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Mennuni, Alessandro. "Aggregate and disaggregated fluctuations." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/192743/.
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In the usual version of the neoclassical growth model used to identify neutral (N-Shock) and investment shocks (I-Shock), a linear transformation frontier between consumption and investment goods is assumed. This paper extends the original framework, allowing for curvature in the transformation frontier, and studies how this affects the relative price of investment goods and hence the identification of investment shocks. A concave frontier allows a substantial improvement in the prediction of the saving rate. Furthermore, a concave frontier induces short-run aggregate effects of relative demand shifts, thereby fostering the propagation of the shocks under consideration, which overall account for 86% of the aggregate fluctuations. When I identify shocks with curvature, the N-shock appears to be stationary while the I-shock is a unit root. This leads the N-shock to play a major role: 91% of the fluctuations explained are due to the N- shock
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Wagner, Katherine Mott. "Optimization of Disaggregated Space Systems Using the Disaggregated Integral Systems Concept Optimization Technology Methodology." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99338.
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This research describes the development and application of the Disaggregated Integral Systems Concept Optimization Technology (DISCO-Tech) methodology. DISCO-Tech is a modular space system design tool that focuses on the optimization of disaggregated and non-traditional space systems. It uses a variable-length genetic algorithm to simultaneously optimize orbital parameters, payload parameters, and payload distribution for space systems. The solutions produced by the genetic algorithm are evaluated using cost estimation, coverage analysis, and spacecraft sizing modules. A set of validation cases are presented. DISCO-Tech is then applied to three representative space mission design problems. The first problem is the design of a resilient rideshare-manifested fire detection system. This analysis uses a novel framework for evaluating constellation resilience to threats using mixed integer linear programming. A solution is identified where revisit times of under four hours are achievable for $10.5 million, one quarter of the cost of a system manifested using dedicated launches. The second problem applies the same resilience techniques to the design of an expanded GPS monitor station network. Nine additional monitor stations are identified that allow the network to continuously monitor the GPS satellites even when five of the monitor stations are inoperable. The third problem is the design of a formation of satellites for performing sea surface height detection using interferometric synthetic aperture radar techniques. A solution is chosen that meets the performance requirements of an upcoming monolithic system at 70% of the cost of the monolithic system.Doctor of Philosophy
Civilians, businesses, and the government all rely on space-based resources for their daily operations. For example, the signal provided by GPS satellites is used by drivers, commercial pilots, soldiers, and more. Communications satellites provide phone and internet to users in remote areas. Weather satellites provide short-term forecasting and measure climate change. Because of the importance of these and other space systems, it is necessary that they are designed in an efficient, reliable, and cost-effective manner. The Disaggregated Integral Systems Concept Optimization Technology (DISCO-Tech) is introduced as a means of designing these space systems. DISCO-Tech optimizes various aspects of the space mission, including the number of satellites needed to complete the mission, the location of the satellites, and the sensors that each satellite needs to accomplish its mission. This dissertation describes how DISCO-Tech works, then applies DISCO-Tech to several example missions. The first mission uses satellites to monitor forest fires in California. In order to reduce the cost of this mission, the satellites share launch vehicles with satellites from other, unrelated missions. Next, DISCO-Tech is used to choose the placement of new ground stations for GPS satellites. Because GPS is an important asset, this study also assesses the performance of the network of ground stations when some of the stations are inoperable. Finally, DISCO-Tech is used to design a group of satellites that measure sea level, since sea level is important for climatology research. A design is presented for a group of satellites that perform these measurements at a lower cost than a planned mission that uses a single satellite.
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Gloudemans, Colin A. "A Competitive Advantage: Disaggregated Judgments." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1625688234060059.
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Yamashiro, Guy Matsuo. "Disaggregated systems and the monetary transmission mechanism /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3026375.
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Agnihotri, Satish Balram. "Sex ratio imbalances in India : a disaggregated analysis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338059.
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Anderson, Joshua David. "Disaggregated financial statement information in an unregulated environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100055.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-71).
This paper examines whether disaggregated financial statement information during the late 1920's reduced information asymmetry. After controlling for firms endogenously selecting their level of disaggregation, I find that disaggregation reduced the information asymmetry between market participants and between the firm and outside investors. Disaggregators had lower bid-ask spreads and short sellers paid lower loan fees for borrowing disaggregators' stocks. In addition, disaggregators were more likely to raise capital in the following year. These results are consistent with firms using high-quality financial reporting to reduce information asymmetry even in the absence of regulation as a bonding mechanism.
by Joshua David Anderson.
Ph. D.
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Mohammad, Ali Howraa. "Disaggregated servers for future energy efficient data centres." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17737/.
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The popularity of the Internet and the demand for 24/7 services uptime is driving system performance and reliability requirements to levels that today’s data centres can no longer support. This thesis examines the traditional monolithic conventional server (CS) design and compares it to a new design paradigm known as disaggregated server (DS). The DS design arranges data centres resources in physical pools such as processing, memory and IO module pools; rather than packing each subset in a single server. In this work, we study energy efficient resource provisioning and virtual machine (VM) allocation in the DS based data centres compared to CS based data centres. First, we developed a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to optimise VM allocation for DS based data centre. Our results indicate that considering pooled resources yields up to 62% total saving in power consumption compared to the CS approach. Due to the MILP high computational complexity, we developed an energy efficient, fast and scalable resource provisioning heuristic (EERP-DS), based on the MILP insights, with comparable power efficiency to the MILP. Second, we extended the resources provisioning and VM allocation MILP to include the data centre communication fabric power consumption. The results show that the inclusion of the communication fabric still yields considerable power savings compared to the CS approach, up to 48% power saving. Third, we developed an energy efficient resource provisioning for DS with communication fabric heuristic (EERP-DSCF). EERP-DSCF achieved comparable results to the second MILP and with it we can extend the number of served VMs where the MILP scalability for big number of VMs is challenging. Finally, we present our new design for the photonic DS based data centre architecture supplemented with a complete description of the architecture components, communication patterns and some recommendations for the design implementation challenges.
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Ngoie, Jacques Kibambe. "A disaggregated Marshallian macroeconometric model of South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09242009-231908.
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Oluwole, Oluwadamilola. "Weather-sensitive, spatially-disaggregated electricity demand model for Nigeria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33043.
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The historical underinvestment in power infrastructure and the poor performance of power delivery has resulted in extensive and regular power shortages in Nigeria. As Nigeria aims to bridge its power supply gap, the recent deregulation of its electricity market has seen the privatisation of its generation and distribution companies. Ambitious plans have also been put in place to expand the transmission network and the total power generation capacity. However, these plans have been developed with essentially arbitrary estimates for prevailing demand levels as the network and generation limits mean actual demand cannot be measured directly due to a programme of almost constant load shedding; the managed and intermittent distribution of inadequate energy allocation from the system operator. Network expansion planning and system reliability analysis require time series demand data to assess generation adequacy and to evaluate the impact of daily and seasonal influences on the energy supply-demand balance. To facilitate such analysis this thesis describes efforts to develop a credible time series electricity demand model for Nigeria. The focus of the approach has been to develop a fundamental bottom-up model of individual households accounting for a range of dwelling characteristics, socioeconomic factors, appliance use and household activities. A householder survey was conducted to provide essential inputs to allow a portfolio of household demand models which can account for weather-dependence and other factors. A range of national and regional socioeconomic and weather datasets have been employed to create a regionally disaggregated time series demand model. The generated demand estimates are validated against metered data obtained from Nigeria. The value of the approach is highlighted by using the model to investigate the potential for future load growth as well as analyse the impact of renewable energy generation on the Nigerian grid.
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Duarte, Cláudia Filipa Pires. "On the role of disaggregated information for inflation forecasting." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/755.
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Mestrado em EconomiaO principal objectivo desta dissertação é avaliar o papel da informação desagregada na previsão da inflação. Mais concretamente, esta informação refere-se às diversas componentes do índice de preços, segundo três níveis de desagregação: o índice total agregado, cinco classes e 59 índices elementares. Para avaliar a influência da utilização deste tipo de informação na qualidade das previsões recorre-se a três técnicas distintas: a abordagem bottom-up; os factores comuns dinâmicos; e a combinação de ambas. Indo mais além do que aquilo que é comum na literatura relativa a este tema, não só é utilizado mais do que um nível de desagregação, como um deles tem uma desagregação significativamente maior do que a que é habitualmente considerada. Relativamente aos modelos, foram utilizados quer modelos univariados (modelos RW e SARIMA), quer modelos multivariados (modelos FASARIMA, incluindo factores comuns dinâmicos). Para horizontes de previsão até 12 meses, é elaborado um exercício de previsão out-of-sample, fazendo uso de dados para o IPC de Portugal. Os resultados deste exercício mostram que a utilização de informação desagregada influencia positivamente a qualidade das previsões da inflação, para horizontes de previsão de um a nove meses.
The main aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the role of disaggregated information by product on inflation forecasting. In particular, this information refers to the several components of the price index, considering three disaggregation levels: the aggregated overall index, five components and 59 subcomponents. This is done by analysing the relevance for inflation forecast accuracy of three different techniques: the bottom-up approach; dynamic common factors; and the combination of both. In contrast with the literature, different levels of data disaggregation are allowed, namely a higher disaggregation level than the one considered up to now. In what concerns the models used, both univariate and multivariate models are applied, such as SARIMA and FASARIMA models (the latter including dynamic common factors). An out-of-sample forecast comparison (up to twelve-months ahead) is performed using Portuguese CPI data. I find evidence that, for a forecast horizon up to nine-months ahead, using disaggregated information for inflation forecasting has a significant positive impact on forecast accuracy.
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Rosberg, Erik. "How do users understand and act upon disaggregated feedback in Smappee?" Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189556.
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Giving feedback to households about their energy consumption has been seen by many as a necessity in order for households to reduce their energy consumption and lower their carbon footprint. Many studies have been made on how smart meters, that give feedback on the total consumption, are used and their effect on the consumption. However, fewer studies have been done on how disaggregated feedback is understood and acted upon. Smappee is an energy feedback system that monitors the household’s consumption and is able to detect appliances’ consumption with only 3 physical clamps at the incoming current, using non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). NILM differentiate appliances based on their electrical signature which is generated by turning an appliance on and off. The users get the feedback through a smartphone application. This study attempts to answer the question “How do users understand and act upon disaggregated feedback in Smappee?” by doing a qualitative study based on contextual interviews made on 15 users of Smappee. The results of the interviews are then compared with previous studies within the field of smart meters and a conceptual model is being described of how users understand Smappee. The results show that disaggregated feedback in Smappee is perceived as too difficult to acquire. Users thought it was too hard to find which appliances represented in Smappee correspond to which physical appliances in the household. However, the users used the real-time total consumption in order to make an estimation of how much certain appliances consumed. This indicates that users are interested in disaggregated feedback if it is easily accessible. Users have, in general, a good understanding of how Smappee detects appliances. They understand that Smappee is measuring the incoming current and makes assumptions based on the increases and decreases. They did not use the disaggregated feedback, even though they understood how it worked.Att ge feedback till hushåll om deras energikonsumtion har setts, av många, som en nödvändighet för att hushåll ska kunna reducera sin energikonsumtion och minska sina koldioxidutsläpp. Flera studier har gjorts om hur smarta mätare, som ger feedback om totalkonsumtionen, används och deras effekt på förbrukningen. Men färre studier har gjorts om hur uppdelad feedback förstås och hur användare agerar på detta. Smappee är ett energifeedbacksystem som mäter hushålls konsumtion och är kapabel att detektera apparaters konsumtion med endast 3 klamrar på den inkommande strömmen, genom att använda “non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). NILM skiljer på apparater baserat på deras elektriska signatur som genereras av att sätta på och slå av apparater. Användarna får feedbacken i en Smartphone-applikation. Denna studie försöker besvara frågan: “Hur förstår och agerar användare på uppdelad feedback i Smappee?” genom att genomföra en kvalitativ studie baserad på kontextuella intervjuer genomförda med 15 användare av Smappee. Resultatet från intervjuerna är sedan jämförda med tidigare studier inom området smarta mätare och en konceptuell model beskrivs om hur användare förstår sig på Smappee. Resultatet visar att uppdelad feedback i Smappee uppfattas för svår att använda. Användarna upplevde att det var för svårt att finna vilken apparat i Smappee som korresponderar till en viss fysisk apparat i hushållet. Dock använde användarna realtidskonsumtionen för att skapa en uppskattning om hur mycket vissa apparater konsumerade. Detta indikerar att användarna hade ett intresse i uppdelad feedback om det var tillgängligt på ett lättare sätt. Användare har, i allmänhet, en god förståelse om hur Smappee detekterar apparater. De förstår att Smappee mäter inkommande ström och gör antaganden baserat på ökningar och minskningar. De använde inte uppdelad feedback även om de förstod hur det fungerade.
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Karner, Johan. "Rationality of Aid Donors : A Disaggregated Study of Aid Allocation." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16080.
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This paper is concerned with the allocation of foreign aid. It intends to investigate the factors influencing the decision of aid donors. What sets this study apart from previous articles on this subject is the use of a disaggregated approach. While previous studies have almost exclusively focused on the total aid flow, this paper divides the total flow into six sub-groups according to the type of aid (budgetary support or sector specific) and to which sector it is dedicated. Using this approach enables us to see if donors make different considerations for different types of aid. Since a rational donor is likely to put different weight on certain factors depending on where the aid funds is going, this approach might be more suitable when evaluating the behavior of donors. Data for 125 recipient countries during 1995-2009 is put in panel data form and regressions are run for each of the six sub-groups respectively. The main finding is that there are in fact differences, between sub-groups, in terms of what factors that influence donors; for example it seems like budgetary support is given mainly to less (relatively) developed country compared to sector specific aid. Hence this paper shows that aid allocation could preferably be studied on a disaggregated level.
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Parekh, Rishabh. "Aggregated Versus Disaggregated Forward Looking Information: Effects on Risk Taking." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/398.
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In previous research, aggregation of returns has been found as a way to counteract the risk averse behavior that is the result of investors' myopia. This paper expands the study of aggregation by analyzing its effect on forward looking probabilities. Namely, through the disaggregation of future information, subjects become myopic and trade with varying risk preferences. In an experimental market, subjects trading securities with disaggregated forward looking information are found to 'buy high and sell low', while subjects trading the same securities, but with aggregated information, trade with more consistent risk preferences.
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Mavrotas, George. "The effectiveness of foreign aid : a study using disaggregated data." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389789.
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Birrell, Carole. "Efficiency gains for seasonal adjustment by joint modelling of disaggregated series." School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics - Faculty of Informatics, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/131.
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Governments and businesses use data collected over time as indicators of the social, economic and business conditions of the country. These may then be used for policy and planning decisions, calculation of national accounts and monitoring of economic activity. The production and publication of seasonally adjusted series, in addition to unadjusted figures, is standard practice for government statistical agencies. In general, there are two main approaches to seasonal adjustment, namely a filter-based approach and a model-based approach. Filter-based methods estimate time series components, such as the trend and seasonal factors, by application of a set of filters to the original series. Model-based methods of seasonal adjustment are more specific to each series, and are thereby more flexible.Time series resulting from aggregation of several sub-series can be seasonally adjusted directly or indirectly. With model-based seasonal adjustment, the sub-series may also be considered as a multivariate system of series and hence the analysis may be done jointly. This approach has considerable advantage over the indirect method, as it utilises the covariance structure between the sub-series.The focus of this thesis is on examining how the accuracy of seasonally adjusted series can be improved by using the sub-series. A model-based approach to seasonally adjusting an aggregated series is carried out with two different methods. The first method utilises a univariate basic structural model (BSM) for the aggregated series. The second method utilises a multivariate basic structural model for the sub-series. In basic structural models, the series components are modelled individually, and then put into state space form. The Kalman filter is applied to obtain estimates of the aggregated series components and the prediction mean squared errors. The variance of the seasonally adjusted series given by the two methods is studied through their relative efficiency. A particular emphasis of the thesis is on how the similarity of and differences between disaggregated series affect the efficiency of the two approaches to seasonal adjustment. Results indicate that gains are attainable under specified conditions which rely on the values of the parameters of not only the seasonal component, but also the non-seasonal components. These results demonstrate the impact on relative efficiency of relationships among sub-series parameters, both between series (i.e. within components) and within series (i.e. between components).The impact of the length of the time series on the accuracy of seasonally adjusted series is of particular interest. A simulation study investigates the parameter estimates obtained given varying series lengths and the subsequent effects on the accuracy of the time series components given by the Kalman filter. These effects are measured by the naive bias in the prediction mean squared error and by the revision error. A bootstrap correction is applied to the estimated prediction mean squared error for both the univariate and multivariate approaches.A single indicator measure is developed for predicting whether the properties of the disaggregated series (or sub-series) will lead to gains in the accuracy of the seasonally adjusted aggregated series. The quasi-likelihood method is applied to obtain the indicator measure of relative efficiency. It is shown to be directly related to the relative efficiency measure obtained with the Kalman filter.Another application of the quasi-likelihood indicator is in identifying an appropriate grouping of the K sub-series into r < K series. The grouping can considerably reduce the number of estimated parameters, while the accuracy of the seasonally adjusted series is maintained.The integrated approach of this thesis to the seasonal adjustment of aggregated series thus provides a pathway to improved efficiency and an understanding of the conditions under which improvements may be achieved.
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Galli, Rossana. "How economies change : the measurement of structural change in disaggregated panels." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286398.
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Potts, Brita. "Estimating the supply of labour by women, 1978-1986 : a disaggregated approach /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecp871.pdf.
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BALESTRI, SARA. "NATURAL RESOURCES AND CIVIL CONFLICT INTENSITY: EVIDENCE FROM A SPATIALLY DISAGGREGATED ANALYSIS." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1391.
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Utilizzando un modello ZTNB, questa analisi verifica empiricamente come la presenza di oro, pietre preziose, droghe e idrocarburi possa interagire con l'intensità di un conflitto civile. Si propone un'analisi disaggregata a livello spaziale che permette di esplorare la presenza di tali risorse naturali all'interno delle zone coinvolte da conflitti. I dati sui depositi di oro sono stati estratti da un dataset originale che codifica la presenza globale della risorsa attraverso coordinate geografiche. I risultati ottenuti suggeriscono che le produzioni di oro, pietre preziose e idrocarburi tendono ad aumentare la durata del conflitto così come la sua intensità, mentre la coltivazione di droghe riduce il numero totale di morti. I risultati sono considerevolmente distorti quando la presenza di risorse naturali è codificata a livello paese e non più a livello delle aree di conflitto, a conferma della validità dell'approccio disaggregato applicato. Il risultato generale è che la collocazione e la tipologia delle risorse sono elementi fondamentali per definire l'impatto sull'intensità dei conflitti, poiché l'essere depredabili ed effettivamente accessibili può determinare in quale misura i ricavi delle stesse risorse possano essere deviati a sostegno dei costi militari o a fini privati. Infine, questa analisi conferma che la disponibilità di risorse naturali influenza l'intensità di un conflitto civile modificando gli incentivi dei combattenti, e che le tipologie di risorse e la loro posizione geografica sono elementi critici nel determinare la violenza dei conflitti.By using a ZTNB model, this analysis empirically tests whether the presence of gold, gemstones, drugs and hydrocarbons interact with civil conflict intensity. I propose a spatially disaggregated analysis which allows to explore the presence of such natural resources within the zones involved by conflicts. Data on gold deposits are extracted from an original dataset which codes the global presence of gold resource through geographic coordinates. The results obtained suggest that gold, gemstones and hydrocarbons productions tend to increase conflict duration as well as its intensity, whereas drug cultivation reduces the number of total conflict deaths. Conversely, the outcomes are seriously affected when I shift natural resources variables from conflict level data to country level data, confirming the validity of the spatially disaggregated approach applied. The general finding is that the location and type of resources are crucial to define their impact on conflict intensity, since their lootability and accessibility can largely determine to what extent natural resource revenues can be diverted and misused during wartime. Above all, this analysis confirms that the availability of natural resources affects civil conflict intensity by altering fighters incentives, and that resources types and geographical location matter in determining conflict violence.
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Schmelzer, Anthony Andrew. "Increased Trust: The Effect of Disaggregated Financial Statements on Potential Nonprofit Donations." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524840768351006.
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Spivak, Alexander. "A Theoretical Model for Life Cycle Inventory Analysis using a Disaggregated Hybrid Methodology." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1310035001.
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Kempen, Markus [Verfasser]. "EU wide analysis of the Common Agricultural Policy using spatially disaggregated data / Markus Kempen." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045345814/34.
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Garg, Manika. "Human Development and Subnationalism: A Disaggregated Analysis of Indian States: Kerala and Uttar Pradesh." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1843.
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This thesis investigates achievements in human development outcomes on health, education, and poverty indicators across Indian states, in order to discern what factors might influence a state’s better orientation toward social policies. After conducting data analysis, the study explains differences in outcomes, as achieved by Kerala and Uttar Pradesh, by building an argument of subnational solidarity and its impact on determining the state’s policy agendas.
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Fouquet, Roger. "Information for energy-related environmental policy : the role of disaggregated dynamic energy demand modelling." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844457/.
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Public concern about energy-related environmental damage has put pressure on governments to enhance abatement policies. This has in turn led to increasing demands for information about and analysis of expected and optimal levels of environmental quality, and the means of influencing these levels. Energy demand modelling can act as a valuable tool in the production of this information, particularly where it relates to future levels of environmental quality and to how policy intervention can alter constraints facing consumers in order to achieve desired levels. The thesis focuses on two features of energy demand analysis. First, major developments in dynamic econometrics, and in particular the cointegration approach, have enabled energy demand modellers to incorporate long run equilibrating relationships between energy use and its main determinants, such as economic activity and relative prices, within a dynamic framework. Second, the existence of a diverse market for energy both in terms of the fuels used and the users suggests that energy demand should be analysed at a disaggregated level. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether disaggregated dynamic energy demand modelling can provide additional valuable information for the formulation of environmental policy. The core of the thesis takes the form of six separate papers: three review papers link dynamic energy demand modelling with environmental policy and three case study papers use disaggregated dynamic energy demand modelling to examine aspects of future United Kingdom energy-related environmental quality and how it can be altered through changing the constraints facing consumers. While theory and traditional econometrics have provided useful information about energy consumption behaviour, the introduction of the cointegration approach and the error correction model are enabling economists to estimate more reliably the long run relationships between energy demand and its main determinants, and the gradual adjustment of consumers towards equilibrium consumption levels after a disequilibrating disturbance. This new information is giving a greater understanding of how to achieve desired future environmental quality levels. The heterogeneous nature of energy use, both in terms of the fuels used and their users, indicates that the accuracy of elasticity estimates and, thus, the quality of information they can provide for environmental policy might be improved through the disaggregation of dynamic energy demand modelling. Employing the cointegration approach and sectoral and fuel specific error correction models to generate estimates of income, three separate papers provide evidence in support of this argument. Individually, these papers provide information about sectoral and fuel specific elasticities, about how residential users alter their behaviour as economic constraints change and about how certain car users alter their fuel consumption patterns when provided with adverse environmental publicity about fuels. Together, these papers suggest that there exists considerable variation in income and real price elasticities between sectors and fuels, and that using the estimates generated by such disaggregated dynamic models will provide greater accuracy than aggregated and static models. These variations are of particular importance to environmental policy makers because of the difference in environmental impact associated with different fuels. The thesis, therefore, finds that, by generating more detailed and reliable elasticity estimates, disaggregated dynamic energy demand models provide new and valuable insights for the formulation of environmental policy. It concludes that disaggregated dynamic energy demand modelling will form an increasing share of the models used for environmental forecasts and policy analysis - although the overall interest in this area of research may shift as levels of certain energy-related environmental indicators improve (eg carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) and others worsen (eg volatile organic compounds and PM10). The thesis suggests that considerable refinements in energy demand modelling can be made, both in the methods used and in the focus of empirical studies, which will lead to further improvements in the formulation of environmental policy.
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Johnson, George Alfred. "The information value of new disaggregated accounting information: the case of voluntary corporate spinoffs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39804.
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This dissertation is an empirical investigation of security excess returns associated with the announcement of corporate spinoffs. Spinoff excess returns exist, but the sources of these returns are not clear. Varying levels of disaggregated accounting information result from spinoffs. The purpose of this dissertation is to relate these information levels to spinoff excess returns.
A sample of 79 voluntary spinoffs from 1980 to 1987 is categorized according to levels of disaggregated accounting information. Analyses of the security returns for the entire sample and for the subsamples formed by information levels are performed. Additionally, the importance of the size of the spinoff and the combined impact of spinoff size and information levels are investigated. Daily excess returns from the CRSP Excess Returns File are the source of the dependent variable measure. Although the market reaction to spinoffs has been studied previously I the reaction to spinoffs from 1980 to 1987 has not been studied in detail.
The key findings and implications of the empirical investigation include:
1. Spinoff announcements do result in significant excess returns. This is a confirmation of similar findings from earlier investigations.
2. The size of the spinoff has a significant relationship to the announcement return. This is also a confirmation of results from earlier spinoff studies.
3. Levels of disaggregated accounting information are not significantly related to spinoff announcement returns. Another possible source of spinoff excess returns has been investigated.
4. Levels of disaggregated accounting information are related to the dispersion of spinoff announcement returns. The value of accounting information in a new setting is known.
5. Interaction between spinoff size and information levels is related to spinoff announcement returns. A qualification of the effect of size on spinoff excess returns is demonstrated.
6. Levels of disaggregated accounting information are related to spinoff postannouncement returns. This finding suggests postannouncement drift and a topic for further research.Ph. D.
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Cheung, Sin Yi. "Meritocracy revisited : a disaggregated approach to the study of educational and occupational attainment in Britain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389564.
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Jobome, Gregory Ovie. "The financial system and economic growth in the United Kingdom : a disaggregated time series approach." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6926.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the development of the financial system and economic growth in the United Kingdom, using a time series econometric methodology. It extends the existing literature in three ways. First, it applies a disaggregated approach, testing the relationship not only at the aggregate level, but also for the manufacturing and service sectors of the UK. This allows the modeling to be driven by the financial characteristics of each sector, thereby providing a firmer foundation for policy recommendations. Second, `fmance-augmented' production functions are estimated throughout, thus yielding coefficients that are theoretically consistent and interpretable. The empirical results suggest that the aggregate economy faces decreasing returns to scale, the manufacturing sector exhibits increasing returns to scale while the service sector appears to display either constant or decreasing returns. Third, both these innovations mean that the study is also able to make a contribution to the on-going sectoral productivity and policy debates in the UK, emphasising the role of finance in this process. The study finds evidence that the evolution of the finance-output relationship in the UK is sector-specific, in that the development of the stock market is positively associated with long-run output, both at the aggregate level and for the manufacturing sector, whereas banking sector development is found to be important for service sector output.
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Fielden, Derrick. "An evaluation of distributed cogeneration for disaggregated consumer populations on Islands : the case of Guernsey." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261646.
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Chapman, Martin Colby. "Disaggregated Seismic Hazard and the Elastic Input Energy Spectrum: An Approach to Design Earthquake Selection." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30636.
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The design earthquake selection problem is fundamentally probabilistic. Disaggregation of a probabilistic model of the seismic hazard offers a rational and objective approach that can identify the most likely earthquake scenario(s) contributing to hazard. An ensemble of time series can be selected on the basis of the modal earthquakes derived from the disaggregation. This gives a useful time-domain realization of the seismic hazard, to the extent that a single motion parameter captures the important time-domain characteristics. A possible limitation to this approach arises because most currently available motion prediction models for peak ground motion or oscillator response are essentially independent of duration, and modal events derived using the peak motions for the analysis may not represent the optimal characterization of the hazard.
The elastic input energy spectrum is an alternative to the elastic response spectrum for these types of analyses. The input energy combines the elements of amplitude and duration into a single parameter description of the ground motion that can be readily incorporated into standard probabilistic seismic hazard analysis methodology. This use of the elastic input energy spectrum is examined. Regression analysis is performed using strong motion data from Western North America and consistent data processing procedures for both the absolute input energy equivalent velocity, (Vea), and the elastic pseudo-relative velocity response (PSV) in the frequency range 0.5 to 10 Hz. The results show that the two parameters can be successfully fit with identical functional forms. The dependence of Vea and PSV upon (NEHRP) site classification is virtually identical. The variance of Vea is uniformly less than that of PSV, indicating that Vea can be predicted with slightly less uncertainty as a function of magnitude, distance and site classification. The effects of site class are important at frequencies less than a few Hertz. The regression modeling does not resolve significant effects due to site class at frequencies greater than approximately 5 Hz.
Disaggregation of general seismic hazard models using Vea indicates that the modal magnitudes for the higher frequency oscillators tend to be larger, and vary less with oscillator frequency, than those derived using PSV. Insofar as the elastic input energy may be a better parameter for quantifying the damage potential of ground motion, its use in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis could provide an improved means for selecting earthquake scenarios and establishing design earthquakes for many types of engineering analyses.Ph. D.
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Capener, Paul Anthony Le-Provost. "Influencing water consumption at South Staffordshire Water PLC : a disaggregated behavioural analysis of contributory factors." Thesis, Aston University, 1992. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10823/.
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This research identifies factors which influence the consumption of potable water supplied to customers' property. A complete spectrum of the customer base is examined including household, commercial and industrial properties. The research considers information from around the world, particularly demand management and tariff related projects from North America. A device termed the Flow Moderator was developed and proven, with extensive trials, to conserve water at a rate equivalent to 40 litres/property/day whilst maintaining standards-of-service considerably in excess of Regulatory requirements. A detailed appraisal of the Moderator underlines the costs and benefits available to the industry through deliberate application of even mild demand management. More radically the concept of a charging policy utilising the Moderator is developed and appraised. Advantages include the lower costs of conventional fixed-price charging systems coupled with the conservation and equitability aspects associated with metering. Explanatory models were developed linking consumption to a range of variables demonstrated that households served by a communal water service-pipe (known in the UK as a shared supply) are subject to associated restrictions equivalent to -180 litres/property/day. The research confirmed that occupancy levels were a significant predictive element for household, commercial and industrial customers. The occurrence of on-property leakage was also demonstrated to be a significant factor recorded as an event which offers considerable scope for demand management in its own right.
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Bielski, Maciej. "Nouvelles techniques de virtualisation de la mémoire et des entrées-sorties vers les périphériques pour les prochaines générations de centres de traitement de données basés sur des équipements répartis déstructurés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT022/document.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte de la désagrégation des systèmes informatiques - une approche novatrice qui devrait gagner en popularité dans le secteur des centres de données. A la différence des systèmes traditionnels en grappes, où les ressources sont fournies par une ou plusieurs machines, dans les systèmes désagrégés les ressources sont fournies par des nœuds discrets, chaque nœud ne fournissant qu'un seul type de ressources (unités centrales de calcul, mémoire, périphériques). Au lieu du terme de machine, le terme de créneau (slot) est utilisé pour décrire une unité de déploiement de charge de travail. L'emplacement est assemblé dynamiquement avant un déploiement de charge de travail par l'orchestrateur système.Dans l'introduction nous abordons le sujet de la désagrégation et en présentons les avantages par rapport aux architectures en grappes. Nous ajoutons également au tableau une couche de virtualisation car il s'agit d'un élément crucial des centres de données. La virtualisation fournit une isolation entre les charges de travail déployées et un partitionnement flexible des ressources. Elle doit cependant être adaptée afin de tirer pleinement parti de la désagrégation. C'est pourquoi les principales contributions de ce travail se concentrent sur la prise en charge de la couche de virtualisation pour la mémoire désagrégée et la mise à disposition des périphériques.La première contribution principale présente les modifications de la pile logicielle liées au redimensionnement flexible de la mémoire d'une machine virtuelle (VM). Elles permettent d'ajuster la quantité de RAM hébergée (c'est à dire utilisée par la charge de travail en cours d'exécution dans une VM) pendant l'exécution avec une granularité d'une section mémoire. Du point de vue du logiciel il est transparent que la RAM proviennent de banques de mémoire locales ou distantes.La deuxième contribution discute des notions de partage de mémoire entre machines virtuelles et de migration des machines virtuelles dans le contexte de la désagrégation. Nous présentons d'abord comment des régions de mémoire désagrégées peuvent être partagées entre des machines virtuelles fonctionnant sur différents nœuds. De plus, nous discutons des différentes variantes de la méthode de sérialisation des accès simultanés. Nous expliquons ensuite que la notion de migration de VM a acquis une double signification avec la désagrégation. En raison de la désagrégation des ressources, une charge de travail est associée au minimum à un nœud de calcul et a un nœud mémoire. Il est donc possible qu'elle puisse être migrée vers des nœuds de calcul différents tout en continuant à utiliser la même mémoire, ou l'inverse. Nous discutons des deux cas et décrivons comment cela peut ouvrir de nouvelles opportunités pour la consolidation des serveurs.La dernière contribution de cette thèse est liée à la virtualisation des périphériques désagrégés. Partant de l'hypothèse que la désagrégation de l'architecture apporte de nombreux effets positifs en général, nous expliquons pourquoi elle n'est pas immédiatement compatible avec la technique d'attachement direct, est pourtant très populaire pour sa performance quasi native. Pour remédier à cette limitation, nous présentons une solution qui adapte le concept d'attachement direct à la désagrégation de l'architecture. Grâce à cette solution, les dispositifs désagrégés peuvent être directement attachés aux machines virtuelles, comme s'ils étaient branchés localement. De plus, l'OS hébergé, pour lequel la configuration de l'infrastructure sous-jacente n'est pas visible, n'est pas lui-même concerné par les modifications introduitesThis dissertation is positioned in the context of the system disaggregation - a novel approach expected to gain popularity in the data center sector. In traditional clustered systems resources are provided by one or multiple machines. Differently to that, in disaggregated systems resources are provided by discrete nodes, each node providing only one type of resources (CPUs, memory and peripherals). Instead of a machine, the term of a slot is used to describe a workload deployment unit. The slot is dynamically assembled before a workload deployment by the unit called system orchestrator.In the introduction of this work, we discuss the subject of disaggregation and present its benefits, compared to clustered architectures. We also add a virtualization layer to the picture as it is a crucial part of data center systems. It provides an isolation between deployed workloads and a flexible resources partitioning. However, the virtualization layer needs to be adapted in order to take full advantage of disaggregation. Thus, the main contributions of this work are focused on the virtualization layer support for disaggregated memory and devices provisioning.The first main contribution presents the software stack modifications related to flexible resizing of a virtual machine (VM) memory. They allow to adjust the amount of guest (running in a VM) RAM at runtime on a memory section granularity. From the software perspective it is transparent whether they come from local or remote memory banks.As a second main contribution we discuss the notions of inter-VM memory sharing and VM migration in the disaggregation context. We first present how regions of disaggregated memory can be shared between VMs running on different nodes. This sharing is performed in a way that involved guests which are not aware of the fact that they are co-located on the same computing node or not. Additionally, we discuss different flavors of concurrent accesses serialization methods. We then explain how the VM migration term gained a twofold meaning. Because of resources disaggregation, a workload is associated to at least one computing node and one memory node. It is therefore possible that it is migrated to a different computing node and keeps using the same memory, or the opposite. We discuss both cases and describe how this can open new opportunities for server consolidation.The last main contribution of this dissertation is related to disaggregated peripherals virtualization. Starting from the assumption that the architecture disaggregation brings many positive effects in general, we explain why it breaks the passthrough peripheral attachment technique (also known as a direct attachment), which is very popular for its near-native performance. To address this limitation we present a design that adapts the passthrough attachment concept to the architecture disaggregation. By this novel design, disaggregated devices can be directly attached to VMs, as if they were plugged locally. Moreover, all modifications do not involve the guest OS itself, for which the setup of the underlying infrastructure is not visible
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Lee, Wook. "A spatial analysis of disaggregated commuting data implications for excess commuting, jobs-housing balance, and accessibility /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1122493683.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 139 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-139). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Ståhlberg, Jonatan. "Disaggregated Electricity Feedback : An analysis of the conditions and needs for improved electricity feedback in houses." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Engineering Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121967.
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This thesis examines if house-owners are prepared to reduce energy use by means of accessing more information on electricity consumption. The goal has been to examine whether house-owners are interested in details such as knowing what impact various installations and electrical appliances have on the overall consumption, and to present examples of various solutions available for solving this task. The aim has also been to present recommendations on what features such a system should hold, and to suggest how it can be designed.
An orientation has been made on the electricity metering market for electricity trading, to examine what information is available to households today. Research in the topic of electricity feedback suggests that today's public methods are generally not as effective as other solutions with greater saving potential. The concept of Disaggregated Electricity Feedback (DEF) has been introduced and is intended to give effective feedback, contributing to a better understanding of the household electricity consumption. Study's main goal has been to investigate house owner’s interest in what DEF is aiming to achieve. The results show there is a strong interest for house-owners having access to what DEF is supposed to provide. Another result obtained in this work is that a potential product equipped with the DEF may be of interest to other parties. With technology changes taking place in the electricity market, opportunities are created for electricity companies to offer their customers completely new and customized services, where a DEF-product may have a number of possible uses.
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Kreutzmann, Ann-Kristin [Verfasser]. "Estimation of Disaggregated Indicators with Application to the Household Finance and Consumption Survey / Ann-Kristin Kreutzmann." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177197472/34.
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Ali, Zulfiqar. "A model of the disaggregated demand for fish in Bangladesh : an econometric analysis for development policy." Thesis, University of Bath, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241666.
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Marshall, Kwesi George. "Studies on the release of kallikrein and formation of kinin from superfused disaggregated renal cortical cells." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386655.
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Kavgic, M. "A city scale physically disaggregated bottom-up energy model : technical options for decarbonising Belgrade residential stock." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1410206/.
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The residential stock is one of the key consumers of energy and hence is important in the drive to reduce both national and global CO2 emissions. A comprehensive domestic stock energy and carbon model is seen as a useful tool to provide policymakers with estimates for the effectiveness of policies and can help to identify the most beneficial technological measures. This thesis describes the development of the first domestic energy and carbon model in Serbia which has been used to investigate the technological feasibility of achieving space heating energy consumption and associated CO2 emission reductions within Belgrade’s housing stock by 2030. BElgrade’s Domestic and Energy and carbon Model combines external and on-site generated data, the whole building dynamic energy simulation software ‘TRNSYS’, and a generic optimisation program called ‘GenOpt’. Whilst this model is primarily demand side orientated, it also considers changes in energy efficiency on the supply side. The BEDEM model has been used to develop five probabilistic explorative scenarios, namely: a ‘Base Model’, a ‘Demand 1’, a ‘Demand 2’, a ‘Supply’, and a ‘Demand 2 and Supply’ scenario. The overall results suggest that the largest domestic space heating energy reductions could be achieved by combining the energy-efficiency performance upgrade of dwelling fabrics and district heating system seasonal efficiency improvement. Yet, in the shorter-term, the improvement of the district heating system’s seasonal efficiency is the most beneficial measure. While the model is of considerable value as a policy tool, the results of uncertainty analyses revealed that a lack of knowledge of just a few key input parameters generate rather large uncertainty in the model predictions. Therefore, for any recommendations based on model predictions to be of use in policy formation, the models need to be validated against existing data and uncertainties within the model investigated thoroughly and, where possible, quantified.
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Ertac, Dizem. "Investigating the effects of environmental and energy policies in Turkey using an energy-disaggregated CGE model." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315740.
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This thesis investigates environmental and energy policies that Turkey needs to adopt on its way to a sustainable development path. A comparative-static, multi-sectoral CGE model, TurkMod, is developed in order to analyze the potential scenarios available for the Turkish economy to attain a low-carbon society with a reduced reliance on fossil fuel imports. Domestic energy demand has significantly increased in Turkey over the past decades and this has put a lot of pressure on policy-makers as the economy greatly depends on imports of natural gas and oil as far as current energy consumption is concerned. The CGE model in this study is based on a 2012 energy-disaggregated Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) constructed as a part of this thesis as well. The energy-disaggregated SAM incorporates 18 sectors for production activities, 11 products as commodities, 2 factors of production as labor and capital, 3 institutional accounts as firms, households, and the government, a separate account for taxes on commodities, taxes on production and taxes on different types of factor use, a capital account, and finally the rest of the world (ROW) account. Disaggregating the electricity sector to include 8 different types of power generating sectors (5 of which are renewable energy sources) enables electric power substitution in the model. The energy-disaggregated SAM is further linked with satellite accounts which include data on derived energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.The macroeconomic and environmental impacts of four distinct sets of scenarios are analyzed with respect to the baseline scenario. The first scenario simulates a 30% increase in energy efficiency in the production sectors and the residential sector and evidence is found for reaching the 21% GHG mitigation target set in Turkey’s pledge for Paris Agreement compliance. The second set of scenarios is the inclusion of a medium-level and high-level carbon tax rates for coal, oil and natural gas. The carbon tax scenarios produce significant effects on both emission reduction targets and substituting fossil fuel technologies with cleaner energy types. The third scenario investigates the sectoral and welfare impacts of providing subsidies for renewable energy sources. Turkey has already adopted a scheme where renewable energies are beings subsidized and promoted, however, this policy does not produce the necessary transformation for the Turkish society when utilized solely on its own. The fourth scenario estimates the effects of changes in world prices of energy on the Turkish economy. A 20% increase in world energy prices, i.e. oil, natural gas, and coal, induces substantial changes in the breakdown of TPES and the power-generating sector, but this scenario is a rather hypothetical one as it cannot be suggested as a viable policy option. All in all, these potential energy scenarios have significant and influential impacts on the Turkish economy and its environment. Notwithstanding, a carbon tax policy proves to be the most viable scenario which leads to reduced energy intensities in all sectors, a 21% GHG emissions abatement, and a transformation of the energy sector towards having a low-carbon content along with a reduced reliance on fossil fuel imports.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Tekaya, Arafet. "The impact of asset specificity on outsourcing performance : a disaggregated analysis by buyer-supplier asset specificity dimensions." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490502.
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Although much research has been done on both asset specificity and outsourcing performance, most of the former has focused on the question of governance choice, while the latter has mainly concentrated on the skills required in managing the buyer-supplier relationship, leaving a glaring gap on the role that asset specific, non-redeployable investments made by either buyers or suppliers, could play in determining the success or otherwise of outsourcing relationships (which for the purpose of this thesis, the author defines as relationships characterised by the relocation to external providers of company functions previously performed in-house). This thesis attempts to begin to fill this gap by empirically investigating the impact of asset specificity on outsourcing performance within a disaggregated methodological framework that allows the author to discern the specific effects of various individual dimensions of buyer-supplier asset specific investments. To this end, data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires sent to a randomly selected sample of UK firms operating in four different service-related industries. Employing both exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis, hypotheses on the relationship in question developed from the twin lenses of transaction cost theory and the strategy-based literature were tested. The results suggest that whilst all dimensions of buyers' asset specificity have a negative impact on outsourcing performance, the effect of suppliers' asset specific investments on outsourcing performance varies according to the asset specificity dimension examined. In addition, buyer-supplier 'reciprocal specific investments' are found to exert a positive effect on outsourcing performance while 'trust- and information-based collaborative ties', though found to have a direct and positive impact on outsourcing performance, do not seem to playa statistically significant moderating effect on the relationship in question. These findings have profound theoretical and methodological implications, and are also of significance from a managerial perspective.
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Gottfredson, Nisha C. Panter A. T. "An empirical evaluation of the disaggregated effects of educational diversity in a national sample of law schools." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1985.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Psychology." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
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Kim, Dong-Hyeon. "Relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies : with emphasis on disaggregated private spendings and policy transmission mechanisms /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953871.
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Weerasinghe, Jagath [Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Herkersdorf, Christian [Gutachter] Plessl, and Andreas [Gutachter] Herkersdorf. "Standalone Disaggregated Reconfigurable Computing Platforms in Cloud Data Centers / Jagath Weerasinghe ; Gutachter: Christian Plessl, Andreas Herkersdorf ; Betreuer: Andreas Herkersdorf." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160381321/34.
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Tierney, Michael. "The effects of general and disaggregated measures of host country civil liberties and political freedom on foreign direct investment inflows." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/457043173/viewonline.
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Fortner, C. Kevin. "Within classroom peer effects and tracking: assessing the impact of classroom peer variation and ability tracking with disaggregated high school data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37092.
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This dissertation focuses on two distinct relationships: 1) classroom peer ability and student end-of-course test outcomes and 2) school tracking policy and student end-of-course test outcomes. Utilizing the education production function and hierarchical linear models, this dissertation contributes to the literature in the field of public policy by extending the work of previous scholars and focusing attention on these relationships in three high school subjects (English I, Algebra I, and Biology). In addition, I present a novel method for identifying tracking intensity within schools. The primary research questions addressed in the dissertation include: 1) To what extent does the ability level of classroom peers contribute to student test score performance?; 2) Does the variability of prior achievement within classrooms correlate with student test score outcomes?; and 3) Is there a relationship between school tracking policy and student test scores? Collectively these questions directly relate to policy options at the school, district, and state levels.
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Gillespie, Gary. "Modelling the system-wide impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Scotland : an ownership-disaggregated regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21179.
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The central aim of this thesis is to develop a modelling framework that is capable of analysing the system-wide impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Scotland. In 1996, foreign-owned plants accounted for around 40,35 and 23 per cent of Scottish manufacturing output, gross value added and employment. Moreover, the attraction of FDI remains an important part of UK regional policy in Scotland with just under half of all Regional Selective Assistance (RSA) awarded to foreign-owned firms. A key concern of this type of discretionary regional policy is whether such assistance is warranted. FDI is thought to have a range of potential demand and supply-side effects and foreign-owned manufacturing plants, in general, have quite distinct structural and behavioural characteristics, as compared with indigenous plants. Yet conventional regional system-wide evaluations of FDI typically focus on demand-side issues, using regional models that assume a passive supply-side and do not disaggregate by ownership. In this thesis I construct ownership-disaggregated Scottish Input-Output and Computable General Equilibrium Models in order to illustrate both the potential demand and supply-side impacts of FDI. The construction of the ownership disaggregated I-0 database provides a unique snapshot of the structure and interaction of foreign and UK-owned plants in Scotland. This provides detailed information as well as providing the basis for calibrating the ownership-disaggregated I-0 and CGE models. The analysis of the potential supply-side impacts of FDI, particularly labour market and 'efficiency spillover' effects, indicates that both can have a significant effect on the estimate of total FDI supported employment. Finally, I develop a simulation framework that is capable of separately identifying the importance of incorporating both 'structure' and 'behaviour' in regional models of FDI. The results indicate that incorporating the 'true' structure of foreign-owned plants is essential if one is to correctly estimate the system-wide impact of FDI.
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Druckman, Angela. "A socio-economically disaggregated approach to accounting for the resource use and emissions attributable to UK households from the consumption perspective." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493042.
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The starting assumption in this thesis is that all resource use and associated emissions are ultimately driven by consumption, and that fundamental changes in the way society consumes are necessary. Policies aimed at shifting consumer behaviour must be based on a robust evidence-base, and the Surrey Environmental Lifestyle MApping (SELMA) framework has been developed to contribute to this. SELMA takes the consumption perspective, and at its core is an Environmental Input-Output model which attributes all resource use and associated emissions that arise along supply chains to final consumers.
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Sahan, Fatih. "The Impact Of Technology Level And Structural Change Of Exports On The Dynamics Of International Competitiveness: A Sectoral Disaggregated Analysis Of Turkish Manufacturing Sector." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614719/index.pdf.
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The major aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of structural change of exports and technology level on the international competitiveness. In order to analyze international competitiveness, export market shares are used. The empirical analysis suggested in this thesis includes two steps. In the first step, constant market share analysis is conducted to understand the causes of changes in export market shares from one period to another and in the second step a difference generalized method of moments model is proposed for 44 manufacturing sectors, which are classified with respect to their technology intensities, over 2003- 2008 period. The results are highly sensitive to the technology intensity of sectors.
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Katsaros, G. "Dynamic economies of scale and trade involvement as explanations of productivity growth : A disaggregated study of the UK industries based on the Verdoorn Law." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370949.
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Malik, Sheraz Alam. "Optimising supermarket promotions of fast moving consumer goods using disaggregated sales data : a case study of Tesco and their small and medium sized suppliers." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/53834/.
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The use of price promotions for fast moving consumer goods (FMCG’s) by supermarkets has increased substantially over the last decade, with significant implications for all stakeholders (suppliers, service providers & retailers) in terms of profitability and waste. The overall impact of price promotions depends on the complex interplay of demand and supply side factors, which has received limited attention in the academic literature. There is anecdotal evidence that in many cases, and particularly for products supplied by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), price promotions are implemented with limited understanding of these factors, resulting in missed opportunities for sales and the generation of avoidable promotional waste. This is particularly dangerous for SMEs who are often operating with tight margins and limited resources. A better understanding of consumer demand, through the use of disaggregated sales data (by shopper segment and store type) can facilitate more accurate forecasting of promotional uplifts and more effective allocation of stock, to maximise promotional sales and minimise promotional waste. However, there is little evidence that disaggregated data is widely or routinely used by supermarkets or their suppliers, particularly for those products supplied by SMEs. Moreover, the bulk of the published research regarding the impact of price promotions is either focussed on modelling consumer response, using claimed behaviour or highly aggregated scanner data or replenishment processes (frameworks and models) that bear little resemblance to the way in which the majority of food SMEs operate. This thesis explores the scope for improving the planning and execution of supermarket promotions, in the specific context of products supplied by SME, through the use of dis-aggregated sales data to forecast promotional sales and allocate promotional stock. An innovative case study methodology is used combining qualitative research to explore the promotional processes used by SMEs supplying the UK’s largest supermarket, Tesco, and simulation modelling, using supermarket loyalty card data and store level sales data, to estimate short term promotional impacts under different scenarios and derive optimize stock allocations using mixed integer linear programming (MILP). ii The results suggest that promotions are often designed, planned and executed with little formalised analysis or use of dis-aggregated sales data and with limited consideration of the interplay between supply and demand. The simulation modelling and MILP demonstrate the benefits of using supermarket loyalty card data and store level sales data to forecast demand and allocate stocks, through higher promotional uplifts and reduced levels of promotional waste.
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Iker, Gary A. "The Effects of District Expenditure Per Pupil and Low Socio-Economic Status on the Grade 10, 2000 and 2002 Disaggregated Student Performance Scores on the TAAS." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5221/.
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Educators can no longer simply look at student totals to distribute instructional dollars. Databased decision-making must be instituted to overcome achievement gaps between white and non-white students. In low-socioeconomic (SES) settings, districts must increase expenditure per pupil (EPP) as low-SES rates rise for all students as district administrators must be in a position to show product rather than process. It was attempted to determine if a positive or negative relationship existed between Anglo, Hispanic, and African-American student test scores and wealth factors on the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills tests in 2000 and 2002. Wealth factors studied included EPP and SES. Data analysis was carried out on 974 independent and consolidated school districts in Texas. Low-SES was found to be a negative predictor of higher test performance on standardized reading and mathematics tests. To varied degrees, low-SES affected all students from all ethnicities as well as affluent students. EPP was attributed with a positive effect on student test performance. Increases of $1,000 or more at one time produce performance increases from 0.20 to 0.40 points. In making specific recommendations, the researcher advises increasing expenditures low-SES districts, schools, and classrooms through the creation of specific district linear equations exhibited in this study. Funds must be earmarked for those students that are affected by poverty. It is also recommended to decrease the number of low-SES students by merging high-SES and low-SES students to dilute poverty's effects. Additional correlation studies that address instructional strategies and outside factors are needed. Finally, a replicating study using Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills data over a period would be beneficial.
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Guerreiro, Thais de Cássia Martinelli. "Mineração de dados, SIG e análise multicritério combinados para o planejamento de redes cicloviárias urbanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-17052017-143336/.
Full textAbstract:
A bicicleta é vista hoje como uma alternativa para melhorar a mobilidade urbana de forma sustentável. Apesar disto, os procedimentos de planejamento disponíveis para o desenvolvimento de infraestruturas cicloviárias ainda não estão totalmente consolidadas. Sendo assim, este estudo visa desenvolver e aplicar um método objetivo para o planejamento de redes cicloviárias com base na mineração de dados desagregados de origem-destino, em recursos de SIG e de técnicas de análise multicritério. É sugerida a realização de três etapas: a) identificação, a partir do perfil de usuários reais, de usuários potenciais, b) planejamento de propostas de redes cicloviárias, e c) comparação entre as redes propostas e as definidas pelo poder municipal, considerando os usuários reais e potenciais e critérios de custos e benefícios. Como resultado positivo, o uso de dados desagregados permitiu mensurar e analisar a proximidade dos usuários às redes, a quantidade de pessoas atendidas e a identificação dos usuários potenciais. Além disso, a análise com base em critérios de custo e de benefício foi capaz de indicar, por exemplo, que a rede cicloviária existente (RCE) na cidade considerada como estudo de caso (São Carlos, SP, Brasil) não serve adequadamente os usuários, quando comparado às redes propostas.Cycling is seen nowadays as an alternative to improve urban mobility in a sustainable way. Nevertheless, the planning procedures available for developing cycling infrastructures are not yet fully consolidated. This study aims at the development and application of an objective method for planning cycling networks based on data-mining of disaggregated origindestination data, GIS resources and multicriteria analysis techniques. The method involves basically three steps: a) an identification of potential users based on real users profiles, b) planning of proposed cycling networks, and c) a comparison, considering real and potential users, as well as cost-benefit criteria, between the proposed networks and those actually developed by the municipality. As a positive outcome, the use of disaggregated data allows not only a reasonable estimate of the number of people served by the networks, but also a detailed analysis of their proximity to that infrastructure and an identification of potential users. Also, the analysis based on cost-benefit criteria was able to show, for example, that the existing cycling network (ECN) of the city taken as a case study (São Carlos, SP, Brazil) does not properly serve the users, when compared to the proposed networks.