Journal articles: 'Disclosure of mental illness'

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Moore, Donna, Nicholas Drey, and Susan Ayers. "Use of Online Forums for Perinatal Mental Illness, Stigma, and Disclosure: An Exploratory Model." JMIR Mental Health 4, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5926.

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Background Perinatal mental illness is a global health concern; however, many women with the illness do not get the treatment they need to recover. Interventions that reduce the stigma around perinatal mental illness have the potential to enable women to disclose their symptoms to health care providers and consequently access treatment. There are many online forums for perinatal mental illness and thousands of women use them. Preliminary research suggests that online forums may promote help-seeking behavior, potentially because they have a role in challenging stigma. This study draws from these findings and theoretical concepts to present a model of forum use, stigma, and disclosure. Objective This study tested a model that measured the mediating role of stigma between online forum use and disclosure of affective symptoms to health care providers. Methods A Web-based survey of 200 women who were pregnant or had a child younger than 5 years and considered themselves to be experiencing psychological distress was conducted. Women were recruited through social media and questions measured forum usage, perinatal mental illness stigma, disclosure to health care providers, depression and anxiety symptoms, barriers to disclosure, and demographic information. Results There was a significant positive indirect effect of length of forum use on disclosure of symptoms through internal stigma, b=0.40, bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) 95% CI 0.13-0.85. Long-term forum users reported higher levels of internal stigma, and higher internal stigma was associated with disclosure of symptoms to health care providers when controlling for symptoms of depression and anxiety. Conclusions Internal stigma mediates the relationship between length of forum use and disclosure to health care providers. Findings suggest that forums have the potential to enable women to recognize and reveal their internal stigma, which may in turn lead to greater disclosure of symptoms to health care providers. Clinicians could refer clients to trustworthy and moderated online forums that facilitate expression of perinatal mental illness stigma and promote disclosure to health care providers.

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Pahwa, Rohini, Anthony Fulginiti, John S. Brekke, and Eric Rice. "Mental illness disclosure decision making." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 87, no. 5 (2017): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ort0000250.

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Bril-Barniv, Shani, Galia S. Moran, Adi Naaman, David Roe, and Orit Karnieli-Miller. "A Qualitative Study Examining Experiences and Dilemmas in Concealment and Disclosure of People Living With Serious Mental Illness." Qualitative Health Research 27, no. 4 (October 24, 2016): 573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732316673581.

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People with mental illnesses face the dilemma of whether to disclose or conceal their diagnosis, but this dilemma was scarcely researched. To gain in-depth understanding of this dilemma, we interviewed 29 individuals with mental illnesses: 16 with major depression/bipolar disorders and 13 with schizophrenia. Using a phenomenological design, we analyzed individuals’ experiences, decision-making processes, and views of gains and costs regarding concealment and disclosure of mental illness. We found that participants employed both positive and negative disclosure/concealment practices. Positive practices included enhancing personal recovery, community integration, and/or supporting others. Negative practices occurred in forced, uncontrolled situations. We also identified various influencing factors, including familial norms of sharing, accumulated experiences with disclosure, and ascribed meaning to diagnosis. Based on these findings, we deepen the understanding about decision-making processes and the consequences of disclosing or concealing mental illness. We discuss how these finding can help consumers explore potential benefits and disadvantages of mental illness disclosure/concealment occurrences.

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Sengupta, Brishti, and Pritha Dasgupta. "Attitudes surrounding the disclosure of mental illness." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S288—S289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.767.

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AimsTo survey the effect of COVID-19 on mental health of both medical professionals and the general population, as well as attitudes surrounding the disclosure of mental illness.MethodAn online survey comprised of two questionnaires, one for medical professionals and one for the general population, were conducted via social media. Both questionnaires asked respondents of the effect of COVID-19 on their mental health, and the former asked respondents about the effect of COVID-19 on their patient group's mental health. The questionnaires went on to ask respondents about their attitudes to mental health disclosure in various scenarios, to varying groups of people. The general population group was also asked how they would react if someone else disclosed their mental illness to them.ResultThe questionnaire for the medical professionals gained 62 respondents and the one for the general population had 122 respondents, with responses from multiple nations. Overall, COVID-19 has affected everyone's mental health to a degree, and all groups had reservations about disclosing their mental health issues to others. The medical professionals were especially reluctant to disclose mental illness to their patients, but were more comfortable when it came to disclosing mental illness to colleagues. The general population, however, was much more reluctant to disclose mental health issues to their colleagues. The general population were, on the whole, willing to listen to and help anyone who came to them with mental health concerns. Both groups surveyed showed reluctance toward disclosure to the wider community.ConclusionCOVID-19 appears to significantly affect not only physical health, but mental health as well. There is at least some degree of stigma surrounding the disclosure of mental health issues. While most would be happy to help anyone who came to them with their mental health problems, there seems to be an attitude shift when people must contend with mental health issues of their own.

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Corrigan, Patrick, Blythe Buchholz, Patrick J. Michaels, and Sue McKenzie. "Adults’ perceptions about whether children should disclose their mental illness." Journal of Public Mental Health 15, no. 4 (December 19, 2016): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-03-2016-0012.

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Purpose Disclosure of mental illness is a key ingredient in contact-based public stigma change strategies. Adults who disclose their personal recovery story experience greater empowerment and heightened quality of life. Qualitative research suggests youth may similarly benefit, but also have unique benefits and costs associated with disclosure. The purpose of this paper is to examine adults’ perceived costs and benefits of mental illness disclosure for middle and high school students with a new measure, the Coming Out with Mental Illness Scale for Children (COMIS-Child). Design/methodology/approach In total, 300 adult participants from Amazon’s MTurk completed the COMIS-Child, the Beliefs about Disclosure Scale (BDS), assessing perceptions about child disclosure, and the Attribution Questionnaire, assessing public stigma. Findings Principal component analyses of the COMIS-Child yielded one factor representing disclosure costs and two factors for benefits (changing pubic stigma; person-defined benefits). Internal consistencies of the COMIS-Child factors were strong. Parents with children with mental illness endorsed more costs and fewer benefits from the changing public stigma factor than other respondents. Regression analyses showed decisions about youth disclosing mental illness from the BDS were associated with perceived costs, perceived benefits as personally defined, and public stigma. Disclosure beliefs were also inversely associated with public stigma. Social implications Adults who identify more costs and fewer benefits were less likely to believe youth should disclose, favoring a more conservative approach to youth disclosure. This highlights the importance of participating in self-stigma interventions that guide an individual’s decision making about disclosure. Originality/value To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study examining adults’ perceptions of youth disclosure of mental illness.

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Moore, Donna, Susan Ayers, and Nicholas Drey. "A Thematic Analysis of Stigma and Disclosure for Perinatal Depression on an Online Forum." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 2 (May 19, 2016): e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5611.

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Background Perinatal mental illness is a global health concern; however, many women do not get the treatment they need to recover. Some women choose not to seek professional help and get no treatment because they feel stigmatized. Online forums for various health conditions, including perinatal mental health, can be beneficial for members. Little is known about the role that online forums for perinatal mental illness play in reducing stigma and subsequent disclosure of symptoms to health care providers and treatment uptake. Objective This study aimed to examine stigma and disclosure in forums and describe any potential disadvantages of forum use. Methods An online forum for mothers was examined and 1546 messages extracted from 102 threads from the antenatal and postnatal depression section. These messages were subjected to deductive systematic thematic analysis to identify common themes regarding stigma and disclosure of symptoms and potential disadvantages of forum use. Results Two major themes were identified: stigma and negative experiences of disclosure. Stigma had 3 subthemes: internal stigma, external stigma, and treatment stigma. Many women were concerned about feeling like a “bad” or “failed” mother and worried that if they disclosed their symptoms to a health care provider they would be stigmatized. Posts in response to this frequently encouraged women to disclose their symptoms to health care providers and accept professional treatment. Forum discourse reconstructed the ideology of motherhood as compatible with perinatal mental illness, especially if the woman sought help and adhered to treatment. Many women overcame stigma and replied that they had taken advice and disclosed to a health care provider and/or taken treatment. Conclusions Forum use may increase women's disclosure to health care providers by challenging their internal and external stigma and this may strengthen professional treatment uptake and adherence. However, a few posts described negative experiences when disclosing to health care providers.

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Hassan, Tariq Mahmood, Tanya Tran, Mir Nadeem Mazhar, Nam Doan, Tariq Munshi, Neeraj Bajaj, Dianne Groll, and Niall Galbraith. "Attitudes of Canadian psychiatry residents if mentally ill: awareness, barriers to disclosure, and help-seeking preferences." Canadian Medical Education Journal 7, no. 2 (October 18, 2016): e14-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.36637.

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Background: The medical culture is defined by mental illness stigma, non-disclosure, and avoidance of professional treatment. Little research has explored attitudes and help-seeking behaviors of psychiatry trainees if they were to become mentally ill.Method: Psychiatry residents (n = 106) from training centres across Ontario, Canada completed a postal survey on their attitudes, barriers to disclosure, and help-seeking preferences in the context of hypothetically becoming mentally ill.Results: Thirty-three percent of respondents reported personal history of mental illness and the frequency of mental illness by year of training did not significantly differ. The most popular first contact for disclosure of mental illness was family and friends (n = 61, 57.5%). Frequent barriers to disclosure included career implications (n = 39, 36.8%), stigma (n = 11, 10.4%), and professional standing (n = 15, 14.2%). Personal history of mental illness was the only factor associated with in-patient treatment choice, with those with history opting for more formal advice versus informal advice.Conclusions: At the level of residency training, psychiatrists are reporting barriers to disclosure and help-seeking if they were to experience mental illness. A majority of psychiatry residents would only disclose to informal supports. Those with a history of mental illness would prefer formal treatment services over informal services.

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Niska, Miira, Melisa Stevanovic, Elina Weiste, Tommi Ostrovskij, Taina Valkeapää, and Camilla Lindholm. "Self-Disclosure and Non-Communication: Stigma Management in Third-Sector Transitional Employment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 11840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211840.

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People who are recovering from a mental illness often have difficulties finding and maintaining employment. One of the main reasons for these difficulties is the negative label, or stigma, attached to mental illnesses. People who possess stigmatizing characteristics may use compensatory stigma management strategies to reduce discrimination. Due to mental illnesses’ invisible characteristics, information control is an important stigma management strategy. People can often choose whether they disclose or non-communicate their illness. Nevertheless, it might be difficult to decide when and to whom to disclose or non-communicate the stigma. Since stigma management is a dilemmatic process, workers in mental health services play an important role in informing their clients of when it is best to disclose or non-communicate their illness. In this article, we adopt the perspective of discursive social psychology to investigate how workers of one mental health service programme evaluate and construct self-disclosure and non-communication as stigma management strategies. We demonstrate how these workers recommend non-communication and formulate strict stipulations for self-disclosure. At the same time, they differentiate non-communication from lying or providing false information. The study contributes to an improved understanding of stigma management in contemporary mental health services.

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Davidson, Larry. "Employment and Workplace Disclosure of Mental Illness." Psychiatric Services 71, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.71805.

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Chen, Fang-pei, Grace Ying-Chi Lai, and Lawrence Yang. "Mental illness disclosure in Chinese immigrant communities." Journal of Counseling Psychology 60, no. 3 (2013): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032620.

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Yoshii, Hatsumi. "Reasons for Workplace Mental Illness Disclosure and Non-Disclosure in Japan." Health 06, no. 14 (2014): 1780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2014.614210.

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Corrigan, Patrick W., Kristin A. Kosyluk, Fred Markowitz, Robyn Lewis Brown, Bridget Conlon, Jo Rees, Jessica Rosenberg, Sarah Ellefson, and Maya Al-Khouja. "Mental illness stigma and disclosure in college students." Journal of Mental Health 25, no. 3 (November 26, 2015): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2015.1101056.

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Kahn, Nancy E. "Self-Disclosure of Serious Illness." Contemporary Psychoanalysis 39, no. 1 (January 2003): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107530.2003.10747199.

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Venville, Annie. "Risky business: Mental illness, disclosure and the TAFE student." International Journal of Training Research 8, no. 2 (December 2010): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/ijtr.8.2.128.

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Mulfinger, Nadine, Nicolas Rüsch, Philipp Bayha, Sabine Müller, Isabel Böge, Vehbi Sakar, and Silvia Krumm. "Secrecy versus disclosure of mental illness among adolescents: I. The perspective of adolescents with mental illness." Journal of Mental Health 28, no. 3 (December 29, 2018): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1487535.

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White, Alfred, Purushottam Shiralkar, Tariq Hassan, Niall Galbraith, and Rhiannon Callaghan. "Barriers to mental healthcare for psychiatrists." Psychiatric Bulletin 30, no. 10 (October 2006): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.30.10.382.

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Aims and MethodTo determine the opinions of psychiatrists on mental illness among themselves and their colleagues a postal survey was conducted across the West Midlands.ResultsMost psychiatrists (319/370, 86.2%) would be reluctant to disclose mental illness to colleagues or professional organisations (323/370, 87.3%). Their choices regarding disclosure and treatment would be influenced by issues of confidentiality (n=245, 66%), stigma (n=83, 22%) and career implications (n=128, 35%) rather than quality of care (n=60, 16%).Clinical ImplicationsThe stigma associated with mental illness remains prevalent among the psychiatric profession and may prevent those affected from seeking adequate treatment and support. Appropriate, confidential specialist psychiatric services should be provided for this vulnerable group, and for doctors as a whole, to ensure that their needs, and by extension those of their patients, are met.

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Simpson, Andrea, and Kerry Ferguson. "The Role of University Support Services on Academic Outcomes for Students with Mental Illness." Education Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/295814.

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Mental illness in the university student population has come under increased scrutiny in recent years. Students with mental illness are understandably highly reluctant to disclose their condition to others due to fear of prejudice, “not blending in,” and a strong desire to appear self-reliant. This study considered whether disclosure to university support services, with all its perceived risks, had academic benefits for students with mental illness. Preliminary evidence was found that, for those students with mental illness who registered with the University’s Disability Support Service for assistance, academic achievement was significantly higher on average in the year following their joining the service. Academic retention for these students was comparable to their university peers. A number of recommendations are discussed that could accommodate for students’ learning needs, thereby benefitting those experiencing mental health difficulties.

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Jones, Amanda M. "Disclosure of Mental Illness in the Workplace: A Literature Review." American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation 14, no. 3 (July 2011): 212–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15487768.2011.598101.

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Corrigan, Patrick W., Nicolas Rüsch, and Katrina Scior. "Adapting Disclosure Programs to Reduce the Stigma of Mental Illness." Psychiatric Services 69, no. 7 (July 2018): 826–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201700478.

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Ravid, Renée. "Disclosure of Mental Illness to Employers: Legal Recourses and Ramifications." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 20, no. 1 (March 1992): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318539202000106.

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Court rulings on discriminatory employment procedures have varied in their interpretation of the law. The landmark Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 promises to eliminate discrimination against the increasing number of physically and mentally disabled. This article examines past legislation, case law, and changes under the ADA that have affected or will affect the mentally ill in the employment setting. The ADA addresses the issue of confidentiality, distinguishing drug testing from medical examination restrictions. Controversy regarding its implementation is discussed, emphasizing the legal ramifications for psychiatrists who may be asked to assess the fitness of applicants and employees and to make recommendations regarding their “reasonable accommodation.”

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Pheister, Mara, Rachel M. Peters, and Marika I. Wrzosek. "The Impact of Mental Illness Disclosure in Applying for Residency." Academic Psychiatry 44, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40596-020-01227-8.

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Comer, Lisa K., Barbara Henker, Margaret Kemeny, and Gail Wyatt. "Illness disclosure and mental health among women with HIV/AIDS." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 10, no. 6 (November 2000): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1298(200011/12)10:6<449::aid-casp577>3.0.co;2-n.

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Bakare, A., L. Yakubu, M. Yunusa, A. Bioku, M. Raji, E. Yunusa, A. Obembe, and A. Adebisi. "PSYCHIATRY POSTING AMONG NURSING STUDENTS: ATTITUDE TO MENTAL ILLNESS." European Journal of Health Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejhs.668.

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Background: Attitude towards mental illness influence the nursing students’ choice to take up training and placement in psychiatry as a specialty. The aim of the study was to examine nursing students' attitudes towards mental illness in terms of aetiology, social relations with patients and self-disclosure regarding mental illness. Methods: This was a descriptive quasi-experimental study conducted among all the sixty nursing students attending a 6-week psychiatry posting at Federal Neuropsychiatry Hospital Kware, Sokoto State and Psychiatry unit of General Hospital Katsina, Northwest Nigeria in July 2018. Attitudes toward Mental Illness (ATMI), a self-administered questionnaire was given to the participants before and after six-week posting in psychiatry. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: After 6 weeks posting in psychiatry there was improvement in the participants’ positive attitude towards social relation in person with mental illness, willingness to self-disclosure regarding mental illness and etiology of mental illness compare to before the commencement of psychiatry posting. Majority (81%) reported that movies have negative influence on their attitude toward mental illness. Conclusion: The 6-week psychiatry posting has positive effects on nursing students' attitudes towards mental illness. Movies contribute negatively towards majority of the participants’ attitude to mental illness. Use of psychodrama is being suggested to educate people on the etiology and treatment of mental illness. This study provides evidence-based recommendation for mandatory psychiatry posting among other health workers under training and use of psychodrama to educate the public on mental illness.

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Dewa, Carolyn S., Jaap Van Weeghel, Margot CW Joosen, and Evelien PM Brouwers. "What Could Influence Workers' Decisions to Disclose a Mental Illness at Work?" International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 11, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijoem.2020.1870.

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Background: Stigma can be a barrier for workers experiencing a mental illness to access accommodations at work. However, work accommodations may be necessary to maintain a worker's ability to work. Therefore, it may be important to develop effective interventions to address workplace stigma. Objective: To determine (1) what proportion of workers would probably disclose their mental health issue to their manager, (2) what are the motivating factors for the decision of whether or not to disclose, and (3) what would potentially change the disclosure decision? Methods: A link to a Web-based questionnaire was sent to a nationally representative sample of 1671 Dutch adults over 18 years of age. The response rate was 74%. We focused on the 892 respondents who indicated they were either employed for pay or looking for employment, not in management positions, and never experienced a mental health issue. This group comprised 73% of the total sample. They were asked if they would disclose their mental health issue to their manager. For what reasons would they disclose/not disclose the issue? And, what could change their decision? Results: We found that almost 75% of workers would disclose to their managers. The perceived relationship with their managers and feelings of responsibility to their workplaces were important contributors to the decision. A large minority of workers would not tell, preferring to deal with their issues alone. In addition, a significant proportion of workers would choose not to disclose fearing negative consequences. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the majority of these Dutch workers would disclose a mental health issue to their managers. The relationship with the manager plays a central role. The advice from a trusted individual and the experiences of colleagues are also significant factors in the disclosure decision.

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Hassan, Tariq M., M. Selim Asmer, Nadeem Mazhar, Tariq Munshi, Tanya Tran, and Dianne L. Groll. "Canadian Physicians’ Attitudes towards Accessing Mental Health Resources." Psychiatry Journal 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9850473.

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Despite their rigorous training, studies have shown that physicians experience higher rates of mental illness, substance abuse, and suicide compared to the general population. An online questionnaire was sent to a random sample of physicians across Canada to assess physicians’ knowledge of the incidence of mental illness among physicians and their attitudes towards disclosure and treatment in a hypothetical situation where one developed a mental illness. We received 139 responses reflecting mostly primary care physicians and nonsurgical specialists. The majority of respondents underestimated the incidence of mental illness in physicians. The most important factors influencing respondent’s will to disclose their illness included career implications, professional integrity, and social stigma. Preference for selecting mental health treatment services, as either outpatients or inpatients, was mostly influenced by quality of care and confidentiality, with lower importance of convenience and social stigma. Results from this study suggest that the attitudes of physicians towards becoming mentally ill are complex and may be affected by the individual’s previous diagnosis of mental illness and the presence of a family member with a history of mental illness. Other factors include the individual’s medical specialty and level of experience. As mental illness is common among physicians, one must be conscious of these when offering treatment options.

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Fletcher, Ian, Michael Castle, Aaron Scarpa, Orrin Myers, and Elizabeth Lawrence. "An exploration of medical student attitudes towards disclosure of mental illness." Medical Education Online 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1727713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2020.1727713.

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Hegarty, Kelsey. "Domestic violence: the hidden epidemic associated with mental illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 198, no. 3 (March 2011): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.083758.

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SummaryDespite domestic violence being a very common problem in individuals with severe mental illness, there is very little research in this setting. Multiple barriers exist to disclosure by users and enquiry by providers. Training and systems for identification and responding to domestic violence are urgently needed in mental health clinics.

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Sandhu, Harman S., Anish Arora, Jennifer Brasch, and David L. Streiner. "Mental Health Stigma: Explicit and Implicit Attitudes of Canadian Undergraduate Students, Medical School Students, and Psychiatrists." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 64, no. 3 (July 29, 2018): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743718792193.

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Objectives: To compare explicit and implicit stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness among undergraduate students, medical school students, and psychiatrists, and to assess whether attitudes are associated with education level, exposure to, and personal experience with mental illness. Methods: Participants from McMaster University were recruited through email. Participants completed a web-based survey consisting of demographics; the Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC) 12-item survey, which measures explicit stigma; and an Implicit Association Test (IAT), measuring implicit bias toward physical illness (diabetes mellitus) or mental illness (schizophrenia). Results: A total of 538 people participated: undergraduate students ( n = 382), medical school students ( n = 118), and psychiatrists ( n = 38). Psychiatrists had significantly lower explicit and implicit stigma than undergraduate students and medical school students. Having been diagnosed with mental illness or having had a relationship with someone experiencing one was significantly associated with lower explicit stigma. Mean scores on the OMS-HC “disclosure/help-seeking” subscale were higher compared with the “attitudes towards people with mental illness” subscale. There was no correlation between the OMS-HC and IAT. Conclusions: These findings support the theory that increased education and experience with mental illness are associated with reduced stigma. Attitudes regarding disclosure/help-seeking were more stigmatizing than attitudes towards people with mental illness. The groups identified in this study can potentially benefit from anti-stigma campaigns that focus on reducing specific components of explicit, implicit, public and self-stigma.

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Sartorius, N. "The Complexity of Comorbidity in Patients with Severe Mental Disorders." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.66.

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Comorbidity of severe mental disorders and physical illness: issues arising Comorbidity of mental and physical illness is a major, perhaps main problem facing medicine in the years before us. In addition to shortening the life expectancy of people with mental illness comorbidity with physical illness comorbidity significantly and negatively affects the quality of life of the people who experience the mental and physical illnesses and their carers and increases the cost of health care. What makes the problem even more and challenging is that medicine is currently in the process of fragmentation into ever more narrow specialties which adds difficulty in the provision of care, Most of the solutions which have been proposed – collaborative care, in-service education of general practitioners and others did not turn out to be effective solutions in dealing with the problems of comorbidity. A significant revision of undergraduate and postgraduate training in medicine is most probably an essential component of the answer to the challenge of this type of comorbidity which will also require a reorganization of health services and their financing. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Buchholz, Blythe, Stephanie Aylward, Sue McKenzie, and Patrick Corrigan. "Should youth disclose their mental health challenges? Perspectives from students, parents, and school professionals." Journal of Public Mental Health 14, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-03-2015-0008.

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Purpose – Disclosure seems to be a useful strategy for adults to deal with both the public and self-stigma of mental illness. However, youth may face a different set of risks when coming out with their experiences. The purpose of this paper is to examine youth, parent, and teacher perspectives on the costs and benefits of disclosure by middle- and high school-aged youth to better understand these risks. Design/methodology/approach – Focus groups were conducted with questions framed to elicit the different ways mental health challenges are discussed in schools and families. Findings – Surprisingly, the benefits of disclosure seemed to far outweigh the costs across groups. Benefits included ways to deal with stigma, reducing isolation, and “differentness,” as well as the pursuit of mental health services if needed. Costs included harsh responses to disclosure by peers and family members. Participants shared strategies used to minimize risk, including where and with whom youth might share their stories. Social implications – The results suggest many youth have disclosed their experiences with mental health challenges and have received mixed responses; these reactions often serve as the barometer for future disclosure decisions. Other youth are considering disclosure in a variety of settings, but are unsure how to go about it safely. Implications for addressing stigma are discussed. Originality/value – To our knowledge, this is the first qualitative research study conducted with youth about disclosure of mental illness experiences. These results will help guide modification of programming that could be beneficial in aiding disclosure decisions and reducing disclosure-related risks for youth who come out.

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Morgan, Amy J., and Anthony F. Jorm. "Recall of News Stories About Mental Illness by Australian Youth: Associations with Help-Seeking Attitudes and Stigma." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 9 (January 1, 2009): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670903107567.

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate what news stories about mental illness are recalled by Australian youth and whether these are associated with stigma and help-seeking beliefs. Method: A random sample of 3746 Australian youth aged 12–25 years were interviewed about mental health literacy in 2006. As part of the interview, they were asked whether they could recall any news stories about mental health problems during the past 12 months. Stigma was assessed, as well as willingness to seek help for a mental illness described in a vignette. Common news story themes were entered as predictors of stigma components and willingness to seek help in a series of logistic regressions. Results: Only a minority of youth could recall a news story about mental illness. The most common stories recalled were those involving crime or violence; mental health system failures; or disclosures of mental illness by prominent individuals. Recall of a disclosure by a prominent individual was associated with beliefs that people with mental illness are sick rather than weak, while recall of a story involving crime or violence was associated with greater reluctance to tell anyone about a mental health problem. There were no types of stories that predicted willingness to seek help. Conclusions: There is some evidence that recall of positive or negative news stories is associated with specific components of stigma. Overall, however, recall of news stories about mental illness added little explanatory power to differences in stigma or help-seeking intentions.

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England, Marcia R. "Being open in academia: A personal narrative of mental illness and disclosure." Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 60, no. 2 (April 17, 2016): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cag.12270.

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Bos, Arjan E. R., Daphne Kanner, Peter Muris, Birgit Janssen, and Birgit Mayer. "Mental Illness Stigma and Disclosure: Consequences of Coming out of the Closet." Issues in Mental Health Nursing 30, no. 8 (January 2009): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01612840802601382.

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Kovyazina, M., E. Rasskazova, N. Varako, and S. Palatov. "Personality, Psychopathological Symptoms and Illness Perception in Mental Disorders: Results from Russian MMPI-2 Validation Study." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S713—S714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1277.

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IntroductionAccording to common-sense model illness representation regulates her coping both in somatic and mental illnesses.ObjectivesAs a personal reaction illness representation should partially depend not only on diagnosis and symptoms but also on personality. Aim is to identify direct and indirect effects of personality and psychopathological complaints in illness representation in mental disorders.MethodsEighty patients (20 males) from MMPI-2 validation sample (Butcher et al., 2001) filled revised version of Illness Perception Questionnaire and Symptom Checklist 90-R. Eleven patients met ICD-10 criteria for addictions, 28 – for mood disorders, 20 – for schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder, 21 – for acute stress reactions.ResultsAccording to moderation analysis, illness-related beliefs in mental disorders are relatively independent on clinical diagnosis and specific symptoms, but are associated with the overall level of psychopathological complaints. Regardless of the clinical group and complaints, depressive traits are associated with negative and emotional appraisal of illness. Social introversion and hypomanic activation serve as moderators of the relationship between complaints, illness duration and emotional representations.ConclusionsPersonality and overall level of psychopathological symptoms could be stronger predictor of illness-related beliefs than specific clinical factors in mental illness. Preliminary diagnostics of personality in mental illnesses could be used to reveal high-risk group for poor insight and non-compliance due to unrealistic beliefs. Research supported by the grant of President of the Russian Federation for the state support for young Russian scientists, project MK2193.2017.6.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Rüsch, Nicolas, and Markus Kösters. "Honest, Open, Proud to support disclosure decisions and to decrease stigma’s impact among people with mental illness: conceptual review and meta-analysis of program efficacy." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 56, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 1513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02076-y.

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Abstract Purpose Honest, Open, Proud (HOP; formerly “Coming Out Proud”/COP) is a peer-led group program to support people with mental illness in their disclosure decisions and in their coping with stigma. The aims of this study were to provide (i) a conceptual review of HOP, including versions for different target groups and issues related to outcome measurement and implementation; and (ii) a meta-analysis of program efficacy. Methods Conceptual and empirical literature on disclosure and the HOP program was reviewed. Controlled trials of HOP/COP were searched in literature databases. A meta-analysis of HOP efficacy in terms of key outcomes was conducted. Results HOP program adaptations for different target groups (e.g. parents of children with mental illness; veterans or active soldiers with mental illness) exist and await evaluation. Recruitment for trials and program implementation may be challenging. A meta-analysis of five HOP RCTs for adults or adolescents with mental illness or adult survivors of suicide attempts found significant positive effects on stigma stress (smd = − 0.50) as well as smaller, statistically non-significant effects on self-stigma (smd = − 0.17) and depression (smd = − 0.11) at the end of the HOP program. At 3- to 4-week follow-up, there was a modest, not statistically significant effect on stigma stress (smd = − 0.40, 95%-CI -0.83 to 0.04), while effects for self-stigma were small and significant (smd = − 0.24). Long-term effects of the HOP program are unknown. Conclusion There is initial evidence that HOP effectively supports people with mental illness in their disclosure decisions and in their coping with stigma. Implementation issues, future developments and public health implications are discussed.

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HINSHAW, STEPHEN P., and DANTE CICCHETTI. "Stigma and mental disorder: Conceptions of illness, public attitudes, personal disclosure, and social policy." Development and Psychopathology 12, no. 4 (December 2000): 555–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004028.

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The end of the last millennium witnessed an unprecedented degree of public awareness regarding mental disorder as well as motivation for policy change. Like Sartorius, we contend that the continued stigmatization of mental illness may well be the central issue facing the field, as nearly all attendant issues (e.g., standards of care, funding for basic and applied research efforts) emanate from professional, societal, and personal attitudes towards persons with aberrant behavior. We discuss empirical and narrative evidence for stigmatization as well as historical trends regarding conceptualizations of mental illness, including the field's increasing focus on genetic and neurobiological causes and determinants of mental disorder. We next define stigma explicitly, noting both the multiple levels (community, societal, familial, individual) through which stigma operates to dehumanize and delegitimize individuals with mental disorders and the impact of stigma across development. Key developmental psychopathology principles are salient in this regard. We express concern over the recent oversimplification of mental illness as “brain disorder,” supporting instead transactional models which account for the dynamic interplay of genes, neurobiology, environment, and self across development and which are consistent with both compassion and societal responsibility. Finally, we consider educational and policy-related initiatives regarding the destigmatization of mental disorder. We conclude that attitudes and policy regarding mental disorder reflect, in microcosmic form, two crucial issues for the next century and millennium: (a) tolerance for diversity (vs. pressure for conformity) and (b) intentional direction of our species' evolution, given fast-breaking genetic advances.

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Rüsch, Nicolas, Elvira Abbruzzese, Eva Hagedorn, Daniel Hartenhauer, Ilias Kaufmann, Jan Curschellas, Stephanie Ventling, et al. "Efficacy of Coming Out Proud to reduce stigma's impact among people with mental illness: pilot randomised controlled trial." British Journal of Psychiatry 204, no. 5 (May 2014): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.135772.

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BackgroundFacing frequent stigma and discrimination, many people with mental illness have to choose between secrecy and disclosure in different settings. Coming Out Proud (COP), a 3-week peer-led group intervention, offers support in this domain in order to reduce stigma's negative impact.AimsTo examine COP's efficacy to reduce negative stigma-related outcomes and to promote adaptive coping styles (Current Controlled Trials number: ISRCTN43516734).MethodIn a pilot randomised controlled trial, 100 participants with mental illness were assigned to COP or a treatment-as-usual control condition. Outcomes included self-stigma, empowerment, stigma stress, secrecy and perceived benefits of disclosure.ResultsIntention-to-treat analyses found no effect of COP on self-stigma or empowerment, but positive effects on stigma stress, disclosure-related distress, secrecy and perceived benefits of disclosure. Some effects diminished during the 3-week follow-up period.ConclusionsComing Out Proud has immediate positive effects on disclosure- and stigma stress-related variables and may thus alleviate stigma's negative impact.

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Bromley, Joanna S., and Sara J. Cunningham. "‘You don't bring me flowers any more’: an investigation into the experience of stigma by psychiatric in-patients." Psychiatric Bulletin 28, no. 10 (October 2004): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.28.10.371.

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Aims and MethodA structured interview-based questionnaire was used to measure the number of cards and gifts received by 40 people undergoing psychiatric in-patient treatment, compared with an age- and gender-matched group of medical in-patients. The study also assessed the amount of disclosure of admission and diagnosis to family and friends in the two groups.ResultsThe psychiatric patients received about half as many cards as the medical patients (60 v. 112). Gifts to the psychiatric patients were often practical in nature and seldom included luxury items such as flowers. Disclosure of admission for mental illness (compared with the physical illness group) was significantly lower, both to family members (139 v. 193, P=0.041) and friends (74 v. 332, P=0.0001).Clinical ImplicationsThe stigma of mental illness is reflected in the secrecy surrounding disclosure of hospital admission and the lack of tokens of support. Clinicians should be aware of the resulting sense of isolation and shame, and the consequences for mental health in view of reduced social networks increasing the risk of future relapse rates. Reduced contact with mentally ill patients has implications for society as a whole in maintaining the status quo of stigma.

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Rodríguez Vargas, S., M. J. Navarro Clemente, and A. R. Ivorra Mayoral. "Sociocultural Factors in Mental Illness: Biopsychosocial Model." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1807.

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Every human being needs to acquire by interacting with peers, learning and gradually adapted to their socio-cultural environment, attitudes, group, class, gender, provided it fits the circumstances of the environment, personal values to their They come again, a reference system which is considered to be “culture”. You cannot assess psychiatric disorders in isolation, so it is essential to study the socio-cultural context in which it occurs. It is dynamic, its historic time and not everyone integrates alike. Through a case we try to show how culture influences the expression of psychiatric pathology. Specifically, in this patient it is evident that we are beings bio-psycho-social. It is a continuation and must integrate these three areas when assessing a patient. Here we start with a family history unrelated to the Mental Health so that adherence to antipsychotic treatment is guaranteed with monthly administration depot preparation. These socio-cultural factors are the main trigger for the breakdown of the subject that cause the patient psicotización (exacerbations related to stressful situations).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Wilson, Claire, Raymond Nairn, John Coverdale, and Aroha Panapa. "How mental illness is portrayed in children's television." British Journal of Psychiatry 176, no. 5 (May 2000): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.5.440.

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BackgroundThere are no published studies concerning the depiction of mental illness in children's television programmes.AimsTo determine whether mental illness was depicted in children's television.MethodSample of one complete week of children's television (57 hours, 50 minutes; 128 series episodes: 69 cartoon animations, 12 non-cartoon animations, 47 real life) provided for children under the age of 10 years. Disclosure analysis of portrayals of mental illness through repeated viewings identified patterns in the use of linguistic, semiotic and rhetorical resources.ResultsOf the 128 episodes, 59 (46%) contained one or more references to mental illness, predominantly in cartoons (n=47, 80%) compared with other episode types (χ2=17.1, d.f.=2, P<0.05). Commonly occurring terms such as ‘crazy’ (n=28), ‘mad’ (n=19) and ‘losing your mind’ (n=13) were employed to denote loss of control. The six consistently mentally ill characters were almost entirely devoid of admirable attributes.ConclusionYoung viewers are being socialised into stigmatising conceptions of mental illness.

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De Choudhury, Munmun, and Sushovan De. "Mental Health Discourse on reddit: Self-Disclosure, Social Support, and Anonymity." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 8, no. 1 (May 16, 2014): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v8i1.14526.

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Social media is continually emerging as a platform of information exchange around health challenges. We study mental health discourse on the popular social media:reddit. Building on findings about health information seeking and sharing practices in online forums, and social media like Twitter, we address three research challenges. First, we present a characterization of self-disclosure inmental illness communities on reddit. We observe individuals discussing a variety of concerns ranging from the daily grind to specific queries about diagnosis and treatment. Second, we build a statistical model to examine the factors that drive social support on mental health reddit communities. We also develop language models to characterize mental health social support, which are observed to bear emotional, informational, instrumental, and prescriptive information. Finally, we study disinhibition in the light of the dissociative anonymity that reddit’s throwaway accounts provide. Apart from promoting open conversations,such anonymity surprisingly is found to gather feedback that is more involving and emotionally engaging. Our findings reveal, for the first time, the kind of unique information needs that a social media like reddit might be fulfilling when it comes to a stigmatic illness. They also expand our understanding of the role of the social web in behavioral therapy.

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Elraz, Hadar. "Identity, mental health and work: How employees with mental health conditions recount stigma and the pejorative discourse of mental illness." Human Relations 71, no. 5 (September 8, 2017): 722–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726717716752.

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This article asks how identity is constructed for individuals with mental health conditions (MHCs) in the workplace. It takes especial regard to how MHCs are discursively situated, constructed and reconstructed in the workplace. Employees with MHCs face a difficult situation: not only do they need to deal with the stigma and discrimination commonly associated with MHCs, but they must also manage their health condition whilst adhering to organizational demands to demonstrate performance and commitment to work. Discourse analysis derived from 32 interviews with individuals with MHCs delineates how these individuals feel both stigmatized and empowered by their MHCs. The findings address three discursive strands: (i) a pejorative construction of mental illness in employment and society; (ii) contesting mental illness at work by embracing mental health management skills; and (iii) recounting mental illness through public disclosure and change. This article enhances understanding of how the construction of positive identity in the face of negative attributions associated with MHCs contributes to literature on identity, organizations and stigma as well as raising implications for policy and practice.

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Vaa Stelling, Brianna E., and Colin P. West. "Faculty Disclosure of Personal Mental Health History and Resident Physician Perceptions of Stigma Surrounding Mental Illness." Academic Medicine 96, no. 5 (January 25, 2021): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003941.

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Nairn, Raymond, John Coverdale, and Donna Claasen. "From Source Material to News Story in New Zealand Print Media: A Prospective Study of the Stigmatizing Processes in Depicting Mental Illness." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 5 (October 2001): 654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0004867010060515.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse how newspaper articles that depict mental illnesses are generated from source materials. Method: From a prospectively collected national sample of print materials involving mental illness, 50 published items that related to the Privacy Commissioner's opinion about disclosure of a psychiatric patient's health information were identified. A copy of the Privacy Commissioner's original Case Note and three news stories about the Case Note distributed by the New Zealand Press Association constituted the database. These materials were subjected to discourse analysis. We identified themes and their transformation from the Case Note through the news stories and examined the impact of these transformations on the stigmatization of mental illness. Results: Four themes were identified: human rights, vulnerability, risk of dangerousness and threat, and mental illness/psychiatric patient. The only potentially positive theme, human rights, was limited both by being fragmented in the source material, and by being utilized, in the published news stories to undermine the legitimacy of the patient's right to privacy. Use of the other themes was consistent with stereotypes about mental illness. Conclusions: Although there were no inaccuracies in the content of the news stories they were substantially more negative than the source material in their depiction of the identified patient. A potentially positive discourse (human rights) was not by itself sufficient to ensure a positive portrayal of mental illness. An understanding of the transformations is important for efforts to effectively combat the stigmatization of those with mental illness.

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Corrigan, Patrick W., and Deepa Rao. "On the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness: Stages, Disclosure, and Strategies for Change." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 57, no. 8 (August 2012): 464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674371205700804.

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Venville, Annie, Annette Street, and Ellie Fossey. "Student perspectives on disclosure of mental illness in post-compulsory education: displacing doxa." Disability & Society 29, no. 5 (December 13, 2013): 792–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2013.844101.

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Strauss Swanson, Charlotte, and Tracy Schroepfer. "Personal reactions to sexual assault disclosures made by female clients diagnosed with serious mental illness." Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 13, no. 4 (July 9, 2018): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-10-2017-0057.

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Purpose Mental health practitioners working with female clients diagnosed with a serious mental illness (SMI) often face client disclosures of sexual assault. Research has shown that practitioners’ responses can be complicated by the diagnosis and lack of professional training; however, less is known about the role their personal factors may play. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to further understanding of practitioners’ personal reactions and investigate how these reactions affect their professional response. Design/methodology/approach Nine mental health practitioners participated in face-to-face interviews, in which they were asked to describe their personal reactions when faced with a disclosure and to discuss how these reactions influence client assessment, treatment and referral. Findings The study results show that lacking training, practitioners expressed feelings of uncertainty, fear and worry about how best to respond without causing further harm. Findings serve to inform future training to support practitioners and, as a result, improve care and treatment for this population. Originality/value This study is unique because it explores the personal reactions mental health practitioners’ experience when responding to disclosures of sexual assault among women diagnosed with an SMI and how these reactions may impact their professional response.

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Mueller-Stierlin, A., F. Meixner, J. Lehle, and R. Kilian. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and service use of people with severe mental illness." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S529—S530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1352.

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Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has a huge impact on the provision of mental health care. Particularly the limitations of face-to-face contacts and the access to treatment facilities can be expected to have significant negative effects on the practice of psychiatric treatment and outcomes. To date the extent and the severity of these effects in people with severe mental illnesses are rarely investigated in Germany. Objectives We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and service use of people with severe mental illness in Germany. Methods As part of a pragmatic randomized trial on the effectiveness of an integrated community mental health care program that started immediately after the first COVID-19 wave in June 2020, 1000 people with severe mental illness from different regions in Germany have been asked for the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their mental health care and on their general living conditions. Multivariate regression models were computed to estimate the effects of the patients’ COVID-19 experiences on the outcome parameters empowerment (EPAS), psychosocial impairment (HoNOS) and unmet needs (CAN). Results Using prospective data in a large sample of people with mental illness, we will be able to examine the extent to which the pandemic has affected participants’ mental health, their social lives, but also the use of mental health care services. Conclusions The data will help to examine the impact of the pandemic on people with severe mental illness in a comprehensive way and will provide evidence where immediate action is needed to reduce further burdens and inequities. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Martin, Andrés, Julie Chilton, Doron Gothelf, and Doron Amsalem. "Physician Self-disclosure of Lived Experience Improves Mental Health Attitudes Among Medical Students: A Randomized Study." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 7 (January 2020): 238212051988935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2382120519889352.

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Introduction: Depression and suicidal ideation are common among medical students, a group at higher risk for suicide completion than their age-normed peers. Medical students have health-seeking behaviors that are not commensurate with their mental health needs, a discrepancy likely related to stigma and to limited role-modeling provided by physicians. Methods: We surveyed second-year medical students using the Attitudes to Psychiatry (ATP-30) and Attitudes to Mental Illness (AMI) instruments. In addition, we asked questions about role-modeling and help-seeking attitudes at baseline. We then conducted a randomized trial of an intervention consisting of 2 components: (a) a panel of 2 physicians with personal histories of mental illness speaking about their diagnosis, treatment, and recovery to the students, immediately followed by (b) small-group facilitated discussions. We repeated the ATP-30 and AMI after the active/early group was exposed to the panel, but before the control/late group was similarly exposed. Results: Forty-three medical students participated (53% women). The majority of students (91%) agreed that knowing physicians further along in their careers who struggled with mental health issues, got treatment, and were now doing well would make them more likely to access care if they needed it. Students in the active group (n = 22) had more favorable attitudes on ATP-30 ( P = .01) and AMI ( P = .02) scores, as compared with the control group (n = 21). Conclusion: Medical students can benefit from the availability of, and exposure to physicians with self-disclosed histories of having overcome mental illnesses. Such exposures can favorably improve stigmatized views about psychiatry, or of patients or colleagues affected by psychopathology. This intervention has the potential to enhance medical students’ mental health and their health-seeking behaviors.

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Chang, Sherilyn, Hui Lin Ong, Esmond Seow, Boon Yiang Chua, Edimansyah Abdin, Ellaisha Samari, Wen Lin Teh, Siow Ann Chong, and Mythily Subramaniam. "Stigma towards mental illness among medical and nursing students in Singapore: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 7, no. 12 (December 2017): e018099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018099.

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ObjectivesTo assess stigma towards people with mental illness among Singapore medical and nursing students using the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC), and to examine the relationship of students’ stigmatising attitudes with sociodemographic and education factors.Design and settingCross-sectional study conducted in SingaporeParticipantsThe study was conducted among 1002 healthcare (502 medical and 500 nursing) students during April to September 2016. Students had to be Singapore citizens or permanent residents and enrolled in public educational institutions to be included in the study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 21.3 (3.3) years, with the majority being females (71.1%). 75.2% of the participants were Chinese, 14.1% were Malays, and 10.7% were either Indians or of other ethnicity.MethodsFactor analysis was conducted to validate the OMS-HC scale in the study sample and to examine its factor structure. Descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression were used to examine sociodemographic and education correlates.ResultsFactor analysis revealed a three-factor structure with 14 items. The factors were labelled as attitudes towards help-seeking and people with mental illness, social distance and disclosure. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that medical students were found to be associated with lower total OMS-HC scores (P<0.05), less negative attitudes (P<0.001) and greater disclosure (P<0.05) than nursing students. Students who had a monthly household income of below S$4000 had more unfavourable attitudes than those with an income of SGD$10 000 and above (P<0.05). Having attended clinical placement was associated with more negative attitudes (P<0.05) among the students.ConclusionHealthcare students generally possessed positive attitudes towards help-seeking and persons with mental illness, though they preferred not to disclose their own mental health condition. Academic curriculum may need to enhance the component of mental health training, particularly on reducing stigma in certain groups of students.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Disclosure of mental illness'

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