Journal articles on the topic 'Discourses in Heritage'
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1
Sosnovskaya, Anna M. "Antagonism of Discourses around Cultural Heritage." Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies 4, no. 3 (October 3, 2022): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v4i3.316.
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The article provides a discourse-analysis of the contemporary conflict over the preservation of Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments. The main participants in this conflict are 10 interest groups, which are reassembled each time in the process of articulating the discourse of their group. These actors are: UNESCO, local and federal governments, businesses, urban conservationists, residents and existing physical heritage. The article considers the dispositive of discourses that supports group formation and group identity. The results found are presented visually and graphically. From the media and social networks, the case of the destruction of the heritage is reconstructed and the discourse of city defenders is considered. The conflict of discourses and new types of antagonisms associated with different ones are reconstructed: the regime of affects, the visualization of the city, the development of the objective environment, the instruments of social action, and representation in the media and social networks. The article is intended for those interested in discursive analysis, actor-network theory, affect theory, world heritage, visualization of space, media, identity, and urbanism.
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Batchelor, David, Marc Aurel Schnabel, and Michael Dudding. "Smart Heritage: Defining the Discourse." Heritage 4, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 1005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4020055.
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The academic literature contains an increasing quantity of references to Smart Heritage. These references are at the intersection of the smart city and heritage disciplines and primarily within informative, interpretative, and governance applications. The literature indicates the future expansion of the Smart Heritage discourse into additional applications as researchers apply smart technology to more complex cultural environments. The Smart Heritage discourse signals an advancement in the literature beyond Digital Heritage and Virtual Heritage discourses as Smart Heritage pivots on the active curatorship of heritage experiences by automated and autonomous technologies, rather than technology as a passive digital tool for human-curated experiences. The article comprehensively reviews the emergent Smart Heritage discourse for the first time in the academic literature, and then offers a contemporary definition that considers the literature to date. The review and definition draw on literature across the contributing disciplines to understand the discourse’s development and current state. The article finds that Smart Heritage is an independent discourse that intertwines the autonomous and automatic capabilities and innovation of smart technologies with the contextual and subjective interpretation of the past. Smart Heritage is likely the future vanguard for research between the technology and heritage disciplines.
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Bolin, Annalisa, and David Nkusi. "Rwandan solutions to Rwandan problems: Heritage decolonization and community engagement in Nyanza District, Rwanda." Journal of Social Archaeology 22, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14696053211053974.
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Highlighting the rural district of Nyanza in Rwanda, this article examines community relations to heritage resources. It investigates the possibilities for more ethical, engaged models of heritage management which can better deliver on agendas of decolonization and development. Our research finds that Nyanza’s heritage stakeholders highly value heritage’s social and economic roles, but communities are also significantly alienated from heritage resources. In seeking to bridge this gap, heritage professionals utilize a discourse of technocratic improvement, but community leaders emphasize ideas of ownership, drawing on higher state-level discourses of self-reliance and “homegrown solutions.” They mobilize the state’s own attempts to filter developing, decolonizing initiatives through Rwandan frameworks to advocate for communities’ right to participate in heritage. This local agency offers a roadmap for utilizing favorable aspects of existing governance to push heritage management toward community engagement and decolonization.
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Fredholm, Susanne. "Negotiating a dominant heritage discourse. Sustainable urban planning in Cape Coast, Ghana." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 5, no. 3 (November 16, 2015): 274–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-04-2014-0016.
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Purpose – With specific focus on sustainable development of the built environment in Cape Coast, Ghana, the purpose of this paper is to examine practical and conceptual barriers for local planning authorities advancing international outreach programmes based on a global discourse on heritage and heritage management. Design/methodology/approach – A discourse analysis was conducted on documents and programmes produced by international organisations and local planning authorities since 2000. Further qualitative data collection methods included 25 semi-structured interviews, literature and media review and on-site observations. Findings – The study shows that the dominant global discourse on heritage management being interconnected with tourism development is adopted by local planning authorities. However, the requirements to advance initiated urban redevelopment projects are neither adapted to the economic realities nor institutional capabilities of the local planning system. Instead of adjusting specific Ghanaian notions of heritage or local forms of heritage organisations, negotiating the discourse is potentially a more sustainable approach. Practical implications – The findings reveal important implications necessary to address from sustainable development perspective. The study can help practitioners to develop strategies based on local African planning contexts rather than western discourses on best practice. Originality/value – This study discusses the impact of an Authorised Heritage Discourse on local planning of the built environment, and the need to rescale and broaden the scope of such discourses to other levels than the dominating national/global.
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BATCHELOR, David, and Prof Marc Aurel SCHNABEL. "Smart Heritage as a Design Tool." Urbanie & Urbanus - Smart City?, no. 5 (July 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55412/05.02.
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Smart Heritage enables urban designers and planners to reimagine historical narratives within cities through the untethered perspectives of smart technology. Smart Heritage is the convergence between the smart city and heritage disciplines that intertwines the autonomous and automatic capabilities and innovation of smart technologies with the contextual and subjective interpretation of the past. It is an emergent and distinct discourse in the academic literature that positions technology as the leadcurator of historical narratives. It is comparable with similar smart discourses, such as Smart Mobility and Smart Infrastructure, and contrasts with the human-led and archival focused Digital Heritage discourse. Through Smart Heritage, urban designers and planners are not physically, intellectually, and locationally limited in retelling and deploying culturally and socially powerful historical narratives. Instead, experts can draw online and personal data to produce powerful and novel experiences in cities. This article introduces Smart Heritage as a tool for urban designers and planners. It discusses how Smart Heritage can reimagine historical narratives within cities.
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D’amico Soggetti, Gabriele. "Heritage, culture and rights: challenging legal discourses." Australian Journal of Human Rights 24, no. 3 (July 18, 2018): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2018.1491258.
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Roodt, Christa. "HERITAGE, CULTURE AND RIGHTS: CHALLENGING LEGAL DISCOURSES." International Journal of Heritage Studies 25, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 330–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2018.1498371.
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Dey, Shuvra. "A Comprehensive Approach of Transitional Justice to Address the Deliberate Destruction of Cultural Heritage." Groningen Journal of International Law 9, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 212–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/grojil.9.2.212-238.
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Given the fact that cultural heritage has been the subject of multi-dimensional crimes during or in the aftermath of armed conflicts, this article attempts to analyze why and how such crimes can be brought under transitional justice (hereinafter TJ) mechanisms. It starts with the challenge to ascertain the inbuilt relationship, importantly, how cultural heritage enters into the domain of TJ. To this end, it fragmentises the rights of heritage and laws associated with these rights and examines how multiple discourses (i.e. human rights, humanitarian law, and criminal law) come together to form the notion of heritage rights and how their recognition contributes to cultural heritage’s entrance into TJ project. Thereafter, it assesses the resonance of potential TJ mechanisms and elucidates how they can help reveal the truth concerning crimes against heritage, bring the perpetrators to justice, rehabilitate the destructed sites, redress the victims, and prevent future attacks. It reiterates the value of four measures widely accepted in the TJ discourse, namely, truth-seeking, prosecution, reparations, and the measures of guarantees of non-recurrence. Finally, it explains why a comprehensive approach in terms of implementing these measures is essential and how such approach facilitates taking into account all the factors associated with the crimes against heritage.
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Batchelor, David, and Marc Aurel Schnabel. "Interdisciplinary Relationships, Influence, and Aspirations for Smart Heritage in Local Government." Heritage 3, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 1402–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3040078.
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Local governments are responding to rising complexities in service delivery, governance, and civic stewardship with novel interdisciplinary discourses that converge previously separate disciplines. Smart Heritage, the novel convergence of smart city and heritage disciplines, is one interdisciplinary discourse that local governments utilise to address these demands. To successfully deliver Smart Heritage, local governments must understand how the interdisciplinary relationships, influence, and aspirations function within their organisation. However, due to the novelty of Smart Heritage, no academic research exists on these matters, particularly within local government contexts. Therefore, this article reports how relationships, influence, and strategic aspirations between the smart city and heritage discipline intersect as Smart Heritage. It draws on interviews with smart city and heritage advisors from three local governments in Australia. It finds a case-by-case working relationship between the disciplines, which indicates an emergent-yet-tenuous Smart Heritage discourse. Moreover, the interdisciplinary relationships influence broader considerations from the advisors than their single discipline. These considerations produce innovative aspirations for local governments on heritage and smart city matters. This finding establishes the first foundational understanding of Smart Heritage within local government.
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Clopot, Cristina. "Ambiguous Attachments and Industrious Nostalgias." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 26, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2017.260204.
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This article questions notions of belonging in the case of displaced communities’ descendants and discusses such groups’ efforts to preserve their heritage. It examines the instrumental use of nostalgia in heritage discourses that drive preservation efforts. The case study presented is focused on the Russian Old Believers in Romania. Their creativity in reforming heritage practices is considered in relation to heritage discourses that emphasise continuity. The ethnographic data presented in this article, derived from my doctoral research project, is focused on three major themes: language preservation, the singing tradition and the use of heritage for touristic purposes.
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Rico, Trinidad. "Heritage Studies and Islam: A Crisis of Representation." Review of Middle East Studies 51, no. 2 (August 2017): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2017.96.
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It is perhaps not surprising that discussions on the topic of destruction gain the most traction in the work of heritage in public and academic discourses alike, since this is an instrumental part of the epistemology that constructs heritage as a subject of study—what is heritage if not a subject “at risk”? Concordantly, discussions of heritage destruction are a dominant theme in contemporary conversations and concerns for the fate and management of cultural heritage in the Middle East overall (i.e. Exell and Rico 2013), a tendency that is associated with the persistence and visibility of conflict in the region during a time when heritage concerns are significantly shaped by various global “observers.” What is problematic, however, is first the way that the inherently negative mantle of destruction dominateseveryconversation about the heritage of the Middle East, and how easily academic debates have incorporated institutional and public discourses about destruction, empowering a monolithic debate that would benefit from a more critical—and ethical—analysis. Secondly, what is also alarming is the degree to which destruction is often associated with specific perpetrators in this region, notably, a caricaturized Islam whose main feature is a dislike for preservation that articulates through scandalous acts of iconoclasm across the broad Middle East region (witnessed through highly circulated vignettes of destruction in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Mali, and other countries and regions). Yet, the representation of an Islam that is at odds with global heritage constructs has been extensively challenged academically, considering the varied and changing attitudes to non-Muslim forms of representation through time (Elias 2012), individual variations (Flood 2002), and their relationship to changes in political regimes (Elias 2007; Flood 2002), in such a way that a consistent or universal attitude to this type of representation cannot be supported. But, as I argue in this essay, the specter of the iconoclast unfortunately remains firmly established in popular discourse—and surprisingly, in some disciplinary discourses. But what happens outside of the realm of destruction in the heritage of the Middle East? Further, how can heritage studies support the integration of Islam in the heritage debates for the region in a way that circumvents the current misrepresentation?
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Teräväinen, Helena. "Old Paukku Re-Built and Re-Spoken - Discursive Formation of Cultural Heritage." Open House International 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2010-b0008.
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The concept of culture is defined in several ways in different contexts. In the case study of Old Paukku (1993-2003) the actors were using the word “culture” in their argumentation in several ways. The discourses were varying and developing during the planning, decision-making and re-building process. The word “culture” may not be “swear word like in old times” - this was how a local politician told me in the interview - but still it's not a blessing either. Anyway “the cultural heritage (of the built environment)” seems to arouse same suspicions nowadays as “the culture” earlier. The local authorities (i.e. the town municipalities as actor in the culoture life) and the industry (i.e. the organisation of local entrepreneurs as actor) seemed at first to be heading towards different courses in the planning and developing project of the old factory area. In the beginning of the research period many different discourses of cultural policy (DCP) and town planning strategies (TPS) prevailed. There were a lot of talk about the image in the economics and cultural heritage sites on the national level. In this paper I shall clarify how the process and the discourses during the process were changing and how Old Paukku (the old factory) was developed into “a cultural heritage site” in these discourses. The word discourse' is explicated here in the Foucaldian meaning and it is condequently including the ‘power’.
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Furstenberg, Ariel. "Tradition and Conceptual Dynamics According to an Inferentialist Theory of Meaning." European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 8, no. 2 (June 21, 2016): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v8i2.66.
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In this article I develop a conceptual dynamical account from an inferentialist theory of meaning and content; thus illuminating the connection between conceptual dynamics and tradition. The inferentialist theory taken into account here is that of Robert Brandom. While expanding on Brandom’s notion of scorekeeping, I claim that insufficiency, and sometimes even inability, to differentiate and navigate between past heritage and present discourse is of the essence of highly traditional discourses; creating a unique type of conceptual dynamics which is commonplace mainly within religious traditional discourses. This claim is supported by a case study from a Jewish traditional discourse.
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Gadsby, David. "Urban Heritage in Troubled Times." Practicing Anthropology 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.31.3.v087770403wv2910.
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The terrain of heritage—where the past and present intersect—is one of a few places where anthropological archaeology can become an applied, even activist practice. This is because heritage has a kind of "slippery temporality" about it. On its surface, heritage is about history, or at least the information that we possess about the past. However, heritage happens in the present; it is really the continually evolving result of a set of contemporary ideological practices that help us to order the often confusing and incomplete knowledge we have about the past. Heritage is a story, written or spoken in the present. That story transforms the raw material of historical information into a valueladen narrative about the present. Those narratives make their way into the public consciousness, where they are operationalized in the realm of public discourse. There, in the public sphere, heritage discourses have material consequences for all parties involved.
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Rubavičius, Vytautas. "The Importance of Civilizational Imagination in Contemporary Geopolitics." Dialogue and Universalism 30, no. 3 (2020): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du202030334.
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The heritage of civilizations in geopolitics is progressively used to consolidate the vision of a multipolar world and, thereby, to establish its important place in the arena of international affairs. Civilizational heritage and civilizational imagination become increasingly important geopolitical factors which begin to shape the relations between China, Russia, Turkey, the United States and the European Union. In global politics during the last decades, in one way or another, Samuel Huntington’s ideas of the interactions between civilizations and their development externalised with the stress on the increase of civilizational conflicts. These ideas made great impact on political elites of main world powers. The author of this article—drawing attention to the importance of cultural and especially religious factors for civilizational processes and the interactions between civilizations, which were also raised by Huntington—examines the peculiarities of the Russian and Turkish civilizational and geopolitical discourses, and connects to those discourses the current geopolitics pursued by the political elites of these countries. The promotion of the current role of the civilization and its geopolitical legacy highlights the uniqueness of civilizations and creates an effort to strengthen the civilizational imagination and to use the civilizational imperial experience and its cultural heritage in current political events. The Russian discourse is characterised by the historical anti-Western and anti-European attitude of Eurasian Messianic civilizational distinctiveness, while the Turkish rhetoric is characterised by the elevation of the imperial Ottoman Islamic cultural and political heritage. Both the discourses are linked by an imperial mentality, orientation towards a multi-civilizational and multi-polar world as well as the demand to create a new world order in line with such an emerging worldview. The article also discusses some of the ideas prevailing in the European Union that underpin the policy of creating a post-national European cosmopolitan community. However, such discourse lacks a cultural, civilizational as well as religious heritage, which brings people together and can form a long-lasting sense of civilizational community.
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van Meijl, Toon. "Pacific Discourses About Cultural Heritage and Its Protection: An Introduction." International Journal of Cultural Property 16, no. 3 (August 2009): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739109990191.
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AbstractThe articles collected in this special issue aim at addressing the debate about the protection and use of cultural heritage in the Pacific within the context of globalization. Contributions aim specifically at analyzing the tension that exists between, on the one hand, political, legal and economic discourses of Pacific peoples who wish to retain control and who seek protection of the use of their cultural heritage, and, on the other hand, the view of others arguing that it is in the interest of the general public to lift as many embargos as possible in order to stimulate research and to increase economic growth. All authors approach the subject of cultural and intellectual property rights as a discourse, with specific attention for the concepts of property and ownership, particularly in relation to cultural heritage and cultural knowledge; the potential benefits of property; appropriate protection mechanisms; the complexities of the discourses about rights, especially property rights; the appropriation of property or its misappropriation, often associated with what is freely available in the public domain; and, finally, the use of intellectual property as either a form of enclosure or as a form of ethnic boundary.
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Steiner, Marion. "Industrial heritage sites in transformation – clash of discourses." Journal of Architectural Conservation 21, no. 2 (May 4, 2015): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2015.1055100.
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Antohin, Alexandra S. "Preserving the Intangible: Orthodox Christian Approaches to Spiritual Heritage." Religions 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10050336.
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This article presents the ways Orthodox countries form their own discourses for heritage representation and observes how these practices interact with emerging tourism and preservation agendas. Recent history of heritage tourism in Russia and Ethiopia provides insights into how participants engage with the spiritual heritage of their Churches and the contemporary dilemmas produced when orienting towards preservation protocols that seek to safeguard heritage and make it palatable to a global audience. The Ethiopian case study of Meskel, the festival of the Finding of the True Cross, a UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) intangible cultural heritage entry in 2014, is examined in order to identify key issues when spiritual heritage is situated in preservation management discourse. The discussion concludes by considering a vital component of preservation efforts contained within Orthodox Churches and proposes that indigenous approaches to the elaboration and circulation of cultural values be an essential component of heritage policies.
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Kaschuba, Wolfgang. "Cultural Heritage in Europe." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 17, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2008.170203.
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This article deals with the often problematic connection between European and ethnological world images. After a short retrospective on the ethnological heritage, it elaborates current social and political problems and determines the ethnological position in these discourses. Finally, it recommends the imagination of an 'ethnology of the present', which increasingly focuses its lens on the European margins, across boundaries, and on movements: ethnology as a 'social ethnography' of the culturally vagrant, ambivalent and fluid.
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Mason, Robert, and Rebecca Damjanovic. "The start of it all? Heritage, labour and the environment in regional Queensland." Queensland Review 25, no. 2 (December 2018): 208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2018.24.
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AbstractThe Great Shearers’ Strike of 1891 transformed Australian politics and created the context for the election of the first ‘labourist’ government in the world. This nationally significant history is reflected in Barcaldine’s central heritage precinct, with a large monument to the Tree of Knowledge and spacious Australian Workers Heritage Centre. The Centre was established as the ‘National Monument’ to working men and women when it was opened by Prime Minister Bob Hawke in 1991. The Centre is one of a number of industrial museums in the Central West, and exists alongside the Stockman’s Hall of Fame in nearby Longreach. The recent increase in tourism by Grey Nomads has resulted in a more concerted effort to formulate a clear heritage discourse in Barcaldine, one that draws on the town’s labour heritage. This increased emphasis on the heritage of the Great Shearers’ Strike has further politicised an already fraught heritage, and distanced the community from its local heritage spaces and stories. This article reflects on long-standing narratives relating to the local environment as a means to articulate contested heritage discourses, situate the significant labour history and reinforce the local community’s engagement in its heritage.
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Larsen, Peter Bille, and Kristal Buckley. "Approaching Human Rights at the World Heritage Committee: Capturing Situated Conversations, Complexity, and Dynamism in Global Heritage Processes." International Journal of Cultural Property 25, no. 1 (February 2018): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739118000048.
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Abstract:Social scientists are increasingly approaching the World Heritage Committee itself as an entry-point to understanding global heritage processes and phenomena. This article explores the subject of human rights in the operations of the World Heritage Committee—the decision-making body established by the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention. It seeks to address the epistemological and methodological implications of approaching the World Heritage Committee as a point of departure for understanding global heritage and rights dynamics. It builds on an “event ethnography” undertaken by the authors to understand how rights discourse appeared in multiple contexts during the Thirty-Ninth World Heritage Committee session held in Bonn, Germany, in June 2015.In this article, we discuss the methodological and ontological implications of studying rights discourses in the context of World Heritage events and processes. We have a particular interest in the interplay of formal and informal dynamics, revealing the entangled and multi-sited processes that shape and are shaped by the annual event. While much of the debate and analysis in heritage studies is understandably concerned with formal decision-making processes and position-taking, this work demonstrates the significance of a range of informal dynamics in appreciating future possibilities.
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Munjal, Parul G. "Construction of Heritage: Small and Medium Towns of Gurgaon District." Journal of Heritage Management 1, no. 2 (December 2016): 98–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455929616682079.
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Global discourses around heritage are grappling with idea of including dissonant, non-compliant voices and expanding the definition of heritage from the physical to a cultural process, pushing beyond the authorized heritage discourse. The dialogical model of heritage is presented as a means to break down the divide between laypersons and experts, suggesting new models for decision-making in the future. It is problematic to contextualize this discourse in the Indian context, more so in small and medium towns where this intellectual debate has never been formalized. Yet, there are existing ways in which the local stakeholders maintain and use sites or structures from the past that they value. Identification of these ways of keeping and using could be a step towards demystifying the construct of heritage in the local community. The Gurgaon district has witnessed an unprecedented urban growth rate from 2001 to 2011 and the eight historic small and medium towns of the district are on the verge of being enveloped in the rapid urban development. This impending change calls for a need to examine the heritage sites of these towns. Studying the historic structures in six of these towns points to the role of history and religion as connectors to heritage. This role has been explored on ground and at an ideological level, as an attempt towards understanding the construct of heritage as a process in play.
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Chambers, Deborah. "The Rise and Fall of the Analogue Television Set." VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture 8, no. 15 (October 27, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2019.jethc166.
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This article explores the shifting materiality and meanings of television as an exhibited object. To consider the fluctuating discourses involved in the display of analogue TV sets, the article critically examines how the object has been re-presented: aestheticized, interrogated, destabilised and reorganized as science, modernity, art, and media heritage. An interpretive approach drawing on Walter Benjamin and media archaeology is supported by archival sources. The term “analogue rupture” is introduced to critically assess the implications of, and discontinuities involved, in analogue television’s status as art and heritage. Digital media heritage discourses that invite us to regard obsolescence as inevitable progress are questioned.
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Bolin, Annalisa. "Imagining genocide heritage: Material modes of development and preservation in Rwanda." Journal of Material Culture 25, no. 2 (July 18, 2019): 196–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183519860881.
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The Rwandan government has undertaken ambitious development projects resulting in major changes to the country’s built environment, including the materiality of genocide heritage. This article focuses on the genocide memorials of Nyamata and Ntarama, arguing that these sites demonstrate how globally-circulating discourses of development and preservation are vernacularized, instantiated, and transformed in their encounter with the national imaginary. The forces that affect the material choices of heritage management here include Rwanda’s state-led imperative toward a particular physical ideal of development, UNESCO World Heritage-driven concepts of authenticity, and the Rwandan government’s need for evidence of genocide. Differently affecting each site, these factors result in multiple modes of material intervention. The article argues that the physical form of heritage sites is shaped by engagements between global and local discourses and ideals of heritage and development; these engagements direct the processes of preservation and intervention that ultimately determine how heritage is materialized.
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Pfeilstetter, Richard. "Culture in Heritage - On the Socio Anthropological Notion of Culture in Current Heritage Discourses." Anthropos 112, no. 2 (2017): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2017-2-609.
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Lostal, Marina, and Emma Cunliffe. "Cultural heritage that heals: factoring in cultural heritage discourses in the Syrian peacebuilding process." Historic Environment: Policy & Practice 7, no. 2-3 (April 26, 2016): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2016.1172781.
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van Knippenberg, Karim, Martijn Duineveld, and Marleen Buizer. "The ex/inclusion paradox in heritage management: the Mobarak mosque in The Hague." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 10, no. 3 (March 29, 2020): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-09-2019-0112.
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PurposeIn the field of critical heritage studies, it has often been argued that a more inclusive and participatory heritage management approach neutralises differences and can contribute to a more contemporary, plural, democratic and inclusive notion of heritage. Yet, the needs and aspirations of those assumed being excluded from heritage making are not always taken into account, because the analysis and critique often focussed on the dominant heritage discourses, organisations and institutions. This paper conceptualises heritage from below and explores and reconceptualises how subdominant notions of heritage relate to dominant, institutionalised conceptualisations of heritage.Design/methodology/approachBased on a case study of the Mobarak mosque in The Hague, the authors present the multiplicity of subdominant conceptualisations of heritage, the ways heritage is (expected to be) recognised and represented by the community and the complexity of issues of social inclusion/exclusion.FindingsThe authors conclude that inclusive and/or participatory heritage management practices are inclusive in name only when the needs and aspirations of those seemingly being “excluded” are not fully understood and taken into account.Originality/valueA binary heritage/non-heritage framework, the authors argue, is limited to understand matter that matters. Also the authors find that the assumption that there is a growing desire among local community groups to include their histories and related materialities as heritage in the dominant heritage discourse should be challenged.
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Showstack, Rachel Elizabeth. "Symbolic power in the heritage language classroom." Spanish in Context 9, no. 1 (February 24, 2012): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.9.1.01sho.
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This study examined classroom discourse in two Spanish language courses for Spanish-English bilingual students at a large university in central Texas, in order to investigate the ways that participants used language to construct their linguistic and cultural identities. The study found that students’ identities as bilinguals are linked to socially constructed discourses on the value of different language varieties and cultural experiences that draw from an oversimplification of the reality of the sociolinguistic world. Participants constructed essentialized categories of different kinds of U.S. Hispanics, often assuming an essential connection between language and identity. Students constructed their identities by positioning themselves and others within these categories and by constructing their language skills and cultural backgrounds as either a value or a deficit. Results suggest the need to further develop methodologies for raising heritage language learners’ consciousness about the heteroglossic nature of the social world.
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Yadav, Smita. "Heritage Tourism and Neoliberal Pilgrimages." Journeys 20, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jys.2019.200101.
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Sites of pilgrimage and heritage tourism are often sites of social inequality and volatility that are impaired by hostilities between historical, ethnic, and competing religious discourses of morality, personhood, and culture, as well as between imaginaries of nationalism and citizenship. Often these pilgrim sites are much older in national and global history than the actual sovereign nation-state in which they are located. Pertinent issues to do with finance—such as regimes of taxation, livelihoods, and the wealth of regional and national economies—underscore these sites of worship. The articles in this special issue engage with prolix travel arrangement, accommodation, and other aspects of heritage tourism in order to understand how intangible aspects of such tourism proceed. But they also relate back to when and how these modern infrastructures transformed the pilgrimage and explore what the emerging discourses and practices were that gave newer meanings to neoliberal pilgrimages. The different case studies presented in this issue analyze the impact of these journeys on the pilgrims’ own subjectivities—especially with regard to the holy sites being situated in their imaginations of historical continuity and discontinuity and with regard to their transformative experiences of worship—using both modern and traditional infrastructures.
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Pinto-Correia, Teresa, José Muñoz-Rojas, Martin Hvarregaard Thorsøe, and Egon Bjørnshave Noe. "Governance Discourses Reflecting Tensions in a Multifunctional Land Use System in Decay; Tradition Versus Modernity in the Portuguese Montado." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 18, 2019): 3363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123363.
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The montado is a silvo pastoral system, and the dominant land-use in the region of Alentejo (Portugal). It bears high nature, socio-economic, and landscape values, shaping the strong cultural identity of the region. Despite these values, it has been under decay over the last decades, indicating the inefficiency of current governance strategies. In this paper, we argue how three main discourses can be found that underpin different governance strategies in the montado: The heritage discourse, the modern production discourse, and the land stewardship discourse. These discourses frame farmers’ decisions, though not always explicitly. The discourse analysis is grounded on an analysis of the relevant literature and research results from diverse projects, including an analysis of media representation of the montado since the 1990s, participatory observations, and 30 in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. Each of the three discourses identified are characterized in terms of key farming developments and defining elements, their time-scopes, the ways in which they are perceived by society, their measures of success, and underpinning institutions and power mechanisms. We argue that these discourses co-exist today, and this is a cause of increased tensions in montado governance strategies, hindering more effective and sustainable potential alternatives for the system.
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Rindzevičiūtė, Eglė. "Politics, Policy and the Discourses of Heritage in Britain." International Journal of Cultural Policy 18, no. 4 (September 2012): 488–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2011.625422.
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Baxter, Ian. "Politics, policy and the discourses of heritage in Britain." Cultural Trends 21, no. 2 (June 2012): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09548963.2012.674768.
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Serrano, Joane Vermudo, Luisa Almeda Gelisan, Aurora Valladolid Lacaste, Paula Grace Montierro Muyco, Noreen Dianne Sanga Alazada, and Sherry Bayot Marasigan. "Discourse Analysis of Indigenous Women's Construct on Biodiversity and Sustainable Development." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 10, no. 4 (October 2019): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2019100103.
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Managing and understanding the environment and its issues is not limited to one environmental discourse but to numerous discourses. It is created through histories which result in contradictions as narratives may oppose each other. This opposition is considered an important aspect of discourse. This article explores how biodiversity and sustainable development were discursively constructed by indigenous women living in an agricultural society with distinct cultural practices closely linked to rice farming and examined the outcomes arising from their construction of biodiversity and sustainable development. Seven women farmers were interviewed and conversations were transcribed, coded and analyzed through discourse analysis using Maarten Hajer's conceptual tool. Five major discourses emerged from this study: conserving biodiversity through the notion of contrasting views on farming responsibilities, conserving biodiversity through a sense of community, sustainability of government initiatives, negotiating cultural heritage and economic benefits, and articulating sustainable development.
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VanderBurgh, Jennifer. "Grounding TV’s Material Heritage." VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture 8, no. 15 (October 27, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2019.jethc165.
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VCRs were once prized for their ability to allow amateurs to create material records of ephemeral television broadcasts. But what value do amateur video-recordings of television have at their late stage of obsolescence? This article outlines some of the discursive parameters surrounding the perceived use-value of amateur video-recordings of television, drawing on case studies of video collection projects that are divided on the question of whether amateur television video-recordings continue to have merit. It argues that both advocates and detractors of videocassette recordings of television tend to rely on place-based heritage discourses in order to value or vilify them.
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LeDuc, Matthew. "Discourses of Heritage and Tourism at a World Heritage Site: The Case of Hampi, India." Practicing Anthropology 34, no. 3 (June 29, 2012): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.34.3.t8m66k6040w48266.
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In the town of Hampi, India, the former capital of the Vijayanagara Empire and now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the past remains very much alive. Devotees congregate at medieval-era temples; tourists from across India and the world marvel at the empire's fallen grandeur; and, up until quite recently, residents lived and worked in centuries-old stone mandapas (pavilions) lining both sides of the town's main street. The case of Hampi and its heritage illustrates a key question: do people have the right to live in historic monuments, particularly monuments that have been declared the patrimony not just of India, but of the entire world?
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Bourenane, Abderrahmene. "Authenticity and discourses in Aladdin (1992)." Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research 13, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jammr_00021_1.
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Since the first encounters between the East and the West, many Western artistic productions have been produced to introduce the Orient to the Occident. Antoine Galland’s translation of the oriental folkloric tales, known as One Thousand and One Nights marked a cultural transfer through introducing an exotic, colourful and adventurous, yet unsafe, life-threatening and mysterious image of the Orient. Scholars question the authenticity of the translation, and reject the true belonging of the tale of Aladdin’s Wonderful Lamp to the oriental cultural heritage suggesting its Western construction. This fabrication suggests the existence of several discourses that are to be unfolded with the critical discourse analysis of the pictorial and textual discourse of the tale and its several filmic adaptations. The tale was fully or partially adapted in several cinematographic productions during the last century. For example, while Aladin (1906) faithfully adapted part of the original tale, the 1992 version directed by Clements and Musker is a loosely inspiration perceived through an orientalist filter. The aim of this article is to investigate the authenticity and disclose the discourses concealed in Galland’s translation and its 1992 filmic adaptation, the critical discourse analysis in addition to Edward Saïd’s Orientalism provide the theoretical framework to analyse the excerpts from the translation and scenes from the film, in order to disclose the colonial, orientalist and feminist discourses they encapsulate.
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Aykaç, Pinar. "Archives as Fields of Heritage-Making in Istanbul's Historic Peninsula." International Journal of Islamic Architecture 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 361–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00018_1.
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Abstract Heritage-making is a process of valorization carried out using complex exchanges, contestations, and negotiations between various actors. State actors attempt, through various strategies, to employ heritage-making in order to construct a unified heritage discourse and avoid multivocality. One of these strategies is the control of state archives, an approach that seeks to dictate what is accessible and inaccessible and thus to dominate conceptualizations of heritage. This paper discusses how research in state archives sheds light on heritage-making in Istanbul's historic peninsula and how the state's tendency to restrain access reflects the contested nature of Istanbul's heritage. The restriction or denial of archival access becomes a significant component of heritage-making in Turkey, shaped not only by the past but also by the present. Therefore, archives and the practice of archival research become both a tool for the researcher and at the same time a subject worthy of research in and of itself. This paper argues that the attitudes of state institutions and the discourses they adopt in restraining access to archives are in fact objects of enquiry in the understanding of the precise boundaries of their scope of authority and, as such, can provide further insight into the fragmented nature of the state and state archives.
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Tavares, Daniel Sampaio, Fernando Brandão Alves, and Isabel Breda Vásquez. "The Relationship between Intangible Cultural Heritage and Urban Resilience: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 22, 2021): 12921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212921.
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The need to study and understand urban resilience has been defended by academics, justified by a new global context characterized by a growing urban population and a changing climate. Moreover, the importance of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) has been recognized by UNESCO since 2003. Nevertheless, the relationship between ICH and urban resilience discourses is recent, with academic studies on this topic seeing an exponential growth from 2017 onward. This article aims to develop a systematic literature review in order to answer the research question “how does intangible heritage relate to urban resilience?” and present current academic debates on this relationship. Following a methodology which entailed an academic database search and the application of exclusion criteria, 94 results from Scopus and Web of Science were retrieved and analysed. The article presents a discussion of results and showcases an existing linkage between both areas of study. This study demonstrates the fragmentation and diversity of the debates when addressing the relationship between the two topics, with an existing focus on sustainability discourses, built heritage and the role of local communities. Moreover, the article also shows a prevalence of discourses based on an engineering resilience approach. Considerations for future approaches to ICH and urban resilience are presented, namely, the need to better integrate ICH into urban resilience discourses.
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Guardado, Martin. "The Discourses of Heritage Language Development: Engaging Ideologies in Canadian Hispanic Communities." Heritage Language Journal 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.11.1.1.
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The goal of this article is to investigate the discourses surrounding the development and maintenance of Spanish in Canadian Hispanic families and community groups. Although the research literature already contains abundant insights into a variety of issues and factors, such as the individual, familial and societal benefits of heritage language maintenance, its conceptualization from a theoretical perspective of discourses and ideologies in families is less frequently discussed explicitly. Therefore, via analyses of interviews and daily interactions drawn from a 1.5-year ethnography conducted in Western Canada, the article draws attention to the diversity of meanings present in the families’ discursive constructions of heritage language development and maintenance. The interviews with parents were found to contain discourses that embodied implicit and explicit ideologies about language. Some of the metalinguistic constructions of language maintenance discussed in the article include discourses that can be categorized as utilitarian, affective, aesthetic, cosmopolitan and oppositional. The article concludes with implications for theory, research and families.
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Kristensen, Troels Myrup, Vinnie Nørskov, and Gönül Bozoğlu. "The phantom Mausoleum: Contemporary local heritages of a wonder of the ancient world in Bodrum, Turkey." Journal of Social Archaeology 21, no. 1 (February 2021): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605321990454.
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The Mausoleum of Halikarnassos (modern Bodrum, Turkey) is one of the wonders of the ancient world, although little remains above ground to give visitors a sense of its original grandeur. While previous scholarship has studied the Mausoleum’s place within the canon of classical Greek art, this paper identifies specifically local perceptions of the monument through interviews with residents of Bodrum, exploring how different images, values and futures are projected onto the archaeological site, in conversation with both national and local discourses of the past. The responses of local inhabitants, living in an Aegean town dramatically transformed by mass tourism, urbanisation and migration, encompass being underwhelmed, pragmatically interested in the monument’s economic potential, or proud of its status, fuelled by the local discourses of “Blue Anatolianism” and “Karianism”. We argue that these influential discourses allow different heritage actors to turn the Mausoleum into a specific kind of locally rooted “heritage capital” and to negotiate a distinctive identity for the monument’s otherwise ambiguous position within the landscape of Turkish national heritage.
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Straughn, Ian. "Spirits of Heritage, Specters of Ruins: Partnering with the Jinn in the Preservation of the Past." Review of Middle East Studies 51, no. 2 (August 2017): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2017.98.
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In her recent study of the heritage project that is contemporary New Orleans, anthropologist Shanon Dawdy has suggested that “[s]ociety presents itself simultaneously as a ruin and as a kind of playland” (2016, 147). This notion that the ruin is both a product of, and a basis for, heritage practice serves as a useful intervention into long-standing treatments of ruins as exotic, romantic, and awaiting the discovery, glorification, and preservation of those that might give them meaning. In the present essay, I further challenge heritage approaches to ruins through an examination of the ways in which they have been associated, in various Muslim cultural contexts, with a set of distinctly sentient, yet non-human actors, the jinn. This pairing between place and spirits has shaped long-standing affective responses and practical engagements between local (human) inhabitants and their archaeologically rich landscapes across the Middle East and North Africa. This essay examines how those engagements often push against contemporary discourses highlighting the sublime aspects of ruins and the quasi-sacred nature of heritage. To that end, the following guiding questions structure my contribution: Can contemporary heritage discourses accommodate practices in which humans share control and ownership of the material past with spectral others? How might we reframe the mandate to preserve such ruins in light of alternative perspectives that mark these sites as sinister, and/or meaningful, precisely because of their ruination? Can universalizing heritage discourses accommodate practices that derive value from the material past without also subscribing to explicit preservationist goals? Such questions offer an opportunity to consider the inclusion of the Unseen, and perhaps others, whose perspectives have gone unrecognized, within professional heritage management and its hermeneutics of the past.
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Chang, Lung-chih. "Island of Memories." International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 2, no. 3 (March 28, 2014): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.471.
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The re-discovery of Taiwanese history along with both official and local initiatives of cultural heritage and public commemorations constitutes an important postcolonial cultural phenomenon. This paper discusses the “memory boom” in post-martial law Taiwan and examines its implications in our understanding of history, culture, and modernity in East Asian context. The major arguments of this paper can be summarised in three parts. The first section introduces the emergence of new academic and public discourses in Taiwan in the post-martial law era. The second and main section offers four major examples of postcolonial historiography and public discourse including national commemoration, ethnic revival, the heritage movement and Taiwanese wartime experience. The final section further illustrates the features of Taiwan’s postcolonial historiography in terms of history and memory with topical discussions on the rethinking of the modernity question and the reinterpretation of Japanese colonial heritage.
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Zeren, Mine Tanac. "THE CURRENT DISCOURSES IN PRESERVATION AND PRESENTATION OF ARCHAELOGICAL HERITAGE." Scientific works/Elmi eserler 1, no. 1 (April 21, 2022): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.58225/sw.si.2022.1.170-179.
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Archaeological studies are considered as a principal source of knowledge of prehistoric, ancient, and extinct cultures. The unearthed evidence as architectural artefacts are very important resources of the history and cultural and architectural heritage values. Archaeological areas are cultural heritage sites, which have ruins that can be easily damaged by destructive and corrosive effects. Therefore it is hard to protect this cultural heritage sites from effects stemming from nature and human. In archaeological sites, both preservation and exhibition of the findings are very important items that are taken into consideration in today’s preservation manner. This Paper aims to put forward the main principles of the applications on Archaeological Sites in terms of preservation and exhibition. And mainly will concern on; Main Intervention principles related on site planning; Methods for raising the attraction of the archaeological sites, methods for making sites visible from outside. Planning principles of walking routes of the site, the entry points and related items. Main Intervention principles related on archaeological findings; Conservation methods of the archaeological remains, Archaeological Restoration methods of archaeological findings both for preservation and exhibition criteria. Design criteria of protection roofs. Design criteria of walking platforms
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Hennessy, Kate. "Cultural Heritage on the Web: Applied Digital Visual Anthropology and Local Cultural Property Rights Discourse." International Journal of Cultural Property 19, no. 3 (August 2012): 345–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739112000288.
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AbstractThe 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage specifies that communities are to be full partners in efforts to safeguard their intangible cultural heritage. Yet the notion of safeguarding has been complicated by the politics and mechanisms of digital circulation. Based on fieldwork in British Columbia and Thailand, I show that community-based productions of multimedia aimed at documenting, transmitting, and revitalizing intangible heritage are productive spaces in which local cultural property rights discourses are initiated and articulated. I argue that digital heritage initiatives can support decision making about the circulation—or restriction—of digital cultural heritage while drawing attention to the complexities of safeguarding heritage in the digital age.
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Maags, Christina, and Heike Holbig. "Replicating Elite Dominance in Intangible Cultural Heritage Safeguarding: The Role of Local Government–Scholar Networks in China." International Journal of Cultural Property 23, no. 1 (February 2016): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739116000035.
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Abstract:Since “intangible cultural heritage” (ICH) became the new focal point in the global heritage discourse, governments and scholars in many countries have begun to promote this new form of “immaterial” culture. The People’s Republic of China has been one of the most active state parties implementing the new scheme and adapting it to domestic discourses and practices. Policies formulated at the national level have become increasingly malleable to the interests of local government-scholar networks. By conducting a comparative case study of two provinces, this article aims to identify the role of local elite networks in the domestic implementation of the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, focusing on the incentives of scholars and officials to participate in ICH policy networks. It finds that the implementation of the Convention has not removed the power asymmetry between elite and popular actors but, instead, has fostered an elite-driven policy approach shaped by symbiotic, mutually legitimizing government–scholar networks.
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RĂDULESCU, Anda. "DISCOURS DES GUIDES TOURISTIQUES FRANÇAIS SUR LA ROUMANIE." Analele Universității din Craiova, Seria Ştiinte Filologice, Langues et littératures romanes 25, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aucllr.2021.01.07.
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Using a strategy for celebrating a country or a region, the guidebooks turn out to be one of the most important instruments in encouraging tourists to discover unusual places, cultures or gastronomies. Blending description, stories, explanation and argument, the discourse of the guidebooks is hybrid, insofar as it relates to descriptive, advertising, procedural, critical and didactic discourse. In our article we wanted to reveal how these different types of discourses are entangled in three French guidebooks on Romania and by what stylistic devices each of them attempts to enhance the tangible and intangible heritage of this country.
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Maguire, Mary H., and Xiao Lan Curdt-Christiansen. "Multiple Schools, Languages, Experiences and Affiliations: Ideological Becomings and Positionings." Heritage Language Journal 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 50–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.5.1.3.
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This article focuses on the identity accounts of a group of Chinese children who attend a heritage language school. Bakhtin’s concepts of ideological becoming, and authoritative and internally persuasive discourse, frame our exploration. Taking a dialogic view of language and learning raises questions about schools as socializing spaces and ideological environments. The children in this inquiry articulate their own ideological patterns of alignment. Those patterns, and the children's code switching, seem mostly determined by their socialization, language affiliations, friendship patterns, family situations, and legal access to particular schools. Five patterns of ideological becoming are presented. The children’s articulated preferences indicate that they assert their own ideological stances towards prevailing authoritative discourses, give voice to their own sense of agency and internally persuasive discourses, and respond to the ideological resources that mediate their linguistic repertoires.
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Rajangam, Krupa. "Bridging Development and Heritage: Expert Gaze, Local Discourses, and Visual Aesthetic Crisis at Hampi World Heritage Site." Journal of South Asian Development 16, no. 1 (April 2021): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09731741211007291.
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In this article, I explore the complex trajectory of two bridges that were proposed for construction across the River Tungabhadra in the early 1990s at locations that now fall within the boundary of Hampi, a UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site (WHS) in India. The proposed bridges were considered improper forms of infrastructure development in the visual context of a WHS, and the site was placed on the World Heritage in Danger List in the late 1990s. Popular media framed the controversy as a ‘classic clash’ between heritage and development where conservation goals and developmental needs opposed one another. Heritage experts, agencies, and activists read the crisis as one of ‘heritage or development’, normatively typecasting residents north of the river as ‘uneducated, ignorant locals’ wanting development at the cost of heritage. However, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and archival material covering nearly three decades, I demonstrate that residents wanted the bridges not as physical infrastructure towards some obscure development goals, but as the means to link their overlooked contributions to the founding of the Vijayanagara Empire, the capital region and its contemporary remaking as a WHS. In this instance, the binary opposition lay in the ‘expert gaze’, not in local discourses. It was experts, rather than ‘local people’, who saw conservation and development as inherently opposed to each other. I explicate how various views on what constitutes heritage and development intersect with each other, and suggest that dissonance need not be the inevitable result but may be built into the gaze of expertise.
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Blaschitz, Edith, Eva Mayr, and Stefan Oppl. "Too Low Motivation, Too High Authority? Digital Media Support for Co-Curation in Local Cultural Heritage Communities." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 6, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti6050033.
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Over the last decades, a shift towards participatory approaches could be observed in cultural heritage institutions. In co-curation processes, museums collaborate with public audiences to identify, select, prepare, and interpret cultural materials. This article focuses on the question how to engage and motivate local communities or individuals in rethinking dominant discourses or expert narratives regarding cultural heritage and bringing in their own experiences and knowledge. Based on four case studies of cultural co-curation, we delineate two basic challenges for this process: (1) Authority—even though museums strive to involve the public, there is still an imbalance in participation due to the museums’ authoritative status. (2) Motivation—participation in co-curation processes requires high levels of motivation, which are difficult to achieve. Based on the media synchronicity theory, we discuss which characteristics of new media technologies can be helpful to overcome these challenges. Media can increase awareness on counternarratives and blind spots in cultural collections. They can provide a setting where the participants can easily contribute, feel competent to do so, are empowered to rethink dominant discourses, develop a sense of relatedness with other contributors, and maintain autonomy in how and to which degree they engage in the discourse.
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Welker, Marina. "Indonesia’s Cigarette Culture Wars: Contesting Tobacco Regulations in the Postcolony." Comparative Studies in Society and History 63, no. 4 (October 2021): 911–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417521000293.
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AbstractThis article juxtaposes representations of Indonesia’s tobacco control as temporally backwards with a counter-discourse defending its clove-laced cigarettes—called kretek—as a form of distinctive cultural heritage. These opposing discourses, which I characterize as public health evolutionism and commodity nationalism, structure clashes over Indonesian tobacco regulations. Public health evolutionism can take the form of voyeuristic, exoticizing, and Othering representations, but it can also be used to argue for more equitable access to global tobacco control knowledge and practices. Commodity nationalists insist that the kretek industry should be a source of pride rather than shame, depicting tobacco control as a neocolonial plot to destroy an indigenous industry that benefits small farmers, factory workers, and home industries. This subaltern emphasis obscures the fact that a few large companies dominate the industry, which is increasingly foreign-owned and mechanizing to increase production while reducing employment. The cigarette industry takes advantage of both discourses by marketing supposedly safer products to consumers alarmed by public health messaging, while also promoting the cigarettes-as-national-heritage narrative and undermining regulations. The stakes of these debates are high in the world’s second largest cigarette market, with over three hundred billion sticks smoked each year and more than two hundred thousand tobacco-related deaths.