Journal articles: 'Disc signal intensity'

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Abdollah, Vahid, Eric C. Parent, and Michele C. Battié. "Is the location of the signal intensity weighted centroid a reliable measurement of fluid displacement within the disc?" Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 63, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2016-0178.

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Abstract Degenerated discs have shorter T2-relaxation time and lower MR signal. The location of the signal-intensity-weighted-centroid reflects the water distribution within a region-of-interest (ROI). This study compared the reliability of the location of the signal-intensity-weighted-centroid to mean signal intensity and area measurements. L4-L5 and L5-S1 discs were measured on 43 mid-sagittal T2-weighted 3T MRI images in adults with back pain. One rater analysed images twice and another once, blinded to measurements. Discs were semi-automatically segmented into a whole disc, nucleus, anterior and posterior annulus. The coordinates of the signal-intensity-weighted-centroid for all regions demonstrated excellent intraclass-correlation-coefficients for intra- (0.99–1.00) and inter-rater reliability (0.97–1.00). The standard error of measurement for the Y-coordinates of the signal-intensity-weighted-centroid for all ROIs were 0 at both levels and 0 to 2.7 mm for X-coordinates. The mean signal intensity and area for the whole disc and nucleus presented excellent intra-rater reliability with intraclass-correlation-coefficients from 0.93 to 1.00, and 0.92 to 1.00 for inter-rater reliability. The mean signal intensity and area had lower reliability for annulus ROIs, with intra-rater intraclass-correlation-coefficient from 0.5 to 0.76 and inter-rater from 0.33 to 0.58. The location of the signal-intensity-weighted-centroid is a reliable biomarker for investigating the effects of disc interventions.

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Milette, Pierre C., Suzanne Fontaine, Luigi Lepanto, Étienne Cardinal, and Guy Breton. "Differentiating Lumbar Disc Protrusions, Disc Bulges, and Discs With Normal Contour but Abnormal Signal Intensity." Spine 24, no. 1 (January 1999): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199901010-00011.

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O’Neill, Conor. "Accuracy of MRI for Diagnosis of Discogenic Pain." Pain Physician 3;11, no. 5;3 (May 14, 2008): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2008/11/311.

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Background: Previous studies have compared MRI parameters to the results from discography. However, none have evaluated the overall diagnostic performance of MRI, taking into account that many MRI characteristics may be correlated. Objective: Determine the accuracy of MRI for diagnosis of discogenic pain, taking into consideration the interdependence of MRI parameters. Study Design: An observational report. Setting: Sample of 143 patients, 92 male and 51 female in a spinal pain speciality center. Discography classification and scorings for MRI parameters were collected as outcome measures. Methods: MRI and discography data were collected from patients with chronic low back pain. Five MRI characteristics were defined: high intensity zone, nuclear signal, disc height, disc contour, and bone marrow intensity change. On discography, each disc was classified as either positive or negative. The accuracy of MRI was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: MRI parameters are correlated with each other and with discography findings, and these correlations affect the accuracy of MRI. Overall, nuclear signal alone is as accurate as any of the other MRI parameters, or combination of parameters, in the diagnosis of discogenic pain. While there is no difference in overall accuracy between nuclear signal and the other MRI parameters, these parameters do influence test performance when there is a moderate loss of nuclear signal . Moderate loss of nuclear signal and disc bulge has the best combination of sensitivity (79.8%) and specificity (79.3%). Adding moderate loss of disc height improves specificity (82.0%) slightly, and decreases sensitivity (73.6%) slightly, while incorporating high intensity zone grade II further improves specificity (92.6%) and decreases sensitivity (54.7%). High intensity zone grade I and bone marrow intensity change have minimal influence, even when there is moderate loss of nuclear signal. Conclusions: MRI parameters are correlated with each other and with discography findings, influencing the diagnostic performance of MRI. Combining MRI parameters improves the diagnostic performance of MRI, but only in the presence of moderate loss of nuclear signal. When there is either normal nuclear signal or severe loss of nuclear signal the other MRI parameters have no influence on test performance. The practical implication for physicians that use discography is that the most important single MRI parameter to consider is nuclear signal. If nuclear signal is normal the disc is very likely to be negative on discography, while if there is severe loss of nuclear signal it is very likely to be positive. Discography will be most useful in discs with moderate loss of nuclear signal, particularly if there are no other MRI abnormalities present. Key words: Discography, MRI, ROC curve, chronic back pain, neural signal, disc contour, high intensity zone

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Ma, Chao, Ran Wang, Dingliang Zhao, Naikun Wang, Ying Han, Shichong Wang, Tianyun Gao, Bin Wang, and Lijuan Lu. "Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Containing Xenogenic Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells on Restoring Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Preclinical Study in a Rabbit Model." Pain Research and Management 2019 (April 16, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6372356.

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Objective. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing multiple growth factors is a promising strategy for disc degeneration. Thus, this study hypothesizes that the combination of PRP and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) may repair degenerative disc more effectively than using each one of them alone. Methods. The model of early intervertebral disc degeneration was induced by annular puncture in the New Zealand rabbit. Autologous PRP was extracted from fresh arterial blood by using two centrifugation techniques. ADSC was offered by the Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research. Four weeks after the first experiment, PRP or ADSCs or a combination of PRP and ADSCs was injected into the punctured intervertebral disc. Four weeks later, disc height and signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were assessed. Results. One month after puncture, we detected relatively narrow discs and lower signal intensity in MRI T2-weighted images. At four weeks after injection, the PRP-ADSC group statistically significantly restored discs, compared with PRP, ADSCs, or negative control group. Conclusions. The combination of PRP and ADSCs shows an effective potential to restore degenerated intervertebral discs in the rabbit.

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Şener, Sevgi, and Faruk Akgünlü. "Correlation of Different MRI Characteristics of Anterior Disc Displacement With Reduction and Without Reduction." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 6, no. 1 (2005): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-6-1-26.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in anterior displacement with reduction (ADDR) and anterior displacement without reduction (ADDWR). Two hundred patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms were examined clinically by a clinician experienced with this disorder. There were 130 joints with ADDR and 45 joints with ADDWR; 88 patients were identified according to the clinical and MRI diagnoses of both observers. The MRI characteristics such as position, signal intensity, morphology of disc, degenerative changes, effusion, scar tissue, avascular necrosis, and condylar hypermobility were evaluated in the individual with ADDR and ADDWR. The Chi-square test was used to determine the correlation between MRI characteristics in the ADDR and the ADDWR. There were significant relationships between degenerative changes and increased signal intensity, degenerative changes and side-way displacement, effusion and the deformation of the disc, effusion and subluxation, increased signal intensity and subluxation, elongation deformation and increased signal intensity, and elongation deformation and side-way displacement in ADDR. There were significant relationships between degenerative changes and effusion, degenerative changes and decreased signal intensity, scar tissue and avascular necrosis, deformation of disc and increased signal intensity, as well as deformation of disc and decreased signal intensity in ADDWR. These MRI findings also correlated with the clinical findings, however, this correlation appears to be a synergistic pattern rather than a set of clear-cut relationships. The correlations between these MRIs and different clinical findings such as pain and dysfunction also must be evaluated. Existing correlations must be considered in the diagnosis and treatment planning of TMD, and signs and symptoms of TMD should be monitored after treatment. Citation Şener S, Akgünlü F. Correlation of Different MRI Characteristics of Anterior Disc Displacement With Reduction and Without Reduction. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:026-036.

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Haughton, Victor. "Point of View: Differentiating Lumbar Disc Protrusions, Disc Bulges, and Discs With Normal Contour but Abnormal Signal Intensity." Spine 24, no. 1 (January 1999): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199901010-00012.

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Park, Chong Oon. "Diurnal variation in lumbar MRI: Correlation between signal intensity, disc height, and disc bulge." Yonsei Medical Journal 38, no. 1 (1997): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.1997.38.1.8.

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Urakado, Misao, Masakuni Naruo, Eiichi Koyanagi, Toshimitsu Nogami, Yuuji Taoka, Hiroshi Ogata, Hiroshi Yoshimi, and Ryouki Nojiri. "Evaluation of Lumbar Disc Degeneration in Adults Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Correlation between Peridiscal Signal Intensity and Nuclear Signal Intensity in 1773 Discs." Orthopedics & Traumatology 43, no. 4 (1994): 1300–1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.43.1300.

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Wang, Lin-Feng, Ying-Ze Zhang, Yong Shen, Yan-Ling Su, Jia-Xin Xu, Wen-Yuan Ding, and Ying-Hua Zhang. "Using the T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity ratio and clinical manifestations to assess the prognosis of patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 13, no. 3 (September 2010): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.3.spine09887.

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ObjectThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of both the signal intensity ratio obtained from MR imaging and clinical manifestations on the prognosis of patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.MethodsThe authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 58 patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament who underwent cervical laminoplasty from February 1999 to July 2007. Magnetic resonance imaging (1.5-T) was performed in all patients before surgery. Sagittal T2-weighted images of the cervical spinal cord compressed by the ossified posterior longitudinal ligament showed increased intramedullary signal intensity, whereas the sagittal images obtained at the C7–T1 disc levels were of normal intensity. The signal intensity ratio between regions of intramedullary increased signal intensity and the normal C7–T1 disc level was calculated based on the signal intensity values generated from the MR imaging workstation. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their signal intensity ratio (high, intermediate, and low signal intensity groups).ResultsThere were significant differences between the 3 groups regarding recovery rate (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.022), duration of disease (p = 0.001), Babinski sign (p < 0.001), ankle clonus (p < 0.001), and both pre- and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in sex among the 3 groups (p = 0.391).ConclusionsPatients with low signal intensity ratios that changed on T2-weighted imaging experienced a good surgical outcome. Low increased signal intensity might reflect mild neuropathological alteration in the spinal cord and greater recuperative potential. An increased signal intensity ratio with positive pyramidal signs indicates less recuperative potential of the spinal cord and a poor surgical outcome.

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Hoffman, Haydn, Aaron W. Choi, Victor Chang, Jon Kimball, Alan S. Verkman, Rubeen Virani, Brian Kim, Tianyi Niu, and Daniel C. Lu. "Aquaporin-1 Expression in Herniated Human Lumbar Intervertebral Discs." Global Spine Journal 7, no. 2 (April 2017): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568217694007.

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Study Design: Case series. Objective: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the cause of spondylosis. The pathogenesis is poorly understood, but disc dehydration often plays a role. In this study, we aim to identify and quantify aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in ex vivo human degenerated IVDs obtained intraoperatively and to investigate the relationship between AQP1 levels and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 intensity of the disc. Methods: Ex vivo samples of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue from lumbar IVDs were obtained from 18 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for disc herniation at L4/5 and L5/S1 level. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the presence of AQP1 expression, and this was quantified by Western blot analysis. AQP1 expression was compared to preoperative IVD signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI. Results: NP tissue was obtained from 18 patients (9 for L4/5 level and 9 for L5/S1 level). AQP1 expression was detected in all samples by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. AQP1 expression had a linear correlation with the preoperative IVD signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI at L4/5 level ( R2 = 0.90) and at L5/S1 level ( R2 = 0.92). AQP1 expression was 52.2 ± 59.0 at L5/S1 level and 15.9 ± 20.6 at L4/5 ( P = .10). Conclusions: Our results show that AQP1 can be detected in IVD obtained from live human subjects. Increased AQP1 expression is associated with greater disc hydration as measured by signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI. AQP1 may have a role in the dehydration associated with disc degeneration.

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Pairet, Benoît, Faustine Cantalloube, and Laurent Jacques. "MAYONNAISE: a morphological components analysis pipeline for circumstellar discs and exoplanets imaging in the near-infrared." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 3724–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab607.

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ABSTRACT Imaging circumstellar discs in the near-infrared provides unprecedented information about the formation and evolution of planetary systems. However, current post-processing techniques for high-contrast imaging using ground-based telescopes have a limited sensitivity to extended signals and their morphology is often plagued with strong morphological distortions. Moreover, it is challenging to disentangle planetary signals from the disc when the two components are close or intertwined. We propose a pipeline that is capable of detecting a wide variety of discs and preserving their shapes and flux distributions. By construction, our approach separates planets from discs. After analysing the distortions induced by the current angular differential imaging (ADI) post-processing techniques, we establish a direct model of the different components constituting a temporal sequence of high-contrast images. In an inverse problem framework, we jointly estimate the starlight residuals and the potential extended sources and point sources hidden in the images, using low-complexity priors for each signal. To verify and estimate the performance of our approach, we tested it on VLT/SPHERE-IRDIS data, in which we injected synthetic discs and planets. We also applied our approach on observations containing real discs. Our technique makes it possible to detect discs from ADI data sets of a contrast above 3 × 10−6 with respect to the host star. As no specific shape of the discs is assumed, we are capable of extracting a wide diversity of discs, including face-on discs. The intensity distribution of the detected disc is accurately preserved and point sources are distinguished, even close to the disc.

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Feng, Ganjun, Xianfeng Zhao, Hao Liu, Huina Zhang, Xiangjun Chen, Rui Shi, Xi Liu, Xiaodan Zhao, Wenli Zhang, and Beiyu Wang. "Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells and nucleus pulposus cells in a degenerative disc model in rabbits: a comparison of 2 cell types as potential candidates for disc regeneration." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 14, no. 3 (March 2011): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.11.spine10285.

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Object The aim of this study was to compare transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in a degenerative disc model in rabbits to determine the better candidate for disc cell therapy. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells and NPCs were transplanted in a rabbit model of disc degeneration. Changes in disc height, according to plain radiography, T2-weighted signal intensity on MR imaging, histology, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG)/DNA, and associated gene expression levels, were evaluated among healthy controls without surgery, sham-operated animals in which only disc degeneration was induced, MSC-transplanted animals, and NPC-transplanted animals for a 16-week period. Results Sixteen weeks after cell transplantation, in the MSC- and NPC-transplanted groups, the decline in the disc height index was reduced and T2-weighted signal intensity increased compared with the sham-operated group. Safranin O staining showed a high GAG content, which was also supported by sGAG/DNA assessment. Disc regeneration was also confirmed at the gene expression level using real-time polymerase chain reaction. However, no significant differences in expression were found between the NPC- and MSC-transplanted groups. Conclusions Study data showed that MSC transplantation is effective for the treatment of disc degeneration and seems to be an ideal substitute for NPCs.

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Maeda, Hiroshi, Hideaki Kira, Hiroshi Fujiki, Katsuya Fujimoto, Isao Shimokawa, Keisuke Iwasaki, Masao Noguchi, and Masatsugu Suehiro. "The Significance of High Signal Intensity on MRI of Lumbar Disc Herniation." Orthopedics & Traumatology 40, no. 4 (1992): 1459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.40.1459.

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Schweitzer, M. E., and K. I. El-Noueam. "Vacuum disc: frequency of high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images." Skeletal Radiology 27, no. 2 (February 13, 1998): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050342.

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Nagashima, Masaki, Hitoshi Abe, Kenji Amaya, Hideo Matsumoto, Hisashi Yanaihara, Yuji Nishiwaki, Yoshiaki Toyama, and Morio Matsumoto. "A method for quantifying intervertebral disc signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging." Acta Radiologica 53, no. 9 (November 2012): 1059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ar.2012.120039.

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Blandino, A., M. Longo, G. Loria, M. Gaeta, and I. Pandolfo. "The Fatty Disc: An Unusual Cause of Bright Intervertebral Disc on T1-Weighted Conventional Spin-Echo MR: A Case Report." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 10, no. 5 (October 1997): 619–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099701000519.

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A hyperintense intervertebral disc on T1-weighted spin-echo MR image, the “bright disc”, is described in a patient with a long-standing ankylosing spondylitis. The high signal intensity was due to the fatty infiltration of the discal tissue, as was clearly demonstrated by the comparison of MR and CT scan of the lumbar spine, probably due to progressive endochondral ossification with subsequent bone marrow metaplasia in the ossified disc.

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Kerttula, L., E. Kääpä, M. Kurunlahti, S. Holm, H. Vanharanta, A. Karttunen, I. Suramo, and O. Tervonen. "MRI FINDINGS AFTER AN EXPERIMENTAL DISC LESION." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 05, no. 02 (June 2001): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957701000477.

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Purpose: A minipig model was used to demonstrate MRI findings in the first three months after an annular disruption. Methods: An incision was made into one of the lumbar discs in each of eight minipigs in the outer and middle parts of the annulus. The remaining intact discs in the lumbar and thoracolumbar regions were used as controls. MR imaging was performed one month and three months after trauma using both a 1.0 T and a 1.5 T MR unit. The histologic analysis was also carried out to demonstrate morphological changes in disc. Results: Eighty-eight percent of the injured discs had a diminished area of bright signal in the nucleus pulposus, also in cases where no signs of trauma in the annulus could be detected in MRI. The degeneration process of the nucleus pulposus was shown to progress during follow-up. High intensity zones were detected in 50% of the injured discs and they tended to appear already after one month follow-up. Histological examination showed that the high-intensity zone contained clusters of nuclear cells originating in the nucleus pulposus. Conclusion: It is concluded that lesions producing high-intensity zones can be induced in an experimental animal model and it can already be detected one month after the trauma. Degeneration process of the nucleus is generally initiated after a peripheral annular lesion.

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Alkhasawneh, Mahmoud H., Asma’a Al-Mnayyis, and Yazeed Bagain. "Spinal Degeneration and Degenerative Disc Disease correlation identified with Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2149.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the golden standard technique for spine disc disease diagnosis. Vertebral body endplate signal intensity on MRI is confirming lumber spine degenerative disc disease.The study aimed to record the lumbar spine degenerative relation between disc and diseaseusing magnetic resonance imaging. Our prospective and double blind investigation included 142 participants,having lumbar spine degenerativedisease confirmed by MRI. Pfirrmann score was used to record the relation between lumbar spine disc degeneration and lumbar spine degenerative disease. Modic modifications with the Pfirrmann and modified Pfirrmann scores of disc degeneration were assessed.Lumbar spine MRI was done for all participants using sagittal T1 and T2 WI. Modic was scored (0-III) The Pfirrmann scored I-V for disc degeneration. Lumbar disc degeneration was evaluated by modified Pfirrmann scoring from 1-8 according to signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus and inner annulus.Modic was recorded in 41.5%, 24.6%, 32.4% and 1.4% of participants with scores 0, I, II and III, respectively. Pfirrmann score was 13.4%, 73.9% and 12.7% of disc degeneration with scores III, IV and V, respectively, while,the modified Pfirrmann score was 2.1%, 15.5%, 38.7%, 26.8% and 16.9% of disc degeneration with scores of 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, respectively. The modified Pfirrmann score showed notableinconsistencyin participants with Modic 0, I and II, but no difference between Modic I and II.There was significant relation between Modicand lumbar spine disc degeneration. In conclusion, there is a relation between Modic, Pfirrmann and modified Pfirrmann scores of lumbar spine disc degeneration in participants with lumbar spine degenerative disease.

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Lund, Teija, Dietrich Schlenzka, Martina Lohman, Leena Ristolainen, Hannu Kautiainen, Erkko Klemetti, and Kalevi Österman. "The intervertebral disc during growth: Signal intensity changes on magnetic resonance imaging and their relevance to low back pain." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): e0275315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275315.

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Life-time prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in children and adolescents varies from 7% to 72%. Disc changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been reported in up to 44% of children with earliest observations around pre-puberty. In this longitudinal cohort study, our objective was to determine the natural history of disc changes from childhood to early adulthood, and the possible association of these changes to LBP. Healthy 8-year-old schoolchildren were recruited for this longitudinal study consisting of a semi-structured interview, a clinical examination, and an MRI investigation at the age of 8–9 (Y8), 11–12 (Y12) and 18–19 (Y19) years. The interview inquired about LBP without trauma. T2-weighted sagittal MRI of the lumbar spine was acquired. Life-long prevalence of LBP was determined, and the disc signal intensity (SI) at the three lowest lumbar levels was assessed both visually using the Schneiderman classification (Bright-Speckled-Dark), and digitally using the disc to cerebrospinal fluid -SI ratio. Possible associations between SI changes and LBP were analyzed. Ninety-four of 208 eligible children were included at Y8 in 1994, 13 and 23 participants were lost to follow-up at Y12 and Y19, respectively. Prevalence of LBP increased after the pubertal growth spurt reaching 54% at Y19. On MRI, 18%, 10% and 38% of participants had disc SI changes at Y8, Y12 and Y19, respectively. No significant associations between self-reported LBP and either qualitative or quantitative disc SI changes were observed at any age. Life-time prevalence of LBP reached 54% by early adulthood. Disc SI changes on MRI traditionally labeled as degenerative were seen earlier than previously reported. Changes in disc SI were not associated with the presence of LBP in childhood, adolescence or early adulthood.

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Polsawat, Achinee, Nattawoot Suwannata, Apirat Siritaratiwat, and Anan Kruesubthaworn. "Signal Analysis of Scratch-Detection on Magnetic Disc by Using Light Reflection Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.203.

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In hard disk manufacturing, a process of quality inspection of magnetic disc is crucially focused on finding traces of scratch that occur on the surface by various sources such as production process, machinery, tribology or recording head. It may affect the efficiency of magnetic disc’s read/write ability. Many approaches have been proposed to detect the scratch by either destructive or non-destructive testing. In this study, it shows an analysis of signals from the detected scratches on the magnetic disc by reflection light method, using a CD pick-up head. It works by producing an incidental laser beam to the surface and then detecting it by a photodiode detector. The results showed that when the laser beam is incident onto the magnetic disc with/ without scratch, reflecting lights to the photodiode are different and the signal changes according to the intensity of the incidental/reflecting lights.

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Nievas, Mario Nazareno Carviy, and Hans-Georg Hoellerhage. "Unusual sequestered disc fragments simulating spinal tumors and other space-occupying lesions." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 11, no. 1 (July 2009): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.3.spine08161.

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Object In this study the authors evaluated disease incidence, treatment, and outcome in patients with unusual sequestered disc fragments simulating spinal tumors or another space-occupying lesion on preoperative MR imaging. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed data from the last 3000 patients with a histological diagnosis of disc herniation. Patients with preoperative MR imaging findings that simulated a spinal tumor or other spaceoccupying lesion were individually analyzed. Results In 11 patients (0.4%), MR imaging findings of unusual sequestered disc fragments were mistaken for another spinal space-occupying lesion. In 8 cases, the fragments had migrated to the posterior spinal space; in 3 cases, into the dural sac. In 3 patients, the fragments were distant from the original disc space. A heterogeneous mass was revealed with low-intensity or isointense signal on T1-weighted MR images as well as low signal (4 cases) or high signal (7 cases) intensity on T2-weighted images, relative to the spinal structures. A slight diffuse or peripheral Gd enhancement rim was observed in 7 patients. Disc fragments were located in the cervical (1 patient), thoracic (2 patients), and lumbar (8 patients) spine. All lesions were completely removed. Discectomy was required in 4 patients. A complete recovery occurred in 8 patients and a minor neurological deficit remained in 3. Conclusions Atypically located disc herniations should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with MR imaging data indicating spinal space-occupying disorders. All of these lesions, even those intradurally located, can be completely removed.

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Colakoglu, Bulent, and Deniz Alis. "Evaluation of lumbar multifidus muscle in patients with lumbar disc herniation: are complex quantitative MRI measurements needed?" Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 8 (June 20, 2019): 3590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519853430.

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Objective To assess the composition of lumbar multifidus muscle, in patients with unilateral lumbar disc herniation causing nerve compression, using quantitative and qualitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement methods. Methods Two radiologists retrospectively measured MRI signal intensity of the multifidus muscle, as high intensity represents more fat, and visually graded the fat content using a 5-point grading system in patients with unilateral subarticular lumbar disc herniation. Findings from the herniated and contralateral sides were compared. The association between fat content and severity of nerve compression and symptom duration were also evaluated. Results Ninety patients (aged 24–70 years) were included. Signal intensity of the affected multifidus muscle was significantly higher versus the contralateral muscle for quantitative measurements and qualitative scoring for both investigators. Significant correlations were observed between the severity of nerve compression and symptom duration and the degree of fat content in the affected multifidus muscle. Conclusions Higher fat composition was observed in the multifidus muscle ipsilateral to the lumbar disc herniation versus the contralateral side. Straightforward visual grading of muscle composition regarding fat infiltration appeared to be as useful as quantitative measurement.

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Kingma, Idsart, Harrie Weinans, Jaap H. van Dieën, and Ruud W. de Boer. "Finite Element Aided Tracking of Signal Intensity Changes in Deforming Intervertebral Disc Tissue." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 16, no. 1 (January 1998): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0730-725x(97)00251-8.

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Li, Pei, Ruijie Zhang, and Qiang Zhou. "Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Retarding Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7919201.

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Objectives.Several animal studies have demonstrated the positive effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on disc degeneration retardation. The present meta-analysis was to verify the efficacy of PRP in retarding disc degeneration in animal.Methods.Relevant studies were identified and evaluated according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and related 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated to assess PRP efficiency.Results.In total, eleven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Significant differences were found in the PRP treatment group, which showed increased disc height (SMD = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.86, 3.47,p=0.000), increased MRI T2 signal intensity (SMD = −3.29, 95% CI: −4.44, −2.13,p=0.000), and decreased histological degeneration grade (SMD = −4.28, 95% CI: −5.26, −3.30,p=0.000). However, no significant increase in collagen II expression was found (SMD = 25389.74, 95% CI: −27585.72, 78365.21,p=0.348). Apart from the subgroup analysis of the disc height based on animal species (pig) and disc degeneration model (chymopapain induction), other subgroup analysis based on animal species (rabbit and rat), study design, disc degeneration model, and follow-up period demonstrated that PRP treatment can significantly restore disc height and increase MRI T2 signal intensity.Conclusions.PRP treatment is potentially effective in restoring disc height of rodent rabbit and rat, reducing histological degeneration grade, and increasing MRI T2 image signal. PRP injection may be promising therapy for retarding disc degeneration.

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Belavý, Daniel L., P. Martin Bansmann, Gisela Böhme, Petra Frings-Meuthen, Martina Heer, Jörn Rittweger, Jochen Zange, and Dieter Felsenberg. "Changes in intervertebral disc morphology persist 5 mo after 21-day bed rest." Journal of Applied Physiology 111, no. 5 (November 2011): 1304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00695.2011.

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As part of the nutrition-countermeasures (NUC) study in Cologne, Germany in 2010, seven healthy male subjects underwent 21 days of head-down tilt bed rest and returned 153 days later to undergo a second bout of 21-day bed rest. As part of this model, we aimed to examine the recovery of the lumbar intervertebral discs and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) after bed rest using magnetic resonance imaging and conduct a pilot study on the effects of bed rest in lumbar muscle activation, as measured by signal intensity changes in T2-weighted images after a standardized isometric spinal extension loading task. The changes in intervertebral disc volume, anterior and posterior disc height, and intervertebral length seen after bed rest did not return to prebed-rest values 153 days later. While recovery of muscle CSA occurred after bed rest, increases ( P ≤ 0.016) in multifidus, psoas, and quadratus lumborum muscle CSA were seen 153 days after bed rest. A trend was seen for greater activation of the erector spinae and multifidus muscles in the standardized loading task after bed rest. Greater reductions of multifidus and psoas CSA muscle and greater increases in multifidus signal intensity with loading were associated with incidence of low back pain in the first 28 days after bed rest ( P ≤ 0.044). The current study contributes to our understanding of the recovery of the lumbar spine after 21-day bed rest, and the main finding was that a decrease in spinal extensor muscle CSA recovers within 5 mo after bed rest but that changes in the intervertebral discs persist.

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Zhao, Ming, David Nolte, Wonryeon Cho, Fred Regnier, Manoj Varma, Greg Lawrence, and John Pasqua. "High-Speed Interferometric Detection of Label-Free Immunoassays on the Biological Compact Disc." Clinical Chemistry 52, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2006.072793.

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Abstract Background: We describe a direct-detection immunoassay that uses high-speed optical interferometry on a biological compact disc (BioCD). Methods: We fabricated phase-contrast BioCDs from 100-mm diameter 1.1-mm thick borosilicate glass disks coated with a 10-layer dielectric stack of Ta2O5/SiO2 that serves as a mirror with a center wavelength at 635 nm. The final layer is a λ/4 layer of SiO2 onto which protein patterns are immobilized through several different chemical approaches. Protein on the disc is scanned by a focused laser spot as the disc spins. Interaction of the light with the protein provides both a phase-modulated signal and a local reference that are combined interferometrically to convert phase into intensity. A periodic pattern of protein on the spinning disc produces an intensity modulation as a function of time that is proportional to the surface-bound mass. The binding of antigen or antibodies is detected directly, without labels, by a change in the interferometric intensity. The technique is demonstrated with a reverse assay of immobilized rabbit and mouse IgG antigen incubated against anti-IgG antibody in a casein buffer. Results: The signal increased with increased concentration of analyte. The current embodiment detected a concentration of 100 ng/L when averaged over ∼3000 100-micron-diameter protein spots. Conclusions: High-speed interferometric detection of label-free protein assays on a rapidly spinning BioCD is a high-sensitivity approach that is amenable to scaling up to many analytes.

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Sugiura, Kosuke, Ichiro Tonogai, Tetsuya Matsuura, Kosaku Higashino, Toshinori Sakai, Naoto Suzue, Daisuke Hamada, et al. "Discoscopic Findings of High Signal Intensity Zones on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/245952.

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A 32-year-old man underwent radiofrequency thermal annuloplasty (TA) with percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PED) under local anesthesia for chronic low back pain. His diagnosis was discogenic pain with a high signal intensity zone (HIZ) in the posterior corner of the L4-5 disc. Flexion pain was sporadic, and steroid injection was given twice for severe pain. After the third episode of strong pain, PED and TA were conducted. The discoscope was inserted into the posterior annulus and revealed a migrated white nucleus pulposus which was stained blue. Then, after moving the discoscope to the site of the HIZ, a migrated slightly red nucleus pulposus was found, suggesting inflammation and/or new vessels penetrating the mass. After removing the fragment, the HIZ site was ablated by TA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the discoscopic findings of HIZ of the lumbar intervertebral disc.

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Stosic-Opincal, Tatjana, Vesna Peric, Danica Grujicic, Svetlana Gavrilovic, and Ivana Golubicic. "The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of postoperative spondylodiscitis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 61, no. 5 (2004): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0405479s.

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Background. Spondylodiscitis, discitis associated with vertebral osteomyelitis may follow disc-removal surgery. A targeted successful treatment of spinal infections requires clinical and laboratory data that are completed by the contribution of imaging procedures. Neuroimaging provides precise information on correct topography, localization, propagation, and differential diagnosis of spinal infectious lesions. The aim of this study was to present magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with postoperative spondylodiscitis. Methods. MRI was performed in 6 patients aged 29-50, with clinically suspected postoperative spondylodiscitis. Initial examination was performed 3-8 weeks after surgery and 3, 6, or 12 months after the treatment by antibiotics. Patients underwent MRI on a 1T imaging unit (Siemens, Magnetom-Impact), including sagittal T1W and T2W images and axial T1W images before and after the administration of gadolinium contrast medium. Results. MRI findings included: significantly decreased signal intensity with the loss of distinction between vertebral body and intervertebral disc space on T1W, increased signal intensity in the adjacent vertebral body and end-plates on T2W, contrast enhancement of vertebral body and disc space and paravertebral soft tissue changes. Follow-up examinations performed 3, 6, or 12 months after the treatment showed less abnormal signal intensities on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Conclusion. Postoperative spondylodiscitis is a rare but severe complication of lumbar disc surgery. Since conventional imaging techniques are not reliable for detecting spondylodiscitis in its early stages, MRI is of great significance in the diagnosis of postoperative spondylodiscitis.

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Luoma, Katariina, Tapio Vehmas, Hilkka Riihimäki, and Raili Raininko. "Disc Height and Signal Intensity of the Nucleus Pulposus on Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Indicators of Lumbar Disc Degeneration." Spine 26, no. 6 (March 2001): 680–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200103150-00026.

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Basile, Luigi, Lara Brunasso, Rosa Maria Gerardi, Rosario Maugeri, Domenico Gerardo Iacopino, Carlo Gulì, Maria Angela Pino, Silvana Tumbiolo, Giovanni Federico Nicoletti, and Francesca Graziano. "Traumatic lumbar disc extrusion mimicking spinal epidural hematoma: Case report and literature review." Surgical Neurology International 11 (October 21, 2020): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_407_2020.

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Background: Because the neurological presentation of spinal epidural hematomas (SEH) is often not specific, they may be misdiagnosed as acute lumbar disk herniations. Here, we present a case in which a traumatic disc extrusion mimicked an epidural hematoma and reviewed the appropriate literature. Case Description: A 27-year-old male sustained a high-energy fall. The lumbar MRI scan showed a L4-S1 ventral medium/high signal intensity mass on the T1- and high signal intensity lesion on T2-weighted images; the original diagnosis was spinal epidural hematoma. However, at surgery, consisting of a left L4 and L5 hemilaminectomy with L4-L5 and L5-S1 laminotomy, an extruded lumbar disc was encountered at the L4-L5 level and removed; no additional pathology or SEH was found at either level. Conclusion: On MR, SEH may mimic acute lumbar disk herniations. Depending on the clinical symptoms/signs, surgical intervention will both correctly confirm the diagnosis and relieve neural compression.

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Jha, Subash Chandra, Satendra Raut, Pradip Kumar Gupta, and Surya Parajuli. "Prevalence of High Intensity Zone in Lumbar Spine and its Correlation with Lumbar Disc Degeneration in Patients Attending Tertiary Hospital of Eastern Nepal." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v17i1.34302.

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Introduction: A high intensity zone (HIZ) in intervertebral disc (IVD) of lumbar spine is a high intensity signal located in the annulus fibrosus of T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. There is limited information on the prevalence of HIZ in lumbar spine in Nepalese population. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the prevalence of HIZ according to the age and its correlation with degenerated disc, disc herniation & bulge and modic changes. Methods: This was a prospective MR based study in 268 patients (1380 IVD) with LBP, Leg pain or numbness. The prevalence and correlation of HIZ , degenerated disc, disc herniation and bulge and modic change was evaluated in 5 age groups (<20, 20-39, 40-59, 60-79, >80). Results: The prevalence of HIZ in patients with LBP was 30.5%. Total 1340 IVD were examined out of which122 had HIZ, 742 had degenerated disc, 688 had disc herniation and bulge and 182 had modic changes. Degenerated disc was observed in 95% (116/122) and 51.3% (626/1218) of disc with and without HIZ respectively. Disc herniation and bulge were observed in 98.3% (120/122) and 46.6% (568/1218) of the disc with and without HIZ, respectively. Modic changes were observed in 11.4% (14/122) and 13.7% (168/1218) of disc with and without HIZ respectively. Conclusions: There was statistically significant correlation between existence of HIZ and degenerated discand disc herniation and bulge, but there was no correlation with the existence of modic changes.

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Song, Jun-Hyeok, Hyang-Kwon Park, and Kyu-Man Shin. "Spontaneous regression of a herniated cervical disc in a patient with myelopathy." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 90, no. 1 (January 1999): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.1999.90.1.0138.

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✓ The authors present a case of spontaneous regression of a herniated cervical nucleus pulposus in a patient with myelopathy. This 37-year-old woman developed sudden quadriparesis; she had reported no history of trauma. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a large disc herniation and increased signal intensity of the cord at the C5–6 level. The extruded disc fragment was found to have resolved on follow-up MR imaging after 28 months, despite the fact that the patient had undergone no specific treatment. The patient's symptoms had subsided almost totally. This is the first case of MR-documented regression of a cervical disc herniation in a patient with myelopathy.

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Li, Wenhao, He Zhao, Zhencheng Xiong, Chuanhong Li, Jianbin Guan, Tao Liu, Yongdong Yang, and Xing Yu. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy in Animal Models of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Based on Imaging Indicators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Stem Cells International 2022 (August 31, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2482653.

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Objective. The purpose of this study is to make a systematic review of the therapeutic effect of stem cells in animal models of disc degeneration from an imaging point of view. Methods. Data were extracted by searching electronic databases for RCTs that met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 15.1 software. This meta-analysis was registered with INPLASY, registration number INPLASY202240148. Results. A total of 34 studies were included, covering four species of animals, rabbits, sheep, rats, and mice, with a total of 1163 intervertebral discs. In terms of DHI, the efficacy of stem cell group in rabbits ( P < 0.001 ), mice ( P < 0.001 ), sheep ( P < 0.001 ), and rats ( P = 0.001 ) was better than that in control group. In terms of disc height, the efficacy of stem cell group in rats ( P < 0.001 ) was better than that in control group, while in sheep ( P = 0.355 ), there was no statistical difference between two groups. In terms of MRI index, the efficacy of stem cell group in rats ( P < 0.001 ), mice ( P < 0.001 ), and rabbits ( P = 0.016 ) was better than that in control group. In terms of MRI signal score, the efficacy of stem cell group in rabbits ( P < 0.001 ) was better than that of control group. In terms of T2 signal intensity, stem cell group was more effective than control group in rabbits ( P < 0.001 ), mice ( P < 0.001 ), and rats ( P = 0.003 ).Conclusion. Stem cell therapy can improve intervertebral disc-related imaging parameters in animal models of disc degeneration, indicating that stem cell therapy has a repairing effect on intervertebral discs. However, given the heterogeneity and limitations of this study, this conclusion still needs to be tested by a large number of studies.

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Yaltırık, Cumhur Kaan, Emin Oğuzcan Yamaner, Meriç Ülgen, Ezel Yaltırık Bigin, Zeynep Firat, and Gazanfer Ekinci. "Comparison of Pfirrmann classification and objective T2 signal intensity of cervical disc-cisterna magna ratio measurements in cervical intervertebral disc degeneration." Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 27 (March 2022): 101434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inat.2021.101434.

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Subhan, Rifa Aquidah, Karunanithi Puvanan, Malliga Raman Murali, Hanumantha Rao Balaji Raghavendran, Samuel Shani, Basri Johan Jeet Abdullah, Azlina Amir Abbas, Jamal Azmi Mohamed, and Tunku Kamarul. "Fluoroscopy Assisted Minimally Invasive Transplantation of Allogenic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Embedded in HyStem Reduces the Progression of Nucleus Pulposus Degeneration in the Damaged Interverbal Disc: A Preliminary Study in Rabbits." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/818502.

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This study was conducted to develop a technique for minimally invasive and accurate delivery of stem cells to augment nucleus pulposus (NP) in damaged intervertebral discs (IVD). IVD damage was created in noncontiguous discs at L4-L5 level; rabbits (N=12) were randomly divided into three groups: group I treated with MSCs in HyStem hydrogel, group II treated with HyStem alone, and group III received no intervention. MSCs and hydrogel were administered to the damaged disc under guidance of fluoroscopy. Augmentation of NP was assessed through histological and MRI T2 mapping of the NP after eight weeks of transplantation. T2 weighted signal intensity was higher in group I than in groups II and III (P<0.05). Disc height index showed maximum disc height in group I compared to groups II and III. Histological score of the degenerative index was significantly (P<0.05) lower in group I (8.6 ± 1.8) than that in groups II (11.6 ± 2.3) and III (18.0 ± 5.7). Immunohistochemistry staining for collagen type II and aggrecan staining were higher in group I as compared to other groups. Our results demonstrate that the minimally invasive administration of MSCs in hyaluronan hydrogel (HyStem) augments the repair of NP in damaged IVD.Erratum to “Fluoroscopy Assisted Minimally Invasive Transplantation of Allogenic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Embedded in HyStem Reduces the Progression of Nucleus Pulposus Degeneration in the Damaged Intervertebral Disc: A Preliminary Study in Rabbits”

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Urakado, Misao, Masakuni Naruo, Eiichi Koyanagi, Yuuji Taoka, Mutuo Shiiba, Yoshihiro Ryouki, Tooru Kitazono, and Yoshiyuki Kato. "Evaluation of Lumbar Disc Lesions in Teen-agers using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A correlative Study between Peridiscal Singnal Intensity and Nuclear Signal intensity in 500 Discs." Orthopedics & Traumatology 42, no. 3 (1993): 1092–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.42.1092.

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Velayudhan, Dewaraj, Sarwinder Singh Bharmjit Singh, Moventhiran Ramakrishnan, Idris Shahrom, Azmin Kass Rosman, Nurfareha Mohd Hatta, and Muhammad Afif Munshi. "A Rare Case of Sequestered Intervertebral Disc Mimicking a Tumour." Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research 06, no. 03 (2022): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46759/iijsr.2022.6309.

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Although intervertebral disc herniation is commonly seen in clinical practice, spinal canal migration of disc fragments is rarely found and can cause a diagnosis dilemma. Intervertebral disc herniation is defined as displacement of disc material beyond its anatomical space. The lumbar spine is the most commonly affected; mostly L4/L5 and L5/S1 region. Disc sequestration refers to the migration of herniated disc fragments into the epidural space, or in rare cases intradural space. Hereby we present a case of sequestered intradural disc at the level of L3/L4 level mimicking a spinal tumour. A 46-year-old man presented with complaints of dull-aching bilateral lower limb pain for the past five years. Then, for the past three months, he experienced numbness over bilateral feet. For the past one month, there is weakness of bilateral lower limbs and he was unable to stand and walk. There is no erectile dysfunction, urinary and faecal incontinence. There was no history of trauma. Examination revealed sensory and motor deficits over bilateral lower limbs from level L3 onwards. There is no spine tenderness. Bilateral straight leg test were negative. MRI spine reported as L3/L4 intradural spinal lesion that demonstrates T1W iso-intensity, predominantly low signal intensity on T2W with minimal area of hyperintensity within. Lesion measured 1.3 x 1.4 x 2.5cm. Laminectomy was done and intra-operatively it was noted sequestered disc material protruding into dura from L2/L3 up to L4/L5. Post-operative period was uneventful and patient regained full muscle power by post-operative day-3. MRI is the gold standard diagnostic tool for spinal pathologies, nevertheless migrated disc fragments can be mistaken for spinal tumour. Hence, it important to keep intervertebral disc prolapse as a differential. In view of the excellent prognosis in these cases, it is not advisable to delay surgery with additional invasive investigation

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KONIECZNY, MARKUS RAFAEL, JEREMIA REINHARDT, MAX PROST, CHRISTOPH SCHLEICH, and RÜDIGER KRAUSPE. "Signal Intensity of Lumbar Disc Herniations: Correlation With Age of Herniation for Extrusion, Protrusion, and Sequestration." International Journal of Spine Surgery 14, no. 1 (February 2020): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14444/7014.

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Funayama, Toru, Yusuke Setojima, Yosuke Shibao, Hiroshi Noguchi, Kousei Miura, Fumihiko Eto, Kosuke Sato, et al. "A Case of Postoperative Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation Conservatively Treated with Novel Intradiscal Condoliase Injection." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2022 (February 15, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3656753.

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Although postoperative recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rec-LDH) is uncommon, it is a challenging situation that requires revision surgery when conservative treatment fails. Recently, an agent inducing chemical dissolution of the nucleus pulposus using condoliase has been approved as a novel intradiscal treatment for LDH. To date, no evidence has been reported regarding its effectiveness in the treatment of postoperative rec-LDH. A 25-year-old man with a history of LDH in L4/5, who underwent transforaminal full endoscopic lumbar discectomy when he was 17 years old, complained of severe pain radiating to his left leg since 1 month. The straight leg-raising test was limited to 25° on the left side. Lumbar T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed intracanal, left-sided transligamentous disc herniation at L4/5 with high-signal intensity. Because the conservative treatment with oral analgesics and selective left L5 nerve root block failed, the patient requested intradiscal condoliase injection instead of revision surgery. There were no adverse events reported after the condoliase treatment, and the pain radiating to the left leg improved within 2 weeks. A lumbar MRI performed 2 months after treatment revealed that the disc herniation had significantly decreased in size. The straight leg-raising test examined 3 months after treatment was negative. In this case, the disc herniation was of the transligamentous type and showed a high-signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI which could be suitably treated by condoliase injection therapy. This case report is the first to suggest that intradiscal condoliase injection could be a useful and novel conservative treatment option to treat postoperative rec-LDH.

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Neubert, A., J. Fripp, C. Engstrom, D. Walker, M.-A. Weber, R. Schwarz, and S. Crozier. "Three-dimensional morphological and signal intensity features for detection of intervertebral disc degeneration from magnetic resonance images." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 20, no. 6 (November 2013): 1082–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001547.

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Chang, Hsuan-Kan, Wen-Cheng Huang, Jau-Ching Wu, Peng-Yuan Chang, Tsung-Hsi Tu, Li-Yu Fay, Ching-Lan Wu, Huang-Chou Chang, and Henrich Cheng. "Should Cervical Disc Arthroplasty Be Done on Patients with Increased Intramedullary Signal Intensity on Magnetic Resonance Imaging?" World Neurosurgery 89 (May 2016): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.029.

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Farmer, Caitlin, Denise A. O'Connor, Hopin Lee, Kirsten McCaffery, Christopher Maher, Dave Newell, Aidan Cashin, David Byfield, Jeffrey Jarvik, and Rachelle Buchbinder. "Consumer understanding of terms used in imaging reports requested for low back pain: a cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e049938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049938.

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ObjectivesTo investigate (1) self-reported societal comprehension of common and usually non-serious terms found in lumbar spine imaging reports and (2) its relationship to perceived seriousness, likely persistence of low back pain (LBP), fear of movement, back beliefs and history and intensity of LBP.DesignCross-sectional online survey of the general public.SettingFive English-speaking countries: UK, USA, Canada, New Zealand and Australia.ParticipantsAdults (age >18 years) with or without a history of LBP recruited in April 2019 with quotas for country, age and gender.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-reported understanding of 14 terms (annular fissure, disc bulge, disc degeneration, disc extrusion, disc height loss, disc protrusion, disc signal loss, facet joint degeneration, high intensity zone, mild canal stenosis, Modic changes, nerve root contact, spondylolisthesis and spondylosis) commonly found in lumbar spine imaging reports. For each term, we also elicited worry about its seriousness, and whether its presence would indicate pain persistence and prompt fear of movement.ResultsFrom 774 responses, we included 677 (87.5%) with complete and valid responses. 577 (85%) participants had a current or past history of LBP of whom 251 (44%) had received lumbar spine imaging. Self-reported understanding of all terms was poor. At best, 235 (35%) reported understanding the term ‘disc degeneration’, while only 71 (10.5%) reported understanding the term ‘Modic changes’. For all terms, a moderate to large proportion of participants (range 59%–71%), considered they indicated a serious back problem, that pain might persist (range 52%–71%) and they would be fearful of movement (range 42%–57%).ConclusionCommon and usually non-serious terms in lumbar spine imaging reports are poorly understood by the general population and may contribute to the burden of LBP.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000545167.

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Liu, Wanguo, Chenglin Tang, Lidi Liu, Qing San Zhu, and Lan Feng Huang. "Cervical intervertebral disc calcification with extreme lateral herniation in a child: T2-weighted signal intensity of the involved disc can be restored to normal." Child's Nervous System 32, no. 4 (August 29, 2015): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-015-2886-0.

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Yagi, Mitsuru, Ken Ninomiya, Michiya Kihara, and Yukio Horiuchi. "Long-term surgical outcome and risk factors in patients with cervical myelopathy and a change in signal intensity of intramedullary spinal cord on magnetic resonance imaging." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 12, no. 1 (January 2010): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.5.spine08940.

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Object The goal of this study was to determine the long-term clinical significance of and the risk factors for intramedullary signal intensity change on MR images in patients with cervical compression myelopathy (CCM), an entity most commonly seen with cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Methods One hundred seventy-four patients with CCM but without cervical disc herniation, severe OPLL (in which the cervical canal is < 10 mm due to OPLL), or severe kyphotic deformity (> 15° of cervical kyphosis) who underwent surgery were initially selected. One hundred eight of these patients were followed for > 36 months, and the 71 patients who agreed to MR imaging examinations both pre- and postsurgery were enrolled in the study (the mean follow-up duration was 60.6 months). All patients underwent cervical laminoplasty. The authors used the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and recovery ratio for evaluation of pre- and postoperative outcomes. The multifactorial effects of variables such as age, sex, a history of smoking, diabetes mellitus, duration of symptoms, postoperative expansion of the high signal intensity area of the spinal cord on MR imaging, sagittal arrangement of the cervical spine, presence of ventral spinal cord compression, and presence of an unstable cervical spine were studied. Results Change in intramedullary signal intensity was observed in 50 of the 71 patients preoperatively. The pre- and postoperative JOA scores and the recovery ratio were significantly lower in the patients with signal intensity change. The mean JOA score of the upper extremities was also significantly lower in these patients. Twenty-one patients showed hypointensity in their T1-weighted images, and a nonsignificant correlation was observed between intensity in the T1-weighted image and the mean JOA score and recovery ratio. The risk factors for signal intensity change were instability of the cervical spine (OR 8.255, p = 0.037) and ventral spinal cord compression (OR 5.502, p < 0.01). Among these patients, 16 had postoperative expansion of the high signal intensity area of the spinal cord. The mean JOA score and the recovery ratio at the final follow-up were significantly lower in these patients. The risk factor for postoperative expansion of the high signal intensity area was instability of the cervical spine (OR 5.509, p = 0.022). No significant correlation was observed between signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images and postoperative expansion of the intramedullary high signal intensity area on T2-weighted MR images. Conclusions Long-term clinical outcome was significantly worse in patients with intramedullary signal intensity changes on MR images. The risk factors were instability of the cervical spine and severe ventral spinal compression. The long-term clinical outcome was also significantly worse in patients with postoperative expansion of the high signal intensity area. The fact that cervical instability was a risk factor for the postoperative expansion of the high signal intensity indicates that this high signal intensity area occurred, not only from necrosis secondary to ischemia of the anterior spinal artery, but also from the repeated minor traumas inflicted on the spinal cord from an unstable cervical spine. The long-term neurological outcome found in the preliminary study of patients with CCM who had cervical instability and intramedullary signal intensity changes on MR images suggests that surgical treatment should include posterior fixation along with cervical laminoplasty or anterior spinal fusion.

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Arief Apriliani, Karina Sandra, Sri Andreani Utomo, Muhaimin, and Lailatul Muqmiroh. "IMAGE COMPARISON ON T2 QTSE LUMBAL EXAMINATION USING GRAPPA TECHNIQUE WITH AND WITHOUT MAGNETIZATION TRANSFER CONTRAST IN DEGENERATIVE DISC DISEASE CASE." Journal of Vocational Health Studies 6, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jvhs.v6.i1.2022.9-16.

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Background: The description of Degenerative Disc Disease in MRI lumbar FSE sequence T2WI is seen as a decrease in signal intensity. Patients with cases of Degenerative Disc Disease experience severe low back pain and cannot lie supine for a long time, while MRI is very sensitive to movement. GRAPPA is a parallel imaging technique that can produce images with a fast scan time but is followed by a decreased Signal to Noise Ratio SNR value. This technique needs to be followed by setting other parameters to produce an optimal image, namely by applying Magnetization Transfer Contrast (MTC). Purpose: To compare the quality of image results on lumbar MRI examination of the sagittal T2 qTSE sequence in the case of Degenerative Disc Disease with and without MTC activation. Method: This research was conducted at the dr. Soedono Madiun from August to September 2020. A sample of 16 patients who met the inclusion criteria was taken during the study. The GRAPPA and GRAPPA+MTC technique imagery results on each sample were assessed for the image quality quantitatively based on the SNR and CNR values. Result: Based on the SNR value, the GRAPPA technique and MTC activation have a higher mean than the GRAPPA technique alone. Likewise, with the CNR value, the GRAPPA technique and MTC activation have a higher average than the GRAPPA technique alone. Conclusion: The GRAPPA technique and MTC activation can be applied in Lumbar MRI examination with cases of Degenerative Disc Disease, especially in uncooperative patients.

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Orhan, K., C. Delilbasi, and CS Paksoy. "Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of mandibular condyle bone marrow and temporomandibular joint disc signal intensity in anaemia patients." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 38, no. 5 (July 2009): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/61024383.

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Burkhardt, Benedikt W., Andreas Simgen, Gudrun Wagenpfeil, Wolfgang Reith, and Joachim M. Oertel. "Adjacent Segment Degeneration After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With an Autologous Iliac Crest Graft: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of 59 Patients With a Mean Follow-up of 27 Years." Neurosurgery 82, no. 6 (May 30, 2017): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx304.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) is a widely accepted surgical technique for the treatment of degenerative disc disease. ACDF is associated with adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). OBJECTIVE To assess whether physiological aging of the spine would overcome ASD by comparing adjacent to adjoining segments more than 18 yr after ACDF. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging of 59 (36 male, 23 female) patients who underwent ACDF was performed to assess degeneration. The mean follow-up was 27 yr (18-45 yr). Besides measuring the disc height, a 5-step grading system (segmental degeneration index [SDI]) including disc signal intensity, anterior and posterior disc protrusion, narrowing of the disc space, and foraminal stenosis was used to assess the grade of adjacent and adjoining segments. RESULTS The SDI of cranial and caudal adjacent segments was significantly higher compared to adjoining segments (P < .001). The disc height of cranial and caudal adjacent segments was significantly lower compared to adjoining segments (P < .001, P < .01). The SDI of adjacent segments in patients with repeat cervical procedure was significantly higher than in patients without repeat procedure (P = .02, P = .01). The disc height of the cranial adjacent segments in patients with repeat procedure was significantly lower than in patients without repeat procedure (P = .01). CONCLUSION The physiological aging of the cervical spine does not overcome ASD. The disc height and the SDI in adjacent segment are significantly worse compared to adjoining segments. Patients who underwent repeat procedure had even worse findings of disc height and SDI.

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Willems, Nicole, Roel Kersten, Steven van Gaalen, F. Öner, Gustav Strijkers, Stefanie Veraa, Martijn Beukers, Marianna Tryfonidou, and Björn Meij. "Temporary Segmental Distraction in a Dog with Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 31, no. 04 (June 2, 2018): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1639599.

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Objectives Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) is characterized by intervertebral disc degeneration and causes lower back pain in dogs. Temporary distraction in rabbit models with induced intervertebral disc degeneration showed signs of intervertebral disc repair. In the present study, we assessed safety and efficacy of temporary segmental distraction in a dog with clinical signs of DLSS. Methods Distraction of the lumbosacral junction by pedicle screw–rod fixation was applied in a 5-year-old Greyhound with DLSS and evaluated by radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and force plate analysis before and after distraction. Results Safe distraction of the lumbosacral junction was demonstrated, with improvement of clinical signs after removal of the distraction device. Signal intensity of the intervertebral disc showed no changes over time. T2 value was highest directly after removal of the distraction device but decreased by 10% of the preoperative value at 9 months of follow-up. Disc height decreased (8%) immediately after removal of the distraction device, but recovered to the initial value. A decrease in the pelvic/thoracic propulsive force during pedicle screw–rod fixation and distraction was demonstrated, which slowly increased by 4% compared with the initial value. Clinical significance Temporary pedicle screw–rod fixation in combination with distraction in a dog with DLSS was safe, improved clinical signs and retained disc height at 9 months of follow-up.

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Song, Sung Kyu, Jong-Myung Jung, Woo Kyung Kim, Sang Gu Lee, Yong Ahn, Seong Son, and Byung Rhae Yoo. "Acute Paraplegia Due to Nucleus Herniation of a Mobi-C Implant without Trauma: Case Report of a Rare Complication." Nerve 7, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21129/nerve.2021.7.2.99.

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Cervical artificial discs (CADs) are a surgical option in selected patients with cervical spinal disc degeneration. Although CADs have been available for many years, concerns persist regarding long-term safety, durability, and implant-related failure. We report a case of nucleus herniation of a Mobi-C implant without trauma, which is a rare complication. Two years after implantation of a Mobi-C implant, a 47-year-old man presented with acute paraplegia without a history of trauma. On cervical magnetic resonance imaging, a T2-high signal intensity lesion was noted in the ventral aspect of the spinal cord at the T1-2 level. During emergent surgery, nucleus herniation of the Mobi-C was detected. After surgery, the patient could walk without assistance. Posterior herniation of the Mobi-C nucleus without trauma is a rare complication that should be considered in surgical planning and follow-up.

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Chiba, M., M. Kumagai, and S. Echigo. "Association between high signal intensity in the posterior disc attachment seen onT2weighted fat-suppressed images and temporomandibular joint pain." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 36, no. 4 (May 2007): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/86899638.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Disc signal intensity'

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