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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Discotic molecules

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Academic literature on the topic 'Discotic molecules'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 October 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Discotic molecules"

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Zhu, Lei, Ying Wang, Wenguang Wang, Xianyao Wu, and Ti Wu. "Synthesis and research of a kind of perylene imide discoid molecule." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2226, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2226/1/012007.

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Abstract Discotic liquid crystal molecules are excellent organic semiconductor materials due to their high carrier mobility. Dibenzocoronene derivatives obtained by nuclear expansion with perylene diimide as a matrix are one of the discotic molecules. The key factor for the application of this type of molecule is that it can form stable and long-range ordered organic nano-scale thin films. It can be used as an efficient carrier transport channel. This paper intends to use the “channel effect” to obtain the corresponding long-range orderly ideal film. The “channeling effect” referred to in this article is to bond functional discoid molecules on the substrate firstly, than generate the corresponding self-assembled monomolecular membranes (SAMs) to form an ordered channel on the surface which strongly induces and restricts the discoid molecules that arranged in parallel and orderly with each other along the “channels” created on the surface of the SAMs. Perylene diimide derivatives are a kind of good electron transport materials, which are characterized by high carrier mobility, low processing cost, and good thermal stability. However, it has the large rigid core and the melting point is relatively high. In this paper, a monobenzocoperylene diimide derivative is designed and synthesized, which will have a strong effect on the surface of the silicon substrate, and reduce the molecular melting point by reducing the size of the perylene imide discotic molecular core expansion.

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Jing, Tammy. "Alkynyl-Containing Discotic Liquid Crystal Molecules." Science Insights 41, no. 3 (August 28, 2022): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re075.

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Under specific circumstances, organized columnar phases can be formed from the planar discoid shapes of the molecules that make up discotic liquid crystals. These materials offer unusual features because of their distinct columnar phase structure. They are utilized in organic semiconductors, liquid crystal magnetic materials, and photoelectric conversion. It has numerous applications, so researchers are paying more and more attention to it. In this paper, the effects of alkynyl groups on the properties of discotic liquid crystals at various positions are emphatically discussed. The main focus is on the alkynyl-containing discotic liquid crystal molecules and their properties reported in domestic and foreign literature in the past ten years.

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Mi, Yong Sheng, Zhou Yang, Dong Wang, Peng Xia Liang, and Zhao Kui Jin. "Self-Assembly Micro-Nanostructures of Discotic Organic Molecules." Applied Mechanics and Materials 331 (July 2013): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.331.567.

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A series of discotic organic molecules with different substituents have been successfully synthesized. The structures of these compounds were fully characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR and MS. Their optical and electrical properties were investigated by means of Uv-vis absorption, fluorescence emission and cyclic voltammogram. By exploring the self-assembly behavior of different substituted discotic molecules through method of solvent exchange-evaporation, organic micro-nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanorods were obtained through supramolecular self-assembly. In order to investigate the applications of these discotic organic molecules, the relationship of molecular design, structural design and material properties has been studied based on the experimental work.

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Joshi, Ashutosh, V. Manjuladevi, Raj Kumar Gupta, and Sandeep Kumar. "Nanoribbons of discotic liquid crystal molecules." Materials Today: Proceedings 46 (2021): 5866–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.736.

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Hesse, H. C., D. Lembke, L. Dössel, X. Feng, K. Müllen, and L. Schmidt-Mende. "Nanostructuring discotic molecules on ITO support." Nanotechnology 22, no. 5 (December 23, 2010): 055303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/5/055303.

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Perea, Eva, Francisco López-Calahorra, Dolores Velasco, and Heino Finkelmann. "Polysubstituted N-Arylcarbazoles as Discotic Molecules." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 365, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587250108025348.

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Mishra, Mirtunjai, Bhavna Pal, Asmita Shah, Dharmendra Pratap Singh, Devendra Singh, and Devesh Kumar. "Theoretical prediction (DFT) and experimental observation of electronic and electro-optical properties of HATn (n = 5,6,7,8) molecules for optoelectronic applications." Physica Scripta 99, no. 4 (March 11, 2024): 045921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad2e5d.

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Abstract The formation of triphenylene core-based discotic mesogens exhibiting a classical columnar phase led to several superior electronic and optoelectronic applications. The present work reports the theoretical investigation of discotic hexaalkoxytriphenylene (HATn; n = 5, 6, 7, 8) mesogens including electro-optical, electronic, and thermodynamic properties using density functional theory (DFT) as a computational quantum mechanical tool. The various physical and chemical properties of these mesogens, such as electronegativity, specific heat capacity, polarizability, absorption, and dipole moment are calculated computationally and discussed in the study. The simulation study reveals the variation in physical properties either follows the odd–even effect or changes monotonically for HATn series. Experiment has been performed for comparison with the theoretical results. The physical and chemical properties of these discotic mesogens change with alkyl chain length variation and explain the structure–property correlation in the molecules. The obtained results of the designed molecular structure held promising applications for optoelectronic devices based on discotic mesogens.

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Kohne, Bernd, Klaus Praefcke, Werner Stephan, and Peter Nürnberg. "Discotische Flüssigkristalle: Beziehung zwischen Molekülstruktur und discogenen Eigenschaften scheibenförmiger Verbindungen, nicht-flüssigkristalline Ester des myo-Inosits und des Mytilits [1,2]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-0722.

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Abstract A modified synthesis of mytilitol and the synthesis of various esters of the cyclitols myo-inositol (la) and mytilitol (2a) is described. Because of steric reasons all these derivatives of the two naturally occuring compounds exhibit no discotic mesophases. For instance, in comparison to mesomorphous scyllitol hexaesters already the methyl group perpendicular to the molecular core in the analogous hexaesters 2b-d of mytilitol suppresses discotic liquid crystalline character totally. This effect is discussed in connection to the relationship of mesomorphism with chemical structure of disc-shaped molecules.

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Savintseva, Liana, Alexander Avdoshin, Stanislav Ignatov, and Alexander Novikov. "Theoretical Study of Charge Mobility in Crystal Porphine and a Computer Design of a Porphine-Based Semiconductive Discotic Liquid Mesophase." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010736.

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Organic semiconductors are the focus of numerous studies; they are used in electronic devices. Modern research involves the production of neuromorphic organic materials, including those based on liquid crystal materials. The purpose of this work involves the theoretical modeling of molecules (the “core with branches” type) to construct a discotic mesophase capable of performing the functions of a neuromorphic material. For this purpose, the conductivity of crystal porphine, which can act as the nucleus of a molecule of the “core with branches” type, was investigated. The Marcus theory charge mobility values for the hole and electron were 0.148 and 0.088 cm2/V·s, respectively (the MOO method for calculating transfer integrals), and 0.561 and 0.160 cm2/V·s (DIPRO method). Based on TD-HF (HF-3c level of theory) calculations, possible structures of molecules for the formation of a discotic mesophase are proposed.

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Zarragoicoechea, G. J., D. Levesque, and J. J. Weis. "Monte Carlo simulations of polar discotic molecules." Molecular Physics 78, no. 6 (April 20, 1993): 1475–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268979300100971.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Discotic molecules"

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Li, Mingxuan. "Self-Assemble of Novel Discotic Nano-Molecules Based on Polyhedraloligomericsilsesquioxanes." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1399242960.

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Carswell, Robert John. "Synthesis of liquid crystalline oligopeptides and discotic molecules designed for additional structure formation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366800.

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Pignier, Vincent. "Vers une electrode organique sans additif conducteur pour le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024DUNK0707.

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Dans un contexte de transition énergétique, la demande de dispositif de stockage de l'énergie s'est considérablement accrue. La batterie à ions lithium est devenue un acteur emblématique de la transition énergétique. Toutefois, les électrodes constitutives de ces dernières sont exclusivement composé d'élément métallique et donc non renouvelable. Afin de rendre la transition énergétique pérenne, il est nécessaire de développer de nouvelles technologies moins impactantes et moins couteuses environnementalement parlant. Les électrodes organiques ont fait l'objet de nombreuses recherches et semblent être une alternative intéressante pour parvenir à cet objectif. Toutefois, un frein reste à lever : la faible conductivité électrique des matériaux organiques. Ce problème induit la nécessité d'ajouter de grandes quantités d'additif conducteur au sein de l'électrode, diminuant sa densité énergétique. Cette thèse a eu pour objectif de développer un nouveau type de matériaux organiques d'électrodes pouvant surmonter cette difficulté. Notre première piste de recherche s'est portée sur les pérylènes diimide (PDI), dont leurs coeurs polyaromatiques induisent une conformation planaire à la molécule. Cette propriété permet à ce type de molécules de "s'auto-assembler" sous la forme d'un matériau colonnaire par le biais de fortes interactions π,π. Cette organisation dote le matériau de propriétés semi-conductrices. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse a été marqué par la synthèse d'une large gamme de PDI et l'étude de leurs propriétés électrochimiques en configuration demi-pile. Par la suite, une étude approfondie de la réactivité électrochimique du meilleur candidat a été menée par diverses méthodes de caractérisation (microscopie électronique, infrarouge, diffractions aux rayons X, ...) afin de comprendre le mécanisme électrochimique de ce matériau pendant un cycle de charde/décharge. Il a été observé que la réduction du matériau engendre un phénomène de déstructuration de l'empilement colonnaire du matériau induisant une perte progressive de la conductivité électronique. Sur cette base, deux grands axes se sont ouverts, l'augmentation de la taille du coeur et l'externalisation de fonction électroactive. Le troisième chapitre traite de l'élargissement du coeur polyaromatique avec 4 nouvelles cibles moléculaires pouvant présenter des propriétés intéressantes. Ce chapitre y décrit leurs synthèses ainsi que les résultats électrochimiques préliminaires obtenus. Enfin, le dernier chapitre porte sur l'externalisation des fonctions électroactives en dehors du coeur de pérylène à travers deux approches. La première consiste à conserver la structure du PDI avec une substitution TEMPO permettant de travailler à haut potentiel et ainsi ne pas affecter les fonctions imides liées au coeur. La seconde est la création d'une plateforme moléculaire à partir d'un coeur de pérylène présentant des extrémités chlorées pouvant être modifiées par l'ajout de molécule organique électroactive déjà présentes dans la littérature
In a context of energy transition, the demand for energy storage devices has increased considerably. The lithium-ion battery has becom an emblematic player in the energy transition. However, the constitutent electrodes of the latter are exclusively composed of metallic elements and therefore non-renewable. In order to make the energy transition sustainable, it is necessary to develop new technologies that are less impactfull and less costly environmentally speaking. Organic electrodes have been the subject of much research and seem to be an interesting alternative to achieve this objective. However, an obstacle remains to be removed : the low electrical conductivity of organic materials. This problem induces the need to add large quantities of conductive additive within the electrode, reducing its energy density. This thesis aimed to develop a new type of organic electrode materials that could overcome this difficulty. Our first line of research focused on perylene diimide (PDI), whose polyaromatic cores induce a planar conformation to the molecule. This property allows this type of molecules to "self-assemble" in the form of a columnar material through strong π,π interactions. This organization endows the material with semiconductor properties. The first chapter of this thesis was marked by the synthesis of a wide range of PDIs and the study of their electrochemical properties in half-cell configuration. Subsequently, an in-depth study of the electrochemical reactivity of the best candidate was carried out by various characterization methods (electron microscopy, infrared, X-ray diffractions, etc.) in order to understand the electrochemical mechanism of this material during a charge/discharge cycle. It was observed that the reduction of the material generates a phenomenon of destructuring of the columnar stack of the material, inducing a progressive loss of electronic conductivity. On this basis, two main axes have opened up, the increase in the size of the core and the externalization of electroactive function. The third chapter deals with the enlargement of the polyaromatic core with 4 new molecular targets that may present interesting properties. This chapter describes their syntheses as well as the preliminary electrochemical results obtained. Finally, the last chapter focuses on the externalization of electroactive functions outside the perylene core through two approaches. The first consists of retaining the structure of the PDI with a TEMPO substitution allowing it to work at high potential and thus not affect the imide functions linked to the heart. The second is the creation of a molecular platform from a perylene core with chlorinated ends that can be modified by the addition of electroactive organic molecules already present in the literature

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Xia, Wei. "Molecular Structural and Electrical Characterization of Rodlike Aggregates of Discotic Phthalocyanines." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1097%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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De, Luca Marc Dominic. "Molecular dynamics simulations of calamitic and discotic liquid crystals." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1997. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3187/.

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Significant progress has been made in recent years in modelling liquid crystal phases using the Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation techniques. We describe the technique of molecular dynamics in the microcanonical ensemble that we have used in simulations of liquid crystal systems. A review and discussion of some of the important simulations that have been performed to date on non-spherical hard particle models, soft anisotropic single site models, and realistic atom-atom based models is presented. We report the results of molecular dynamics simulation studies of a system of particles interacting via an anisotropic potential proposed by Luckhurst and Romano, scaled by part of the well depth formulation employed by Gay and Berne. The resultant hybrid Gay-Berne Luckhurst-Romano (HGBLR) potential has an approximately spherical hard core with anisotropic long range attractive interactions with a dependency on the intermolecular vector joining a pair of sites. The spherical hard core nature of individual HGBLR centres notwithstanding we have parameterised single-site HGBLR centres to represent both calarnitic and discotic mesogens. Both systems are shown to exhibit a range of mesophases on cooling from the isotropic liquid to form a crystal, including uniaxial-nematic and columnar-like phases. Unlike previous hard particle studies these ordered phases obtain because of the presence of the long range attractive interactions. A comparison between the different structures formed with the two different parameterisations is presented including graphical representations of the simulation cell . In order to more closely represent the short range anisotropic interactions of real mesogens, a 3-HGBLR-site model has been parameterised to represent the mesogen para-terphenyl. Details of the parameterisation are discussed. Two versions of this model, a twisted central site 3-HGBLR-site site model obtained from a molecular mechanics minimum energy conformation of para-terphenyl, and an all coplanar 3-HGBLR-site site model have been studied using the molecular dynamics technique. The resultant models are found to be biaxial unlike previous anisotropic single site studies utilising soft potentials. Both models appear to exhibit a variety of uniaxial and biaxial mesophases but inclusion of the twisted site appears to promote the formation of biaxial phases. A comparison of the two models is made.

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McNeill, Andrew. "Discotic liquid crystals as molecular wire interconnects in 3D stacked computer chips." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410957.

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Tomović, Željko. "New discotic liquid crystals based on large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as materials for molecular electronics." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975919792.

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Shen, Xiaodong. "Study of molecular order and dynamics in calamitic and discotic liquid crystals by ²H NMR." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0028/NQ32889.pdf.

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Rigby, Adam. "The computer simulation of discotic and rod-like phase transitions for a range of molecular shapes and sizes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-computer-simulation-ofdiscotic-and-rodlike-phasetransitions-for-a-range-ofmolecular-shapes-and-sizes(9c5b9645-e4c2-440a-b0ec-3533636dd1e9).html.

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In 1970, Freiser made the theoretical prediction that a biaxial nematic phase could exist. In auniaxial nematic, only one particle axis is aligned but with a biaxial nematic, all three molecular axes are aligned. This phase is expected to occur for particle whose shape is intermediate between that of a disc and a rod. Board and bent-core particles are examples of such structures. Despite extensive experimental investigation, however, very few biaxial nematic systems have been found. Yu and Saupe [21] have shown the occurrence of a biaxial nematic phase generated for a lyotropic system. Similarly van der Pol observed a biaxial nematic phase in a colloidal suspension of board-like goethite particles [22]. For thermotropic, molecular systems, however, the situation is less clear-cut. Merkel et al., [23] and Figueirinhas et al., [24] claim that Tetrapodes have can exhibit a biaxial nematic phase, whilst Acharya et al., [25] and Prasad et al., [26] have also suggested the occurrence of this same phase with bent-core molecules, though experimental uncertainty still exist. With regards to theoretical predictions of the biaxial nematic transition, one notes in particular the work of Taylor and Herzfeld [13] on hard sphero-platelets, which predicts a rich phase diagram, notably containing an unusual discotic smectic phase. To date there are few simulations of board-like models, such as Vanakaras et al., [27] being arecent exception, developing a phase diagram for hard board-like colloids. Similarly, Escobedo[28] has produced a phase diagram of hard cuboids. We present molecular dynamics simulation results on a short range repulsive fused-hexagonmodel, somewhat resembling hard boards. Depending on the geometry of the board, we observe uniaxial and biaxial nematics, smectics A and C, a biaxial smectic phase and a columnar phase. Possibly the most interesting result is the existence of the theoretically predicted discoticsmectic. We further investigated the effect of applying both external fields and shears to several of the structures. The former, among other things, aided the alignment of the particles in the phase, removing dislocations. The shear was also seen to increase biaxial ordering, however, it also demonstrates an ability to introduce clear layer fractures, seen when shearing forces became overly dominant. An applied electrical field was able to induce isotropic!biaxial nematic and biaxial smectic switching. Finally we consider briefly less-symmetric arrangements of fused hexagons, including chiral particles. These systems proved hard to equilibrate but discotic nematic phases were observed for certain structures. Chiral clusters were also observed, however, no globally chiral phase was found. Columnar structures were also seen, but showing a weak overall alignment as columnstended to point along several directions.

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Su, Xiaolu. "Engineering, Synthesis, and Characterization of New Multi-lamellar Liquid Crystalline Molecular Architectures based on Discotic and Calamitic π-Conjugated Mesogens." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066392/document.

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Grace à leurs propriétés d’auto-réparation et d’auto-organisation, les matériaux pi-conjugués liquide-cristallins (LCs) présentent un grand intérêt pour l’élaboration de matériaux semi-conducteurs à hautes performances. Ils peuvent être utilisés pour différents types d’applications en électronique organique telles que les cellules solaires (OPV), les diodes électroluminescentes (OLED) et les transistors à effet de champs (OFET). Dans ce travail, nous avons conçu et préparé une nouvelle famille de LCs combinant des entités pi-conjuguées de type calamitique et discotique au sein d’une architecture moléculaire unique. Plus particulièrement, nous avons imaginé trois différentes architectures telles que des dyades et triades linéaires et des triades ramifiées, incluant des dérivés discotiques de pérylène ou de triphénylène et des dérivés calamitiques de terthiophène, de benzothienobenzothiophène ou encore de pyromellitique. L’objectif était d’étudier leurs comportements liquide-cristallins et leurs propriétés d’auto-organisation et de transport de charges.Les résultats obtenus ont montré que ces matériaux donnent des auto-assemblages complexes formant des arrangements multi-lamellaires de bicouches, dans lesquelles les entités calamitiques et discotiques présentent une organisation dans le plan. De plus, en choisissant judicieusement les entités pi-conjuguées calamitiques et discotiques (type-p ou type-n), nous avons démontré que ce type de matériaux auto-organisés peut présenter des propriétés de transport de charge ambipolaire en formant des chemins distincts pour chaque type de charge (trou et électron) par nano-ségrégation de ces entités de type p et de type n
Due to their self-healing ability and their self-organization property, pi-conjugated liquid crystals (LCs) are materials of great interest to prepare high performance semiconducting materials. They can be used in different types of organic electronic applications such as solar cells (OPV), Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLED) and Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFET). In this work, we were interested in designing and preparing a novel family of LCs combining π-conjugated discotic and calamitic moieties in a unique molecular architecture. More particularly, we designed three different molecular architectures based on a linear dyad, triad and a branched triad, which include discotic triphenylene or perylene and calamitic terthiophene, benzothienobenzothiophene or pyromellitic moieties. The objective was to study their liquid crystalline behaviors and their self-organization and charge transport properties.Based on our results, we demonstrated that these materials can form complex self-assemblies in the bulk such as multi-lamellar arrangements presenting bilayered lamellar phases with in-layer organization of both calamitic and discotic species. In addition, based on the appropriate choice of the disk- and rod-like π-conjugated cores (p-type or n-type), we showed that this kind of self-organized materials could exhibit ambipolar charge transport properties, presenting a spontaneous nanosegregation of p-type and n-type entities in bulk, and leading to well-defined distinct conductive channels for each type of charge carriers (hole and electron)

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Books on the topic "Discotic molecules"

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Handbook of Liquid Crystals, Handbook of Liquid Crystals: Low Molecular Weight Liquid Crystals II: Discotic and Non-Conventional Liquid Crystals. Wiley-VCH, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Discotic molecules"

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Brunsveld, L., E. W. Meijer, A. E. Rowan, and R. J. M. Nolte. "Chiral Discotic Molecules: Expression and Amplification of Chirality." In Materials-Chirality, 373–423. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471471895.ch6.

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Perova, T. S., J. K. Vij, and A. Kocot. "Structure and Orientation of Molecules in Discotic Liquid Crystals Using Infrared Spectroscopy." In Advances in Chemical Physics, 341–486. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470141724.ch9.

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Metze, Dieter, Tam Nguyen, Birgit Haack, Alexander K. C. Leung, Noriko Miyake, Naomichi Matsumoto, A. J. Larner, et al. "Discoid Eczema." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 537. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_7765.

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Boden, N., R. J. Bushby, J. Clements, R. Luo, and K. J. Donovan. "Design Principles for Engineering Conducting Discotic Liquid Crystals." In Molecular Engineering for Advanced Materials, 147–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8575-0_8.

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Bala, Indu, Joydip De, and Santanu Kumar Pal. "Functional Discotic Liquid Crystals Through Molecular Self-Assembly: Toward Efficient Charge Transport Systems." In Molecular Architectonics and Nanoarchitectonics, 89–130. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4189-3_5.

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Luz, Z., D. Goldfarb, E. Lifshitz, and H. Zimmermann. "Dynamical and Structural Characteristics of Biaxial Discotic Mesophases by Deuterium NMR." In Advanced Magnetic Resonance Techniques in Systems of High Molecular Complexity, 253–67. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8521-3_20.

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Gujarathi, Nayan Ashok, Bhushan Rajendra Rane, and Raj K. Keservani. "Liquid Crystalline System." In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice, 190–216. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0751-2.ch008.

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Liquid crystalline system is a thermodynamically stable phase which is characterized by anisotropy. Liquid Crystals (LCs) are also termed as mesophase as they exhibit isotropic properties and liquid like behavior under some conditions (alter in temperature and concentration). Liquid crystals are influenced by number of parameters includes concentration, temperature, pH, and presence of salt. Liquid crystals are divided on the basis of shape of the molecules into two groups one is calmitic and other is discotic. A range of liquid crystalline phase (called mesophases) can be categorized by their sort of arrangement. The alignment of fragments in liquid crystalline phases is extensive on the molecular scale. Liquid crystal technology has a most important influence on several areas of pharmacy science and engineering, as well as device technology. As a novel type of drug delivery system, liquid crystals are explored and examined, definitely achieve mounting significance in industrial and scientific purposes.

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Praefcke, K. "Liquid Crystals, Molecular Design of: Discotics." In Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, 4559–70. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/00798-1.

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Wilkinson, J. Michael. "Monoclonal antibodies to platelet cell surface antigens and their use." In Platelets, 155–72. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199635382.003.0008.

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Abstract The introduction of the technique of monoclonal antibody (mAb) preparation in 1975 revolutionized the study of cell surface molecules, and this has been as true for platelets as for any other type of cell. mAb have been used both to characterize molecules previously defined by other methods and also to identify new molecules, by immunization of mice with whole platelets or platelet plasma membrane fractions. Like any other cell type, platelets express a wide variety of cell surface proteins whose surface density may vary from tens to tens of thousands of molecules per cell. Many of the major surface glycoproteins are involved in the wide variety of adhesive interactions which platelets are able to undergo (1) and whose activity is tightly controlled during platelet activation. This control may be by conformational changes in existing cell surface molecules, notably in GPilb-Illa to reveal its fibrinogen (Fg) binding site, or by modulation of the level of cell surface expression, as for the platelet selectin, GMP 140. Other major surface glycoproteins, such as the CD9 antigen, have, as yet, no known or well defined function. There are in addition many minor surface proteins, which include receptors of various types and many other molecules of unknown function. mAb may thus be used for the definition of those proteins which are present on the surface of either resting or activated platelets, both in qualitative or quantitative terms. They may also be used for affinity purification, as described in Chapter 7, for further structural and functional characterization. In addition, the exquisite specificity of mAb for a single epitope on a particular protein means that they can be used as probes for particular structures or functions. A variety of mAb has been described, some of which are able to inhibit aggregation and activation while others are able to promote these functions. Hence they are ideal reagents for the characterization of the activities which are responsible for the transformation of resting discoid platelets into multicellular aggregates.

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Conference papers on the topic "Discotic molecules"

1

Chiang, Cheng-Yan, Ya-Ting Hu, Chi Wi Ong, and Wenjun Zheng. "Molecular orientation of discotic molecules controlled using self-assembled monolayer films." In OPTO, edited by Robert L. Nelson, François Kajzar, and Toshikuni Kaino. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.839415.

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2

Park, Ji Hyun, Massimiliano Labardi, and Giusy Scalia. "Molecular wires from discotic liquid crystals." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Liang-Chy Chien, Antonio M. Figueiredo Neto, Kristiaan Neyts, and Masanori Ozaki. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2049178.

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3

Zheng, Wenjun, Cheng-Yan Chiang, Chi Wi Ong, Su-Chih Liao, and Jia-Yu Huang. "Temperature control molecular stacking of discotic liquid crystal in columnar mesophase." In International Congress on Optics and Optoelectronics, edited by Milada Glogarova, Peter Palffy-Muhoray, and Martin Copic. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.722795.

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4

Park, Ji Hyun, Kyung Ho Kim, Yoichi Takanishi, Jun Yamamoto, Yung Woo Park, Youn Sang Kim, and Giusy Scalia. "Self-assembling of molecular nanowires for enhancing the conducting properties of discotic liquid crystals." In SPIE Nanoscience + Engineering, edited by Akhlesh Lakhtakia, Tom G. Mackay, and Motofumi Suzuki. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2188078.

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5

Zheng, Wenjun, Ya-Ting Hu, Cheng-Yan Chiang, and Chi Wi Ong. "Molecular stacking of discotic liquid crystals on the surfaces treated by O 2 plasma." In Photonic Devices + Applications, edited by Iam Choon Khoo. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.793517.

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6

Wang, Qi, M. Gregory Forest, and Ruihai Zhou. "A Hydrodynamic Theory for Solutions of Nonhomogeneous Nematic Liquid Crystalline Polymers With Density Variations." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32189.

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The hydrodynamic theory developed in [31] for solutions of nonhomogeneous nematic liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) of spheroidal molecular configurations is extended to account for translational diffusion and the related spatial density variation. The new theory augments the added effect of the density variation to the Smoluchowski equation and the elastic stress. It accounts for the molecular aspect ratio as well as the finite range molecular interaction so that it is applicable to liquid crystals ranging from the rodlike liquid crystal at large aspect ratios to the discotic one at small aspect ratios. It also exhibits enhanced shape effects in the viscous stress and warrants a positive entropy production, thereby, the second law of thermodynamics. Moment averaged, approximate, mesoscopic theories for complex flow simulations are obtained via closure approximations.

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7

Zhao, Ke-Qing, Bi-Qin Wang, Ping Hu, Fu-Jing Yuan, Cai-Yan Gao, Hui-Rong Li, Wen-Hao Yu, Hong-Mei Chen, and Xin-Ling Wang. "Synthesis of Mixed Tail Triphenylene Discotic Liquid Crystals: Molecular Symmetry and Oxygen-Atom Effect on the Stabilization of Columnar Mesophases." In The 9th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-9-01650.

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