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Academic literature on the topic 'Discrete response models'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Discrete response models"

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Hilbe, Joseph M. "Creating Synthetic Discrete-response Regression Models." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 10, no. 1 (March 2010): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1001000110.

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Fahrmeir, Ludwig, and Heinz Kaufmann. "Asymptotic inference in discrete response models." Statistische Hefte 27, no. 1 (December 1986): 179–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02932567.

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Lien, Donald, and David Rearden. "Missing measurements in discrete response models." Economics Letters 32, no. 3 (March 1990): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(90)90103-8.

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McFadden, Daniel, and Kenneth Train. "Mixed MNL models for discrete response." Journal of Applied Econometrics 15, no. 5 (2000): 447–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1255(200009/10)15:5<447::aid-jae570>3.0.co;2-1.

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Terza, Joseph V. "Optimal discrete prediction in parametric binary response models." Economics Letters 91, no. 1 (April 2006): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2005.10.017.

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Arabatzis, Alexandros A., and Timothy G. Gregoire. "Ordered and unordered multinomial response models: an application to assess loblolly pine merchantability." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-032.

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Qualitative response models constitute a class of regression models used to predict one of a discrete number of mutually exclusive outcomes. These models differ from continuous regression models in that the response variable takes only discrete values. In forestry applications, the use of such models has been largely confined to mortality studies where the dependent variable is dichotomous. However, it is common in forestry to deal with variables that are either naturally discrete or continuous but recorded discretely. Consequently, there is a need for models that are appropriate for polychotomous dependent variables. Two models that appear to be suitable for forestry applications are presented, namely the ordered and unordered multinomial models, with emphasis on their theoretical justification, statistical inference, and model selection criteria. Using permanent plot data from loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) plantations on cutover, site-prepared areas throughout the southern United States, these models were fitted to assess the merchantability of loblolly pine trees. The results demonstrate the potential of qualitative response models for meaningful implementation in a variety of forestry applications and, also, for suggested topics for future research work.
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Schmittmann, Verena D., Conor V. Dolan, Han L. J. van der Maas, and Michael C. Neale. "Discrete Latent Markov Models for Normally Distributed Response Data." Multivariate Behavioral Research 40, no. 4 (October 2005): 461–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr4004_4.

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Donkin, Christopher, Robert M. Nosofsky, Jason M. Gold, and Richard M. Shiffrin. "Discrete-slots models of visual working-memory response times." Psychological Review 120, no. 4 (2013): 873–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0034247.

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Carstea, A. S., A. Ramani, J. Satsuma, R. Willox, and B. Grammaticos. "Continuous, discrete and ultradiscrete models of an inflammatory response." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 364 (May 2006): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2005.08.073.

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Khan, Shakeeb, and Denis Nekipelov. "Information structure and statistical information in discrete response models." Quantitative Economics 9, no. 2 (2018): 995–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe288.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Discrete response models"

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Peluso, Alina. "Novel regression models for discrete response." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15581.

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In a regression context, the aim is to analyse a response variable of interest conditional to a set of covariates. In many applications the response variable is discrete. Examples include the event of surviving a heart attack, the number of hospitalisation days, the number of times that individuals benefit of a health service, and so on. This thesis advances the methodology and the application of regression models with discrete response. First, we present a difference-in-differences approach to model a binary response in a health policy evaluation framework. In particular, generalized linear mixed methods are employed to model multiple dependent outcomes in order to quantify the effect of an adopted pay-for-performance program while accounting for the heterogeneity of the data at the multiple nested levels. The results show how the policy had a positive effect on the hospitals' quality in terms of those outcomes that can be more influenced by a managerial activity. Next, we focus on regression models for count response variables. In a parametric framework, Poisson regression is the simplest model for count data though it is often found not adequate in real applications, particularly in the presence of excessive zeros and in the case of dispersion, i.e. when the conditional mean is different to the conditional variance. Negative Binomial regression is the standard model for over-dispersed data, but it fails in the presence of under-dispersion. Poisson-Inverse Gaussian regression can be used in the case of over-dispersed data, Generalised-Poisson regression can be employed in the case of under-dispersed data, and Conway-Maxwell Poisson regression can be employed in both cases of over- or under-dispersed data, though the interpretability of these models is ot straightforward and they are often found computationally demanding. While Jittering is the default non-parametric approach for count data, inference has to be made for each individual quantile, separate quantiles may cross and the underlying uniform random sampling can generate instability in the estimation. These features motivate the development of a novel parametric regression model for counts via a Discrete Weibull distribution. This distribution is able to adapt to different types of dispersion relative to Poisson, and it also has the advantage of having a closed form expression for the quantiles. As well as the standard regression model, generalized linear mixed models and generalized additive models are presented via this distribution. Simulated and real data applications with different type of dispersion show a good performance of Discrete Weibull-based regression models compared with existing regression approaches for count data.
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Angelov, Nikolay. "Essays on unit-root testing and on discrete-response modelling of firm mergers /." Uppsala : Department of Economics, Uppsala University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6358.

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McCune, Robert E. "Identification of Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Transfer Function Models from Frequency Response Measurements." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1239731009.

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Wifall, Timothy Curtis. "Reaching into response selection: stimulus and response similarity influence central operations." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1418.

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This dissertation examines the impact of stimulus and response similarity on response selection. Traditional models of response selection invoke a central processor that operates like a look-up table by matching the perceptually classified stimulus (e.g., green square) to the specified response (e.g., right button press). The look-up property of response selection affords the system the ability to map any stimulus onto any response, even if that stimulus-response has never been paired before. Under such an approach, the degree of perceptual similarity or dissimilarity that exists among stimuli in the environment should have little effect on central operations, the similarity or dissimilarity of the motor response executed in response to a stimulus should not influence response selection, and no interaction between stimulus and response features is permitted, given that stimulus features affect the encoding process, and response features affect the output process, but not response selection itself. Eight studies examine the influence of stimulus and response similarity during response selection. The first two experiments establish the interaction across different task demands between stimulus and response similarity. The interaction was not the result of perceptual difficulty (Experiment 3) and was extended to a new set of stimuli (Experiment 4). A consequence of the design in Experiments 1 - 4 was that response condition was confounded with response configuration. In one of the response conditions the target location had three competitors on one side of it compared to the other condition where the target had one competitor on one side and two others on the other side. Experiments 5 and 6 examined the separate roles that response configuration and response metrics had on the interaction between stimulus and response similarity. The mechanism that produced the interaction was the result of competition between partially activated stimulus-response alternatives. Experiments 7 and 8 further explored the role of competition during response selection by turning to traditional response selection methodologies that introduce competition through either the presentation of irrelevant stimulus information or through presenting the stimulus along an irrelevant spatial dimension. These data have broad implications for models of RS. To account for the ability to pair any stimulus modality with any response modality dominant accounts of RS assume that central operations are performed by a generic set of processes that operate over representations that are stripped of metric information (amodal representations). Response selection works as a look-up table that receives a categorized stimulus as an input and returns an abstract response code as output. This type of model cannot produce an interaction between stimulus and response similarity and thus, the present data provide a serious challenge to these types of models. Finally, the data provide evidence that the metric relationship between stimuli and response matter and influence response selection. The co-activation of stimulus-response alternatives are at a level of representation that includes both stimulus and response properties. A framework is presented that captures key aspects of the data.
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Arabatzis, Alexandros A. "Qualitative response models theory and its application to forestry." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09162005-115001/.

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Riillo, Cesare Antonio Fabio. "Why do companies choose to be ISO 9000 certified and what is the relationship between certification and innovation? An empirical analysis for Luxembourg." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/7422.

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2010/2011
Quality is one important characteristic of products and services, but customers can find some difficulties in evaluating it. If information is not uniformly distributed (e.g. sellers have more information than buyers), trade can be difficult (Akerlof 1970). Certification, defined as the assurance that certain requirements are respected, is a possible mechanism to mitigate the asymmetric information. A typical example of certification is the university degree that assures of the fulfillment of academic requirements. This thesis focuses on the ISO 9000 certification, which assures that the quality management system respects the requirements of the ISO 9000 standards family. Having been adopted by more than 1.000.000 organizations in the world, ISO 9000 is a well-known family of standards based on Total Quality Management, a managerial approach aimed to improve quality and organization performance. Several studies investigated ISO 9000 focusing mainly on the manufacturing sector where ISO 9000 originated. However, over the last years, ISO 9000 has being increasingly adopted in service sector. The current study contributes to this research stream taking on both qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the adoption and the impact of ISO 9000 certification in services. More precisely, the thesis focuses on two main research questions: Why do companies choose to be ISO 9000 certified? What is the relationship between ISO 9000 and innovation? The two research questions are investigated through the lens of the signaling model of education (Spence 1973, Weiss 1995). According to this framework, education can benefit the employee directly by increasing his expertise of an employee and by indirectly signaling his unobserved but relevant abilities (e.g. persistence). Similarly to education, ISO 9000 can improve organization performances and ISO 9000 certification can signal unobservable abilities of better companies. Some implications are drawn from this theoretical framework and they are tested using a dedicated dataset obtained by combining firm-level data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS 2006) with the list of ISO 9000 certified companies from Mouvement Luxembourgeois pour la Qualité (MLQ). In the quantitative analysis, the decision of ISO 9000 certification is modeled within a discrete choice model. The quantitative analysis is integrated by a multiple-case study that considers both manufacturing and service companies rigorously selected with the Coarsened Exact Matching method. Addressing the first research question, the study focuses on the signaling effect of ISO 9000 certification. Results shows that companies seek for certification in order to signal to the market unobserved abilities only in specific contexts (e.g. when operating in international market). In addition, it appears that large companies are more likely to be certified than smaller companies. The quantitative analysis shows that the main motivation for certification is the requirements of business customers suggesting that certification is more effective in business to business market that than business to consumers. From a signaling point of view, it can be concluded that qualitative and quantitative findings are not in contrast but the hypothesis that ISO 9000 certification acts as signal is only partially supported. Addressing the second research question, the study suggests that management of quality and management of innovation are not conflicting. Even if distinguishing between organizational benefits and the signaling effect can be difficult, qualitative results shows that ISO 9000 certified companies are more likely to successfully introduce new products and services or new organization and marketing techniques. ISO 9000 certification is correlated with technological innovation (product and process) of manufacturing companies and with innovation of service sector companies when non-technological innovation is considered (organizational and marketing). The qualitative results suggest that ISO 9000 especially in recent versions is not hindering innovation. Reading together the results for both research questions, it appears that ISO 9000 could be a tool for policy-makers willing to improve innovation performance targeting specific groups of companies. Practitioners can better understand the features of firms for which the certification provides the best potential, also in terms of innovation. In this respect, management standards can be an effective tool to diffuse organizational skills among companies especially to companies that have less access to external managerial skills, like small companies. Additionally, the findings of the research can be interpreted as an example of the positive impact that standardization can have on innovation, in line with the policies of European Union that recognize standardization as a potential catalyst for innovation.
La qualità è una caratteristica importante di prodotti e servizi, ma gli acquirenti possono trovare alcune difficoltà nella sua valutazione. Nei caso che l’ informazione non sia uniformemente distribuita (ad esempio, chi vende ha più informazioni di chi compra), le transazioni possono essere difficili da realizzarsi (Akerlof 1970).La certificazione, definita come la garanzia che determinati requisiti sono rispettati, è un possibile meccanismo per mitigare l'asimmetria informativa. Ad esempio, la laurea é un tipico esempio di certificazione che assicura il rispetto dei requisiti accademici. Partendo da queste premesse, questa tesi studia la certificazione ISO 9000, che assicura che il sistema di gestione della qualità rispetti i requisiti della famiglia di standard ISO 9000. L’ ISO 9000, che trova origine nel Total Quality Management, un approccio manageriale volto a migliorare la qualità e le performances dell'organizzazione, è la piú nota famiglia di standards al mondo ed è adottata da più di 1.000.000 organizzazioni. Molte ricerche hanno studiato l’ ISO 9000, concentrandosi principalmente sul settore manifatturiero, ove l’ ISO 9000 ha avuto origine. Tuttavia, negli ultimi anni, ISO 9000 è sempre più adottato nel settore dei servizi. Il presente studio contribuisce a questo linea di ricerca adottando metodologie qualitative e quantitative per indagare l'adozione e l'impatto della certificazione ISO 9000 nel settore dei servizi. Più precisamente, la tesi si focalizza su i due seguenti quesiti: Perché le aziende scelgono di essere certificate ISO 9000? Qual è il rapporto tra ISO 9000 e l'innovazione? Le due domande sono studiate attraverso la lenti del modello di segnale sviluppato originariamente nella ambito degli studi sull’ istruzione (Spence 1973, Weiss 1995). In base a questo approccio teorico, l'istruzione può beneficiare il lavoratore sia aumentandone il capitale umano sia segnalando abilità inosservate, ma rilevanti (es. persistenza). Si ipotizza che in maniera simile all’ istruzione, l‘ ISO 9000 può migliorare le prestazioni aziendali di per sé e la certificazione ISO 9000 sia in grado di segnalare abilità inosservabili delle aziende. Alcune implicazioni tratte da questo quadro teorico sono state verificate su un set di dati ottenuto combinando i dati lussemburghesi a livello di impresa della Community Innovation Survey (CIS 2006) e l'elenco delle aziende certificate ISO 9000 del Mouvement Luxembourgeois pour la Qualité (MLQ). La decisione di certificazione è modellata quantitivamente in un modello a scelta discreta. L'analisi quantitativa è poi integrata dallo studio di casi indagando alcune imprese manifatturiere e di servizi opportunamente selezionate sulla base del Coarsened Exact Matching. Affrontando il primo quesito, la tesi si concentra sugli effetti di segnale della certificazione ISO 9000. I risultati quantitativi suggeriscono che le aziende si certificano al fine di segnalare al mercato capacità difficilmente osservabili in contesti specifici (ad esempio, quando opera sui mercati internazionali). Inoltre, lo studio quantitativo mostra che le imprese piú grandi hanno maggiore probabilità di essere certificate rispetto alle aziende più piccole. Lo studio di casi mostra che le aspettative della clientela sono il motivo principale per certificarsi e che le aziende sono più sensibili alla certificazione ISO 9000 rispetto a consumatori suggerendo che la certificazione è più efficace nel mercato Business to Business. In una ottica di segnale, si può concludere che i risultati quantitativi e qualititativi non sono in contrasto ma l'ipotesi che la certificazione ISO 9000 agisca da segnale è solo parzialmente supportata. Riguardo al seconda quesito, i risultati della tesi sembrano suggerire che la gestione della qualità e gestione dell'innovazione non sono in conflitto. Anche se distinguere tra effetto organizzativo e effetto di segnale non è agevole, i risultati qualitativi mostrano che le aziende certificate sono ,generalmente più propense a introdurre con successo nuovi prodotti e servizi o nuovi tipi di organizzazione e tecniche di marketing. Piú precisamente, la certificazione ISO 9000 è correlata con l'innovazione tecnologica (di prodotto e di processo) delle aziende manifatturiere e con l'innovazione delle imprese del settore dei servizi, quando l'innovazione non tecnologica è considerato (organizzative e di marketing). I risultati qualitativi suggeriscono che l’ ISO 9000, soprattutto nelle versioni più recenti, non è ostacola l'innovazione. Complessivamente, appare che ISO 9000 può essere un valido strumento per i policy makers che desiderano migliorare l' innovazione di specifici tipi di aziende. Inoltre, gli operatori del settore possono comprendere meglio le caratteristiche di imprese per le quali la certificazione fornisce il miglior potenziale, anche in termini di innovazione. In questo senso, standards di gestione possono essere uno strumento efficace per diffondere capacità organizzative tra le imprese, in particolare tra le aziende che hanno meno accesso a competenze manageriali esterne, come le piccole e imprese. Complessivamente, i risultati presentati nella tesi possono essere interpretati come un esempio di impatto positivo che la standardizazione può avere sull'innovazione, in linea con le politiche dell'Unione Europea che riconoscono la standardizzazione come potenziale catalizzatore per l'innovazione.
XXIII Ciclo
1981
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Chen, Zhenyu. "Discrete-time queueing model for responsive network traffic and bottleneck queues." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21314.

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The Internet has been more and more intensively used in recent years. Although network infrastructure has been regularly upgraded, and the ability to manage heavy traffic greatly increased, especially on the core networks, congestion never ceases to appear, as the amount of traffic that flow on the Internet seems to be increasing at an even faster rate. Thus, congestion control mechanisms play a vital role in the functioning of the Internet. Active Queue Management (AQM) is a popular type of congestion control mechanism that is implemented on gateways (most notably routers), which can predict and avoid the congestion before it happens. When properly configured, AQMs can effectively reduce the congestion, and alleviate some of the problems such as global synchronisation and unfairness to bursty traffic. However, there are still many problems regarding AQMs. Most of the AQM schemes are quite sensitive to their parameters setting, and these parameters may be heavily dependent on the network traffic profile, which the administrator may not have intensive knowledge of, and is likely to change over time. When poorly configured, many AQMs perform no better than the basic drop-tail queue. There is currently no effective method to compare the performance of these AQM algorithms, caused by the parameter configuration problem. In this research, the aim is to propose a new analytical model, which mainly uses discrete-time queueing theory. A novel transient modification to the conventional equilibrium-based method is proposed, and it is utilised to further develop a dynamic interactive model of responsive traffic and bottleneck queues. Using step-by-step analysis, it represents the bursty traffic and oscillating queue length behaviour in practical network more accurately. It also provides an effective way of predicting the behaviour of a TCP-AQM system, allowing easier parameter optimisation for AQM schemes. Numerical solution using MATLAB and software simulation using NS-2 are used to extensively validate the proposed models, theories and conclusions.
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Oliveira, Willian Luís de. "Uma classe de modelos de regressão bivariados para respostas discreta e contínua." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7322.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
In this thesis, a wide general class of models for mixed responses is proposed in which joint distributions are constructed by the conditional approach (probability density functions, (pdf), as the product of a marginal pdf and a conditional pdf). It is assumed that the distribution of the discrete response and the conditional distribution of the continuous response given the discrete variable belong to one- or two-parameter exponential family of distributions. Furthermore, the marginal means are related to the covariates by link functions using linear and/or nonlinear and/or non-parametric predictors and a dependency structure between the responses is introduced into the model via the conditional mean. Estimation methods, diagnostic analysis and in uence techniques are presented as well as a simulation study considering the Bernoulli-exponential and Poisson-normal semiparametric models, two particular cases of the proposed class. Finally, one of the proposed models is used in a real data set involving the total cost of care for each patient during hospitalization, the use or not of the intensive treatment units and the age of the patient.
Nesta tese é proposta uma classe ampla e geral de modelos bivariados para respostas mistas em que as distribuições conjuntas são construídas pelo método da fatoração (função densidade de probabilidade, (fdp), como o produto de uma fdp marginal e uma fdp condicional). É assumido que a distribuição da variável resposta discreta e a distribuição condicional da variável resposta contínua dada a variável discreta pertencem à família exponencial de distribuições uniparamétrica ou biparamétrica. Além disso, as médias marginais são relacionadas a covariáveis através de funções de ligação usando preditores linear e/ou não linear e/ou não paramétrico e uma estrutura de dependência entre as respostas é inserida no modelo via a média condicional. Métodos de estimação, análises de diagnóstico e técnicas de in uência são apresentadas assim como um estudo de simulação considerando os modelos Bernoulli-exponencial e Poisson-normal semiparamétrico, dois casos particulares da classe proposta. Finalmente, um dos modelos propostos é usado em um conjunto de dados reais envolvendo gastos totais com cuidados para cada paciente durante a hospitalização, o uso ou não da unidade de tratamento intensivo e a idade do paciente.
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Dabeet, Antone. "Discrete element modeling of direct simple shear response of granular soils and model validation using laboratory tests." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/48510.

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The direct simple shear (DSS) device is one of the most commonly used laboratory testing tools to characterize the shear behavior of soils. In the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) version of the DSS test, where a cylindrical soil specimen is confined by a wire-reinforced membrane, only normal and shear stresses on the horizontal planes are measured. The knowledge of these stresses alone does not provide adequate information to calculate friction angles for use in geotechnical design. Further, the absence of complementary shear stresses at the soil-membrane interface causes stress non-uniformities within DSS specimens, which makes the task of interpreting DSS testing results even more difficult. With the recent advances in computers, it is now possible to model soil in a realistic manner as a collection of particles using the discrete element method (DEM). With this background, a DEM model of a cylindrical DSS specimen was developed to provide insight on the state of stress and strain in DSS specimens. A laboratory DSS testing program was undertaken on glass beads as part of this study. The results of the glass beads tests were used for comparison with the DEM model results. Further, free-form sensors (paper-thin flexible pressure sensors mounted on the reinforced part of the DSS membrane) were used to measure lateral stresses acting on reconstituted Fraser River silt specimens. It was shown that: i) the adopted DEM modeling approach is effective in capturing the salient characteristics of the DSS behavior of the tested glass beads; ii) during the shearing phase, the distribution of shear strains across the specimen is more uniform at lower shear strain levels; iii) significant stress non-uniformities during shearing are limited to a narrow zone of about two particles diameter near the lateral boundaries, while stresses at central specimen locations are relatively more uniform (i.e. most representative of “ideal” simple shear conditions); and iv) at large shear strains, the horizontal plane becomes the plane of maximum obliquity, and the friction angle calculated using the stress state on the horizontal plane is a good approximation to the mobilized friction angle at such strain levels.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Waldbuesser, Caroline. "Extending Emotional Response Theory: Testing a Model of Teacher Communication Behaviors, Student Emotional Processes, Student Academic Resilience, Student Engagement, and Student Discrete Emotions." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1556573843625795.

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Books on the topic "Discrete response models"

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Facility, Dryden Flight Research, ed. Analysis of structural response data using discrete modal filters. Edwards, Calif: The Facility, 1990.

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McFadden, Daniel. A method of simulated moments for estimation of discrete response models without numerical integration. Cambridge, Mass: Dept. of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987.

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Admire, J. R. A transient response method for linear coupled substructures. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1989.

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Ontario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Géométrie et mathématiques discrètes mga4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.

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Discrete Response Regression Models. Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2001.

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Jackman, Simon. Measurement. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0006.

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This article shows that the words ‘behavioural’ and ‘behaviour’ turn out to be better measures as judged by tests of criterion and convergent validity. It specifically discusses measurement problems. Further, it pertains to statistical models that link latent variables and their observed indicators as measurement models. The success of measurement — the quality of the inferences provided by a measurement model — is usually assessed with reference to two key concepts: validity and reliability. The distinct uses of measures of latent variables are reported. The article then deals with the costs of ignoring measurement error. Additionally, a quick introduction to factor analysis, item-response models, and a very general class of latent variable models are briefly given. Moreover, it describes the inference for discrete latent variables and the measurement in a dynamic setting.
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Gelfand, Alan, and Sujit K. Sahu. Models for demography of plant populations. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.17.

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This article discusses the use of Bayesian analysis and methods to analyse the demography of plant populations, and more specifically to estimate the demographic rates of trees and how they respond to environmental variation. It examines data from individual (tree) measurements over an eighteen-year period, including diameter, crown area, maturation status, and survival, and from seed traps, which provide indirect information on fecundity. The multiple data sets are synthesized with a process model where each individual is represented by a multivariate state-space submodel for both continuous (fecundity potential, growth rate, mortality risk, maturation probability) and discrete states (maturation status). The results from plant population demography analysis demonstrate the utility of hierarchical modelling as a mechanism for the synthesis of complex information and interactions.
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Crowley, Lara M. Interpreting Manuscript Contexts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821861.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 introduces and explores the book’s central thesis through considering practices by Donne’s early readers, placing this study into recent critical conversations on Donne and manuscript culture, and establishing its contribution to such conversations. In addition to adding several discrete examples of manuscript investigations that suggest early interpretive responses to Donne’s texts, this chapter advances a methodological approach for examining literary works within original artifacts: it delineates manuscript elements to investigate in order to uncover clues regarding early modern literary interpretations. These components include provenance, papers and how they were constructed into books, scribes, marginalia, titles, ascriptions, paratexts, and contents and their sequences. Because one cannot anticipate which elements will prove most informative for any given manuscript, all components require attention. This pragmatic approach to manuscript study encourages scholars to embark on explorations traditionally relegated to bibliography and textual studies that actually prove essential to literary criticism.
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Noakes, Lucy, Claire Langhamer, and Claudia Siebrecht, eds. Total War. British Academy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266663.001.0001.

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War is often lived through and remembered as a time of heightened emotional intensity. This edited collection places the emotions of war centre stage. It explores emotional responses in particular wartime locations, maps national and transnational emotional cultures, and proposes new ways of deploying emotion as an analytical device. Whilst grief and fear are among the emotions most immediately associated with the rhetoric, experience, and memory of war, this collection suggests that feelings such as love, shame, pride, jealousy, anger, and resentment also merit attention. This book explores the status and uses of emotion as a category of historical and contemporaneous analysis. It goes beyond the cataloguing of discrete feelings to consider the use of emotion to understand the past. It considers the emotional agency of historical actors and the contexts, modes, and time frames in which they communicated their feelings. Wartime provides a dynamic context for thinking through the possibilities and limitations of the emotional approach. This collection provides case studies that explain how emotional registers respond to world events. These range from First World War Germany, interwar France, and Second World War Britain to the Greek Civil War and to the post-war world. Several chapters trace the emotional legacy of war across different conflicts and to the present day: they show how past, present, and possible futures intersect in the emotions of a moment. They also reveal links between the intimate, the national, and the international, between interiority and sociality, and between conflict and its aftermath.
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Dinham, Adam, Alp Arat, and Martha Shaw. Religion and Belief Literacy. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447344636.001.0001.

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This book presents a crisis of religion and belief literacy to which education at every level is challenged to respond. As understanding different religions, beliefs and influences becomes increasingly important, the book fills a gap for a resource in bringing together the debates around religious literacy, from theoretical approaches to teaching and policy. The book begins with an overview of religion and belief literacy. Religion and belief literacy is both socialised and learnt. While treated in schools as a discrete and marginalised subject for children, it overlaps with citizenship and sex education. Thus, it will be experienced primarily in those ways rather than engaged with more openly as lived experiences around the world. The book shows that learning about religion and belief is a lifelong process. Crucially, learning happens in different combinations, in different orders, with different modes, for different purposes, and at different paces for each individual. This reflects the importance of connecting the chain of learning across all the spaces through which people pass in everyday life so that the fullest range of thinking and contestations about religion and belief landscapes are more or less consistently revealed in their complexity and by recognising the boundaries and competitions between ideas. The book provides a clear pathway for engaging well with religion and belief diversity in public and shared settings.
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Book chapters on the topic "Discrete response models"

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Kertesz, Balazs. "Discrete Response Models." In Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Applied Econometrics, 163–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60783-2_6.

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Nikoloulopoulos, Aristidis K. "Copula-Based Models for Multivariate Discrete Response Data." In Copulae in Mathematical and Quantitative Finance, 231–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35407-6_11.

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Quicke, Donald, Buntika A. Butcher, and Rachel Kruft Welton. "More generalized linear modelling." In Practical R for biologists: an introduction, 171–86. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0015.

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Abstract This chapter employs generalized linear modelling using the function glm when we know that variances are not constant with one or more explanatory variables and/or we know that the errors cannot be normally distributed, for example, they may be binary data, or count data where negative values are impossible, or proportions which are constrained between 0 and 1. A glm seeks to determine how much of the variation in the response variable can be explained by each explanatory variable, and whether such relationships are statistically significant. The data for generalized linear models take the form of a continuous response variable and a combination of continuous and discrete explanatory variables.
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Quicke, Donald, Buntika A. Butcher, and Rachel Kruft Welton. "More generalized linear modelling." In Practical R for biologists: an introduction, 171–86. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0171.

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Abstract This chapter employs generalized linear modelling using the function glm when we know that variances are not constant with one or more explanatory variables and/or we know that the errors cannot be normally distributed, for example, they may be binary data, or count data where negative values are impossible, or proportions which are constrained between 0 and 1. A glm seeks to determine how much of the variation in the response variable can be explained by each explanatory variable, and whether such relationships are statistically significant. The data for generalized linear models take the form of a continuous response variable and a combination of continuous and discrete explanatory variables.
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Friendly, Michael, David Meyer, and Achim Zeileis. "Models for Polytomous Responses." In Discrete Data Analysis with R, 323–48. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2016. | Series: Chapman & hall/CRC texts in statistical science series ; 120 | “A CRC title.”: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19022-11.

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Puzone, R., B. Kohler, P. Seiden, and F. Celada. "A Discrete Model of Cellular/Humoral Responses." In Theory and Practical Issues on Cellular Automata, 117–25. London: Springer London, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0709-5_14.

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Palazzo, Lucio, Pietro Sabatino, and Riccardo Ievoli. "Determinants of social startups in Italy." In Proceedings e report, 85–90. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-304-8.18.

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The so called "Startup Act" (Decree Law 179/2012, converted into Law 221/2012), has introduced in Italy the notion of innovative companies with a high technological value, denoted as the innovative startups. Among them, the Italian government includes the category of SIAVS ("Startup Innovative A Vocazione Sociale"), which represents a relatively new field of interest in both scientific and normative perspective. A social startup must satisfy the same requirement of other innovative startups, usually operating in sectors such as social assistance, education, health, social tourism and culture which can have a direct (social) impact on collective well-being. Furthermore, they must produce specific reporting of the produced social impact, enjoying also some tax benefits. In 2020 more than 200 SIAVS are registered in Italy, more than doubled with respect to 2015. This work is concerned with the empirical analysis of innovative companies focused in funding and implementing solutions to social, cultural, or environmental issues. Specifically, the aim of the paper is to investigate what are the relevant factors for the arise of SIAVS in Italy. The response variable is based on the number of active social startups in Italian provinces while the set of explanatory variables is composed by economic and demographic indicators at the provincial level. Generalized linear models (GLM) for discrete outcomes are applied and compared, even taking into account the zero-inflated issue arising due to the distribution of these particular data.
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Santra, P., and G. S. Mahapatra. "Discrete Prey–Predator Model with Square Root Functional Response Under Imprecise Biological Parameters." In Mathematical Modeling and Computational Tools, 211–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3615-1_14.

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Vaz, Sandra, and Delfim F. M. Torres. "Discrete-Time System of an Intracellular Delayed HIV Model with CTL Immune Response." In Dynamic Control and Optimization, 211–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17558-9_12.

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Elizabeth Sebastian, Priyanka Victor, and Preethi Victor. "Discrete-Time Eco-epidemiological Model with Disease in Prey and Holling Type III Functional Response." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 329–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0451-3_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Discrete response models"

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BATILL, S., and J. HOLLKAMP. "Parameter identification of discrete time series models for transient response prediction." In 29th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2231.

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Robertson, A. N., K. C. Park, and K. F. Alvin. "Identification of Structural Dynamics Models Using Wavelet-Generated Impulse Response Data." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0380.

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Abstract This paper addresses the use of discrete wavelet tranforms for the identification of structural dynamics models. First, the discrete temporal impulse response functions are obtained from vibration records by the discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs), which are then utilized for system realizations. From the realized state space models, structural modes, mode shapes and damping parameters are extracted. Attention has been focused on a careful comparison of the present DWT system identification approach to the FFT-based approach and a rational criterion for truncating realized singular values. Numerical examples demonstrate that the present DWT-based structural system identification procedure outperforms the FFT-based procedure.
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Butterworth, Jeffrey A., Lucy Y. Pao, and Daniel Y. Abramovitch. "Fitting Discrete-Time Models to Frequency Responses for Systems With Transport Delay." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63580.

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Fitting discrete-time models to frequency-response functions without addressing existing transport delay can yield higher-order models including additional non-physical nonminimum-phase (NMP) zeros beyond those that may appear as a result of sampling. These NMP zeros can be attributed to a discrete-time representation of a Pade´ approximation to account for the transport delay [1, 2]. Here, we explore this idea in greater detail and this discussion motivates the main contribution of this paper, the presentation of a procedure for fitting a discrete-time model to experimentally measured frequency response data. The appearance of NMP zeros in a system model can complicate controller design and limits the desired closed-loop performance. This discrete-time model-fitting procedure presents a technique that will help yield a model that reflects the measured frequency-response functions accurately, while minimizing the presence of non-physical NMP zeros. The key benefit being that, with respect to previous model fits, it may be possible to eliminate all NMP zeros in the discrete-time model. In the case of model-inverse-based control design, this will allow the stable inversion of the model without the use of approximation methods to account for NMP zeros.
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Meckesheimer, Martin, Russell R. Barton, Frej Limayem, and Bernard Yannou. "Metamodeling of Combined Discrete/Continuous Responses." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/dtm-14573.

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Abstract Metamodels are effective for providing fast-running surrogate measures of product or system performance. Instantaneous performance estimation can allow designers to pursue design alternatives interactively, a methodology different from traditional case-based or optimization-based design. Metamodel approximations are generally based on continuous functions, and therefore they can be poor at fitting discontinuous responses. Many engineering models produce functions that are only piecewise continuous, due to changes in modes of behavior or other state variables. This paper shows that a state-selecting metamodel approach can provide an accurate approximation for piecewise continuous response functions. The method is applied to a desk lamp performance model.
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Chan, Wai, and Lee Schruben. "Response Gradient Estimation using Mathematical Programming Models of Discrete-Event System Sample Paths." In 2006 Winter Simulation Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2006.323083.

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Baker, Myles, and D. Mingori. "Discrete time state space models based on response data over a finite time interval." In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3640.

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Tilbury, D. M., B. T. Felt, N. Kaciroti, L. Wang, and T. Tardif. "Dynamic Systems Modeling of Cortisol Stress Response." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2197.

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This paper presents preliminary results for using dynamic systems models to describe cortisol responses to stressful events. Linear, single-input single-output discrete-time models are used. Choices that must be made regarding interpolation and input modeling are discussed in some detail. Results are presented that indicate an impulse model for the stressful input gives a better fit than no input, and that logarithmic transformation of the data before model fitting gives no better results than using the raw data. The issue of stability of the resulting models is discussed. In addition, the paper discusses how the resulting dynamic systems models can be used for statistical analysis, as well as for predicting future stress responses.
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Brake, M. R. "The Effect of the Impact Model on Vibration Response of Discrete and Continuous Systems." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70012.

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Impact is a phenomenon that is ubiquitous in mechanical design; however, the modeling of impacts in complex systems is often a simplified, imprecise process. In many high fidelity finite element simulations, the number of elements required to accurately model the constitutive properties of an impact event is impractical. As a result, rigid body dynamics with approximate representations of the impact dynamics are commonly used. These approximations can include a constant coefficient of restitution, an artificially large penalty stiffness, or a single degree of freedom constitutive model for the impact dynamics that is specific to the type of materials involved (elastic, plastic, viscoelastic, etc.). In order to understand the effect of the impact model on the system’s dynamics, simulations are conducted to investigate a single degree of freedom, two degrees of freedom, and continuous system each with rigid stops limiting the amplitude of vibration. Five contact models are considered: a coefficient of restitution method, a penalty stiffness method, two similar elastic-plastic constitutive models, and a dissimilar elastic-plastic constitutive model. Frequency sweeps show that simplified contact models can lead to incorrect assessments of the system’s dynamics and stability. In the worst case, periodic behavior can be predicted in a chaotic regime. Additionally, the choice of contact model can significantly affect the prediction of wear and damage in the system.
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Giresini, Linda, Bartolomeo Pantò, Salvatore Caddemi, and Ivo Caliò. "OUT-OF-PLANE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF MASONRY FAÇADES USING DISCRETE MACRO-ELEMENT AND RIGID BLOCK MODELS." In 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120119.6950.19405.

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Nussbaum, Frank, and Joachim Giesen. "Disentangling Direct and Indirect Interactions in Polytomous Item Response Theory Models." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/310.

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Measurement is at the core of scientific discovery. However, some quantities, such as economic behavior or intelligence, do not allow for direct measurement. They represent latent constructs that require surrogate measurements. In other scenarios, non-observed quantities can influence the variables of interest. In either case, models with latent variables are needed. Here, we investigate fused latent and graphical models that exhibit continuous latent variables and discrete observed variables. These models are characterized by a decomposition of the pairwise interaction parameter matrix into a group-sparse component of direct interactions and a low-rank component of indirect interactions due to the latent variables. We first investigate when such a decomposition is identifiable. Then, we show that fused latent and graphical models can be recovered consistently from data in the high-dimensional setting. We support our theoretical findings with experiments on synthetic and real-world data from polytomous item response theory studies.
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Reports on the topic "Discrete response models"

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Scott, B. R. Response-surface models for deterministic effects of localized irradiation of the skin by discrete {beta}/{gamma} -emitting sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/381399.

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Zheng, Jinhui, Matteo Ciantia, and Jonathan Knappett. On the efficiency of coupled discrete-continuum modelling analyses of cemented materials. University of Dundee, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001236.

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Computational load of discrete element modelling (DEM) simulations is known to increase with the number of particles. To improve the computational efficiency hybrid methods using continuous elements in the far-field, have been developed to decrease the number of discrete particles required for the model. In the present work, the performance of using such coupling methods is investigated. In particular, the coupled wall method, known as the “wall-zone” method when coupling DEM and the continuum Finite Differences Method (FDM) using the Itasca commercial codes PFC and FLAC respectively, is here analysed. To determine the accuracy and the efficiency of such a coupling approach, 3-point bending tests of cemented materials are simulated numerically. To validate the coupling accuracy first the elastic response of the beam is considered. The advantage of employing such a coupling method is then investigated by loading the beam until failure. Finally, comparing the results between DEM, DEM-FDM coupled and FDM models, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are outlined.
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Hodgdon, Taylor, Brendan West, Julie Parno, Theodore Letcher, Zoe Courville, and Lauren Farnsworth. Extracting sintered snow properties from microCT imagery to initialize a discrete element method model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45305.

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Modeling snow’s mechanical behavior is important for many cold regions engineering problems. Because snow’s microstructure plays a significant role in its mechanical response, it is imperative to initialize models with accurate bond characteristics and realistic snow-grain geometries to precisely capture the microstructure interactions. Previous studies have processed microcomputed tomography scans of snow samples with a watershed method to extract grain geometries. This approach relies on identification of seed points to segment each grain. Our new methodology, called the “moving window method,” does not require prior knowledge of the snow-grain-size distribution to identify seed points. We use the interconnectivity of the segmented grains to identify bond characteristics. We compare the resultant grain-size and bond-size distributions to the known grain sizes of the laboratory-made snow samples. The grain-size distributions from the moving window method closely match the known grain sizes, while both results from the traditional method produce grains that are too large. We propose that the bond net-work identified using the traditional method underestimates the number of bonds and overestimates bond radii. Our method allows us to segment realistic snow grains and their associated bonds, without prior knowledge of the samples, from which we can initialize numerical models of the snow.
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Smith, Jovanca J., and Joseph E. Bishop. A comparison of the lattice discrete particle method to the finite-element method and the K&C material model for simulating the static and dynamic response of concrete. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1204097.

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Nadal-Caraballo, Norberto C., Madison C. Yawn, Luke A. Aucoin, Meredith L. Carr, Jeffrey A. Melby, Efrain Ramos-Santiago, Victor M. Gonzalez, et al. Coastal Hazards System–Louisiana (CHS-LA). US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45286.

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The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) expanded the Coastal Hazards System (CHS) to quantify storm surge and wave hazards for coastal Louisiana. The CHS Louisiana (CHS-LA) coastal study was sponsored by the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) and the New Orleans District (MVN), US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to support Louisiana’s critical coastal infrastructure and to ensure the effectiveness of coastal storm risk management projects. The CHS-LA applied the CHS Probabilistic Coastal Hazard Analysis (PCHA) framework to quantify tropical cyclone (TC) responses, leveraging new atmospheric and hydrodynamic numerical model simulations of synthetic TCs developed explicitly for the Louisiana region. This report focuses on documenting the PCHA conducted for the CHS-LA, including details related to the characterization of storm climate, storm sampling, storm recurrence rate estimation, marginal distributions, correlation and dependence structure of TC atmospheric-forcing parameters, development of augmented storm suites, and assignment of discrete storm weights to the synthetic TCs. As part of CHS-LA, coastal hazards were estimated within the study area for annual exceedance frequencies (AEFs) over the range of 10 yr-1 to 1×10-4 yr-1.
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Nadal-Caraballo, Norberto, Madison Yawn, Luke Aucoin, Meredith Carr, Jeffrey Melby, Efrain Ramos-Santiago, Fabian Garcia-Moreno, et al. Coastal Hazards System–Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (CHS-PR). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46200.

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The South Atlantic Coastal Study (SACS) was completed by the US Army Corps of Engineers to quantify storm surge and wave hazards allowing for the expansion of the Coastal Hazards System (CHS) to the South Atlantic Division (SAD) domain. The goal of the CHS-SACS was to quantify coastal storm hazards for present conditions and future sea level rise (SLR) scenarios to aid in reducing flooding risk and increasing resiliency in coastal environments. CHS-SACS was completed for three regions within the SAD domain, and this report focuses on the Coastal Hazards System–Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (CHS-PR). This study applied the CHS Probabilistic Coastal Hazard Analysis (PCHA) framework for quantifying tropical cyclone (TC) responses, leveraging new atmospheric and hydrodynamic numerical model simulations of synthetic TCs developed explicitly for the CHS-PR region. This report focuses on documenting the PCHA conducted for CHS-PR, including the characterization of storm climate, storm sampling, storm recurrence rate estimation, marginal distributions, correlation and dependence structure of TC atmospheric-forcing parameters, development of augmented storm suites, and assignment of discrete storm weights to the synthetic TCs. As part of CHS-PR, coastal hazards were estimated for annual exceedance frequencies over the range of 10 yr⁻¹ to 10⁻⁴ yr⁻¹.
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Chamovitz, Daniel A., and Xing-Wang Deng. Developmental Regulation and Light Signal Transduction in Plants: The Fus5 Subunit of the Cop9 Signalosome. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586531.bard.

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Plants adjust their growth and development in a manner optimal for the prevailing light conditions. The molecular mechanisms by which light signals are transduced and integrated with other environmental and developmental signals are an area of intense research. (Batschauer, 1999; Quail, 2002) One paradigm emerging from this work is the interconnectedness of discrete physiological responses at the biochemical level, for instance, between auxin and light signaling (Colon-Carmona et al., 2000; Schwechheimer and Deng, 2001; Tian and Reed, 1999) and between light signaling and plant pathogen interactions (Azevedo et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2002). The COP9 signalosome (CSN) protein complex has a central role in the light control of plant development. Arabidopsis mutants that lack this complex develop photomorphogenically even in the absence of light signals (reviewed in (Karniol and Chamovitz, 2000; Schwechheimer and Deng, 2001). Thus the CSN was hypothesized to be a master repressor of photomorphogenesis in darkness, and light acts to bypass or eliminate this repression. However, the CSN regulates more than just photomorphogenesis as all mutants lacking this complex die near the end of seedling development. Moreover, an essentially identical complex was subsequently discovered in animals and yeast, organisms whose development is not light responsive, exemplifying how plant science can lead the way to exciting discoveries in biomedical model species (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Freilich et al., 1999; Maytal-Kivity et al., 2002; Mundt et al., 1999; Seeger et al., 1998; Wei et al., 1998). Our long-term objective is to determine mechanistically how the CSN controls plant development. We previously that this complex contains eight subunits (Karniol et al., 1998; Serino et al., 1999) and that the 27 ilia subunit is encoded by the FUS5/CSN7 locus (Karniol et al., 1999). The CSN7 subunit also has a role extraneous to the COP9 signalosome, and differential kinase activity has been implicated in regulating CSN7 and the COP9 signalosome (Karniol et al., 1999). In the present research, we further analyzed CSN7, both in terms of interacting proteins and in terms of kinases that act on CSN7. Furthermore we completed our analysis of the CSN in Arabidopsis by analyzing the remaining subunits. Outline of Original Objectives and Subsequent Modifications The general goal of the proposed research was to study the CSN7 (FUS5) subunit of the COP9 signalosome. To this end we specifically intended to: 1. Identify the residues of CSN7 that are phosphorylated. 2. Monitor the phosphorylation of CSN7 under different environmental conditions and under different genetic backgrounds. 3. Generate transgenic plants with altered CSN7 phosphorylation sites. 4. Purify CSN7 kinase from cauliflower. 5. Clone the Arabidopsis cDNA encoding CSN7 kinase 6. Isolate and characterize additional CSN7 interacting proteins. 7. Characterize the interaction of CSN7 and the COP9 signalosome with the HY5-COP1 transcriptional complex. Throughout the course of the research, emphasis shifted from studying CSN7 phosphorylation (Goals 1-3), to studying the CSN7 kinase (Goal 4 and 5), an in depth analysis of CSN7 interactions (Goal 6), and the study of additional CSN subunits. Goal 7 was also abandoned as no data was found to support this interaction.
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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR A RELIABLE MODELLING OF THE NONLINEAR BEHAVIOUR OF BOLTED CONNECTIONS IN STEEL LATTICE TOWERS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.1.6.

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The behaviour of bolted connections in steel lattice transmission line towers affects their load-bearing capacity and failure mode. Bolted connections are commonly modelled as pinned or fixed joints, but their behaviour lies between these two extremes and evolves in a nonlinear manner. Accordingly, an accurate finite element modelling of the structural response of complete steel lattice towers requires the consideration of various nonlinear phenomena involved in bolted connexions, such as bolt slippage. In this study, a practical method is proposed for the modelling of the nonlinear response of steel lattice tower connections involving one or multiple bolts. First, the local load-deformation behaviour of single-bolt lap connections is evaluated analytically depending on various geometric and material parameters and construction details. Then, the predicted nonlinear behaviour for a given configuration serves as an input to a 2D/3D numerical model of the entire assembly of plates in which the bolted joints are represented as discrete elements. For comparison purposes, an extensive experimental study comprising forty-four tests were conducted on steel plates assembled with one or two bolts. This approach is also extended to simulate the behaviour of assemblies including four bolts and the obtained results are checked against experimental datasets from the literature. The obtained results show that the proposed method can predict accurately the response of a variety of multi-bolt connections. A potential application of the strategy developed in this paper could be in the numerical modelling of full-scale steel lattice towers, particularly for a reliable estimation of the displacements.
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