Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Discourses in Heritage'

This thesis examines stranbêjî, a traditional style of singing in Kurdish, and its performers in contemporary Iraqi Kurdistan, Badinan region. The thesis argues that stranbêjî, as a cultural social practice and as a musical style, is changing form not only because of its interaction with audio-visual technologies as other studies often highlight in passing, but also in response to a nascent popular music culture, societal and “inter-ethnic” sensibilities, all of which compel performers to adopt new aesthetics and politics of performance and popularity. I ascribe this to performers’ novel understandings of their arts and their re-conceptualizations of themselves as active social agents in the cultural, musical and political spaces within which they operate in Iraqi Kurdistan. To prepare the social and political backdrop for those discussions, the thesis first provides a comprehensive ethnography of the tradition, its performers and overall aesthetics, as it exists today in Badinan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). It then turns to scrutinize the effects of recording and institutional practices surrounding the tradition, as well as examining the political capital it represents in the context of identity politics and nation-building. It explores institutional practices, and how they are saturated with notions of modernity, progress, multiculturalism, and pan-Kurdish identity politics. Ultimately, the thesis approaches stranbêjî as a site and a practice around, and through which discourses of history, belonging, self, community and nation are expressed, performed, and negotiated. In focusing on the ways in which stranbêjî and its performers adapt to social, political, and cultural forces and trends, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of notions of persistence and continuity with regard to cultural traditions in modernity.

E. L. Waterton, Rhetoric and Reality: Polities, and the Discourses of Heritage' in Submission of thesis for PhD. Bibliographic details: 493 pages; 9 illustrations, 9 in colour; 26 tables; 29 figures, 27 in colour; 69pp. bibliography. Over the past few decades, heritage has taken up a prominent position on public, academic and policy agendas. However, precisely what heritage is, and what cultural and social `work' it does, has yet to be adequately apprehended in a policy sense. Instead, the immense range of concerns, values and meanings conceived by an array of interest groups has been distilled and generalised into a seemingly coherent collection of policies. I low does this work? This research examines the discursive constructions of heritage and charts the development and dissemination of an aiilhorised Lierrluge discourse (AlID). Asa point of conflict, the thesis takes up a particular interest in the intersection of this discourse with recent calls of social inclusion. Primarily, the aim is to reveal the work (both linguistically and socially) the Al ID does in diminishing alternative heritage perspectives. In order to do so, this thesis places acute focus on policymaking and draws on a range of debates emerging from the social sciences. Principally, it employs the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of Critical Di. icoitrso, Analysis, but this is supplemented with Q illelhodoloiy, in-depth interviewing and participant observations. This multi-method approach requires a dual focus that examines both the social contexts and linguistic features surrounding the practice of heritage management. As such, considerable interest is placed upon the syntaxical, grammatical and lexical constructions of heritage internal to a collection of policy documents, including the ANIA11 (1979), the NI1r1 (1983), PPG 15, Power of Place: I he Fntrire o% the Ilistoric fnviro, rmeiit, The Historic Environment: . -A Force for our Future, and the IIerila; e Protection Review. The constructions of `heritage' embedded within these documents is simultaneously analysed against the external context of the heritage sector in England. The research concludes that the dominant notion of `heritage', revolving around an uncritical collection of assumptions regarding the immutable, physical nature of heritage, revered for its rarity, aesthetics, age and monumentality and conserved for the educational and informational benefit of future generations, continues to hold considerable influence. 'this dominance has continued despite recent calls for social inclusion and an increased interest in `public value'. As such, it is argued that new emphases of inclusivity and plurality operate at the level of rhetoric only, and rarely translate in reality. Instead, the : AIID continues to create, sustain and promote a particular way of seeing heritage. Moreover, this dominant vision does not appear to dominate, it appears as natural.

Recent research has shown that ideas about the past are central to the way people think about current food and construct alternatives. Yet there has been a lack of detailed attention paid to these uses of the past, often dismissed as nostalgic and inaccurate. This thesis examines the uses of ‘heritage’ as a very particular means of engagement with the past and takes as its subject the increasingly high profile idea of ‘heritage’ vegetables. One problem facing consumers and scholars alike hoping to understand the phenomenon and its effects is that heritage discourse is being used in very different and apparently contradictory ways by a wide range of interest groups. In order to understand the ways these different social actors use heritage to negotiate a place for themselves relative to both the heritage at stake and other groups, this study analysed a corpus of around 500 heritage vegetable texts. The thesis argues that the discourse is driven by a central narrative of loss, ongoing risk and guardianship, which serves to add value to materials, by producing them as heritage. It goes on to identify a series of patterned variations in the way social actors construct heritage value, variations afforded by the mutable materiality of vegetables, seeds and plants. While some groups emphasise the practice of heritage production and consumption or the sensory experience to be enjoyed through it, other groups deploy strategies to make the heritage more materially unambiguous. The thesis then moves on to examine the importance of the concept of guardianship, and its use as a mechanism for the staking of claims to manage and thereby control heritage resources. It demonstrates that there is a distinction to be drawn between those narratives which emphasise practice, and those which emphasise material heritage ‘treasure’. The former work to construct an accessible and participatory ‘networked’ concept of guardianship. The latter reinforce the role of professional heritage experts, and the storage of heritage in secure, closed collections. The thesis makes a contribution at the intersection of food and heritage studies, at a time when heritage is being used in more and more contexts relating to consumption and lifestyle. It suggests ways in which differences in the construction of heritage value have great implications for who is empowered to access the heritage thus created, and opens the way to further research into the ways heritage is being used in healthy eating, environmentalist and urban regeneration contexts.

The nature of heritage is dissonant and heritage is likely to be part of conflicts or politics within and between classes, communities, ethnicity, identities or nations. One of the significant heritage debates is the presence of the Western Authorised Heritage Discourse (ARD) in non-Western societies, which may lead to tensions between stakeholders in heritage management. Heritage management in Non-Western countries at times sits in a complex web of conflicts due to the existence of competing discourses that shape the way cultural heritage is interpreted and managed. This research explores how different heritage interest groups perceive 'cultural heritage' and respond to tensions in heritage management arising from the competing ideologies underpinning heritage management by mapping conflicts over heritage issues at the city of Lamphun in Northern Thailand. There are different types of meanings and values attached to Lamphun's cultural heritage as a consequence of the coexistence of at least three major discourses: the traditional Buddhist/animistic worldview, the royalist- nationalist discourse and the Western AHD. This research has shown that while Western hegemony does exist, other competing discourses are equally influential. Heritage management will never be free of values or politics. In a place where management or administration is centralised, the parties that deliver globalised heritage practices are likely to be government agencies and experts. However, the outcomes of the implementation of these protocols, procedures or practices are often counterbalanced by traditional practices performed by locals and negotiations are necessary. The relationship between parties that adhere to different heritage discourses is in fact on a continuum. Heritage is defined and re-defined by a range of communities as they negotiate their identities and sense of place. These negotiations will have ongoing influences and will change not only the content of heritage discourses but also which discourses are given power and legitimacy. Heritage management, thus, should be a dynamic practice. Even the dominant discourses can change over time. Thus, it is difficult to define a single or 'best' set of practices that are held to be 'universally true'.

The Sami people of Northern Europe live in a cultural region (Sápmi), which stretches across the northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. An authorized heritage discourse in these countries interpret Sami cultural heritage from a Westernized point-of-view. Higher cultural institutions use today definitions which are based on a prevailing authorized heritage discourse, while others avoid or feel no need to use the term “cultural heritage”. Some Sami institutions have recently begun to use definitions of cultural heritage that agree with a Westernized point-of-view. However, there are a few published definitions by the Sami-people of their own culture in official homepages and regional organizations that present a different discourse. With this study I hope to be able to shed some light upon at least two discourses: 1. that of the ruling-state and 2. the Sami people’s own.

Heritage is a concept that has received abundant critical attention within the academy. This study seeks to extend this critique by demonstrating the value of long-term ethnographic research and analysis of heritage processes on the Main Islands of Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). As the FSM staff cultural anthropologist for 23 months, the author utilizes interview and participant observation data collected during a total of over 2 years in the field to uncover and analyze the production of cultural heritage discourses on Yap’s Main Islands. With a central goal to understand locally produced views and values of stakeholders toward their heritage, including what exactly it is they wish to preserve and why, findings were analyzed to generate culturally informed strategies that local communities can consider in order to best meet their heritage interests. Local discourses on heritage being produced by Yapese Main Islander stakeholders in Yap demonstrate views and values toward preserving primarily intangible elements of their heritage within the sphere of Chambers’ (2006) private heritage construct. Attending to the processes that facilitate private heritage transmission should therefore be a central strategy in preservation efforts. Additionally, a political economy approach to investigating the production of local discourses on heritage emerges as a productive alternative to the critical discourse analysis (CDA) paradigm that largely discounts the locally contingent historic, economic, social and political structures that are daily mediated as stakeholders look to the past to confront their presents and futures.

This thesis presents a multi-sited and multi-scalar ethnography of the processes and practices through which producers attempt to designate food as heritage. Grounded in cultural geography, it adopts a cultural economy approach to addressing concerns within agro-food studies by joining in conversation notions of heritage, place-making and time. By underlining the intrinsic relation between articulations of time and constructions of place, this thesis further maps the alternative geographies of food. It engages with three overarching questions, drawing on research conducted within two heritage-based food initiatives in Mexico and Scotland, both linked to the Slow Food movement. These produce, respectively, a traditional sweet called pinole and 'real' bread. The thesis asks: what objectives are pursued through the heritagisation of food whereby various actors strategically coin foods as heritage? How is time articulated in the discourse of heritage food, and how do heritage food networks and producers understand time as a component of food quality? Finally, what senses of place emerge from the various uses of time as a quality in global, translocal and local heritage food discourses? This thesis explores Slow Food's heritage qualification scheme and the ensuing commodification of heritage food, as well as translocal networks, and practices of 'slow' production. Through empirical engagements it argues that the qualification of heritage foods is multifunctional and that various articulations of time enable small-scale producers to engage with a plethora of socio-economic and political issues. Numerous and at times conflicting constructions of place surface from the discourses woven around these two heritage products and problematise identity formation and narratives of the past linked to producers and communities. This thesis concludes that the constructions of place associated with heritage foods depend not only upon the authority and circumstances of actors articulating a heritage discourse, but also on the scale of the dissemination of that discourse, and on the notions and understandings of time associated with heritage and place.

On 10 January 2014, the New York Times placed Cape Town at the top of its list of the "52 places to go in 2014". The hopeful rhetoric of the city as ultimate holiday destination, African creative metropolis, prime global-events location and city of freedom indicates powerful cultural discourses at work. Looking at how Cape Town is simultaneously reinvented and haunted, this thesis poses a set of questions regarding the discourses associated with the reinvention of the city, on the one hand, and the city's unresolved pasts, on the other. Situated at the convergence of two fields, Urban Studies and Heritage Studies, it sets out to investigate the workings of heritage and urban-design discourses in the city of Cape Town over the period of 2002 to 2014. It describes the unfolding of these discourses, and discusses the organisational process of both the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the 2014 World Design Capital in relation to the exhumation of human remains at District One and the restitution of land at District Six. Using as its methodology a combination of embedded ethnographic research, qualitative indepth interviews, desktop and archival research, and a form of embodied research, the thesis points to a historical hinge upon which these discourses shift. Through discourse analysis, it examines what this discursive shift entails, and how it takes place. It points to "moments of poignancy" in the construction of Cape Town's recent urban transformation. As such, this study offers a series of insights into the links between colonial modernity, on the one hand, and the origins of contemporary heritage and urban-design discourses in Cape Town, on the other. It examines the function of official discourse concerning the design of the city, as well as the sudden eruptions of public dissent that disturb this official discourse. The central argument of this thesis is that, through an in-depth understanding of the shifts, transformations and internal workings of the discourses of heritage and urban design, a critique can be made of the way contemporary Cape Town has been repositioned in relation to the city's past, present and future.

Tourism visits to sites associated to varying degrees with death and dying have for some time inspired academic debate and research into what has come to be popularly described as ‘dark tourism’. Research to date has been based on the mobilisation of various social scientific methodologies to understand issues such as the motivations of visitors to consume dark tourism experiences and visitor interpretations of the various narratives that are part of the consumption experience. This thesis offers an alternative conceptual perspective for carrying out research into museums that represent genocide and occupation by presenting a discourse analysis of five Lithuanian museums which share this overchig theme using Foucault’s concept of ‘discursive formation’ from ‘Archaeology of Knowledge’. A constructivist methodology is therefore applied to locate the rhetorical representations of Lithuanian and Jewish subject positions and to identify the objects of discourse that are produced in five museums that interpret an historical era defined by occupation, the persecution of people and genocide. The discourses and consequent cultural function of these museums is examined and the key finding of the research proposes that they authorise a particular Lithuanian individualism which marginalises the Jewish subject position and its related objects of discourse into abstraction. The thesis suggests that these museums create the possibility to undermine the ontological stability of Holocaust and the Jewish-Lithuanian subject which is produced as an anomalous, ‘non-Lithuanian’ cultural reference point. As with any Foucauldian archaeological research, it cannot be offered as something that is ‘complete’ since it captures only a partial field, or snapshot of knowledge, bound to a specific temporal and spatial context. The discourses that have been identified are perhaps part of a more elusive ‘positivity’ which is salient across a number of cultural and political surfaces which are ripe for a similar analytical approach in future. It is hoped that the study will motivate others to follow a discourse-analytical approach to research in order to further understand the critical role of museums in public culture when it comes to shaping knowledge about ‘inconvenient’ pasts.

There is considerable geographical overlap between areas set aside for nature conservation or protection and Indigenous peoples’ lands, and the social, economic, and political consequences of protected areas have often been extensive for Indigenous peoples. Discourses of conservation converge with discourses of Indigenous peoples, and both carry a legacy of colonial constructs and relationships. With these overlaps as a point of departure, the purpose of this thesis is to explore how the discourses that govern nature conservation and protected areas shape the conditions for Indigenous peoples’ influence and participation in the governance and management of protected areas on their lands. I pursue this aim by analyzing, and critically examining the consequences of, the construction of Indigenous subject positions and conditions for agency in discourses of nature conservation and protected areas. The empirical focus of the thesis lies with international discourses of protected areas and Indigenous peoples and on local and national discourses articulated in relation to two cases of protected areas in Sápmi. My analytical framework builds on postcolonial theory and discourse theory. I use space for agency as a concept to describe and analyze the effects of the discursive positionings and constructions that shape the ability or capacity of individuals or group to act or to be perceived as legitimate actors. My results show twomain articulations of Indigenous subject positions in protected area discourses, which enable and restrain the space for Indigenous agency in different ways. One articulation connects Indigenous peoples to conservation through the concept of traditional knowledge, thereby positioning Indigenous subjects mainly as holders of traditional knowledge and justifying Indigenous influence by its potential contribution to conservation objectives. The other articulation focuses on the rights pertaining to Indigenous peoples as peoples, including land rights and the right to selfdetermination. These articulations are not necessarily mutually exclusive, but they have potentially different consequences and indicate discursive tensions that can affect the space for Indigenous agency in relation to protected areas. Moreover, my results demonstrate the hegemony of discourses that takes conservation through area protection for granted and subordinates Indigenous land use to conservation objectives, structure Indigenous agency as “participation” in specific types of arrangement, and articulate Indigenous rights in relation to hegemonic constructions of sovereignty, self-determination, and rights. These hegemonic formations silence articulations that would challenge the authority of colonizing societies over Indigenous territories, suppress radical critique of the fundamental nature of arrangements for protected area governance and management, and subdue alternatives to discourses of contemporary liberal democracy and individual property rights.

This dissertation concerns a certain experienced (sub)reality, a reality which emerged from something “in between”, from a confluence of factors - the project Gender on Stage, a particular actor education programme and myself in the role of observer. The project Gender on Stage started as an interdisciplinary study between the National Academy of Mime and Acting in Stockholm and the Department of Theatre Studies and the Department of Nordic Languages at Stockholm University. It was supported by the Swedish Research Council, and its purpose was to investigate gender in actor education. Actor education is situated between traditional theatre history and trends about the future, between aesthetic ideals and a commercial market. In addition, as was described in the outline of the project, actor education must deal with a long history of male dominance. Actor education could be visualised as the epitome of a cultural production of gender, a site where one has to explicitly deal with discourses of body and language, male and female, self and other, memories and emotions, pleasure and desire. I have stressed gender in actor education as being deeply interrelated with the notion of cultural hegemony, historical discourses of acting as well as gender, myths, and unconscious themes. Beside theories of Simone de Beauvoir, Judith Butler, Sue Ellen Case and Julia Kristeva, the study invokes post-structural notions of “present absence” as well as Freud’s ideas on repression in terms of “the uncanny”. Stanislavsky’s theories of fantasy emotion and the Brechtian concepts of Verfremdung and Gestus were likewise taken into consideration. To resolve problems of confidentiality and ethics, I discuss certain significant observations, considering them to be unique situations, but also representative and symbolic acts. In discussing the gender construction, I put myself into play in the role of observer as a certain persona – a kind of converse representative and a “faceted mirror of the invisible”.

This thesis contributes to the knowledge of museology, anthropology and Native American studies. It is an analysis of the discourse that surrounded The Spirit Sings: Artistic Traditions of Canada's First Peoples, an exhibition prepared by the Glenbow in Calgary as the 'flagship' of the Olympic Arts Festival in 1988. After the Lubicon Indians of Northern Alberta called for a boycott of The Spirit Sings, in attempt to draw critical attention to their long outstanding lands claim, a large and heated debate ensued involving several disciplines, particularly anthropology and museology. Much of this debate took place in the print media, therefore a large body of material remains to be reviewed and studied. The intent of this thesis is to illustrate that the issue of museological representation of First Nations was one of the most central themes discussed in the discourse, but to argue that the major players dealt with this issue on only the most concrete level and therefore largely neglected to recognize that the issue of First Nation's representation was not just a concern over museum interpretation but more importantly an issue of the contested authenticity of national and cultural claims.
vi, 335 p. ; 29 cm.

Spanish
Ph.D.
With the purpose of understanding plausible reasons as to why Hispanics learners of Spanish, or heritage language learners (HLL), tend to obtain lower grades than their non-Hispanic counterparts (L2) in the same courses, forty-four students of Spanish (17 HLLs and 27 L2s) provided written production once a week for a period of six weeks. The data collected was analyzed in terms of error frequency in two main areas: orthography and morphology. The hypothesis proposed was that HLLs would have poorer orthographic performance than L2s given the informal aural input they have received at home before learning the language formally in an academic setting. Conversely, given the more complex nature of language morphology, which is believed to be acquired through long periods of time, HLLs, regardless of the informal context in their Spanish learning should show a more mature set of morphological constructions. Within the HL group, I looked at the correspondence between the orthographic and morphological performance of HLLs to the generation to which they belong. Although, the correspondence was not in the direction expected, there seems to be a correspondence in the opposite direction. The further away from the first generation the better orthographic and written performance HLs showed. One third generation HLL had fewer errors than first generation speakers. This tendency suggests that the term "heritage" has a referential value that goes beyond the linguistic realm. When comparing the written performance of the two groups, results did not show radical differences: orthographically L2s had fewer errors by 7% and morphologically HLLs had fewer errors by 14%. These results, however, to suggest that there is a difference in the Spanish competence of the two populations of learners that imply their learning of Spanish involve different needs, which should be considered for Spanish course design and curricula. The goals of this research is to point out that the teaching of Spanish as an HL should not be viewed as the teaching of Spanish as an L2.
Temple University--Theses

This thesis uses the case study of the Fallas festival in the city of Valencia (Spain), to assess the value of intangible cultural heritage. Within this framework the thesis explores a number of different issues: for example how social agents frame different qualities and benefits of cultural heritage in order to describe the value and claims for funding the arts. It finds that value assessment for claiming funds presents many challenges such as: identifying the values of the heritage in question; describing them; and ranking them according to their contribution to the public welfare. It examines the methodological techniques for assessing heritage values and goes on to discuss a number of tools that are, or could be, used for assessment. The thesis also explores how public bodies legitimise cultural funding. It examines the role of non-government arts organisations in supporting the arts. It proposes the analysis of donor decisions through a multi-attribute technique where donors state their importance to donor situations under specific conditions or attributes. Finally, it describes how the stakeholder approach can be applied for searching new ways of funding festivals. It also considers how intangible cultural heritage goods can be assessed within the process of cost-benefit evaluation. It also analyses how public bodies, as the principal supporters of culture, deal with the problem of valuing intangibles on social investments. The study uses the Fallas festival to test the research hypothesis. It uses a number of economic and statistical techniques to evaluate the Fallas Festival, these include Contingent Valuation, Choice Experiment and Descriptive and Multiatribute Statistics. The statistical techniques reveal that historical benefits are intrinsically valuable in the Fallas festival. The historical value that the members of the neighbourhood associations place on the Fallas festival justify that local social agents should support this festival.
Sánchez Royo, B. (2011). AN APPROACH TOWARDS HOLISTIC ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/12269
Palancia

Magister Artium - MA
Bo-Kaap (BK) is a neighbourhood in Cape Town which has long been home to a predominantly Muslim community with deep ties to the area’s colonial and slave history. In recent years, BK has become a hotbed for developers investing in property in Cape Town. Due to its sought-after location (close to Cape Town’s CBD), a flurry of interest in property development has ushered in an important turn in BK’s history and has begun changing the landscape of the neighbourhood. Important for this study is how BK residents grapple with the influx of rapid gentrification whilst trying to maintain their ‘Malay’ heritage. Historically, BK was known as a ‘Malay Quarter’ and had a distinctive ‘Malay’ identity1 constructed under apartheid legislation. It is this identity and concomitant Malay heritage which is of particular interest in this study. Under the continued threat of wholesale gentrification and arguably a loss of the rich history of early Muslims of the Cape this study hopes to investigate how community members who self-identify as ‘Malay’ signal their legitimacy to the area when discussing the fast pace of gentrification in the area. Notably, variations of BK’s Malay heritage have been documented over time. These works nonetheless point to the complex relationship between the documented/historicized construction of Malay heritage and the lived experience of having a Malay identity. Casting aside the notion of any homogenous Malay identity, this study opts to explore the manner in which a Malay identity is claimed and constructed discursively as legitimate discourse strategies against gentrification. This study adopts an ethnographic approach to studying narratives of Malay heritage in BK obtained through purposive sampling. A Discourse Analysis of narratives of heritage in BK is undertaken to draw attention to the discursive strategies employed by self-identified ‘Malay’ community members in the area.
2023-12-01

Though the field of Spanish heritage language (SHL) studies has seen a boom in research, such research has not yet addressed the materials available for SHL classes. This dissertation fills a gap in previous research by addressing the representation of US Latinos and US varieties of Spanish in the SHL context. The current study involves a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the presentation of both culture and language in intermediate level university SHL textbooks, in order to show how such texts present US Spanish-speaking people’s culture and their language varieties. Previous research on both history and Spanish as a foreign language textbooks show that US Latino populations in such texts are frequently reduced to numbers, faceless statistics or stereotypes (Arizpe & Aguirre, 1987; Cruz, 1994; Elissondo, 2001; Ramírez and Hall, 1990; Rodríguez and Ruiz, 2005; and van Dijk, 2004a; 2004b). Additionally, previous analyses of the presentation of Spanish in Spanish foreign language (SFL) textbooks show SFL texts provide “…varying or misleading intuitions about dialects of Spanish” (Wieczorek 1992, p.34; see also Fonseca-Greber & Waugh, 2003). This dissertation corroborates these findings in the SHL context and presents suggestions for improving the quality of materials used in the SHL context. The results of the current study clearly parallel those found by van Dijk (2004b); though the texts present “factual” information, it is the selective presentation of this information that culminates in an overall negative representation of immigrant and minority cultures, which is rooted in a metonymical understanding of what it means to be immigrant. Additionally, all the texts continue to promote a pseudo-Castilian variety of Spanish, while delegating student varieties of the language to appropriate home contexts. This bidialectal treatment of US varieties of Spanish excludes critical based dialect awareness altogether. This dissertation addresses the need to both improve and develop “…pedagogically sound textbooks and new technology materials designed to meet the Hispanic bilingual student’s linguistic needs” (Roca, 1997, pp.37-43). It is only through critical discourse analysis that we can assure that textbooks are indeed presenting a positive image of US Latinos and their language to students enrolled in university SHL classes.

This thesis addresses the complexity of the political situation in Europe after 1989, with special reference to Czecho-Slovakia. In doing so, the thesis discusses the relationship between nationalism and liberalism, not as exclusive of one another but developed from the one and the same impulse. Tracing the theoretical genealogy of such ideas as reason, natural and historical rights, individual, nation, and the state, I will show that to understand our present differently, we need to come to terms with the conceptual framework of the Enlightenment. My overall claim is that the foundation of our knowledge is embedded in the modern concept of the individual. Furthermore, I argue that there are two different models of individualism. One, which is predicated on the mechanistic universe of causation and defined by the idea of negative liberty; the other which theorises the individual as always already relational and hence social. These two conceptions of the individual are tied to different concepts of rights. I suggest that the idea of nation is likewise contained in the notion of the individual. Once again, there are two possible approaches. One, an extended version of atomistic individualism is the prototype for the nation state of Lord Acton and John Stuart Mill, where rational nations, like rational individuals, co-exist in one state. The other approach, elaborated by Grotius and, in its modern version by Kant, is concerned with the relational coexistence of nations. Important for my argument is the concept of historical right elaborated by theorists of the German Historical School of Law, emphasizing the mutual relationship between state and individual. The historical right was proposed to counteract the excesses of natural right which privileged the rights of the individual against the claims of the state. After the First World War, the idea of natural right, as advanced by the Treaty of Versailles, promised a sense of legality to all nations living in Central Eastern Europe. Now two concepts-natural right and historical right - provided a basis for the claim of each nation to its own state. I use the example of the split of Czecho-Slovakia to explain and substantiate my argument.

The study presents an investigation of a regionalauthorized heritage discourse, represented by theCounty Administrative Board on signs set up at ancientmonuments and sites in the province of Skånein southern Sweden. The starting point is a criticalanalysis of layout, texts and illustrations to ascertainthe narratives conveyed by the signs. The results showthat slightly less than half of the studied signs workwell according to the criteria set up for the study. Theresult also demonstrates that more than half of thestudied signs do not work well according to these criteria.Those that work well give detailed informationabout the ancient monument or site. The signs that donot work well give inadequate information and riskexcluding a majority of the people who read them.The latter signs confirm what so many other discourseanalyses have shown, that the authorized heritage discourseto a large extent still privileges the perspectivesof a white, middle-class male. The former signs, thatis, those that are judged to work well in terms of thecriteria applied in this study, show that the authorizedheritage discourse does not only offer something thatprivileges the perspectives of that white, middle classmale, but also has the ability to offer narratives withother perspectives.

The perpetual evolution of the value of heritage in urban development is producing newsocio-spatial realities, shaped by different relationships of power at multiple scales.Heritage has always played an important role in the construction of individual andgroup identities, but is now increasingly seen as a capital for the making of cityidentity. Although professional heritage practices have attempted to embrace a similaror parallel vision, they are likely to overlook how interventions in heritage challengeidentity, meaning and sense of place. This thesis employs methods of discursiveanalysis to investigate the evolution and the appropriation of heritage in three sociopoliticalcontexts: Botswana, a post-colonial society; Palestine, an occupied society;and Sweden, a developed Western society. It also uncovers the ways authority is put towork through the discursive field of heritage in historic environments.Heritage in Palestine under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, British Mandate, and theIsraeli Occupation has been engulfed by both armed and discursive struggles overhistory, identity, and superiority. Narratives of the ‘Holy Land’ in addition to thepressures of the occupation forces and international interventions have shaped currentheritage practices in the Historic City of Nablus. In Botswana, Western planning ideashave been promoted in both the colonial and post-colonial eras, with little attention tolocal culture. The socio-spatial realities this produces have divorced the Batswana fromthe familiar and played an authoritarian role in defining valuable heritage in thedevelopment of Shoshong village and Sowa town. Heritage in the town of Ystad,Sweden, has since the late nineteenth century been regulated and legitimized through aconsistent inscription of a medieval identity on the town landscape, overlooking socialand spatial consequences.These findings are presented in four papers that each addresses a specific aspect ofheritage in urban development. An introductory monograph links the articles,developing theoretical analyses on how heritage-authority relations. This discussiongoes beyond direct practices of authority in management of physical heritage. Instead,it uncovers how heritage is utilised to gain and reinforce authority over identity politicsin historic environments. It also sheds light on how discursive struggles over meaningin the three cases are influenced by a ‘universalized heritage discourse’. In thisdiscourse, heritage is perceived as physical things representing a specific version of thepast, framed by European values and controlled by professional expertise andconventional knowledge. This discourse is rooted in the ‘authorized heritage discourse’that emerged in Europe in the nineteenth century and disseminated globally throughinternational treaties on heritage. Situating site-specific interventions in their social,cultural, and political contexts would allow for productive dissonance, rather thannarrow mediations of competing views. The virtue of working with heritage in the faceof authority at different spatial scales is stressed as one way to build sufficient capacityin heritage practices, capacity that would allow individuals and social groups to freelynegotiate their identity against any intervention in their spaces of heritage.
Den ständigt pågående omvandlingen och utvecklingen av det kulturella arvetproducerar nya rumsliga villkor, formade av såväl intern socio-politisk dynamik somexterna krafter. Kulturarv har alltid spelat en central roll i individers och gruppersidentitetsskapande och uppfattas nu allt oftare även som ett kapital i konstruktionen avstäder och regioner. Dock saknar kulturarvspraktikerna ofta förståelse för de sociopolitiskakonsekvenserna och kan därmed inte på ett medvetet sätt hantera dessaaspekter. Denna avhandling undersöker utvecklingen av det kulturella arvet och dessinverkan i tre socio-politiska kontexter: Botswana, ett postkolonialt samhälle; Palestina,ett ockuperat samhälle; och Sverige, ett västerländskt samhälle. En analys av lokalainterventioner i de tre områdena visar hur auktoritet kommer till uttryck genomdiskurser om kulturarvet i historiska miljöer.I Palestina har - under det ottomanska styret, det brittiska mandatet och den israeliskaockupationen - det kulturella arvet utgjort en arena kännetecknad av såväl militär somdiskursiv kamp för historia, identitet och makt. Så till exempel präglar narrativ om ’detheliga landet’ nutida praktiker kring kulturarv i den av historien präglade stadenNablus. I Botswana har västerländskt utvecklade idéer för stadsplanering praktiseratsunder både den koloniala och den postkoloniala eran, vilket formaturbaniseringsstrategier ofta utan hänsyn till lokal kultur. Den sociala och rumsligaverklighet som därigenom skapats har lett till en tilltagande distansering mellanBotswanierna och deras kulturarv. Detta fick avgörande konsekvenser vid definitionenav värdefullt kulturarv under utvecklingen av Shoshong village och Sowa town. IYstad har det kulturella arvet under sena nittonhundratalet reglerats och legitimeratsgenom framhållandet av en medeltida identitet, en identitet som starkt formatstadsmiljön men men vars sociala och rumsliga konsekvenser inte beaktats.Dessa resultat presenteras i fyra artiklar, som var och en lyfter en specifikfrågeställning kring kulturellt arv. I en ”kappa” kopplas artiklarna samman ochanalyseras särskilt med avseende på hur det kulturella arvet involveras iauktoritetsskapande,. Analysen visar att auktoritet kommer till uttryck genomdiskursiva praktiker kring kulturellt arv. Samtidigt som varje fall präglas av enkontextuell och situerad diskurs, påverkas alla av en ’universell kulturarvsdiskurs’.Inom ramen för denna universella diskurs uppfattas kulturarv som fysiska tingomgärdade av sociala och kulturella erfarenheter ofta kopplade till europeiskavärderingar, under kontroll av professionella experter och i linje med konventionellkunskap. Denna diskurs har sina rötter i den ’auktoriserade kulturarvsdiskursen’ somväxte fram i Europa under artonhundratalet och spred sig globalt genom internationellkultursamverkan. En av avhandlingens slutsatser är att en situering av platsspecifikainterventioner i sina komplexa sociala, kulturella och politiska kontexter kan erbjuda enför samhället produktiv dissonans, snarare än den begränsning som oundvikligen blirföljden av ambitionen att snabbt komma fram till konsensus. Genom att synliggöra hurauktoritet kommer till uttryck genom kulturarvets olika rumsliga nivåer, kan en ökadkapacitet och förståelse för socio-politiska aspekter också byggas upp ikulturarvspraktiken.
QC 20120424

This essay studies the Swedish museum debate during 2016–2017, regarding the display of history. The sources analysed here that represent the debate are the Swedish Govenment’s Proposition on Cultural Heritage Politics (Regeringens proposition 2016/17:116), the Museum Investigation (Ny Museipolitik 2015) and articles from Swedish daily newspapers. The essay uses Laurajane Smith’s work (Uses of Heritage 2006) on Authorized and Subaltern Heritage Discourses, as well as methods for argument analysis and construction of the Heritage node. The essay concludes that the Government’s Proposition is more closely tied to a Subaltern Heritage Discourse, while the Investigation lies somewhere in between both discourses, and the newspaper articles adhere to an Authorized Heritage Discourse. The Proposition construct the Heritage node in an open, multiculturalistic way that also focus on relevancy for today’s society and stresses the importance of the experience of the visit. The Investigation focus on the special role of the museum professionals, and also believes in a balance between traditional knowledge-based exhibitions and experience-based ones. The authors of the articles see the heritage as under threat from Government Politics, where knowledge and tradition is being replaced by norm criticism and multiculturalism.

This study investigates the current discourses of Great Zimbabwe by analysing traces of colonial terminology within present-day literary illustrations. The aim is to identify western ideas and perspectives still dominant within the discourses and explore its implications. By conducting research on how Great Zimbabwe is being illustrated today within academic literature as well as more popular texts, the study demonstrates the role and power of discourse in relation to questions regarding who is authorized to write history and define heritage. Special focus is placed on discourse’s implications on the perception of reality and identity within a context heavily tainted by colonialism. This investigation is a pilot study which hopes to encourage further research on the representation of heritage sites that are vulnerable to political discourses.
Studien undersöker den nuvarande diskursen kring Stora Zimbabwe genom att identifiera och analysera spår från den koloniala terminologin inom dagens litterära illustrationer. Syftet är att urskilja dominanta västerländska idéer och perspektiv inom diskursen och granska dess inflytande. Genom att undersöka hur Stora Zimbabwe illustreras inom dagens akademiska och mer populära litteratur kan studien demonstrera diskursens roll och maktposition, vilket leder till frågor om vem som bär på rätten att definiera historia och kulturarv. Speciellt fokus har lagts på diskursens påverkan vad gäller hur människan uppfattar verkligheten och hur identiteter formas inom den koloniala kontexten. Underökningen är en förstudie som hoppas kunna uppmuntra vidare forskning som behandlar representationen av kulturarv som formats och påverkats av politiska diskurser.

This study is about how Harlem--an ethnically diverse community regarded by many as a primary site of the African American Experience--is represented in the online tourism domain. More specifically, it is about identifying loci of value in the content of online tourist reviews which contribute to a color-blind and politically sanitizing discourse about Harlem that reinforces a neoliberal understanding of Harlem as an underdeveloped economic frontier. Tourism has been identified by New York policy makers to be a way to generate revenue in culturally diverse, low-income areas, and especially in Harlem. In order for tourism to be successful, a neighborhood needs to be considered a place that can offer tourists a valuable experience. Online reviews, particularly those on social media sites, are becoming increasingly influential within the tourism industry because of their influence with consumers, who regularly consult them to guide purchasing decisions. This study examines online reviews of a prominent Harlem tourism company as a way to analyze the valuating discourse needed to keep tourists coming back to the community. What do reviewers find valuable during the tour? And what elements of the tour are responsible for producing value for tourists? These questions are investigated using a four-step qualitative approach to analyzing online tourist reviews on TripAdvisor.com posted about Harlem Heritage Tours.
Master of Science

Informed by discourse analysis and Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, this dissertation seeks to analyze the official discourse on religion in post-1980 Turkey through the interrelated topics of official religious authority, national identity and heritage, and the religious others. Primarily focusing on the debates at the Turkish Grand National Assembly and the publications and statements emanating from the Directorate of Religious Affairs, this study's primary argument is that in the official discourse Muslimness has remained the dominant component of national belonging in the entirety of the said period, in spite of the diversity of the official discourse. This dissertation seeks to make an original contribution to the existing scholarship mainly at the empirical level, through the utilization of the above-mentioned sources as well as the discussion of certain topics relatively neglected in the literature.
Se basant sur l'analyse de discours et la théorie des champs de Pierre Bourdieu, cette dissertation analyse le discours officiel sur la religion en Turquie depuis 1980 en examinant trois sous-thèmes interreliés: l'autorité religieuse gouvernementale, l'identité nationale et le patrimoine ainsi que l'Autre religieux. En se concentrant essentiellement sur les débats de la Grande Assemblée Nationale de Turquie ainsi que sur les publications et les déclarations provenant de la Direction des Affaires Religieuses, cette étude soutient que l'islamicité est resté la principale composante de l'identité nationale et ce en dépit de la diversité des discours officiels durant toute la période étudiée. Cette dissertation cherche à apporter une contribution originale, principalement au niveau empirique, à la littérature académique en utilisant les sources citées ci-dessus ainsi qu'en abordant certains sujets qui ont peu été examinés.

A review of past literature has highlighted that the incorporation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) values in brand communications is difficult to get right. In particular, limited prior research has examined the evolving nature of CSR and how it is enacted within brand heritage and authenticity. In addressing this gap, this research examines the CSR reporting of two organisations and seeks to interpret how CSR initiatives are enacted within their individual brand heritage and authenticity. A programme of qualitative enquiry was adopted; initially 26 semi-structured interviews were designed to gain insight into the actual experience of a range of respondents of social responsibility ideas, messages and associations as they pertain to UK retailers. In phase two, a critical discourse analysis (CDA) proved an effective means to deconstruct the CSR reporting strategies that link to brand representations over an extensive time period for both UK brands. The findings from the study highlight how symbolic brand heritage references were significant in explaining brand-specific distinctions between CSR messages. High levels of brand-specific trust were linked to recollected memories for some consumers, but this contrasted with distrust by younger respondents. Notable findings from the CDA of Marks and Spencer reports were threefold, demonstrating: a) evidence of evolution in the nature and structure of CSR brand narratives; b) patterns showing strong interlinking of CSR reporting with components of brand heritage, (track record and core values); and c) attempts to create relational and experiential values that conjured forms of brand authenticity directed at stakeholders i.e. customers and employees. Conversely, for the Co-operative CDA offered a) less evidence of evolution in CSR brand narrative; b) limited patterns of interlinking of CSR reporting with elements of brand heritage in the early years, with stronger emergent patterns from the 2000s; and c) a formal reporting structure that offered a progressive evolution in CSR reporting but low evidence of brand authenticity. The study contributes to an increase in theoretical knowledge in the CSR and branding literature, and offers some original perspectives on the evolution of the producer narrative (central to CDA) of CSR messages over a lengthy time period (over 100 years). Methodologically, this study argues for the use of a CDA as an effective modus operandi to deconstruct the framing of CSR reporting strategies for organisations. From a marketer perspective, this study suggests that brand heritage and authenticity should be viewed more holistically– that it is perceived brand authenticity as it relates to CSR that may or may not be acknowledged by customers; and that the interpretation of brand authenticity may impact the degree of engagement with CSR messages.

[EN] Software Engineering provides a repository of techniques, methods and tools to manage, process, use and exploit information. In recent decades, this corpus has not only been applied to domains that traditionally act as a receivers of software solutions, but also it has been expanded and enriched by contributions from other disciplines and domains with needs related to the information produced. One of the most common needs in these disciplines is the software assistance to experts or domain professionals in performing processes ranging from the analysis of raw gathered data to the generation of new knowledge based on these, thus allowing the continuous advance of the discipline. In order to assist knowledge generation processes through software, it is necessary a deep understanding of the Software Engineering corpus as well as the particularities of the domain assisted and how knowledge is generated inside it.This situation appears too in the Cultural Heritage domain, whose professionals produce and manage large amounts of data about evidences of our past and present, from which they create new knowledge that constitutes the knowledge about heritage of a particular community.Despite their relevance and the regular application of Software Engineering solutions to the Cultural Heritage domain, the knowledge generation process in Cultural Heritage poses a challenge for Software Engineering, mainly due to the low presence of formal studies of the process, making it difficult to assist it through software. The lack of formal studies implies that we do not know which particular processes in Cultural Heritage we must assist and what should be the appropriate assistance in each case. Furthermore, the Cultural Heritage domain and, in general, the humanities, possesses some particular characteristics that are especially difficult to deal with by software, such as the presence of high subjectivity, the fact that much information is uncertain or vague, and the importance of the temporal aspect in the information. In order to address these two challenges from a transdisciplinary perspective, this thesis presents a conceptual framework based on software models for the construction of software solutions to assist to the knowledge generation process in Cultural Heritage. Firstly, the thesis conducts a deep exploration of the knowledge generation processes in Cultural Heritage, whose inputs are mainly textual sources. As a result, the thesis proposes a methodology and a modelling language to use discourse analysis in Software Engineering. By using this approach, it is possible to relate elements of a text with the domain entities that are referenced and the argumentative mechanisms used during the knowledge generation process and captured in the text. Subsequently, the thesis proposes a conceptual framework whose implementation allows to manage the domain particularities mentioned above, providing a software assistance to the Cultural Heritage professionals through information visualization techniques.The proposed conceptual framework has been validated in two complementary ways. On the one hand, we have developed a full case study in the Cultural Heritage domain, for which we have instantiated all the software models proposed as part of the framework to represent a real-world scenario. This case study application has revealed the potential of the framework in terms of conceptual representation, technical support and software-assistance definition mechanisms.On the other hand, the proposed software models have been implemented as a functional iOS application prototype. The prototype has been validated empirically against professionals in Cultural Heritage, comparing the performance of knowledge generation processes using the proposed framework to the conventional ways without software assistance. The empirical validation has revealed how the proposed framework provides a robust solution for implementing software-assistance in Cultural Heritage.
[ES] La ingeniería del software ofrece un repositorio de técnicas, métodos y herramientas como soluciones para el manejo, tratamiento, uso y explotación de información. En las últimas décadas, este corpus no sólo ha sido aplicado a dominios tradicionalmente receptores de soluciones software, sino que se ha expandido y enriquecido con aportaciones de diversas disciplinas y dominios con necesidades relacionadas con la información que producen.Una de las necesidades más habituales es la asistencia a los profesionales de dichas disciplinas durante el proceso evolutivo que realizan desde el análisis de los datos más primarios hasta la generación de conocimiento nuevo que permita avanzar en la disciplina involucrada. Este es el caso del Patrimonio Cultural, cuyos profesionales producen y manejan ingentes cantidades de datos acerca de evidencias sobre nuestro pasado y presente, y desde los cuáles descubren y generan conocimiento nuevo, que supone la herencia cultural propia de una comunidad. Este conocimiento define la comunidad en el presente y es transmitido a las generaciones presentes y futuras. Pese a su relevancia y a la habitual aplicación de determinadas soluciones de ingeniería software en el dominio, el proceso de generación de conocimiento en Patrimonio Cultural representa en sí mismo un reto para la ingeniería del software, debido fundamentalmente a la poca presencia de estudios formales acerca del mismo, lo que dificulta su asistencia mediante software. Esto implica que no sabemos qué tipo de subprocesos debemos asistir mediante software ni cuál es la asistencia más adecuada. Además, el corpus actual en ingeniería del software debe soportar especificidades del dominio patrimonial y, en general, de las humanidades, como son la presencia de una alta subjetividad, el hecho de que mucha información es incierta o vaga, y la importancia del aspecto temporal en los datos. Con el objetivo de abordar estos dos retos desde una perspectiva co-investigadora y transdisciplinar, la presente tesis doctoral presenta un marco conceptual basado en modelos software para la construcción de soluciones software que asistan a la generación de conocimiento en Patrimonio Cultural. La tesis explora a fondo el proceso de generación de conocimiento en Patrimonio Cultural, cuyas fuentes eminentemente textuales han dado lugar a la propuesta de una metodología completa y un lenguaje de modelado para utilizar análisis del discurso en ingeniería del software. Esta propuesta permite que se puedan relacionar elementos de un texto con las entidades del dominio que se referencian, así como los mecanismos argumentativos que se emplean.Posteriormente, la tesis propone un marco conceptual completo cuya implementación permite gestionar las especificidades del dominio antes señaladas, ofreciendo una asistencia mediante técnicas de visualización de información software a los especialistas en Patrimonio Cultural. El marco conceptual propuesto ha sido validado de dos maneras complementarias. Por un lado, se ha desarrollado un caso de estudio patrimonial completo, para el cual se han implementado todos los modelos software del marco conceptual propuesto, representando un escenario de aplicación completo del mundo real. Este caso de estudio ha permitido comprobar la potencia del marco conceptual propuesto en cuanto a representación, soporte y definición de mecanismos de asistencia software. Por otro lado, los modelos software que conforman el marco conceptual propuesto han sido implementados en un prototipo funcional en forma de aplicación iOS. Esto ha permitido contar con una implementación real de asistencia software en Patrimonio Cultural. Dicha solución se ha validado empíricamente con profesionales del dominio, comparándola con los modos de generación de conocimiento habituales sin dicha asistencia.La validación empírica ha permitido comprobar cómo el marco propuesto constituye una solución sólida para la construcci
[CAT] L'enginyeria del programari ofereix un repositori de tècniques, mètodes i eines com a suport per la manipulació, tractament, ús i explotació d'informació. En les darreres dècades, aquest corpus no sols ha sigut aplicat a dominis tradicionalment receptors de solucions de programari, si no que s'han extés i enriquit amb aportacions des de diferents disciplines i dominis amb necessitats relacionades amb l'informació que produeixen. Una de les necessitats més habituals és l'assistència als professionals d'aquestes disciplines durant el procés evolutiu que realitzen des de l'anàlisi de les dades més primàries fins la generació de nou coneixement que permet avançar en la disciplina involucrada. Aquest és el cas del Patrimoni Cultural, el professionals del qual produeixen i manipulen grans quantitats de dades sobre evidències del nostre passat i present, i des de les quals descobreixen i generen nou coneixement, que suposa l'herència cultural pròpia d'una comunitat. A pesar de la seua relevància i a la normal aplicació de determinades solucions d'enginyeria de programari al domini, el procés de generació de coneixement en Patrimoni Cultural representa, en sí mateix, un repte per a l'enginyeria del programari, fonamentalment per la poca presència d'estudis formals sobre aquest domini, cosa que dificulta la seua assistència per programari. Açò implica que no sabem quin tipus de subprocessos hem d'assistir amb programari ni quina és l'assitència més adient. A més a més, el corpus actual en l'enginyeria del programari ha de suportar especifitats del domini patrimonial i, en general, de les humanitats, com són la presència d'una alta subjectivitat, i el fet que molta informació és incerta o imprescisa, o la importància de la dimensió temporal en les dades. Amb l'objectiu d'abordar aquestos dos reptes des d'una perspectiva de recerca colaborativa i transdisciplinar, aquesta tesi doctoral presenta un marc conceptual basat en models de programari per a la construcció de solucions de programari que assistisquen a la generació de coneixement en Patrimoni Cultural. En primer lloc, la tesi explora en profunditat el procés de generació de coneixement en Patrimoni Cultural, les fonts de les quals són majoritàriament textuals han sigut l'orige per a la proposta d'una metodologia completa i un llenguatge de modelatge per emprar anàlisi del discurs en enginyeria de programari. Aquesta proposta permet que es puguen relacionar elements d'un text amb les entitats del domini que es referencien, així com els mecanismes argumentatius que s'empren. Posteriorment, la tesi proposa un marc conceptual complet amb una implementació que permet gestionar les especificitats del domini abans esmentades, oferint una assistència mitjançant tècniques de visualització d'informació de programari als especialistes en Patrimoni Cultural.El marc conceptual proposat ha sigut validat de dues maneres complementàries. Per una banda, s'ha desenvolupat un cas d'estudi patrimonial complet, implementant tots els models de programari del marc conceptual proposat, representant un escenari d'aplicació complet del món real. Aquest cas d'estudi ha permés comprovar la potència del marc conceptual proposat en quant a la representació, suport i definició de mecanismes d'assistència de programari. Per una altra banda, els models de programari que conformen el marc conceptual proposat s'han implementat en un prototipus funcional en forma d'aplicació iOS. Aquest fet ha permés comptar amb una implementació real d'assistència de programari en Patrimoni Cultural. Aquesta solució s'ha validat empíricament amb professionals del domini, comparant-la amb els modes de generació de coneixement habituals sense aquesta assistència. La validació empírica ha permés comprovar com el marc conceptual proposat constitueix una solució sòlida per a la construcció, a partir dels models de programari especificats, dels sistemes de prog
Martín Rodilla, P. (2016). Software-Assisted Knowledge Generation in the Cultural Heritage Domain: A Conceptual Framework [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/68496
TESIS

At least eight soapstone carvings of birds furnished a shrine, Great Zimbabwe, in the 19th century. This large stonewalled settlement, once a political and urban centre, had been much reduced for four centuries, although the shrine continued to operate as local traditions dictated. The Zimbabwe Birds were handed down from a past that has only been partially illuminated by archaeological inquiry and ethnography, as has the site as such. This thesis publishes the first detailed catalogue of the Birds and attempts to reconstruct their provenance at the site based on the earliest written accounts. A modern history of the Birds unfolds when the European settlers removed them from the site in dubious transactions, claiming them as rewards of imperial conquest. As the most treasured objects from Great Zimbabwe, the fate of the Birds has been intertwined with that of the site in a matrix of contested meanings and ownership. This thesis explores how the meanings of cultural objects have a tendency to shift and to be ephemeral, demonstrating the ability of those in power to appropriate and determine such meanings. In turn, this has a bearing on ownership claims, and gives rise to an “authorized heritage discourse” syndrome.   The forced migrations of the Zimbabwe Birds within the African continent and to Europe and their subsequent return to their homeland decades later are characterised by melodramatic episodes of manoeuvring by traders, politicians and theologians, and of the return of stolen property cloaked as an amicable barter deal, or a return extolled as an act of generosity. International doctrines that urge the return of cultural property are influenced by Western hegemonic ideologies. Natural justice is perverted, as stolen property acquires a (superior) significance in its new context, which merits the extinction of the original provenance. This leaves “generosity” and goodwill as the promises of the future, holding the fate of one Zimbabwe Bird still kept in exile in South Africa.

According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau (2012), the United States is the world's fifth most populous Spanish-speaking country, with over 35 million Spanish-speakers. In addition, Spanish is the most widely taught foreign language in the United States, with more students enrolled in Spanish at the higher-education level than in all other modern languages combined, as detailed in a 2010 report from the Modern Language Association (MLA). How are these two realities connected? Is the United States' status as a top Spanish-speaking country reflected in Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL) and Spanish as a Heritage Language (SHL) curricula at the university level? This case study of a large, Southwestern university, which is home to SFL and SHL programs among the largest in the country, explores that question using a two-tiered approach. First, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is employed to examine the ideological underpinnings of how spoken varieties of Spanish, with particular emphasis on U.S. Spanish, are presented in first-year and second-year university-level SFL and SHL textbooks used at the university. Second, focus groups of SFL and SHL instructors are conducted to gain insight into their beliefs and practices regarding language variety in the classroom. The study finds a systematic reinforcement of the ideology of a monolithic 'standard' Spanish in the SFL and SHL textbooks and curricula, with only cursory attention paid to regional varieties of Spanish and an oftentimes explicit de-legitimization of U.S. Spanish in particular.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-94).
Khomani San with access to 26,000 hectares of land in the national park for "symbolic and cultural uses", and is entitled a "Heritage Park". National parks have, in recent years, been required by legislation, popular opinion, and SANP policies to change how they interact with local communities. However, both staff in Kgalagadi and local residents consistently reiterate that "nothing changes in the Kalahari", and this is a dominant discourse in the Park. Experience of living in the region (including the National Park) has demonstrated to residents that little does change in their material social reality. Based on the experience of nine months in the Park as a volunteer with South African National Parks, complemented by a month of fieldwork, this study gauges the interpretation of a "Heritage Park" and co-management by the authority implementing the Agreement. Through interview and survey data this study argues that the power of discursive modes of communication and their control of knowledge and differing uses of and interpretations of the past limit the conceptualization of possible change. The emphasis placed by residents on racial difference restricts possible subject- positions and therefore, the possibility of multiple types of relations beyond apartheid-era categorization. While experience within the place creates its own set of limitations on social life. The Kalahari, I argue, is internalized by its residents and stifles a sense of possibility through a particular sense of the passage of time, the past, and different conceptions of its effect on the present. These factors combine as restrictions on any meaningful social change for the residents of Kgalagadi. I argue that it is the social dynamics within the Park that curb the success of the Ae!Hai Kalahari Heritage Park Agreement. The social world inside Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park can by extension, be seen as a microcosm of the larger South African picture; a nation scored by differences of race, access to information and meaning in knowledge, and influential but ambiguous discourses.

This essay attempts to discover a correlation between a perceived veneration of an inherent value of the cultural heritage which is enlightened in the face of the iconoclastic acts of IS (Islamic State). Firstly, the essay establishes how UNESCO could be perceived as a Social System which educates its central binary codes through communication. The codes central to the System are cultural preservation and cultural destruction. Through examining the official documents of the System and analysing their content through Content Analysis, the essay delineates how an inherent value is manifested in cultural heritage. Further it examines whether the System is successful in communicating and implementing its positive binary code into its surrounding environment. The conclusions are that the System aspires to connect what it deems an “outstanding universal value” with an inherent value of democratic human rights. It is also concluded that the System is successful in implementing its positive core binary code into its environment. However, there are indications that this efficiency could dramatically decrease in the future, thereby rendering the System’s value as an ideological standpoint less valuable in the face of theologically motivated iconoclasms.

Glimmingehus, i sydöstra Skåne, är en del av det skånska kulturarvet och ett betydande besöksmål. Som en del av det statligt förvaltade kulturarvet finns ett ansvar att historiebruket är inkluderande och främjar delaktighet. Uppsatsen undersöker vilken del av historien som lyfts fram på Glimmingehus, utifrån följande frågeställningar: Vilka och vems narrativ tillvaratas och förmedlas till den allmänhet som besöker Glimmingehus? och Vilka andra narrativ med anknytning till Glimmingehus skulle kunna föras fram? Agnidakis et al. (2018) utgår från statens förvaltning av vårt gemensamma kulturarv i sin metodutveckling. Metoden undersöker de narrativ som förmedlas på en plats och i vilken utsträckning de är bundna till normer som rör kultur, särskilda tider, klass eller kön. Resultatet visar på adeln som den mest återgivna sociala kategorin på Glimmingehus. Jens Holgersen Ulfstand och Margareta Arvidsdotter Trolle är genomgående de mest framträdande personerna och främst medeltid, men även andra perioder såsom 1600-tal, åskådliggörs. Rumsligt fokus ligger till största delen på borgens funktion som försvarsverk och bostad. Därtill tillkommer flera andra mindre framträdande narrativ, med den största variationen i utställningen Borgfolk. Flera av de historiska personer som presenteras är kvinnor. Utmaningen tycks inte ligga i att hitta inflytelserika kvinnor ur historien att berätta om, utan i att hitta och belysa de personer som möjliggjorde den svenska och danska högadelns livsvillkor, på Glimmingehus såväl som på andra kulturhistoriskt viktiga platser i Skåne. Med landskapet som arbetsplats har landskapsvetaren möjlighet att vara delaktig i en normkritisk och normkreativ kulturmiljövård och bidra till ett inkluderande och varierat kulturlandskap.

This study approaches CERDOTOLA from a librarian perspective while looking at the introduction of digital libraries and possible issues that could arise during the development of a cultural digital repository. In spite of existing cooperation agreements between CERDOTOLA and various local, regional, and international organizations involved in cultural documentation, the present inter-institutional collaborations rarely reflect a level of involvement that brings direct input from stakeholders. This problem is set within normative institutionalism and reveals the difficulties in leveraging the technologies of digital libraries in order to effectively contribute to the development digital collections. This research is a qualitative case study that analyzes and discusses 10 individual interviews, 2 group interviews, 1 focus group discussion, and multiple site observations with critical discourse analysis. The analysis is based on Siegfried Jäger and Florentine Maier’s interpretation of Foucault’s critical discourse analysis and dispositive. A major finding of the study is that there is a lack of trust in and among institutions that impairs any collaboration is spite of the fact that digital libraries are valued and progressively accepted by the local LIS community. An organization such as the CERDOTOLA that tends to capitalize on alliances and inter-institutional collaborative agreements may need to re-conceptualize its view of stakeholders and reconcile the stakeholders’ understanding of digital libraries and digital libraries’ contents with its internal objectives. The conclusion of the study is that a redefinition of stakeholders’ roles and the direct involvement of the groups who own cultural materials could ease the documentation and digitalization process. Since the study mainly focuses on the opinion of LIS professionals and the example of one specific ethnic group, further research is recommended with additional groups using the same methodology.
Program: Masterprogram: Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap, Digitala bibliotek och informationstjänster

The main purpose of this thesis is to gain insight to, and widened knowledge about, the contemporary nationalistic movement in Sweden, represented by the Sweden Democrats, and its’ relation to cultural heritage. The party has made cultural heritage the main focal of their culture politic, but the questions are what cultural heritage is to them, what content they read in to the concept, how they value heritage, what sort of heritage policies they want to pursue, and why. And also what sort of sources and expertise that are invoked by the party. The source material, consisting of transcripts from parliamentary debates, motions, and policy documents from the party’s web page, is processed through a discourse analytic method. An important theoretical starting point is that to define a term is to define the thing itself, and that this is an expression of power, especially when it comes to a parliamentary party. The second purpose is to problematize and discuss the concept of heritage on a meta level by comparing the results from the empirical study with earlier research that explores the hegemonic heritage discourse. The main findings are that the Sweden Democrats, like many of their peers around Europe, want to use cultural heritage to create unity and a common national identity – a mono culture to replace the multi cultural paradigm they mean is prevailing in the country (and ruining it). The party has an essentialist, even positivistic, view on the content of heritage, but they never really define it thoroughly. The study also shows that most of the party’s thoughts on heritage are in line with the hegemonic heritage discourse. Some have argued that the Sweden Democrats are abusing ”the heritage”, but I would rather say that they are using it, in a way that corresponds well with the concept “cultural heritage” as it has been defined by all those involved with it (i.e. journalists, writers, scholars, policy makers, museal personnel, and the public through public debate in the press). The example of this Swedish nationalistic party, shows what the cultural heritage concept of today can be when driven to its peak.
Uppsatsens första syfte är att nå ökade insikter i modern svensk nationalism (representerad av Sverigedemokraterna) och dess relation till, och syn på, kulturarvsbegreppet. Partiet har gjort kulturarv till sin främsta kulturpolitiska fråga, men frågan är vad kulturarv är för partiet, vilket innehåll de tillskriver det, vilken kulturarvspolitik de säger sig vilja bedriva, hur de värderar kulturarv, och motiverar sina åsikter och förslag. Detta skall utredas genom en diskursanalys av Sverigedemokratiska motioner, riksdagsdebattinlägg, och texter från partiets webbsida. En teoretisk utgångspunkt som är mycket viktig för motiverandet av uppsatsens relevans är att kontroll över kulturarvsbegreppet är kontroll över tinget i sig, och att detta är ett maktuttryck, i synnerhet när det är ett riksdagsparti som söker kontroll över begreppet. Uppsatsens andra syfte är att problematisera och diskutera kulturarvsbegreppet på en metanivå, genom att jämföra resultaten från den empiriska studien med tidigare forskning om den hegemoniska kulturarvsdiskursen. De huvudsakliga fynden är att Sverigedemokraterna, likt många nationalistiska rörelser ute i Europa, vill använda kulturarv för att skapa gemenskap och en gemensam nationell identitet – en monokultur som kan ersätta det multikulturella paradigm de menar är rådande i landet idag. Partiet har en essentialistisk, till och med positivistisk, syn på kulturarv, men definierar det trots det aldrig på djupet. Studien visar att partiets tankar om kulturarvet ofta går i linje med den hegemoniska kulturarvsdiskursen. Somliga har hävdat att Sverigedemokraterna missbrukar ”kulturarvet”, men jag vill snarare säga att de brukar det på ett sätt som korresponderar med kulturarvsbegreppet med stort K, såsom det kommit att tolkas efter år av användande av journalister, författare, akademiker, politiker, museipersonal, och genom publik debatt i pressen. Exemplet Sverigedemokraterna visar vad kulturarvsbegreppet av idag kan vara när det dras till sin spets.

This paper aims to increase knowledge about how discourse is represented in the evaluation and management of tangible cultural heritage by a comparative analysis of the management of two of UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites located in Sweden. By examining the motivations for inscription and the sites’ management plans through critical discourse analysis, this study approaches questions regarding how heritage is constructed and managed. Through a comparison of the case studies and a subsequent discussion of their relation to Laurajane Smith’s concept of Authorized Heritage Discourse, this paper highlights some issues that the cultural heritage sector is facing today regarding social and political dimensions of cultural heritage.

L'objectif de cette étude est de comprendre comment circulent les imaginaires touristiques de la ville de Tanger à travers de sa trajectoire touristique. Le discours touristique sur la destination repose sur un imaginaire puissant de la ville qui configure des représentations hétérogènes héritées du passé de la ville qui s'est, très tôt, imposée comme ville-monde puis comme un haut-lieu littéraire du XIXème siècle. Le travail sur le décalage narratif dans les points de vue des divers acteurs en coprésence sur le territoire, et dans leur action urbanistique, révèlent les modes de consommation et de (re) production des imaginaires touristiques en vue de construire ou freiner la métropolisation de la ville postcoloniale. D'une part, la dynamique de l'action autour des patrimoines permet de comprendre le rôle du tourisme dans l'ancrage territorial d'imaginaires géographiques en déshérence. D'autre part, la conception des acteurs étatiques du projet urbain met en évidence la manière dont sont récupérées et aseptisées les images du tourisme dans l'élaboration de la relation de la ville au monde afin de l'intégrer à l'économie globale
The objective of this study is to understand how circulates the tourism imaginaries of the city of Tangier through its touristic trajectory. The tourism discourse on the destination rely on a powerful imaginary of the city which configures heterogeneous representations inherited from the past of the city which stood out, early, as city-world then as a literary top-place of the 19th century. The work on the narrative gap in the points of view of the diverse actors in copresence on the territory reveals the modes of consumption and of (re) production of the tourism imaginaries to build or slow down the metropolisation of the post­colonial city. On one band, the dynamics of the action around the heritages allows to understand the role of the tourism in the territorial anchoring of dormant geographical imaginaries. On the other band, the urban project conception by the state actors highlights the way are got back and disinfected the images of the tourism in the elaboration of the relation of the city to the world towards to integrate it into the global economy

Introduction: This is a two years master's thesis in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies. The purpose of this thesis was to critically examine discourses of sustainable cultural tourism, and how different sustainability dimensions and ideals can coexist and be applied in practice. The starting point was a case study of the World Heritage Site “The Hanseatic town of Visby”, where the relationship between the conservation and the availability of the world heritage site was investigated. The research questions that were formulated were which actors and agendas that cooperate in the production of sustainable heritage tourism, how global and national guidelines for sustainable cultural tourism correspond to the local development work of the Visby world heritage city, which are the prominent discourses in the documents on sustainable heritage tourism in the world heritage city of Visby and how they are described as well as whether there is opposition between the conservation and the availability of cultural heritage, and what potential solutions to such opposition can look like. Theory: Prior to the study, previous research on sustainability, sustainable heritage tourism and the world heritage site Visby has been studied and used as a springboard for the thesis research questions. The theoretical perspectives that were used in the analysis consisted of theories regarding sustainable tourism, posthumanism, system theory and authorized heritage discourse, AHD. Method: The method chosen for the study was Laclau & Mouffes discourse analysis. This enabled a closer examination of the development plans and documents on sustainable heritage tourism produced by local, national and global actors. This was complemented with short interviews with thirteen stakeholders. Results and analysis: The result and analysis showed that several different actors and agendas are involved in the production of sustainable heritage tourism. However, there are difficulties in letting all actors get their voices heard and being part of the decision-making process, such as the local population, which are often disregarded. In addition, interaction between different actors could get better with more clearly defined areas of responsibility. The result also showed that, in particular, the concepts of sustainability and sustainable develop-ment were used in the documents about the development of the world heritage city of Visby, but the concept of sustainable heritage tourism was rarely used. The Swedish National Heritage Board and the region of Gotland are currently working on developing sustainable tourism strategies. At present, however, there is unclear correspondence between global guidelines and local application, where it is up to the municipalities to interpret and apply Unesco’s guidelines themselves, which may be difficult since the guidelines are quite general and vague. The study also showed that there are three clear discourses in the documents about sustainable heritage tourism. Under the overall discourse of sustainable tourism in Visby there is an ecological discourse, an economic discourse and a social discourse. In all documents, sustainable tourism is described as consisting of three discourses, but there is great freedom of interpretation in the use of the term. The discourses are also prioritized and described differently in different documents. Conclusion: The study's conclusion is that there are both oppositions and solutions. Both documents and interviews show that there are oppositions between ecological, economic and social interests in a place like the world heritage site in Visby. At the same time, there are also various suggestions for how the different dimensions can coexist and the actors were generally optimistic. Basically, it is about finding a balance between conservation and accessibility, taking into account both contemporary and future interests. Suggested solutions are to work further with information and knowledge, improve interaction between different actors, work with conservation-based development, productize heritage, better interaction with the local society, develop creative industries in historical buildings, and include visitors in the conservation work. However, most voices agree that the issue is difficult and complex and requires more knowledge and research.

Located in social semiotics (Hodge & Kress, 1988), theories of identity (Goffman, 1959; Holland, Lachicotte, Skinner, & Cain, 1998), and third space (Gutierrez, Baquedano, & Turner, 1997; Rowe & Leander, 2005), this dissertation presents the findings from a year long, field-based qualitative study with a high school class of nine Spanish for Native Speakers (SNS) students and their teacher. The study used an arts-infused multimodal curriculum exploring Spanish language texts and cultures from around the world. The following questions guided this study: (a) What factors were considered as the teacher and the researcher co-planned this arts-infused multimodal curriculum, and how did the consideration of those factors shape the curriculum?, (b) How did students enrolled in this SNS class negotiate meaning and identity as they worked within this class?, and (c) What discourses around students’ meaning making practices and identities emerged within their visual texts over time and across texts? Data sources included interviews, observations, student-generated visual texts, photographs from class sessions, student journals, and audio and videotapes of portions of class discussions and activities. Visual texts were coded for elements of visual design and apparent discourses with which the text-maker identifies (Albers, 2007b; Kress & van Leeuwen, 2006). Five themes emerged from the data: 1) The teacher participant and researcher co-created the curriculum using critical-care pedagogy; 2) Actual participation in and creation of visual and multimodal texts shaped the classroom community; (3) Negotiation and meaning making occurred through the flexible use of sign systems; 4) Participants worked through understandings of self; and 5) Personally relevant discourses emerged within individual and group texts. The study suggested that heritage language courses like this one can teach more than language. Such courses deserve attention as havens where students’ complex meaning making of themselves, their worlds, and their places in them are freely explored.

The purpose of the study is to highlight and analyse the discursive representations of culture and cultural heritage of the Swedish preschool curriculum and five local development plans where these concepts are used. The theoretical understanding is based on social constructionism. The theory regard the world as socially constructed and that the language is a creator of our reality. Our experiences help create our identity, and is seen as something mutable. The study also has a discourse analytical approach both as a theory and a method. Our empirical data consists of the preschool curriculum and five local development plans that contains culture and cultural heritage. The results present two different themes regarding how culture and cultural heritage are constructed. We named the first theme “children as bearers of culture in a national discourse”, and the other “children as creators in an aesthetic discourse.” In the discourse of the first theme, culture is portrayed as an object we can study and comprehend. These discourses have handed us the opportunity to demonstrate how children become culture bearers although they do not mention that they are creating culture – in contrast to how the second theme demonstrates how children are attributed to the position of cultural creators. The conclusions of the study show how culture and cultural heritage are presented in an unreflective way. Therefore, we highlight the need of reflection in preschool on how we – in both speech and writing – construct children with culture. It is important that children of any cultural discourses, both those identified as “children as cultural creators” and those identified as “children as bearers of culture,” as having the power to play a part in the creation of culture. The study intends to contribute to a greater awareness of how the concepts of culture and cultural heritage are constructed and reproduced in preschool.

This paper analyses – via a case study of Gabriel Djurklou’s Ur Nerikes folkspråk och folklif – the late 19th century regional Swedish cultural heritage discourse, which in the context of nationalism aimed to define an identity and evoke a sense of national kinship. The study focuses on how the use of history served to establish a conception of Swedishness based upon a specific, symbolic idea about the landscape; an idea that included aspects of both culture and nature. Michel Foucault’s theory of power and archaeological method is used to illustrate how the discourse selectively composed an idealistic national image by including certain objects and excluding others, how it determined which relational positions its subject could take in regards to other subjects and the discursive objects, and how subjects were created through a process of objectification. The idea of national identity embraced the rural landscape and peasantry, and it was spread via textual descriptions of the regional landscapes. The paper concludes that the discourse gained and exerted power through its texts, and the analysis illustrate specific ways in which history was used to evoke the sense of kinship by creating an idea about national identity.

Comment, pourquoi et par qui les traces matérielles de l’époque soviétique ont-elles, ou non, été préservées en Russie ? Depuis une quinzaine d’années, cette question suscite un intérêt croissant. Alors que le contexte post-soviétique a été largement favorisé pour interroger ces phénomènes, cette thèse montre que pour saisir le destin actuel des monuments et édifices construits en URSS, le prisme du patrimoine et l’étude sur le temps long se révèlent être féconds. Les productions monumentales et architecturales soviétiques ont en effet été mises en patrimoine dès les premières années du régime, puis pendant toute sa durée. Ce travail retrace ainsi la genèse de ces processus de patrimonialisation et explore l’évolution des enjeux que ces derniers recouvrent. Il met en lumière le fait que la constitution d’un patrimoine soviétique joua un rôle déterminant pour le régime, notamment puisqu’elle permit de construire et de contrôler sa mémoire historique. Plus généralement, cette analyse offre un éclairage sur la spécificité du rapport au temps et à l’espace en Union soviétique. Enfin, l’étude des réinvestissements de ces objets patrimoniaux depuis les années 2000 dévoile les ambiguïtés du rapport au passé, tout comme elle révèle des parentés d’acteurs et d’usages de ces derniers avec l’URSS. En somme, cette thèse entend participer à l’écriture d’une histoire culturelle de la Russie, contribuer à l’étude du concept de patrimoine dans le contexte soviétique et donner des clés de compréhension des traitements pluriels du patrimoine socialiste dans les pays post-socialistes
Why, how and by whom have the material remains of the Soviet past been preserved – or not – in Russia? In the last fifteen years, this question has aroused an increasing interest. While scholars have mostly interrogated the multiple stakes raised by Soviet-Era monuments in Post-Socialist contexts, this work contributes to explain the current situation analyzing monumental productions through the prism of heritage and with a long-term perspective. Indeed, most of the Soviet-Era sculptures and buildings were already inscribed and designated as cultural heritage during the Soviet period. This study then scrutinizes the various heritagization processes of Soviet monuments, shedding light on the variety of actors they implicated and examining the evolution of uses, roles and functions of transforming Soviet monumental productions into heritage. The making of a heritage proper to Soviet Russia was indeed consubstantial with the establishment of the Socialist regime, especially because it allowed to create and control over its historical memory. Moreover, this analysis contributes to a broader debate on the relation between heritage as a concept and the understanding of space and time in the USSR. The last part of my dissertation explores the new uses of Soviet monuments since the 2000s, revealing the continuity in terms of uses and actors with the USSR, as well as the ambiguities dealing with the Soviet past. Overall, this dissertation intends to contribute to the writing of a cultural history of Russia, to offer new perspectives on the concept of heritage in Soviet context and to give some keys of understanding of Socialist-Era monument’s treatments in Post-Socialist contexts

Ce travail porte sur l’étude de la destinée matérielle et discursive post-fermeture de deux anciennes usines de textile artificiel de la région lyonnaise : les usines Tase (Textiles Artificiels Sud-Est, au sud de la commune de Vaulx-en-Velin), et Rhodiaceta (quartier de Vaise, 9ème arrondissement de Lyon), ayant toutes deux appartenu au groupe Rhône-Poulenc jusqu’à leurfermeture conjointe en 1980. L’intérêt de recherche part du constat liminaire suivant : il s’agit de deux usines de même type qui n’ont pas connu la même trajectoire, aussi bien dans l’espace que dans les discours, à partir de cette fermeture. Nous étudions alors, sur une longue période (1980-2013), le rôle de trois scènes discursives dans cette destinée différenciée, à partir del’analyse de leur existence dans les médias locaux : scène civile, scène institutionnelle, et arène médiatique. Nous analysons les presses locale (Le Progrès), associative et territoriale (presses municipales, presse de la communauté urbaine de Lyon) qui configurent les récits sur ces anciennes usines et les représentations mémorielles et patrimoniales qui leur sont attachées.L’analyse d’une contextualité multiscalaire évolutive est fondatrice de ce travail, non seulement en tant que gouvernance de la trajectoire matérielle des usines mais également en agissant comme un prédiscours structurant les récits médiatiques les prenant pour objet : contexte territorial (économique, politique), institutionnel (extension progressive de la notion de « patrimoine »), national (évolution des gouvernements, de la législation). Enfin, l’analyse médiatique est complétée par des entretiens semi-directifs contemporains auprès d’acteurs locaux œuvrant sur ces secteurs. In fine, ce travail questionne les conditions d’une mise en visibilité discursive de ces anciens tènements industriels qui leur confèrent (ou non) une reconnaissance identitaire territoriale. Les médias locaux portent alors un certain regard sur le passé par le biais d’une « reconstruction créative » qui rend possible et configure cette reconnaissance
This work tackles the study of the material and discursive destiny of two old man-made textile factories in the Lyon area after their closing: the Tase factory based in Vaulx-en-Velin and the Rhodiaceta factory based in the 9th district of Lyon, which both belonged to the Rhône-Poulenc corporation until their closing in 1980.The starting point of this research was based on the fact that both factories were similar in many ways before their closing, yet haven’t followed the same path since then, neither according to space nor to speeches. We will therefore study the role of three discursive spheres in these differentiated paths from 1980 to 2013 –the civil sphere, the institutional sphere and the mediaarena- based on the analysis of their existence in the local media.We will analyze the local paper – Le Progrès - and the community press which told the stories of these old factories as well as the memories and heritage that are tied to their representation. This work is based on the analysis of a multi-scale evolving context which includes territory – economics and politics-, institutions –with the progressive extension of the notion of heritage-,and nation –the evolution of governments and of legislation. Finally, the media analysis is supplemented by semi-directive contemporary interviews of local players who work in these spheres. At the end of the day, this work questions the conditions in which a discursive representation of these old factories is supposed to have acknowledged them with a territorial identity. The local media have dealt with this issue from a certain past perspective, a creative reconstruction that fashioned this acknowledgement