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1
Assens, Nathalie 1979. "Risk management and disaster relief operations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8035.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-86).
During 2002, some 11,000 people throughout the world were killed in natural catastrophes and man-made disasters were responsible for 10,000 fatalities worldwide; flood claimed the most victims with more than a third of the fatalities caused by natural disasters. Indeed, people will always face natural disasters, but it seems that disasters nowadays are frequently generated by or aggravated by human activities. The poverty as well as the increase of the density of the population is making the world more and more vulnerable since more people are living in riskier situations. The number of people at risk is growing every year and most of this population is located in developing countries where resources are limited. The purpose of this study is to identify the different types of risk and risk management in order to increase the participation of the private sector in disaster relief operations. This could generate the incentive for a collaborative work in an effective and efficient manner despite the number of agencies involved in disaster relief and fund raising in the corporate world. After providing an overview of the risk management concepts, this thesis will focus on assessing risks and ways to mitigate them before presenting risk transfer. Finally, there will be an emphasis on the importance and the role of Information Technology in Disaster Risk Management activities.
by Nathalie Assens.
S.M.
2
Liu, Mingli. "Supply Chain Management in Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31572.
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Humanitarian aid and disaster relief are delivered in times of crises or natural disasters, such as after a conflict or in response to a hurricane, typhoon, or tsunami. Different from regular aid programs, aid and relief are provided to deal with emergency and immediate local areas, and to shelter affected people and refugees impacted by sudden traumatic events. There is evidence that natural and man-made disasters are increasing in numbers all around the world, affecting hundreds of millions of people every year. In spite of this fact, only in recent years – beginning in 2005 – has management of the supply chain of resources and materials for humanitarian aid and disaster relief been a topic of interest for researchers. Consequently, the academic literature in this field is comparatively new and still sparse, indicating a requirement for more academic studies. As a key part of the C-Change International Community-University Research Alliance (ICURA) project for managing adaptation to environmental change in coastal communities of Canada and the Caribbean, this thesis develops a framework and analytical model for domestic supply chain management in humanitarian aid and disaster relief in the event of severe storm and flooding in the Canadian C-Change community of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. In particular, the focus includes quantitative modeling of two specific aspects during the preparedness phase for emergency management: (1) inventory prepositioning and (2) transportation planning. In addition, this thesis proposes and analyses the characteristics of an effective supply chain management framework in practice to assist Canadian coastal communities in improving their preparation and performance in disaster relief efforts. The results indicate Charlottetown system effectiveness and decreased time to assist affected people are improved by distributing central emergency supply among more than one base station.
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Richter, Amber Rae. "Dynamic Facility Relocation and Inventory Management for Disaster Relief." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10150786.
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Disasters strike suddenly and cause destruction which disrupts the availability of basic survival supplies for people living in affected areas. The efficiency of humanitarian organizations in providing relief has a direct and crucial impact on the survival, health, and recovery of affected people and their communities. To better prepare to respond to disasters, many relief organizations use supply pre-positioning. However, the real and potential needs of different locations change over time and when an organization uses traditional warehouse pre-positioning, relief operations are limited by set inventory locations that are difficult to alter. For this reason, a well known organization recently considered including a large supply holding ship in its operations. By holding inventory on a ship, the organization would be able to dynamically relocate its inventory over time in response to changing relief supply demand forecasts.
To our knowledge, the research contained herein is the first to examine dynamic inventory relocation for responding to disasters over time. Specifically, we examine how to optimally relocate and manage inventory for a single mobile inventory to serve stochastic demand at a number of potential disaster sites over time. While we keep in mind the motivating example of a supply holding ship in the disaster relief setting throughout this dissertation, the model and most of the results are applicable to any type of mobile inventory, facility, or server in any setting.
We first examine the dynamic relocation problem. We model the problem using dynamic programming and develop analytical and numerical results regarding optimal relocation policies, the optimal path and speed of relocation decisions, and the value of inventory mobility over traditional warehouse pre-positioning. To help overcome the computational complexity of the problem, we develop a heuristic which solves relatively large problem instances in our numerical experiments within 0.5% of optimality in less than 0.1% of the time required by an exact algorithm.
As it is suboptimal to consider relocation decisions and inventory management decisions separately, we also examine the joint dynamic relocation and inventory management problem. To our knowledge, we are the first to examine the dynamic relocation and inventory management problem with stochastic demand. Similarly to the dynamic relocation problem, we model this problem using dynamic programming. We develop a number of analytical results characterizing the optimal relocation and inventory management policies.
As the first to examine these problems, we hope this research serves as a catalyst for other research in this area; accordingly, we conclude this dissertation by discussing a number of areas for future research.
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Toyasaki, Fuminori, Fichtinger Emel Arikan, Lena Silbermayr, and Sigala Ioanna Falagara. "Disaster relief inventory management: horizontal cooperation between humanitarian organizations." Wiley, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/poms.12661.
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Cooperation among humanitarian organizations has attracted increasing attention to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of relief supply chains. Our research focuses on horizontal cooperation in inventory management which is currently implemented in the United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot (UNHRD) network. The present work follows a two-step research approach, which involves collection of empirical data and quantitative modeling to examine and overcome the coordination challenges of the network. Our interviews with members of the network identified several managerial issues for sustainable cooperative inventory management that the UNHRD network pursues. Using a newsvendor model in the context of non-cooperative game theory, our research has explored member humanitarian organizations' incentive of joining the network, a coordination mechanism which achieves system optimality, and impacts of members' decisions about stock rationing. Our results indicate that behaviors of member HOs do not necessarily align with the UNHRD's expectation. Our results suggest that for system optimality, a system coordinator should carefully assess the circumstances, including demand coefficient and stock rationing. Our research also proposes a policy priority for the first-best system optimal inventory management.
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Williams, Jewel E. "Court officers as certified first responders assisting in homeland security and community emergency preparedness." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FWilliams%5FJewel.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security (Homeland Defense and Security))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): David Brannan. Includes bibliographical references (p.75-77). Also available online.
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Zhang, Junqi, and 张筠祺. "Public-private-people-partnership (4P) for disaster preparedness, mitigation and post-disaster reconstruction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49618040.
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Post-disaster reconstruction, critical in restoring the affected community, provides new opportunities to redevelop the disaster affected region for economic growth, future vulnerability reduction and sustainable development as well. However, previous studies reveal that these opportunities have not been fully exploited. Many reconstruction projects have performed poorly due to various political, administrational, social, and policy/regulation-related reasons.
To address the spotlighted gaps in post-disaster reconstruction, Public-Private-People Partnership (4P) is proposed and developed to procure more sustainable public infrastructure and to improve the overall performance of disaster management (DM) through integrating preparedness and mitigation into reconstruction processes. Public- Private Partnerships (PPP), which have demonstrated superior performance compared to the traditional approach in many infrastructure projects, are the practical and theoretical foundation of the proposed 4P. The integrated 4th P-‘people’ refers to major stakeholders who play critical roles in reconstruction, namely Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), local communities, academia, professional groups and media.
A 4P framework, comprising of a procurement framework and a partnership framework, was developed based on the consolidated findings from a literature review and empirical data. The procurement framework provides a three-stage procurement process to deliver a typical 4P project, including planning for post-disaster reconstruction procurement, establishing framework agreement and 4P delivery. Through pre-disaster arrangements formally linking potential participants in advance, it enables targeted 4Ps to mobilize faster, while being more efficient and sustainable. The partnership framework provides the corner-stone of establishing sustainable and successful relationships among multiple participants, to ensure smooth execution of 4P projects. Developed on significant findings from previous research on partnerships/relationship management in the construction industry, it describes the partnership structure, role of each major participant and institutional and relational strategies to improve the partnership/relationship.
A comprehensive research design enabled collection of the data required to achieve each objective of this research project. The first-round semi-structured interviews were conducted to mainly investigate the feasibility of applying PPP in reconstruction and integrating ‘people’ into PPP, so as to narrow down the potential scope of the proposed 4P. Findings from the first-round interviews, current practice and pitfalls in the DM cycle especially in reconstruction were examined in the subsequent two parallel sets of questionnaire surveys targeting DM and PPP professionals. The results derived from 14 first-round interviews and 81 responses received in the questionnaires clearly suggest that 4P has great potential to deliver better performance in reconstruction projects of certain types. Nine second-round interviews helped to test and improve the established preliminary 4P framework. In addition, to further probe into the role of ‘people’, case studies of ‘Project Mingde’, which comprises of three construction projects including a Sichuan reconstruction project, were implemented. The proposed 4P framework, developed based on the above research, was validated through a focus group meeting.
It is concluded that the 4P approach could help realize better performance and sustainable redevelopment in appropriate reconstruction scenarios, as well as contribute to improving the overall DM. The 4P framework also provides a basic methodology and conceptual foundation to procure 4P projects in industry with pointers for future development in academic research.published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Borkosheva, Nazgul. "Local Nonprofit and Government Organization Conceptualizations of Disaster Response Effectiveness." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27199.
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This study attempted to explore how nonprofit and government organizations conceptualize disaster response effectiveness using an internet survey. Unfortunately, the data collected through this method was insufficient for meaningful data analysis, and, therefore this study was unable to generate significant findings with respect to its research question. Thus, rather than focusing on a presentation of results from data collection and interpreting the significance of those results, this thesis focuses on justification of the need for research on this topic, review of the literature that suggests it is likely that nonprofits and government perceive disaster response effectiveness differently, recounting of the initial data collection efforts undertaken and the problems encountered, offering of hypotheses for future testing based on analysis of the flawed data, and recommendation of an alternate data collection method that should be used in the future.
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McEntire, Lili. "Reducing the Trauma: Alternative Dispute Resolution in Disaster Relief Efforts." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20530.
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Title: Reducing the Trauma: Alternative Dispute Resolution in Disaster Relief Efforts
Despite careful planning and preparation, natural disasters leave behind destruction and trauma in their wake. The Federal Government established the National Response Framework as a resource to help communities prepare for, recover from, and respond to these situations. Conflicts arise as a direct result of disasters as well as an indirect consequence. Using Galveston, TX as a case study because of its repeated experience with recovery from hurricanes, qualitative interviews were conducted to explore what is being done to help with conflicts that cause additional trauma. Alternative dispute resolution skills such as conflict styles, active listening, and reframing and summarizing are explored as a means of reducing the traumas amplified by conflicts that are revealed during a disaster.
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Petäjävaara, Ida. "Sustainability and Health in Disaster Waste Management." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-20231.
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In order to see if, and how, future aid efforts can be improved and better contribute to a more sustainable and resilient society this essay is about how management of solid waste generated in emergency situations work and what effects the waste have on public health. This is investigated using information collected from secondary sources and interviews with three persons who have knowledge and experience in the subject. Health and sustainability are of importance in the guidelines that deal with management of waste in disaster situations. However, there are no documentations of real experiences of disaster waste impacts on human health. Even so the waste might contaminate drinking water and increase the amount of disease-carrying vectors in the area. Previous conditions in the country, low priority of waste and information to the public are some of the main features preventing optimal function of a sustainable and healthy waste management.För att se om och hur framtida biståndsinsatser kan förbättras och i större utsträckning bidra till ett mer hållbart och motståndskraftigt samhälle handlar denna uppsats om hur hanteringen av katastrofavfall fungerar och vilka effekter detta avfall har på människors hälsa. Detta undersöks med hjälp av information som samlats in från sekundärkällor samt intervjuer med tre personer som har kunskap och erfarenhet i ämnet. Hälsa och hållbarhet är av betydelse i de riktlinjer som behandlar hantering av avfall i katastrofsituationer. Trots att inga verkliga erfarenheter av katastrofavfalls effekter på människors hälsa finns dokumenterade kan avfallet förorena dricksvatten och öka mängden smittspridande vektorer i området. Tidigare förhållanden i området, låg prioritet av avfall och dålig information till allmänheten är några av de viktigaste funktionerna som förhindrar optimal funktion av en hållbar och sund avfallshantering.
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Fried, Laura Grace 1974. "Beyond developmental relief : disaster management and the case of the Philippine National Red Cross." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66379.
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Eudy, Eileen. "A Use-Case Model for a Knowledge Management System to Facilitate Disaster Relief Operations." NSUWorks, 2004. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/509.
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There are numerous disaster relief agencies poised to respond to disasters; however, coordinating the activities of these diverse and dispersed entities and capitalizing on their knowledge assets can be a challenge. All of these agencies are dedicated to serving survivors of disasters, but they at times lack the coordination necessary to respond efficiently. The Virginia Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (VOAD) is an umbrella organization of existing agencies dedicated to working closely with other organizations to improve service and minimize duplication during disaster operations. To better cope with disasters, the Virginia VOAD needs to develop knowledge management strategies to coordinate its resources. The goal of this study was to design a use-case model of a web-based knowledge management system to support state and local level disaster recovery planning and operations in the aftermath of a disaster. The focus of this study was to support the disaster field office (DFO) operations. The use-case methodology outlined in the Rational Unified Process and supported by the Unified Modeling Language notation provided the means of systematically discovering and documenting system requirements. The resulting model provides a framework for a knowledge management system that has been adapted to the disaster recovery domain. Evaluation and validation of the model has shown this to be a viable concept. It is anticipated that this model could serve as the basis for developing a prototype knowledge management system that may also be adapted to similar state and local VOAD chapters around the country.
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Cato, Denys, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "An examination of the 'all hazards' approach to disaster management as applied to field disaster management and pre-hospital care in Australia." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051017.140738.
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Disasters, emergencies, incidents, and major incidents - they all come back to the same thing regardless of what they are called. The common denominator is that there is loss of life, injury to people and animals and damage and destruction of property.
The management of such events relies on four phases:
1. Prevention
2. Preparation
3. Response
4. Recovery
Each of these phases is managed in a different way and often by different teams. Here, concentration has been given to phases 2 and 3, with particular emphasis on phase 3, Response.
The words used to describe such events are often related to legislation. The terminology is detailed later. However, whatever the description, whenever prevention is not possible, or fails, then the need is to respond. Response is always better when the responders are prepared. Training is a major part of response preparation and this book is designed to assist those in the health industry who need to be ready when something happens. One of the training packages for responders is the Major Incident Medical Management and Support (MIMMS) Course and this work was designed to supplement the manual prepared by Hodgetts and Macway-Jones(87) in the UK.
Included is what the health services responder, who may be sent to an event in which the main concern is trauma, should know. Concentration is on the initial response and does not deal in any detail with hospital reaction, the public health aspects, or the mental health support that provides psychological help to victims and responders, and which are also essential parts of disaster management.
People, in times of disaster, have always been quick to offer assistance. It is now well recognised however, that the 'enthusiastic amateur', whilst being a well meaning volunteer, isn't always what is needed. All too often such people have made things worse and have sometimes ended up as victims themselves. There is a place now for volunteers and there probably always will be. The big difference is that these people must be well informed, well trained and well practiced if they are to be effective.
Fortunately such people and organisations do exist. Without the work of the St John Ambulance, the State Emergency Service, the Rural Fire Service the Red Cross and the Volunteer Rescue Association, to mention only a few, our response to disasters would be far less effective.
There is a strong history of individuals being available to help the community in times of crisis. Mostly these people were volunteers but there has also always been the need for a core of professional support. In the recent past,
professional support mechanisms have been developed from lessons learned, particularly to situations that need a rapid and well organised response.
As lessons are learned from an analysis of events, philosophy and methods have changed. Our present system is not perfect and perhaps never will be. The need for an 'all-hazards approach' makes detailed planning very difficult and so there will probably always be criticisms about the way an event was handled. Hindsight is a wonderful thing, provided we learn from it. That means that this text is certainly not the 'last word' and revisions as we learn from experience will be inevitable.
Because the author works primarily in New South Wales, many of the explanations and examples are specific to that state. In Australia disaster response is a State, rather than a Commonwealth, responsibility and consequently, and inevitably, there are differences in management between the states and territories within Australia. With the influence of Emergency Management Australia, these differences are being reduced. This means that across state and territory boundaries, assistance is common and interstate teams can be deployed and assimilated into the response rapidly, safely, effectively and with minimum explanation. This text sets out to increase the understanding of what is required, what is in place and how the processes of response are managed.
By way of introduction and background, examples are given of those situations that have occurred, or could happen.
Man Made Disasters has been divided into two distinct sections. Those which are related to structures or transport and those related directly to people. The first section, Chapter 3, includes:
Transport accidents involving land, rail, sea or air vehicles.
Collapse of buildings for reasons other than earthquakes or storms.
Industrial accidents, including the release of hazardous substances and nuclear events.
A second section dealing with the consequences of the direct actions of people is separated as Chapter 4, entitled 'People Disasters'. Included are:
Crowd incidents involving sports and entertainment venues.
Terrorism
From Chapter 4 on, the emphasis is on the Response phase and deals with organisation and response techniques in detail.
Finally there is a section on terminology and abbreviations. An appendix details a typical disaster pack content.
War, the greatest of all man made disasters is not considered in this text.
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Rahman, Md Mokhlesur. "Assessing natural disaster preparedness and climate change mitigation strategies in the coastal areas of Bangladesh." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195113.
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Global climate is changing continuously as a result of industrial revolution and rapid urbanisation in many countries of the world which has significant impacts on environment, socio-economic condition, physical and biological issues. Increase of global temperature, rainfall changes, sea level rise, occurrences of extreme weather events such as floods, cyclones, typhoons, droughts etc. are the major and direct consequences of climate change in the world (Pulhin et al., 2010, & Shaw et al., 2010). There are also many other indirect consequences of climate change such as increasing poverty, food production reduction, health nuisance, ecological imbalance, environmental degradation etc. which have adverse impacts on the society and people (Shaw et al., 2010). Considering these acute problems, people of the world are acting collectively to combat with the consequences of climate change. As for example, establishment of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), undertaking various global agreements and protocols, formulation of policies, plans etc. on climate change and disaster management are the reactions of global people to deal with climate change and climate induced natural disasters.
Bangladesh is a low-laying riverine disaster prone and densely populated country with high rate of population growth. Every year she is facing various climate induced natural disasters. In addition, climate change aggravates the consequences of natural disasters and thus, Bangladesh is recognised as one of the most vulnerable countries in the world. The worst situation is facing by the people of coastal areas due to their limited access to endowed resources, high risks and vulnerabilities to climate change and disasters (ERD, 2008; Ali, 1999; & Thomolla et al.). But, the coastal areas are endowed with various resources such as mineral resources, fisheries, forestry, ports and tourism facilities etc. Over exploitation, climate change and disasters are destroying these natural resources, degrading environment and making people vulnerable to disastrous situations. Low economic development, extreme poverty, geographic location and climate make the country vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters. Moreover, Bangladesh is facing various challenges related to climate change mitigation and disaster risk reduction due to poor socio-economic condition, lack of integration, lack of incorporation of emergency plan in development activities, inefficient institutional frameworks, limited access to information, lack of scientific assessment method and tool, limited access to natural resources, no curriculum on natural hazards, funding/financial constraints (Pulhin et al., 2010). This research has been undertaken to evaluate readiness of the people to climate change adaptation and disasters risk reduction in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. The main objectives of this research are to investigate livelihoods condition of the people to tackle impacts of climate change and natural disasters, assess resilience of the community/people to climate change and natural disasters, evaluate existing institutional frameworks, policies, plans and strategies and formulate climate change adaptation strategies by reviewing strategies from international best practices.
The main methods of conducting this study were desktop research; data collection through questionnaire survey and key informants interview; Data input in SPSS and Excel, processing and analysis; institutional frameworks, policies, programmes and strategies evaluation. A preliminary literature review was carried out to enrich theoretical background and understand the possible impacts of climate change and natural disasters, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and to formulate study goals and objectives. A comprehensive literature review was conducted and based on the literature review a conceptual framework of the study was developed. Socio-economic conditions such as population increase, GDP growth rate, literacy rate etc. and environmental condition such as GHGs emission, sea level rise, temperature increase etc. have been analysed to know climate change and disaster preparedness conditions of the people and severity of the impacts in Bangladesh. Impacts of climate change and disasters such as major disasters, population and GDP exposed to disasters, inundation risk, damages and losses etc. have been mentioned to comprehend the severity of the situations. Secondary data for this study was collected from different sources such as previous studies, census data, ministries and departments, World Bank, UN agencies etc. and performed the analysis. To know real world scenario a study area was selected and data related to socio-economic condition, status of preparedness of the people etc. were collected through household questionnaire survey, checklist, key informant interview, expert opinions. Data collected from questionnaire survey were analysed by SPSS and MS Excel. Based on the data collected from field survey disaster preparedness and resilience of the people to climate change and disasters have been evaluated and after evaluation it is found that people’s disaster preparedness and resilience to climate change and disasters are average or below average.
Besides that, institutional frameworks and various policies, plans, strategies, programmes for disaster management, climate change mitigation and adaptation have been evaluated. Many countries of the world have recognised that regulatory and institutional frameworks of climate change and disaster management in Bangladesh is comprehensive and appropriate, and they have also enhanced disaster management capacity of the country. Related data and documents have been collected from various secondary sources and evaluated by qualitative analysis method. Policies, plans, strategies and programmes (i.e. National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM) 2010-2015; National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA)-2005; Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP)-2008 and Coastal Development Strategy (CDS)-2006) have been evaluated based on five evaluation criteria such as relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impacts and sustainability set by Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to know their effectiveness to achieve their ultimate goals and objectives. Analysis of the institutional framework and policies, plans, programmes showed that they are comprehensive and able to achieve targeted goals and objectives. But, lack of proper integration and coordination, shortage of resources, lack of transparency and accountability are creating problems to achieve the desired outcomes.
Based on drawbacks found from the analysis, recommendations on socio-economic development, coastal resources and environmental protection, developing disaster preparedness, climate change adaptation strategies and institutional regulatory framework have been provided to improve disaster preparedness and resilience of the people. After implementation of these recommendations in the study area or other parts of the country the following outcomes such as better livelihood, food security, balanced ecosystem, environmental protection, improved disaster preparedness, climate change mitigation and disaster risk reduction will be achieved.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
14
Wolf, Eric S. "Using agent-based distillations to explore logistics support to urban, humanitarian assistance/disaster relief operations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FWolf.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Susan M. Sanchez, Niki Goerger, Lloyd Brown. Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-143). Also available online.
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Costur, Gurkan. "Sharing Information among various organizations in relief efforts." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FCostur.pdf.
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Ruiz-Brand, Francisco Javier. "A decision support tool for accepting or rejecting donations in humanitarian relief organizations." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000457.
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McCabe, John Michael Arnold Christopher J. "Parameters to facilitate the creation of initial response capsules for survivors of prodigious disasters." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1299.
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Urby, Heriberto Jr. "Perceptions of Disaster Professionalism in Mexico: Adding a New Public Management Perspective to Emergency Management." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31551/.
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This study investigated the perceptions of emergency managers regarding the degree of emergency management professionalism in Mexico and how it can be improved. The disaster of the Mexico City earthquake of 1985 was used as the starting point for this case study, as the prospects for more-frequent and more-intense disasters lend credence to the need for improved professionalism and, thus, effectiveness among emergency managers in the future. An expansive framework of emergency management professionalism mechanisms (or characteristics) and an additional compilation of new public management components (or values) were devised from the extant literatures found within the respective emergency management and public administration fields. The theory advanced by this study is that by integrating new public management components with emergency management mechanisms, professionalism in Mexico will improve and, thus, emergency managers will become more effective. ualitative field research was the methodology employed and it included interviews with 35 emergency managers in Mexico in corroboration with documentary evidence, to ascertain emergency managers' perceptions of professionalism in Mexico. The findings of this study determined that emergency managers in Mexico are implementing many of the mechanisms of professionalism but fewer new public management components. This study posits that by integrating new public management components with emergency management professionalism mechanisms, professionalism in Mexico will improve and will increase emergency managers' effectiveness.
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Aswalap, Supaluk Joy O'Connor Brian C. "Tsunami disaster response a case analysis of the information society in Thailand /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12075.
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Awan, Ziyad, and Ziaur Rahman. "Supply chain designs for Humanitarian Relief." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12719.
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Due to the unpredictable nature of sudden onset disasters the humans are often caught with surprise so are the humanitarian relief organizations. In order to quickly react to the emergencies, supply chain networks are built instantly by the actors of the relief management. Parallel to this process, need assessment is started with the help of local experts which also confirm that the response cannot be lingered on due a delay in need assessment. After wards the supply chain structure needs to be changed once the right information is gathered by the passage of time. This is not all, actually the situation of the disaster prone area and people also changes by that time which always brings a challenging scenario for humanitarian relief actors to develop the supply chain design with flexibility.Primary focus of this paper is to define right supply chain designs for disaster response and post disaster phases in humanitarian relief.
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Bloom, Paula S. "Citizen preparedness campaign information campaigns increasing citizen preparedness to support creating a 'Cuture of Preparedness' /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FBloom.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): David Tucker. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-125). Also available in print.
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Garber, Nikola Marie. "Natural disasters in international affairs formulating reconstruction planning in NOAA /." [Hattiesburg, MS : The University of Southern Mississippi], 2004. http://www.usm.edu/international/files/Garber-FullDissertation.pdf.
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Walker, John Andrew. "Implementing an integrated multijurisdictional emergency management system: a case study at the Savannah River Plant." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94493.
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The combination of modern, technological hazards and overlapping government jurisdictions requires coordinated, multijurisdictional emergency management. The Three Mile Island incident clearly demonstrated the impact of technical hazards and the importance of intergovernmental cooperation. A method is required to understand intergovernmental considerations in emergency management. This thesis derives such a method by proposing a three component model.
The first component considers that all intergovernmental relationships are dynamic. Efforts to describe intergovernmental systems in terms of fixed relationships are not accurate. Rather intergovernmental systems are better described by the concept of movement along a scale between relationships that are separate and distinct and relationships that overlap and are interdependent. Relationships change along the scale depending on the strength of case-specific influencing variables.
Identification and use of windows of opportunity describes the second component of the model. Institutional opportunists in favor of cooperative, intergovernmental programs must be able to identify and act when opportunities exist. Understanding this second component improves the chances of implementing lasting, cooperative intergovernmental results.
The final component of the model emphasizes that by taking advantage of system change at the optimal time, linkages can be established between multiple jurisdictions. In multi-jurisdictional emergency management these linkages are made by integrating emergency plans and procedures.
Applying the model by utilizing a case study in multijurisdictional emergency management completes this thesis. The case study documented is an intergovernmental cooperative planning effort between the Department of Energys Savannah River Operations Office and the states of South Carolina and Georgia.M.A.
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Templeton, Douglas R. "Assessing the utility of work team theory in a unified command environment at catastrophic incidents." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5F.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Maria Rasmussen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-88). Also available online.
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Magrabi, Ammar Mohammed. "Building responsive capability for disaster managemen. An empirical study of the Saudi Civil Defence Authority." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5446.
Full textAbstract:
Disasters are always local in their impact, and therefore approaches towards their
alleviation need to be designed and implemented based on this certainty. Since the
1960s there has been a constant evolution in the common understanding of
international disaster management. Various measures and structures were created to
plan for emergency relief and the management of a disastrous event. Despite
international efforts which aimed to reduce the impact of natural and anthropogenic
hazards on humankind, very little progress was made. Loss of life, property,
infrastructure and economic livelihoods are on the increase without any indication of
improvement. Developmental activities can in most instances be blamed for the high
level of disaster risk present in communities. On the other hand, very little has been
done in the international arena (through a multi-disciplinary approach) to ensure a
developmental focus on disaster risk. This study investigates the current state of
disaster management practices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) by
benchmarking its activities against established frameworks applied in the developed
world for disaster management.
The aim of this thesis was primarily to provide a comprehensive framework for
disaster risk management in KSA. Such a framework will serve as a guideline for all
spheres of government on a strategic level in order to implement disaster risk
management.
Conclusions to the research demonstrate the importance of linking government
policy and practice on disaster risk management across different stakeholders
involved in managing disaster risk. This study proposed an integrated model for
disaster management by introducing the dual paradigm of disaster management
(proactive mindset and reactive mindset).
In a nutshell, this thesis aimed to develop a comprehensive multi-disciplinary
disaster risk management framework that would be tailor-made for the strategic
management arena in Saudi Arabia¿s Ministry of Interior (Directorate of Civil
Defence). The research provides the reader with a background study on the
international development of the concept of disaster risk management and its
components. It focuses on disaster risk management within the Saudi Arabian
context. Four international disaster risk management frameworks are analytically
compared and aligned with international best practices. Subsequently, the proposed
Framework for Disaster in Saudi Arabia is analysed.
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Buwa, Mbulelo M. "Public-private partnerships in disaster management: A case-study of the city of cape town." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4029.
Full textAbstract:
Masters in Public Administration - MPAGreater capacity for cities to be disaster resilient is needed. Public-private partnership enhances municipal capacity. This study therefore, interrogates the relationship between the City of Cape Town and its disaster relief partners. It is mainly concerned with policy implementation, and as such, investigates disaster management policy implementation in relation to public-private partnerships. The objectivesof the study were to provide a conceptual framework that defines the terms eminent in the practice and study of disaster management, particularly those that characterize public-private partnerships in the City of Cape Town; to explore the legislative mandate that makes provisions for disaster management and the funding of public-private partnerships in municipalities; to document the current practice of public-private partnerships in the City of Cape Town; to highlight noted challenges in the partnership and where necessary, recommend alternative policy implementation options for enhanced partnership sustainable capacity for disaster relief. The researcher deemed it expedient to utilize the qualitative method for the purposes of the adeptness it affords in expediting malleable, arduous investigation in engaging with the phenomena that “unfold[s] in real-world situations.” As far as the findings of this study are concerned, the public-private partnership of the City of Cape Town with its disaster relief partners is a successful one. It is effective in bringing the much needed awareness and relief to devastated communities. There are four main challenges that impact on this disaster relief partnership have been realized by this study. These namely are the delays in the reimbursement process, the constant change of government personnel dealing with relief partners, absence of a disaster relief official on the sites of distress and unsubsidized expenses incurred by the relief partners. Having realized these challenges, the study makes policy implementation recommendations.
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Sadiq, Abdul-Akeem Ademola. "Mitigating and Preparing for Disasters: A Survey of Memphis Organizations." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28187.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Dr. William L. Waugh; Committee Member: Dr. Ronald G. Cummings; Committee Member: Dr. Douglas S. Noonan; Committee Member: Dr. Robert B. Olshansky; Committee Member: Dr. Christopher M. Weible
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Gichomo, Gladys N. "Improving Disaster Preparedness and Planning for Chronic Disease Populations." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7648.
Full textAbstract:
The significant rise of both chronic diseases and disasters in the last 20 years and the healthcare outcomes of individuals with chronic diseases during and in the aftermath of disasters have raised concerns among public health practitioners, healthcare providers, the U.S government, and the general public. Researchers have indicated that during disasters, the health outcomes of individuals with chronic diseases are significantly unfavorable compared to the general public. However, there is inadequate information on the management of chronic diseases, quality of care, and resource identification and allocation by disaster responders. This qualitative, grounded theory study, explored how the study participants addressed chronic disease needs during and after disasters. A total of 15 adult disaster relief responders who had been involved in disaster planning, response, or care management of individuals with chronic diseases, were recruited through snowballing, public/bulleting postings, and social media. Using the ecological model of disaster management allowed the identification of individual and societal influences that hinder disaster preparedness and chronic disease management. Data collection consisted of semistructured in-depth open-ended interview questions, allowing participants to share their lived experiences. Data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding and managed using the Atlas ti8 software. The findings supported the ecological model of disaster management and strategies such as the use of special needs shelters during impending disasters. Such strategies could enhance disaster preparedness and planning efforts and potentially improve health outcomes during and after disasters.
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Magrabi, Ammar Mohammed. "Building responsive capability for disaster management : an empirical study of the Saudi Civil Defence Authority." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5446.
Full textAbstract:
Disasters are always local in their impact, and therefore approaches towards their alleviation need to be designed and implemented based on this certainty. Since the 1960s there has been a constant evolution in the common understanding of international disaster management. Various measures and structures were created to plan for emergency relief and the management of a disastrous event. Despite international efforts which aimed to reduce the impact of natural and anthropogenic hazards on humankind, very little progress was made. Loss of life, property, infrastructure and economic livelihoods are on the increase without any indication of improvement. Developmental activities can in most instances be blamed for the high level of disaster risk present in communities. On the other hand, very little has been done in the international arena (through a multi-disciplinary approach) to ensure a developmental focus on disaster risk. This study investigates the current state of disaster management practices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) by benchmarking its activities against established frameworks applied in the developed world for disaster management. The aim of this thesis was primarily to provide a comprehensive framework for disaster risk management in KSA. Such a framework will serve as a guideline for all spheres of government on a strategic level in order to implement disaster risk management. Conclusions to the research demonstrate the importance of linking government policy and practice on disaster risk management across different stakeholders involved in managing disaster risk. This study proposed an integrated model for disaster management by introducing the dual paradigm of disaster management (proactive mindset and reactive mindset). In a nutshell, this thesis aimed to develop a comprehensive multi-disciplinary disaster risk management framework that would be tailor-made for the strategic management arena in Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Interior (Directorate of Civil Defence). The research provides the reader with a background study on the international development of the concept of disaster risk management and its components. It focuses on disaster risk management within the Saudi Arabian context. Four international disaster risk management frameworks are analytically compared and aligned with international best practices. Subsequently, the proposed Framework for Disaster in Saudi Arabia is analysed.
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Lancaster, David D. "Developing a Fly-Away Kit (FLAK) to support Hastily Formed Networks (HFN) for Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HA/DR) /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FLancaster.pdf.
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Mma, Stephanie Weiya. "Formulation of a parametric systems design framework for disaster response planning." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42919.
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The occurrence of devastating natural disasters in the past several years have prompted communities, responding organizations, and governments to seek ways to improve disaster preparedness capabilities locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally. A holistic approach to design used in the aerospace and industrial engineering fields enables efficient allocation of resources through applied parametric changes within a particular design to improve performance metrics to selected standards. In this research, this methodology is applied to disaster preparedness, using a community's time to restoration after a disaster as the response metric.
A review of the responses from Hurricane Katrina and the 2010 Haiti earthquake, among other prominent disasters, provides observations leading to some current capability benchmarking. A need for holistic assessment and planning exists for communities but the current response planning infrastructure lacks a standardized framework and standardized assessment metrics.
Within the humanitarian logistics community, several different metrics exist, enabling quantification and measurement of a particular area's vulnerability. These metrics, combined with design and planning methodologies from related fields, such as engineering product design, military response planning, and business process redesign, provide insight and a framework from which to begin developing a methodology to enable holistic disaster response planning.
The developed methodology was applied to the communities of Shelby County, TN and pre-Hurricane-Katrina Orleans Parish, LA. Available literature and reliable media sources provide information about the different values of system parameters within the decomposition of the community aspects and also about relationships among the parameters.
The community was modeled as a system dynamics model and was tested in the implementation of two, five, and ten year improvement plans for Preparedness, Response, and Development capabilities, and combinations of these capabilities. For Shelby County and for Orleans Parish, the Response improvement plan reduced restoration time the most. For the combined capabilities, Shelby County experienced the greatest reduction in restoration time with the implementation of Development&Response capability improvements, and for Orleans Parish it was the Preparedness&Response capability improvements.
Optimization of restoration time with community parameters was tested by using a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Fifty different optimized restoration times were generated using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and ranked using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. The optimization results indicate that the greatest reduction in restoration time for a community is achieved with a particular combination of different parameter values instead of the maximization of each parameter.
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鍵屋, 一. "基礎自治体における防災・減災マネジメントの研究." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/198959.
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Gill, Glenda A. "Will a twenty-first century logistics management system improve Federal Emergency Management Agency's capability to deliver supplies to critical areas, during future catastrophic disaster relief operations?" Fort Leavenworth, KS : US Army Command and General Staff College, 2007. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA471327.
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Thesis (M. of Military Art and Science)--U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2007."A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Military Art and Science, General Studies." Title from cover page of PDF file (viewed: May 29, 2008).
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Helsing, Joseph. "Validation and Evaluation of Emergency Response Plans through Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157648/.
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Biological emergency response planning plays a critical role in protecting the public from possible devastating results of sudden disease outbreaks. These plans describe the distribution of medical countermeasures across a region using limited resources within a restricted time window. Thus, the ability to determine that such a plan will be feasible, i.e. successfully provide service to affected populations within the time limit, is crucial. Many of the current efforts to validate plans are in the form of live drills and training, but those may not test plan activation at the appropriate scale or with sufficient numbers of participants. Thus, this necessitates the use of computational resources to aid emergency managers and planners in developing and evaluating plans before they must be used. Current emergency response plan generation software packages such as RE-PLAN or RealOpt, provide rate-based validation analyses. However, these types of analysis may neglect details of real-world traffic dynamics. Therefore, this dissertation presents Validating Emergency Response Plan Execution Through Simulation (VERPETS), a novel, computational system for the agent-based simulation of biological emergency response plan activation. This system converts raw road network, population distribution, and emergency response plan data into a format suitable for simulation, and then performs these simulations using SUMO, or Simulations of Urban Mobility, to simulate realistic traffic dynamics. Additionally, high performance computing methodologies were utilized to decrease agent load on simulations and improve performance. Further strategies, such as use of agent scaling and a time limit on simulation execution, were also examined. Experimental results indicate that the time to plan completion, i.e. the time when all individuals of the population have received medication, determined by VERPETS aligned well with current alternate methodologies. It was determined that the dynamic of traffic congestion at the POD itself was one of the major factors affecting the completion time of the plan, and thus allowed for more rapid calculations of plan completion time. Thus, this system provides not only a novel methodology to validate emergency response plans, but also a validation of other current strategies of emergency response plan validation.
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Wachauf-Tautermann, Sebastian, and Stefanie Weichert. "Impact of External Situational Factors on the Agility of Humanitarian Supply Chains : A Case Study of Haiti Earthquake 2010." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26515.
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Background Developing, emerging and developed countries are vulnerable to disasters and might require external assistance to cope with their aftermaths. It is forecasted that disasters will increase five-fold over the next 50 years. In an environment, which is characterized by many uncertainties, humanitarian supply chains are created to provide disaster relief in a highly complex and dynamic setting. This environment is unique for every disaster, where infrastructure, government, physical, socio-economic and security situational factors can either facilitate or restrict humanitarian operations. Agile supply chain principles enable humanitarian organizations to quickly respond to disasters. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to explore and analyze the impact of external situational factors on the agility of humanitarian supply chains and humanitarian organizations’ actions taken to address those external situational factors during the immediate response phase of an emergency event. Methodology For the purpose of this study a combination of an inductive and deductive research approach was applied. The study was of exploratory and qualitative nature with a single case study in its focus. Empirical data was collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with nine respondents involved in the disaster relief operations of Haiti Earthquake 2010. Empirical findings were analyzed by using the template analysis. Conclusion External situational factors have a strong impact on capabilities enabling humanitarian supply chains to be agile during the immediate response phase. Humanitarian organizations are able to reduce the negative impact of external situational factors while in other cases the negative impact of external situational factors is further intensified by actions taken by humanitarian organizations. Furthermore, humanitarian organizations are able to utilize and enhance some of the positive impacts of external situational factors. However, the initially positive impact of some external situational factors may be reduced by inappropriate actions taken by humanitarian organizations. Therefore, understanding the context of the disaster’s broader environment is a prerequisite to an effective emergency response.
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Aswalap, Supaluk Joy. "Tsunami disaster response: A case analysis of the information society in Thailand." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12075/.
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The December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami wrecked thousands of lives, homes, and livelihoods - losses that could have been avoided with timely and better information. A resource such as information is needed at a fundamental level much like water, food, medicine, or shelter. This dissertation examines the development of the Thai information society, in terms of the share of information workforce and the level of diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT), as well as, the role of the Thai information society in response to the tsunami disaster. The study combined the historical and political economy analyses in explaining factors influencing the growth of information workforce and the development of ICT in Thailand. Interviews conducted in 2007-08 revealed the Thai information society responded to the 2004 Tsunami - the first global internet-mediated natural disaster - in two areas: on-site assistance in collecting and recording identification information of tsunami disaster victims and on-line dissemination of disaster relief information. The effectiveness of ICT institutions in providing the tsunami disaster relief efforts and increasing the development of the information society were assessed using statistical procedures analyzing the perceptions of the Internet-based survey respondents. The disaster effects on survey respondents were also assessed. The study's findings include: (1) the Thai information sector development pattern confirmed a key difference between development patterns of information sectors in developed and developing countries, (2) the increasing number of Thai information workers was due more to the expansion of government than the expansion in the manufacturing and service sectors during the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, (3) Thailand's expansion of ICT infrastructure was influenced not only on the basis of economic profitability but also by political desirability, and (4) volunteers were crucial in humanitarian aid and disaster relief.
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Källmark, Amanda. "Maternal health care in natural disasters : A study on the International Federation of the Red Cross’s maternal health care in flooding disaster relief." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-439538.
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This thesis aims to describe how the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) tends to maternal health care in floodings and whether it should be deemed sufficient. Floodings in Pakistan (2010), Bangladesh (2017) and Sudan (2013) are used as units of analysis when conducting a content analysis. The theoretical framework consists of critical success factors for disaster response based in the emergency management literature. A big part of the theoretical framework revolves around the importance of expertise and rationality in disaster response planning and implementation. The three floodings received relief efforts from IFRC which are presented in emergency appeal reports. Lists on essential maternal health care interventions in combination with the theoretical framework create analysis questions that are posed to the appeals. Results are presented in a table naming the prevalence of each intervention in each report. The findings show that maternal health care was seen to and deemed sufficient in only one of the three cases: Pakistan. The conclusion is that the discourse on maternal health care in natural disasters should be developed and that further research on the subject needs to be conducted.
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Gawaran, Edmond J. "Financial analysis of hastily-formed networks." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2585.
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One of the common lessons learned from the 11 September Terrorist Attacks in 2001, Southeast Asia Tsunami in 2004 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005, was there were major command and control (C2) and information challenges during the crisis response efforts. The Department of Defense (DoD) is currently transitioning to face these global threats of terrorism and natural disasters, as well as support the goals of the new National Strategy, by developing new plans and procedures to improve the coordination, communications and operations between DoD and other entities when responding simultaneously to such complex humanitarian disasters (CHD). In searching for a mobile and adoptable communication solution for military operations, the DoD should consider a C2 system that utilizes advanced commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technology. Hastilyformed networks (HFN) could provide a global broadband network node with internet, voice, video and data capability in a rapidly deployable manner, which offer significant advantages to military and other crisis response activities. The focus of this thesis concentrates on the financial aspects of HFNs in support of humanitarian assistance and/or disaster relief (HA/DR) efforts by U.S. armed forces. This research and analysis of HFNs could present prospective benefits to DoD, which include cost-savings, enhanced emergency response capabilities and improved interagency/international relations. Additionally, this study will provide a recommended model methodology and iterations for future military-use of HFNs in support of the DoD's vision of "transformation."
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Islam, Md Moinul. "In-kind donation practices, challenges and strategies for NGOs and donors." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50332.
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This thesis focuses on developing a comprehensive framework for understanding the challenges NGOs face with in-kind donations in disaster relief. The overwhelming problem of inappropriate material donations, often referred to as the second disaster, has plagued disaster relief operations for decades now in both domestic and international disaster response. Despite efforts to promote ``cash only'' giving in disaster relief, unsolicited and mostly inappropriate in-kind giving continues to challenge NGOs in every major disaster. Researchers have identified this as one of the most pressing yet understudied challenges in disaster relief to date.
This thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, we conduct a multidisciplinary literature review from philanthropy, economics, public policy, corporate philanthropy and corporate social responsibility to understand why donors donate in-kind and why NGOs accept those donations. We describe the roles of the various players involved and explain the structure of the distribution channels in-kind donations follow both in disaster and non-disaster contexts. We then explain the challenges NGOs and their donors face with in-kind donations in the context of these channels. We identify systemic issues in the distribution channels and highlight current policies and practices that contribute to the second disaster.
In the second part of this thesis, we propose a comprehensive framework to help donors, NGOs and policy makers comprehend the scope of the problem and identify strategies to address the challenge of unsolicited donations in disaster relief. Our framework provides a succinct representation of the main issues and players involved in the process in a format that is simple to work with and easy to understand. It supports comprehension of the many related issues and can help NGOs and policy making bodies (e.g., FEMA, NVOAD, USAID) assess current strategies and devise new approaches and solution strategies.
In the third part of the thesis, we exploit our framework to propose a tiered strategy consisting of a set of solutions ranging from decision tools to help NGOs better screen in-kind donation offers to entire new channels for more productive in-kind giving in disaster relief. Each of these solutions may deter only a small fraction of the inappropriate flows, but together they can dramatically diminish the problem. Our proposed NGO decision tools both allow quick screening of donation offers in disaster relief and provide a framework for strategic management of corporate in-kind donations in the long term. We also propose a ``retail donation model" which can transform a portion of the current stream of unwanted and unusable in-kind donations from individuals and community groups into a valuable source of needed relief supplies through an entirely new donation channel. We document a successful implementation of an on-line retail donation model in the 2012 Sandy response.
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Kennedy, David R. "The impact of non governmental organisation disaster response on local communities: Perspectives of responders." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2511.
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Introduction: Recent trends indicate disasters are increasing in frequency globally. Improved mitigation, preparedness and enhanced resilience have reduced the number of people killed by these events, but population growth and distribution, increased population density and urbanisation, and overlapping vulnerability coupled with a changing climate mean that disasters are increasingly affecting more people. Consequently, there is a greater proportion of the global community requiring humanitarian aid following disasters. Key in delivering this aid are non-governmental organisations (NGOs). However, at a time when NGOs should eschew competition and instead focus on cooperation and coordination to achieve better results for the impacted communities, the sheer scale of the NGO community and historical lack of collaboration – and indeed competition – continues to raise serious questions regarding the real impact of their post-disaster activities. The objective of this research was to address this question by exploring disaster responder perspectives regarding NGO impact in post-disaster local communities.
Methods: An explorative qualitative design underpinned by a grounded theory approach was applied. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews, which were transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was conducted. Eight research participants were recruited using a multimodal recruitment strategy.
Results: Five key themes emerged: (1) “It felt good”: The subjective experience of impact (2)” We did good”: The objective experience of impact (3) “It meant something”: Meaningfulness (4) “It worked”: Appropriateness, and (5) “We left something behind”: Building local capacity.
Discussion: Impact was experienced as both a subjective and objective concept. Consequently, future attempts to measure NGO impact in post-disaster communities should utilise evaluations designed to capture both qualitative and quantitative elements of community experience.
Conclusion: This study has revealed that post disaster evaluations need to include both subjective and objective evidence to be as comprehensive as possible. This should also include the experiences of disaster responders and locals to ensure accuracy and robustness. Including responders’ perceptions in the evaluation process enhances their mental health resilience and better prepares them for future adversity.
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Wilkinson, Kevin James. "More effective federal procurement response to disasters maximizing the extraordinary flexibilities of IDIQ contracting /." View thesis, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA454285.
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Willner, Daniel, and Stavros Zafeiridis. "Challenges and the use of performance measurements in humanitarian supply chains." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21767.
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The field of humanitarian logistics and supply chain management is increasingly the subject of research. Even though there has been some research in the field in the past, the necessity for more research related to the measurement of the effectiveness of humanitarian supply chains is required. Humanitarian supply chain management deals not only with natural disasters but also with man-made disasters. Thus, different types of disasters create different challenges for humanitarian aid. Moreover, the different stages of the disasters require different courses of action. The lack of extended research in the field of humanitarian supply chain and logistics, the increase of the impact of disasters as well as the differences between the commercial and the humanitarian supply chains, make it clear that the sector should find ways to improve its efficiency. Tools and metrics can be used to measure and improve the efficiency of the supply chains. According to literature there are no sophisticated measures of effectiveness for humanitarian logi stics and supply chains. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the main challenges in humanitarian supply chains and what is the role of performance measurements in humanitarian operations. Moreover, the thesis aims to identify an appropriate model for measuring and thus, enhancing performance in the humanitarian supply chains. The research strategy chosen for this study is a holistic multiple case study. The empirical data is collected through interviews. For this research in total 3 organisations’ representatives and 2 volunteers were interviewed. The collected data have been analysed by combining theories and previous studies in the literature. The main findings from analysing the empirical data revealed that, depending on the disaster phase, humanitarian organisations face different challenges in their supply chains. By implementing appropriate performance measurements, the humanitarian organisations can limit the impact of the challenges in the supply chain operations, gain more relevant and precise information regarding the humanitarian operations, and enhance supply chain coordination among different stakeholders. As an outcome, by implementing appropriate performance measurement systems, the humanitarian organisations can overcome some of these challenges in their supply chains, and therefore enhance the overall supply chain performance.
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Rood, Jason Alexander. "Public Participation in Emergency Management." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/333.
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With disasters increasing in frequency and costs each year, this study seeks to explore ways greater public participation can assist emergency managers in their mission to keep communities safe. Specifically this study examines the policy process and administrative functions of emergency management to illuminated the benefits and hindrances involved in greater participation. This study conducted a qualitative analysis of governmental documents, disaster case studies, international research, as well as political science and administrative doctrines, to arrive at its conclusions. The results of this study reveal that the public is a largely untapped resource in the emergency management field. Engaging the public dialogically in early policy stages and emergency management phases is essential to successful inclusion for both administrators and communities. Specifically, public inclusion creates expanded knowledge, shared learning, personal responsibility, and increased social capital. Faced with the growing threat from disasters, emergency management can create communities that are both more resilient and sustainable by increasing public participation.
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Köhler, de Castro Carolina. "Conflict and drought: is it a dual challenge? : A comparative case study of the challenges humanitarian reliefprogrammes in Mozambique and Zimbabwe faced during the 2016El Niño induced drought and conflict in Mozambique." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-142411.
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The number of people around the world who are affected by humanitarian crises has almost doubled in the past decade. For instance, in 2016, Southern Africa experienced the worst drought in 35 years, due to the weather phenomenon El Niño, and all aspects of society were affected. The aim of this thesis is to identify and analyse different types of challenges humanitarian relief programmes face in their disaster management in two different contexts: a conflict and a non-conflict context. The thesis combines both disaster management and peace and conflict studies. Interviews have been conducted in Zimbabwe (non-conflict) and Mozambique (conflict) with INGOs, UN organisations and donors that were involved in the humanitarian relief programmes in the countries during the El Niño induced drought in 2016. The programmes experienced various challenges, and additional challenges have been found in the humanitarian relief programmes in Mozambique due to the conflict. This thesis contributes to the existing theory with one piece of the puzzle: combining the theories on disaster management and peace and conflict studies and showing that neighbouring countries to those in conflict are likely to get spillover challenges from the country in conflict, primarily due to issues with refugees.
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Caudle, Sharon L. "Homeland security and capabilities-based planning : improving national preparedness." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FCaudle.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): C.J. LaCivita, Kathryn E. Newcomer. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-94). Also available online.
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Chun, Hans H. "A public relations case study on the United States Navy and Marine Corps' role in Operation Unified Assistance following the South Asia tsunami." Scholarly Commons, 2005. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/606.
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Dube, Carolina. "The impact of Zimbabwe’s drought policy on Sontala rural community in Matabeleland South province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2138.
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Thesis (MSc (Geography and Environmental Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.The climate of southern Africa varies greatly spatially and temporally. Tyson‟s (1987) examination of long-term rainfall records has shown an 18-year cyclical pattern of wet spells alternating with dry spells. Recurrent droughts are thus a feature of southern Africa‟s climate. Although climate change resulting from global warming could intensify future droughts, current predictions of regional climate change are unreliable. This study evaluates the nature, adequacy and effectiveness of Zimbabwe‟s drought policy in reducing the vulnerability of rural communities to the impact of drought. The objectives of the study are to explore the different meanings of the concept of drought; to explain the relevant concepts and frameworks of the hazard assessment and management discipline; to describe the current status of disaster management in general and drought in particular; to identify the mechanisms used by small-scale farmers in Sontala ward for coping with drought; and to evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of Zimbabwe‟s drought policy in reducing the vulnerability of rural communities to drought impacts. A qualitative approach was used which involved analysis of government documents and academic literature. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with government officials at provincial level and small-scale farmers at ward level in Matabeleland South province. The data collection exercise was, however, constrained by the current political instability in the country. The study established that the Civil Protection Act No 10:06 of 1989, complemented by relevant sections of other laws, provides a legal framework for disaster management. The Ministry of Local Government, Public Works and Urban Development has a coordinating role. Coordinating committees at national, provincial and district level formulate disasterresponse plans to be activated when a disaster occurs. The Civil Protection System uses existing government, private and non-governmental organizations whose regular activities contain elements of disaster risk prevention and community development. The enactment of the Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Management Act will remove some of the shortcomings of the Civil Protection System.
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Piffero, Melissa A. "Returning to Haiti: humanitarian effort or corporate capitalism ? : a crisis communication response evaluation of Royal Caribbean International." Scholarly Commons, 2010. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/742.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine Royal Caribbean's crisis communications response following the return of their cruise ships to Labadee, Haiti, soon after the Januaty 12, 20 I 0 earthquake. A case study method was used to evaluate both sides of the situation and Royal Caribbean's crisis communications response is evaluated against a target standard of five benchmarks. The first benchmark requires recognizing that a crisis has occurred. The second benchmark involved having an immediate response, by getting the story out first, even if all the facts are not yet available. The third benchmark conveyed the importance of directly communicating with key stakeholders. The fourth benchmark, an all-time favorite, reiterates the importance of telling the truth, bad and good, and keeping it consistent. The fifth benchmark focuses on companies putting people first and conveying a genuine concern for those affected.
This study begins with an introduction of concerned parties, locations and issues. The crisis situation presented is the 7.0 magnitude earthquake that occurred on January 12, 2010 in Haiti. It continues with a discussion of the communication crisis that resulted from Royal Caribbean's decision to continue cruise trips to its port of Labadee on Haiti, following the disastrous earthquake's widespread devastation. Praise and criticism for Royal Caribbean was equally considered, as was the cruise line's crisis management, specifically its series of crisis communications and their short and long-term implications.
In conclusion, analysis suggested that Royal Caribbean underutilized crisis communication techniques. It is essential that a company have a swift response and communicate to the public what is being done to make sure that a crisis is handled effectively.
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King, David R. "How can the United States best prepare Army federal troops to respond quickly to future national emergencies within the United States." Fort Leavenworth, KS : U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2006. http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/u?/p4013coll2,565.
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Slagle, Tisha Anne. "The Situational Small World of a Post-disaster Community: Insights into Information Behaviors after the Devastation of Hurricane Katrina in Slidell, Louisiana." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33203/.
Full textAbstract:
Catastrophes like Katrina destroy a community's critical infrastructure-a situation that instigates several dilemmas. Immediately, the community experiences information disruption within the community, as well as between the community and the outside world. The inability to communicate because of physical or virtual barriers to information instigates instant isolation. Prolonged, this scarcity of information becomes an information poverty spell, placing hardship on a community accustomed to easily accessible and applicable information. Physical devastation causes the scarcity of what Abraham Maslow calls basic survival needs-physiological, security, and social-a needs regression from the need to self-actualize, to meet intellectual and aesthetic needs. Because needs regress, the type of information required to meet the needs, also changes-regresses to information regarding survival needs. Regressed information needs requires altered information behaviors-altered methods and means to meet the information needs of the post-disaster situation. Situational information behavior follows new mores-altered norms-norms constructed for the post-disaster situation. To justify the unconventional, situational social norms, residents must adjust their beliefs about appropriate behavior. Situational beliefs support situational social norms-and situational information behaviors prevail. Residents find they must trust strangers, create makeshift messaging systems, and in some cases, disregard the law to meet their post-disaster survival needs.