Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Discrétisation des intégrales stochastiques'
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Menozzi, Stephane. "Discrétisation de processus stochastiques, estimées de densités et applications." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00533333.
Full textTolentino, Marc. "Résolution hautes fréquence d'équations intégrales par une méthode de discrétisation microlocale." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005622.
Full textLe développement et la mise au point d'un code ont été effectués au CERMICS-INRIA Sophia-Antipolis. La vérification de la validité de notre code s'appuie sur des calculs de surface équivalente radar. Des résultats numériques encourageants sont présentés pour des obstacles convexes et non-connexes.
La méthode est ensuite étendue aux opérateurs pseudo-différentiels et Fourier-intégraux. Ils interviennent dans le cas de milieux hétérogènes et anisotropes.
TOLENTINO, MARC. "Résolution hautes fréquences d'équations intégrales par une méthode de discrétisation microlocale." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENPC9727.
Full textDarrigrand, Éric. "Couplage méthodes multipôles-discrétisation microlocale pour les équations intégrales de l'électromagnétisme." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12552.
Full textWalsh, Zuniga Alexander. "Calcul d'Itô étendu." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066188.
Full textCai, Jiatu. "Méthodes asymptotiques en contrôle stochastique et applications à la finance." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC338.
Full textIn this thesis, we study several mathematical finance problems related to the presence of market imperfections. Our main approach for solving them is to establish a relevant asymptotic framework in which explicit approximate solutions can be obtained for the associated control problems. In the first part of this thesis, we are interested in the pricing and hedging of European options. We first consider the question of determining the optimal rebalancing dates for a replicating portfolio in the presence of a drift in the underlying dynamics. We show that in this situation, it is possible to generate positive returns while hedging the option and describe a rebalancing strategy which is asymptotically optimal for a mean-variance type criterion. Then we propose an asymptotic framework for options risk management under proportional transaction costs. Inspired by Leland’s approach, we develop an alternative way to build hedging portfolios enabling us to minimize hedging errors. The second part of this manuscript is devoted to the issue of tracking a stochastic target. The agent aims at staying close to the target while minimizing tracking efforts. In a small costs asymptotics, we establish a lower bound for the value function associated to this optimization problem. This bound is interpreted in term of ergodic control of Brownian motion. We also provide numerous examples for which the lower bound is explicit and attained by a strategy that we describe. In the last part of this thesis, we focus on the problem of consumption-investment with capital gains taxes. We first obtain an asymptotic expansion for the associated value function that we interpret in a probabilistic way. Then, in the case of a market with regime-switching and for an investor with recursive utility of Epstein-Zin type, we solve the problem explicitly by providing a closed-form consumption-investment strategy. Finally, we study the joint impact of transaction costs and capital gains taxes. We provide a system of corrector equations which enables us to unify the results in [ST13] and [CD13]
Loumi, Moulay Taïeb. "Intégration stochastique multivoque et application aux équations différentielles multivoques." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20181.
Full textRiviere, Olivier. "Equations différentielles stochastiques progressives rétrogrades couplées : équations aux dérivées partielles et discrétisation." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011231.
Full textRivière, Olivier. "Equations différentielles stochastiques progressives rétrogrades couplées : équations aux dérivées partielles et discrétisation." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05S028.
Full textThis thesis deals with the forward backward stochastic differential equations, in particular those with a coefficient of progressive diffusion which depends on all unknowns of the problem. We propose an original way to get onto this subject, letting us to reobtain some classical results of existence and uniqueness in the spirit of Pardoux-Tang and Yong's results, and to find a probabilistic representation of a new class of parabolic PDE, in which derivation coefficient of order 2 depends on the gradient of the solution. We also propose an iterative discretization scheme. We prove its convergence and give an evaluation of the error on a particular example
Patry, Christophe. "Couverture approchée optimale des options européennes." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090006.
Full textStazhynski, Uladzislau. "Discrétisation de processus à des temps d’arrêt et Quantification d'incertitude pour des algorithmes stochastiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX088/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of two parts which study two separate subjects. Chapters 1-4 are devoted to the problem of processes discretization at stopping times. In Chapter 1 we study the optimal discretization error of stochastic integrals, driven by a multidimensional continuous Brownian semimartingale. In this setting we establish a path wise lower bound for the renormalized quadratic variation of the error and we provide a sequence of discretization stopping times, which is asymptotically optimal. The latter is defined as hitting times of random ellipsoids by the semimartingale at hand. In comparison with previous available results, we allow a quite large class of semimartingales and we prove that the asymptotic lower bound is attainable. In Chapter 2 we study the model-adaptive optimal discretization error of stochastic integrals. In Chapter 1 the construction of the optimal strategy involved the knowledge about the diffusion coefficient of the semimartingale under study. In this work we provide a model-adaptive asymptotically optimal discretization strategy that does not require any prior knowledge about the model. In Chapter 3 we study the convergence in distribution of renormalized discretization errors of Ito processes for a concrete general class of random discretization grids given by stopping times. Previous works on the subject only treat the case of dimension 1. Moreover they either focus on particular cases of grids, or provide results under quite abstract assumptions with implicitly specified limit distribution. At the contrast we provide explicitly the limit distribution in a tractable form in terms of the underlying model. The results hold both for multidimensional processes and general multidimensional error terms. In Chapter 4 we study the problem of parametric inference for diffusions based on observations at random stopping times. We work in the asymptotic framework of high frequency data over a fixed horizon. Previous works on the subject consider only deterministic, strongly predictable or random, independent of the process, observation times, and do not cover our setting. Under mild assumptions we construct a consistent sequence of estimators, for a large class of stopping time observation grids. Further we carry out the asymptotic analysis of the estimation error and establish a Central Limit Theorem (CLT) with a mixed Gaussian limit. In addition, in the case of a 1-dimensional parameter, for any sequence of estimators verifying CLT conditions without bias, we prove a uniform a.s. lower bound on the asymptotic variance, and show that this bound is sharp. In Chapters 5-6 we study the problem of uncertainty quantification for stochastic approximation limits. In Chapter 5 we analyze the uncertainty quantification for the limit of a Stochastic Approximation (SA) algorithm. In our setup, this limit is defined as the zero of a function given by an expectation. The expectation is taken w.r.t. a random variable for which the model is assumed to depend on an uncertain parameter. We consider the SA limit as a function of this parameter. We introduce the so-called Uncertainty for SA (USA) algorithm, an SA algorithm in increasing dimension for computing the basis coefficients of a chaos expansion of this function on an orthogonal basis of a suitable Hilbert space. The almost-sure and Lp convergences of USA, in the Hilbert space, are established under mild, tractable conditions. In Chapter 6 we analyse the L2-convergence rate of the USA algorithm designed in Chapter 5.The analysis is non-trivial due to infinite dimensionality of the procedure. Moreover, our setting is not covered by the previous works on infinite dimensional SA. The obtained rate depends non-trivially on the model and the design parameters of the algorithm. Its knowledge enables optimization of the dimension growth speed in the USA algorithm, which is the key factor of its efficient performance
El, Alami Nabil. "Modélisation et simulation des résonateurs RF par équations intégrales de frontière." Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/08CERG0362.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis we hope to modelize a resonant circuit that is able to be used as an antenna for resonance magnetic imagery (RMI) or as a sensor in material characterization. After Modelling, we make an informatics' software that can simulate electromagnetie fields. In our work, the system studied was defined like follow : a dielectric substrate bounded and recovered by a thin metallic layer was immersed in an electromagnetic fields source. The information that we try to find is: induced current distribution in metallic layer, Joule losses, and the magnetic and electrical field's distribution. The interest of this research work is the time gain in comparison with experimental work, the multitude of models and much electrical and physical information
Zhao, Xuzhe. "Problèmes de switching optimal, équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades et équations différentielles partielles intégrales." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1008/document.
Full textThere are three main results in this thesis. The first is existence and uniqueness of the solution in viscosity sense for a system of nonlinear m variational integral-partial differential equations with interconnected obstacles. From the probabilistic point of view, this system is related to optimal stochastic switching problem when the noise is driven by a Lévy process. As a by-product we obtain that the value function of the switching problem is continuous and unique solution of its associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman system of equations. Next, we study a general class of min-max and max-min nonlinear second-order integral-partial variational inequalities with interconnected bilateralobstacles, related to a multiple modes zero-sum switching game with jumps. Using Perron’s method and by the help of systems of penalized unilateral reflected backward SDEs with jumps, we construct a continuous with polynomial growth viscosity solution, and a comparison result yields the uniqueness of the solution. At last, we deal with the solutions of systems of PDEs with bilateral inter-connected obstacles of min-max and max-min types in the Brownian framework. These systems arise naturally in stochastic switching zero-sum game problems. We show that when the switching costs of one side are smooth, the solutions of the min-max and max-min systems coincide. Furthermore, this solution is identified as the value function of the zero-sum switching game
Demaldent, Edouard. "Etude de schémas de discrétisation d'ordre élevé pour les équations de Maxwell en régime harmonique." Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090028.
Full textThis thesis deals with numerical simulation issues, and concerns the study of time- harmonic electromagnetic scattering problems. We are mainly interested in integral re-presentation methods and in simulations that need the use of a direct solver. Their range of application is rapidly limited with classical approximation schemes, since they require a large number of unknowns to achieve accurate results. To overcome this problem, we intend to adapt the spectral finite element method to electromagnetic integral equa-tions, then to the hybrid boundary element - finite element method (BE-FEM). The main advantage of our approach is that the Hdivconforming property (Hdiv-Hcurl within the BE-FEM) is enforced, meanwhile it can be interpreted as a point-based scheme. This al-lows a significant increase of the approximation order, that yields to a dramatical decrease of both the number of unknowns and computational costs, while ensuring the accuracy of the result. Another originality of our study lies in the development of high-order ani-sotropic hexahedral elements, to deal with conducting scatterers coated with a thin layer of material. Key words :computational electromagnetics, Maxwell equations, integral equations, hybrid boundary element - finite element method, method of moments, spectral finite element method, high-order approximation
Locker, Bernard. "Paul Lévy : la période de guerre : Intégrale stochastiques et mouvement brownien." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05S017.
Full textPaul Lévy (1886-1971) was the "World master of probabilities and brownian motion". Polytechnician, son and grand son of polytechnicians, he was entirely devoted to France and science. The second world war and the time of occupation and collboration in France was a terrible nightmare for the "jew Lévy" and his family. Nevertheless, even in clandestinity, Paul Lévy continued to work and produced some of his best theorems. These results obtained by Lévy in this terrible period are still today a source in many advanced topics. . .
Biben, Thierry. "Structure et stabilité des fluides à deux composants : des fluides atomiques aux suspensions colloïdales." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10007.
Full textTudor, Ciprian A. "Calcul stochastique anticipant et mouvement brownien fractionnaire." La Rochelle, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LAROS089.
Full textThe main object of this thesis is the anticipating stochastic calculus with respect to the Wiener process and with respect to the fractional Brownian motion. The first chapter of this work contains a generalization of the Skorohod stochasic calculus for more general integrators without any martingale property. In the second part we study the existence and the properties of the local time of the fractional Brownian motion. Next we considered the problem of the weak convergence to the fractional Brownian motion. The last part of the thesis contains the study of a class of stochastic evolution equations with a fractional noise
Kebaier, Ahmed. "Réduction de variance et discrétisation d'équations différentielles stochastiques : théorèmes limites presque sûres pour les martingales quasi-continues à gauche." Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011947.
Full textThis thesis contains two parts related respectively to the discretization of stochastic differential equations and to the almost sure limit theorems for martingales. The first part is made up three chapters: the first chapter introduces the general framework of the study and presents the main results. The second chapter is devoted to study a new method of acceleration of convergence, called statistical Romberg method, for the evaluation of expectations of functions or functionnal of a given diffusion. In the third chapter, we use this method in order to approximate density diffusions using kernel density functions. The second part of the thesis is made up of two chapters: the first chapter presents the recents results concerning the almost sure central limit theorem and its extensions. The second chapter, extends various results of type ASCLT for quasi-left continuous martingales
Lambart, Céline. "EDSR: analyse de discrétisation et résolution par méthodes de Monte Carlo adaptatives : perturbation de domaines pour les options américaines." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPXX0020.
Full textBencheikh, Oumaima. "Analyse de l'erreur faible de discrétisation en temps et en particules d'équations différentielles stochastiques non linéaires au sens de McKean." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC1030.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the theoretical and numerical study of the weak error for time and particle discretizations of some Stochastic Differential Equations non linear in the sense of McKean. In the first part, we address the weak error analysis for the time discretization of standard SDEs. More specifically, we study the convergence in total variation of the Euler-Maruyama scheme applied to d-dimensional SDEs with additive noise and a measurable drift coefficient. We prove weak convergence with order 1/2 when assuming boundedness on the drift coefficient. By adding more regularity to the drift, namely the drift has a spatial divergence in the sense of distributions with [rho]-th power integrable with respect to the Lebesgue measure in space uniformly in time for some [rho] superior or egal to d, the order of convergence at the terminal time improves to 1 up to some logarithmic factor. In dimension d=1, this result is preserved when the spatial derivative of the drift is a measure in space with total mass bounded uniformly in time. In the second part of the thesis, we analyze the weak error for both time and particle discretizations of two classes of nonlinear SDEs in the sense of McKean. The first class consists in multi-dimensional SDEs with regular drift and diffusion coefficients in which the dependence in law intervenes through moments. The second class consists in one-dimensional SDEs with a constant diffusion coefficient and a singular drift coefficient where the dependence in law intervenes through the cumulative distribution function. We approximate the SDEs by the Euler-Maruyama schemes of the associated particle systems and obtain for both classes a weak order of convergence equal to 1 in time and particles. We also prove, for the second class, a trajectorial propagation of chaos result with optimal order 1/2 in particles as well as a strong order of convergence equal to 1 in time and 1/2 in particles. All our theoretical results are illustrated by numerical experiments
Rey, Clément. "Étude et modélisation des équations différentielles stochastiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1177/document.
Full textThe development of technology and computer science in the last decades, has led the emergence of numerical methods for the approximation of Stochastic Differential Equations (SDE) and for the estimation of their parameters. This thesis treats both of these two aspects. In particular, we study the effectiveness of those methods. The first part will be devoted to SDE's approximation by numerical schemes while the second part will deal with the estimation of the parameters of the Wishart process. First, we focus on approximation schemes for SDE's. We will treat schemes which are defined on a time grid with size $n$. We say that the scheme $ X^n $ converges weakly to the diffusion $ X $, with order $ h in mathbb{N} $, if for every $ T> 0 $, $ vert mathbb{E} [f (X_T) -f (X_T^n)]vert leqslant C_f / h^n $. Until now, except in some particular cases (Euler and Victoir Ninomiya schemes), researches on this topic require that $ C_f$ depends on the supremum norm of $ f $ as well as its derivatives. In other words $C_f =C sum_{vert alpha vert leqslant q} Vert partial_{alpha} f Vert_{ infty}$. Our goal is to show that, if the scheme converges weakly with order $ h $ for such $C_f$, then, under non degeneracy and regularity assumptions, we can obtain the same result with $ C_f=C Vert f Vert_{infty}$. We are thus able to estimate $mathbb{E} [f (X_T)]$ for a bounded and measurable function $f$. We will say that the scheme converges for the total variation distance, with rate $h$. We will also prove that the density of $X^n_T$ and its derivatives converge toward the ones of $X_T$. The proof of those results relies on a variant of the Malliavin calculus based on the noise of the random variable involved in the scheme. The great benefit of our approach is that it does not treat the case of a particular scheme and it can be used for many schemes. For instance, our result applies to both Euler $(h = 1)$ and Ninomiya Victoir $(h = 2)$ schemes. Furthermore, the random variables used in this set of schemes do not have a particular distribution law but belong to a set of laws. This leads to consider our result as an invariance principle as well. Finally, we will also illustrate this result for a third weak order scheme for one dimensional SDE's. The second part of this thesis deals with the topic of SDE's parameter estimation. More particularly, we will study the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) of the parameters that appear in the matrix model of Wishart. This process is the multi-dimensional version of the Cox Ingersoll Ross (CIR) process. Its specificity relies on the square root term which appears in the diffusion coefficient. Using those processes, it is possible to generalize the Heston model for the case of a local covariance. This thesis provides the calculation of the EMV of the parameters of the Wishart process. It also gives the speed of convergence and the limit laws for the ergodic cases and for some non-ergodic case. In order to obtain those results, we will use various methods, namely: the ergodic theorems, time change methods or the study of the joint Laplace transform of the Wishart process together with its average process. Moreover, in this latter study, we extend the domain of definition of this joint Laplace transform
Breton, Jean-Christophe. "Contributions à l'étude de quelques fonctionnelles stochastiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de La Rochelle, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439773.
Full textBreton, Jean-Christophe. "Intégrales stables multiples : propriétés des lois ; principe local d'invariance pour des variables aléatoires stationnaires." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001343.
Full textNicaise, Florent. "Calcul stochastique anticipant pour des processus avec sauts." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF2A003.
Full textBenaid, Brahim. "Convergence en loi d'intégrales stochastiques et estimateurs des moindres carrés de certains modèles statistiques instables." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0030.
Full textIn many recent applications, statistics are under the form of discrete stochastic integrals. In this work, we establish a basic theorem on the convergence in distribution of a sequence of discrete stochastic integrals. This result extends earlier corresponding theorems in Chan & Wei (1988) and in Truong-van & Larramendy (1996). Its proof is not based on the classical martingale approximation technique, but from a derivation of Kurtz & Protter's theorem (1991) on the convergence in distribution of sequences of Itô stochastic integrals relative to two semi-martigales and another approximation technique. Furthermore, various applications to asymptotic statistics are also given, mainly those concerning least squares estimators for ARMAX(p,r,q) models and purely unstable integrated ARCH models
Hibon, Hélène. "Équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades quadratiques et réfléchies." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S007/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in studying variously Backward Stochastic Differential Equations. A large proportion of the results are obtained under the assumption that the driver is of quadratic growth in its last variable. A first link between one-dimensional quadratic BSDEs and game theory leads us to develop results with convex drivers. Optimal control theory requires as for it to deal with the multidimensional case, in which global existence and uniqueness are obtained only for diagonaly quadratic drivers. Major achievements in reflected BSDEs (whose solution is constrained to remain in a domain) are reached for Lipschitz drivers. We develop a result of chaos propagation in this setting, with a constraint on the law of the solution rather than on its path. We finaly build bridge between quadratic BSDEs and reflected BSDEs thanks to mean field quadratic BSDEs. We give several new results on solvability of a quadratic BSDE whose driver depends also on the mean of both variables
Gatard, Ludovic. "Méthodes d'équations intégrales de frontière d'ordre élevé pour les équations de Maxwell : couplage de la méthode de discrétisation microlocale et de la méthode multipôle rapide FMM." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13416.
Full textRichou, Adrien. "Étude théorique et numérique des équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543719.
Full textJoulin, Aldéric. "Concentration et fluctuations de processus stochastiques avec sauts." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00115724.
Full textDans la première partie de la thèse, nous explorons le
phénomène de concentration des processus de naissance et de mort. Les différentes approches considérées sont d'une part les inégalités fonctionnelles ainsi que la méthode de
Herbst, et d'autre part l'étude des propriétés du semigroupe associé et des techniques de martingales. En particulier, nous
sommes amenés à introduire diverses notions de courbures de ces processus, analogues discrets du critère de courbure de Bakry-Emery dans le cadre des processus de diffusion.
Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous étudions le
comportement du processus supremum d'une intégrale stable stochastique en établissant des inégalités maximales que nous appliquons à des problèmes de temps de passage de
processus symétriques stables. Enfin, nous démontrons un principe de domination convexe pour des intégrales stochastiques brownienne et stable corrélées.
Delorme, Mathieu. "Processus stochastiques et systèmes désordonnés : autour du mouvement Brownien." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE058/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study stochastic processes appearing in different areas of statistical physics: Firstly, fractional Brownian motion is a generalization of the well-known Brownian motion to include memory. Memory effects appear for example in complex systems and anomalous diffusion, and are difficult to treat analytically, due to the absence of the Markov property. We develop a perturbative expansion around standard Brownian motion to obtain new results for this case. We focus on observables related to extreme-value statistics, with links to mathematical objects: Levy’s arcsine laws and Pickands’ constant. Secondly, the model of elastic interfaces in disordered media is investigated. We consider the case of a Brownian random disorder force. We study avalanches, i.e. the response of the system to a kick, for which several distributions of observables are calculated analytically. To do so, the initial stochastic equation is solved using a deterministic non-linear instanton equation. Avalanche observables are characterized by power-law distributions at small-scale with universal exponents, for which we give new results
Zhang, Jing. "Les équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques avec obstacle." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EVRY0020/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with quasilinear Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (in short SPDE). It is divided into two parts, the first part concerns the obstacle problem for quasilinear SPDE and the second part solves quasilinear SPDE driven by G-Brownian motion. In the first part we begin with the existence and uniqueness result for the obstacle problem of quasilinear stochastic partial differential equations (in short OSPDE). Our method is based on analytical technics coming from the parabolic potential theory. The solution is expressed as a pair (u, v) where u is a predictable continuous process which takes values in a proper Sobolev space and v is a random regular measure satisfying minimal Skohorod condition. Then we prove a maximum principle for a local solution of quasilinear stochastic partial differential equations with obstacle. The proofs are based on a version of Itô’s formula and estimates for the positive part of a local solution which is negative on the lateral boundary. The objective of the second part is to study the well-posedness of stochastic partial differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion in the framework of sublinear expectation spaces. One can also establish an Itô formula for the solution and a comparison theorem
Tryoen, Julie. "Méthodes de Galerkin stochastiques adaptatives pour la propagation d'incertitudes paramétriques dans les modèles hyperboliques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00795322.
Full textJing, Shuai. "Quelques applications de la théorie d'EDSR : EDDSR fractionnaire et propriétés de régularité des EDP-Intégrales." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904183.
Full textDarrigrand, Eric. "Couplage Methodes Multipoles - Discretisation Microlocale pour les Equations Integrales de l'Electromagnetisme." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001797.
Full textToldo, Sandrine. "Convergence de filtrations ; application à la discrétisation de processus et à la stabilité de temps d'arrêt." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011277.
Full textBarbata, Asma. "Filtrage et commande basée sur un observateur pour les systèmes stochastiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0013/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the filtering and control of nonlinear systems described by Itô stochastic differential equations whose diffusion is controlled by a noise which is multiplied with the state vector. In this manuscript, the goal is to relax the conditions of stability used in the literature using the almost sure exponential stability, also called exponential stability with probability equal to one. A new theorem on the almost sure exponential stability of the equilibrium point of a class of triangular nonlinear stochastic systems is proposed: the stability of the whole system is ensured by the stability of each decoupled subsystem. This theorem is applied to the filtering of stochastics systems with multiplicative noises. Conditions for asymptotic rejection of perturbations occurring in a stochastic differential equation with multiplicative noises have been proposed. The considered stability is the almost sure exponential one. A bound of the Lyapunov exponent ensures the almost sure convergence rate to zero for the state of the system. A bang-bang control law is synthesized for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems in two cases: (i) state feedback and (ii) measured output feedback with an observer. The used stability is the almost sure exponential one. The bounded real lemma is developed for stochastic algebro-differential systems with multiplicative noises and the Itô formula given for thèse systems. This approach has been used for the synthesis of an H-ihfinity measured output feedback control law with the exponential mean square stability. An observer for nonlinear stochastic algebro-differential systems was proposed using the almost sure exponential stability
Tankov, Peter. "Contributions à l'étude de discrétisation des processus avec sauts, du risque de liquidité, et du risque de saut dans les marchés financiers." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712732.
Full textLiorit, Grégory. "Etude des valeurs propres de quelques processus matriciels à l'aide d'une méthode de Laplace pour des intégrales stochastiques itérées et de la formule de Campbell-Hausdorff stochastique." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2329.
Full textTran, Viet Chi. "Modèles particulaires stochastiques pour des problèmes d'évolution adaptative et pour l'approximation de solutions statistiques." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125100.
Full textSlaoui, Meryem. "Analyse stochastique et inférence statistique des solutions d’équations stochastiques dirigées par des bruits fractionnaires gaussiens et non gaussiens." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I079.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is devoted to the study of the solutions of stochastic differential equations driven by additive Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises. As a non-Gaussian driving noise, we use the Hermite processes. These processes form a family of self-similar stochastic processes with stationary increments and long memory and they can be expressed as multiple Wiener-Itô integrals. The class of Hermite processes includes the well-known fractional Brownian motion which is the only Gaussian Hermite process, and the Rosenblatt process. In a first chapter, we consider the solution to the linear stochastic heat equation driven by a multiparameter Hermite process of any order and with Hurst multi-index H. We study the existence and establish various properties of its mild solution. We discuss also its probability distribution in the non-Gaussian case. The second part deals with the asymptotic behavior in distribution of solutions to stochastic equations when the Hurst parameter converges to the boundary of its interval of definition. We focus on the case of the Hermite Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which is the solution of the Langevin equation driven by the Hermite process, and on the case of the solution to the stochastic heat equation with additive Hermite noise. These results show that the obtained limits cover a large class of probability distributions, from Gaussian laws to distribution of random variables in a Wiener chaos of higher order. In the last chapter, we consider the stochastic wave equation driven by an additive Gaussian noise which behaves as a fractional Brownian motion in time and as a Wiener process in space. We show that the sequence of generalized variations satisfies a Central Limit Theorem and we estimate the rate of convergence via the Stein-Malliavin calculus. The results are applied to construct several consistent estimators of the Hurst index
Bauzet, Caroline. "Etude d'équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3007/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the mathematical field of stochastic nonlinear partial differential equations’ analysis. We are interested in parabolic and hyperbolic PDE stochastically perturbed in the Itô sense. We introduce randomness by adding a stochastic integral (Itô integral), which can depend or not on the solution. We thus talk about a multiplicative noise or an additive one. The presence of the random variable does not allow us to apply systematically classical tools of PDE analysis. Our aim is to adapt known techniques of the deterministic setting to nonlinear stochastic PDE analysis by proposing alternative methods. Here are the obtained results : In Chapter I, we investigate on a stochastic perturbation of Barenblatt equations. By using an implicit time discretization, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution in the additive case. Thanks to the properties of such a solution, we are able to extend this result to the multiplicative noise using a fixed-point theorem. In Chapter II, we consider a class of stochastic equations of Barenblatt type but in an abstract frame. It is about a generalization of results from Chapter I. In Chapter III, we deal with the study of the Cauchy problem for a stochastic conservation law. We show existence of solution via an artificial viscosity method. The compactness arguments are based on Young measure theory. The uniqueness result is proved by an adaptation of the Kruzhkov doubling variables technique. In Chapter IV, we are interested in the Dirichlet problem for the stochastic conservation law studied in Chapter III. The remarkable point is the use of the Kruzhkov semi-entropies to show the uniqueness of the solution. In Chapter V, we introduce a splitting method to propose a numerical approach of the problem studied in Chapter IV. Then we finish by some simulations of the stochastic Burgers’ equation in the one dimensional case
Nourdin, Ivan. "Calcul stochastique généralisé et applications au mouvement brownien fractionnaire : Estimation non paramétrique de la volatilité et test d'adéquation." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008600.
Full textHaddar, Mohamed. "Modélisation numérique d'un système mécanique couplé (fluide-structure) en présence du phénomène de choc : application au support moteur hydroélastique." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD412.
Full textMa, Yutao. "Grandes déviations et concentration convexe en temps continu et discret." La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROS181.
Full textLin, Yiqing. "Équations différentielles stochastiques sous les espérances mathématiques non-linéaires et applications." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S012/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of two relatively independent parts : the first part concerns stochastic differential equations in the framework of the G-expectation, while the second part deals with a class of second order backward stochastic differential equations. In the first part, we first consider stochastic integrals with respect to an increasing process and give an extension of Itô's formula in the G-framework. Then, we study a class of scalar valued reflected stochastic differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion. Subsequently, we prove the existence and the uniqueness of solutions for some locally Lipschitz stochastic differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion. At the end of this part, we consider multidimensional reflected problems in the G-framework, and some convergence results are obtained. In the second part, we study the wellposedness of a class of second order backward stochastic differential equations (2BSDEs) under a quadratic growth condition on their coefficients. The aim of this part is to generalize a wellposedness result for quadratic 2BSDEs by Possamaï and Zhou in 2012. In this thesis, we work under some usual assumptions and deduce the existence and uniqueness theorem as well. Moreover, this theoretical result for quadratic 2BSDEs is applied to solve some robust utility maximization problems in finance
Bruder, Benjamin. "Contrôle stochastique et applications à la couverture d'options en présence d'illiquidité: Aspects théoriques et numériques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00262019.
Full textBellingeri, Carlo. "Formules d'Itô pour l'équation de la chaleur stochastique à travers les théories des chemins rugueux et des structures de regularité." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS028.
Full textIn this thesis we develop a general theory to prove the existence of several Itô formulae on the one dimensional stochastic heat equation driven by additive space-time white noise. That is denoting by u the solution of this SPDE for any smooth enough function f we define some new notions of stochastic integrals defined upon u, which cannot be defined classically, in order to deduce new identities involving f(u) and some non trivial corrections. These new relations are obtained by using the theory of regularity structures and the theory of rough paths. In the first chapter we obtain a differential and an integral identity involving the reconstruction of some modelled distributions. Then we discuss a general change of variable formula over any Hölder continuous path in the context of rough paths, relating it to the notion of quasi-shuffle algebras and the family of so called quasi-geometric rough paths. Finally we apply the general results on quasi-geometric rough paths to the time evolution of u. Using the Gaussian behaviour of the process u, most of the terms involved in these equations are also identified with some classical constructions of stochastic calculus
Trstanova, Zofia. "Mathematical and algorithmic analysis of modified Langevin dynamics." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM054/document.
Full textIn statistical physics, the macroscopic information of interest for the systems under consideration can beinferred from averages over microscopic configurations distributed according to probability measures µcharacterizing the thermodynamic state of the system. Due to the high dimensionality of the system (whichis proportional to the number of particles), these configurations are most often sampled using trajectories ofstochastic differential equations or Markov chains ergodic for the probability measure µ, which describesa system at constant temperature. One popular stochastic process allowing to sample this measure is theLangevin dynamics. In practice, the Langevin dynamics cannot be analytically integrated, its solution istherefore approximated with a numerical scheme. The numerical analysis of such discretization schemes isby now well-understood when the kinetic energy is the standard quadratic kinetic energy.One important limitation of the estimators of the ergodic averages are their possibly large statisticalerrors.Undercertainassumptionsonpotentialandkineticenergy,itcanbeshownthatacentrallimittheoremholds true. The asymptotic variance may be large due to the metastability of the Langevin process, whichoccurs as soon as the probability measure µ is multimodal.In this thesis, we consider the discretization of modified Langevin dynamics which improve the samplingof the Boltzmann–Gibbs distribution by introducing a more general kinetic energy function U instead of thestandard quadratic one. We have in fact two situations in mind:(a) Adaptively Restrained (AR) Langevin dynamics, where the kinetic energy vanishes for small momenta,while it agrees with the standard kinetic energy for large momenta. The interest of this dynamics isthat particles with low energy are restrained. The computational gain follows from the fact that theinteractions between restrained particles need not be updated. Due to the separability of the positionand momenta marginals of the distribution, the averages of observables which depend on the positionvariable are equal to the ones computed with the standard Langevin dynamics. The efficiency of thismethod lies in the trade-off between the computational gain and the asymptotic variance on ergodic av-erages which may increase compared to the standard dynamics since there are a priori more correlationsin time due to restrained particles. Moreover, since the kinetic energy vanishes on some open set, theassociated Langevin dynamics fails to be hypoelliptic. In fact, a first task of this thesis is to prove thatthe Langevin dynamics with such modified kinetic energy is ergodic. The next step is to present a math-ematical analysis of the asymptotic variance for the AR-Langevin dynamics. In order to complementthe analysis of this method, we estimate the algorithmic speed-up of the cost of a single iteration, as afunction of the parameters of the dynamics.(b) We also consider Langevin dynamics with kinetic energies growing more than quadratically at infinity,in an attempt to reduce metastability. The extra freedom provided by the choice of the kinetic energyshould be used in order to reduce the metastability of the dynamics. In this thesis, we explore thechoice of the kinetic energy and we demonstrate on a simple low-dimensional example an improvedconvergence of ergodic averages.An issue with the situations we consider is the stability of discretized schemes. In order to obtain aweakly consistent method of order 2 (which is no longer trivial for a general kinetic energy), we rely on therecently developped Metropolis schemes
Coviello, Rosanna. "Calcul stochastique via régularisation et applications financières." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121525.
Full textNous fournissons des exemples de portefeuilles autofinancés et introduisons une notion de A-martingale. Un calcul relatif à celle-ci est développé. La condition de non-arbitrage parmi toutes les stratégies dans A est récupérée si le processus des prix de l'actif risqué est une A-martingale.
Nous abordons le problème de la viabilité du marché, de la couverture et de la maximisation de l'utilité de la richesse terminale.
La deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée à l'étude d'une équation différentielle stochastique unidimensionnelle dirigée par une semimartingale mélangée à un processus à variation cubique finie.
Nous proposons une méthode qui repose sur une transformation réduisant le coefficient de diffusion à 1.
Le développement de la méthode utilisée nous conduit à des résultats significatifs dans l'analyse du calcul via régularisation.
En particulier, une formule de type Ito-Wentzell relative aux processus à variation cubique finie est
établie et la structure des processus weak-Dirichlet par rapport à la filtration brownienne est clarifiée.
Nous démontrons, par une approche similaire, l'existence et l'unicité d'une équation dirigée par un processus hölder-continu dans l'espace. En utilisant une formule d'Ito pour les semimartingales réversibles nous prouvons l'existence d'une solution lorsque le processus dirigeant l'équation est le mouvement brownien et le coefficient de diffusion est juste continu
Kharroubi, Idris. "EDS Rétrogrades et Contrôle Stochastique Séquentiel en Temps Continu en Finance." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439542.
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