Relevant bibliographies by topics / Discrimination in medical care

Academic literature on the topic 'Discrimination in medical care'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Discrimination in medical care"

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Fiala, Mark Aaron. "Discrimination, medical mistrust, and delaying cancer screenings and other medical care." JCO Oncology Practice 19, no. 11_suppl (November 2023): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.2023.19.11_suppl.159.

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159 Background: Mistrust in the health care system can delay one from seeking needed care and lead to worse health outcomes. For racial/ethnic minorities, medical mistrust may be rooted in past experience of discrimination during clinical encounters. However, few studies have analyzed the relationships between discrimination, medical mistrust, and delaying care, such as cancer screenings. Methods: The study utilized the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) data, a nationally representative study about knowledge of and attitudes toward cancer- and health-related information. Medical mistrust was assessed by one question “How much do you trust the health care system.” Those reporting “not at all” or “a little” opposed to “somewhat” and “very” were considered to have medical mistrust. Results: Overall, 15% were considered to have medical mistrust. 14% of participants who identified as a racial/ethnic minority reported feeling discriminated against when getting medical care. Participants reporting prior discrimination were 286% (p <0.001) more likely to report medical mistrust after controlling for age, education, income, and race and ethnicity. Interestingly, after controlling for prior discrimination, African American or Black participants were 33% (p = 0.001) less likely to report medical mistrust than their White peers. Overall, 33% of participants reported delaying needed medical care in the past year and 22% reported not being interested in having a cancer screening test in the next year. Participants reporting prior discrimination were 170% (p < 0.001) more likely to report delaying care and those reporting medical mistrust were 83% (p < 0.001) more likely after controlling for age, education, income, race and ethnicity, and insurance coverage. Participants reporting medical mistrust were 37% (p < 0.001) less likely to report being interested in having a cancer screening test after controlling for covariates. There was no independent association between prior discrimination and interest in cancer screenings (p = 0.286). Conclusions: Perceived discrimination during clinical encounters is a mechanism for medical mistrust and medical mistrust is associated with delaying needed care including cancer screenings. Decreasing discrimination may improve trust and reduce disparities in health outcomes.
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Penner, Louis A., John F. Dovidio, Donald Edmondson, Rhonda K. Dailey, Tsveti Markova, Terrance L. Albrecht, and Samuel L. Gaertner. "The Experience of Discrimination and Black-White Health Disparities in Medical Care." Journal of Black Psychology 35, no. 2 (February 9, 2009): 180–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798409333585.

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The current study of Black patients focuses on how discrimination contributes to racial disparities in health. The authors used a longitudinal methodology to study how perceived past discrimination affects reactions to medical interactions and adherence to physician recommendations. In addition, they explored whether these reactions and/or adherence mediate the relationship between discrimination and patients' health. The participants in this study were 156 Black patients of low socioeconomic status at a primary care clinic. Patients completed questionnaires on their current health, past adherence, and perceived past discrimination. Then, they saw a physician and rated their reactions to the visit. Four and 16 weeks later they reported on their adherence to physician recommendations and overall health. Perceived discrimination was significantly and negatively associated with patient health, reactions to the physician, and adherence. Path analyses indicated that adherence mediated the relationship between discrimination and patient health, but patient reactions to the interaction did not.
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Mason, Lawrence. "Medical Discrimination: A Hidden and Non-Neglectable Issue." Science Insights 44, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 1327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.24.re963.

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Medical discrimination is a pervasive issue that often goes unnoticed or unaddressed in the healthcare system. It occurs when individuals receive differential treatment based on characteristics such as race, gender, sexual orientation, age, or socioeconomic status. This type of discrimination can have serious consequences for patients, including delayed or inadequate care, misdiagnosis, and even harm to their physical and mental health. The impacts of medical discrimination are far-reaching and systemic, perpetuating disparities in health outcomes among marginalized populations. To address this issue effectively, it is crucial for healthcare providers to undergo training on cultural competency and unconscious bias recognition. Additionally, policies must be implemented at both the institutional and governmental levels to ensure equitable access to care for all patients. Ignoring medical discrimination only perpetuates inequalities in the healthcare system and exacerbates disparities in health outcomes.
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Mundy, Lindsey, Suzanne Judd, Olivio Clay, Virginia Howard, Raegan Durant, and Michael Crowe. "CORRELATES OF PHYSICIAN TRUST: DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND EXPERIENCES OF MEDICAL CARE DISCRIMINATION." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3248.

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Abstract Lack of trust between older adults and their physicians may decrease adherence to medication or limit disclosure of information to healthcare providers. Trust may be shaped in part by demographic factors as well as previous experiences of discrimination in healthcare. We hypothesized that more experiences of discrimination in a medical care setting would be negatively associated with general physician trust. We used cross-sectional data from a follow-up visit (2013-2016) of the national REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) longitudinal cohort study. Our sample included participants who completed an 11-item general physician trust measure (score range=11-55) and a four-point item about discrimination in medical care settings (n=8,235, age 52-98, 31% Black, 45% men). We examined two sequential linear regression models with trust as the outcome, with the first model including demographic factors and the second adding discrimination in a medical setting. Female gender (β=-0.09, p&lt;.05), Black race (β=-0.03, p&lt;.05), and higher level of education (β=-0.8, p&lt;.05) were each related to lower trust. Higher income (β=0.04, p&lt;.05) and older age (β=0.12, p&lt;.05) were associated with higher trust. Perceived discrimination had a negative association with physician trust (β=-0.14, p&lt;.05) and the relationship between Black race and trust reversed direction and was no longer statistically significant (β=0.20, p=.298) with discrimination in the model. The potential impact of previous discrimination experiences in a medical care setting on physician trust should be considered when providing healthcare services to diverse populations of older adults.
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Ognerubov, Nikolai A., Roman V. Zelepukin, and Irina V. Poddubnaya. "Risk of discrimination against Russian citizens in providing medical care abroad as a health care trend." Journal of Modern Oncology 24, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2022.2.201706.

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The authors reveal the conditions and factors of health care system development that have emerged to date, indicate their content, and note the role of legal regulation of health care. The influence of aggravation of the international situation is noted, and the resulting risk of national origin discrimination against Russian citizens is addressed. The risk of discrimination against Russian citizens in providing health care abroad is presented as a trend. In this respect, the authors suggest some organizational and human rights measures and directions of support and protection of the rights of Russian citizens.
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Berniker, Jessamyn S. "Legal Implications of Discrimination in Medical Practice." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 28, no. 1 (2000): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2000.tb00322.x.

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Recent medical studies have indicated that medical professionals discriminate in their treatment practices on the basis of race and gender. Among the many concerns stemming from this realization are questions about the possibility of legal actions and the availability of individual compensation for the denial of equal care. By meeting legal evidentiary standards, the recent statistical data pointing to discriminatory trends have created the potential for legal recourse through Title VI of the Civil Rights Act which prohibits recipients of federal funding from treating people differently on the basis of race or national origin.
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Gurel-Headley, Morgan, Mariam Mamisashvili, Sheena CarlLee, Sharon Reece, Christina Chapman, Shashank Kraleti, Jennifer A. Andersen, et al. "Associations between Influenza Vaccination and Health Care Access among Adults in the United States." Vaccines 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2023): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020416.

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Few studies have investigated the relationship between influenza vaccination and health care access. Furthermore, despite the well-documented disparities in vaccine coverage for communities of color, few studies have examined how experiences of discrimination may influence vaccine uptake. To fill this gap in the literature, this study examined associations between 5-year influenza vaccination rates and sociodemographic characteristics, health care access, and racial discrimination. Age, race/ethnicity, education, health care coverage, primary care provider, no medical care due to cost, and routine doctor checkups were significant correlates of 5-year influenza vaccination. In contrast to previous studies, discrimination scores were not a significant correlate of regular influenza vaccination. Respondents who reported forgoing care due to cost were less likely to report vaccination every year out of the last 5 years compared to all of the less frequent categories combined, demonstrating a more complex association between sometimes not being able to afford medical care and influenza vaccination. Future research should examine the relationship between influenza vaccination uptake, racial discrimination, and forgone care due to cost to enhance resources and messaging for influenza vaccination uptake.
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Ali Khan, Waqas, and Qaisar Abbas. "Transgender Discrimination in the Binary Gender Paradigm: An Analysis of Exclusionary Practices in Healthcare." Journal of Asian Development Studies 13, no. 2 (May 28, 2024): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.2.15.

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This research focuses on the widespread discrimination against transgender individuals within the healthcare industry resulting from a deeply rooted binary gender system. It seeks to gauge how much they are discriminated against, identify particular forms of discrimination by medical practitioners, and evaluate healthcare providers' understanding gaps about transgender health needs. The investigation assumes that in healthcare facilities, transgender people receive substantial discrimination treatment; doctors carry out discriminatory actions as well as health facilitators or hospital administration know little about what is required for the wellbeing of such patients. The quantitative study involved 344 transgender individuals from 36 districts of Punjab. To find out the rates and types of discrimination as well as knowledge gaps among the data was subjected to chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA, and regression analysis. Results of chi-square tests revealed a significant relation between transgender identity and multiple discriminations such as postponements in treatment (χ² = 43.62, p < 0.001), denial of care (χ² = 67.21, p < 0.001), as well as financial discrimination (χ² = 138.23, p < 0.001). This research adds to existing knowledge about transgender health by showing how these individuals are discriminated against regularly and why educational as well as policy reforms in medical facilities should be implemented as a matter of urgency.
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Smith, DeAnna Y., and Alexus Roane. "Child Removal Fears and Black Mothers’ Medical Decision-Making." Contexts 22, no. 1 (February 2023): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15365042221142834.

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Konnoth, Craig. "Mental Health Parity Arguments for Accessing Gender Affirmation Surgery." American Journal of Law & Medicine 49, no. 2-3 (July 2023): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amj.2023.39.

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AbstractMany insurers exclude coverage for transgender individuals. Litigation challenging these exclusions has increased. Most of these cases successfully advance equality claims by arguing that trans exclusions discriminate based on sex. That is, procedures performed on patients for reasons unrelated to gender affirming care are being denied to transgender individuals. There are, however, limitations to this argument. First, some courts may construe care narrowly and hold that some procedures are unique to gender affirming care that have no analog in other contexts. Second, a court that is hostile to the sex discrimination argument might hold that the denial does not arise from sex discrimination, but rather, because of the kind of diagnosis at issue. Further, the sex discrimination argument might force transgender individuals into making claims based on a binarized gender identity which may not conform with their lived experience.Claims based on the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (MHPAEA) can address these shortcomings. This Act prohibits insurers from discriminating against mental health diagnoses—for example, procedures that insurers cover because of medical or surgical diagnoses should also be covered if indicated for mental health diagnoses. Gender dysphoria is a recognized mental health diagnosis. Transgender individuals seeking gender affirming care arising from gender dysphoria can thus claim that exclusions of coverage violate the MHPAEA. Some transgender individuals might raise concerns that such an approach would lead to increased medicalization of trans identity. However, an MHPAEA claim would only appear in cases where a transgender individual is voluntarily submitting themselves to medical assistance in order to advance their own autonomy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Discrimination in medical care"

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Blanchard, Janice C. "Discrimination and health care utilization." Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2006. http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD198/.

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Mokoboto, Dipalesa. "The impact of dual loyalty on health care practitioners' decisions." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76725.

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While ethical codes have been established for practitioners, there is a possibility that dual loyalty affects occupational medical practitioners’ (OMPs) decisions in determining fitness status of employees. Literature indicates dual loyalty of OMPs leads to ethical dilemmas. The study’s main objective is to determine if dual loyalty participates in OMPs’ decisions and influences OMPs to breach medical ethics required in their profession, resulting in employees unfairly losing their jobs. The study interrogates literature review on dual loyalty and adopts a multi-layered approach focussing on the Constitution; relevant Acts and guidelines; case law and ethical principles. Case studies from the Medical Inspector’s archives are interrogated to determine the influence dual loyalty has on OMPs’ decision-making. Case law indicates that conflict of interest is the source of dual loyalty. Occupational medical practitioners have fiduciary duties and need to serve the best interests of the employees. From case studies discussed, the study shows that OMPs are affected by dual loyalty and tend to disregard medical ethics. They may be conflicted when making decisions concerning employees’ fitness to work, especially when individualised assessments are not conducted. A guideline addressing ethical obligations and human rights should be drafted for OMPs, guiding them on dealing with dual loyalty. Employers will need awareness training in various institutions so that OMPs are supported and encouraged to have sound medical ethics. This will promote best practice in doctor-patient relationships, avoiding dual loyalty dilemmas.
Mini Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Public Law
MPhil
Unrestricted
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Sinclair, Andrew James, and n/a. "The primary health care experiences of gay men in Australia." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060713.084655.

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The present research, consisting of two studies, was designed to examine the primary health care experiences of gay men in Australia and assess doctors? attitudes and training with regard to gay men and their health care. In the first study, 195 gay men were surveyed regarding their health issues and their primary health care experiences. The most important health concerns of gay men were stress and depression followed by HIV/AIDS, body image disorder and other sexually transmissible infections. Including those participants who were unsure, approximately one-half reported experiencing homophobia and almost one?quarter reported experiencing discrimination in the provision of health care. Despite this, respondents were generally satisfied with their primary health care, although respondents felt that all GPs should receive additional undergraduate medical education regarding gay men?s health. In the second study, 25 doctors (13 gay specialists and 12 non-gay specialists) were surveyed regarding their knowledge of gay men?s health and their comfort working with gay men. Non-gay specialist GPs were less comfortable treating gay men, reported poorer communication and were more homophobic than their gay specialist counterparts. Further, doctors perceived their medical education regarding gay men?s health has been inadequate. Together, the results of the two current studies suggest that disclosure of sexuality is an important issue for both gay men and doctors, and has the potential to impact on the quality of health care that gay men receive. In order to improve the level of disclosure, the pervasiveness of homophobia and discrimination in primary health care must be reduced. Finally, the results indicate that medical education must be updated to reflect current knowledge regarding the health issues of gay men. Failure to address these issues will condemn gay men to continued health inequality.
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Prempreeda, Pramoj Na Ayutthaya Pimpawun Boonmongkon. "Fluidity of Thai queer sexualities and their experiences of accessing sexual health care /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd400/4838738.pdf.

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Smith, Caroline Kristine. "Racial Disparities in a State Based Workers' Compensation System." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4831.

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Racial, ethnic, and linguistic minority workers suffer higher rates of work-related injuries and illnesses in the United States compared to their White counterparts. Explanations for these higher rates include potential socioeconomic causes (education, income, and wealth) and occupational segregation into more dangerous occupations. What is less studied are the post-injury sequelae for minority workers, which is their experiences in the workers' compensation system, as well as their health and return to paid employment. What is known comes primarily from qualitative literature, which includes themes of racial discrimination (from employers, health care providers, and workers' compensation employees), a lack of information on how to navigate the workers' compensation system, and linguistically inappropriate communication with those whose first language is not the majority language. In addition, qualitative studies have found differences in the treatment of minority workers, delays in receiving partial wage payments, and worse health outcomes. Most studies examining minority workers in the workers' compensation system have not provided a theoretical framework from which to test hypotheses as to why differences exist in a social insurance system based on race, ethnicity, and language. The purpose of this dissertation was to test the role of racial discrimination in creating worse post-injury workers' compensation outcomes for minorities, compared to English speaking Whites. This dissertation utilized fundamental cause theory to frame the hypotheses and analyses in a cross-sectional investigation of differences in workers' compensation system outcomes, using both administrative data from the workers' compensation agency, as well as survey responses from a sample of 488 injured workers in Washington State. The survey, conducted by Washington State University Social and Economic Science Research Center (SESRC), provided many variables not available in the WC administrative data including measures of perceived racial discrimination to test the hypotheses that racial discrimination is a fundamental cause of worse workers' compensation outcomes for minorities. Fundamental cause theory suggests that there are basic or fundamental reasons for health disparities that are not caused by mechanisms linking the fundamental cause with a health outcome; in fact, these mechanisms can and do change, but the relationship between the primary cause and the health disparity outcome will remain. In addition, a fundamental cause affects multiple outcomes via multiple mechanisms. Access to resources such as income, wealth, prestige, knowledge, and beneficial social connections can reduce the impact of a disease once it occurs. The analytic chapters in this dissertation are organized first, to address racial discrimination in health care provider outcomes; second, to address racial discrimination in workers' compensation agency outcomes; and third, to address the role of pre-injury racial discrimination in post-injury return to work outcomes. Racial discrimination was tested in this dissertation as the fundamental cause of health-care provider disparities in timeliness of follow-up care, adequacy of care, and patient satisfaction. Racial discrimination was tested in the workers' compensation agency as the fundamental cause of administrative delays and difficulties: delays in diagnostic approval and wage replacement payments, as well as language appropriate communication, and higher counts of independent medical exams. Racial discrimination was also tested as the fundamental cause of poor return-to-work outcomes (feeling a worker returned to work too early and overall general health). Workplace support, as a possible resource (social connection), was tested as a mediator in the relationship between racial discrimination and workplace outcomes. Due to the survey nature of the study design, replicate weights were calculated based upon information available in both the surveyed and not-surveyed population to account for non-response bias, and all analyses were bootstrapped using Stata survey software. The results support the role of racial discrimination as a fundamental cause of outcomes for hypotheses in the workers' compensation agency with clear differences in delays for diagnostic services, a higher number of independent medical exams, as well as linguistically inappropriate communication for language minorities. Racial discrimination (prior to injury) was found to be significant in overall general health for minority workers, and for feeling they had returned to work too early. Workplace support (a potential social resource), was found to mitigate the role of racial discrimination in the workplace return-to-work outcomes. This study is an initial effort to examine racial discrimination as a fundamental cause of disparities in occupational health after an injury. As the majority of adults will spend one-fifth to one-third of their lives in paid employment, the ability to heal and return to full and active employment after a work-related injury is critical to ones' self-worth, as well as to the economic stability of individuals, families, and societies. If racial, ethnic, and language minorities suffer worse outcomes in their post-injury sequelae, these results will have long-lasting implications in any quest for a more equitable society.
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Slade, Catherine Putnam. "Does patient-centered care affect racial disparities in health?" Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22569.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Robert J. Eger III, Ph.D.; Committee Member: Christopher M. Weible, Ph.D.; Committee Member: Gregory B. Lewis, Ph.D.; Committee Member: Monica M. Gaughan, Ph.D.; Committee Member: Valerie A. Hepburn, Ph.D.
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Paradies, Yin Carl. "Race, racism, stress and indigenous health /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002514.

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Zhang, Yan-Jun. "Racial and ethnic disparities in quality of health care among adults with diabetes in the United States /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1242473857.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009.
Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences degree, Administrative Pharmacy option." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 66-70.
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Singh, Shail. "The effects of perceived discrimination on Samoan health." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3260.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perceived discrimination on Samoan health. This study employed purposive data collection and was conducted quantitatively using a questionnaire format, which measured everyday perceived discrimination, depression, and physical health.
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Philip, Ajith John. "An assessment of equity in geographical allocation of resources relative to need, in public primary healthcare services in the Northern Cape in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This study aimed to contribute to the current debate around equity in health care resource allocation by measuring the current allocation of resources, relative to need in the Northern Cape. It also discussed the level of inequities in health financing/expenditure and staffing at the primary health care level between different districts of the Northern Cape.

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Books on the topic "Discrimination in medical care"

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Environment, United States Congress House Committee on Commerce Subcommittee on Health and the. The Health Care Fairness Act of 1999: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, May 11, 2000. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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Aizer, Anna. Access to care, provider choice and racial disparities. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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United States. Health Standards and Quality Bureau, ed. Medicaid discrimination and nursing home care: What constitutes it? : what to do about it? [Baltimore, Md.]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Health Care Financing Administration, Health Standards and Quality Bureau, 1988.

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McGibbon, Elizabeth Anne. Anti-racist health care practice. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press, 2009.

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Center, Aspen Health Law, ed. Employment discrimination in the health care industry. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1998.

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Stephan, Klasen, and Lamanna Francesca, eds. Intrahousehold health care financing strategy and the gender gap: Empirical evidence from India. Göttingen: Ibero-Amerika-Inst. für Wirtschaftsforschung, 2008.

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Sundari, Ravindran T. K., and AGRA East Workshop on Gender Issues in Health Projects and Programmes (15-19 November 1993 : The Phillippines), eds. Gender issues in health projects and programmes: Report from AGRA East meeting, 15-19 November 1993, the Philippines. Oxford: Oxfam, 1995.

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1998), US/UK Collaborative Meeting on Racial &. Ethnic Health (2nd :. Health care of racial and ethnic minorities: Second report on the US/UK collaborative initiative on racial and ethnic health, collaborative workgroup meeting held September 23-25, 1998. Washington, D.C.?]: The Department, 1998.

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United, States Congress House Committee on Government Reform Subcommittee on Criminal Justice Drug Policy and Human Resources. Racial disparities in health care: Confronting unequal treatment : hearing before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, May 21, 2002. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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Oversight, California Legislature Special Committee on Medi-Cal. Oversight hearing on patient dumping of the medically indigent: November 19, 1986, Los Angeles, California. Sacramento, CA: The Committee, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Discrimination in medical care"

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Bognar, Greg, and Iwao Hirose. "Disability discrimination." In The Ethics of Health Care Rationing, 76–93. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003050216-5.

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Drijber, Berend Jan, and Hilde Cadenau. "Discrimination and Beyond." In Health Care and EU Law, 59–76. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-728-9_3.

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Ternès, Anabel, and Christopher Runge. "Medical Care." In Reputationsmanagement, 13–40. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08949-8_2.

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Peterson, Rodney D. "Medical Care." In Political Economy and American Capitalism, 191–206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3874-1_13.

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Nicholson, Jill, and C. B. E. Williams. "Medical Care." In Mother and Baby Homes, 106–14. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003202448-11.

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Ozbolt, Judy G., and Suzanne Bakken. "Patient Care Systems." In Medical Informatics, 421–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21721-5_12.

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Cockerham, William C. "Global Health Care." In Medical Sociology, 405–43. 15th ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003203872-21.

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Risco, Jorge, and Adam Kelly. "Improving Medical Decisions." In Neuropalliative Care, 171–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93215-6_13.

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Chakraborty, Shouvik, Kalyani Mali, Sankhadeep Chatterjee, and Soumya Sen. "Preprocessing and Discrimination of Cytopathological Images." In Medical Internet of Things, 33–47. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429318078-3.

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Kao, Ann, and Jocelyn Carter. "Inpatient Medical Care." In The Massachusetts General Hospital Guide to Medical Care in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder, 23–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94458-6_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Discrimination in medical care"

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Aziz, Ayesha, and Nashi Khan. "PERCEPTIONS PERTAINING TO STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION ABOUT DEPRESSION: A FOCUS GROUP STUDY OF PRIMARY CARE STAFF." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact013.

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"The present study was conducted to explore the perception and views of primary care staff about Depression related Stigma and Discrimination. The Basic Qualitative Research Design was employed and an In-Depth Semi-Structured Discussion Guide consisted of 7 question was developed on the domains of Pryor and Reeder Model of Stigma and Discrimination such as Self-Stigma, Stigma by Association, Structural Stigma and Institutional Stigma, to investigate the phenomenon. Initially, Field Test and Pilot study were conducted to evaluate the relevance and effectiveness of Focus Group Discussion Guide in relation to phenomena under investigation. The suggestions were incorporated in the final Discussion Guide and Focus Group was employed as a data collection measure for the conduction of the main study. A purposive sampling was employed to selected a sample of Primary Care Staff (Psychiatrists, Medical Officers, Clinical Psychologists and Psychiatric Nurses) to elicit the meaningful information. The participants were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry of Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) recognized Private and Public Sector hospitals of Lahore, having experience of 3 years or more in dealing with patients diagnosed with Depression. However, for Medical Officers, the experience was restricted to less than one year based on their rotation. To maintain equal voices in the Focus Group, 12 participants were approached (3 Psychiatrist, 3 Clinical Psychologists, 3 Medical Officers and 3 Psychiatric Nurses) but total 8 participants (2 Psychiatrists, 2 Medical Officers, 3 Clinical Psychologists And 1 Psychiatric Nurse) participated in the Focus Group. The Focus Group was conducted with the help of Assistant Moderator, for an approximate duration of 90 minutes at the setting according to the ease of the participants. Further, it was audio recorded and transcribed for the analysis. The Braun and Clarke Reflexive Thematic Analysis was diligently followed through a series of six steps such as Familiarization with the Data, Coding, Generating Initial Themes, Reviewing Themes, Defining and Naming Themes. The findings highlighted two main themes i.e., Determining Factors of Mental Health Disparity and Improving Treatment Regimen: Making Consultancy Meaningful. The first theme was centered upon three subthemes such as Lack of Mental Health Literacy, Detached Attachment and Components of Stigma and Discrimination. The second theme included Establishing Contact and Providing Psychoeducation as a subtheme. The results manifested the need for awareness-based Stigma reduction intervention for Primary Care Staff aims to provide training in Psychoeducation and normalization to reduce Depression related Stigma and Discrimination among patients diagnosed with Depression."
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Love, Fred, Jennifer Leopold, Bruce McMillin, and Fei Su. "Discriminative Pattern Mining for Runtime Security Enforcement of Cyber-Physical Point-of-Care Medical Technology." In 2021 IEEE 45th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compsac51774.2021.00145.

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Stewart, Karyn, Katherine Brown, Bettina Drake, Sarah Gehlert, Leslie Wolf, James Dubois, Hannah Perkins, Sarah Lyons, Melody Goodman, and Kimberly Kaphingst. "Abstract C12: An examination of intention to donate biospecimen among women considering consent models and health care discrimination." In Abstracts: Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; November 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, Georgia. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp15-c12.

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Vlašković, Veljko. "OSVRT NA PRAVA DECE SA INVALIDITETOM SA TEŽIŠTEM NA PRISTUP ZDRAVSTVENIM USLUGAMA." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.569v.

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It is no coincidence that the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is the first international human rights treaty in the 21st century. The Convention seeks to amend the social and legal status of persons with disabilities, including children, in a revolutionary way. The main goal is to remove social barriers by adopting a social model of disability in recognizing and exercising the human rights of persons with disabilities on an equal basis with other persons. Therefore, it is understandable that the rules of earlier international human rights treaties, such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child or the European Convention on Human Rights, are beginning to be directly adjusted to the this Convention. From the aspect of recognition and exercising of the rights of children with disabilities, the issue of accessibility to health care services is especially important. It insists on the application of the principles of reasonable accommodation, accessibility and non-discrimination so that children with disabilities have access to health care facilities on an equal basis with other children. This implies significant involvement of the state, local community and family in order to remove social and infrastructural barriers. Furthermore, the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities calls for an absolute ban on the forced detention and placement of children in health care facilities, while there is a very negative attitude towards the care of children with disabilities in social protection institutions. In this regard, an amendment to the domestic Law on the Protection of Persons with Mental Disabilities is required. According to the social model of disability, the family environment with the appropriate and effective support of the local community is a necessary environment for the realization of the rights of children with disabilities. When it comes to the consent of a child with a disability to a medical treatment, it is necessary to determine the child's capability to form views, as in the case of other children. In that sense, the mentioned child should be provided with appropriate assistance and support to express his / her views. This support consists primarily in the way in which the child is informed about the proposed medical treatment.
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Lee, Yuk Yee Karen, and Kin Yin Li. "THE LANDSCAPE OF ONE BREAST: EMPOWERING BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS THROUGH DEVELOPING A TRANSDISCIPLINARY INTERVENTION FRAMEWORK IN A JIANGMEN BREAST CANCER HOSPITAL IN CHINA." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact003.

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"Breast cancer is a major concern in women’s health in Mainland China. Literatures demonstrates that women with breast cancer (WBC) need to pay much effort into resisting stigma and the impact of treatment side-effects; they suffer from overwhelming consequences due to bodily disfigurement and all these experiences will be unbeneficial for their mental and sexual health. However, related studies in this area are rare in China. The objectives of this study are 1) To understand WBC’s treatment experiences, 2) To understand what kinds of support should be contained in a transdisciplinary intervention framework (TIP) for Chinese WBC through the lens that is sensitive to gender, societal, cultural and practical experience. In this study, the feminist participatory action research (FPAR) approach containing the four cyclical processes of action research was adopted. WBC’s stories were collected through oral history, group materials such as drawings, theme songs, poetry, handicraft, storytelling, and public speech content; research team members and peer counselors were involved in the development of the model. This study revealed that WBC faces difficulties returning to the job market and discrimination, oppression and gender stereotypes are commonly found in the whole treatment process. WBC suffered from structural stigma, public stigma, and self-stigma. The research findings revealed that forming a critical timeline for intervention is essential, including stage 1: Stage of suspected breast cancer (SS), stage 2: Stage of diagnosis (SD), stage 3: Stage of treatment and prognosis (ST), and stage 4: Stage of rehabilitation and integration (SRI). Risk factors for coping with breast cancer are treatment side effects, changes to body image, fear of being stigmatized both in social networks and the job market, and lack of personal care during hospitalization. Protective factors for coping with breast cancer are the support of health professionals, spouses, and peers with the same experience, enhancing coping strategies, and reduction of symptom distress; all these are crucial to enhance resistance when fighting breast cancer. Benefit finding is crucial for WBC to rebuild their self-respect and identity. Collaboration is essential between 1) Health and medical care, 2) Medical social work, 3) Peer counselor network, and 4) self-help organization to form the TIF for quality care. The research findings are crucial for China Health Bureau to develop medical social services through a lens that is sensitive to gender, societal, cultural, and practical experiences of breast cancer survivors and their families."
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Birch, Jack, Rebecca Jones, Julia Mueller, Matthew McDonald, Rebecca Richards, Michael Kelly, Simon Griffin, and Amy Ahern. "A systematic review of inequalities in the uptake of, adherence to and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions." In Building Bridges in Medical Science 2021. Cambridge Medicine Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7244/cmj.2021.03.001.1.

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Background: It has been suggested that interventions focusing on individual behaviour change, such as behavioural weight management interventions, may exacerbate health inequalities. These intervention-generated inequalities may occur at different stages, including intervention uptake, adherence and effectiveness. We conducted a systematic review to synthesise evidence on how different measures of inequality moderate the uptake of, adherence to and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions in adults. Methods: We updated a previous systematic literature review from the US Preventive Services Taskforce to identify trials of behavioural weight management interventions in adults that could be conducted in or recruited from primary care. Medline, Cochrane database (CENTRAL) and PsycINFO were searched. Only randomised controlled trials and cluster-randomised controlled trials were included. Two investigators independently screened articles for eligibility and conducted risk of bias assessment. We curated publication families for eligible trials. The PROGRESS-Plus acronym (place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender, religion, education, socioeconomic status, social capital, plus other discriminating factors) was used to consider a comprehensive range of health inequalities. Data on trial uptake, intervention adherence, weight change, and PROGRESS-Plus related-data were extracted. Results: Data extraction in currently underway. A total of 108 studies are included in the review. Data will be synthesised narratively and through the use of Harvest Plots. A Harvest plot for each PROGRESS-Plus criterion will be presented, showing whether each trial found a negative, positive or no health inequality gradient. We will also identify potential sources of unpublished original research data on these factors which can be synthesised through a future individual participant data meta- analysis. Conclusions and implications: The review findings will contribute towards the consideration of intervention-generated inequalities by researchers, policy makers and healthcare and public health practitioners. Authors of trials included in the completed systematic review may be invited to collaborate on a future IPD meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020173242
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Johnson, Jeffrey P., Jeffrey Lubin, John S. Nafziger, and Dev P. Chakraborty. "Visual discrimination modeling of lesion detectability." In Medical Imaging 2002, edited by Dev P. Chakraborty and Elizabeth A. Krupinski. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.462684.

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Johnson, Jeffrey P., Jeffrey Lubin, Elizabeth A. Krupinski, Heidi A. Peterson, Hans Roehrig, and Andrew Baysinger. "Visual discrimination model for digital mammography." In Medical Imaging '99, edited by Elizabeth A. Krupinski. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.349650.

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Duca, Gabriella, Raffaella Russo, and Vittorio Sangermano. "Robotics and autonomous systems in public realm: an exploration of human, ethical and societal issues in emergency first response operations." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005016.

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In the face of increasing threats from climate change and natural hazards, the need for faster, safer, and more effective first response operations has become paramount. This has led to a growing focus on the potential of robotics aids and autonomous systems to support first responders in their duties. While these technologies hold promise for more efficient onsite operations and reduced risk exposure for first responders, there are emerging concerns about their adaptability to real environment constraints, usability, and societal impacts. Scientific literature only mention high-level concerns about human-centric approach and generic ethical issues, but these are worthy to be identified and elicited in parallel with the evolution of technical requirements and specification, to build capacity of estimating the extent of new operating methods and procedures impact on victims and responders, but also on other stakeholders. Guidelines to steer choices of emergency personnel already exist, for instance in the case of medical personnel, but first response automation might imply unknown or indefinite dilemmas on aspects such as fairness and discrimination, false or excessive expectations, privacy, physical and psychological safety, liability. The paper proposes a review of the current status of human and societal issues in robotics and automation, eliciting human factors and ergonomics specific issues to foster the human-centric approach claimed by European Union.
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Johnson, Jeffrey P., Jeffrey Lubin, John S. Nafziger, Elizabeth A. Krupinski, and Hans Roehrig. "Channelized model observer using a visual discrimination model." In Medical Imaging, edited by Miguel P. Eckstein and Yulei Jiang. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.596214.

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Reports on the topic "Discrimination in medical care"

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Gomez, Scarlett L. Impact of Institutional - and Individual - Level Discrimination on Medical Care and Quality of Life Among Breast Cancer Survivors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada491114.

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Gomez, Scarlett L. Impact of Institutional - and Individual - Level Discrimination on Medical Care & Quality of Life Among Breast Cancer Survivors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada542282.

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Gomez, Scarlett L. Impact of Institutional - and Individual -Level Discrimination on Medical Care & Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada516473.

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Gomez, Scarlett L. Impact of Institutional - and Individual - Level Discrimination on Medical Care & Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581259.

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Gomez, Scarlett. Impact of Institutional- and Individual-Level Discrimination on Medical Care and Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada549841.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Medical Services: Medical, Dental, and Veterinary Care. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402407.

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McFadden, Alison, Camila Biazus-Dalcin, and Nicole Vidal. Evaluation of a Gypsy/Traveller Community Health Worker service: Final Report. University of Dundee, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001300.

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This report evaluates the two-year Community Health Worker (CHW) service in Scotland delivered by a third sector organisation, Minority Ethnic Carers of People Project (MECOPP), which provided training to Gypsy/Travellers to advocate for their community on health and social care issues. The service, which was created as part of the Scottish Government and COSLA's joint action plan to address inequalities faced by Gypsy/Travellers , was designed with the intention to improve their health and wellbeing. Funding for the service was secured by The Scottish Public Health Network and the Directorate for Chief Medical Officer. The evaluation was conducted by the Mother and Infant Research Unit (MIRU) at the School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, and covered the initial two-year period from August 2021 to August 2023. There has been extensive evidence showing that Gypsy/Travellers residing in the UK tend to face significant health disparities, resulting in outcomes that are not as favourable as those of the general population and other similarly disadvantaged groups. Gypsy/Travellers face high rates of homelessness, inadequate education, unemployment, poverty, and regular experiences of racism and discrimination . This profoundly affects their mental health and overall well-being. Additionally, the potential for lack of trust between Gypsy/Travellers and healthcare professionals impacts health seeking behaviour and health service provision, as there are also barriers in accessing responsive health services and preventative care interventions. Evidence indicates that community-based lay roles can improve healthcare access, reduce costs, and promote knowledge exchange between communities and health services through trusted individuals . This project aimed to evaluate the implementation of the Gypsy/Traveller CHW service, including barriers and facilitators, and make recommendations for its future scale-up. Objectives included describing the roles and activities of the CHWs, exploring the acceptability and feasibility of the service, identifying implementation barriers and facilitators, describing any modifications made, and examining the perceived benefits and disadvantages of the CHW service.
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Dunn, Abe, Eli Liebman, and Adam Shapiro. Decomposing Medical-Care Expenditure Growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23117.

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Thakkar Samtani, Madhuli, Michael Parrish Ravelli, and Eric Tranby. Discrimination Reduces Utilization of Routine Dental Care. CareQuest Institute for Oral Health, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35565/cqi.2020.2018.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Medical Services: Nonphysician Health Care Providers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403181.

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