no parental history of MI, whereas, parental stroke does not predict stroke in siblings among TIA/stroke patients. Maternal history of MI is more common in women than men with ACS. Premature maternal MI is strongly associated with premature MI in females and males. I have also shown that maternal stroke is more common than paternal stroke in female ACS patients, and that family history of stroke is as common in patients with ACS as in patients with TIA/stroke. However, I showed that these associations between family history and MI or stroke cannot be explained by disease localisation or disease severity on coronary angiography. In both primary and secondary prevention settings, PAD indicates a high risk of future events. I have shown that, although acute PAD events account for only 7% of acute vascular events at 1 year, they account for 12% of acute vascular deaths. Acute peripheral arterial events are more aggressive in terms of risk factor profile, mortality and morbidity than other vascular disease. Half of patients with incident PAD had history of vascular disease. Incidence and severity of PAD events generally increases with age, and severity of disease predicts mortality. I have shown that incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA) and aortic dissection increased steeply with age, and 5-year mortality rates were 74% and 65% for RAAA and aortic dissection respectively. I have also shown that the true population-based incidence of acute aortic dissection is similar to previous estimates of incidence, implying that it is accurately diagnosed and coded, and that retrospective data analysis produces valid estimates of incidence.
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Bansal, Jacqueline A. "Quality of life issues in motor neurone disease." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36747/1/36747_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is caused by the degeneration and death of motor neurones. It is universally fatal and causes wasting and weakness of the somatic musculature. The disease usually affects those aged between 40 and 70, with 50% of people with MND dying within 3 years and 90 percent within 6 years. Only 10 percent survive 10 years or more
While the incidence of MND is much lower than that of Multiple Sclerosis, twice as many people die of MND as die from Multiple Sclerosis and Muscular Dystrophy combined. Once diagnosis is confirmed it appears that the health care service has little to offer in the way of care or a cure. The majority of people with MND are cared for in their home by family members which places enormous stress on both the individual and other family members.
The purpose of this study is to examine the factors which influence quality of life (QOL) in people with MND. This remains sadly under-investigated with only one significant report in the last three decades. The present study utilised a self-rated questionnaire, sent to individuals with neurologically confirmed MND, volunteering their participation via requests for help published in the MND Association newsletters throughout Australia. The questionnaire comprised standard measures which allowed the assessment of general well being (Rand 36-item Health Survey), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), coping strategies (Jalowiec Coping Scale), levels of hope (Herth Hope Scale), social support network (Norbeck Social Support Scale). Additional questions were constructed to assess illness-related knowledge, use of alternative therapies, the importance of spirituality and satisfaction with the way the diagnosis was delivered.
Demographically the individuals involved with the study differed little from other reports on MND. Psychologically, low mood was evident in over three quarters of the subjects. However, only 10 percent could be described as depressed. Coping strategies most frequently used was a problem solving approach and a dependency mechanism least frequently. Fifty three of the 74 in the study group held favourable levels of hope.
For such a terrible diagnosis it was most disturbing that 45 percent of those with MND thought that the information made available at diagnosis was inadequate. Of even greater concern was the fact that three quarters said that the diagnosis was disclosed in a brutal manner, with 61 % saying the manner was officious and factual.
Many individuals with MND had a poor knowledge about the disease with 40 percent believing that MND was a disorder of the muscles and one third did not know the median survival in this condition. Twenty three of the 74 admitted to using at least one alternative therapy at some stage. Expectedly, MND had a significant adverse effect on the life style, financial situation, social life, physical disability , psychological state and overall quality of life of many involved in the study. Only family relationships appeared to show little change following the diagnosis of MND. Despite great strains on marital harmony spouses remained the main carers in over half of the individuals with MND.
People with MND suffer greatly from the moment that the diagnosis is communicated through the depression of relentless muscle weakness and finally death from aspiration or respiratory failure. This study has highlighted that in general the care available to those suffering from MND is rather a hit or miss affair. Several measures to meet the specific needs of those diagnosed with MND are discussed. Most important of all is the need to better anticipate the rapidly changing needs of such individuals and for the medical and nursing professionals to be aware of the great harm they cause by removing all hope by well meaning frankness and the good they can do by offering support at all stages of the disease.
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Xing, Li. "Model and inference issues related to exposure-disease relationships." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50042.
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The goal of my thesis is to make contributions on some statistical issues related to epidemiological investigations of exposure-disease relationships.
Firstly, when the exposure data contain missing values and measurement errors, we build a Bayesian hierarchical model for relating disease to a potentially harmful exposure while accommodating these flaws. The traditional imputation method, called the group-based exposure assessment method, uses the group exposure mean to impute the individual exposure in that group, where the group indicator indicates that the exposure levels tend to vary more across groups and less within groups. We compare our method with the traditional method through simulation studies, a real data application, and theoretical calculation. We focus on cohort studies where a logistic disease model is appropriate and where group exposure means can be treated as fixed effects. The results show a variety of advantages of the fully Bayesian approach, and provide recommendations on situations where the traditional method may not be suitable to use.
Secondly, we investigate a number of issues surrounding inference and the shape of the exposure-disease relationship. Presuming that the relationship can be expressed in terms of regression coefficients and a shape parameter, we investigate how well the shape can be inferred in settings which might typify epidemiologic investigations and risk assessment. We also consider a suitable definition of the average effect of exposure, and investigate how precisely this can be inferred. We also examine the extent to which exposure measurement error distorts inference about the shape of the exposure-disease relationship. All these investigations require a family of exposure-disease relationships indexed by a shape parameter. For this purpose, we employ a family based on the Box-Cox transformation.
Thirdly, matching is commonly used to reduce confounding due to lack of randomization in the experimental design. However, ignoring measurement errors in matching variables will introduce systematically biased matching results. Therefore, we recommend to fit a trajectory model to the observed covariate and then use the estimated true values from the model to do the matching. In this way, we can improve the quality of matching in most cases.Science, Faculty of
Statistics, Department of
Graduate
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Blackwelder, Reid B. "Integrative Approaches to Mental Health Issues." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7006.
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Kelleher, Shannon R. "Teachers’ Beliefs About Mental Health Issues." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/16.
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This study examined teachers’ beliefs about mental health issues in students. A quantitative research method was utilized, and survey instrument was created modeled after the theory of planned behavior. Thirty-seven teachers were surveyed in five areas in relation to their beliefs about assessment and referral; including, previous assessment and referral; mental health training; attitudes toward assessment and referral; the perceived social normality of assessment and referral; and perceived self-efficacy or behavior control. These five areas became independent variable measures, with the dependent variable being their future intention of assessing and referring students with mental health issues. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the overall model was statistically significant in predicting teachers’ intention to assess and refer students; however, independent analysis of independent variable revealed teachers’ attitudes, past behavior, and accesses to mental health training were most the most significant predictors of future intention. Implications of this study highlight the need qualified mental health professionals to be present in schools and/or expanded training of teachers.
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Ogden, Alan R., and F. Lee. "Dental health and disease." Council for British Archaeology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4707.
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Popara, Roberta A. "Pastoral care and ethical issues in an age of AIDS." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.
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Rodeiro, Carmen Lucia Vidal. "Some issues in disease map modelling and surveillance of diseases." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415553.
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The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the study of edge effects in maps of disease. The aim of the analyses is to find out how the estimation of the risk from a disease near boundaries can be affected by the boundary position. The behaviour of a selection of models for disease mapping is evaluated when different edge conditions exist in the data. Disease mapping plays an important role in monitoring the health of a community. Plotting new cases on a map is a frequently used technique for monitoring the spread of infectious diseases and from a statistical point of view it is relevant to consider how statistical methods can be developed or employed to aid the task of surveillance. In the second part of this thesis, methodological and practical issues in developing a rapid response in a spatial surveillance system are discussed. In particular, I review and propose methods for the detection of changes. A simulation study is set up to assess if these methods are good at detecting changes in risk over space and time. An application to a real data set is also given. Surveillance should be performed as quickly as possible but complex Bayesian models require the use of sampling methods to provide estimates of posterior expectations, and these estimates may be computationally expensive to obtain. To aid this, special computational approaches can be considered. One option is to resample the output form initial iterations to provide reweighted estimates as time protocols. This is known a filtration or sequential Monte Carlo. In the third part of this thesis I review the use of sequential Monte Carlo methods (in particular, the Resample-Move algorithm) for dynamic systems, focusing on their use in a surveillance context. This is followed by an application to a real data set where a comparison between the use of McMC methods and the Resample-Move algorithm is carried out.
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Fedotova, M. S. "Current issues in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18901.
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Patel, Anita. "Issues in multi-national health economic evaluation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432053.
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Dolan, Paul. "Issues in the valuation of health outcomes." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9824/.
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Yousaf, Nadia. "Cough in health and disease." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28114.
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Cough is a common symptom of both acute and chronic respiratory illness. It is poorly understood and treatment options are sparse. One reason is that there are few validated objective measures of cough frequency and severity. In this thesis I have further validated the Leicester Cough Monitor, an automated cough detection system capable of detecting coughs over 24 hours. I have demonstrated that automated cough numbers were similar to those derived from the gold standard of manual counting in healthy adults and in patients with respiratory disease. Cough frequency was then measured using the Leicester Cough Monitor and was almost 16 fold higher in patients with respiratory diseases compared to healthy controls. In the population as a whole there was a correlation between cough frequency and the induced sputum neutrophil count. I then conducted a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind, parallel group trial of low dose erythromycin taken daily for 3 months in 30 patients with unexplained chronic cough. Active treatment was associated with a reduction in the sputum neutrophil count but no difference in cough counts or other measures of cough severity. Also, there is no information on the natural history of unexplained chronic cough. In a longitudinal study of 42 patients with unexplained chronic cough followed up for at least 7 years, I found that cough, measure by the cough visual analogue score, improved in 25 percent. Unexpectedly, patients had an abnormally rapid fall in FEV1, whether cough improved or not. Finally, the assessment of health related quality of life is important in people with acute cough in order to evaluate potential therapies. I have shown that that the minimal important clinical difference in the Leicester Cough Questionnaire for those with acute cough is 2.5 and this will aid in the interpretation of treatment trials.
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Chronopoulos, Antonios. "Mechanotransduction in health and disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/56622.
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Physical forces regulate cellular behaviour and function during all stages of life. Mechanotransduction, the process by which cells convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical signalling events is central to a number of physiological and pathological processes. The first part of this work focuses on the effect of retinoid therapy on the mechanobiology of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is characterised by a persistent activation of stromal fibroblasts, known as pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which can perturb the biomechanical homeostasis of the tumour microenvironment to favour tumour invasion. Using biophysical and biological techniques, we report that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active vitamin A metabolite restores mechanical quiescence in PSCs via a mechanism involving a retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-β)-mediated downregulation of actomyosin (MLC-2) contracility. We show that ATRA reduces the ability of PSCs to generate high traction forces and adapt to extracellular mechanical cues (mechanosensing), as well as suppresses force-mediated extracellular matrix remodelling to inhibit local cancer cell invasion in 3D organotypic models. We thus suggest that ATRA may serve as a stroma reprogramming agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In the second part of this work, we focus on syndecan-4 (Syn-4) - a ubiquitous transmembrane proteoglycan receptor. We identify Syn-4 as a cellular mechanotransducer that tunes cell mechanics by eliciting a global mechanosignalling response. We outline a mechanotransduction model whereby localised tension on Syn-4 triggers a synergistic cell-wide activation of β1 integrins, in a PI3K-dependent manner, to subsequently activate the RhoA pathway and induce adaptive cell stiffening. Furthermore, syndecan-4 mediated mechanosensing is required for YAP activation and downstream changes in gene expression. We propose that this newly identified mechanotransductive ability of Syn-4 should have direct implications for the field of mechanobiology.
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Kyle, Janet A. M. "Flavonoids in health and disease." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU177273.
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The initial aim of this thesis was to gather, critically assess and collate all available compositional data for flavonoid compounds belonging to 5 out of 12 major flavonoid sub-classes - flavanones, flavones, flavonols, catechins and procyanidins - in edible food sources. A flavonoid food composition database for application in dietary assessment investigations was subsequently compiled. The completeness of the database was tested using a healthy North East of Scotland population. The ability of the Scottish Collaborative Group food frequency questionnaire (SCG FFQ) to estimate flavonoid intake was compared to 4-day weighed dietary records. This study demonstrated that the major source of dietary flavonols, catechins and procyanidins was black tea with added milk. However, the bio-availability of tea flavonoids was questionable, as flavonoids were known to readily bind to milk proteins in vitro. As a review of the literature was inconclusive with 2 studies supporting the hypothesis and 2 refuting it, a bio-availability study was subsequently completed. This investigation assessed the uptake of flavonoids and their effect on plasma antioxidant status after drinking black tea, black tea with milk and water and milk as a control. Findings suggested, that the possible exception of the flavonol, kaempferol, addition of milk to tea did not significantly negate increases in plasma flavonoid concentration or antioxidant activity. Finally, the hypothesis that low dietary flavonoid intake is associated with colon or rectal cancer risk was tested using the SCG FFQ applied to a population-based case-control study. Only the flavonol quercetin obtained from sources other that tea was strongly related to reduced risk of colon cancer in the North East of Scotland. However, further investigation is required to discern if this observed effect is due to quercetin per se or to other as yet unidentified components of fruit and vegetables which are co-associated with this flavonoid.
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Holmlund, Anders. "Oral health and cardiovascular disease." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8708.
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Slayton, Deborah Lynne Rhodes Dent. "Infusing HIV/AIDS issues into the baccalaureate curriculum faculty participation /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3064523.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2002.Title from title page screen, viewed February 16, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Dent Rhodes (chair), Donna Breault, Sheryl Samuelson, Cathy Toll. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-178) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Eriksson, Christoffer. "Athletic Career Development in Relation to Health Issues." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4111.
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The objectives of this study were to examine: (a) how athletes perceive a relationship between their athletic career and health; (b) how health issues appear across athletic career stages; (c) how athletes perceive health related strategies in regard of the future career goals. The theoretical frameworks included: the lifespan model on developmental challenge; the circle of health; the developmental model on transitions faced by athletes; the perceived health and sport/exercise participation model. The informants (n=4) consisted of two team athletes and two individual athletes at national or international competitive level. In-depth interviews were carried out based on a semi-structured interview guide specially created for this study. Results are treated and presented as four case studies, and four category profiles describing: the importance of health to the athletic career; the positive influence of athletic career on health; the negative influence of athletic career on health; health related strategies in the future. The results showed that athletes perceive an obvious and important relationship between the athletic career and health. At the same time a lack of health awareness at early career stages was discovered. It was not until the athletes advanced to a higher competitive level or their health decreased they started to think of health. Athletes also demonstrate low awareness of health in regard to future career goals. The athletes’ experiences were discussed in relation to the theoretical frameworks and previous research.
Syftena med föreliggande studie var att undersöka: (a) hur idrottare uppfattar ett samband mellan idrottskarriär och hälsa; (b) att undersöka hur hälsofrågor uppträder under en idrottskarriärs olika stadium; (c) att undersöka hur idrottare använder hälsostrategier med tanke på framtida karriärmål. De teoretiska referensramarna inkluderade: the lifespan model on developmental challenge; the circle of health; the developmental model on transitions faced by athletes; upplevd hälsa och idrotts/motionsdeltagande. Försökspersonerna (n=4) bestod av två lagidrottare och två individuella idrottare på nationell eller internationell tävlingsnivå. Djupgående intervjuer genomfördes med hjälp av en semi strukturerad intervjuguide speciellt tillverkad för denna studie. Resultatet bearbetades och presenterades i form av fyra fallstudier och fyra kategoriprofiler som beskriver: hur viktig hälsan är för idrottskarriären; den positiva inverkan av idrottskarriären på hälsa; den negativa inverkan av idrottskarriären på hälsa; hälsostrategier i framtiden. Resultatet visade på att idrottare upplever ett tydligt och viktigt samband mellan idrottskarriären och hälsa, men det finns samtidigt en låg hälsomedvetenhet i tidiga karriärstadier. Det är inte förrän idrottare avancerar till en högre tävlingsnivå eller får en sämre hälsa som de börjar tänka på hälsan. Idrottare demonstrerade också en låg hälsomedvetenhet i förhållande till framtida karriärmål. Idrottarnas upplevelser diskuterades i relation till de teoretiska referensramarna och tidigare forskning.
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Boivie, Inger. "Usability and users’ health issues in systems development." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för människa-datorinteraktion, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-86078.
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The figures of reported health problems in computer-supported, administrative, work are alarmingly high and increasing. The main health problems are visual discomfort, repetitive strain injuries (RSI) and stress-related disorders. Some important risk factors are poor workstation design, constrained work postures, repetitive work and long hours of computer use every day. Others are high demands, poor control over workload and work pace and poor relations to management and colleagues. There is also evidence that poor design and usability of the computer systems as well as technical problems with the computer add to the pressure perceived by the user, which may in its turn cause stress-related disorders. Systems (software) development is often technology-driven and the design and contents of the resulting system shapes the work situation, including factors affecting the users' health and well-being. There are numerous examples in the literature describing how poorly designed systems fail to support the real work practices, introducing new ones that are inadequate and more time-consuming. Thus these, supposedly supporting, computer systems get in the way of efficient and effective work, adding a burden on the workers rather than helping them out. This thesis tries to describe some of the relations between the systems development process and users' health complaints, in a work context. I also discuss whether or not the concepts of usability and user experience can be used to address users' health issues in the systems development process. The main results indicate that although usability must be addressed, it is not sufficient. Occupational health issues must be explicitly integrated in systems development, and be given priority. This thesis also describes some potential methods and techniques for doing that.
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Jacobi, N. "The carers' perspective : loving someone with health issues." Thesis, City, University of London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/16403/.
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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a carer training programme delivered alongside Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST). Design and Subjects: The project used a mixed methodology design. It comprised a single blind, randomised control trial and a thematic analysis of focus group interviews exploring the impact the training had on the carer experience. Sixty-eight people with dementia and their carers were recruited as participant dyads and randomised into one of three conditions; CST plus carer training, CST only or a wait-list control. Carers were administered four questionnaires addressing caregiver burden, self-efficacy, general well-being and carer/patient relationship at baseline and 15 weeks follow up. Focus group interviews were undertaken with eighteen carers who completed the carer training programme alongside their family member with dementia attending a CST group programme. Setting: Participants were recruited from South Essex Partnership Trust across Bedfordshire, UK. Results: From the quantitative results only one significant result, from the ANCOVA analysis, was found, this was in the quality of the relationship: F(1, 44) =12.159, p = .001 (ƞp2 =.225). The qualitative thematic analysis illustrated a change in carer perception as a result of the training. The participants described an opening position named Pessimism, which included isolation, stigma, lack of support, carer burden, depression and loss. Through adopting strategies shared in the training programme they moved to a position named Mastery with improved understanding, control and self-efficacy leading to hope. This resulted in a third theme named Welfare which reflected improved relationships, interaction and well-being and an ability to facilitate respite. Conclusions: For carers of people with dementia, in addition to traditional education about dementia, carer training should also consider communication strategies, person-centred interactions and interpretation skills of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. This research found these to be beneficial in enhancing the informal carers’ caring experience, resulting in improved relationships. Undertaking specific stimulating activities was more successful when introduced in an organic naturalistic way.
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Cameron, Nancy G. "Health Issues Related to Heat, Cold, and Dehydration." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7075.
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Pflum, Kevin E. "Issues in the Industrial Organization of Health Markets." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1305765567.
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Palermo, Tia Maria Billings Deborah Lynn. "Transnational issues in women's health and well-being." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2326.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Public Policy." Discipline: Public Policy; Department/School: Public Policy.
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Gonsalves, Crystal. "Bimanual coordination in Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27588.
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Special populations that suffer from Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD) display poorer performance in movement and bimanual coordination tasks. Both PD and HD are basal ganglia disorders with neuropathology distinct from one another. The production of internally guided movements is disrupted in PD and HD, therefore utilization of the external pathway may be able to stabilize movements for these groups. The current study examines the effect of auditory cueing for these two populations in timing performance. A total of 10 PD patients, 10 healthy controls (matched for age and gender) and 2 HD patients were examined on a repetitive bimanual finger tapping task. PD patients and healthy controls were asked to perform finger tapping at two different frequencies (1.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz) and two movement types (in-phase, anti-phase). Additionally half of the trials were performed with an external cue (metronome beat), while the other half were not (cue was turned off after 10 metronome heats). Results showed that PD patients were able to effectively use the cue to facilitate bimanual coordination as it was shown that absolute mean timing errors were decreased during the cue trials. PD patients were able to perform both movement types although the more complex mirror asymmetrical anti-phase trials were more difficult to perform. HD patients were not able to achieve the designated fast and slow frequencies that PD and healthy controls performed. The HD patients' movement was highly variable due to tremors and involuntary tics experienced by the patients. Through the examination of raw trajectories and polar plots of phase differences it was concluded that the external cue did not seem to stabilize bimanual coordination for the HD patients.
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Takahashi, Yoshimitsu. "Usefulness of network analysis in health informatics: Application to public health issues." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/97938.
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Bhatt, H. "Cobalamin metabolism in health and disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46675.
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Poullis, Andrew Patroclos. "Bowel inflammation in health and disease." Thesis, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407795.
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Rees, Alison Jane. "Aggrecan degradation in health and disease." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55951/.
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The main aggrecan catabolite, found in samples of synovial fluid from patients with arthritis, and released from cartilage explant cultures exposed to IL-1, both have the amino-terminal amino acid sequence 374ARGSV ... (human sequence enumeration) corresponding to cleavage at the 'aggrecanase site' within the IGD of aggrecan (Sandy et al., 1992, and Lohmander et al., 1993). Loss of aggrecan is a primary event in the destruction of cartilage in arthritic disease. The Glu373- Ala374 bond ('aggrecanase site') within the IGD of the aggrecan core protein is cleaved by members of the ADAMTS family, including ADAMTS-4 and -5 (Tortorella et al., 1999, Abbaszade et al., 1999, and Sandy et al., 2000). In this investigation the model system of chondrocyte-agarose cultures, pioneered by Aydelotte and Kuettner 1988, was used to study the degradation of aggrecan by ADAMTS-4 and -5 in cartilaginous extracellular matrices. Low molecular weight co-migrating 37kD ADAMTS-4 and -5 isoforms were detected in apparently increased amounts in IL-1 a treated cultures compared to controls. These isoforms were bound by heparin and required de novo protein synthesis in the presence of IL-1 a for their generation. As previously reported, de novo protein synthesis in the presence of IL-1 a was also required for 'IGD aggrecanase activity' (Arner et al., 1998). Heparin bound media fractions from IL- 1a treated cultures possessed 'IGD aggrecanase activity' against exogenous aggrecan, which was inhibited by the amino-terminal region of TIMP-3 and was shown to be due to a 37kD isoform of ADAMTS-4. This implicated low molecular weight isoforms of ADAMTS-4 in the aggrecanolysis detected in the presence of IL-1 a. Carboxy-terminal truncation of furin cleaved ADAMTS-4 has previously been proposed as both an activation mechanism for the enzyme (Pratta et al., 2003, Kashiwagi et al., 2004, Gao et al., 2002, Gao et al., 2004 and Flannery et al., 2002) and a means of deregulation of the enzyme's catalytic activity.( Gao et al., 2002, Gao et al., 2004, and Kashiwagi et al., 2004). Therefore high molecular weight Furin cleaved ADAMTS-4 isoforms may be required to play normal physiological roles, whereas the low molecular weight forms are likely to be the enzyme isoforms involved in the destruction of aggrecan and other proteoglycans in articular cartilage during arthritis.