Dissertations / Theses: 'Discursive Theory'

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Faust, Juergen. "Discursive designing theory : towards a theory of designing design." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3210.

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Motivated by the immature theoretical framework of design, this thesis employs transdisciplinary discourse to provide a contemporary and forward-looking model of design and design theory, as well as the linkages between the two, along with the necessary methodology. The discourse involves research into the current understanding of design, its principles, its practice and conceptual framework. The methodology developed and employed in this thesis can be outlined in five steps: 0. Design briefing 1. Developing a conceptual model based on the writings of Michel Foucault and Helmut Krippendorff. 2. Presenting the model in a written form. 3. Using accounts of conferences as tools for Designing Design and building monuments. 4. Interrogating the theory through an expert system. 5. Summarising and evaluating the findings. Design Briefing The present study delves into design, and into the design of theory. In Chapter A.1.6, a summary of Chapter A.0−A.1.5 is given, highlighting the underlying discourse. As shown, the theory behind this work is based on a hypothesis, which cannot be proved experimentally, or deduced from experimental data, at least at the time of its construction. Therefore, it needs to be understood that the case studies (A.3.2−A.3.5) in this thesis are not intended to serve as experiments that were conducted in order to prove the theory; rather, these case studies are design cases—products and artefacts—and should be viewed as discourse frameworks that can be adopted to design design. As described in Chapter 3.1, these are elements of monuments—in reference to Raichman (1988)—that have resulted from the discursive strategies and were designed within a community of designers, allowing the design understanding to be shaped. Methodologically, the theory is created through an indication of differences. These differences were elaborated on in the literature review, and can be explained using either logic-based or hermeneutical metaphors. As the latter approach is more flexible, it might be more applicable to the design environment. The generated knowledge can be located in three areas—design knowledge, epistemology, methodology (the process to get there), and phenomenology (the composition of the artefacts). While the main focus of this thesis has been on theory design, it was also important to delineate how to get there, as well as analyse the questionable differences between theory and practice, since they are ideal types that mark the extreme ends of a continuum (Jonsen and Toulmin 1988, p.36). The work presented in this thesis was conducted in a circular manner, like a design process, in order to encapsulate the instance. Therefore, essential topics reappear, allowing them to be reframed and newly contextualised. Chapter 0.0 to 0.7 reperesent the introductory part of this work. Thus, the content presented could be referred to as ‘the briefing’—as a parallel to a design case—to provide the background. It shows the motivation, a first hypothesis, some methodological considerations, and the research design and decisions. The aim is to provide insight into the phenomenon of interest and discuss some preconceptions. Thus, these introductory chapters provide orientation through locating some statements of the provided (design) discourse. Developing a conceptual model based on the writings of Michel Foucault and Helmut Krippendorff. As a follow up, Section A consists of several key components, and encompasses the research methodology specificity, its theoretical underpinning, and its connection to design, a reframing and contextualisation. This section also provides the means to overcome the discrepancy between researching and designing. Therefore, in Chapter A1−A1.6, a more substantial discourse of design is provided, along with the theory and the essential knowledge. Here, we can see the method in operation, as a patching of discursive statements—akin to an additive process of designing. Clearly, the attempt made here belongs to the constructivist epistemology, as the idea of design is a mental construct. Nonetheless, the aim is to provide a broad perspective of what can be presently observed in the design field. The employed methodology strategically aims to overcome the divide between designing and researching—between acting and reflecting—in order to provide a conceptual model. Still, it also makes the designing practice a conscious process, whereby theory is designed through discourse. Such discourse is revealed within the discovery of textual statements based on an extensive literature review, as well as through the discovery of textual statements from organised interactive conferences. The theory developed here is, in fact, a theory derived from theory, and is shaped through finding patterns and the simplification of the overall structure they form. In A.2, the concept of discourse and its designing quality is revealed. It shows how discourse, as the guiding method, is ‘excavated’ from the writings of Michel Foucault and Helmut Krippendorff. Methodologically, Michel Foucault’s ‘Archeology of Knowledge’ was analysed against and parallel to Helmut Krippendorff’s ‘Semantic Turn’, as these sources are complementary to each other. The goal of this process is a comparison of statements, yielding reasoning towards discourse and design discourse. In sum, this analysis helped reveal that it is a matter of design how the discourse is provided. The outcome of the aforementioned comparison is very interesting and satisfying. The findings revealed a difference in discourse, because engineering and design discourses are informed by rhetoric of design, rhetoric of deliberation, in opposite to humanistic discourse, which consumes textual objects (Perelman 1999). The discursive designing process within these chapters reveals some important elements, such as the conceptual frame of politics, referred to in Foucault’s discourse explorations. According to the author, power is a generating force in shaping discourse (Faucault 1980, p.119). In contrast, Krippendorff (1995b) sees power as emanating from language, which can be overcome through avoiding the construction of certain language. In the research presented, the designing practice that took place during the conferences, as well as the aforementioned notions, play a role, as was shown in Chapter 3. Power, as it was experienced, is unavoidable. Yet, rather than seeing it as a problem, it should be viewed as a generating force. A second more substantial question arises around the notion of discontinuity (A.2.3), which is essential in Foucault’s concept. According to Krippendorff, knowledge is not partitioned; it rather provides continuity through the various disciplines. As this research shows, this view should not be seen as an opposite to Foucault’s concept of discontinuity, because statements can refer to the same object, but coming from a discontinuous field, from various disciplines. In other words, as design discourse can be viewed as a discourse hosted by various disciplines, it is discontinuous! With respect to Foucault’s concern of grasping of statements, the main goal of this thesis is to provide support for this perspective. As the author noted, the grasping of the statements needs to follow the exact specificity of their occurrence (Foucault 1972). The prudence and success of dissociating statements from their original context to place them in a new context is questionable, since no discontinuity can be ignored (Foucault 1972). Often, rather than paraphrasing the text so that it reflects one’s own understanding of it, the result is a mere citation of the original texts and con-texts. The awareness of discontinuity does not allow for this thesis to be presented according to the positivistic paradigm.

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Rechner, Christopher D. "Discursive infections, a critical theory of virus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21139.pdf.

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Mokrovich, Jason Theodore. "On a discursive conversation between queer theory and sociology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2493/.

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Dominated by a number of humanities-based disciplines and influenced by Lacanian psychoanalysis and French post-structuralism, queer theory emerged in the early 1990s as a critical project that problematised the theorisation of sexuality and its relation to lesbian and gay politics. The purpose of the thesis is to have a discursive conversation between queer theory and sociology. I want to consider the current unproductive relationship between the two. From both a queer and sociological perspective, I will examine, problematise and rework sociology’s uncritical reading of queer theory and queer theory’s general failure to acknowledge and engage with sociology, with the intent to move them towards disciplinary cross-fertilisation. I will argue that disciplinary cross-fertilisation can only happen if sociology reads queer theory carefully and critically and queer theory and sociology facilitate and promote discursive spaces that are theoretically and methodologically integrated. In considering their relationship, I will draw upon a number of diverse theoretical perspectives, for example: social-historical constructionism, symbolic interactionism, post structuralism, and feminist theory. I will also draw upon my ethnographic work on gay male male-to-female drag that took place in the United States between September 1995 and June 1997, with a brief revisit in February 1999. I will finally conclude by proposing that an ‘outsider-within perspective’ serve as a basis for future engagement between queer theory and sociology. It is my opinion that the facilitation and promotion of queer and sociological perspectives that are neither full outsiders nor full insiders to their disciplinary domain would generate the conditions for disciplinary cross-fertilisation.

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Harris, Rose M. "Signifying race and gender : discursive strategies in feminist theory and politics." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?res_dat=xri:ssbe&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_dat=xri:ssbe:ft:keyresource:Rooks_Diss_01.

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Chen, Li-Ning. "A feminist politics of discursive embodiment : rethinking Iris M. Young's gender seriality." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16792/.

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Divergent forms of female embodiment have prompted contemporary feminist theorists to depart from gender essentialism and draw attention to the heterogeneity of gender performances in the (re)conceptualisation of 'women'. I argue feminist politics may become ossified and repressive if the public arena fails to reflect the plurality of women and their diverse political claims. Exploring the theorisation of 'women' in the context of the politics of difference, this thesis analyses the reciprocal relationship between the construction of 'women' and the pluralisation of feminist politics, by articulating a 'feminist politics of discursive embodiment'. The thesis is divided into two parts. I begin with Iris M. Young's conception of 'gender seriality' that categorises 'women' as a social series constructed through a practico-inert reality of gender and characterised by a passive member relationship, rather than as a social group with common objectives and essential attributes. I then draw on Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological concept of 'the lived body', to deepen this account and to sketch out how the female body is the material locus of gender imperatives and, hence, the primary site of politicisation. The second part of the thesis articulates a feminist politics of discursive embodiment concentrating on how the politicisation of different experiences of female embodiment pluralises feminist politics. I argue that the combination of a reworked understanding of female authority and an agonistic ethos as a political practice can facilitate democratic deliberation and can inaugurate a progressive feminist politics. The Milan Women's Bookstore Collective's depiction of 'the symbolic mother' is specifically used to demonstrate how politicising womanhood can recuperate the historically absent female relationship against patriarchy. I conclude with an exploration of agonist ethos that recognises the constitutive tension between different political claims and encourages openness and the (re)signification of each asserted 'womanhood', so ensuring the responsiveness of a democratic feminist politics.

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Morison, Tracy, and Catriona Macleod. "A performative-performance analytical approach: infusing Butlerian theory into the narrative-discursive method." Sage Publications, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003065.

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Judith Butler’s theory of performativity provides gender theorists with a rich theoretical language for thinking about gender. Despite this, Butlerian theory is difficult to apply, as Butler does not provide guidance on actual analysis of language use in context. In order to address this limitation, we suggest carefully supplementing performativity with the notion of performance in a manner that allows for the inclusion of relational specificities and the mechanisms through which gender, and gender trouble, occur. To do this, we turn to current developments within discursive psychology and narrative theory. We extend the narrative-discursive method proposed by Taylor and colleagues, infusing it with Butlerian theory in order to fashion a dual analytical lens, which we call the performativity-performance approach. We provide a brief example of how the proposed analytical process may be implemented.

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van, der Bom Isabelle. "Text World Theory and stories of self : a cognitive discursive approach to identity." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10110/.

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This thesis offers a text-worlds-approach to the study of linguistic identity in discursive interaction. It focuses on how settled Chinese migrants in Sheffield, who migrated predominantly from Hong Kong and the New Territories, construct their identities linguistically. To this extent, linguistic interview data is analysed with the use of the conceptual framework Text World Theory (e.g. Gavins 2007a; Werth 1999). As such, this thesis has three central aims: to extend the use of Text World Theory by applying it to spoken discourse; to examine the ways in which people linguistically represent themselves and talk about their life experiences; and to provide insight into the narratives of Chinese migrants and their families in Sheffield in particular. The linguistic data used in this thesis has been collected through 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork at a Chinese complementary school in Sheffield, UK. Based on the outcome of the analytical investigations of linguistic interview data, I aim to offer several original contributions. Firstly, I hope to provide a better understanding of migrant lives, by investigating the narrated experiences of Chinese migrants and their families. Secondly, I offer Text World Theory as a suitable framework for the study of linguistic identity. I extend the framework to the relatively unexplored domain of spoken discourse, synthesising a discursive approach to identity (e.g. Bucholtz and Hall 2005) with a Text World Theory approach (e.g. Gavins 2007a; Werth 1999). I demonstrate that Text World Theory can explain the complex and multi-layered nature of identity through the scope it provides for tracing linguistic self-representation across multiple worlds. Finally, I show that the framework is particularly adept at synthesising macro-level analysis of discursive interaction with detailed micro-level analysis of linguistic choices and their conceptual consequences.

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Robertson, David George. "Metaphysical conspiracism : UFOs as discursive object between popular millennial and conspiracist fields." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10586.

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This thesis argues that narratives about Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) act as the central point of contact between conspiracist and popular millennial fields. Their confluence has come to form a field here termed ‘metaphysical conspiracism’, combining teleological narratives, the promise of soteriological knowledge and the threat of occluded malevolent agencies. I argue that metaphysical conspiracism offers a unique perspective on the interplay of knowledge, power and the construction of the other in contemporary popular discourse. Narratives about UFOs (and their extra-terrestrial occupants) have their roots in the Cold War period, but from the 1980s were increasingly constructed within a supernatural framework. Discourse analysis of popular literature from this period reveals a process of discursive transfer as the UFO narrative is contested and negotiated between conspiracist discourses concerning powerful, hidden agencies and popular millennial discourses of personal and planetary transformation, including ‘New Age’, 'Ascension' and '2012'. Using historical discourse analysis, supported by small-scale ethnographic sampling, I examine this discursive transfer in the work of three popular writers who together offer a broad overview of the field. Whitley Strieber was a central figure in the 'alien abduction' narrative in the 1980s, but his speculations on its meaning led him increasingly towards millennial and conspiratorial narratives. David Icke's well-known theory that a conspiracy of reptilian extraterrestrials has secretly seized control of the planet is demonstrated to have developed in the 1990s from a post-Theosophical narrative of benevolent UFOs as harbingers of the 'New Age'. Although less well-known, David Wilcock's work demonstrates that UFOs were also instrumental in the incorporation of conspiracist material into the recent '2012' millennial narrative. I seek to answer two questions with this thesis. Firstly, what is the common mechanism which facilitates the hybridisation I uncover between conspiracy narratives and popular millennialism? Secondly, how do the resulting metaphysical conspiracist narratives serve their subscribers? Despite a number of structural similarities, I argue that the common mechanism is the mobilisation of counter-epistemic strategies; that is, those predicated upon access to non-falsifiable sources of knowledge. The UFO narrative is particularly well-suited to suggesting sociological uncertainty about the boundaries between scientific and other strategies for the legitimisation of knowledge, encouraging its adoption by both conspiracist and millennial discourses. Secondly, metaphysical conspiracism reconciles the utopian vision of popular millennial discourse with the apocalyptic critique of modern global society announced by conspiracists. I therefore argue that metaphysical conspiracism supplies an effective popular theodicy with a Gnostic flavour in which these millennial prophecies did not ‘fail’, but were prevented from arriving by hidden malevolent others.

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Zacharias, Sally. "The linguistic representation of abstract concepts in learning science : a cognitive discursive approach." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55599/.

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Learning scientific concepts can be challenging for many pupils and consequently much research has been carried out to locate and explain the social and cognitive processes involved in bringing about changes to learners' abstract conceptual understandings. This thesis contributes to this field by offering a text-world account (Werth 1999, Gavins 2007a) of how scientific concepts are constructed and linguistically represented in classroom discourse. More specifically, its first aim is to explore how a group of twenty, first year secondary pupils and their teacher construct and linguistically represent the abstract scientific concept of heat energy (and related concepts) in discourse. In so doing, it examines how the concept emerges and develops during a series of classroom activities, including a teacher-led demonstration, a simulated role-play and a group discussion/writing task, in addition to teacher and pupil interviews. By using the Text World Theory framework (see Gavins 2007a; Werth 1999) to focus on the linguistic choices and their corresponding cognitive effects, it becomes possible to explore the cognitive architecture of the pupils during the learning events and interviews. Thus, it is hoped that this study makes an innovative contribution to the field of cognitive linguistics and science education by explaining and exemplifying how learners' scientific concepts develop in naturalistic settings (Amin 2015). As a text-world approach to investigating classroom discourse is a relatively new area of exploration, the thesis also aims to examine the effectiveness of the text-world framework to explore multimodal, interactive classroom environments. The class involved in this study belonged to a state secondary school in a large urban city in Scotland. There was a broad ability range amongst its pupils, many of whom spoke languages other than English at home. The data generated was the result of a four-month prolonged investigation with the class, which resulted in the video and audio recordings of 15 lessons, 8 pupil interviews and 5 teacher interviews. Part of this data was later transcribed and analysed using the text-world framework. This framework proves to be well-suited to the task of investigating the conceptual structure of the classroom participants, due to its ability to track and explore multiple conceptual worlds established through spatial and temporal shifts, as well as modality and metaphor. By applying the framework to the relatively unexplored context of the classroom, extensions to the framework are made that show how the classroom discourse, the knowledge frames of the pupils as well as the social and concrete world of the classroom, play a key role in the development of abstract thought in a classroom setting.

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Ferns, Jan George. "Organizing nature as business : discursive struggles, the global ecological crisis, and a social-symbolic deadlock." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25847.

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Despite looming ecological disaster, a persistent state of insufficient action seems commonplace amongst most organizations. This thesis critically explores how this impasse is constituted by discursive struggles surrounding the global ecological crisis. These struggles are situated within the context of global environmental governance – a power arena that has, over the past 25 years, become a defining battleground regarding environmental sustainability. Here, discourses of the ecological crisis are constituted by political contests amongst, most notably, multinational corporations, civil society organizations, and (trans)national policy actors. This thesis draws mainly from post-structural discourse theory, coupled with critical perspectives on organizations and the natural environment, to explore both the discursive practices that fix meanings surrounding the global ecological crisis, and the power effects thereof. The primary source of data is text – this study is explicitly interested in how discourses of the global ecological crisis evolve as the natural environment is (mis)represented in organizational disclosures. Despite recognition by management and organization scholars that the natural environment is indeed constructed, a functional separation between business and nature persists, the relationship of which is mostly examined from a firm-centric perspective. However, sustainability issues such as climate change transcend the confines of firm activity and operate across spatial and temporal dimensions. Hence, there is an urgent need to reconsider the business-nature dualism. To do so, this study adopts a multi-level, multi-method approach that permits a necessary degree of analytical and theoretical flexibility. The four individual articles that encompass this work, whilst drawing from different theoretical approaches, along with focusing on different levels of analysis, are underpinned by the contentious intersection between discourse, organizations and the natural environment. The first article concerns ‘macro talk’ and, operating on the field level, explores how a dominant understanding of business’ role in sustainable development is constituted during the UN Earth Summits in 1992, 2002, and 2012. The second article regards ‘corporate talk’ and, this time on an organizational level, examines how tensions between economic growth and environmental protection are avoided by the European oil and gas supermajors—BP, Shell and Total—through the practice of mythmaking. The third article takes a longitudinal approach and, also concerning ‘corporate talk’, examines how BP rearticulated a hegemonic discourse of fossil fuels, which, when enacted, reproduces corporate inaction on climate change. Finally, the fourth article emphasizes ‘resistance talk’, focusing on how climate activists, as part of the global fossil fuel divestment movement, engage in certain micro-level practices as they attempt to stigmatize the fossil fuel industry. In all, the findings from these articles suggest that organizations both represent nature as something to be conquered, dominated, and valued economically and as a pristine wilderness to be preserved for the enjoyment of future generations. In pursuing these two extremes concurrently, organizations self-perpetuate a social-symbolic deadlock that hinders finding sustainable ways for human systems to coexist with natural systems. This thesis contributes mainly to literature on organizations and the natural environment by illustrating how certain practices, mechanisms, and processes continuously redefine the business-nature relationship by facilitating a discursive struggle across multiple spatial and temporal dimensions. In doing so, there are implications both for policy and business organizations, which are discussed in the concluding chapter of this work.

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Tracy-Ramirez, Alexandra. ""Bosses Are Really Mean These Days": The Discursive Politics of Representation and Blame in Workplace Bullying." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193402.

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Although the topic of bullying generally leads to discussions of the dynamicsbetween and among children, bullying increasingly involves complex power structuresamong adults in their workplaces. The purpose of this project is to broaden theunderstanding of workplace bullying in the United States through the critical analysis ofpopular media and U.S. legal discourses. The analysis unravels the ways in whichbullying is normalized, individualized, perpetuated and rewarded. It seeks to denaturalizethe phenomenon and situate bullying as a construction that can bedeconstructed and addressed. It interrogates the messages of resistance, agency andblame as productive and disciplinary strategies that permit bullying to operate withdiscursive and material impunity. Legal prohibitions alone will not prove to be thepanacea but, along with reframed discourses, they will help undermine the naturalizationof bullying in the workplace and open new avenues for exploring solutions andalternatives.

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Reynolds, Molly A. "Trapped in Transition: Examining first-semester college students’ discursive struggles about home and school." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/8.

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The study examines how messages to, from, and concerning home may impact first-semester college student retention. The current study extends previous retention research in several ways. Rather than collect data regarding retention after students drop out, this study analyzed free write responses of 135 participants while they were enrolled in 15 sections of CIS 110 (Composition and Communication I) throughout the course of the Fall 2010 semester. Using relational dialectics theory (RDT) (Baxter & Montgomery, 1996) as a sensitizing framework, this study identified three discursive struggles and associated radiants of meaning present in the free write responses of these 135 first semester college students. Specifically, students identified experiencing the discursive struggles of independence, integration, and expression during the first semester of college. Non-returning students also identified these same three discursive struggles. However, non-returning students identified the discursive struggle of expression much more than did the returning students. Ultimately, this dissertation study proposed practical implications for students, parents, and the academy regarding how messages to, from, and about home might impact the transition of first-semester students from high school to college.

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Richardson-Tench, Marilyn 1947. "Unmasked! : the discursive practice of the operating room nurse : a Foucauldian feminist analysis." Monash University, Faculty of Education, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8900.

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Nelson, Scott G. "Feminist critiques of politics/science : discursive controversies at the intersection of gender and science /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040430/.

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Chilton, Elizabeth Helen. "The discursive construction of a family literacy, language and numeracy programme : an exploration of practitioners' narratives-in-interaction." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3811/.

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This study examines the discursive practices of two Family Literacy, Language and Numeracy practitioners teaching a family literacy programme together. Drawing on positioning analysis and linguistic ethnography, I am exploring how the practitioners use narratives-in-interaction to position themselves, each other, the parents with whom they work, and the programme on which they teach. This research reveals how both dominant and locally constructed discourses are invoked, reworked and embedded within the practitioners’ narrative allusions, with such discourses often becoming naturalised through their repeated citation. Analyses of the interactional and lexical content of narratives-in-interaction facilitate this study’s twin-focus on the social identification of the narrated, and the narrators’ emergent identity construction. Investigating the discourses that circulate about parents uncovers how the telling of narratives not only impacts on the ways in which the parents are socially identified in discursive terms, but suggests that this may affect how the parents are dealt with in more practical ways by the practitioners. Through the sharing and co-construction of small stories, the practitioners make claims in relation to their own identities, particularly in terms of their working relationship with one another and the roles they undertake in concert and in counterpoint to each other.

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Bergqvist, Sofie, and Mikaela Vestin. "MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCIES DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTION OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE : A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF WEB PAGES." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227027.

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Academics, practitioners and media agree that the topic of work-life balance is on the agenda and valued by the new business generation. Although Sweden might be considered a working friendly country, the management consultancy industry is not recognized to be the same. With an institutional perspective we will through a discourse analysis investigate the communication on Swedish management consultancies web pages in order to explore how consultancies relate to the work-life balance discourse. In this study we look at work-life balance communication as a continuum with abstract and concrete as two opposites where the level of concreteness will decide the level of responsibility dedicated from the organizations regarding employees` work-life balance. Our findings suggest that the discourse is mostly composed of abstract descriptive talk, which indicates that the communication exists as a legitimizing result of institutional pressures, and might not be an essential matter for the concultancies` everyday practice. A big part of the responsibility to achieve a work-life balance is put upon the individual employee and even though initiatives are presented they are seldom followed up by concrete targets or supported with results.

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Famy, Aurore. "Le rôle des discours dans la construction des savoirs scientifiques. : Médiations sémiotiques de l'information savante, le cas de l'épilepsie." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0046/document.

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Cette thèse se consacre à l’étude du rôle de la discursivisation et de ses fondements sémiotiques dans la construction des savoirs scientifiques le long du parcours de transmission de l’information : de la sphère de la recherche scientifique fondamentale jusqu’à la sphère profane dans laquelle s’inscrit le patient, en passant par l’instance médicale. L’objectif est d’analyser comment, de médiations en remédiations, le contenu informationnel savant transite d’une instance à l’autre, et ce, par le truchement des différents discours. En prenant pour clé d’entrée thématique les discours de la recherche en neurosciences sur l’épilepsie, le projet tient à analyser les différents discours produits le long de ce chemin de médiations sémiotiques, à partir d’une étude de terrain dans un laboratoire INSERM et l’élaboration de groupes de corpus situés (articles scientifiques, lettres de consultation, transcriptions de consultation médecin/patient, autopathographies numériques, etc.). Le présent travail, dans une perspective d’ouverture de la sémiotique aux autres sciences humaines et sociales, est porté par la volonté de parvenir à une théorisation opérationnelle, à la fois anthroposémiotique et sémio-pragmatique, pour l’étude des discours scientifiques et assimilés : vers une anthroposémiotique de la communication
This PhD thesis is devoted to the study of discursivisation’s role of and semiotics founding principles in the scientific knowledge, all along the information transmission process: from the scientific research sphere to the layperson sphere, passing through medical body. The aim is to analyze the way the expert information is passing from a body to an another by mediation or remediation of discourses. By taking neurosciences research about epilepsy as an access key, this work wants to analyze discourses produced all along the semiotics mediations path, from a field study in an INSERM laboratory and the drawing up of in situ corpus groups (scientific articles, medical letters, doctor/patient consultation transcriptions, numeric autopathography, etc.). This study, in the perspective of opening semiotics to other humanities, is spurred on the willpower to reach an operational theorization, both anthroposemiotics and semiopragmatics, to study scientific discourses and equivalents: to anthroposemiotics of communication

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Hitchins, Jennifer Marie. "Posttraumatic growth as a discursive resource for managing identity after breast cancer : implications for theory, and counselling psychology practice." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2015. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/695/.

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Previous research conceptualises posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a phenomenon experienced by some people after breast cancer. In this thesis, I consider an alternative understanding of PTG; as discursive identity performance in the context of breast cancer survivorship. First, a critical review of literature on PTG after cancer is presented, with attention to rigour and methodological diversity and also with regard to the fit between existing research and counselling psychology values. It is concluded that much of the existing research is framed within a realist perspective, and accordingly, accounts of PTG are viewed as stable internal beliefs rather than socially constructed ways of managing identity. The social context in which survivorship occurs has not been adequately explored and there is a paucity of work from within the UK, and especially from amongst counselling psychologists, who, arguably, have a significant contribution to make within the psycho-oncology arena. An area for research is marked out, from the epistemological position of social construction, to explore women's accounts of life after cancer, and how they orient to and make use of PTG in this context. Following consideration of the approach taken (a synthesis of two forms of discourse analysis), I present my research with four women who were interviewed about their experiences of life after breast cancer. The analysis highlights the fine grained features of the women's talk as they manage their post-cancer identities discursively negotiating the social and moral obligation to survive well. A number of discourses, including the ‘PTG discourse’ are drawn upon, making a number of subject positions available. Notably, the PTG discourse closes down talk of troubles. Implications for theory, and for counselling psychology practice within psycho-oncology, are discussed.

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Cezayirlioglu, Andac Baran. "Rethinking Populism: ‘the People’ as a Popular Identity Subject in Bernie Sanders’ Discursive Articulation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-329960.

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This study explores the articulation of a popular political identity by the US Senator Bernie Sanders and the political coalition he communicates. The analysis part is conducted on two levels: the construction of the populist signifier ‘the people’ and the construction of the antagonist in Sanders’ political communication. The theoretical part is mostly driven by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s perspective in radical democracy, identity construction, collectiveness and the chain of equivalence. By deploying theoretically unprejudiced approach, the thesis shows how a popular identity, namely ‘the People’, emerges, how it is communicated in order to put forward an alternative reading of populism which is hotly-debated subject among scholars and political scientists. Furthermore, the thesis elaborates how the theoretical discussion proposes a way of understanding the collective subject of ‘the People’ which appears as an identifiable and contra- conjectural category. The analysis ascertains that ‘the people’, as a populist subject, emerges as collective citizens demanding equal rights and taking the larger issues of inequality at stake based on inclusive values and positions, rather than as undemocratic, authoritarian, ethnically and culturally homogenizer subjects. Consequently, any subject causing ‘injustice’ becomes the antagonized other who obliges ‘the People’ to experience misery, oppression, and discrimination. The research tackles how Senator Sanders’ political communication brings disperse identities along with the chain of equivalence, how his movement articulates the political front of ‘the People’, and how it signifies the outsider through dichotomizing the political space. The study concludes that Sanders popular articulation provides a critical perspective for us to read populist zeitgeist of the twenty-first century.

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Voss, Barbara de Lima. "Discursive constructions of social and environmental accounting in Brazil: the case of Petrobras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-09062016-172826/.

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In the 29 years following \"Our Common Future\" by the United Nations, there is considerable debate among governments, civil society, interest groups and business organisations about what constitutes sustainable development, which constitutes evidence for a contested discourse concerning sustainability. The purpose of this study is to understand this debate in the developing economic context of Brazil, and in particular, to understand and critique the social and environmental accounting [SEA] discursive constructions relating to the State-owned, Petrobras as well as to understand the Brazilian literature on SEA. The discourse theory [DT]-based analysis employs rhetorical redescription to analyse twenty-two reports from Petrobras from 2004-2013. I investigate the political notions by employing the methodological framework of the Logics of Critical Explanation [LCE]. LCE engenders five methodological steps: problematisation, retroduction, logics (social, political and fantasmatic), articulation and critique. The empirical discussion suggests that the hegemony of economic development operates to obfuscate, rhetorically, the development of sustainability, so as to maintain the core business of Petrobras conceived as capital accumulation. Equally, these articulations also illustrate how the constructions of SEA operate to serve the company\'s purpose with few (none) profound changes in integration of sustainability. The Brazilian literature on SEA sustains the status quo of neo-liberal market policies that operate to protect the dominant business case approach to maintain an agenda of wealth-creation in relation to social and environmental needs. The articulations of the case manifested in policies regarding, for example, corruption, which involved over-payments for contracts and unsustainable practices relating to the use of fossil fuels and demonstrated that there was antagonism between action and disclosure. The corruption scandal that emerged after SEA disclosures highlighted the rhetorical nature of disclosure when financial resources were subtracted from the company for political parties and engineering contractors hid facts through incomplete disclosures. The articulations of SEA misrepresent a broader context of the meanings associated with sustainability, which restricted the constructions of SEA to principally serve and represent the intention of the most powerful groups. The significance of SEA, then is narrowed to represent particular interests. The study argues for more critical studies as limited Brazilian literature concerning SEA kept a \'safe distance\' from substantively critiquing the constructions of SEA and its articulations in the Brazilian context. The literature review and the Petrobras\' case illustrate a variety of naming, instituting and articulatory practices that endeavour to maintain the current hegemony of development in an emerging economy, which allows Petrobras to continue to exercise significant profit at the expense of the social and environmental. The constructed idea of development in Petrobras\' discourses emphasises a rhetoric of wider development, but, in reality, these discourses were the antithesis of political, social and ethical developmental issues. These constructions aim to hide struggles between social inequalities and exploitation of natural resources and constitute excuses about a fanciful notion of rhetorical and hegemonic neo-liberal development. In summary, this thesis contributes to the prior literature in five ways: (i) the addition of DT to the analysis of SEA enhances the discussion of political elements such as hegemony, antagonism, logic of equivalence/difference, ideology and articulation; (ii) the analysis of an emerging economy such as Brazil incorporates a new perspective of the discussion of the discourses of SEA and development; (iii) this thesis includes a focus on rhetoric to discuss the maintenance of the status quo; (iv) the holistic structure of the LCE approach enlarges the understanding of the social, political and fantasmatic logics of SEA studies and; (v) this thesis combines an analysis of the literature and the case of Petrobras to characterise and critique the state of the Brazilian academy and its impacts and reflections on the significance of SEA. This thesis, therefore, argues for more critical studies in the Brazilian academy due to the persistence of idea of SEA and development that takes-for-granted deep exclusions and contradictions and provide little space for critiques.
Em 29 anos da publicação \"Nosso Futuro Comum\" apresentado pelas Nações Unidas, ainda há um considerável debate entre governos, sociedade civil, grupos interessados e organizações empresariais sobre o que constitui o desenvolvimento sustentável e, portanto, há evidência da contestabilidade do discurso sobre sustentabilidade. A proposta desse estudo é entender esse debate em um contexto de desenvolvimento econômico no Brasil e, em particular, entender e criticar as construções discursivas de contabilidade social e ambiental [CSA] relacionadas à estatal Petrobras, assim como discutir a literatura brasileira de CSA. A análise baseada na Discourse Theory [DT] usa redescrição retórica para analisar vinte e dois relatórios da Petrobras entre 2004 e 2013. Eu investigo as noções políticas através do emprego da metodologia chamada Logics of Critical Explanation [LCE]. A LCE tem cinco passos metodológico: problematização, explicação retrodutiva, lógicas (sociais, políticas e fantasmáticas), articulação e crítica. Os resultados sugerem que a hegemonia do desenvolvimento econômico opera para obscurecer retoricamente o desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade que mantém o core business da Petrobras igualmente concebido como acumulação de capital. Igualmente, essas articulações também ilustram como as construções de CSA operam para servir o propósito da empresa com pouca (ou nenhuma) profunda mudança na integração com a sustentabilidade. A literatura brasileira de CSA sustenta o status quo de políticas de mercado neoliberais que operam para proteger a dominante abordagem do business case para manter a agenda de geração de riqueza num cenário de necessidade sociais e ambientais. As articulações do estudo de caso manifestaram essas políticas, por exemplo, em relação à corrupção, no qual envolveu superfaturamento de contratos e práticas insustentáveis relacionadas ao uso de combustíveis fósseis os quais demonstraram que há antagonismo entre ação e disclosure. O escândalo de corrupção que surgiu após as divulgações de CSA marcou a natureza retórica do disclosure em que recursos financeiros subtraídos da empresa para partidos políticos e empreiteiras esconderam fatos através de disclosures incompletos. As articulações da CSA deturpam um contexto amplo dos significados associados com a sustentabilidade, que restringiram as construções da CSA para principalmente servir e representar a intenção dos grupos mais poderosos. A significância da CSA é, portanto, limitada para representar interesses particulares. O estudo argumenta por mais estudos críticos já que a limitada literatura brasileira sobre CSA mantém uma \'distância segura\' de substantivas críticas das construções de CSA e suas articulações no contexto brasileiro. A revisão da literatura e o caso da Petrobras ilustram a variedade de nomes, instituições e práticas articulatórias que se esforçam para manter a atual hegemonia de desenvolvimento numa economia emergente que permite à Petrobras continuar a exercer significante lucro à custa do social e do meio ambiente. A ideia construída de desenvolvimento nos discursos da Petrobras enfatiza uma retórica ampla de desenvolvimento, mas, na realidade, esses discursos são antíteses de questões políticas, sociais e éticas de desenvolvimento. Essas construções objetivam esconder as lutas entre desigualdades sociais e exploração dos recursos naturais as quais constituem pretextos sobre uma fantasiosa noção de desenvolvimento retórico, hegemônico e neoliberal. Em resumo, esta tese contribui para a antecedente literatura em cinco principais aspectos: (i) a adição da DT para a análise da CSA engrandece a discussão de elementos políticos tais como hegemonia, antagonismo, lógica de equivalência/diferença, ideologia e articulação; (ii) a análise de uma economia emergente como o Brasil incorpora uma nova perspectiva nas discussões dos discursos da CSA e do desenvolvimento; (iii) esta tese também inclui um foco na retórica para discutir a manutenção do status quo; (iv) a estrutura holística da abordagem LCE amplia os entendimentos das lógicas sociais, políticas e fantasmáticas dos estudos de CSA e; (v) esta tese combina uma análise da literatura e do caso da Petrobras para caracterizar e criticar o estado da academia brasileira e seus impactos e reflexos na significância da CSA. Esta tese, portanto, argumenta por mais estudos críticos na academia brasileira devido à persistente ideia de desenvolvimento que taken-for-granted profundas exclusões e contradições e proporciona pouco espaço para críticas.

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McDougall, Charlotte. "Historicising the Feminist: A Study of Mary Wollstonecraft's Political and Discursive Contexts." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2355.

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This thesis has investigated the life and publications of Mary Wollstonecraft. The thesis is divided in to three chapters the first chapter explores the political and social context of late Eighteenth century England in which Wollstonecraft lived the majority of her life. It then moves on to discuss the 'Revolution Controversy' and Wollstonecraft's contribution to that debate. Giving specific attention to A Vindication of the Rights of Man as it is Wollstonecraft's first political publication, and was the first published response to Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France. Without first publishing A Vindication of the Rights of Man, Wollstonecraft could not have published her most famous work. Next the second chapter investigates Eighteenth century education, and how Wollstonecraft ideas on changing the nature of education would help reform society in her eyes. Education was recognized as having special significance by many Enlightenment philosophers, this thesis looks at the contribution of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau to educational theory, and they ways in which Wollstonecraft responded to their ideas. In the final chapter the inclusive nature of Wollstonecraft's gender theory is considered. Wollstonecraft is widely recognised as publishing what became for many the founding document of modern western feminism. What is given less recognition is that Wollstonecraft was in fact interested in broad social reform, similar to many other Enlightenment philosophers, Wollstonecraft's social theory included changing education and socialisation for both women and men. Society could not be reformed without changing social and educational practices with regard to both II men and women. Wollstonecraft furthered the contemporary debate on the rights of man to include the rights of woman. Wollstonecraft criticised the unnatural distinctions of gender and class, setting out in both Vindications the negative consequences for the character of both men and women. Another less recognised aspect of Wollstonecraft's philosophy which this thesis has highlighted is the vital role that religion played, and its implications for her ideas. This aspect of Wollstonecraft's thought has tended to be over looked by many Wollstonecraft scholars, who try to place Wollstonecraft in some kind of political and social continuum which I think misses the revolutionary and far sighted nature of Wollstonecraft's philosophy. In taking a historicist approach or understanding to Wollstonecraft, by reading Wollstonecraft in the terms of the political and social environment of the late eighteenth century, it becomes easier to understand the radical nature of Wollstonecraft's ideas, and the personal hardships she faced as both a woman and a member of the lower middle class.

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Paca, Dafina. "Neither here nor there : the discursive construction of identity by Kosovo Albanians." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/93697/.

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This thesis , through critical discourse analysis and thirty - eight in - depth interviews, examines the discursive construction of UK Kosovo Albanian D iaspora iden tity by Kosovo Albanians in both the UK and Kosovo. S imultaneously , I explore how identity and national and cultural belonging are multidirectional and shaped by both a diasporic host society and a homeland context . Although s cholarshi p on migration and diasporas is prolific, t hi s thesis argues that due to prev ious predominant scholarly focus on host context s over homeland contexts , current scholarship is limited and limiting. The analysis highlights the ‘Neither Here Nor There’ phenomenon, which suggests that Kosovo Albanians in the UK do not passively identify with a homeland identity or necessarily with a host society identity, and that this identity is multiple and context bound. The empirical chapters demonstrate that homelands are not passive distant and ‘imagined’ places but politically active agents who seek to tap into their diasporas through opaque power and what I term distance based biopolitics to construct and benefit from the diaspora . My analyses also demonstrate s that ‘othering’ discourses are not exclusive to host societies but are also present in the discourses of Kosovo Albanians in Kosovo and within the diaspora communities . I explore h omeland stereotypes such as the ‘Schatzi’ phenomenon , which are embedded discursively and ideologically in Kosovo and function to construct and ‘other’ the Kosovo Albanian Diaspora, especi a lly in Germany and Switzerland. Whilst, the UK - based diaspora is often attributed with a cultural sophistication and ‘mentality’ th at makes them more accepted in Kosovo . Therefore this research suggests that to understand diaspora complexities also requires focus on the imagined diaspora and its relationship(s) with the homeland . This thesis also provides an original contribution by extending current debates and theories about migration , diaspora and identity and by highlighting how Kosovo Albanians already settled in the UK view and discursively construct their position and identities with the UK. Coupled with all these elements, my work contribute s to migration, diaspora and identity studies as well as to studies about Kosovo Albanians in the UK, which are still lacking.

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Alhashem, Mohammed Adnan. "Prosumption as a discursive practice of consumer empowerment : integration of individual resources and co-prosumption of value in an online community." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7520/.

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The purpose of this research is to explore the nature of an emerging practice known as ‘prosumption’, and interrogate its potential as a discursive practice which empowers consumers in an online community named Instructables. Prosumers combine the roles of consumers and producers to make their own products. A review of prosumption and closely-related practices (consumer co-creation) alongside discourses of consumer empowerment provides a guide to the research. A netnography-informed approach is used to collect data through a degree of participant observation and online depth interviews. Findings suggest that prosumption in Instructables is multidimensional in nature and benefits to prosumers. It suggests a typology of prosumers (assemblers, modifies, artists and inventors) to make a distinction between prosumer and co-creator roles. Findings also offer evidence of prosumption as a discursive practice of consumer empowerment through self-discipline and collective education in contrast to other exploitive practices such as consumer co-creation. This research finally contributes to the on-going evolution of consumer productivity and how consumers and producers participate as producers of value in market and society.

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Santos, Vanessa Sonia. "Designing mobile narratives: discursive strategies and participation modes in locative media art." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402510.

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This thesis investigates the design process of mobile-based narratives to verify whether the affordances and constraints of the supporting medium have contributed to shaping specific discursive strategies and particular participation modes. Have properties such as connectivity, location-awareness, portability and multimodality enabled narrative formats that gained force by contesting traditional patterns and classic narrativity notions? The unveiling of the research inquiry happens through a bricolage of methods from artistic and scientific domains. The study of the phenomenon comprises three correlated stages: 1) theoretical literature review that investigates the artistic use of locative and mobile media, and their influence in the basic principles governing narratives, 2) case study of Blast Theory artistic practice grounded in the ethnographic approach of a site-visit, and resulting in a qualitative analysis of four of their projects, 3) applied-theory activities that lead to the collaborative development of a geolocated narrative which serves to evaluate participant's experience.
Esta tesis explora el diseño de las narrativas basadas en dispositivos móviles observando si los recursos expresivos y las limitaciones del medio contribuyen a la formación de estrategias discursivas y modos de participación particulares y específicos. La conectividad, la geolocalización, la portabilidad y la multimodalidad han permitido la aparición de nuevos formatos narrativos que ganan fuerza disputando los patrones y las nociones clásicas de la narratividad? El estudio comprende tres etapas: 1) revisión de la literatura teórica que investiga el uso artístico de los locative media y su influencia en los principios básicos que rigen las narrativas, 2) estudio de caso de la práctica artística del colectivo Blast Theory, basada en el abordaje etnográfico de una visita de campo y posterior análisis cualitativo de cuatro de sus obras, 3) actividades de teoría aplicada que incluyen el desarrollo colaborativo de una narrativa geolocalizada que sirve para evaluar la experiencia de los participantes.

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Gates, Robert A. "Critical theory, neo-conservatism and the voluntary unemployment hypothesis, on the discursive practices of ordinary language as a basis for ideology-critique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ54708.pdf.

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Saito, Satomi. "Culture and authenticity: the discursive space of Japanese detective fiction and the formation of the national imaginary." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/145.

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In my thesis, I examine the discursive space of the detective fiction genre following Kasai Kiyoshi's periodization in his two-volume seminal work Tantei shosetsuron (The Theory of Detective Fiction, 1998). I investigate how Japanese detective fiction has developed in relation to Japan's modernization, industrialization, nationalism, and globalization, specifically in the 1920s-30s, the 1950s-60s, and from the 1990s to present. By historicizing the discursive formation of the genre in decisive moments in Japanese history, I examine how Japanese detective fiction delineated itself as a modern popular literature differentiating itself from serious literature (junbungaku) and also from other genres of popular fiction (taishu bungaku). My study exposes the socio-political, cultural and literary conditions that conditioned the emergence of the detective fiction genre as a problematic of Japanese society, stitching fantasy and desire for the formation of the national subject in the cultural domain. I investigate the dynamics through which Japanese detective fiction negotiates its particularity as a genre differentiating itself from the Western model and domestically from the conventional crime stories of the Edo and Meiji periods. Chapters One through Three of my study examine Japan's socio-cultural contexts after the Russo-Japanese war, specifically magazine culture and the rise of the detective fiction genre (Chapter I), the I-novel tradition and its relation to the genre (Chapter II), and representations of Tokyo as an urban center, focusing on Edogawa Ranpo's "Inju" (Beast in the Shadows, 1928) (Chapter III). Chapters Four through Six investigate the socio-cultural contexts after World War II, especially Japan's democratization in the 1950s-60s and the rearticulation of the genre through repeated debates about authenticities in Japanese detective fiction (Chapter IV), and the transition from tantei shosetsu (detective fiction) to suiri shosetsu (mystery) focusing on Yokomizo Seishi's Honjin satsujin jiken (The Honjin Murder Case, 1946) and Matsumoto Seicho's Ten to sen (Points and Lines, 1957) as representative works of the two trends (Chapter V), and finally the postmodern "return" to the prewar tradition in the 1990s (Chapter VI).

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Lifter, Rachel. "Contemporary indie and the construction of identity : discursive representations of indie, gendered subjectivities and the interconnections between indie music and popular fashion in the UK." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2012. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/5681/.

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This thesis presents a historicized account of the construction of identity within contemporary indie. Indie emerged as a music scene in the early 1980s, and existing scholarly accounts of it focus on practices of music production and consumption. Indie has expanded and diversified over the last 30 years, however. Crucially, in the UK it has become increasingly interconnected into popular fashion – a development that has transformed indie from being a space solely for the construction of masculine identities, as it was in the 1980s, into a space for the construction of both masculine and feminine identities. These transformations within indie have not been addressed, and one of the contributions of this research is to fill this gap. This thesis contributes to the field of youth cultural studies by providing new knowledge on the relationship between youth culture and popular fashion. Drawing on the Bourdieuian concept ‘field’, the thesis explores the relationship between the sub-field of indie music and the field of popular fashion in the UK, arguing that contemporary indie forms at the points of overlap between these two fields: where their value systems are mutually informative and where their value systems diverge. Drawing on Foucault’s concepts ‘discourse’ and ‘practices of the self’, this thesis explores the way in which this complex popular cultural formation creates a space for the construction of identities. Through an analysis of media representations, it considers the discursive constitution of indie, and through an analysis of participant observation and interviews, it explores the ways in which those people participating in this formation construct the self. The thesis contributes to the field of fashion studies in that it draws together these two methodologies into an examination of the construction of identity and, more specifically, gendered identities.

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Hitt, Matthew P. "Judgment-Rationale Inconsistency In The U.S. Supreme Court." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406124744.

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Comerford, Boyes Louise. "Signifying creative engagement : what is the influence of professional identity on the values that people ascribe to creative partnership projects in education?" Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4452.

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This qualitative study examines the relationship between professional group belonging and what individuals deem valuable within the creative partnership projects they carry out together in schools. There were three consecutive stages to the research. The first stage was the phenomenographic analyses of interview transcripts from twenty three teachers and twenty three creative practitioners who partnered each other to run year long projects. The second stage was the aggregation of the resulting forty six analytic outputs into formats permitting inter-group comparisons to be made. This stage included three separate analyses: not only was an individual's professional group belonging shown to impact on what they deemed valuable, but partnership type, i.e. new versus established, also had a substantive impact. The influence of school type was examined and shown to have a lesser effect. The third stage was the use of formal, academic theories to interrogate trends appearing in the results: social identity theory and social representations theory, alongside discursive psychology and readings of identity from cultural studies, were mobilized as consecutive lens on the analytic outcomes. These theories were found to be apposite and a deeper comprehension of creative partnership dynamics was arrived at. This study evidences not only a difference between what teachers and creative practitioners respectively value, but shows how the application of theory is a valuable aid in understanding the variations. This represents a major contribution to the field as the use of formal academic theories does not, as yet, feature in the discourses underpinning creative partnership work.

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Rustom-Ozone, Nisrine. "Problématiques de l'emprunt et problèmes de traduction : études de cas entre langues arabe et française." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30077/document.

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Deux notions formeront cette étude : les emprunts linguistiques d’abord et la traduction ensuite. Pour les aborder, nous nous intéresserons à des problèmes théoriques liés aux sémantiques lexicale et discursive afin de dégager les cadres théoriques de ces deux sujets en prenant appui sur des exemples authentiques dans les deux langues (français et arabe). On s’interrogera dans un premier temps sur le rôle exact de l’emprunt dans le mécanisme complexe du langage. Nous commencerons à poser les données du problème, tout d’abord, au niveau lexicologique où le contact se fera entre les mots et leurs équivalents morphosyntaxiques dans l’autre langue ; c’est le cas le plus simple à analyser. Ensuite, notre analyse s’élargira au niveau discursif, là, le discours sera affronté dans sa complexité. Contrairement à une idée reçue du structuralisme qui présente la langue comme un organisme statique, il s’agit d’un système changeant qui rétablit sans cesse ses équilibres internes compromis. Notre analyse va être basée sur la théorie praxématique qui voit que la réalité et la langue sont inséparables. L’emprunt est une preuve par son existence et son maintien, qu’une nouvelle réalité existe, utilise un nouvel élément pour la caractériser. A travers les problèmes de l’emprunt linguistique, on trouve donc des problèmes liés à la langue, au lexique et au discours. Puisque l’emprunt est le passage du lexique d’une aire linguistique à l’autre, il soulève également tous les problèmes fondamentaux de la traduction : ici c’est l’analyse discursive qui est directement concernée. Nous nous intéresserons donc à la problématique des contacts des langues, d’une part, au plan de l’unité minimale qu’est le mot, et d’autre part, à celui de son actualisation en discours qui est au coeur de la problématique de la production du sens
Two notions will train this study: the linguistic loanword at first and the translation then. To approach them, we shall be interested in theoretical problems bound in semantic lexical and discursive to loosen the theoretical frames executives of these two subjects by taking support on authentic examples in both languages (French and Arabic). First of all we will wonder on the exact role of the loanword in the complex mechanism of the language. We shall begin to put the data of the problem, first of all, at the lexicological level where the contact will be made between the words and their morphosyntactic equivalents in the other language; it is the easiest case to analyze. Then, our analysis will widen at the discursive level, there, the speech will be faced in its complexity. Contrary to a generally accepted idea of the structuralism which presents the language as a static body, it is a changeable system which restores ceaselessly its damaged internal balances. Our analysis will be based on the praxématique theory which states that the reality and the language are inseparable. The loanword is a proof by its existence and its preservation that a new reality exists, since it consists in using a new element to characterize this very reality. Through the problems of the linguistic loan, we thus find problems connected to the language, to the lexicon and to the speech. Because the loan is the passage of the lexicon of a linguistic area to the other one, it also raises all the fundamental problems of the translation: here the discursive analysis is directly concerned. We shall thus be interested in the problem of the contacts of the languages, on the one hand, to the plan shot of the minimal unit which is the word, and on the other hand, to that of its updating in speech which is in the heart of the problem of the production of the sense direction

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Pereira, Camila Claudiano Quina. "Sobre novas tecnologias de gestão que se articulam a repertórios históricos: um estudo sobre o trabalho voluntário na área da saúde." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16907.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Claudiano Quina Pereira.pdf: 1296127 bytes, checksum: ebfc01c05c8e0c1e41db06cd160faea1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-03
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Volunteer work in health-care institutions is an expanding activity that responds to, public policies that promote incentives for donations from individuals as well as private corporations with double benefits: exemption from income tax and accountability as to social responsibility programs.. Various community sectors and government agencies are involved in volunteer activities in health services. Moreover, we cannot deny the benefits that this practice offers for people who are under hospital care and are vulnerable due to illness. Based on these premises, this research has focused on the effects that the managerial theories, laws, historical repertoires and governmental interest have in volunteer work in hospital settings. Taking as a point of departure the assertion that volunteers are polissemic actors that are performed by a variety of materialities ans socialities, the aim of this research was to understand how the volunteers are performed in a public hospital in the city of São Paulo. For this purpose, we accepted the methodological challenge of adopting a constructionist approach in dialogue with Actor Network Theory's proposals that enabled us to work with the complexity and the multiple versions of volunteer activity and also suggest that the society, institutions, technologies, architecture, among others actors, are an effect or a product of a heterogeneous network of human and nonhuman. To achieve this goal we started with a literature review that enabled us to understand the complex network in wich volunteer activity in hospitals is enmeshed. The study was conducted with the collaboration of the Volunteer Association of the Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas and, in order to understand the procedures, social and material, that make up the voluntary practice in this hospital, we followed them in their daily routine. The various sources of information used in this study led us to argue that the volunteer work in healthcare is a social product, contextually located that sets in motion historical repertoires within the a heterogeneous network composed of human actors and non-humans
O trabalho voluntário na área da Saúde é uma atividade em expansão, comprometida com políticas públicas que, atualmente, movimenta recursos financeiros, desde doações de pessoas físicas até valores provenientes de empresas privadas, seja para contribuir, seja para isenção do imposto de renda ou ainda para promover um programa de responsabilidade social. Diversos setores da comunidade e órgãos públicos estão envolvidos na atividade voluntária desenvolvida nos serviços de saúde. Ademais, não podemos negar os benefícios que tal prática oferece a pessoas hospitalizadas e fragilizadas em decorrência do adoecimento. Dessas constatações chegamos à indagação sobre os efeitos que a gestão, as leis, os repertórios históricos e o interesse governamental têm no trabalho voluntário. Trata-se de uma figura polissêmica que é performada por materialidades e sociabilidades distintas. Por isso, nossa questão para este trabalho foi observar como o voluntário é performado no hospital. Acatamos o desafio metodológico de partir da postura construcionista para um diálogo com a proposta da Teoria Ator Rede que nos permitiu trabalhar com a complexidade e a multiplicidade de versões da atividade voluntária, além de sugerir que a sociedade, as instituições, as tecnologias, a arquitetura, dentre outros, são vistos como um efeito ou um produto de uma rede heterogênea de humanos e não humanos. Para consecução desse objetivo iniciamos com uma pesquisa bibliográfica que nos possibilitou entender a complexa trama na qual se insere a atividade de voluntários na área hospitalar. Para ser foco desse estudo, selecionamos a Associação dos Voluntários do Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, no qual acompanhamos o cotidiano dos voluntários para compreender os procedimentos, as materialidades e socialidades que compõem a prática voluntária nesse hospital e que performam o voluntário. As diversas fontes de informação utilizadas nesse estudo nos propiciaram argumentar que o voluntário na área da Saúde é um produto social, contextualmente localizado, performado pelos repertórios históricos e pela complexa rede heterogênea, composta por atores humanos e não humanos em que está inserido

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Xarão, Ariane da Silva. "A configuração estratégica do discurso em peças publicitárias de refrigerante à base de guaraná: um estudo comparativo entre anunciantes brasileiros." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6343.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This dissertation seek to investigate the speech strategic configuration in the television advertisement plays, comparing the sodas' advertisers Antarctica and Kuat. Understanding the advertising like a product of a process of senses production, the sodas' formula are as important as the form that speech's formula take on the competitive market. Because of this, through the semiotics analysis in discursive level of the text, trying to compare the strategic configurations that the advertising plays in both marks. Investigating what the text say and how it does to say this.
Esta proposta de dissertação busca investigar a configuração estratégica do discurso em peças publicitárias televisivas, comparando os anunciantes dos refrigerantes Antarctica e Kuat. Compreendendo a publicidade como produto de um processo de produção de sentidos, ocorre que tão importante quanto a fórmula do refrigerante é a fórmula que seu discurso assume em meio a um mercado competitivo. Em função disso, através de uma análise semiótica em nível discursivo do texto, buscam-se comparar as configurações estratégicas das peças publicitárias de ambas as marcas, de modo a investigar o que o texto diz e como faz para dizer o que diz.

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33

Castro, Sabrina Vianna de. "Pelas janelas: um estudo semiolinguístico das capas de livros ilustrados." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3493.

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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de capas de livros ilustrados, que, em geral, apresentam um complexo entrelaçamento entre as linguagens verbal e visual em sua constituição. Acredita-se que a capa seja um recurso fundamental de captação de leitores no qual a editora se apoia e investe inúmeras estratégias a fim conquistar um duplo destinatário: a criança e o adulto. Para a realização desse estudo, são utilizados os pressupostos da Teoria Semiolinguística de Análise do Discurso, postulada por Patrick Charaudeau, com destaque aos seguintes conceitos-chave: duplo processo de semiotização do mundo; contrato de comunicação; memórias discursivas; estratégias discursivas e visadas discursivas. Observa-se que, nas capas, o contrato de comunicação se encontra em uma situação de monolocução, sem a copresença física dos parceiros (editora e leitor), configurando-se em um contrato de troca postergada. Para tal, as estratégias discursivas de captação, credibilidade e legitimação empregadas pelo sujeito comunicante mostram a imagem do sujeito-produtor (editora) e a imagem que este projeta do destinatário (leitor) – que deseja atrair para a compra do livro. Tais estratégias estão intimamente ligadas às visadas discursivas que pressupõem a intencionalidade psico-sócio-discursiva do sujeito comunicante. Como os livros ilustrados apresentam um endereçamento duplo, a editora irá se apoiar, também, nas memórias discursivas, recurso que pretende acessar saberes em ambos os públicos, despertando a curiosidade e criando vínculos, através da capa, para a posterior leitura do livro. Verifica-se, também, que a capa de livro ilustrado constitui um gênero textual específico, por se configurar em torno de uma intenção - captação do leitor/consumidor -, apresentando design elaborado e elementos constitutivos recorrentes: título, imagem, nome do autor e da editora
This paper presents a study of picture books covers by having a complex interweaving between the verbal and visual languages that are closely linked. It is believed that the cover is a key resource for readers pickup in which the publisher builds and invests numerous strategies to win a double recipient: the child and the adult. To this end, the assumptions of The Semiolinguistic Theory of Discourse Analysis by Patrick Charaudeau highlighting the key concepts of this theory are used: double process of semiotization the world; communications contract; discursive memories, discursive strategies; targeted discursive. It is observed that the communications contract is in a monolocation situation, that is, without the physical presence of the co-partners (publisher and reader), setting up in an exchange contract postponed. To this end, the discursive strategies of funding, credibility and legitimacy employed by the subject connecting, show the image of this subjectproducer (publisher) and the image that projects the recipient (reader) - that want to attract to purchase the book. Such strategies are closely linked to discursive targeted assume that intentionality psycho social discourse of the subject connecting. As the picture books have a double address, the publisher will be supported also in the discursive memories, these resources who want to access knowledge in both public, arousing the curiosity and linking, first, through the hood, in order to further reading book. There is also the picture book cover constitutes its own genre, to present a proposal and natural and stable elements in this communication contract

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Blotta, Vítor Souza Lima. "O direito da comunicação: reconstrução dos princípios normativos da esfera pública política a partir do pensamento de Jürgen Habermas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-29102012-144812/.

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O presente estudo procura estabelecer, a partir de uma reavaliação e atualização dos estudos de Jürgen Habermas sobre esfera pública e direito, os fundamentos teóricos e práticos do Direito da Comunicação, uma teoria crítica do direito que restabelece o vínculo interno entre direito e esfera pública política, e com isso fornece um modelo complementar a teoria procedimental de Habermas, fortalecendo as condições para a produção de uma legitimidade democrática do poder em sociedades pluralistas.
The present work aims at establishing, through a reevaluation and actualization of Jürgen Habermas studies on public sphere and law, the theoretical and practical grounds of Communication Law, a critical theory of law that recovers the internal relation between law and the political public sphere, and in doing so, provides a complementary model to Habermas procedural theory, enhancing the conditions for the production of a democratic legitimacy of power in pluralist societies.

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Guven, Erdem. "Participation To Administration In Capitalist Society: Theoretical And Political Limitations Of The Critical And Radical Administrative Theories." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614812/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims at critically examining the specific place of the "
critical"
and "
radical"
theories within both the theory of public administration and political theory, particularly in terms of the discursive participatory framework they offer. The fundamental question dealt with is whether or not the power and dependence analyses of these approaches (which are treated as '
marginal'
in the field) is convincing for an egalitarian, comprehensive and socially transformative democratic governance. Since a discussion of this sort essentially problematizes the reduction of political equality to a proceduralist and abstract philosophical equality, not to commit a similar fallacy of "
apriorism"
, the study incorporates the observations on LA-21 Turkey processes as a local governance program, in terms of a concrete contribution to theoretical discussion. In the light of direct observations, interviews and data obtained from secondary resources regarding the participatory practices, the level of organization and current capacity of political representation are inferred to be also decisive on the capacity to participate, owing this decisiveness substantially to the economic and social resources in the real social formation, hence the conditions of production of local knowledge are consequently identified as far from reflecting a democratic environment purified from power relations. Highlighting the risk for the notion of self-governance to gain a hegemonic functionality for bourgeoisie democracy concealing and perpetuating social inequalities, the thesis argues for shifting the inquire for the dominant class, from solely political-administrative sphere to civil society, and the maintainable and reproductive conditions and mechanisms of dominance between these two spheres.

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Watt, Diane P. "Juxtaposing Sonare and Videre Midst Curricular Spaces: Negotiating Muslim, Female Identities in the Discursive Spaces of Schooling and Visual Media Cultures." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19973.

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Muslims have the starring role in the mass media’s curriculum on otherness, which circulates in-between local and global contexts to powerfully constitute subjectivities. This study inquires into what it is like to be a female, Muslim student in Ontario, in this post 9/11 discursive context. Seven young Muslim women share stories of their high schooling experiences and their sense of identity in interviews and focus group sessions. They also respond to images of Muslim females in the print media, offering perspectives on the intersections of visual media discourses with their lived experience. This interdisciplinary project draws from cultural studies, postcolonial feminist theory, and post-reconceptualist curriculum theorizing. Working with auto/ethno/graphy, my own subjectivity is also brought into the study to trouble researcher-as-knower and acknowledge that personal histories are implicated in larger social, cultural, and historical processes. Using bricolage, I compose a hybrid text with multiple layers of meaning by juxtapositing theory, image, and narrative, leaving spaces for the reader’s own biography to become entangled with what is emerging in the text. Issues raised include veiling obsession, Islamophobia, absences in the school curriculum, and mass media as curriculum. Muslim females navigate a complex discursive terrain and their identity negotiations are varied. These include creating Muslim spaces in their schools, wearing hijab to assert their Muslim identity, and downplaying their religious identity at school. I argue for the need to engage students and teacher candidates in complicated conversations on difference via auto/ethno/graphy, pedagogies of tension, and epistemologies of doubt. Educators and researchers might also consider the possibilities of linking visual media literacy with social justice issues.

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Andersson, Ingrid. "What's the matter with discourse? : An alternative reading of Karen Barad's philosophy." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-136518.

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The theoretical movement known under the heading of posthumanism has entered the academic field. Posthumanisms most prominent feature is to retrieve the concept of matter into the analytical framework. Matter is understood to be under-theorized within the social sciences as a result of the permeative focus upon language and discourse. A prevailing understanding of posthumanism that has been used within educational science and philosophy thus consists of moving the searchlight from language/discourse onto matter. Notably, these scholars are turning to the philosopher Karen Barad in order to spell out their posthumanistic implications. The aim of the thesis is to give an account of the philosophy of Karen Barad in contrast to other prevailing renderings of her. The analysis is carried out using a contrastive methodological approach. In this study I demonstrate how my reading of Barad differs from the scholarly readings that I choose to engage with. The results show that with an alternative conceptual understanding of Barad’s posthumanistic theory the analysis is being steered towards the entanglement of matter and discourse rather than towards the materialistic components of a posed problem. In addition, the results also show how a focus on the ontological underpinnings of Barad’s theoretical framework can give crucial contributions when it comes to understanding the generative conditions of science and knowledge-making.

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38

Gay, Lauriane. "À la recherche de l'hégémonie : la fabrique très politique des politiques publiques foncières en Ouganda sous le National Resistance Movement (NRM) : Entre changement et inertie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD017/document.

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Le foncier, entendu comme des relations entre les humains à propos de la terre, est au cœur de la répartition des pouvoirs, particulièrement dans les sociétés à dominantes agraires. Encadrer sa gestion à travers la formulation d'une politique publique signifie altérer les rapports entre l'État et les pouvoirs locaux, et la manière dont l’État entend construire un pouvoir de contrôle sur les hommes et le territoire. À travers l'exemple de l'Ouganda sous le régime du National Resistance Movement (NRM), cette thèse en science politique analyse la manière dont une politique publique foncière se fabrique en interaction avec les structures de pouvoir. Nous touchons ici aux rapports entre polity, politics et policy. Appréhendée comme une activité politique, la fabrication d’une politique publique foncière en contextes africains n’est pas qu’une affaire d’État. Elle est une source de légitimité politique pour les acteurs intégrés au processus. Son instrumentalisation peut profiter à un changement de rapports de force. Ce processus commence à partir de la fabrication des énoncés de problème et aboutit à la négociation d'une solution. Cette recherche inductive se fonde sur des méthodes de recherche qualitative : observations participantes, entretiens semi-structurés, recours à la littérature grise et aux archives. Elle est le fruit d'un travail de terrain de quatre ans en Ouganda. Cette thèse innove d'un point de vue théorique en intégrant l'approche discursive et pragmatique de l'action publique à l'approche structurationniste. Elle lie cette approche à la notion « d'historicité de l’État importé ». Ce cadre théorique permet d'étudier les mouvements d'ordre et de désordre de la société qu'engendre la formulation des énoncés de problème et de solution. Elle fournit aussi un apport empirique détaillé à l'étude de la politique foncière en Ouganda. Cette thèse contribue ainsi à l'étude de la démocratisation en Afrique, de celle du foncier en Afrique, et de celle des politiques publiques en contextes africains
Land tenure, defined as the set of relations among humans that determine their interaction with land, lies at the heart of power struggles, especially in agrarian societies. Governing land management through public policy means changing power relations between the state and the local institutions that exercise social control. Using Uganda under the regime of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) as its case study, this thesis in political science explores the manner a public policy concerning land is constructed through the interactions among various power structures. We are dealing here with the interactions among polity, politics and policy. Examined as a political activity, the construction of a public policy concerning land in African contexts goes beyond a matter of concern for the state alone. This activity is a source of political legitimacy for those actors participating in the process. Its instrumentalisation can lead to changes in power relations. This process starts with the construction of the problem and ends with the negotiation of a solution. This inductive research is based on qualitative research methods : participant observation, semi-structured interviews, analysis of grey literature and of archives. It is based on four years of field work in Uganda. This thesis innovates theoretically as it integrates the discursive and pragmatic approach of public policy to structuration theory. It ties this approach to the notion of « historicity of the imported state ». This theoretical framework allows us to study the ordering and disordering of society that are triggered by the formulation of problems and solutions. It provides a detailed empirical study of public policy concerning land in Uganda. This thesis contributes, more generally, to the study of democratisation in Africa, land tenure in Africa and public policy in African contexts

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Larry, Farida. "Discursive assessment practices in a special school for girls identified with a disability in one Arabic-speaking Gulf-Arabian country." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284464.

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This study examines discursive assessment practices in a special school for girls identified with a disability in an Arabian-Gulf country. The study is driven by a notable absence of research on girls with disability in the Arab world, and the need for analysing practices that shape their identities and future trajectories. To disclose the mechanisms, processes, and tools influencing the coconstruction of girls' identities by members of a multidisciplinary team, I developed an analytic framework that draws on three theories: systemic functional linguistics, critical genre analysis and sociocultural theory of discourse and identity production. The main data source is the audio-record of conversations that took place at case-conference meetings (CCMs). To describe the genre of a CCM and to disclose what went on, who was involved, and what outcomes were achieved, I constructed three narratives: 'The most relevant thing about us', 'Much ado about everything', and 'Not so great expectations'. These narratives revealed the object, goals, and the outcomes of talk. With respect to the object of talk, or the knowledge underpinning assessment practices, there was much focus on girls' diagnostic histories and scores in IQ tests; they were given a high priority and perceived as key to understanding the girls. Analysis also revealed a resistance to move beyond dichotomous thinking (i.e. girls are either trainable or educable). The goals of talk were to pass on information, to share assessment results, and to list objectives for intervention, each practitioner within her domain of expertise. This mode of passing on - rather than - discussing information and assessment results limited the prospect to benefit from the distributed knowledge of practitioners. The outcomes of talk were mediated by the two preceding discursive actions. A preoccupation with girls' medical diagnosis, and a focus on passing on rather than discussing assessment reinforced deficit thinking. Further, categories assigned to girls stood as self-fulfilling prophesies, and as predictors of girls' future performance. The space to create more positive identities was evident, however, where practitioners knew little about girls' genetic or developmental disabilities. The implications of these objectifying practices are serious with respect to Gulf-Arabian countries and to similar Muslim sociocultural contexts. Perceiving diagnosis as the absolute truth feeds fatalistic beliefs further and results in inactivity and invisibility. Implications are offered for policy and practice and for future research.

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Chatterje-Doody, Precious Nicola. "Conceptions of security : history, identity and Russian foreign policy in the twenty-first century." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.644513.

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Situated within a global context of political unease over Russia’s involvement in Ukraine, this thesis challenges views of Russian foreign policy as enigmatic and unpredictable. It examines the relationship between identity politics, conceptions of security, and the foreign policy preferences of the Russian political elite. It shows how particular aspects of Russian identity that are dominant in different international contexts work to structure policy preferences. This contributes to the pursuit of apparently contradictory objectives across these settings, and to inconsistencies between the rhetoric and reality of Russian security policy. Previous studies have looked into the impact of Russian identity on its policy preferences, but most have taken a limited, instrumentalist view of identity as a tool that is mobilised by political elites to further their existing policy preferences. By contrast, this thesis argues that conscious elite mobilisation of identity provides only part of the picture. Visions of Russian identity (and consequently of its international role) are constrained by institutional factors. These include the linked historical development of the Russian military, economy and education/research sectors. Following a discursive understanding of institutions, they also include the limited number of ways in which identity has previously been represented. These factors produce subconscious constraints on the imagining of Russian identity. This limited conceptualisation of Russian identity has become even more specific in the Putin era, due to the political elite’s frequent repetition of one, highly restrictive, narrative of a ‘usable’ history, presented as the factual background to policy discussion. This narrative foregrounds favoured events, associating them with preferred identity themes. Resultant ‘truths’ of Russian identity then provide a framework for foreign policy. Particular elements of this framework dominate Russia’s relationships with different multinational bodies, impacting on the type of policy cooperation pursued. In relations with the EU, focus on Russia’s equal contribution to European civilisation brings normative incompatibilities between the parties to the fore and acts as a barrier to compromise. With contrasting visions of their identities in their shared region, of what security there should look like, and of how it should be achieved, Russia-EU cooperation has been most effective when undertaken in a specific, sectoral manner. Anticipating the ‘West’s’ relative decline in global influence, Russia has gradually downgraded EU relations whilst pursuing a ‘multivector’ foreign policy that emphasises alternative partners. Capitalising on its identity as one of the BRICS rising powers, Russia has been able to pursue a joint challenge to the contemporary structure of the international order, facilitated by members’ shared convictions of the inequities of the existing system, and of their subordinate positions within it. Here, Russia’s identity as a cultural bridge has been emphasised, giving it a unique possibility to negotiate between the old and the new global powers. Most recently, Russia has built upon its identity as a continent-straddling regional leader, and a supposedly natural representative of Eurasia. In developing the Eurasian Union, Russia seeks to use its privileged regional role to ensure continued global relevance during an anticipated, and desired, transition to global multipolarity. This is a new reading of Russian ‘great power’, in which Russia’s multiple international roles are combined to give it the greatest possible level of influence in determining new global structures.

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41

Rosenbrand, Jeglertz Cornelia. "The Backsliding of Women's Rights in Poland : A Qualitative Study of the Polish Framing of the EuropeanUnion’s Gender Equality Policies and Gender Mainstreaming." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185008.

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The Polish Law and Justice party has initiated domestic policies and regulations that challenge women’s rights. Poland is a member of the European Union where the gender inequality issues have never had such a high priority before and the union is currently operating under the Gender Mainstreaming strategy alongside with additional approaches. The two folded aim of this thesis is to create an understanding on how the Polish politicalauthorities can present backsliding tendencies of women’s rights by studying how thedomestic political institutions frame gender equality policies and Gender Mainstreaming followed by how the Polish political agents can legitimize the framings and implementations to the Polish society through the public discourse. A qualitative discourse analysis will be applied on materials from the EU, Polish politicalprograms and secondary sources such as news articles. The empirical findings suggest that the backsliding is part of a non-linear process where the Polish framing and implementation of policies on gender equality both converge and diverge from the EU. In the latest years, an incremental process of backsliding tendencies has appeared. As for the political discourse, the gender equality policies often end up in the background, overruled by pro-family policies. Also, the inadequate implementations and domestic framings is legitimized by the referencesto the foundational ideas of Polish society, where the EU challenges the traditional familywith “harmful gender ideologies”.

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42

Attruia, Francesco. "La politique de communication de la Commission Européenne en matière d'emploi et de lutte contre la discrimination : une approche sémantico-énonciative et discursive." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0115/document.

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Notre thèse a pour objet une analyse sémantique des discours de la Commission européenne sur l'emploi et la lutte contre la discrimination. Le corpus est constitué par les publications de la Direction générale « Emploi, affaires sociales et inclusion » de la Commission et rassemble un matériau linguistique de 155 documents parus entre 2004 et 2011. En s'inscrivant dans la tradition de l'analyse du discours politique, cette étude prend appui sur les acquis de la linguistique de l'énonciation, de la pragmatique et des théories de l'argumentation afin de dégager, pour mieux les observer et théoriser, certaines propriétés inhérentes aux discours politiques et institutionnels. Il s'agira, plus exactement, de cerner les procédés linguistiques et discursifs à l'oeuvre dans notre corpus et, corollairement, d'observer comment ceux-ci participent à la construction et à la stabilisation du sens et de la référence en discours. Notre thèse est structurée en deux parties. La première (chapitres 1-2) est consacrée à la présentation du corpus et des cadres théorique et méthodologique. La deuxième (chapitres 3-5) portera sur l'analyse sémantico-énonciative et discursive du corpus
The purpose of this thesis is to analyse, from a semantic and enunciative point of view, the European Union's discourse on employment and the fight against discrimination. The Corpus is made up of 155 documents published between 2004 and 2011 by the European Commission's DG for Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion. Our goal is to observe the way linguistic phenomena described in this work contribute to the construction and discourse stabilization of the linguistic sense and reference. The thesis is structured as follows: the first part will be dedicated to the presentation of the corpus and problematic. This section also contains the fundamental principles of enunciative semantics along with a description of the AntConc software we will employ in order to explore the reference corpus. The second part is focused on the corpus analysis and is divided into three chapters. The first one deals with the linguistic expression of subjectivity and will concentrate on the study of the enunciative modalities. The second one is dedicated to an analysis of the enunciative heterogeneity of the European Union's discourse, in particular from the Scandinavian Theory of Linguistic Polyphony's point of view. Finally, in the last chapter, we will observe the way a verbal sequence ? whether it be a collocation, a simple or complex syntagma, may create a speech event

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43

Jackson, Elizabeth C. "Conceptualizing international development project sustainability through a discursive theory of institutionalization : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1296.

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Oliveira, Fernanda Germani de. "Práticas discursivas maternas e compreensão de estados mentais: um estudo com crianças de 3 anos e 6 meses a 4 anos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16491.

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The present paper report investigates the hypothesis of an association between the language experiences of a child has along family environment (here also considering influence from kindergarten school) and the development of a mental state comprehension. This experiment questions what effects an intervention program with mothers, which aims to orient them to use mental state explanatory language (their own mental state and others) causes on a mind theory development on children from 3,6 years old to 4 years old, both boys and girls. The research occurred in two local kindergarten schools from Itajaí city (SC). About 40 motherschild pairs participated in the study where 20 of them were the experimental group (GE) and the others 20 pairs were the control group (GC). This almost-experimental research type was divided into three parts: a) Pre-test: the five first tasks from the mind theory study of Wellman and Liu (2004) studies were applied to the children and only the ones who did not reached the right answers to the fifth question of false believe attribution participated in the study. The mothers were asked to tell a story to their child participating on the research. b) Experimental intervention aiming to orient the mothers to use verbs and other mental terms to narrate stories which consisted of characters mental state attribution and comprehension, including desire, intention and others believes attribution. The training lasted four sessions, one session a week. Mothers from the control group were guided to narrate the same stories with no specific orientation of how to do it. Each week the researcher met the mother for an interview about the instructions given on the previous week. The mother was told to keep the book story during a week and she was oriented to try a verbal interaction with her child, repeating the same story always emphasizing mental states c) Post-Test: after a week from the intervention, the children were evaluated using the same five tasks from mind theory study. Again, the mothers were asked to tell the child a story, using the same book story previously used in the pre-test phase. The results presented that language causes a strong effect on the development of mind theory in children and on the experimental group these effects were significantly more present where mothers were asked to use verbs and other mental terms. Post-test phase showed that children from both groups (GE) and (GC) made progress on mental state comprehension however children from (GE) did it better especially on the false believe task. Therefore, these results support the hypotheses that lead to an existence of a relation between the ability to attribute mental state and language development. It also leads for the fact that conversation between mother-child pairs made it possible to develop the ability of comprehending and attributing mental but the use of mental terms on purpose the way it was done on the (GE), sure causes more effect and benefits the performance in false believe tasks
O presente estudo verificou a hipótese de uma associação entre as experiências de linguagem que a criança possui no meio familiar (considerando também as influências na escola de educação infantil) e o desenvolvimento da compreensão de estados mentais. Pergunta-se que efeitos um programa de intervenção com as mães, visando orientá-las no uso de linguagem explicativa de estados mentais (próprios e alheios), produz no desenvolvimento de uma teoria da mente, em crianças de 3 anos e 6 meses a 4 anos, de ambos os sexos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em duas instituições escolares de educação infantil, localizadas no município de Itajaí (SC). Participaram 40 díades mãe-criança, sendo 20 designadas para compor o grupo experimental (GE) e 20 para compor o grupo controle (GC). A pesquisa, de tipo quaseexperimental, foi desenvolvida em três fases. a) Pré-teste: foram aplicadas as cinco primeiras tarefas de teoria da mente do estudo de Wellman e Liu (2004) e só participaram do estudo as crianças que não deram resposta correta à quinta tarefa, de atribuição de crença falsa. As mães foram solicitadas a contar uma história para o(a) seu(sua) filho(a) participante da pesquisa. b) Intervenção experimental com o objetivo de orientar as mães para que utilizassem verbos e outros termos mentais para narrar histórias que envolviam compreensão e atribuição de estados mentais aos personagens, incluindo desejos, intenções e atribuição de crença ao outro. Foram realizadas 4 sessões de treinamento, uma por semana. As mães do grupo controle foram orientadas a narrar as mesmas histórias, sem orientação específica sobre o modo de fazê-lo. Cada semana o pesquisador teve um encontro com a mãe, onde fez uma entrevista com ela, sobre as atividades relacionadas às instruções dadas durante a semana anterior. A mãe ficava com o livro de história durante a semana e foi orientada a exercitar a interação verbal com a criança, contando a mesma história, sempre ressaltando os estados mentais. c) Pós-teste: após uma semana da intervenção, as crianças foram avaliadas, por meio da aplicação das mesmas cinco tarefas de teoria da mente. As mães foram solicitadas novamente a contar uma história para a criança. Foi utilizado o mesmo livro de história do pré-teste. Os resultados mostraram um forte efeito da linguagem, sobre o desenvolvimento da teoria da mente nas crianças, sendo esse efeito maior no grupo experimental, em que as mães foram orientadas a utilizar verbos e termos mentais. No pós-teste as crianças dos dois grupos mostraram progressos na compreensão de estados mentais, mas as do grupo experimental progrediram mais. E seu desempenho foi significativamente melhor nas tarefas de crença falsa. Esses resultados dão sustentação à hipótese de uma relação entre habilidade de atribuição de estados mentais e desenvolvimento da linguagem. Mostraram que as conversações realizadas entre as díades mãe-criança possibilitaram o desenvolvimento da habilidade de compreender e atribuir estados mentais, mas que o uso intencional de termos mentais, nas condições do grupo experimental, produz maiores efeitos e favorece o desempenho nas tarefas de crença falsa

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Maziani, Anastasia. "Classroom Discourse and Aspects of Conversation Analysis : A qualitative study on student-to-student interaction during group discussion in EFL classrooms." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45089.

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This study aimed to analyse organised interaction and assigned discussions occurring between students in EFL classrooms. It was conducted in order to identify the value-added in terms of learning by using discussion groups. Secondly, this study aimed to analyse how the contribution of models and approaches from pragmatics and discourse analysis can explain what is occurring during such conversations. Lastly, the structural and linguistic similarities and differences between teacher-to-student and student-to-student talk were also discussed. These questions were answered by examining four groups enrolled in English 6 in an upper secondary school located in the south part of Sweden. The qualitative data was collected through recordings from the students' discussions when they participated in a group speaking task as a part of the module of surveillance. The analysis of the data was conducted with the help of some of the aspects of conversation analysis. The results showed that not all of the participants in the group discussions sufficiently benefitted from the speaking task since, in most of the group, the need for the teacher's support was crucial in order for the students to use the target language and develop their speaking skills. In terms of the Speech Act Theory, the illocutionary acts identified in the conversations between students were that of the directive and assertive illocutionary acts used to pass the speaking turn to the other participants or to demonstrate agreement with the views of the previous turn. The conversational exchange was initiated by an opening framing move, followed by a response, but lacked follow-up moves in the form of feedback. Finally, there were some similarities and differences between teacher-to-student and student-to-student talk. The results showed that even if some of the students appeared to adapt to the role of the facilitator, they were not able to do so due to lack of knowledge to sufficiently support all the participants in order to be more active during the conversations and use the target language during the speaking task.

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Workman, Constance Bradamanda Josephine. "Analyzing Peer Discourse Patterns During Paired Discussions About Literature." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524166853085813.

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Faury, Simone Dib. "Administração discursiva nas bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro / Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia, 2013. http://ridi.ibict.br/handle/123456789/703.

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It proposes discursive administration in brazilian academic libraries which is considered a current forms of administration alternative. It discusses the main features of the information society and the technological developments and the impacts on education, especially in universities, to contextualize the changes in academic libraries. It presents main aspects of theories of Communicative Action and Discourse of Jürgen Habermas and the basic assumptions of discourse administration, from these theories. It addresses the management of academic libraries, based on the literature, aiming to show brief history on the subject. It presents the results of empirical research shown in the oral communications of the National Seminar of University Libraries in the years of 2004, 2008 and 2012 that report forms of administration used in these libraries. The results reveal that most forms of administration in that period is related to contemporary approaches in the area of administration, indicating linkage between this area and Librarianship; 36% of the universe analyzed come under some aspect, the focus on technology and 23% in the communicative approach; the administration discursive assumptions not identified the universe analyzed, and finally it suggests the predominance of instrumental rationality in these organizations. It presents general guidelines for discourse administration in brazilian university libraries in order to offer help to the managers of these libraries and to encourage reflection and debate on the administration of libraries in contemporary society
Propõe administração discursiva nas bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras, como alternativa às formas de administração vigentes. Discorre sobre as principais características da sociedade da informação, sobre a evolução tecnológica e os impactos na educação, especialmente nas universidades, para contextualizar as mudanças nas bibliotecas universitárias. Apresenta os aspectos principais das teorias do Agir Comunicativo e do Discurso de Jürgen Habermas bem como os pressupostos básicos da administração discursiva, a partir das teorias habermasianas. Aborda a administração das bibliotecas universitárias com base na literatura, visando a mostrar breve histórico sobre o tema. Expõe os resultados da pesquisa empírica realizada nas comunicações orais do Seminário Nacional de Bibliotecas Universitárias, nos anos de 2004, 2008 e 2012, que mostram as formas de administração utilizadas nessas bibliotecas. Os resultados revelam que a maioria das formas de administração contempladas na amostra tem relação com as abordagens contemporâneas da área de Administração, indicando vínculo entre essa área e a Biblioteconomia; que 36% do universo analisado contemplam, sob algum aspecto, o enfoque tecnológico, e 23%, o enfoque comunicacional; que os pressupostos da administração discursiva não são identificados no universo analisado; por fim, sugere predominância da racionalidade instrumental nessas organizações. Apresenta as diretrizes gerais para administração discursiva nas bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras, procurando auxiliar os gestores dessas bibliotecas e incentivar a reflexão e o debate sobre a administração das bibliotecas na sociedade contemporânea

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Margarido, Renata. "Se penso, é porque existo: as construções correlativas com \'se...verbo ser + porque\' sob uma perspectiva funcionalista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-09122016-153110/.

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Nesta tese, objetiva-se investigar o funcionamento sintático, semântico e pragmático das construções com se... verbo ser + porque sob uma perspectiva da teoria funcionalista da linguagem. Utilizam-se os postulados de Dik (1989), que propõe um modelo de interação verbal, segundo o qual, na construção dos enunciados linguísticos, o falante antecipa uma possível interpretação do ouvinte e este reconstrói a intenção comunicativa do falante. Assim, na análise dos enunciados, os fatores sintático e semântico são conjugados ao componente pragmático. Baseia-se, ainda, nas considerações de Taylor (2003) e Rosch (2004), que defendem que as fronteiras de uma categoria são flexíveis; tal ideia conduz à questão da fluidez semântica, presente na construção com se... ser porque. Em relação à metodologia, para a exemplificação da construção em estudo na parte teórica, usam-se textos jornalísticos contemporâneos de diversificados gêneros discursivos; para a análise semântica e pragmática, utilizam-se entrevistas jornalísticas (contemporâneas), pois estas trazem natureza interativa, compatível com a construção em pauta; para o exame da formação da estrutura com se... ser porque, adota-se, especialmente, o Corpus do Português, visto que esse material permite a visualização de dados em uma diacronia. No que concerne à natureza sintática das construções com se... ser porque, verifica-se que: i) elas constituem uma correlação entre duas hipotaxes; ii) elas são construções híbridas, e as orações condicional e causal não possuem oração matriz explícita. No que tange à questão semântica, aliada ao componente pragmático, observa-se que: i) a oração com se pode ser factual, demonstrando, por exemplo, concordância do locutor em relação à avaliação feita pelo interlocutor; ii) a oração com se pode ser hipotética, sentido que, na estrutura com se... ser porque, é compatível com a expressão da habitualidade, com a presença do matiz temporal; iii) há, muitas vezes, fluidez semântica em se... ser porque, com a manifestação dos valores de causa e de conclusão; iv) a leitura causal não se limita a uma relação entre causa e consequência, pois há casos em que se manifesta uma conexão entre motivação e ação; v) são expressos dois tipos de conclusão, a dedução e a abdução; e a determinação do tipo de conclusão envolve certa subjetividade, não se restringindo, assim, a uma questão lógica. Em relação à organização discursiva, constata-se que: i) a oração condicional atua como tópico, trazendo resumo, paráfrase, contraste ou exemplificação; ii) o verbo ser atua como focalizador, tomando como escopo a segunda oração da correlação e explicitando, muitas vezes, informação nova; iii) a oração com ser porque é utilizada para anular outras inferências possíveis, e o segmento focalizado indica, entre outros aspectos, informação solicitada pelo interlocutor, negação de ideia exposta anteriormente, confirmação. A partir dos resultados obtidos, é possível questionar conceitos tradicionalmente estabelecidos, como a atribuição apenas do sentido de hipótese à oração condicional e somente do valor semântico de causa à oração causal. Além disso, esta tese tem como objeto de estudo uma construção ainda pouco investigada em pesquisas linguísticas, podendo, assim, oferecer subsídios para novas reflexões sobre a estrutura com se... ser porque.
This research investigates the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic operation of constructions with \"if... verb to be + because\" under the perspective of the functionalist theory of language. The Dik\'s (1989) postulates are used. They propose a verbal interaction model, according to which, in the construction of linguistic utterances, the speaker anticipates a possible interpretation of the listener, who reconstructs the communicative intention of the speaker. Thus, in the analysis of the utterances, the syntactic and semantic factors are conjugated to the pragmatic component. It is also based on considerations of Taylor (2003) and Rosch (2004), who advocate that the boundaries of a category are flexible; such idea leads to the question of semantic fluidity, present in the construction with if... be because. Regarding the methodology for exemplification of the construction under study in theoretical part, contemporary journalistic texts of diverse genres are used; for semantic and pragmatic analysis, contemporary journalistic interviews are used, as these bring interactive nature, compatible with the construction in question; for examination of the formation of the structure if... be because, the \"Corpus of Portuguese \" is embraced, specially, as this material allows the visualization of data in a diachrony. Regarding the syntactic nature of constructions with if... be because, it can be noticed that: i) they constitute a correlation between two hypotaxis constructions; ii) they are hybrid constructions, and conditional and causal clauses have no matrix clause. Regarding the semantic issue, allied to pragmatic component, it is observed that: i) clauses with if may be factual, showing, for example, agreement of the speaker in relation to the assessment made by the interlocutor; ii) clauses with if may be hypothetical, a meaning that in the structure if... be because is compatible with the habitual expression, with presence of temporal nuance; iii) quite often, there is semantic fluidity in if... be because, due to manifestation of cause and conclusion values; iv) causal reading is not limited to a relation between cause and consequence, as there are cases in which a connection between motivation and action is manifested; v) two types of conclusion are expressed, deduction and abduction; and determining the type of conclusion involves some subjectivity, thus, it is not restricted to a logical issue. Regarding the discursive organization, it is confirmed that: i) conditional clauses act as a topic, bringing summary, paraphrase, contrast or exemplification; ii) the verb to be acts as a focusing event, taking the second correlation sentence as a scope and, quite often, clarifying new information; iii) clauses with be because are used to nullify other possible inferences, and the focused segment indicates, among other aspects, information requested by the interlocutor, denial of previously exposed idea, and confirmation. From the results obtained, it is possible to enquire traditionally established concepts, as the assignment of only hypothesis sense to conditional clauses and of only the cause semantic value to causal clauses. Moreover, this thesis has as object of study a construction still poorly investigated in linguistic research, thus, it can offer subsidies to new reflection about the structure if... be because.

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Oliveira, Leonor Ara?jo Bezerra. "Marcadores da organiza??o do padr?o discursivo narrativo: uma abordagem funcional centrada no uso." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16385.

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This thesis has as its object the Markers Organization Standard Narrative Discourse (MON), from its occurrence in oral and written corpora of different realizations of narrative discourse, considering its locus of occurrence in the narrative and discursive functioning. The research is guided by the Functional Linguistic Usage-Based, approach to which the organization of language is directly linked to the user experience, so that grammar is shaped by discourse. We examined only the narrative portions of Experience Reports, Tales and Legends in the oral and written, as follows: 3 inquiries Corpus Reports Remaining Quilombo (RN); 11 Corpus Legends legends of the Amazon, 14 Tales of Corpus Tales Brazilians and 21 Reports of experiences of Corpus and Discourse Grammar, with about 10,000 words in each corpus. A total of 22 markers were identified, which were: (1) classified according to the locus of occurrence in the narrative structure, as Labov (1972), (2) associated, according to the type of pattern that occur in narrative discourse, (3) described from the discursive function they perform. The research has relevance to the extent it is based speech analysis and offers proposals for productive teaching of mother tongue in which students and teachers can, grounded in language studies, consider living language, as an object of study, based on the National Curriculum Guidelines (OCN) and making use of New Technologies of Information and Communication (NTIC)
Esta tese tem como objeto os Marcadores da Organiza??o do Padr?o Discursivo Narrativo (MON), a partir de sua ocorr?ncia em corpora orais e escritos de diferentes realiza??es do discurso narrativo, considerando seu l?cus de ocorr?ncia na narrativa e sua fun??o discursiva. A pesquisa norteia-se pela Lingu?stica Funcional Centrada no Uso, abordagem para a qual a organiza??o da l?ngua ? ligada diretamente ? experi?ncia do usu?rio, de modo que a gram?tica ? moldada pelo discurso. Foram examinados apenas os trechos narrativos de Relatos de experi?ncia, Contos e Lendas nas modalidades oral e escrita, conforme descrito a seguir: 3 inqu?ritos do Corpus Relatos dos Remanescentes Quilombolas (RN); 11 lendas do Corpus Lendas do Amazonas , 14 Contos do Corpus Contos Brasileiros e 21 Relatos de experi?ncia do Corpus Discurso e Gram?tica, com cerca de 10.000 palavras em cada um dos Corpus. No total, foram identificados 22 marcadores, os quais foram: (1) classificados segundo o l?cus de ocorr?ncia na estrutura narrativa, conforme Labov (1972); (2) relacionados, de acordo com o tipo de padr?o discursivo narrativo em que ocorrem; (3) descritos a partir da fun??o discursiva que desempenham. A pesquisa tem sua relev?ncia, na medida em que toma como base de an?lise o discurso e oferece propostas para o ensino produtivo de l?ngua materna no qual alunos e professores possam, fundamentados nos estudos lingu?sticos, considerar a l?ngua viva, como objeto de estudo, baseando-se nas Orienta??es Curriculares Nacionais (OCN) e fazendo uso das Novas Tecnologias da Informa??o e Comunica??o (NTIC)

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Camilo, Juliana Aparecida de Oliveira. "Trabalhador, ídolo, sobrevivente, casca-grossa e humano: um estudo sobre versões de atletas de Mixed Martial Arts." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17141.

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The purpose of this research was to identify the versions of MMA athletes who circulated in spaces where this mode is performaned. Our guiding athletes were considered professionals in the sport, linked to national and international events. In order to do so, we elected two MMA gyms located in the city of São Paulo where we lived during 2014. To support this research, we adopted a theoretical and methodological approach to the actor-network theory in dialogue with the Social Psychology. The methodology followed the assumptions of ethnography, with interactions in different practices in which athletes were involved: training, group meetings, various procedures for weight loss, activity on the day of the fight and subsequent conversations with the struggle. The descriptions of the two researched academies suggested that in one of them (gym B), an athlete deserve protection, support and care, and performing as an employee and in the second (gym A), as an idol, having importance while offering the opportunity to act in such way in different situations. Whereas at the camp, we accompanied a gym B fighter, it was possible to identify the fighter versions: a) worker who is precarious (training); b) idol (week of fighting); c) survivor (weighing); d) "tough guy" (day of the fight) and; e) "human" (post-fight). The thesis is that there is a specific type of fighter, or different perspectives on it, but it's multiple. These athletes are made in different practices, yet somehow related to each other. The complexity presented here opens up the possibility of other modes of operation, less essentialits human fighting MMA, claiming the weakening totalizing versions, exploring only one version of these fighters
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as versões de atletas de MMA que circularam em espaços onde esta modalidade é performanda. Nosso fio condutor foram os atletas, considerados profissionais na modalidade, vinculados a eventos nacionais e internacionais. Para isso, elegemos duas academias de MMA localizadas na cidade de São Paulo, na qual convivi durante o ano de 2014. Para sustentar esta pesquisa, adotei uma aproximação teórico-metodológica com a teoria ator-rede, em diálogo com a Psicologia Social. A metodologia seguiu os pressupostos da etnografia, com interações nas diferentes práticas em que os atletas se envolviam: treinamentos, reuniões de grupo, procedimentos diversos para perder peso, atividades no dia da luta e conversas posteriores às lutas. As descrições das duas academias pesquisadas sugeriram que, em uma delas (Academia B), um atleta merecia proteção, apoio e cuidados, performado como trabalhador e, na segunda (Academia A), como ídolo, tendo importância enquanto oferecia a possibilidade de apresentar-se desse modo em diferentes situações. Já nas fases de um camp, acompanhei um lutador da Academia B, em que foi possível identificar as versões de lutador como: a) trabalhador que é precarizado (treinamentos); b) ídolo (semana da luta); c) sobrevivente (pesagem); d) casca-grossa (dia da luta); e e) humano (pós-luta). A tese é que não há um tipo específico de lutador, ou perspectivas diferentes sobre ele, mas sim, que ele é múltiplo. Esses atletas são feitos em diferentes práticas, ainda que de algum modo relacionados entre si. A complexidade aqui apresentada nos abre a possibilidade de outros modos de atuação, menos essencializadores, dos humanos que lutam MMA, pleiteando o enfraquecimento de versões totalizadoras, que exploram apenas um modo de ser desses atletas

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Discursive Theory'

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