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Wong, Ming-ho Horatio, and 黃明浩. "Computer integration of the electrical discharge machining process." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30071653.
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Leclerc, Chantale Marie fd1970. "Process evaluation of an integrated model of discharge planning." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0010/MQ40831.pdf.
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Yemm, Rowan. "Exploration of care continuity during the hospital discharge process." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/53420/.
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Background Communication regarding medicines at hospital discharge via discharge summaries is notoriously poor and negatively impacts on patient care. With the process being dependant on the quality of patient records during admission, junior doctors who write them and General Practitioners (GPs) who receive them, the objectives of this thesis were, with respect to discharge summaries, to:- assess their timeliness, accuracy and quality describe GP preferences explore experiences of junior doctors regarding their preparation. Methods Discharge summaries produced from one district general hospital were audited, as was the impact of changing the format of inpatient drug charts. A combination of observation, think-aloud and ethnographic interviews were conducted to investigate experiences of junior hospital doctors preparing summaries. A survey of GPs and junior doctors was undertaken to compare attitudes towards the discharge process. A pilot Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was developed and undertaken with GPs to determine their preferences with respect to the format, quality and timing of discharge summaries. Results A large proportion of discharge summaries were found to be inaccurate, however this was reduced when checked by a pharmacist. Key barriers to summary preparation identified were lack of time, training and knowledge of the patient. GPs perceived medicine changes on discharge summaries to be more important than did junior doctors. The DCE found that GPs were willing to trade timeliness of discharge summaries with accuracy. Discussion and conclusions The error rate within discharge summaries highlights the importance of a pharmacy accuracy check. The national requirement to deliver discharge summaries within 24 hours of discharge results in the pharmacist being bypassed and places additional pressure on junior doctors to prepare them in a timely manner, which might provide explanation for poor quality. Interestingly, GPs were willing to forego receipt of discharge summaries within 24 hours in preference for a reduced error rate. Keywords: patient discharge, discharge summary, patient transfer, interdisciplinary communication, medication errors.
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Cannaby, Ann-Marie. "Improving the process of hospital discharge for medical patients." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29454.
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A combination of methods was used in the development of the discharge intervention for patients on medical wards, these included: (1) Patient interviews and professional focus groups which explored barriers to a successful discharge; (2) A systematic review of comprehensive discharge protocols examined the effects of standardising discharge practices; (3) Reviews of patient education methods informed the intervention's components; (4) Patient and professional surveys explored perspectives, perceptions of information needs and current practices which influenced the intervention's content and design. A pilot study tested the usability and acceptability of an educational intervention in hospital and the community. The facilitated intervention (computer presentation and booklet) was designed to give patients confidence to participate and ask questions about their discharge. Patient outcome measures included knowledge, SF36, a validated patient diary and self-efficacy questionnaire. Barriers to a successful discharge included lack of knowledge, poor communication and co-ordination of discharge and no clear definition of professionals' roles. The systematic review of discharge planning protocols showed no significant improvements in patient outcomes. Patient and professional questionnaires highlighted a lack of written information and patients identified the need for specific information, with greater importance placed on information post-discharge. The patient education intervention was piloted with 50 patients, 48 understood their diagnosis and 46 could explain their medication. Significant differences were found in the SF36 (pain, social functioning and activities) and the self-efficacy questionnaire (between discharge and one month post discharge). Patients found the intervention usable and reported increased confidence to ask questions. A definitive randomised controlled trial is required to establish the effect of the education package on patient outcomes.
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Biro, Victoria Dawn. "Inpatient mental health professionals' perceptions of the discharge planning process." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050215.132606/index.html.
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Crawford, Gregory Allan. "Process characterization of Electrical Discharge Machining of highly doped silicon." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74893.
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Thesis (Nav. E. and S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 107).
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is an advanced machining process that removes material via thermal erosion through a plasma arc. The machining process is accomplished through the application of high frequency current (typically through a fine wire or some other electrode) to a conductive workpiece. The electrode is physically separated from the workpiece by some small distance and the potential difference is commonly discharged through an insulating dielectric material such as deionized water or oil. This short duration application of current produces a spark across the gap between the electrode and workpiece, causing vaporization and melting of local material in both the electrode and workpiece. The EDM process is most frequently used for conductive substrates (i.e. metals); however, research has shown that the process may be successfully used on semiconductor substrates such as doped silicon wafers'. The purpose of this research was to characterize the EDM process using Design of Experiments (DOE) statistical methodology on highly doped silicon wafer workpieces for material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) for both Wire EDM (WEDM) and die sinker EDM machines. Once process characterization was completed, confirmation testing was conducted for each machine. The applied spark energy had a significant impact on processing speed for both machines as expected, with the WEDM processing also heavily dependent on selected control speed. Surface roughness was also found to be highly dependent on spark energy for both machines. Evaluation of minimum obtainable feature sizes for some specific geometries as well as evaluation of various effects on the processing of silicon were also conducted.
by Gregory Allan Crawford.
Nav.E.and S.M.
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Barman, Ishan. "Effect of permeation of discharge characteristics of capacitive deionization process." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42302.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007."June 2007."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-90).
Cost-effective desalination of seawater can be a panacea for the growing freshwater crisis that ranks alongside the problems of shortage of viable energy resources and global warming in terms of its frightening global spread and magnitude. However, the energy guzzling nature of the existing desalination technologies has resulted in very limited relief characterized by a meager 0.3% contribution to the annual water use. In recent years, capacitive deionization (CDI) has been reported to potentially solve some of the crucial issues that have plagued the classical desalination processes. CDI is a low-pressure, non-membrane desalination technology that employs the basic electrochemical principle of adsorbing ions in a capacitive fashion to high surface-area electrodes such that the outgoing stream becomes devoid of the ions that were present in the incoming stream. Although the power efficiency of CDI is nearly an order-of-magnitude superior to the existing processes, it is plagued by the problem of low water recovery ratio. The costs of pumping and pre- and post-treatment of water added to the rising costs of surface water makes maximizing the recovery ratio a priority. Moreover, the throughput of the plant is related to the water recovery ratio. To drastically reduce the problem of low water recovery ratio while still maintaining the sizeable power consumption advantage of the CDI process, we propose a capacitive deionization process with permeating flow discharge (PFD). In PFD, the waste water is permeated through the porous electrodes rather than flowing in-between the electrodes as is the case in the conventional axial flow discharge (AFD) process.
(cont.) We hypothesize that the rate of removal of ions from a channel setup is higher for a process that is influenced by solvent drag (PFD) than for one which is diffusion limited (AFD), given the same flow conditions. A table-top setup, designed to simulate the AFD and PFD processes, is used to obtain precise experimental evidence for the ion removal rate for each process. A mathematical model based on unsteady convection-diffusion process for AFD and membrane transport process for PFD is presented. We find that over smaller time scales, permeating flow is much more efficient in removing the ions detached from the electrical double layer in the porous electrode. Based on our experimental observations, we observe that the use of the PFD process, under conventional operational conditions, can cause a discharge time reduction by at least a factor of two. Numerical simulations carried out on the basis of this model are shown to compare favorably with the experimental observations. The model predicts that the reduction in discharge time translates to an increase in water recovery ratio by approximately 30 percent. Moreover, the clear superiority in power efficiency is not surrendered by employing this new scheme.
by Ishan Barman.
S.M.
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Yamasaki, Alisa. "Evaluation of the Discharge Care Coordination Process for Elderly Patients." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17295899.
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BinMahfouz, Abdullah S. "Process integration techniques for optimizing seawater cooling sytems and biocide discharge." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4893.
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This work addresses the problem of using seawater for cooling and the associated
environmental problems caused by the usage and discharge of biocides. The discharged
biocide and its byproducts are toxic to aquatic lives and must be decreased below certain
discharge limits on load prior to discharge. The conventional approach has been to add
biocide removal units as an end-of-pipe treatment. This work introduces an integrated
approach to reducing biocide discharge throughout a set of coordinated strategies for inplant
modifications and biocide removal. In particular, process integration tools are used
to reduce heating and cooling requirements through the synthesis of a heat-exchange
network. Heat integration among process of hot and cold streams is pursued to an
economic extent by reconciling cost reduction in utilities versus any additional capital
investment of the heat exchangers. Other strategies include maximization of the
temperature range for seawater through the process and optimization of biocide dosage.
This new approach has the advantage of providing cost savings while reducing the usage and discharge of biocides. A case study is used to illustrate the usefulness of this new
approach and the accompanying design techniques.
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Sudiarso, Andi. "In-process electrochemical discharge dressing of metal-bonded diamond grinding wheels." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.694749.
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Mediliyegedara, T. K. K. R. "Intelligent process monitoring and control approaches for electro chemical discharge machining." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426445.
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Siazon, Maria Reina Ventura. "Evaluating the Discharge Process Improvement Initiative in Reducing the Length of Stay." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6949.
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Extended hospital length of stay (LOS) causes increased health care costs and incidence of never events, such as hospital-acquired infections, pressure ulcers, and falls, which are not reimbursed by Medicare. This study examined if there would be a statistically significant decrease in the LOS of patients after the implementation of a discharge process improvement initiative (DPII), The model for improvement and small tests of change concept were used to guide the DPII at a hospital in northern California. Sources of data included archival data obtained from the hospital's quality improvement department that showed LOS prior to and after the implementation of the DPII. The LOS for 2015 and 2017 were compared using the t test for independent samples. The LOS in 2015 was longer (M = 4.59, SD = 3.66) than in 2017 (M = 4.09, SD = 3.81), a statistically significant difference, M = 0.50, 95% CI [0.32, 0.67], t (77) = 5.574, p = .005, d = 1.3, showing that the implementation of the DPII led to a reduction in the LOS. This reduction cannot be attributed solely to the DPII because other projects were implemented at the same time, such as the Clinical Decisions Unit and multidisciplinary rounds. Future research could focus on the relationship between reduced LOS and readmission and the degree of collaboration among health care team members. The implications of this study for social change include the potential to lower health care costs and increase patients' awareness of their responsibility for their own health.
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Uahengo, Foibe Dimbulukwa Lawanifwa. "Estimating particle size of hydrocyclone underflow discharge using image analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86365.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Hydrocyclones are stationary separating machines that separate materials based on centrifugal separation and are widely used in chemical engineering and mineral processing industries. Their design and operation, compact structure, low running costs and versatility all contribute to their applications in liquid clarification, slurry thickening, solid washing and classification. With any of these operations, the overall profitability of the process relies on the effective control of the process equipment. However, in practice, hydrocyclones are difficult to monitor and control, owing to the complexity and difficulty in measuring internal flows in the equipment. Several studies have indicated that hydrocyclone underflow images can be used to monitor process conditions. The research described in this thesis considers the use of image analysis to monitor particle size and solids concentration in the underflow discharge of a hydrocyclone. The experimental work consisted of laboratory and industrial-based case studies. The laboratory cyclone used was a 76 mm general laboratory cyclone. A Canon EOS 400D digital camera was used for the underflow imaging. Image features such as pixel intensity values, underflow discharge width and grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) were extracted from the images using MATLAB Toolbox software. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and neural network (NN) classification models were used to discriminate between different PGM ore types based on features extracted from the underflow of the hydrocyclone. Likewise, multiple linear regression and neural network models were used to estimate the underflow solids content and mean particle size in the hydrocyclone underflow. The LDA model could predict the PGM ore types with 61% reliability, while the NN model could do so with a statistically similar 62% reliability. The multiple linear regression models could explain 56% and 40% of variance in the mean particle size and solids content respectively. In contrast, the neural network model could explain 67% and 45% of the variance of the mean particle size and solids content respectively. For the industrial system, a 100% correct classification was achieved with all methods. However, these results are regarded as unreliable, owing to the insufficient data used in the models.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hidrosiklone is stasionêre skeidingsmasjiene wat materiale skei op grond van sentrifugale skeiding en word algemeen gebruik in die chemiese ingenieurswese en mineraalprosessering industrieë. Hul ontwerp en werking, kompakte struktuur, lae bedryfskoste en veelsydigheid dra by tot hul gebruik vir toepassings in vloeistofsuiwering, slykverdikking, vastestof wassing en klassifikasie. In enige van hierdie prosesse hang die oorhoofse winsgewendheid van die proses af van die effektiewe beheer van die prosestoerusting. In die praktyk is hidrosiklone egter moeilik om te monitor en beheer weens die kompleksiteit en moeilikheidsgraad daarvan om die interne vloei in die apparaat te meet. Verskeie studies het aangedui dat hidrosikloon ondervloeibeelde gebruik kan word om die proseskondisies te monitor. Die navorsing beskryf in hierdie tesis maak gebruik van beeldanalise moniteringstegnieke om die ertstipes en grootte- verspreidingsgebiede/ klasse van die ondervloei afvoerpartikels te bepaal. Sodoende word ‘n grondslag gelê vir verbeterde sikloon monitering en beheer. Die eksperimentele werk het bestaan uit beide laboratorium en industrieel-gebaseerde studies. Die laboratorium sikloon wat gebruik is, was ‘n 76 mm algemene laboratorium sikloon. ‘n Canon EOS 400D digitale kamera is gebruik om die hidrosikloon ondervloei beelde vas te vang. Beeldeienskappe soos beeldelement intensiteitswaardes, ondervloei afvoerwydte en grysvlak mede-voorkoms matriks is onttrek uit die beelde deur gebruik te maak van MATLAB Toolbox sagteware. Lineêre diskriminantanalise (LDA) en neural netwerk (NN) klassifikasiemodelle is gebou om te onderskei tussen die verskillende PGM ertse en gebaseer op veranderlikes wat afgelei is uit beelde van die ondervloei van die sikloon. Net so is daar ook gebruik gemaak van lineêre regressie- en neural netwerkmodelle om die vasestofkonsentrasie en gemiddelde partikelgrootte in die ondervloei van die sikloon te beraam. Die LDA model kon die PGM ertstipes met 61% betroubaarheid voorspel, terwyl die neural netwerkmodel dit kon doen met statisties dieselfde betroubaarheid van 62%. Die lineêre regressiemodelle kon onderskeidelik 56% en 40% van die variansie in die gemiddelde partikelgrootte en vastestofkonsentrasie verduidelik. In teenstelling iermee, kon die neurale netwerkmodel 67% en 45% van die variansie in die gemiddelde partikelgrootte en vastestofkonsentrasie verduidelik. In die nywerheidstelsel kon beide tipe modelle perfekte onderskeid tref tussen die partikelgroottes wat gemeet is op opeenvolgende dae van die bedryf van die siklone. Hierdie resultate is egter nie betroubaar nie, a.g.v. die beperkte hoeveelheid data wat beskikbaar was vir modellering.
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Kolhekar, Ketaki R. "Study of Gas Film and its Effect on the Electrochemical Discharge Machining Process." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522419144100495.
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Scarlett, Marjorie V. "Evidence-Based Diabetic Discharge Guideline: A Standardized Initiative to Promote Nurses' Adherence." NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_con_stuetd/51.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects more than 29.1 million Americans. Standardized clinical practice guidelines recommended by regulatory healthcare agencies are the standard of care for diabetic patients and must be adhered to by healthcare professionals providing care. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to identify Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’, Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization’s, and other professional healthcare organizations’ guidelines for nurses’ knowledge of evidence-based discharge practices; determine level of nurses’ knowledge on evidence-based discharge practice process; develop a quality improvement plan, including development of an evidence-based guideline for diabetic discharge instructions; present guideline to stakeholders; implement the guideline in fall of 2017; and evaluate nursing compliance with the guideline at a for-profit adult care hospital in South Florida. Theoretical Framework: The chronic care model was utilized as the framework. This model has been used for improving practice and preventing many chronic illnesses. Methods: Two quantitative nonparametric descriptive designs were used, the Wilcoxon signed- rank test and a paired t test. An online demographic survey and pre- and posttest surveys were administered to determine nurses’ knowledge of diabetes discharge guideline practices. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) evaluation tool evaluated the guideline, and data were analyzed with Wilcoxon and paired t tests. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the pre-posttest survey responses for question 5 (p=0.046 Wilcoxon; p=0.041t test), and question 13 (p= 0.022 Wilcoxon; p=0.018 t test), indicating improvement. With the AGREE II tool, the multidisciplinary team evaluated the guideline at 100%, and 76% of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) and Registered Nurses (RNs) demonstrated compliance with guideline use. Conclusion: A standardized diabetic discharge guideline incorporated into the hospital’s discharge process provided APRNs and RNs with tools for educating and providing diabetic patients for increase in quality of life after discharge. The guideline was recommended by the administrative team for continued use throughout the hospital. Implementation of an evidence-based standardized diabetic discharge guideline to promote nurses’ adherence results in effective nursing practices and an informed patient population.
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Hikita, M., M. Fujimori, N. Hayakawa, and H. Okubo. "Image process discharge classification under nonuniform fields in air and He at low pressure." IEEE, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6813.
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Tsuchiya, Kenji, Hitoshi Okubo, Tsugunari Ishida, Naoki Hayakawa, and Hiroki Kojima. "Development Process of Impulse Surface Flashover on Alumina Dielectrics in Vacuum." IEEE, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20729.
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Okolongo, Gauthier Nganda. "Advanced oxidative water treatment process using an electrohydraulic discharge reactor and TiO2 immobilised on nanofibres." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3329.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe aim of this study was to design and build an electrohydraulic discharge reactor in such a way that the synthetic immobilized TiO2 nanophotocatalytic components could be integrated, for the production of active species such as OH radicals, ozone and hydrogen peroxide, as a cocktail to clean drinking water without the addition of chemicals. The research objectives include: • To design and construct the different AOP prototypes based on various electrode configurations and compare their operation. • To optimize the discharge parameters and conditions of the best AOP system. • To determine the effectiveness of the best prototype for the degradation of methylene blue as model pollutant. • To compare the designed AOP system with the Sodis method for the disinfection of contaminated river water. • To prepare supported TiO2 nanoparticles via electro spinning, followed by combustion and study the effect on the morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles. • To determine the stability and robustness of composite nano-crystalline TiO2 photocatalysts by sonication • To determine the enhanced effect of combining the composite TiO2 in the AOP system on degradation of methylene blue under the same conditions. • To detect the active species promoting disinfection.
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Alavi, Farshid. "Optimization of Process Parameters in Micro Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of TI-6AL-4V Alloy." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1568.
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Ti-6Al-4V has a wide range of applications such as in the automotive and aerospace industries. Nevertheless, titanium alloys are very difficult to machine by conventional methods. Micro-EDM is a non-conventional machining method that uses the thermal effect of precisely controlled sparks. Manufacturers are looking for the methods and optimal settings to increase the productivity of micro-EDM in terms of lessening machining time and tool wear. Moreover, surface integrity of the machined area is crucial for some products such as biomedical implants.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the micro-EDM process parameters on response variables, in order to understand the behavior of each parameter as well as to determine their optimal values. Although, there is a substantial amount of literature studying different aspects of micro-EDM, most of them were designed based on the one-factor-at-a-time experiments instead of studying all factors, simultaneously. This research was conducted through a series of experiments using a full factorial design. An analysis of variance was employed to analyze the findings and to determine the effect and significance of each process parameters on the response variables.
The process parameters included voltage, capacitance, electrode rotational speed, and electrode coating. Voltage and capacitance were studied separately as well as in combination in terms of the discharge energy. Response variables consisted of machining time, tool wear, crater size, microhardness, and element characterization. The surface morphology and element characterization were studied through the application of SEM and EDS analysis.
The findings indicated that voltage had a decreasing effect on machining time, while it increased the crater size. Capacitance decreased machining time and tool wear. It had an increasing effect on the surface hardness. The effects of the TN-coating and electrode rotational speed were not statistically significant. Voltage and capacitance were the only parameters affecting element characterization. The affected elements included Ti, Al, C, and W. The optimal process parameters for two sets of response variables were determined using Minitab 17.
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Nembhard, Nicole. "Safe, Sustainable Discharge of Electric Vehicle Batteries as a Pre-treatment Step to Crushing in the Recycling Process." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255597.
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According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an increase in global temperature to above 1.5°C can be halted but would require immediate intervention to reach net zero emissions in the next 15 years. This intervention would have to make use of sustainable energy technologies such as net-zero carbon systems for automobiles. Electric vehicle (EV) use is set to increase 3000% between 2016 and 2030. Due to the inherent toxicity of the chemicals within Li-ion batteries, they must be recycled to be sustainable. Recycling using energy recovering, hydrometallurgical process reduces greenhouse gas emissions. However, due to the high energy and power density within EV batteries, discharging the batteries is an important safety step in the pre-treatment process. There is no industry standard for discharging EV batteries. Many processes are suggested in literature with little information as to the methods used. The aim of this thesis is to explore four processes that could be suitable for industrial use. A suitable process should be ‘safe’, meaning it reduces the risk to the facility by minimizing the fire or explosion hazard, minimizes or eliminates human interaction with the battery pack and limits voltage rebound of an individual cell to 0.5V. The process should also be ‘rapid’, meaning it ensures that discharging does not become a bottleneck in recycling, ‘sustainable’ meaning it has no polluting fluid waste streams and ‘feasible’ that is, is cost efficient. Three processes were found effective. The first, is a combination of salt-solution and metal powder discharge methods using sodium carbonate and steel. This method is intended for battery packs and modules of less than 500V at 0% SOC. The second, is energy recovering electronic load discharge for battery backs greater than 500V or at greater than 0% SOC. Finally, inductive, wireless discharge with BMS ‘override’ is suggested. This method is suitable for future battery packs of all sizes equipped with wireless charging technology.
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Rashid, Asif Bin. "An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Developing Methods for Machining Ceramic Materials by Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) Process." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami159426017923493.
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Fairchild, Lisa M. "The influence of stakeholder groups on the decision making process regarding the dead zone associated with the Mississippi river discharge." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001052.
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Qu, Jun. "Development of Cylindrical Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Process and Investigation of Surface Integrity and Mechanical Property of EDM Surface Layers." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20020325-173441.
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The cylindrical wire Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process was developed to generate precise cylindrical forms on hard, difficult-to-machine materials. A precise, flexible, and corrosion-resistant underwater rotary spindle was designed and added to a conventional two-axis wire EDM machine to enable the generation of free-form cylindrical geometries. A detailed spindle error analysis identified the major source of error at different frequencies. The mathematical models for material removal rate and surface finish were derived. Experimental results indicated that higher maximum material removal rate might be achieved in the cylindrical wire EDM than the 2D wire EDM. Effects of some key process parameters, wire feed rate, pulse on-time and part rotational speed, on the surface finish and roundness are explored. For WC-Co parts, an arithmetic average surface roughness and roundness as low as 0.68 and 1.7 mm, respectively, can be achieved. Surfaces of the cylindrical EDM parts were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to identify the macro-ridges and craters on the surface. Cross-sections of the EDM parts are examined using the SEM to quantify the recast layer and heat-affected zone under various process parameters. This study also used nanoindentation to investigate the influence of cylindrical wire EDM process on the mechanical properties of WC-Co composite. Multiple indents were conducted on the cross-section of the recast layer, heat-affected zone, and bulk material. The SEM micrographs were used to correlate the individual nano-indent to the measured hardness and modulus of elasticity. The experimental results showed that the heat-affected zone had more compact microstructure less indentation cracking. The recast layer had lower hardness and modulus of elasticity than the original material and heat-affected zone. EDS X-ray and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the material compositions of the heat-affected zone and recast layer and to understand the effects of wire EDM process on the machined WC-Co surface. The micro-blasting process has been applied to improve the surface integrity of the part machined by wire EDM. The surface roughness of WC-Co parts could be reduced significantly using micro-size SiC abrasives. The surface finish improvement was also shown by the SEM micrographs of the blasted surfaces and their cross-sections. The undesired recast layer, which has poor mechanical properties and irregular features, was eventually removed by micro-blasting. Compressive residual stress introduced by micro-blasting could increase the surface wear resistance. Experiments with different process parameters were conduced to study the efficiency and effectiveness of micro-blasting for surface property control.
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Barton-Verdi, Michele A. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEMATIC DISCHARGE PLANNING PROCESS FOR THE CARE OF COPD PATIENTS IN A SMALL URBAN COMMUNITY HOSPITAL." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1623883152504604.
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Wziatek, Ilona, and Sofia Ericsson. "Utmaningar i en utskrivningsprocess från slutenvården till boende - för att skapa en trygg och effektiv process." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31274.
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Henderson, Erica Vanessa. "Development and Evaluation of an Evidence-Based Educational Process to Reduce Post-Transplant Infections." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3997.
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The targeted transplant center's abdominal organ transplant unit had difficulty providing
adequate education to patients prior to discharge, which had resulted in a 24% readmission rate within 30 days due to infections. Patients and caregivers were unavailable to receive education despite multiple attempts, which made it challenging for health care providers to complete this aspect of their job, resulting in a negative impact on patients' long-term outcomes. A more structured educational environment was needed to provide appropriate and effective patient and caregiver education to increase adherence and positive outcomes. The health promotion model served as a foundation for the development of the evidence-based educational process and materials. A panel of 6 experts was invited to review the evidence-based, theory-supported educational materials along with the staff and caregiver educational process developed for the unit. Five experts participated in the formative and summative evaluation of the educational process, materials, and the evaluation tool. Results of the evaluations demonstrated that a majority (83%) of the experts found the educational materials and process were essential, accurate, and provided a more structured environment that afforded health care providers the ability to maintain compliance with the targeted transplant center's education policy. The materials, process, and evaluation tool will be implemented at the site. Social change will result from increased patient engagement and confidence in self-care; improved caregiver ability to assist the patient; and reduced risk of noncompliance, readmissions, and poor outcomes.
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Urban, Rachel L. "Medicines Reconciliation: Roles and Process. An examination of the medicines reconciliation process and the involvement of patients and healthcare professionals across a regional healthcare economy, within the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7288.
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Medication safety and improving communication at care transitions are an
international priority. There is vast evidence on the scale of error associated
with medicines reconciliation and some evidence of successful interventions to
improve reconciliation. However, there is insufficient evidence on the factors
that contribute towards medication error at transitions, or the roles of those
involved. This thesis examined current UK medicines reconciliation practice
within primary and secondary care, and the role of HCPs and patients. Using a
mixed-method, multi-centre design, the type and severity of discrepancies at
admission to hospital were established and staff undertaking medicines
reconciliation across secondary and primary care were observed, using
evidence-informed framework, based on a narrative literature review.
The overall processes used to reconcile medicines were similar; however, there
was considerable inter and intra-organisational variation within primary and
secondary care practice. Patients were not routinely involved in discussions
about their medication, despite their capacity to do so. Various human factors
in reconciliation-related errors were apparent; predominantly inadequate
communication, individual factors e.g. variation in approach by HCP, and
patient factors e.g. lack of capacity. Areas of good practice which could reduce
medicines reconciliation-related errors/discrepancies were identified. There is a
need for increased consistency and standardisation of medicines reconciliationrelated
policy, procedures and documentation, alongside communication
optimisation. This could be achieved through a standardised definition and
taxonomy of error, the development of a medicines reconciliation quality
assessment framework, increased undergraduate and post-graduate education,
improved patient engagement, better utilisation of information technology and
improved safety culture.
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Lovascio, Sara. "Cold Plasma deposition of organosilicon films with different monomers in a dielectric-barrier discharge." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00815260.
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Cette thèse porte sur une étude fondamentale sur le dépôt des couches minces d'organosiliciés par des Décharges à Barrière Diélectrique (DBD), un procédé très intéressant pour l'application aux textiles. La plupart des dépôts des couches d'oxyde de silicium sont déposées à partir du précurseur hexaméthyle silixone (HMDSO).De plus très peu d'études sont consacrées aux mécanismes de dépôt des couches à la pression atmosphérique. Dans cette étude les propriétés des couches minces déposées par DBD alimentées par Ar/HMDSO/O2, Ar/PMDSO (pentaméthyldisiloxane)/O2 et Ar/TMDSO (tetraméthyldisiloxane)/O2, avec différentes proportions de l'oxygène, ont été confrontées aux analyses, par GC-MS, des gaz sortant du réacteur. Nous avons trouvé que l'ajout d'O2 au gaz d'alimentation n'améliore pas l'activation du précurseur organosilicié, même s'il augmente la puissance injectée. En revanche il influence fortement la composition chimique des dépôts et favorise une forte réduction de la concentration des sous-produits dans le gaz sortant du réacteur. Sans ajout de l'O2, des couches minces obtenues contiennent beaucoup de carbone , avec rétention de la structure du précurseur de départ. En réduisant le nombre de -CH3 dans le précurseur (HMDSO>PMDSO>TMDSO), le nombre et l'abondance des sous-produits détectés dans le gaz sortant du réacteur diminuent fortement. Il semblerait que les unités de répétition diméthylsiloxane et hydrométhylsiloxane jouent un rôle important dans l'oligomérisation des trois précurseurs. Différents mécanismes d'activation, ainsi que différents procédés de formation des groupes Si-OH dans les dépôts, ont été proposés pour les trois précurseurs.
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George, Jonathan Alan. "Development of a Plasma Arc Manufacturing Process and Machine to Create Metal Oxide Particles in Water From Wire Feedstock." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2010. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3494.pdf.
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Urban, Rachel Louise. "Medicines reconciliation : roles and process : an examination of the medicines reconciliation process and the involvement of patients and healthcare professionals across a regional healthcare economy, within the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7288.
Full textAbstract:
Medication safety and improving communication at care transitions are an international priority. There is vast evidence on the scale of error associated with medicines reconciliation and some evidence of successful interventions to improve reconciliation. However, there is insufficient evidence on the factors that contribute towards medication error at transitions, or the roles of those involved. This thesis examined current UK medicines reconciliation practice within primary and secondary care, and the role of HCPs and patients. Using a mixed-method, multi-centre design, the type and severity of discrepancies at admission to hospital were established and staff undertaking medicines reconciliation across secondary and primary care were observed, using evidence-informed framework, based on a narrative literature review. The overall processes used to reconcile medicines were similar; however, there was considerable inter and intra-organisational variation within primary and secondary care practice. Patients were not routinely involved in discussions about their medication, despite their capacity to do so. Various human factors in reconciliation-related errors were apparent; predominantly inadequate communication, individual factors e.g. variation in approach by HCP, and patient factors e.g. lack of capacity. Areas of good practice which could reduce medicines reconciliation-related errors/discrepancies were identified. There is a need for increased consistency and standardisation of medicines reconciliationrelated policy, procedures and documentation, alongside communication optimisation. This could be achieved through a standardised definition and taxonomy of error, the development of a medicines reconciliation quality assessment framework, increased undergraduate and post-graduate education, improved patient engagement, better utilisation of information technology and improved safety culture.
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Ekeroth, Sara. "Från intensiven till en allmän vårdavdelning : Personalens erfarenheter av samvårdssjuksköterskans funktion i samband med ett förbättringsarbete för att skapa patientsäkra överflyttningar." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-34687.
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Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Enligt Svenskt intensivvårdsregister är förflyttningar av patienter en risk, särskilt hög säkerhetsrisk har de som flyttas från en intensivvårdsavdelning till allmän avdelning. Då det stora gapet i vårdnivå kan leda till komplikationer och risk för återinskrivningar är utskrivningsprocess från en intensivvårdsavdelning ofta komplicerad och underskattad. Intensivvårdsavdelningen i Malmö beslöt sig för att genom ett förbättringsarbete förändra sin utskrivningsprocess. Syfte: Syftet med detta förbättringsarbete är att skapa förutsättningar för en optimal överflyttning från intensiven till allmän vårdavdelning. Syftet med studien av förbättringsarbetet var att undersöka de olika mikrosystemens medarbetares erfarenheter av förbättringsprojektet med den nya rollen samvårdsjuksköterska. Metod: Metoden för förbättringsarbetet var Nolans förbättringsmodell Studien var en fallstudie med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Förbättringsarbetet nådde inte upp i önskvärda mätvärdena återinskrivning, nattliga utskrivningar och en ökning av utskrivningar innan klockan tolv uteblev. Fler patienter skrevs ut med genomgången checklista och en samvårdssjuksköterska som stödde processen före, efter och under överflyttning. Studien visade att erfarenheterna av samvårdssjuksköterskan var hens professionella förhållningssätt som visades genom hennes yrkesskicklighet, förmåga till lärande och delaktighet Slutsats: Förbättringsprojektets huvudsakliga syfte att skapa optimala förutsättningar för en säker patientflytt från intensiven till en allmän avdelning kan ses som delvis uppfyllt, samvårdssjuksköterskan stärker processen före, under och efter överflyttningen.Summary From the ICU to a general ward- Employees experience off a liason nurse function associated with an improvement work for creating patient secured transmissions Background: Displacement of patients is, according to Swedish intensive care register, a risk – a particularly high security risk for those who move from an intensive care unit to a general ward. Since the great gap in level of care can lead to complications and risk of reentry, the discharge process from an ICU is often complicated and underestimated. ICU in Malmö decided to, through an improvement procedure, change their discharge process. Purpose: The purpose of this improvement is to create conditions for an ideal transfer from ICU to general wards. The purpose of the study of the improvement is to investigate the different micro systems’ coworkers’ experience of the improvement procedure as in the new role of being a liaison. Method: The Method used in the improvement procedure is Nolan’s improvement model. The study is a case study with qualitative contain analysis. Results: The improvement procedure did not reach desirable readings – reduction of reentries, nocturnal discharges and an increase of discharges before twelve o’clock failed to appear. Additional patients were discharged with accomplished checklists together with a liaison who supported the process, before, after and during the transfer. The study showed that the experience of the liaison was his/her professionalism, ability of learning and participation. Conclusion: The improvement procedure’s main cause to create ideal conditions for a secure displacement of patients from ICU to general wards is partly accomplished; the liaison reinforces the process before, after and during the transfer.
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Wartena, Ryan Craig. "Generation of sodium oxide and discharge of carbon by the electrolysis of multi-component molten salt systems : a recycle process for kraft pulping chemicals." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10281.
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Cazalens, Michel. "Simulation des phenomenes de transport dans une decharge transitoire dans un gaz : mise au point d'une procedure numerique multidimensionnelle." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30025.
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Etude theorique des mecanismes collectifs de transport qui gouvernent le passage de l'etat isolant a l'etat conducteur d'un gaz soumis a un champ electrique. Le modele mathematique chois est auto-consistant. Il repose sur le formalisme macroscopique de la dynamique du gaz neutre, sur celui de la dynamique des gaz ionises et sur l'equation de poisson
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Gammon, Brian David. "Misused words, misleading thoughts : the roles and perceptions of nurses, doctors and social workers involved in the discharge planning process and their affects on communication." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/107540.
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Risberg, Anna. "Industriella avloppsvatten i Chile : Identifiering av problem samt förslag på åtgärder." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88845.
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Chile and Santiago are struggling with heavy environmental problems as a consequence of urbanisation and industrialisation. In the Santiago region the air is seriously contaminated and most of the rivers are classified as heavily polluted.
The aim of this thesis is to survey the industrial fluid waste situation in the Santiago region and to make suggestions on technological improvements or process changes. The purpose is also to study five different enterprises more closely and to give more detailed suggestions for improvement. Another purpose is to summarize relevant Chilean legislation.
Information, provided by the supervisory authority, about the release of industrial wastewater to rivers has been analysed. Deep interviews have been made with authorities and consultants. Five enterprises have been visited; a brewery, a dairy, a bakery, a producer of cooked meat and a surface treatment industry. The present treatment of the wastewater was studied at the plants and the information was completed with a questionnaire to the responsible at each company.
The contamination load released to the Chilean rivers is heavy. The rivers in southern Chile receive the biggest loads of BOD and SS and the rivers in central Chile were the most exposed to discharges of the metals Cr, Cu, Zn and CN as well as phenols.
The industrial discharge into the rivers of Santiago RM and Region VII is also to a large extent characterized by high concentrations of BOD and SS. Large releases of oils and greases, nitrogen and phosphorus are also fairly common, as are too high or too low pH levels. The food industry is the most contaminating sector, but also tanneries have great problems with effluents exceeding limits.
All five companies visited share the need to take measures towards more water saving technologies. The brewery, the producer of cooked meat and the surface treatment company also need end-of-pipe-treatment of their wastewater. In many cases, the recommended and most economic alternative is to separate the flows with the highest concentration of polluting substances for internal treatment, while releasing the rest of the wastewater to the outside sewage system. The costs of the suggested changes must be balanced against the present costs for treatment of wastewater and remaining solid waste as well as the costs for alternative treatments.
The economic incentives for Chilean companies to invest in wastewater treatment plants or to optimize the processes until today have been few. Cost reductions may be achieved by savings in water consumption and reuse of raw material. Another motive could be to keep “one step ahead” if the discharge limits in the future are tightened up leading to rising costs.
Chile och Santiago brottas med omfattande miljöproblem till följd av urbanisering och industrialisering. I santiagoregionen är luftföroreningarna svåra och de flesta floderna klassas som gravt förorenade av CONAMA, det chilenska naturvårdsverket.
Syftet med examensarbetet är att kartlägga situationen i santiagoregionen med avseende på industriell avloppsrening samt att ge förslag på förbättring av teknik eller förändring av processer. Dessutom är syftet att studera fem industrier närmare och att ge mer detaljerade förslag på åtgärder. Syftet är också att ge rekommendationer för fortsatt utveckling av relevant chilensk lagstiftning.
Uppgifter från tillsynsmyndigheten för utsläpp till ytvattendrag har studerats och djupintervjuer har gjorts med myndigheter och konsulter. Fem olika industrier besöktes; ett bryggeri, ett mejeri, ett bageri, ett charkuteri samt en ytbehandlingsindustri. Nuvarande hantering av processvattnet studerades på plats och med hjälp av ett frågeformulär kompletterades uppgifterna av ansvariga på företagen.
Föroreningsbelastningen på Chiles floder är stor. Floderna i södra delen av landet tar emot störst mängder organiskt material och suspenderat material medan centrala Chiles floder är värst drabbade av utsläpp av metallerna Cr, Cu, Zn och CN samt utsläpp av fenoler. Utsläppen från industrin till floderna i Region Metropolitana och Region VII kännetecknas också i stor utsträckning av höga halter BOD och suspenderat material. Relativt vanligt är också stora utsläpp av oljor och fetter, kväve, fosfor samt för höga eller låga för pH-värden. Det är främst flera olika typer av livsmedelsindustri, som har de största utsläppen till floderna, men även garverierna har stora problem med överskridande av gränsvärden.
Gemensamt för de fem besökta företagen är att vattenbesparande åtgärder bör vidtas för att minska volymen avloppsvatten som går till extern eller intern behandling. Bryggeriet, charkuterifabriken och ytbehandlaren behöver även end-of-pipe-rening. Det kan ofta vara lämpligt och mer ekonomiskt att avskilja de flöden som har högst halt av föroreningar till den interna reningsanläggningen. Resten av avloppet kan i vissa fall släppas ut på avloppsnätet. Kostnader för föreslagna åtgärder måste vägas mot aktuella kostnader för behandling av avlopp och restprodukter, samt kostnader för alternativa behandlingar.
Incitamenten, bl a de ekonomiska, för chilenska företag att skaffa eget reningsverk eller att resurseffektivisera produktionen har hittills varit små. Kostnadsminskningar kan uppnås genom sänkt vattenförbrukning samt återanvändning av råmaterial. Ytterligare en drivkraft kan vara att ”ligga steget före” om utsläppskraven i framtiden skärps och kostnaderna därmed ökar.
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Elofsson, Isabelle, and Rebecca Fagher. "Ett glapp i vårdkedjan? : En systematisk litteraturstudie som belyser patientsäker utskrivning från intensivvård till vårdavdelning." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85484.
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Bakgrund: Utskrivning från en intensivvårdsavdelning (IVA) till vårdavdelning kan vara ett kritiskt moment för patienten och involverad personal då det är mycket som kan gå fel i utskrivningsprocessen. Att bibehålla patientsäkerheten i samband med utskrivning ses idag som en utmaning då det är flera olika aktörer som är med i vårdkedjan, vilket ställer höga krav på samarbetet sinsemellan. Brister i utskrivningsprocessen ökar risken för återinläggningar till intensivvården vilket är förknippat med ökad mortalitet. Syfte: Att undersöka vårdpersonalens upplevelse kring vad som påverkarpatientsäkerheten i utskrivningsprocessen från IVA till vårdavdelning. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie baserad på analys av kvalitativ data utifrån Bettany-Saltikov och McSherry metod (2016). Resultat: Vårdpersonalen upplevde en skillnad i vårdnivå mellan IVA och vårdavdelning, vilket påverkade patientsäkerheten då det orsakade glapp ivårdkedjan vid utskrivning. En nivå mellan IVA och vårdavdelning upplevdes som fördelaktigt - men existerade sällan. Vårdavdelningen kunde upplevas som en sårbar destination på grund av mindre resurser och kompetens. Brister i informationsöverföringen i samband med utskrivning upplevdes äventyra patientsäkerheten. Planering och uppföljning i samband med utskrivningsprocessen upplevdes betydelsefullt för att minska glappet i vårdkedjan. Slutsats: Utskrivning från IVA till vårdavdelning innefattar ett glapp i vårdkedjan vilket upplevs äventyra patientsäkerheten då det kan leda till vårdskador i samband med utskrivning. Utifrån systemteorin så hade mycket kunnat undvikas genom att se över den organisatoriska strukturen i sjukvården. Utskrivningsprocessen är komplex och alla delar i systemet påverkar varandra cirkulärt. Ingen (vård)kedja är starkare än sin svagaste länk.Background: Discharge from intensive care unit (ICU) to a general ward might be a critical moment for both the patients and staff involved and there’s a lot that can go wrong in the discharge process. To maintain patient safety in the connection of discharge is a great challenge because the numbers of actors involved. This requires a high ability to cooperate. Deficiencies in the discharge process increases the risk for readmissions which is associated with increased mortality. Aim: To investigate healthcare personnel experience about what affects patient safety in the discharge process from ICU to ward. Method: A systematic review based on analysis of qualitative data after Bettany-Saltikov and McSherry (2016) method. Result: The ward personnel experienced a difference in the level of care between ICU and ward, which caused a gap that affected patient safety in the discharge process. An in-between level of care could reduce the gap, but seldom existing. The ward could be experienced as vulnerable, because lack of resources and competence. Shortcomings in the information transfer occurred during the discharge process, which was experienced to jeopardize patient safety. Planning and follow-upservice were experienced as important to avoid a gap in the care of chain. Conclusion: Discharge from ICU to ward comprises a gap in the care of chain which is experienced to jeopardize patient safety. This could lead to adverse events.The framework of system theory shows that much could be avoided by overlooking the organizational structures in healthcare, which often is the underlying cause to failure in patient safety. The discharge process is complex and all the parts affects each other circularly. No care of chain is stronger than the weakest link.
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Tijani, Jimoh Oladejo. "Degradation of bisphenol-a and 2-Nitrophenol by combined advanced oxidation technologies." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5072.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDEmerging micropollutants such as bisphenol-A and 2-nitrophenol present a great threat in drinking water due to their adverse effects. Most conventional technologies in water and wastewater treatment are not designed to eliminate these xenobiotics; instead pollutants are merely transferred from one phase to another. Advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) however, have been identified as suitable routes for the degradation of these potential damaging substances based on free radical mechanisms and use of less expensive chemicals. Moreover, due to the structural complexity of wastewater and the existence of pollutants as mixtures, no single advanced oxidation technology can convincingly remove all forms of contaminants and then most often than not, a combination of treatment processes is required for an effective purification process. Besides, the problem of adequate degradation of emerging contaminants in the environment, when AOT(s) are used individually, they present inherent problems. For instance, powder TiO₂ photocatalysts obstruct light penetration, thus prevent effective interaction of UV light with the target pollutants, and particulates present problems of post-filtration and recovery of catalyst particles after treatment. Additionally, TiO₂ has a high band gap energy, high electron-hole recombination rate, and is prone to aggregation of the suspended particles. Similarly, the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system produces ultra violet light and hydrogen peroxide within the plasma zone which is not fully maximised for the mineralization of persistent organic pollutants. Rapid oxidation and aggregation of nano zero valent iron particles in photo-Fentons process reduce the particles mobility and affect its performance. In the same vein, the jet loop reactor (JLR) system is characterised by low impingement yield, which is responsible for low mineralization rate. In light of this background, this research investigated the degradation of bisphenol-A and 2- nitrophenol in aqueous solution using the following combined advanced oxidation methods: DBD/supported TiO₂ or Ag doped TiO₂ photocatalysts, DBD/photo-Fenton induced process and JLR/UV/H₂O₂. The target was to assess the performance of each single system and then identify the best combined AOTs capable of significantly mineralizing the target compounds. Firstly, two materials were developed namely supported TiO₂ and stabilized nano zero valent Fe. The TiO₂ photocatalyst supported on a stainless steel mesh was synthesised using sol-gel solution of 8 % PAN/DMF/TiCl₄. The influence of calcination temperature and holding time on the formation of nanocrystals was investigated. Afterwards, various amounts of metallic silver were deposited on the (optimum) supported TiO₂ photocatalyst using thermal evaporation. The catalysts were characterized by several analytical methods; HRSEM, HRTEM, EDS, SAED, FTIR, TGA-DSC, UV-vis/diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, XRD, BET, and XPS. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was determined using methylene blue as a model pollutant under ultra-violet light irradiation. Secondly, the TiO2 photocatalyst and 2.4 % Ag doped TiO₂ nanocomposites obtained as optimums (in section 1) were combined with the DBD to decompose BPA or 2-NP in aqueous solution. Moreover, the photo-Fenton process was applied for degradation of the model pollutants, and different dosages of stabilized nZVI (in the range of 0.02 -1.00 g) were added to the DBD system to induce the photo-Fenton process and improve BPA or 2-NP degradation efficiency. Finally, a jet loop reactor (JLR) presenting advanced mixing by the “impinging effect” was explored to decompose BPA or 2-NP in aqueous solution as a function of inlet applied pressure, solution pH, and initial concentration of BPA or 2-NP. Subsequently, different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were added to the JLR to enhance the mineralization process. Furthermore, a combination of JLR with in-line UV light and H₂O₂ were further utilised to decompose BPA or 2-NP in aqueous solution. The residual concentration of the model compounds and intermediates were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS). The concentration of the ozone, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals generated by the DBD in the presence or absence of a catalyst was monitored using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results revealed that the optimal thermal conditions to obtain well supported uniformly grown, highly active crystalline TiO₂ catalysts with high specific surface area was 350 ºC at a 3 h holding time in N2 atmosphere with a flow rate of 20 mL/min. Pyrolysis temperature and holding time played an important role on the crystalline nature and photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. Moreover, 2.4 % Ag doped TiO₂ nanocomposites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation than the undoped supported TiO₂ nanocrystals. The results indicated that combining DBD with 2.4 % Ag doped TiO₂ nanocomposites achieved 89 % and 81 % removal efficiency for BPA or 2-NP compared to 67.22 % or 56.8 % obtain when using the DBD system alone. The 2.4 % Ag doped TiO₂ nanocomposites demonstrated excellent activity and offered photochemical stability after four repeated applications.In the case of the photo-Fenton induced process, nano zero valent iron particles (nZVI) stabilized with polyethylene glycol were synthesised using a modified borohydride reduction method. The HRSEM, BET, XRD, and XPS analysis confirmed the formation of filamentous, high surface area iron nanoparticles in the zero valent state. Unlike combined DBD/Ag doped TiO2 nanocomposites, 100 % or complete removal of BPA or 2-NP in aqueous solution was achieved with DBD/nZVI system within 30 minutes compared to 67.9 % (BPA) or 56.8 % (2-NP) with DBD alone after 80 minutes. The removal efficiency was attributable to the production of an increased concentration of OH radicals as well as existence of a synergetic effect in the combined DBD/nZVI system. Five new transformation products namely: 4-nitrophenol (C₆H₅NO₃), 4-nitrosophenolate (C₆H₄NO₂), 4-(prop-1-en-2-yl) cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione, (C₉H₈O₂), 4-(2- hydroxylpropan-2-yl)cyclohexane-3,5-diene-1,2-dione (C₉H₁₀O₃), and 1,2-dimethyl-4-(2- nitropropan-2-yl)benzene (C₉H₁₀NO₄) were identified during the degradation of BPA. While, three aromatic intermediate compounds such as 2-nitro-1,3,5-benzenetriolate (C₆H₂NO₅), 2- nitro-1,4-benzoquinone (C₆H₃NO₄), and 2,5-dihydroxyl-1,4-benzoquinone (C₆H₄O₄) respectively were identified during the degradation of 2-NP for the first time in the DBD with JT14 or JT17 using LC-MS. These intermediate compounds have never been reported in the literature, thereby expanding the number of BPA or 2-NP intermediates in the data base in the DBD/JT14 or DBD/nZVI system. BPA degradation proceeded via ozonation, hydroxylation, dimerization, and decarboxylation and nitration step, while 2-NP proceeded via hydroxylation, nitration and denitration respectively. Furthermore, maximum removal efficiency of BPA or 2-NP in aqueous solution using JLR alone under the optimum solution pH (3), inlet pressure (4 bar), flow rate (0.0007 m3/s) was 14.0 % and 13.2 % respectively after 80 minutes. A removal efficiency of 34.9 % was recorded for BPA while 33.2 % was achieved for 2-NP using combined JLR/UV under the same conditions as JLR alone. For the combined JLR/H₂O₂ under optimum conditions of inlet pressure (4 bar), solution pH (3) and peroxide dosage (0.34 g/L), a 51.3 % and 50.1 % removal efficiency was achieved for BPA and 2-NP respectively under same conditions relative to JLR alone. Combination of JLR/UV/H₂O₂ achieved 77.7 % (BPA) or 76.6 % (2- NP) removal efficiency under the same conditions. The combined JLR/UV/H₂O₂ process was found to be most effective combination under the optimized operating parameters due to existence of a synergetic index value of 6.42 or 6.84. This implies that JLR should be coupled with UV and H₂O₂ to achieve greater mineralization efficiency instead of using the system individually. The obtained experimental data of these combined treatment processes fitted the pseudo-first order kinetic models. The combination of the JLR/UV/H₂O₂ was found to be energy efficient and could effectively degrade BPA or 2-NP in aqueous solution to a greater extent than the JLR, JLR/UV or JLR/H₂O₂ system. However, the total organic carbon (TOC) reduction value by all combined DBD and JLR system recorded was not completely achieved due to the formation of recalcitrant intermediate compounds under the applied conditions. In conclusion, this study is reporting for the first time a combination of supported 2.4 % Ag doped TiO₂ nanocomposites with dielectric barrier discharge system for BPA/2-NP degradation in aqueous solution; a combination jet loop reactor based on impingement with in-line UV lamp and H2O2 for successfully decomposing BPA or 2-NP in aqueous solution; as well as a combination of dielectric barrier discharge system and stabilised nano zero valent iron particles, which induced a photo-Fenton process for highly effective removal of BPA or 2-NP in aqueous solution. This study conclusively supports the hypothesis that combined advanced oxidation technologies offer a sustainable and highly efficient means of achieving partial or complete removal of BPA or 2-NP in aqueous solutions. Considering all the combinations of AOTs investigated in this study, the novel DBD/photo-Fenton-induced process under optimised operating parameters was found to be the most efficient in the elimination of BPA or 2-NP in aqueous solutions. The combination of DBD with photo- Fenton like process offers a promising advanced waste water purification technology in the immediate future. Based on these findings, it is recommended that DBD should be redesigned to prevent loss of ozone and JLR system reconfigured to increase impingement and cavitational yield in order to have an effective combination treatment strategy for waste water purification especially in large scale waste water management.
National Research Foundation (NRF) and Water Research Commission, South Africa
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Olivera, Jacqueline, and Leyton Maureen Loyola. "Äldre personers upplevelser av utskrivningsprocessen från slutenvård till primärvård : en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-8619.
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Bakgrund: Utskrivningsprocessen har förändrats på grund av sjukvårdsreformer med mål att stärka patienters ställning och förkorta vårdtider inom sluten vård. Samtidigt som en åldrande befolkning med ökande multisjukhet och komplexa vårdbehov ställer höga krav på samverkan mellan berörda parter. Äldre patienters upplevelse av utskrivningsprocessen är av intresse för sjuksköterskor i rollen som samordnare av insatser under utskrivningsprocessen. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa äldre personers upplevelser av utskrivningsprocessen från slutenvård till primärvård. Metod: Efter en kvalitetsgranskning gjordes en litteraturöversikt enligt Fribergs metod på nio kvalitativa och tre kvantitativa studier ur databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Resultat: Ur analysen identifierades fem teman under utskrivningsprocessen och var patienters: informationsbehov och vårdpersonalens betydelse, känsla av utsatthet, nöjdhet och tillfredställelse med vården, strategier och empowerment, samt anhörigas betydelse för patienterna. Slutsats: Äldre patienter upplevelser av utskrivningsprocessen var brist på delaktighet och samordning vilket gav upphov till känslor av oro, stress, förvirring och maktlöshet. Patienter upplevde en ojämlik tillgång till insatser, i synnerhet personer ≥ 80 år. Bristande kommunikation mellan vårdpersonal och patienter påverkar patienters upplevelse av utskrivningsprocessen negativt och orsakade vårdlidande.Background: The hospital discharge process (DP) has changed due to healthcare reforms whose aim has been to promote the status (voice) of patients and to shorten hospital stays. At the same time as an ageing population with increased multimorbidity and complex care needs puts high demands for integrated care on the partners concerned. Elderly patients’ experiences of the hospital discharge process are of interest to nurses in their role as coordinators of integrated care during the discharge process. Aim: The aim was to highlight older persons’ experiences of the discharge process from inpatient to primary care. Method: Following a quality review, a literature review was conducted according to the method by Friberg on nine qualitative and three quantitative articles from the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Results: From the analysis five themes emerged during the DP and were patients’: need for information and the importance of care personnel, feeling of vulnerability, satisfaction with health care, strategies and empowerment as well as the importance of relatives for the patients. Conclusion: Older patients’ experiences of the DP were lacking in participation and integrated care which aroused feelings of concern, stress, confusion and powerless. Patients experienced an unequal access to care and support, especially persons ≥ 80 years. Lack of communication between care professionals and patients influence patients experience of the DP negatively and can lead to health care-induced suffering.
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Lemos, Dayanna Machado Pires. "Implementação das taxonomias NANDA-I, NOC e NIC no planejamento da alta hospitalar para pacientes com insuficiência cardiaca e diabetes mellitus." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183914.
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O planejamento de alta é uma etapa importante do preparo do paciente para os cuidados em domicílio. O enfermeiro tem papel fundamental neste processo, atuando na identificação dos problemas de saúde e na educação de pacientes e familiares. As orientações para alta fazem parte do Processo de Enfermagem, embora não sejam priorizadas dentre as atividades de responsabilidade do enfermeiro. A falta de um planejamento efetivo de alta hospitalar pode ser um dos fatores que contribui para elevar as taxas de reinternações hospitalares em indivíduos com Insuficiência cardíaca (IC) ou Diabetes mellitus (DM). Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da implementação de um planejamento de alta hospitalar estruturado nas taxonomias da NANDA-International, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) e Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) para pacientes com IC e DM. Estudo quantitativo quasi-experimental realizado em unidades de internação clínica e emergência do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (aprovação nº 13-0194). A amostra foi composta por pacientes que reinternaram de janeiro de 2014 a setembro de 2015 por descompensação de IC ou DM e apresentaram o diagnóstico de enfermagem Autocontrole ineficaz da saúde (AIS) (00078). Durante a internação foram implementadas as intervenções NIC: Ensino: processo de doença (5602), Ensino: medicamentos prescritos (5616) e Ensino: dieta prescrita (5614) em três momentos. Antes e após as intervenções foram avaliados os resultados NOC Conhecimento: controle do diabetes (1820) e Conhecimento: controle da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (1835), com 32 e 37 indicadores respectivamente. Cada resultado teve seus indicadores definidos operacionalmente e avaliados em Escala de Likert de 5 pontos, sendo 1 o pior resultado e 5 o melhor. Foram incluídos 28 pacientes, sendo 14 com DM e 14 com IC, a maioria do sexo masculino com média de idade 63,1±10,6 anos. Houve aumento significativo das médias dos resultados NOC após a implementação das intervenções NIC. O resultado NOC Conhecimento: controle da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva passou de 2,05±0,28 para 2,54±0,30 (P = 0,002) e o resultado NOC Conhecimento: controle do diabetes passou de 2,61±0,55 para 3,21±0,57 (P=0,000). Entre os indicadores com aumento da média em um ponto ou mais destacam-se em IC Estratégias para equilibrar atividade e repouso, Estratégias de controle de edema dependente e Ações básicas do coração. Os pacientes com DM obtiveram maior aumento na pontuação: Impacto de doença grave no nível da glicose do sangue, Descarte correto de seringas e agulhas e Práticas de cuidados preventivos dos pés. Estes achados sugerem que o planejamento de alta realizado durante a internação hospitalar para pacientes com IC e DM descompensadas e com o DE AIS utilizando intervenções de ensino NIC melhoram a pontuação dos resultados de enfermagem NOC, podendo interferir nos desfechos de saúde desta população.The discharge planning consists on an important stage for patient preparation on domestic care. Nurses’ role is very important in this process, since he/she acts identifying the problems in health and in the education of patients and families. The guidance for discharge is a part of the nursing process, although it is not prioritized among the nurses’ responsibility activities. The lack of an effective discharge planning does not develop an autonomy of self- care, which can elevate the rates of rehospitalization for heart failure and diabetes mellitus. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing a hospital discharge planning based on the taxonomies of NANDA-I, Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), for patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus. This is a quasi-experimental quantitative study, which was carried out at clinical and hospital emergency units at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (approval nº 13- 0194). The sample was composed by patients that rehospitalized from January 2014 to September 2015 for heart failure decompensation or DM and presented the nursing diagnosis (ND) Ineffective self-health management (ISM) (00078). During hospitalization, the interventions NIC Teaching: disease process (5602), Teaching: prescribed medication (5616) and Teaching: prescribed diet (5614) were implemented in three moments. Before and after the three given guidance, the results from NOC Knowledge: control of diabetes (1820) and Knowledge: control of congestive heart failure (1835) were evaluated, with 32 and 37 indicators, respectively. Each result had its own operationally defined indicators and evaluated on a Likert Scale level of 5 points, being 1 the worst and 5 the best result. Twenty- eight patients were included, having 14 DM and 14 HF, the most part of them was male and were 63,1±10,6 years old. There was a significant increasing on the averages of results NOC after the implementation of NIC interventions. The result NOC Knowledge: control of congestive heart failure went from 2,05±0,28 to 2,54±0,30 (P = 0,002) and the result NOC Knowledge: control of diabetes went from 2,61±0,55 to 3,21±0,57 (P=0,000). Among the indicators with increased average at point or more, Strategies to balance activity and rest, Strategies to control dependent edema and Heart basic actions were highlighted. The patients with DM obtained increased scores at Impact of serious disease at blood glucose levels, Correct disposal of syringes and needles and Practice for preventive foot care. These findings suggest that the discharge planning, elaborated during hospitalization, for patients with HF and ND ISM using interventions NIC, improve the scores of results on nursing NOC, which might interfere in the denouement of health of this population.
El planeamiento de descarga consiste en una importante etapa del preparo del paciente para los cuidados en casa. Los enfermeros tienen papel fundamental en este proceso, actuando en la identificación de las necesidades y en la educación de pacientes y familiares. Las orientaciones para descarga hacen parte del proceso de enfermería, aunque no sean priorizadas de entre las actividades de responsabilidad del enfermero. La falta de planeamiento efectivo de descarga del hospital no desenvuelve la autonomía para el autocuidado, pudendo elevar las tajas de reinternaciones en el hospital en individuos acometidos por insuficiencia cardiaca y diabetes mellitus. En función de esto, esto estudio tuve como objetivo evaluar la implementación de un planeamiento de descarga del hospital con ECNT, teniendo base en las taxonomías NANDA-I, Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) y Nursing Outcomes Classifications (NOC), para pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca y diabetes mellitus. Este es un estudio cuantitativo cuasi-experimental realizado en unidades de internación clínica y emergencia del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (aprobación nº 13-0194). La amuestra fue constituida por pacientes que reinternaran de Enero 2014 hasta Septiembre 2015 por descompensación de Insuficiencia Cardiaca (IC) o Diabetes Mellitus (DM) y que presentaran el diagnostico de enfermería (DE) Autocontrol ineficaz de la salud (AIS) (00078). Durante la internación fueron implementadas las intervenciones NIC Enseñanza: proceso de enfermedad (5602), Enseñanza: medicamentos prescritos (5616) y Enseñanza: dieta prescrita (5614). Antes y después de las tres orientaciones, fueron evaluados los resultados NOC Conocimiento: control del diabetes (1820) y Conocimiento: control de insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva (1835), con 32 y 37 indicadores respectivamente. Cada resultado tuve sus indicadores definidos operacionalmente y evaluados en Escala Likert de 5 puntos, siendo 1 lo peor resultado y 5 lo mejor. Veinte-ocho pacientes fueron inclusos, siendo 14 DM y 14 insuficiencia cardíaca, la mayoría era hombres y tenían 63,1±10,6 años de edad. Hube un aumento significante de medias de resultados NOC después de la implementación de intervenciones NIC. El resultado NOC Conocimiento: control de insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva pasó de 2,05±0,28 para 2,54±0,30 (P = 0,002) y el resultado NOC Conocimiento: control del diabetes pasó de 2,61±0,55 para 3,21±0,57 (p=0,000). Entre los indicadores con aumento de la media en un punto o más se destacan en IC Estrategias para equilibrar actividad y resto, Estrategias de control de edema dependiente y Acciones básicas del corazón. Los pacientes con DM obtuvieran mayor aumento en la puntuación: Impacto de enfermedad grave en el nivel de glucosa de la sangre, Descarte correcto de seringas y agujas y Prácticas de cuidados preventivos de los pies. Estos resultados sugieren que el planeamiento de descarga hospitalaria realizado durante la internación hospitalaria para pacientes con ECNT y con DE AIS utilizando intervenciones de enseñanza NIC mejoran la puntuación de los resultados de enfermería NOC, pudendo interferir en los desenlaces de salud de esta población.
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Bole, Brian McCaslyn. "Load allocation for optimal risk management in systems with incipient failure modes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50394.
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The development and implementation challenges associated with a proposed load allocation paradigm for fault risk assessment and system health management based on uncertain fault diagnostic and failure prognostic information are investigated. Health management actions are formulated in terms of a value associated with improving system reliability, and a cost associated with inducing deviations from a system's nominal performance. Three simulated case study systems are considered to highlight some of the fundamental challenges of formulating and solving an optimization on the space of available supervisory control actions in the described health management architecture. Repeated simulation studies on the three case-study systems are used to illustrate an empirical approach for tuning the conservatism of health management policies by way of adjusting risk assessment metrics in the proposed health management paradigm. The implementation and testing of a real-world prognostic system is presented to illustrate model development challenges not directly addressed in the analysis of the simulated case study systems. Real-time battery charge depletion prediction for a small unmanned aerial vehicle is considered in the real-world case study. An architecture for offline testing of prognostics and decision making algorithms is explained to facilitate empirical tuning of risk assessment metrics and health management policies, as was demonstrated for the three simulated case study systems.
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Slámová, Jitka. "Studium sterilizačních účinků dielektrického bariérového výboje." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233367.
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The overall goal of the presented dissertation thesis was to study the sterilization efficiency of dielectric barrier discharge operated at atmospheric pressure. The fungi Aspergillus niger, gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and in some experiments also gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli were used as a bio-indicator enabling to evaluate the effect of plasma assisted microbial inactivation. The samples of microorganism were placed on paper Whatman 1 or PET foil and exposed to plasma. The plasma was generated in argon, nitrogen, synthetic dry/humid air with frequency up to 10 kHz and plasma power density in the range of 1,2-2,9 W/cm3 (according to the process gas). The influence of process gas, plasma power density, plasma exposition time, type of microorganism and material of the substrate on the sterilization effect of dielectric barrier discharge was evaluated. Furthermore the contribution of each single mechanism (UV radiation, temperature and reactive species) to the sterilization effect of plasma and influence of gas humidity was evaluated. The DBD was analysed by means of optical emission spectroscopy, thermocouple was used to measure temperature during a sterilization process. In order to verify the mechanical damage of the microbial cell or the substrates during the plasma process the samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Generally, on the basis of experimental results, at increasing treatment times, the remaining number of spores (CFU) decreased. Similarly at increasing the plasma power input, the sterilization rate increased. When sterilising the spores of A. niger in plasma using different process gasses, the efficiency of plasma sterilization decreased as follows: argon, humid synthetic air, nitrogen and dry synthetic air. The results observed in argon plasma using different microorganism demonstrated that the sensitivity of vegetative cells resp. spores to DBD decreased as follows: A. niger spores, B. subtilis vegetative cells, E. coli vegetative cells and B. subtilis spores. Simultaneously results observed for sterilization of spores and vegetative cells of B. subtilis and A. niger demonstrated that the spores are generally more resistant to plasma than are the corresponding vegetative cells. Combining the results of contribution of each single mechanism, optical emission spectroscopy and inactivation characteristic it was found out that the reactive species significantly contribute to the plasma sterilization in all process gasses. Furthermore the inactivation process can be partly assisted by UV radiation and also the temperature can contribute in limited extent to inactivation process in some gasses. The contribution of UV radiation to the plasma sterilization decreased as follows: nitrogen, argon, dry syntetic air and humid syntetic air. Moreover it was found out that the contribution of each single mechanism can be species dependent, this is due to the different response of microorganism to the unfavorable external conditions. SEM analysis of the substrates prooved the etching actions of the plasma generated in all process gasses on the surface of the PET foil. The several minute plasma exposition of the PET foil resulted in the occurence of the „hole corrosion“ on the PET surface. Contrary to these there were no visible changes observed in the paper structure.
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Maršálek, Jaroslav. "Racionalizace technologického procesu elektroerozivního obrábění hloubení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228383.
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The aim of my work is the rationalization of an elektroerosive process of sinking during the production of a die in a given firm on a sinking machine Agie Hyperspark 3HS. This machine was compared with an existing device in Kovolit Modřice, a publicly held company. And subsequently it was tried several variations of setting. Afterwards it was chosen the most optimal setting for consecutive production of concrete die.
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Lesage, Olivier. "Développement d'un procédé d'oxydation avancée pour le traitement d'effluents aqueux contaminés par des polluants réfractaires : étude d'un procédé de décharge plasma à pression atmosphérique couplé à un catalyseur supporté." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069381.
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Dans ces travaux de recherche nous avons cherché à développer et optimiser un procédé d'oxydation avancée dédié au traitement de l'eau. Pour cela, nous avons développé un procédé combinant la génération de radicaux hydroxyles par décharge plasma à pression atmosphérique et un catalyseur fixe. L'originalité de ce travail a été d'utiliser un système d'écoulement permettant l'obtention d'un film liquide (épaisseur<1mm) afin de permettre une interaction entre le plasma, le liquide et la surface catalytique. Les résultats ont montré que l'utilisation d'une décharge de type DBD était préférable au Glidarc, thermique, énergétique et produisant trop de NOx. Les valeurs d'efficacité respectives étaient de 0,67g.kWh-1 pour la DBD et 0,23g.kWh-1 pour le Glidarc. Les résultats ont également montré que le matériau de la contre-électrode/plaque d'écoulement pouvait influencer l'efficacité du procédé. Ainsi dans le cas du laiton, la présence de réactions de corrosion produisant des NO2- réduit l'efficacité de moitié comparée à une plaque d'acier. Le développement d'un modèle CFD 1D à partir des données expérimentales du procédé a été effectué. Ce modèle a permis d'estimer que l'efficacité énergétique de production des HO est de 4,4.10-9 molHO.J-1 pour la décharge DBD. Il a également permis de montrer que le facteur majoritairement limitant était la diffusion moléculaire des espèces dans le liquide. En effet les réactions chimiques ne dure pas plus de 1µs après l'impact du streamer et n'ont lieu que dans les premiers 5% d'épaisseur de liquide. Enfin, un dépôt catalytique de DLC dopé à l'argent et réalisé par rf-PECVD a permis d'améliorer de près de 10% l'efficacité maximale du procédé.
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Gupta, Suryakant Balkrishan. "Investigation of a physical disinfection process based on pulsed underwater corona discharges." Karlsruhe : Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 2007. http://d-nb.info/986911240/34.
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Lunt, Patrick Joseph Brian. "XPS studies of surface ageing and discharge processes in polymeric insulators." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/xps-studies-of-surface-ageing-and-discharge-processes-in-polymeric-insulators(2329d184-6677-4981-988e-e17b95bae229).html.
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The ageing of polymer insulation occurs under long-term exposure to high electric fields and has attracted research due its relevance to high voltage insulation. In this work, polymers that have been electrically aged via a number of methods have been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Despite some use in the investigation of outdoor insulation surfaces, XPS has not been used for investigations of polymer bulk electrical ageing before now. The first XPS measurements, using both small spot analysis and XPS imaging, are presented from the exposed inner surfaces of electrically aged artificial voids and electrical breakdown channels, as well as corona discharge aged surfaces and spark discharge by-products. XPS is shown to be a valuable technique for the investigation of polymer electrical ageing. Investigations into breakdown channels are supported by data acquired using X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results show that the chemistry present at these surfaces takes the form of significant oxidation over a wide area with localised production of graphitic carbon. C-O-, C=O, and O-C=O species are detected in all cases. It is found that similar ageing products are present regardless of the ageing process or material investigated. However, the level of oxidation and relative ratio of the species seen with XPS is shown to be highly dependant on oxygen availability. Greater intensity of carbon oxides, and a shift towards highly oxidised species, is observed when there is more oxygen in the system. XPS imaging of breakdown channels reveals that high concentrations of oxidised components form on the outer edges of the channel, with graphitic carbon forming in the central regions. In addition, evidence for degradation is seen to extend at least 300 μm from channels in XPS imaging and at least ~650 μm in XPS line scans. Variation with the applied discharge energy was investigated for breakdown channels and spark discharge ageing. Evidence is seen for an energy dependence on the breakdown products, with higher energies producing relatively higher graphitic carbon and reduced oxidation products. Further, the relationship between the applied voltage and graphitic carbon concentration suggests an activated process with an energy barrier before graphitic carbon formation starts. XPS observations are supported by confocal Raman microprobe spectroscopy (CRMS) results from artificial voids and electrical breakdown channels, which identify graphitic carbon on a fluorescent background as the main features. XPS data indicate oxidised species are the origin of the fluorescence seen and provides quantitative information on the levels, chemical states and spatial distribution of these species and of graphitic carbon.
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Gupta, Suryakant Balkrishan [Verfasser]. "Investigation of a physical disinfection process based on pulsed underwater corona discharges / Suryakant Balkrishan Gupta." Karlsruhe : Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 2007. http://d-nb.info/986911240/34.
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Kucharik, Miroslav. "Zdravotně technické instalace ve studentských kolejích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227190.
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Diploma thesis describes the design of plumbing systems in student dormitories. The theoretical part discusses the types of waste water, focusing on gray water and its subsequent use. The experimental part is focused on measurement drinking water consumption and drinking water discharge in existing buildings student dormitories and apartment building. The work also contains other variants of possible installation solutions. The project is part of the selected solutions developed a variant form of project documentation for construction.
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Pečko, Aleksej. "Ličio geležies fosfato baterijų iškrovimo proceso tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20130313_093936-82852.
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Darbe yra pateikti ličio geležies fosfato baterijų iškrovimo prie įvairių temperatūrų proceso tyrimai. Išanalizuotos įvairių rūšių baterijos ir nustatytos tinkamiausios baterijos panaudojimui elektra varomame transporte. Mokslinių straipsnių analizė, leido nustatyti ličio geležies fosfato baterijų trūkumus ir pranašumus bei išanalizuoti jų savybes ir ypatumus. Suprojektuotas eksperimentinių tyrimo stendas, pateikta tyrimo metodika ir atlikti ličio geležies fosfato baterijų iškrovimo prie skirtingų temperatūrų tyrimai. Išanalizuoti eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatai, pateiktos išvados ir rekomendacijos.In this work a research of lithium iron phosphate batteries discharge process at different temperatures has been carried out. Different types of batteries have been analyzed and the most suitable battery type for electric transport is chosen. Scientific publication analysis allowed to identify the limitations of lithium iron phosphate batteries and to analyze the characteristics and peculiarities of this battery type. A battery testing stand has been designed, a research methodology has been presented and discharge tests of lithium iron phosphate batteries at normal and low temperatures have been performed. The results have been analyzed and findings together with recommendations have been presented.
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Soural, Ivo. "Studium procesů v dohasínajícím plazmatu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233321.
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The decaying plasma was studied by the optical emission spectroscopy. DC discharge created at 45 – 200 mA in Pyrex and Quartz tubes in flowing regime was used. The emission of three nitrogen spectral systems (1st and 2nd positive and 1st negative) were studied in time evolution for pressures of 500 – 5 000 Pa at two wall temperatures – ambient and liquid nitrogen (150 K inside the decaying plasma). Results showed that all three nitrogen systems (respectively N2(B, v), N2(C, v) and N2+(B, v) states as their origins) had their population maxima called pink-afterglow in the afterglow part. These maxima decreased with the increase of pressure for all systems, and moved to the later decay time. Maxima increased with discharge current (respectively power) and moved to shorter time. Populations at temperature of 150 K were measured due to the experimental arrangement from 17 ms, only, and thus pink aftergow maximum wasn’t observed (only at 5 000 Pa some maximum was recognized). Populations were smaller at 150 K that populations measured at laboratory temperature at the middle decay time (50-100 ms). At the late time, the populations were higher at lower temperature at lower pressure. Higher shifts (in intensity and decaytime) of pink afterglow maxima were observed in Quartz tube in comparison with their values in Pyrex tube. Besides the populations, rotational temperatures of selected bands of three observed spetral systems (for 1st negative 0-0 band, 1st positive 2-0 band and for 2nd positive 0-2 band) were measured. Rotational temperatures were monitored from presumption that this kind of temperature is equal to temperature of neutral gas (at local thermodynamic equilibrium). Results from 1st negative and 1st positive system showed strong decreasing of rotational temperatures up to about 10 ms at post-discharge begin, then temperatures were constant up to 20 ms of decay time and after that they grew up. Temperatures increased with the increase of current. The part with decreased temperature correlated with pink-afterglow part of post-discharge. Unfortunately, rotational temperatures of 2nd positive system had bad reproducibility and the time profile shape was opposite. Experimental results were compared with numerical kinetic model created by group of prof. Vasco Guerra at Instituto Supetior Técnico in Portugal. Several sets of conditions for simulation at 500 and 1 000 K in active discharge were applicable for the calculation corresponding to the experiment. Comparison of numerical simulation and experimental data done for N2(B) state demonstrated that maxima populations in pink afterglow are depended on the temperature difference between active discharge and post discharge. Maxima populations were supposed in pink afterglow disappeared if the same temperatures in active and post discharges were supposed. Temperature in active discharge is higher at higher apllied power, as it was showed from rotational temperatures observation. The results clearly showed that real temperature profile must be included into the kinetic model.
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Thibaud, Florian. "Développement de détecteurs Micromegas pixellisés pour les hauts flux de particules et évaluation de la contribution diffractive à la leptoproduction de hadrons à COMPASS." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112239/document.
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Le travail présenté dans cette thèse porte d’une part sur le développement et la caractérisation d’une nouvelle génération de détecteurs Micromegas (MICROMEsh GAseous Structure) pour l’expérience COMPASS au Cern, et d’autre part sur l’estimation de la contribution de canaux diffractifs à la production de pions et de kaons, dans le cadre de l’étude des fonctions de fragmentation de quarks en hadrons à COMPASS. De nouveaux détecteurs Micromegas d’une surface active de 40 x 40 cm² sont en cours de développement pour le futur de l’expérience COMPASS, à partir de 2015. Ces détecteurs devront fonctionner dans des flux de muons et hadrons approchant 8 MHz/cm². Pour cela, une zone centrale d’environ 5 cm de diamètre, traversée par le faisceau, sera constituée de 1280 pixels, et des technologies permettant de fortement réduire l’impact des décharges seront adoptées. Quatre prototypes de géométrie finale utilisant deux types de technologies de réduction des décharges différentes ont été produits au Cern et testés en conditions réelles à COMPASS entre 2010 et 2012. Trois d’entre eux sont des détecteurs hybrides utilisant une feuille GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) en tant qu’étage de préamplification pour réduire la probabilité de décharge. Le dernier détecteur est équipé d’une structure résistive à « résistances enterrées », permettant la réduction de l’amplitude des décharges. Leurs performances sont présentées dans cette thèse. L’impact de ces résultats sur la production et la mise en œuvre de la série finale de détecteurs est également discuté. Les fonctions de fragmentation de quarks en hadrons l’hadronisation d’un quark de saveur q en un hadron h. Ces fonctions universelles interviennent dans l’expression de la section efficace de nombreux processus. Elles sont accessibles à COMPASS via la réaction de diffusion profondément inélastique semi-inclusive de muons sur des nucléons. Les observables permettant leur extraction dans ce cadre sont les multiplicités de hadrons, soit le nombre moyen de hadrons produits par événement de diffusion profondément inélastique. Les mésons vecteurs issus de processus diffractifs produisent également des pions et kaons par leur désintégration. Ces processus n’impliquant pas l’hadronisation d’un quark, il semble justifié de ne pas les comptabiliser dans la mesure des multiplicités. Ce travail propose une étude Monte-Carlo des contributions de la production diffractive de mésons vecteurs rho et phi à la production de hadrons léger et aux événements inclusifs. Des facteurs de correction des multiplicités sont finalement établis. Enfin, l’effet de cette correction sur l’extraction des fonctions de fragmentation en pions est présentéThis thesis is dedicated to the development and characterisation of a new generation of Micromegas (MICROMEsh GAseous Structure) detectors for the COMPASS experiment at Cern, and the estimation of the diffractive processes’ contribution to the production of pions and kaons, concerning the study of the quark fragmentation functions into hadrons at COMPASS. New Micromegas detectors with a 40 x 40 cm² active area are being developed for the future physics program of the COMPASS experiment starting in 2015. These detectors will have to work in high muon and hadron flux (close to 8 MHz/cm²). In this context, a central area of about 5 cm diameter, crossed by the beam, will be composed of 1280 pixels, and discharge-reduction technologies will be used. Four prototypes with a final read-out geometry, using two different discharge-reduction technologies have been produced at Cern and studied in nominal conditions at COMPASS between 2010 and 2012. Three are hybrid detectors using a GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) foil as a preamplification stage to reduce the discharge probability. The other is equipped with a so called “buried resistors” resistive structure allowing to strongly reduce the discharge amplitude. Their performances are presented in this thesis. The impact of these results on the production and implementation of the final series of detectors is also discussed. Quark fragmentation functions into hadrons describe the hadronisation of a quark of flavor q into a hadron h. These universal functions take part in the cross-section expression of several processes. They can be accessed at COMPASS via semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of muons off nucleons. The relevant observables for fragmentation function extraction are hadron multiplicities, corresponding to the mean number of hadrons produced per deep inelastic scattering event. Vector mesons produced by a diffractive process can decay into pions and kaons. As such processes do not involve quark hadronisation, they should a priori be excluded from multiplicity measurements. This work presents a Monte-Carlo study of the impact of diffractive rho and phi production on light hadrons and inclusive events yields. Multiplicity correction factors are finally established. The effect of this correction on the extraction of pion fragmentation functions is also discussed