Relevant bibliographies by topics / Disclosure formula

Academic literature on the topic 'Disclosure formula'

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Published: 17 July 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Disclosure formula"

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Boosey, Luke, Philip Brookins, and Dmitry Ryvkin. "Information Disclosure in Contests with Endogenous Entry: An Experiment." Management Science 66, no. 11 (November 2020): 5128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3488.

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We use a laboratory experiment to study the effects of disclosing the number of active participants in contests with endogenous entry. At the first stage, potential participants decide whether to enter competition, and at the second stage, entrants choose their investments. In a 2[Formula: see text]2 design, we manipulate the size of the outside option, [Formula: see text], and whether the number of entrants is disclosed between the stages. Theory predicts more entry for lower [Formula: see text] and the levels of entry and aggregate investment to be independent of disclosure in all cases. We find empirical entry frequencies decreasing with [Formula: see text]. For aggregate investment, we find no effect of disclosure when [Formula: see text] is low but a strong positive effect of disclosure when [Formula: see text] is high. The difference is driven by substantial overinvestment in contests with a small, publicly known number of players contrasted by more restrained investment in contests in which the number of players is uncertain and may be small. The behavior under disclosure is explained by a combination of joy of winning and entry regret. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
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Khlapuk, Mykola, Olexander Bezusyak, Liubov Volk, and Zelu Zhang. "Theoretical research of friction factor in hydraulically smooth pipes." E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 10009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128010009.

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The paper presents the disclosure of the problem of calculating the friction factor. This problem exists in the calculations of head losses for a given flow discharge and the geometric parameters of the pipes. The analysis of the formulas recommended by known scientists is described. The article also presents the shortcomings of the formulas and the variance of the adequacy of the experimental data. These research data were obtained by J. Nikuradze for smooth pipes. We obtained a formula based on the method of dimensional analysis. This formula characterizes the inner surface of the pipes. Also, this formula describes the change in the friction factor from the Reynolds number. The accuracy of calculating the obtained formula is higher than the accuracy of existing formulas.
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Halim, Sofyan, and Fatimah Sinar Mustika. "Impact of Size of Company, Profitability and Liquidity on CSRD the Sharia Index Of Trade, Services and Investment Sectors." JUDICIOUS 3, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37010/jdc.v3i2.1088.

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Obtaining knowledge and proof of research that examines the relationship between SCR Disclosure variables from CSR disclosures influenced by company size, profitability and liquidity in issuers of the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index of the trading, services and investment sectors is the purpose of the research. The Research use quantitative causal research methods, with samples using the Slovin formula. Research results that CSR disclosures are positively significantly influenced by the Size and Capacity of the Company, Earnings Per Share which is part of the profitability ratio negatively affected the disclosure of CSR programs, and CSR Program Disclosure is not significantly affected by the Liquidity factor either tested with Current Ratio or with Quick Ratio, but through testing with the simultaneous of F Test all The Variables Independents studied significantly affect CSR disclosures on the Issuer of shares of Indonesian Sharia Index of Trade, Services and Investment Sectors
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Akpan, Dorathy Christopher, and Ubong Okon Nkanta. "Green Accounting Practices and Shareholders’ Value of Listed Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria." European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research 11, no. 6 (May 15, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejaafr.2013/vol11n6123.

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The severity of environmental degradation has its adverse impact on the quality of lives. Measures are being taken both at the national and international level to reduce and mitigate its impact on the environment, social, economic, and political sphere. This study investigated the effect of green accounting practices on shareholders’ value in Nigeria by drawing samples from listed consumer goods firms on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Group from 2012 to 2021. Ex post facto design was used, secondary data were employed and least square dummy variable regression was used in analyzing the data. A sample size of 20 companies were determined using Tato Yamane formula and these companies were selected using simple random sampling technique. Green accounting being the dependent variable was proxied by biodiversity disclosure, emission disclosure, waste disclosure, water & effluents disclosure, and compliance to environmental laws & regulations disclosure. The dependent variable of this study was shareholders’ value proxied by shareholders’ value added (SHVA). The result showed that biodiversity disclosure and compliance to environmental laws disclosures have a positive significant effect on shareholders’ value added; water & effluents disclosures have a positive significant effect on shareholders’ value added of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria during the period under study. It was thus concluded that green accounting practices have significant effect on shareholders’ value added of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Therefore, it was recommended among others that compliance to green accounting practices should be made mandatory for all companies because standard green accounting disclosures are signals to all stakeholders that the companies are ‘green’ and eco- friendly companies and this in turn boost shareholders value.
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Llewelyn, Stephen, Istvan Haag, and Jack Tsonis. "Ezekiel 16 and its use of Allegory and the Disclosure-of-Abomination Formula." Vetus Testamentum 62, no. 2 (2012): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853312x632375.

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Abstract Ezek 16 and 23 have been subjected recently to much critical review, especially from feminist scholars. The present article acknowledges their work but seeks to take the discussion back to a formal analysis of the image of the adulterous wife, with a special focus on Ezek 16 and its use of the ‘disclosure of abomination’ formula. The use of this formula locates the oracle within the legal register but framed in terms of a unilateral covenant. The effect of such a formula and its employment is to silence the woman and give only the accuser/judge a voice. But the use of the formula is figurative and plays to the larger allegorical function of the oracle which, it is argued, places the prophet towards the literate end of the oracy/literacy continuum.
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Zhao, Jing, Mu Li, and Becky Freeman. "A Baby Formula Designed for Chinese Babies: Content Analysis of Milk Formula Advertisements on Chinese Parenting Apps." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 7, no. 11 (November 29, 2019): e14219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14219.

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Background China is the largest market for infant formula. With the increasing use of smartphones, apps have become the latest tool used to promote milk formula. Formula manufacturers and distributors both have seized the popularity of apps as an avenue for marketing. Objective This study aimed to identify and analyze milk formula ads featured on Chinese pregnancy and parenting apps, to build the first complete picture of app-based milk formula marketing techniques being used by milk formula brand variants on these apps, and to more fully understand the ad content that potentially undermines public health messaging about infant and young child feeding. Methods We searched for free-to-download Chinese parenting apps in the 360 App Store, the biggest Android app store in China. The final sample consisted of 353 unique formula ads from the 79 apps that met the inclusion criteria. We developed a content analysis coding tool for categorizing the marketing techniques used in ads, which included a total of 22 coding options developed across 4 categories: emotional imagery, marketing elements, claims, and advertising disclosure. Results The 353 milk formula ads were distributed across 31 companies, 44 brands, and 79 brand variants. Overall, 15 of 31 corporations were international with the remaining 16 being Chinese owned. An image of a natural pasture was the most commonly used emotional image among the brand variants (16/79). All variants included branding elements, and 75 variants linked directly to e-shops. Special price promotions were promoted by nearly half (n=39) of all variants. A total of 5 variants included a celebrity endorsement in their advertising. A total of 25 of the 79 variants made a product quality claim. Only 14 variants made a direct advertisement disclosure. Conclusions The purpose of marketing messages is to widen the use of formula and normalize formula as an appropriate food for all infants and young children, rather than as a specialized food for those unable to breastfeed. Policy makers should take steps to establish an appropriate regulatory framework and provide detailed monitoring and enforcement to ensure that milk formula marketing practices do not undermine breastfeeding norms and behaviors.
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Walińska, Ewa. "Statement of accounting policies as a separate component of financial statements." Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 2016, no. 87(143) (July 4, 2016): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/16414381.1207449.

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This article is devoted to reflection on accounting policy from the perspective of the user of the financialstatements. Its objective is to present a new formula of disclosures concerning accounting policies, which, according to the author, raises the importance and significance of this element of the accounting system.The article presents the essence of accounting policy and its place in the financial statements in the light of applicable accounting law and relevant practices of the largest public companies listed on the StockExchange in Warsaw. The discussion leads to a proposal for the disclosure of accounting policies asa separate component of the financial statements – statement of accounting policies.
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Sibeko, Lindiwe, Anna Coutsoudis, S’phindile Nzuza, and Katherine Gray-Donald. "Mothers’ infant feeding experiences: constraints and supports for optimal feeding in an HIV-impacted urban community in South Africa." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 11 (March 27, 2009): 1983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009005199.

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AbstractObjectiveTo better understand the enabling and challenging factors impacting on infant feeding practices in communities with a high HIV prevalence.DesignQualitative study, with data collected through in-depth interviews and observations of mothers, in addition to discussions with health-service providers.SettingUrban settlement in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.SubjectsMothers recruited from an HIV clinic and from within the community.ResultsEmerging from discussions with mothers on the acceptability of alternative feeding methods were the challenges they encountered in feeding their infants. Mothers readily identified feeding in the context of HIV infection as an issue of great concern, encompassing three central themes: (i) stigma and disclosure of HIV; (ii) confusion and coercion; and (iii) diarrhoea, sickness and free formula. It became evident that mothers rarely received quality infant feeding counselling and consequently mixed feeding, a widespread practice but one that is highly risky for HIV transmission, remained a common feeding practice. Exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) was best practised with support, following disclosure of HIV status. Availability of free formula did not guarantee exclusive formula feeding but instead led to inappropriate feeding practices.ConclusionsIn addition to providing accurate information, health-care workers must be empowered to counsel mothers effectively, addressing issues of disclosure and thereby facilitating mobilization of maternal support networks. These findings illustrate the challenges that exist in policy translation within the context of quality of training for health-care workers on optimizing maternal infant feeding practices, particularly in HIV-prevalent, resource-poor settings.
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Martiningsih, Sri Wulandari, and Willy Sri Yuliandhari. "PENGARUH MODAL INTELEKTUAL DAN PENGUNGKAPAN LAPORAN KEBERLANJUTAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS (Studi pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2014-2016)." Jurnal Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Ekonomi 4, no. 2 (September 24, 2018): 1211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33197/jabe.vol4.iss2.2018.182.

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Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange are companies that need funds from investors so that stakeholders have an important role in the sustainability of the company. companies must make returns on investments made by investors so that companies do various ways to increase profits. Profitability ratios can be used to measure profits that can be obtained by the company. The purpose of this study to analyze the factors that are considered to affect the company's profitability include intellectual capital calculated using the VAICTM formula and disclosure of sustainability reports calculated using the IndexSR formula based on the GRI-G4 Sustainability Report Guidelines. The sample in this study were 19 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2016 period. The method used in this study is descriptive statistics and panel data regression. The sample selection technique used is purposive sampling. Data analysis method uses panel data regression analysis with a significance level of 5%. Based on the results of the study, simultaneous intellectual capital and disclosure of sustainability reports have a significant effect on company profitability of 31.4701%. Partially, intellectual capital has a significant positive effect on profitability while disclosure of sustainability reports does not affect profitability.
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Fischer, Mary, Teresa P. Gordon, and Saleha B. Khumawala. "Tax-Exempt Organizations and Nonarticulation: Estimates Are No Substitute for Disclosure of Cash Provided by Operations." Accounting Horizons 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2008.22.2.133.

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SYNOPSIS: Not-for-profit entities’ audited financial statements are considered proprietary information, but the World Wide Web provides easy access to financial information from Form 990, the information return filed annually with the Internal Revenue Service. However, Form 990 return does not include potentially useful information for donors, creditors, and regulators such as cash provided by operating activities. Because of articulation of financial statements inherent with the double-entry system, it is theoretically possible to derive operating cash flows from revenues, expenses, and balance sheet accounts that are included on the return. The objective of this study is to determine whether cash from operations can be accurately calculated from Form 990 data. Our analysis includes both simple and more elaborate formulas because complexity may reduce potential usefulness even if accuracy increases. Using 254 observations from two industry groups (higher education and conservation/environmental protection), we compare five formulas. The mean absolute percentage errors of our computations were extremely large for all formulas. Even the formula with the smallest errors produced an amount for cash from operations that was correlated with the actual number for only one of the two industries. The paper also describes articulation problems encountered when a small subsample was examined in more detail. As with similar studies of business entities, it appears that an accurate estimate of cash flow from operating activities cannot be derived from the other financial statements. Therefore, based on the results of this study we recommend that Form 990 should be revised to include selected information from the cash flow statement.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Disclosure formula"

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Geerts, Paul Georg Fredrik Alexander. "Enkele formele aspecten van het enquêterecht : analyse van de relevante rechtspraak /." [Deventer] : Kluwer, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/391799908.pdf.

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Tai, Laurence. "Hierarchical Game-Theoretic Models of Transparency in the Administrative State." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10897.

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This dissertation develops three game-theoretic models in each of its three chapters to explore the strategic implications of transparency in the administrative state. Each model contains a similar set of three players: a political principal, an agent representing an agency or a bureaucrat, and an interested third party. The models consider the utility of transparency as a tool for mitigating regulatory capture, in which the third party influences the agent to serve its interest rather than the principal's. Chapter 1, "Transparency and Media Scrutiny in the Regulatory Process," models transparency as the volume of records that the media receives from the agent, which raises the likelihood of news alleging low costs to the interest group after the agent's proposal of lax regulation. Such reports cost these two players and may deter the group from capturing the agent. Among other things, the model describes costs due to distorted policy proposals and loss of information when greater transparency causes inaccurate reports to increase along with accurate ones. In Chapter 2, "Transparency and Power in Rulemaking," transparency is a requirement for the agent to disclose an item of information, such as his message from the regulated party or his signal about the cost of regulation. The agent can always disclose this information, but doing so may increase the principal's power to set regulation higher than he or the regulated party desires. A key result is that transparency is not necessary for the principal to know as much as the agent does but may discourage the generation of the message or signal. Chapter 3, "A Reverse Rationale for Reliance on Regulators," suggests that an agent can benefit a principal not by gathering information from an outsider that she cannot access, but by preventing her from obtaining or acting on this information. The agent benefits the principal when he induces additional effort in the outside party's information generation because he is more adversarial toward that party than she is. Mandatory disclosure of the agent's information is harmful because it effectively allows the outsider to communicate directly with the principal and provide lower quality information.
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Yeh, Ying-Chin, and 葉穎瑾. "An examination of relation between environmental disclosure and earnings management-Illegal Dumping of Toxic Industrial Waste of Formosa Plastics Inc." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/273yv3.

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碩士
銘傳大學
會計學系碩士班
93
Companies could have much political pressure because of the unexpected environment pollution. For this reason, we apply political-cost hypothesis to examine within the context of the earnings management response by polluted industries following the December, 1998 illegal dumping of toxic industrial waste of Formosa Plastics Inc. Furthermore, this study examines the relation between the level of environmental disclosure and the extent of earnings management in response to regulatory threat. We use OLS analysis to examine 7 polluted industries listed in Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation. The results from these tests support the political-cost hypothesis and are consistent with the view that managers adjust earnings in response to environmental pollution events. In addition, companies with higher levels of environmental disclosures in their financial reports exhibit lower levels of earnings management. In other word, it indicates that companies with more extensive environmental disclosures in their financial report would have less incentive to manage their earnings figures downwards for reducing the sensitiveness of political pressure. These results are consistent with the argument that corporate management believes environmental disclosure is an effective tool for reducing sensitivity to political pressure.
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Chang, Yi-Yih, and 張伊易. "Environmental Disclosures and Stock Price Behavior-An Event Study of Illegal Dumping of Toxic Industrial Waste of Formosa Plastics Inc." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52592369990878336433.

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碩士
東吳大學
會計學系
90
News of the illegal dumping of toxic industrial waste（nearly 3000 tons of highly toxic mercury-tainted waste）near a Cambodian port of Sihanoukville by Taiwan’s biggest conglomerate, the Formosa Plastics Group (FPG), was first surfaced in Taiwan’s domestic press on December 16, 1998. Several tests of the waste were done by the independent parties produced a wide range of toxicity levels and determined that the waste materials were contaminated with high levels of mercury as well as a possible hazardous mixture of other metals. This study attempts to examine the relationship between the stock price behavior and the environmental disclosures on this environmental issue among plastics listed companies for which necessary data are available. This research adopts event study methodology and observes both short-window and long-window effects. The empirical results are: (1) For the short-window, both FPG and the plastic industry had negative stock price reaction upon the announcement of illegal dumping event; (2) For the long-window, the cumulative abnormal returns of plastics industry are positive but not significant statistically. (3) The consecutive environmental disclosures in the Annual Reports of plastics public companies had negative stock return on this environmental issue.
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Books on the topic "Disclosure formula"

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Garrett, Carla Young. Lawyers guide to formulas in deal documents and SEC filings. Edited by Trubitt Hayden and Swartz Matt. New York: Law Journal Press, 2008.

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1957-, Coughlin Steven S., and Beauchamp Tom L, eds. Ethics and epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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1957-, Coughlin Steven S., and Beauchamp Tom L, eds. Ethics and epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Cunningham-Hill, Susan, and Karen Elder. 16. Disclosure and inspection. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787655.003.0016.

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This chapter considers the definition of ‘disclosure’, its purpose, its extent, and the process whereby it is implemented. It also looks at other types of disclosure and the times at which such disclosure may take place — some of which may be before litigation has been commenced. The formal provisions for disclosure are contained in the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) 31 and the accompanying Practice Direction (PD). The formal disclosure rules apply to cases in the fast track and the multi-track. They do not automatically apply to the small claims track.
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Cunningham-Hill, Susan, and Karen Elder. 16. Disclosure and Inspection. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823193.003.0016.

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This chapter considers the definition of ‘disclosure’, its purpose, its extent, and the process whereby it is implemented. It also looks at other types of disclosure and the times at which such disclosure may take place—some of which may be before litigation has been commenced. The formal provisions for disclosure are contained in the Civil Procedure Rules 31 and the accompanying Practice Direction. The formal disclosure rules apply to cases in the fast track and the multi-track. They do not automatically apply to the small claims track. Disclosure has been much in the legal press recently, and the new draft disclosure rules are discussed.
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Newins, Amie R., and Laura C. Wilson. A Clinician's Guide to Disclosures of Sexual Assault. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197523643.001.0001.

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Sexual assault is a worldwide public health concern, as it occurs to people of all genders at alarming rates and results in serious physical and mental health sequelae. The reactions survivors receive from formal and informal supports can significantly influence their recovery. Given the prevalence of sexual assault, all providers need to be prepared to handle disclosures of sexual assault from clients. The aim of this book is to provide guidance on how to interact with survivors of sexual assault, which the authors define as sexual contact or penetration without the explicit consent of the victim. While the book is primarily geared toward mental health professionals, the content is also relevant for professionals who work in medical settings, educational settings, law enforcement, and victim services. The authors also highlight that there are particular populations (e.g., racial and sexual minorities) and settings (e.g., military, higher education) that require particular considerations when discussing sexual violence. Overall, professionals have an instrumental role in facilitating survivor recovery, and this book provides best practices for providing services in an affirming manner. The book begins with a review of literature focused on sexual assault and survivor disclosure. Then, recommendations are provided for conducting assessments and psychotherapy with survivors of sexual assault. Case examples are presented to help illustrate specific recommendations for working with survivors of sexual assault. Finally, particular recommendations for various specific populations are provided.
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Christopher, Gosnell. Part III The Right to Justice, C Restrictions on Rules of Law Justified By Action to Combat Impunity, Principle 28 Restrictions on the Effects of Legislation on Disclosure or Repentance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743606.003.0032.

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Principle 28 deals with restrictions on the effects of legislation on disclosure or repentance. According to this Principle, a person’s formal confession of a crime may, pursuant to ‘provisions of legislation on disclosure and repentance’, justify a ‘reduction of sentence’ but not ‘exempt[ion]’ from ‘criminal or other responsibility’. Such a person may be granted asylum, presumably by another State, where such a confession ‘may subject the perpetrator to persecution’. Principle 28 thus highlights the maximum benefit that may be accorded to a confession under an amnesty program: a reduction of sentence but not ‘exemption’ from responsibility altogether. However, this distinction does not reflect any established practice or norms of international law. This chapter first provides a contextual and historical background on Principle 28 before discussing its theoretical framework and how exemption from criminal responsibility in return for confession has been applied in practice.
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Sime, Stuart. 36. Offers to Settle. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823100.003.4348.

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Part 36 of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR) provides a means for a party to make a formal offer in settlement of the claim which will be treated as without prejudice for the purposes of liability and remedies, but which can be disclosed to the court on the question of costs. This chapter discusses offers to settle before the commencement of proceedings; making a Part 36 offer; acceptance of a Part 36 offer; rejections, counter-offers, and subsequent offers; withdrawal and amendment of Part 36 offers; failing to obtain judgment more advantageous than a Part 36 offer; advising on Part 36 offers; non-disclosure to judge; and Part 36 offers in appeals.
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Sime, Stuart. 36. Offers to settle. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787570.003.4348.

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Part 36 of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR) provides a means for a party to make a formal offer in settlement of the claim which will be treated as without prejudice for the purposes of liability and remedies, but which can be disclosed to the court on the question of costs. This chapter discusses offers to settle before the commencement of proceedings; making a Part 36 offer; acceptance of a Part 36 offer; rejections, counter-offers, and subsequent offers; withdrawal and amendment of Part 36 offers; failing to obtain judgment more advantageous than a Part 36 offer; advising on Part 36 offers; non-disclosure to judge; and Part 36 offers in appeals.
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Sime, Stuart. 36. Offers to settle. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198747673.003.4348.

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Part 36 of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR) provides a means for a party to make a formal offer in settlement of the claim which will be treated as without prejudice for the purposes of liability and remedies, but which can be disclosed to the court on the question of costs. This chapter discusses offers to settle before the commencement of proceedings; making a Part 36 offer; acceptance of a Part 36 offer; rejections, counter-offers, and subsequent offers; withdrawal and amendment of Part 36 offers; failing to obtain judgment more advantageous than a Part 36 offer; advising on Part 36 offers; non-disclosure to judge; and Part 36 offers in appeals.
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Book chapters on the topic "Disclosure formula"

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Oster, Zachary J., Ganesh Ram Santhanam, Samik Basu, and Vasant Honavar. "Model Checking of Qualitative Sensitivity Preferences to Minimize Credential Disclosure." In Formal Aspects of Component Software, 205–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35861-6_13.

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Nzombe, Loice S., Rodwell Makombe, and Oliver Nyambi. "Virtual Disclosures and Self-emancipations: The Female Body and Self-identity on Online Platforms in Phuthaditjhaba." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 127–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15773-8_9.

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AbstractOnline social sites have become popular platforms for reimagining the self and (re)constructing identities. In a consumer-orientated neoliberal global order where bodies have become products to be branded, packaged and marketed, social networks have become ideal platforms for the representation and identification of bodies. Although some studies have examined the discursive construction of identities online, few have focused on the representation of the female body on social media and none has done so in the context of semi-urban spaces with a history of systemic underdevelopment such as the former Bantustan capital, Phuthaditjhaba. Thus, there is a clear dearth of knowledge about how we can read the impact of new technologies on the ever-shifting notions and perceptions of identity construction in such places. In line with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) goal five, which envisages gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls by 2030, this chapter investigates how women in Phuthaditjhaba have appropriated social networks to instrumentalise the female body as a site and mechanic of female emancipation. We used netnography as instrument to collect data from 30 women users of Facebook and visual/textual analysis as an analytical framework to interrogate how the participants constructed identity and represented the female body on the selected social networking sites in the context of emerging and historical dimensions and dynamics of Phuthaditjhaba. Results of the study show that social media networks provide women in remote areas with an opportunity to discursively challenge limiting cultural traditions and formulate empowering and experiential new identities.
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Albers, Nele, Mark A. Neerincx, Nadyne L. Aretz, Mahira Ali, Arsen Ekinci, and Willem-Paul Brinkman. "Attitudes Toward a Virtual Smoking Cessation Coach: Relationship and Willingness to Continue." In Persuasive Technology, 265–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30933-5_17.

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AbstractVirtual coaches have the potential to address the low adherence common to eHealth applications for behavior change by, for example, providing motivational support. However, given the multitude of factors affecting users’ attitudes toward virtual coaches, more insights are needed on how such virtual coaches can be designed to affect these attitudes in a specific use context positively. Especially valuable are insights that are based on users interacting with such a virtual coach for longer. We thus conducted a study in which more than 500 smokers interacted with the text-based virtual coach Sam in five sessions. In each session, Sam assigned smokers a new preparatory activity for quitting smoking and provided motivational support for doing the activity. Based on a mixed-methods analysis of users’ willingness to continue working and their relationship with Sam, we obtained eight themes for users’ attitudes toward Sam. These themes relate to whether Sam is seen as human or artificial, specific characteristics of Sam (e.g., caring character), the interaction with Sam, and the relationship with Sam. We used these themes to formulate literature-based recommendations to guide designers of virtual coaches for behavior change. For example, letting the virtual coach get to know users and disclose more information about itself may improve its relationship with users.
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Velez, Ana Rita, Fábio Albuquerque, and Vera Pinto. "Assessing the Comparability and the Understandability of the Information on Cash Flows by European-Listed Entities." In Accounting and Financial Reporting Challenges for Government, Non-Profits, and the Private Sector, 83–112. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7293-4.ch004.

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This chapter aims to assess the comparability and understandability of information on cash flows through the choices by entities in the presentation of the statement of cash flows (SCF) and the disclosure of non-generally accepted accounting principles measures (NGM) related to cash flow information, respectively. Data were obtained from 484 consolidated annual reports, between 2018 and 2021, from 121 entities listed on Euronext. The findings indicated that interest paid and received (dividends paid) were generally classified in the operating (financing) category, contrary to (aligned with) the proposed in the exposure draft (ED) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The findings also showed that entities often disclose NGM related to cash flows and present their formula and the possibility of reconciliation with the SCF. This research contributes to the discussion around the comparability, and understandability of information in the context of the current IASB's ED, which aims to standardise the presentation and the disclosure requirements on cash flows.
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Frank, Cathrine O. "Dignity, Disclosure, and the Right to Privacy: The Strange Characters of Dr. Jekyll and Dorian Gray." In Character, Writing, and Reputation in Victorian Law and Literature, 165–206. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474485708.003.0005.

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Chapter Four reads Stevenson’s and Wilde’s novels through the lens of Warren and Brandeis’s 1890 Harvard Law Review article “The Right to Privacy” and examines the ways in which each novel explores the idea of controlling one’s image by controlling the disclosure of or access to forms of intellectual and artistic property (the formula, the confession, the portrait) and with them the “personality” grounding privacy. Because ownership, no matter how broadly defined, continues as the foundation of inviolability, these novels raise questions about the integrity of the personality that could have such rights and under what conditions those rights become forfeit. Subjects of gossip on the one hand, on the other hand, both Dr. Jekyll and Dorian engage in acts of self-disclosure where the act emphasizes self-possession but the nature of the disclosure (or the failure to read it correctly) emphasizes an alienated self. Depicted through scenes of disarticulation and growing incoherence, Henry Jekyll and Dorian Gray thus provide a limit test of the premise of “inviolability” on which Warren and Brandeis build their privacy protection.
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"The Disclosure Formula in the Epistolary Papyri and in the New Testament: Development, Form, Function, and Syntax." In The Language of the New Testament, 421–38. BRILL, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004236400_018.

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Conoley, Collie W., and Michael J. Scheel. "Major Techniques and Interventions." In Goal Focused Positive Psychotherapy, 41–72. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190681722.003.0003.

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This chapter present the techniques and interventions of Goal Focused Positive Psychotherapy (GFPP). Highlighted are the therapist’s intentions to emphasize the client’s strengths and to facilitate the expression of positive emotions, hope, and goals while focusing on the therapeutic alliance. Psychotherapy is not viewed as a set of potent scripted treatments that act upon the client. The therapeutic techniques include nonverbal communication, mirroring, open and closed questions, paraphrase and reflection, challenge, summarizing, empathy, interpretation, self-disclosure, immediacy, information giving, and direct guidance. The interventions include capitalization, self-affirmation, formula-first-session-task, reframing, success-finding, encouragement, visualizing success, miracle question, scaling questions, best-possible-self, count your blessings, self-compassion, and mindfulness. The practitioner is urged to use GFPP’s theoretical model to guide the treatment intentions and use any techniques and interventions that fit with the client and the GFPP model.
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Brakman, Dana. "The Philanthropy LLC." In For-Profit Philanthropy, 21—C1P148. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190074500.003.0002.

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Abstract Philanthropy limited liability companies (LLCs) have increasingly displaced the private foundation. The foundation ensures that elite giving lives up to its promises, so its decline should set off alarm bells. The flexibility of the LLC undoes the accountability delivered by the foundation. This innovation permits donors to delay their giving, allows them to make for-profit investments while engaging in transactions with for-profit businesses, and enables them to selectively disclose information about their activities. Philanthropy LLCs unshackle elites, allowing them in theory to deliver benefits surpassing those created through foundations. Timing giving to moments of society’s greatest need rather than following the foundation’s rigid formula, for example, could impact more lives. But the public would need to embrace a philanthropy LLC’s promises to do good without the accountability safeguards provided by the foundation. A betrayal could shatter the public’s trust in elite giving, with consequences for all of philanthropy.
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Conference papers on the topic "Disclosure formula"

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Halpern, Joseph Y., and Evan Piermont. "Dynamic Awareness." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/48.

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We investigate how to model the beliefs of an agent who becomes more aware. We use the framework of Halpern and Rego (2013) by adding probability, and define a notion of a model transition that describes constraints on how, if an agent becomes aware of a new formula φ in state s of a model M, she transitions to state s* in a model M*. We then discuss how such a model can be applied to information disclosure.
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Ribeiro, Jandson S., and Matthias Thimm. "Consolidation via Tacit Culpability Measures: Between Explicit and Implicit Degrees of Culpability." In 18th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2021}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2021/50.

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Restoring consistency of a knowledge base, known as consolidation, should preserve as much information as possible of the original knowledge base. On the one hand, the field of belief change captures this principle of minimal change via rationality postulates. On the other hand, within the field of inconsistency measurement, culpability measures have been developed to assess how much a formula participates in making a knowledge base inconsistent. We look at culpability measures as a tool to disclose epistemic preference relations and build rational consolidation functions. We introduce tacit culpability measures that consider semantic counterparts between conflicting formulae, and we define a special class of these culpability measures based on a fixed-point characterisation: the stable tacit culpability measures. We show that the stable tacit culpability measures yield rational consolidation functions and that these are also the only culpability measures that yield rational consolidation functions.
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Wettstein, Hans E. "Polytropic Change of State Calculations." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36202.

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Polytropic change of state calculations are used within many thermodynamic cycle analysis tasks for turbomachinery like gas turbines or compressors. The typical approach is using formulas, which are theoretically valid for ideal gas conditions only. But often gases are used, which do certainly not behave like ideal gases. This is motivation to check how and which polytropic change of state algorithms can be used for real gases or corresponding mixtures. There is a vast experience on polytropic efficiencies achievable with existing turbomachinery. Manufacturers calibrate their performance analysis with real test results for compensating potential deviations from their analysis approach. But they normally do not disclose their approaches for the thermodynamic calculation and the corrections made based on their test results. But for investigations of new thermodynamic cycles before the stage of development with an available demonstrator a best possible prediction of the performance is desired. In this paper the assumptions and formulas for calculating polytropic changes of state and polytropic efficiencies are gathered from literature. The most fundamental assumption is based on a constant dissipation rate during the polytropic change of state. It could be tracked back to Zeuner, Stodola and Dzung. A numerically convenient approximation is the “polytropic exponent approach”. It fulfills the first assumption for an ideal gas but it is only an approximation for real gases. The temperature after a polytropic change of state is defined by its initial condition, the pressure ratio and the polytropic efficiency. Three different calculation algorithms are compared here: The recursive “constant dissipation rate algorithm” suggested by the author, the most used “ideal gas formula” and the “polytropic exponent formula” as the most used approximation for real gases. Numeric results for compression from 1bar to up to 100bar are shown for dry air, Argon, Neon, Nitrogen, Oxygen and CO2. The deviations of the different calculation approaches are considerable.
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Miklau, Gerome, and Dan Suciu. "A formal analysis of information disclosure in data exchange." In the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1007568.1007633.

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Mehdy, A. K. M. Nuhil, and Hoda Mehrpouyan. "Modeling of Personalized Privacy Disclosure Behavior: A Formal Method Approach." In ARES 2021: The 16th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3465481.3470102.

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Wang, Caimei, Yan Xiong, Wenchao Huang, Huihua Xia, and Jianmeng Huang. "Formal Analysis of Selective Disclosure Attribute-Based Credential System in Applied Pi Calculus." In 2016 IEEE Trustcom/BigDataSE/I​SPA. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/trustcom.2016.0044.

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