Journal articles: 'Disclosure of abuse'

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Gondo, Mellisa Tafadzwa, and Jeofrey Mtemeri. "Muted but not silent: Factors influencing sexual abuse disclosure among adolescents in Gutu district, Zimbabwe." Global Journal of Guidance and Counseling in Schools: Current Perspectives 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjgc.v12i1.5136.

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This study aimed to establish factors that inhibit sexual abuse disclosure among adolescents: to identify factors that promote sexual abuse disclosure among adolescents and to develop strategies that can promote early sexual abuse disclosure. Adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years (n = 12), who experienced sexual abuse and disclosed immediately or after sometime, were purposively selected. A qualitative research approach which made use of the phenomenological research design was used to collect data. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. The results of the study revealed that the inhibiting factors of sexual abuse disclosure included fear of perpetrator, fear of parent’s reaction, non-comprehension of sexual abuse, positive relationship with abuser and uncertainty as to how and to whom to disclose to. Shock and disbelief, beatings and threats and negative effects of sexual abuse also facilitate disclosure of sexual abuse among adolescent survivors of sexual abuse. Keywords: Child sexual abuse, adolescents, sexual abuse disclosure, Gutu;

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Leach, Chelsea, Martine B. Powell, Stefanie J. Sharman, and Jeromy Anglim. "The Relationship Between Children’s Age and Disclosures of Sexual Abuse During Forensic Interviews." Child Maltreatment 22, no. 1 (October 26, 2016): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559516675723.

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Children’s disclosures of sexual abuse during forensic interviews are fundamental to the investigation of cases. Research examining the relationship between age and disclosure has shown mixed results; the aim of the current study was to clarify and extend our knowledge by modeling linear, quadratic, and interaction effects of age on disclosure. Child sexual abuse reports made by children, their caregivers, or mandated reporters over a 12-month period to police in one state of Australia were examined. Of the 527 children (age range 3–16 years) offered a forensic interview, 81% disclosed abuse during it. The other 19% did not disclose or refused the interview. Age had both linear and quadratic effects, whereby disclosure increased with age until 11 years, after which disclosure decreased with age to 16 years. The effect of age on disclosure was moderated by five variables: abuse severity, the child–suspect relationship, suspects’ violence histories, delay of report to police, and children’s previous disclosures. Particular groups of children had lower likelihoods of disclosing abuse in forensic interviews than others, such as adolescents who alleged abuse against suspects with histories of violent offending. By identifying these groups, targeted strategies may be developed to help increase their disclosure rates.

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Rush, Elizabeth B., Thomas D. Lyon, Elizabeth C. Ahern, and Jodi A. Quas. "Disclosure Suspicion Bias and Abuse Disclosure." Child Maltreatment 19, no. 2 (May 2014): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559514538114.

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Anonymous. "Barriers to abuse disclosure." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 36, no. 12 (December 1998): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19981201-09.

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STANLEY, SARAH R. "Disclosure of Sexual Abuse." Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 2, no. 4 (December 1989): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.1989.tb00381.x.

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Smith, Margaret Leland, Andres F. Rengifo, and Brenda K. Vollman. "Trajectories of Abuse and Disclosure." Criminal Justice and Behavior 35, no. 5 (May 2008): 570–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854808314340.

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The distribution of the incidents of sexual abuse by Catholic priests in the United States ( event structure) and the reports of these abuse events ( reporting structure ) present two distinct trajectories, confounding existing individual-level research results. Data from an institutional census of records of abuse between 1950 and 2002 show a steady increase in cases through the late 1970s and early 1980s, followed by a surge in reporting in the mid-1990s and again in 2002. These patterns are stable throughout all regions of the Catholic Church in the United States. Rather than analyze the abuse or reporting from a conventionally individual, psychological framework, this research reframes the analyses for the event structure and the reporting of abuse by priests.

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Read, John, and Allen Fraser. "Staff Response to Abuse Histories of Psychiatric Inpatients." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 2 (April 1998): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809062730.

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Objective: In the context of numerous studies demonstrating that a significant proportion of psychiatric inpatients have been sexually or physically abused at some point in their lives this study ascertained the responses of staff in a psychiatric inpatient unit to knowledge that patients had been subjected to sexual or physical abuse, in childhood or adulthood. Method: The medical records of 100 consecutive admissions were examined. Staff response was measured in terms of: (i) acquiring information about previous treatment for, or disclosure of, abuse; (ii) providing information, support or counselling during hospitalisation; (iii) reporting to legal authorities; and (iv) referring for ongoing abuse counselling. Results: Of the 32 patients who were documented as having disclosed abuse 11 files included documentation of previous treatment or disclosure; none were reported to have received support, counselling or information while in hospital; and three referrals were made for ongoing counselling. None of the 52 separate instances of abuse were reported to the authorities. Demographic, diagnostic, clinical and treatment variables, as well as the four abuse categories, were analysed for possible linkage to probability of staff response in each of the four response categories. Conclusions: It was hypothesised that the low staff response rate is not unique to the particular unit evaluated here. Recommendations are offered regarding the need for unit policies ensuring routine abuse inquiry and for staff training about how to respond to abuse disclosures.

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Faulgoner, Leigh A., Dune M. Hodge, and Steven M. Culver. "Women's disclosure of sexual abuse." Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss 4, no. 2 (April 1999): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10811449908409724.

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Bridge, Mrs Caroline. "Guidelines – managing sexual abuse disclosure." Psychiatric Bulletin 17, no. 11 (November 1993): 692–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.11.692-b.

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Sauzier, Maria. "Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 12, no. 2 (June 1989): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-953x(18)30443-x.

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Harrington, B., and P. Cullen. "Disclosure of child sexual abuse." BMJ 317, no. 7152 (July 18, 1998): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7152.208.

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Foynes, Melissa Ming, Jennifer J. Freyd, and Anne P. DePrince. "Child abuse: Betrayal and disclosure." Child Abuse & Neglect 33, no. 4 (April 2009): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.11.001.

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Dailey, René M., and Ronald E. Claus. "The Relationship between Interviewer Characteristics and Physical and Sexual Abuse Disclosures among Substance Users: A Multilevel Analysis." Journal of Drug Issues 31, no. 4 (October 2001): 867–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260103100404.

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Data were collected at assessment for substance abuse treatment from 22 interviewers and 8,276 clients to assess the relationship between interviewer characteristics and disclosure of physical and sexual abuse. Characteristics examined were client and interviewer gender, race/ethnicity, and age. Multilevel regressions that adjusted for the clustering of clients within interviewers were compared to unadjusted logistic regressions to determine the effect of response similarity within clusters. Clustering accounted for only 2–5% of the unexplained variance; however, ignoring the clustering effect generated several misleading results. Adjusted models indicated that clients were more likely to disclose physical abuse to Caucasian interviewers than to African American interviewers and more likely to disclose sexual abuse to female interviewers than to male interviewers. Matching clients and interviewers on gender, race, and age did not increase disclosures of either physical or sexual abuse.

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Elfreich, Molly R., Margaret C. Stevenson, Crystal Sisson, Alexandria P. Winstead, and Katelyn M. Parmenter. "Sexual Abuse Disclosure Mediates the Effect of an Abuse Prevention Program on Substantiation." Child Maltreatment 25, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559519874884.

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Although abuse prevention programs have proliferated, little research has explored the direct effects of such programs on actual child sexual abuse disclosure rates, and no research has explored the effects of such programs on child sexual abuse substantiation. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the present research reflects an exploration of the effects of exposure to the Think First and Stay Safe™ abuse prevention program on abuse disclosure rates of 319 children who underwent a child forensic interview within 2015–2018 in a Midwestern child advocacy center. Supporting our mediational hypotheses, children exposed (vs. not exposed) to the Think First and Stay Safe™ program were significantly more likely to disclose abuse during the forensic interview, which in turn predicted significantly increased abuse substantiation likelihood.

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Rohanachandra, Y., I. Amarabandu, and P. B. Dassanayake. "Child sexual abuse presenting to a teaching hospital in colombo, Sri Lanka." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S631—S632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1679.

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IntroductionChild sexual abuse is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka, with prevalence rates ranging from 14-44%.ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the victim and perpetrator characteristics, pattern of disclosure and psychological consequences of sexual abuse in children presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka.MethodsThis was a retrospective file review study of 164 victims who presented to a Teaching Hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka, with alleged sexual abuse over a period of 5 years from 2015-2019.ResultsMajority of the victims were female and older than 12 years. Majority (73.6%) have been subjected to penetrative sexual abuse with 58.5% of victims reporting more than one incident of abuse. Almost all (99.9%) of the perpetrators were male, with 94.5% being known to the child. Only 42.7% (n=70) of the children revealed about the incident within the first week. Delayed disclosure (i.e. more than 1 week since the incident) was significantly higher in penetrative abuse (p<0.01), multiple incidents of abuse (p<0.01) and in abuse by a known person (p<0.05). Children who disclosed after one week were significantly less likely to disclose about the incident spontaneously (p<0.01). Psychological sequel was seen in 28.7%, with depression being the commonest diagnosis (8.5%). Psychological consequences were significantly in higher those who had physical evidence of abuse (p<0.01), delayed (after 1 week) disclosure (p<0.05) and in those who did not disclose spontaneously (p<0.01).ConclusionsThe victim and perpetrator characteristics, pattern of disclosure is comparable with previous literature.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Carlsson, Ninni. "Den talande kroppen. Om samhällets beredskap att hantera sexuella övergrepp på barn." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 25, no. 3 (June 15, 2022): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v25i3.4075.

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This essay explores giris' and women's disclosure and society's readiness to handle child sexual abuse. Disclosure and readiness is analysed both on an institutional and individual level. By tuming to empirical research on sexual abuse, women's stories about disclosure and concepts used in feminist ethics and moral philosophy, the author problematizes the questions of if, how and where disclosure, social support and healing can take place. She argues that voice and silence, two of the central themes in 20th century feminism, are also central to the experiences of sexual abuse victims and their need for social support. The question of how victims can be discovered or assessed is reframed to a question of what one is allowed to see and speak about in our society. Both the victim and her network of potential helpers are restrained in their abilities to know what has taken place, to speak about it and to act on it. Instead of understanding effects and symptoms of sexual abuse as exclusively medical or psychological problems, they can be perceived and interpreted as embodied communication. When subdued, excluded, deprived of justice and prevented from revealing the secret, the body of the survivor speaks instead. There is some empirical evidence that society's reactions to different kinds of sexual abuse disclosure are gendered. Female survivors have estimated female therapists as being more helpful and sexually abused women are at risk of being sexually exploited by male professionals. A deeper understanding of if (and how) responses to sexual abuse disclosure are gendered is lacking. However, when healing from the trauma of sexual violence, disclosure, justice and care seem to be important aspects of social support.

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Caruso, Annamaria. "La vittima di abuso e il pericolo di abuso da parte delle istituzioni." MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 2 (June 2009): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2009-002011.

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- This article analyzes the encounter between children who are victims of sexual abuse within the family and the judicial system; it shows the various conditions that could determine forms of secondary victimization. Various phases are analyzed in which the minor is involved: the disclosure of abuse, the interrogation, the psychological forensic assessment and the legal assistance to the victim. The purpose of this article is both to make clear that in cases of sexual abuse different procedures may be adopted before different judicial authorities and supply useful information to different protagonists to integrate their competencies with the aim of effective protection of victims.Key words: sexual abuse, disclosure, psychological forensic assessment, victimization.Parole chiave: abuso sessuale, rivelazione, perizia psicologica, vittimizzazione.

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Alaggia, Ramona, and Stacey Kirshenbaum. "Speaking the Unspeakable: Exploring the Impact of Family Dynamics on Child Sexual Abuse Disclosures." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 86, no. 2 (April 2005): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.2457.

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This qualitative study utilized the long interview method to identify a range of family dynamics that may affect a child's ability to disclose sexual abuse. It is estimated that 30% to 80% of victims do not purposefully disclose child sexual abuse (CSA) before adulthood. Retrospective data about disclosure processes were elicited through interviews with 20 male and female CSA survivors. Four major themes emerged suggesting that CSA disclosure can be significantly compromised when certain conditions exist: rigidly fixed, gender roles based on a patriarchy-based family structure; family violence; closed, indirect communication patterns; and social isolation. It is important to identify disclosure barriers in order to ameliorate them effectively, because when children are not able to disclose sexual abuse, the effects are potentially devastating. Results are discussed in relation to implications for practice with children and their families, including relevance of established models of family assessment.

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Naresh, Ekasmayi Esha, Dan Isaac Pothiyil, and Syam Kaithavalappil Ravindran. "Why I said #MeToo: An Exploration of the Purpose of Disclosure Among Indian Women." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 29, no. 1 (December 19, 2021): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09715215211057958.

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The surge of sexual abuse disclosures by women during the #MeToo movement raised awareness about an important social issue that has garnered much attention. However, apart from the changes the movement initiated, the issue of why women chose to disclose in the context of the movement has not been extensively examined. Why women disclose such a sensitive topic in the public domain, often via social media, within the Indian cultural context, where matters such as sexual abuse are considered taboo, warrants further examination. This article explores the reasons for disclosure among Indian women participating in the #MeToo movement, through qualitative research, using the interpretative phenomenological approach. The emergent themes include reactions to the injustice, expectations of validation and closure, addressing stigma, initiation of dialogue and social change, as well as expression of solidarity, as the purpose for which disclosures were undertaken.

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Alaggia, Ramona, Delphine Collin-Vézina, and Rusan Lateef. "Facilitators and Barriers to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Disclosures: A Research Update (2000–2016)." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 20, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 260–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838017697312.

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Identifying and understanding factors that promote or inhibit child sexual abuse (CSA) disclosures has the potential to facilitate earlier disclosures, assist survivors to receive services without delay, and prevent further sexual victimization. Timely access to therapeutic services can mitigate risk to the mental health of survivors of all ages. This review of the research focuses on CSA disclosures with children, youth, and adults across the life course. Using Kiteley and Stogdon’s literature review framework, 33 studies since 2000 were identified and analyzed to extrapolate the most convincing findings to be considered for practice and future research. The centering question asked: What is the state of CSA disclosure research and what can be learned to apply to practice and future research? Using Braun and Clarke’s guidelines for thematic analysis, five themes emerged: (1) Disclosure is an iterative, interactive process rather than a discrete event best done within a relational context; (2) contemporary disclosure models reflect a social–ecological, person-in-environment orientation for understanding the complex interplay of individual, familial, contextual, and cultural factors involved in CSA disclosure; (3) age and gender significantly influence disclosure; (4) there is a lack of a life-course perspective; and (5) barriers to disclosure continue to outweigh facilitators. Although solid strides have been made in understanding CSA disclosures, the current state of knowledge does not fully capture a cohesive picture of disclosure processes and pathways over the life course. More research is needed on environmental, contextual, and cultural factors. Barriers continue to be identified more frequently than facilitators, although dialogical forums are emerging as important facilitators of CSA disclosure. Implications for practice in facilitating CSA disclosures are discussed with recommendations for future research.

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Engh Kraft, Lisbet, GullBritt Rahm, and Ulla-Britt Eriksson. "School Nurses Avoid Addressing Child Sexual Abuse." Journal of School Nursing 33, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840516633729.

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Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a global public health problem with major consequences for the individual child and society. An earlier Swedish study showed that the school nurses did not initially talk about nor mention CSA as one form of child abuse. For the child to receive adequate support, the disclosure is a precondition and is dependent on an available person prepared to listen. The aim of the study was to explore the ability of the school nurses to detect and support sexually abused children. It is a secondary analysis of focus group interviews with school nurses. Thematic analysis was performed. Results showed that the school nurses avoided addressing CSA due to arousal of strong emotions, ambivalence, and a complicated disclosure process. In order to detect CSA and support abused children, attentiveness of sexual abuse as a possible cause of physical and mental ill-health is crucial.

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Tener, Dafna, and Sharon B. Murphy. "Adult Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 16, no. 4 (June 4, 2014): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838014537906.

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Ungar, Michael, Ken Barter, Sheri M. McConnell, Leslie M. Tutty, and Judi Fairholm. "Patterns of Abuse Disclosure among Youth." Qualitative Social Work: Research and Practice 8, no. 3 (August 27, 2009): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325009337842.

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Jones, David P. H. "Editorial: disclosure of child sexual abuse." Child Abuse & Neglect 24, no. 2 (February 2000): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(99)00125-8.

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Dolan, Carolyn M., and Micki S. Raber. "Responding to child sexual abuse disclosure." Nurse Practitioner 42, no. 12 (December 2017): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.npr.0000526762.68595.a1.

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Jaroenkajornkij, Nisara, Rachel Lev-Wiesel, and Bussakorn Binson. "Use of Self-Figure Drawing as an Assessment Tool for Child Abuse: Differentiating between Sexual, Physical, and Emotional Abuse." Children 9, no. 6 (June 11, 2022): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9060868.

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Child abuse is a worldwide phenomenon with adverse short- and long-term mental and physical negative consequences, with a huge gap between the prevalence of child abuse and disclosure rates. The study aimed to examine and validate the self-figure drawing as an assessment tool to differentiate between three forms of child abuse, i.e., child sexual abuse (CSA), child physical abuse (CPA), and child emotional abuse (CEA). Following the ethical approval, 1707 Thai children (13–18 years old) from the general population (schools) were asked to complete a self-report anonymous questionnaire consisting of four measures (Demographics, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), The Medical Somatic Dissociation Questionnaire (MSDQ), and The Disclosure of Trauma Questionnaire (DTQ)). After completion, they were asked to draw themselves. There was a significantly positive link between the reluctance to disclose and the experience of abuse, indicating that the more severe the abuse the higher the reluctance to disclose. The findings broaden the knowledge of movement and symbols as representations of inner personal conflictual material. Additionally, it substantiates self-figure drawing as an assessment tool and assists practitioners in early child abuse detection.

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Sinclair, Barbara B., and Steven R. Gold. "The Psychological Impact of Withholding Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse." Violence and Victims 12, no. 2 (January 1997): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.12.2.137.

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Researchers have found equivocal results with respect to whether the disclosure of child sexual abuse is helpful or not. The threat of harm as well as the possibility of being humiliated, not believed, or blamed, render the disclosure of child sexual abuse difficult for some victims. Suppressing of traumatic events has been linked to negative health effects. The current study investigated the relationship between the inability to fully disclose the abuse and subsequent traumatic symptomatology. Questionnaires including the Trauma Symptom Checklist 40, the Child Sexual Experiences Questionnaire, and the Parental Support Scale were completed by 204 victims of child sexual abuse. Multiple regression analyses were performed using traumatic symptomatology as the dependent variable. The extent to which a victim wanted to tell about the abuse but held back from doing so and the severity of the abuse were related to adult symptomatology. Findings suggest that victims enduring more severe abuse are more likely to hold back from fully disclosing the abuse which is associated with more trauma-related symptoms.

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Delap, Lucy. "“Disgusting Details Which Are Best Forgotten”: Disclosures of Child Sexual Abuse in Twentieth-Century Britain." Journal of British Studies 57, no. 1 (January 2018): 79–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2017.181.

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AbstractFor those who by the end of the twentieth century came to be termed “survivors” of child sexual abuse, different genres and forms have been available to narrate and evaluate that abuse. This article explores the reception and practical results of such disclosures: the unpredictable effects of telling, and the strategies of containment, silencing, or disbelief that greeted disclosures. I make note of the ethical challenges of writing the history of child sexual abuse and conclude that twenty-first-century observers have been too ready to perceive much of the previous century as a period of profound silence in relation to child sexual abuse. At the same time, historical and sociological accounts have also been too ready to claim the final third of the twentieth century as a period of compulsive disclosure and fluency in constructing sexual selves. The history of child sexual abuse reveals significant barriers to disclosure in the 1970s and 1980s, despite new visibility of child sexual abuse in the media and through feminist sexual politics. Attention to such obstacles suggests the need to rethink narratives of “permissive” sexual change to acknowledge more fully the ongoing inequities and hierarchies in sexual candor and voice.

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Collings, Steven J., Sacha Griffiths, and Mandisa Kumalo. "Patterns of Disclosure in Child Sexual Abuse." South African Journal of Psychology 35, no. 2 (June 2005): 270–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630503500207.

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This study examined patterns of disclosure in a sample of 1 737 cases of child sexual abuse (1 614 girls and 123 boys) reported in the North Durban policing area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, during the period January 2001 to December 2003. A content analysis of disclosure patterns identified two broad dimensions of disclosure (Agency: child-initiated disclosure versus detection by a third party, and Temporal duration: an event versus a process); with these disclosure dimensions defining four discrete categories of disclosure: purposeful disclosure (30% of cases), indirect disclosure (9% of cases), eyewitness detection (18% of cases), and accidental detection (43% of cases). A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that disclosure patterns were independently predicted by the victim's age, the nature of the victim-perpetrator relationship, the offender's age, the frequency of abuse, and reporting latency. The implications of the findings for primary prevention, forensic interviewing practice, and future research are discussed in detail.

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Lawson, Deborah, and Brian Niven. "The Impact of Mandatory Reporting Legislation on New Zealand Secondary School Students’ Attitudes towards Disclosure of Child Abuse." International Journal of Children’s Rights 23, no. 3 (October 20, 2015): 491–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02303007.

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Few studies have sought the views of children and young people in relation to child abuse reporting laws and policies, including mandatory reporting of child abuse. This study* sought to determine whether mandatory reporting legislation would have an impact on secondary school students’ attitudes towards: (a) disclosing abuse to a teacher or school counsellor; and (b) attending school, if they had been obviously physically abused. A stratified random sample of 466 secondary school students in two New Zealand provinces answered nine questions in response to an in-class written survey. Results indicated that the introduction of mandatory reporting legislation in New Zealand would deter secondary students from disclosing abuse to teachers and school counsellors. Further, the introduction of mandatory reporting laws might deter students from attending school if they had been obviously physically abused.

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Sivagurunathan, Marudan, David M. Walton, Tara Packham, Richard Booth, and Joy MacDermid. "“Punched in the Balls”: Male Intimate Partner Violence Disclosures and Replies on Reddit." American Journal of Men's Health 15, no. 4 (July 2021): 155798832110396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883211039666.

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Research on male intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors is limited. The sparse research on male IPV disclosure suggest males receive more negative and less helpful responses from potential sources of formal or informal support. Males may seek support on social networking sites (SNSs), hence, it is important to understand their emerging experiences of virtual disclosures. This study examined the nature and content of responses to IPV disclosures by male IPV survivors on a popular SNS (reddit.com). Search of Reddit submissions related to male IPV were carried out using three IPV related keywords for the calendar month of February 2019, resulting in 917 submissions. Twelve submissions that focused on male IPV disclosure were examined in detail. The 12 submissions were analyzed using quantitative content analysis while associated comments ( n = 569) were analyzed using qualitative approach. Two-thirds of the disclosures (8/12) were of personal IPV experiences. All disclosure narratives identified the sex of perpetrator, most stated the types of abuse (7/12), and some revealed the outcomes of past disclosures (4/12). Six major themes were developed through qualitative analysis of the associated comments: (1) Informational Support, (2) Nurturant Support, (3) Tangible Aid, (4) Negative Response (5) Self-Defence, and (6) Reciprocal Disclosure. Overall, males experienced a majority of supportive responses to IPV disclosures and some negative responses including criticism and minimizing the abuse. Males take risks in disclosure of IPV in person and online.

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Gardner, Fiona. "Institutional Betrayal, Psychoanalytic Insights on the Anglican Church’s Response to Abuse." Religions 13, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13100892.

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Psychoanalysis can advance our understanding of responses from the hierarchy of mainstream religious denominations to disclosures of abuse by clergy. This paper takes analytic insights to discuss how and why the Anglican institutional church has responded so callously to disclosures of child sexual abuse within the church. Inhumane responses have led to feelings of institutional betrayal in survivor groups. The subject is explored firstly in the context of organizational and group dynamics, and, secondly, by analysing defences that underly the interaction between the person who has been abused and the member of the church hierarchy who is hearing the disclosure. Defences and deceptions have been consciously and unconsciously used within the organization that have obstructed contact with reality, and so hindered it both in fulfilling its task in responding appropriately to what has taken place, and in adapting to changing circumstances. Churches have been active agents in re-traumatising individuals. Examples to illustrate are taken from hearings on the Anglican Church by the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse in England, UK. The idea of organizational redemption is presented.

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Bal, Sarah, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Geert Crombez, and Paulette Van Oost. "Differences in Trauma Symptoms and Family Functioning in Intra-and Extrafamilial Sexually Abused Adolescents." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 19, no. 1 (January 2004): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260503259053.

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This study investigated to what extent abuse-related symptoms and family functioning are related to intra- or extrafamilial sexual abuse. One hundred adolescents (12 to 18 years old) were recruited shortly after disclosure of the abuse. Information from the participants was obtained through self-report questionnaires and a semistructured interview. Fifty-three percent of the adolescents reported clinically significant symptoms. Data did not support the idea that intrafamilial sexually abused adolescents report more symptoms than extrafamilial sexually abused adolescents. Type of abuse did not account for the differences and variety of reported symptoms or for differences in family functioning. Family functioning—in particular, lack of cohesion— was an independent contributor to internalizing trauma-related problems.

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Liepert, Carla R., Christine Walsh, Kerstin Roger, Donna Goodridge, and Michelle Ranville. "SERVICE PROVIDERS' PERSPECTIVES OF UNDERREPORTING ABUSE OF OLDER ADULTS IN ALBERTA, CANADA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S934—S935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3400.

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Abstract Minimal research has investigated disclosure/non-disclosure of abuse of older adults. To address this gap, this exploratory, qualitative study gathered the perspectives on reporting of elder abuse from 10 service providers working with elder abuse survivors across Alberta. Face-to-face and online interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Four major barriers to abuse disclosure for older adults were identified. First, complex parent/adult-child relationships reduce the likelihood of disclosure among older adults who are experiencing abuse perpetrated by a family member; the corollary is that disclosure for non-familial perpetrators results in higher rates of disclosure. Second, older adults residing in rural and remote locations face greater barriers to disclosure compared to those residing in urban/suburban settings. Third, older adults are unlikely to report even if they recognize that they are in a situation of abuse, as a consequence of their internalized ageist beliefs that policing and social services agencies have more pressing needs to address than their well-being. Finally, local policing bodies and legal authorities may inadequately serve older adults facing abuse, particularly in cases of non-physical abuse, due to prioritized client and community needs. This study highlights the need for additional supports and service provision for vulnerable older adults in Alberta, specifically for those residing in rural and remote regions and those dependent on family members. It also points to the critical need for a greater understanding and awareness of violence against older adults among the general public and those tasked with ensuring the safety and well-being of older adults.

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Liepert, Carla R., Christine Walsh, Kerstin Roger, Donna Goodridge, and Michelle Ranville. "SERVICE PROVIDERS' PERSPECTIVES OF UNDERREPORTING ABUSE OF OLDER ADULTS IN ALBERTA, CANADA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3402.

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Abstract Minimal research has investigated disclosure/non-disclosure of abuse of older adults. To address this gap, this exploratory, qualitative study gathered the perspectives on reporting of elder abuse from 10 service providers working with elder abuse survivors across Alberta. Face-to-face and online interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Four major barriers to abuse disclosure for older adults were identified. First, complex parent/adult-child relationships reduce the likelihood of disclosure among older adults who are experiencing abuse perpetrated by a family member; the corollary is that disclosure for non-familial perpetrators results in higher rates of disclosure. Second, older adults residing in rural and remote locations face greater barriers to disclosure compared to those residing in urban/suburban settings. Third, older adults are unlikely to report even if they recognize that they are in a situation of abuse, as a consequence of their internalized ageist beliefs that policing and social services agencies have more pressing needs to address than their well-being. Finally, local policing bodies and legal authorities may inadequately serve older adults facing abuse, particularly in cases of non-physical abuse, due to prioritized client and community needs. This study highlights the need for additional supports and service provision for vulnerable older adults in Alberta, specifically for those residing in rural and remote regions and those dependent on family members. It also points to the critical need for a greater understanding and awareness of violence against older adults among the general public and those tasked with ensuring the safety and well-being of older adults.

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Okur, Pinar, Leontien M. van der Knaap, and Stefan Bogaerts. "A Quantitative Study on Gender Differences in Disclosing Child Sexual Abuse and Reasons for Nondisclosure." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 23-24 (July 20, 2017): 5255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517720732.

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Despite the available literature on disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA), little is known about how gender affects disclosure. This article aims to quantitatively examine whether gender differences exist in formal (to legal or child protection authorities) and informal (to a family member or friend) disclosure of CSA and, if so, to assess whether this relation is associated with abuse characteristics and attitudes toward gender roles. The study also aimed to examine whether gender differences exist in reasons not to disclose CSA. Data of a sample of 586 participants, who reported to have experienced CSA committed by a single person, have been used for the analyses. There were no gender differences for formal disclosure, but the informal disclosure rate of CSA was 2.4 times higher for women than men, and this effect remained significant after controlling for abuse characteristics and attitudes, even though the gender difference decreased slightly. Furthermore, women and men reported different reasons for not disclosing CSA in their personal network. Women were more worried than men that family and friends would discover the abuse and reported more insecurity of what to do in this situation. Professionals in the field of CSA should consider a gender perspective when developing guidelines. Men have rarely been the subject of studies of disclosure after CSA. Professionals should focus more on general mental health outcomes of men that are not related with CSA directly, but where the effects of CSA may exert more indirectly through associations with other problems in life.

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Testa, Maria, Brenda A. Miller, William R. Downs, and Denise Panek. "The Moderating Impact of Social Support Following Childhood Sexual Abuse." Violence and Victims 7, no. 2 (January 1992): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.7.2.173.

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The role of social support in moderating the impact of childhood sexual abuse on adult psychological adjustment was examined. Subjects included 475 women, age 18-45, some of whom were currently receiving treatment, others who were not. Women in the treatment group were receiving therapy for either alcoholism, for being battered, or for mental health problems. The comparison group was drawn from two sources: a random household sample and a sample of women attending drinking driver classes. Among both groups, women who had been sexually abused exhibited more psychological symptoms and lower self-esteem compared to those who were not abused. Latency of disclosure of childhood sexual abuse had no impact on long-term consequences of the abuse for either the treatment or the comparison group. However, among women in the comparison group, those who experienced supportive reactions following disclosure of sexual abuse had fewer psychological symptoms and somewhat higher self-esteem relative to those who did not receive support. Social support had no apparent effect on the long-term adjustment of women in the treatment group. Possible explanations for this pattern and directions for future research are discussed.

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Klajner-Diamond, Halina, William Wehrspann, and Paul Steinhauer. "Assessing the Credibility of Young Children's Allegations of Sexual Abuse: Clinical Issues*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 7 (October 1987): 610–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200720.

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In assessing the credibility of young children's (ages 2–7) allegations of sexual abuse clinicians need to know how dynamics of sexual abuse affect disclosure, what situations are most commonly associated with fictitious allegations and how the child's developmental stage affects disclosures. Understanding these issues allows for clear decision making. A clear decision making process flows naturally from an understanding of these issues.

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Schönbucher, Verena, Thomas Maier, Meichun Mohler-Kuo, Ulrich Schnyder, and Markus A. Landolt. "Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse by Adolescents." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 27, no. 17 (July 20, 2012): 3486–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260512445380.

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Shalhoub-Kevorkian, Nadera. "Disclosure of Child Abuse in Conflict Areas." Violence Against Women 11, no. 10 (October 2005): 1263–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801205280180.

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LAWSON, LOUANNE, and MARK CHAFFIN. "False Negatives in Sexual Abuse Disclosure Interviews." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 7, no. 4 (December 1992): 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088626092007004008.

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Buetow, K., K. Gerns, and N. Mings. "Patterns of Disclosure in Childhood Sexual Abuse." Pediatric Emergency Care 7, no. 5 (October 1991): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-199110000-00057.

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Mason, Carole, and Neil Kennedy. "Sexual Abuse in Malawi: Patterns of Disclosure." Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 23, no. 3 (March 18, 2014): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2014.888119.

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McNay, Lisa, Glenn Marland, and Sue Hampson. "Supporting childhood sexual abuse survivors with disclosure." British Journal of Mental Health Nursing 1, no. 3 (September 21, 2012): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2012.1.3.177.

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Violato, Claudio, and Mark Genuis. "Factors Which Differentiate Sexually Abused from Nonabused Males: An Exploratory Study." Psychological Reports 72, no. 3 (June 1993): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3.767.

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In the present study, 200 male university students between the ages of 18 and 27 years (mean = 21.4 yr.) completed a questionnaire designed to record data about childhood sexual abuse. The rate of disclosure of sexual abuse was 14%. Analysis indicated that the 28 abused subjects had experienced earlier separation from parents and a generally more unstable environment than the nonabused subjects. Implications for research are discussed.

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St. George, Suzanne, Anastacia Garcia-Johnson, Emily Denne, and Stacia N. Stolzenberg. "“Did You Ever Fight Back?” Jurors’ Questions to Children Testifying in Criminal Trials About Alleged Sexual Abuse." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 8 (July 6, 2020): 1032–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820935960.

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The current study examined jurors’ questions to children in criminal trials assessing children’s allegations of sexual abuse, demonstrating a new avenue for studying how jurors think about, respond to, and assess evidence. We used qualitative content analysis to examine jurors’ questions to 134, 5- to 17-year-olds alleging sexual abuse in criminal trial testimonies. Five themes emerged: abuse interactions, contextual details of abuse, children’s reactions to abuse, children’s (delayed) disclosure, and case background details. Jurors often ask about abuse dynamics, the context surrounding abuse, and children’s disclosure processes, reflecting common misconceptions about child sexual abuse (CSA), such as whether it is credible to delay disclosure or maintain contact with an alleged perpetrator. This study improves our understanding of how jurors understand and evaluate children’s reports of alleged CSA, suggesting that jurors may struggle to understand children’s reluctance.

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Mooney, Joseph. "Using biographical narrative interviewing methodology to research adults’ experiences of disclosing childhood sexual abuse." Social Work and Social Sciences Review 22, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v22i1.1503.

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Disclosure of sexual abuse can be a process rife with barriers, setbacks and trauma. Those who have experienced sexual abuse in childhood tend to delay disclosure, possibly until adulthood, and can be silenced by structural, societal and personal barriers. Those who do disclose are often referred to as the ‘tip of the iceberg’, highlighting the potentially large hidden population who never come forward. This paper is drawn from a wider study which presented narratives of adults who have disclosed their experiences of childhood sexual abuse to social work services in the Republic of Ireland. In Irish child protection policy such disclosures are called ‘retrospective disclosures’. Recent reports by Irish State bodies have shown that those who have reported their childhood experiences to child protection authorities have not always received the response they would have hoped for (Office of the Ombudsman, 2017; Health Information and Quality Authority, 2016). Since the ‘narrative turn’ in social work research a rich body of work has been produced which explores the use of narrative approaches to address pertinent issues affecting social work practice. Biographical Narrative Interviewing Methodology (BNIM) is one such approach to narrative research and focuses on the presentation of voice and life experience. This paper presents the BNIM data collection process as it was used in the wider study and justifies the rationale for using such a methodology as a means of conducting research on a sensitive topic with a population that are too often silenced. This paper presents how an awareness of the socially constructed environment, the dynamics of abuse and the use of appropriate methodologies can bring such silenced and marginalised voices to the fore.

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MERRY, SALLY N., and LEAH K. ANDREWS. "Psychiatric Status of Sexually Abused Children 12 Months after Disclosure of Abuse." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 33, no. 7 (September 1994): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199409000-00002.

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Rakovec-Felser, Zlatka, and Lea Vidovič. "Maternal Perceptions Of And Responses To Child Sexual Abuse." Slovenian Journal of Public Health 55, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjph-2016-0017.

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Abstract Background Several researches indicate that most child victims delay disclosing of sexual abuse for significant periods of time. There are numerous reasons as to why children are avoiding the disclosure of the abuse. The aim of this study was to determine how a mother’s response to a child’s allegations impacts the child’s willingness to disclose sexual abuse. Methods We conducted a retrospective quantitative and qualitative analysis of 73 court-referred cases of child sexual abuse which have been disclosed in Slovenia in the last ten years. All the child victims included in the study were female and the perpetrators adult male persons. The expert opinions were made by the same expert. Results We realized that, at the occurrence of abuse, the child victims were from 4 to 15 years old and their mean age was at 11. 5 years. About two-thirds of children were victims of the intra-familial type (61.6%) and a little more than one third of extra-familial type of sexual abuse (38.4%). The group of victims with the support of their mothers needed about 9 months to disclose the secret, while the delay of the disclosure in the cases without the support of mothers was much longer (M=6.9 years). Conclusion For female child victims of sexual abuse the perceived protective attitude of their mothers is very important. Especially when the sexual abuse happened in the family, the mother’s support can attribute to stop the ongoing abuse, eliminate its immediate effects and decrease its likely negative long-term outcome.

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Simon, Chan TM, and Tsang WH Wallace. "Disclosure of victimization experiences of Chinese male survivors of intimate partner abuse." Qualitative Social Work 17, no. 6 (April 11, 2017): 744–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325017694080.

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Male victimization in intimate partner abuse situations has long been a neglected phenomenon in academic research and is rarely mentioned in social service provision. The abused male is often absent from the overall picture, such that intimate partner abuse against males remains an invisible occurrence. This is in part due to the reluctance of society to support them, because men are culturally perceived to be masculine and strong. The factors that facilitate or prevent their disclosure are worthy of study because in doing so, could provide a better understanding of how their help-seeking behavior contributes to service planning for both men and women in conflict. This study, therefore, focuses on the individual, organizational and cultural factors that facilitate or prevent the disclosure of intimate partner abuse when experienced by men in a Chinese context. Three general areas have been identified from a literature review: namely, the attribution of the victimization experiences, professional encounters, and cultural conception of masculinity. Eight male survivors have voluntarily participated and recruited through purposive snowball sampling. In-depth interviews are used to obtain the qualitative data. After conducting a thematic analysis, six themes are identified, which are: the perceived uniqueness of the victimization; perceived severity of the victimization; perceived sincerity of the helping professionals; professional actions; ‘macho competence’; and ‘macho protection.’ In conclusion, suggestions are made on how the study findings contribute to developing gender sensitive practices for helping professionals, especially social workers and counsellors, when they work with male survivors of intimate partner abuse.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Disclosure of abuse'

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