Journal articles on the topic 'Disability insurance Australia'
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1
Hall, Tania, and Tara Brabazon. "Freedom from Choice? The Rollout of Person-centered Disability Funding and the National Disability Insurance Scheme." INKLUSI 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ijds.070102.
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Person-centered funding models are replacing block-funding models in the disability services sector. Australia is part of this international trend. Concerns have been raised by service providers, suggesting that people with disabilities are not benefiting from this system. This paper evaluates the views of service providers from a large non-government organization in South Australia, responsible for leading the transition from a block-funded model of support to a person-centered model of support. Two focus groups were conducted. Two themes emerged from these focus group discussions: customers with disabilities are vulnerable in the market, and marketizing disability services compromises quality. Neoliberal ideologies and market-based values frame the challenges and opportunities for not-for-profit organizations when transitioning to person-centered funding for disability support. This research both enlivens and confirms the existing research literature. Although person-centered funding models offer a socially just model, there is evidence that unintended consequences emerge in an open and competitive quasi-market. This study reveals that the competitive market design had stopped trans-sector collaboration. [Saat ini, model pendanaan berbasis orang banyak menggantikan model pendanaan-blok di sektor layanan disabilitas. Australia adalah bagian dari tren internasional ini. Lembaga layanan sosial khawatir bahwa para difabel tidak akan mendapatkan manfaat dari sistem ini. Artikel ini meninjau pandangan penyedia layanan dari organisasi non-pemerintah besar di Australia Selatan. Dua FGD dilakukan dalam riset ini. Dua tema muncul dari FGD: pelanggan difabel mengalami kerentanan di pasar dan ‘swastanisasi’ layanan disabilitas mengganggu kualitas. Ideologi neoliberal dan nilai berbasis-pasar menyajikan tantangan dan peluang bagi organisasi nirlaba ketika beralih ke pendanaan berbasis orang dalam layanan disabilitas. Penelitian ini mengonfirmasi literatur penelitian yang sudah ada. Meskipun model pendanaan berbasis orang menawarkan model yang adil secara sosial, ada bukti bahwa konsekuensi yang tidak diinginkan dapat muncul dalam pasar kuasi terbuka dan kompetitif. Studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa desain pasar yang kompetitif telah menghentikan kolaborasi lintas sector.]
2
Carey, Gemma, Helen Dickinson, Eleanor Malbon, Megan Weier, and Gordon Duff. "Burdensome Administration and Its Risks: Competing Logics in Policy Implementation." Administration & Society 52, no. 9 (March 6, 2020): 1362–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399720908666.
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Australia is currently undergoing significant social policy reform under the introduction of a personalized scheme for disability services: the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). This article explores the growing administrative burdens placed on disability providers operating under the new scheme, using an Australia-wide survey of the disability sector. The 2018 National Disability Services survey of the disability sector reveals that administrative burden is the most commented on challenge for providers. Moreover, providers linked this burden to questions concerning their financial sustainability and ability to continue to offer services within the NDIS. In this article, we explore the sources of these administrative burdens and their relationships with the institutional logics at play in the NDIS. In addition to documenting the impact of system change on the Australian disability service sector, this article raises questions regarding institutional hybridity within personalization schemes more broadly and whether they are a source of tension, innovation, or both.
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Tonkin, Maggie. "Lessons in Survival: The De-funding of Restless Dance Theatre." Journal of Cultural Management and Cultural Policy / Zeitschrift für Kulturmanagement und Kulturpolitik 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/zkmm-2022-080208.
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Abstract In March 2020, Michelle Ryan, Artistic Director of Restless Dance Theatre, an Australian dance company that includes both disabled and non-disabled dancers, was awarded Australia’s highest dance honour by the Australia Council, the federal arts funding body, for her transformative leadership of the company. Almost simultaneously, the very same Australia Council removed funding support for Restless, threatening the company’s survival. This essay examines Restless’s response to the fundamental incoherence of the Australia Council’s decision and situates it within the broader context of the company’s own evolving practice in disability art, which in effect saw it attempt to create policy in the field. I outline the government policy contexts that underpin both the funding cuts and Restless’s pivot to an alternate source of funding: the ideologically driven ‘culture wars’ underpinning the Coalition government’s hostility to the arts sector, and the establishment of a National Disability Insurance Scheme that enables individual ‘clients’ to access money for arts training. Finally, the essay examines the implications of a dance company receiving funding from a disability service provider rather than from a mainstream arts funding body, questioning whether this is a further ‘ghettoization’ of disability art.
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Tonkin, Maggie. "Lessons in Survival: The De-funding of Restless Dance Theatre." Journal of Cultural Management and Cultural Policy / Zeitschrift für Kulturmanagement und Kulturpolitik 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/zkmm-2022-0207.
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Abstract In March 2020, Michelle Ryan, Artistic Director of Restless Dance Theatre, an Australian dance company that includes both disabled and non-disabled dancers, was awarded Australia’s highest dance honour by the Australia Council, the federal arts funding body, for her transformative leadership of the company. Almost simultaneously, the very same Australia Council removed funding support for Restless, threatening the company’s survival. This essay examines Restless’s response to the fundamental incoherence of the Australia Council’s decision and situates it within the broader context of the company’s own evolving practice in disability art, which in effect saw it attempt to create policy in the field. I outline the government policy contexts that underpin both the funding cuts and Restless’s pivot to an alternate source of funding: the ideologically driven ‘culture wars’ underpinning the Coalition government’s hostility to the arts sector, and the establishment of a National Disability Insurance Scheme that enables individual ‘clients’ to access money for arts training. Finally, the essay examines the implications of a dance company receiving funding from a disability service provider rather than from a mainstream arts funding body, questioning whether this is a further ‘ghettoization’ of disability art.
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Adibi, Hossein. "The Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme and People With Disabilities From CALD Backgrounds." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 9, no. 3 (July 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2020070101.
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The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is considered to be the second greatest reform in healthcare in Australia after the introduction of Medicare in Australia in 1983. This reform was introduced in 2012 in two phases. The first phase as a trial took place for three years. The expectation was that the reform will be rolled out by 2019 or 2020. This article argues that the trial implementation process has achieved very positive outcomes in the lives of a great number of people with disability in Australia. At the same time, NDIS is facing many serious challenges in some areas. One of the obvious challenges is that this reform is a market approached reform. The second challenge relates to meeting the needs of minorities. People with disabilities from Culturally and Linguistically Divers (CALD) backgrounds are one of the five most venerable, underutilised users of NDIS services in Australia. They have no strong voice and negotiable abilities. The main question here is how NDIS is to meet its commitment to satisfy the needs of these vulnerable people in Australia.
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Trimmer, Karen, and Roselyn Dixon. "The Impact of Public Policy on Support Services for Indigenous Families with Children with Special Education Needs." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 47, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2017.17.
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In Australia and Europe, government agencies and not-for-profit organisations (NFPOs) have had long involvement in the funding and provision of community disability services. Significant change has occurred in Australia over the past two decades in the way government funds are expended, with marketplace mechanisms increasingly being used. As a consequence of economic and governance imperatives, funding of services via NFPOs has changed significantly with a move away from the provision of grants to the contracting of these organisations for the provision of services. In 2013, a new national policy, the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), was introduced that has impacts for the provision of disability services for children and their families. In particular, Indigenous families are likely to experience barriers in accessing services. This paper reviews the impact of international changes in policy and associated funding models and considers the impacts and research implications of Australia's initial experience of implementation of the NDIS.
7
Miller, Pavla. "‘The age of entitlement has ended’: designing a disability insurance scheme in turbulent times." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 33, no. 2 (June 2017): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2017.1302893.
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AbstractIn a period of welfare state retrenchment, Australia's neo-liberal government is continuing to implement an expensive National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). Australia is among the pioneers of welfare measures funded from general revenue. Until recently, however, attempts to establish national schemes of social insurance have failed. The paper reviews this history through the lenses of path dependence accounts. It then presents contrasting descriptions of the NDIS by its Chair, the politician who inspired him, and two feminist policy analysts from a carers’ organisation. Path dependence, these accounts illustrate, has been broken in some respects but consolidated in others. In particular, the dynamics of ‘managed’ capitalist markets, gendered notions of abstract individuals and organisations, and the related difficulties in accounting for unpaid labour are constraining the transformative potential of the NDIS.
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Andrews, Gavin, Scott Henderson, and Wayne Hall. "Prevalence, comorbidity, disability and service utilisation." British Journal of Psychiatry 178, no. 2 (February 2001): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.2.145.
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BackgroundHealth planning should be based on data about prevalence, disability and services used.AimsTo determine the prevalence of ICD–10 disorders and associated comorbidity, disability and service utilisation.MethodWe surveyed a national probability sample of Australian households using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and other measures.ResultsThe sample size was 10 641 adults, response rate 78%. Close to 23% reported at least one disorder in the past 12 months and 14% a current disorder. Comorbidity was associated with disability and service use. Only 35% of people with a mental disorder in the 12 months prior to the survey had consulted for a mental problem during that year, and most had seen a general practitioner. Only half of those who were disabled or had multiple comorbidity had consulted and of those who had not, more than half said they did not need treatment.ConclusionsThe high rate of not consulting among those with disability and comorbidity is an important public health problem. As Australia has a universal health insurance scheme, the barriers to effective care must be patient knowledge and physician competence.
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Crozier, Michelle, and Heidi Muenchberger. "‘It’s your problem, not mine’: does competence have anything to do with desire and aspiration to self-direct?" Australian Health Review 37, no. 5 (2013): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13053.
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The current disability policy paradigm operating across all states in Australia is self-direction. This central movement is closely linked to preparations for a National Disability Insurance Scheme called DisabilityCare. We provide one perspective in relation to self-direction in Australia including assumptions about aspirations to self-direct and the limited research evidence base that is available even though anecdotally self-direction practices have been occurring for many years. We conclude that by developing a funding platform, such as DisabilityCare, that empowers people with a disability to make decisions about their own fundamental needs and the fulfilment of them, it will lead to a society that supports people to access and achieve a ‘typical’ and desired life.
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Mason, Jonathan, Kate Crowson, Mary Katsikitis, and Michael Moodie. "Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme: a collaboration opportunity for academia and industry." Tizard Learning Disability Review 23, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-04-2017-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to summarise the initial experiences of Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). It highlights some of the main challenges being faced by participants, service providers and government, and demonstrates how research can contribute to the ongoing implementation and success of the scheme. Design/methodology/approach The historical basis for the need for a new approach to disability funding in Australia is explored. The opportunities that exist and the difficulties that are being encountered by those entering and working within the new scheme are discussed. Findings Several problems were identified including difficult transitions between existing support frameworks to new “NDIS plans”, and the risk of market failure. Both the problems and their solutions are discussed and it is hoped that collaboration between the Commonwealth Government, service users, their families, service providers and universities can lead to a number of lasting improvements. Practical implications The new funding framework provides exciting opportunities for increasing the funding of people with intellectual and physical disabilities in Australia. Developments in technology, service provision in rural and remote areas and the opportunity to meet aspirational life goals exist alongside a number of challenges, including the need to ensure that those with multiple and complex disabilities retain existing levels of support. Originality/value The implementation of the NDIS is still underway, and opportunities exist to implement changes to the scheme where required. Research findings have an important role to play in the national debate regarding how best to improve quality of life for people with a disability in Australia.
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Reddihough, Dinah S., Elaine Meehan, N. Susan Stott, and Michael J. Delacy. "The National Disability Insurance Scheme: a time for real change in Australia." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 58 (January 19, 2016): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13007.
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Green, Jenny, and Jane Mears. "The Implementation of the NDIS: Who Wins, Who Loses?" Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 6, no. 2 (September 2, 2014): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v6i2.3915.
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The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is a major paradigm shift in funding and support for people with disability in Australia. It is a person centered model that has at its core a change in government funding away from service providers direct to individuals with disability. In principle it is heralded as a major step forward in disability rights. Nonetheless, the implementation poses threats as well as benefits. This paper outlines potential threats or risks from the perspective of not-for-profit organisations, workers in the sector and most importantly people with disability. It draws on a range of recent reports on the sector, person centered models of funding and care, the NDIS and past experience. Its purpose is to forewarn the major issues so that implementers can be forearmed.
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Martel, A., and V. Paton-Cole. "Human Rights, Disability, and Construction: How responsive are building regulations to changing community attitudes towards housing for people with a disability?" IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 042035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/4/042035.
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Abstract Responsibility for housing people with a disability has rested with government and the charity-medical model of disability encouraged institutionalized accommodation. However, since the mid-2000s, the introduction of a person-centred approach has seen government’s legislate programs that facilitate people with disabilities living in the community. This shifted supply of appropriate housing to the private-sector and placed a focus on whether current building regulations are capable of regulating in this space. This paper explores the history of building regulations in Australia, in parallel with the history of treatment of people with a disability. The normalization of institutionalizing people with a disability was reflected in early building codes in Australia, continuing from the 1840s until the 1980s when disability theory began to change – but not building practice in Australia. The decisive break between the approach to disability accommodation (person-centred) and the institutional model in building regulations occurred with the move to the National Construction Code (NCC) in the 1990s. The introduction of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in 2014 highlighted the disconnect when a market-based housing model was proposed that proved difficult to implement with current NCC settings. This study highlighted the complex interaction between existing policy settings and identified the scope for individual interpretation of the code around key concepts. These include building classification, single-occupancy units, and fire safety. As a consequence of the institutional model for disability accommodation enshrined in the NCC, the NDIS is undermined in accommodating people in the community, due to uncertainty and confusion within the private-sector industry that has impacted the cost and quality of the housing produced.
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Beer, Andrew, Lyrian Daniel, Emma Baker, and Laurence Lester. "The Shifting Risk of Homelessness among Persons with a Disability: Insights from a National Policy Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 6512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186512.
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Persons with a disability are at a far higher risk of homelessness than those without. The economic, social and health challenges faced by disabled people are addressed, in Australia, by the recently implemented National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). Using nationally representative, longitudinal household panel data, we construct the Index of Relative Homelessness Risk (IRHR) to track how the risk of homelessness for disabled persons has changed since the introduction of the NDIS. We find that, overall, fewer persons with a disability face moderate risk of homelessness but that many more face high risk. We conclude that the NDIS has not effectively protected disabled people from the risk of homelessness. We reflect on the implications of these findings for policy interventions.
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McLoughlin, Ian, Sanaz Bayati-Bojakhi, Karthyeni Purushothaman, and Amrik Sohal. "Informational Requirements and Client-centred Disability Care: Issues, Problems and Prospects in Australia." Social Policy and Society 13, no. 4 (July 4, 2014): 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746414000268.
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Client and patient-centred care have become watchwords in policies to transform social and health care systems in both Australia and the UK. In this article we argue that much of the success of moves towards client-centred social care will rest on the creation of appropriate informational environments to support new conversations between clients and those who commission and provide care services. We draw upon original research within an existing state-level insurance-based scheme covering citizens who acquire a disability in transport accidents to illustrate the problems faced by the absence of such a framework. We highlight some of the insights emerging from our work concerning the challenge of developing appropriate informational environments to support client-centred care and indicate the potential of co-design when focused on new conversations of care.
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Johnson, Belinda Jane. "Daily life in National Disability Insurance Scheme times: Parenting a child with Down syndrome and the disability politics in everyday places." Qualitative Social Work 19, no. 3 (May 2020): 532–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325020911691.
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Social inclusion for people with disability is bound up with experiences of place in everyday life. In Australia, the inclusion agenda has been recently propelled by the National Disability Insurance Scheme which promotes – and funds – the full inclusion of people with disability so that their lives are conducted in everyday settings. This article addresses what lies between the aspirational policy principles of full inclusion and the experience of family life with a young child who has Down syndrome. Through auto-ethnographic inquiry, a series of vignettes describe my own encounters in everyday places such as shops, childcare centres and public swimming pools. I focus on ‘sense of place’ which is generated through everyday practices and can shape individual identity and belonging. Using ideas from feminist poststructuralism and critical disability studies, I argue that ableist discourses on disability are produced by people in everyday places through their attitudes, actions and expectations, disrupting regular family life and imposing oppressive modes of subjectivity upon children with intellectual disability and their parent-carers. In response, parents of children with intellectual disability are challenged to undertake the political labour of everyday disability advocacy. It is important for social work to recognise that this labour can become a significant part of the contemporary parent-carer role.
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Stewart, Victoria, Maddy Slattery, Helena Roennfeldt, and Amanda J. Wheeler. "Partners in Recovery: paving the way for the National Disability Insurance Scheme." Australian Journal of Primary Health 24, no. 3 (2018): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py17136.
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Australians experiencing severe and persistent mental illness and who require services from multiple agencies, experience a fragmented service delivery system. In 2014, the Commonwealth Government introduced the Partners in Recovery (PIR) service, which provides service coordination and flexible funding to improve outcomes for this group of people. This study presents qualitative findings from a research project that aimed to understand the experiences of PIR participants, including aspects of the planning process and the effectiveness of the PIR program in meeting their needs from the perspective of the participant, their carer or family member and other support people within their lives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 stakeholders involved in the PIR program, of which 14 were participants, 17 were members of the participant’s support network and three were members of a consumer and carer advisory group. Overall participation in the PIR program had a positive effect on the participant’s lives. Relationships with the support facilitators were seen as an important element of the process, along with a focus on recovery-oriented goals and advocacy and linking to other agencies. These findings are important for informing the roll-out of the National Disability Insurance Scheme in Australia, which will replace PIR.
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Brien, Jackie, Jane Page, and Jeanette Berman. "Enabling the Exercise of Choice and Control: How early Childhood Intervention Professionals may Support Families and Young Children with a Disability to Exercise Choice and Control in the Context of the National Disability Insurance Scheme." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 42, no. 2 (June 2017): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.2.05.
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THE NATIONAL DISABILITY INSURANCE Scheme (NDIS) is progressively being implemented across Australia. The Scheme aims to more equitably and sustainably support families and young children with a disability to optimise independence and participation in all aspects of their lives, including early childhood education. A key platform of the NDIS is for people with a disability to have choice and control over decisions about service provision. It is imperative to review the research that investigates what the notion of choice and control over service provision means for families and children with a disability, and how early childhood intervention (ECI) professionals can effectively support this decision making. In this article we argue that to effectively support families and children to experience choice and control, ECI professionals must build and share specialist knowledge and expertise to support informed decision making, engage in positive relationship-building practices and develop a shared approach to accountability with families.
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Greig, Rob. "Commentary on “Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme: a collaboration opportunity for academia and industry”." Tizard Learning Disability Review 23, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-04-2018-0007.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a UK perspective on the article by Mason et al. on Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). Design/methodology/approach A commentary on the main article, drawing on the author’s knowledge and experience of the implementation of personalisation in the UK and information gleaned during a recent visit to Australia. Findings There is a major risk that the implementation of NDIS will repeat some of the failings of personalisation in the UK. Specifically, the failures of public bodies to invest in supporting people to take effective control over the resources available to them, and to instigate action to manage the emerging market in ways that promote innovative community options, risk the forces of the free market economy undermining disabled people’s ability to make maximum use of any new choice and control open to them. Originality/value This is a personal perspective, backed by experience, on a current policy development that is of international interest.
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Robinson, Richard. "Gaining and sustaining ‘hospitable’ employment for disability youth." Hospitality Insights 2, no. 2 (October 24, 2018): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v2i2.40.
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As the hospitality industry globally suffers persistent skills shortages, organisations are increasingly looking to non-traditional labour markets to fill vacancies. Indeed, hospitality has a long tradition of employing from society’s margins [1]. Research has shown hospitality firms are more likely than other industries to hire people experiencing disability [2]. Therefore, hospitality has the need, the tradition and the capacity to implement and support lasting change in the employment of disability youth.
The Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), which is overhauling the sector and transforming the way persons experiencing disability access services, is modelled on research demonstrating the broader economic benefits of greater inclusive workforce participation [3]. The scheme is also consistent with the fact that employment is the key to exits from disadvantage for most people of working age [4]. Yet Australia ranks 21st out of 29 OECD nations in disability employment rates [5]. These poor rates of providing inclusive employment are often levelled at firms’ unwillingness to hire applicants with a disability [6].
In late 2016, a disability services provider (DSP) and a registered charity partnered in a mobile coffee cart social enterprise to create open employment pathways for a group of disability youth previously employed in the ‘sheltered workshop’ model. A 360-degree ethnography combining interview and observational methods [7] was designed to investigate the holistic experiences of the youth and to gain insights into the levers and barriers regarding open employment. The agency/structure dualism framed the study, as it is recognised that agency is in itself not sufficient when its expression is constrained by an individual’s social deficits and the legacies of their entrenched disadvantage [8]. In all, five ‘baristas’ experiencing disability (across 10 interviews), 11 co-workers/managers from the DSP and the charity, and 21 customers comprised the sample.
Previous research has identified industry’s reticence to employ people with disability as a key barrier, despite ability and willingness to work [5]. This study, however, identified a complex range of structural factors inhibiting the agency of disability youth to self-determine towards open employment. These included a history of poor experiences in institutional settings (e.g. schooling and sporting), the safety and security of sheltered workshops, parental oversight and the staffing requirements of DSP social enterprises. Surprising individual-level factors were also manifest, including the inability to responsibly manage new- found workplace independence and an absence of extrinsic motivators to work – given that the disability youth enjoyed financial security regardless of earnings.
This research challenges the conventional wisdom that organisations alone need to revisit their willingness, capacity and preparedness for providing accessible employment, and rather suggests that deep-seated structural factors, and their impacts on youth, require concomitant attention.
Corresponding author
Richard Robinson can be contacted at: richard.robinson@uq.edu.au
References
(1) Baum, T. Human Resources in Tourism: Still Waiting for Change? A 2015 Reprise. Tourism Management 2015, 50, 204–212.
(2) Houtenville, A.; Kalargyrou, V. Employers’ Perspectives about Employing People with Disabilities. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 2014, 56(2), 168–179.
(3) Deloitte Access Economics. The Economic Benefits of Increasing Employment for People with Disability; Australian Network on Disability: Sydney, Australia, 2011.
(4) McLachlan, R.; Gilfillan, G.; Gordon, J. Deep and Persistent Disadvantage in Australia; Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper: Canberra, Australia, 2013.
(5) Darcy, S.A.; Taylor, T.; Green, J. 'But I Can Do the Job': Examining Disability Employment Practice through Human Rights Complaint Cases. Disability and Society 2016, 31(9), 1242–1274.
(6) Lysaght, R.; Cobigo, V.; Hamilton, K. Inclusion as a Focus of Employment-Related Research in Intellectual Disability from 2000 to 2010: A Scoping Review. Disability and Rehabilitation 2012, 34(16), 1339–1350.
(7) Sandiford, P. Participant Observation as Ethnography or Ethnography as Participant Observation in Organizational Research. In The Palgrave Handbook of Research Design in Business and Management; Strand K. (Ed.); Palgrave Macmillan: London, 2015; pp 411–446.
(8) Graham, J.; Shier, M.; Eisenstat, M. Young Adult Social Networks and Labour Market Attachment. Journal of Social Policy 2015, 44(4), 769–786.
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Beer, Andrew, Emma Baker, Laurence Lester, and Lyrian Daniel. "The Relative Risk of Homelessness among Persons with a Disability: New Methods and Policy Insights." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 6, 2019): 4304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224304.
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This paper reports on the first phase of an ambitious program of research that seeks to both understand the risk of homelessness amongst persons with a disability in Australia and shed light on the impact of a significant policy reform—the introduction of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)—in changing the level of homelessness risk. This first paper, reports on the level of homelessness risk for persons with a disability prior to the introduction of the NDIS, with a subsequent paper providing updated data and analysis for the period post the implementation of the NDIS. In one sense, this paper provides the ‘base’ condition prior to the introduction of the NDIS but also serves a far broader role in advancing our understanding of how disability and chronic ill-health affects the risk of homelessness. Our research finds that in the period prior to the introduction of the NDIS, a large proportion of people with disabilities were at risk of homelessness, but those whose disabilities affected their schooling or employment were at the greatest risk.
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Ramcharan, Paul, Christina David, and Katie Marx. "You are here! Negotiating liminality in place in the context of the National Disability Insurance Scheme." Qualitative Social Work 19, no. 3 (May 2020): 359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325020915775.
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The dynamics of inclusion and exclusion for people with disabilities and the places in which they live are being challenged in Australia with the transition to the National Disability Insurance Scheme. This paper reports on the experiences of a place-based and participatory action research project in regional Tasmania which sought to co-create citizenship opportunities with co-researchers living with disability. We report on our experience of negotiating this ambitious and emergent project through the uncertain and shifting terrain of the contemporary neoliberal policy and service context. We highlight the rich gains as well as the significant relational, contextual and procedural challenges of operationalising and staying true to bottom up and strengths-based community development principles. Key learnings relate to risks of creating liminal spaces for community action, about power and authority, and about the skills, resources and labour needed to unearth and mobilise individual and community strengths. We argue that there remains a significant tension between the aspirations of collective action and contemporary services and policy structures that reproduce liminality, silent positioning and place denial. This research challenges traditional disability centric notions of inclusion and place and has implications for the NDIS, for policies at risk of reproducing disabling dynamics, for service innovation and collaboration and for all social workers and others working to develop more inclusive communities.
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White, Caitlyn S., Erica Spry, Emma Griffiths, and Emma Carlin. "Equity in Access: A Mixed Methods Exploration of the National Disability Insurance Scheme Access Program for the Kimberley Region, Western Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 8907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178907.
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This study explored the process and early outcomes of work undertaken by a program to increase Aboriginal people’s awareness of, and access to, the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). This ‘Access Program’ was implemented through the Aboriginal Community Controlled Sector in the remote Kimberley region of Western Australia. Access Program staff were interviewed to explore the strengths, challenges, and future directions of the program. The demographics, primary disability types, and NDIS access outcomes for clients who engaged with the program in the first 12 months of its implementation have been described. The Access Program engaged with 373 clients during the study period and assisted 118 of these to achieve access to the NDIS. The program was reported as successful by staff in its aim of connecting eligible people with the NDIS. Vital to this success was program implementation by the Aboriginal Community Controlled Sector. Staff in these organisations held community trust, provided culturally appropriate services, and utilised strengths-based approaches to overcome barriers that have historically hindered Aboriginal people’s engagement with disability services. Our results demonstrate the Access Program is a successful start in increasing awareness of, and access to, the NDIS for Aboriginal people in the Kimberley region. Much work remains to assist the large number of Aboriginal people in the Kimberley region believed to be eligible for NDIS support who are yet to achieve access.
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Sarkodee, Kate, and Andrew Martel. "Creating a Market for Disability Specific Housing on Indigenous Land: A Case Study from Yarrabah, Australia." Buildings 8, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8110160.
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Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme Specialist Disability Accommodation (NDIS SDA) program anticipates new, disability specific, housing stock being built by private investors incentivized by cash payments and rental income. To date, very few new SDA dwellings have been constructed and the majority of the research and analysis of the program’s potential has been in the context of apartment construction in major capital city markets in Australia. This paper uses a hypothetical case study of building SDA accommodation in a discrete regional Indigenous community, Yarrabah, in Queensland. It investigates underlying assumptions within the scheme, particularly around the relationship of land to investment outcomes, as well as cultural considerations. An important aspect is to test how effectively the design guidelines associated with the scheme translate into an appropriate built form that is culturally and environmentally appropriate in locations outside major urban centres. The results suggest that housing actors from the not-for-profit sector may benefit from the SDA at the expense of profit-driven, market-based housing developers, and that the SDA design categories offer limited flexibility for participants with changing care needs, potentially restricting resident continuity in occupancy and ongoing return on investment. The work offers an early assessment on the workability of the SDA in the context of housing investment in a new market for the private housing industry.
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Furst, Mary Anne, Jose A. Salinas-Perez, and Luis Salvador-Carulla. "Organisational impact of the National Disability Insurance Scheme transition on mental health care providers: the experience in the Australian Capital Territory." Australasian Psychiatry 26, no. 6 (November 8, 2018): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856218810151.
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Objectives: Concerns raised about the appropriateness of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in Australia for people with mental illness have not been given full weight due to a perceived lack of available evidence. In the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), one of the pilot sites of the Scheme, mental health care providers across all relevant sectors who were interviewed for a local Atlas of Mental Health Care described the impact of the scheme on their service provision. Methods: All mental health care providers from every sector in the ACT were contacted. The participation rate was 92%. We used the Description and Evaluation of Services and Directories for Long Term Care to assess all service provision at the local level. Results: Around one-third of services interviewed lacked funding stability for longer than 12 months. Nine of the 12 services who commented on the impact of the NDIS expressed deep concern over problems in planning and other issues. Conclusions: The transition to NDIS has had a major impact on ACT service providers. The ACT was a best-case scenario as it was one of the NDIS pilot sites.
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May, Tamara, Mike Forrester, Murray Webber, Jacqueline Roberts, Michelle Spreckley, Adam Scheinberg, and Katrina Williams. "Current status, opportunities, challenges and the paediatrician's role as the National Disability Insurance Scheme rolls out across Australia." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 54, no. 1 (August 9, 2017): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13641.
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Marchbank, Alison M. "The National Disability Insurance Scheme: Administrators' Perspectives of Agency Transition to ‘User Pay’ for Early Intervention Service Delivery." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 42, no. 3 (September 2017): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.3.06.
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THE LAUNCH OF THE National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in Australia announced changes to the ways people with disabilities and families access services. These changes cover delivery of early childhood early intervention to families with infants and young children with disabilities. In July 2013, the NDIS was rolled out nationally in three pilot sites. This funded phenomenological study was conducted in one pilot rollout site with administrators from two agencies delivering such services. Analysis of the data identified factors that challenged professional practice and personal philosophy. The findings suggest that the long-term financial viability of community agencies is at risk. A crucial dilemma emerged concerning parent choice: to what extent does a ‘user pay’ system impose limitations to services being delivered in a family centred way?
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Summers, Michael P., and George Verikios. "Assistive technology pricing in Australia: is it efficient and equitable?" Australian Health Review 42, no. 1 (2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16042.
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Objective To examine available systematically collected evidence regarding prices for assistive technology (AT; e.g. disability aids and equipment) in Australia with other comparable countries. Issues of appropriate AT pricing are coming to the fore as a consequence of efforts to move to consumer-centric purchasing decisions with the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) and also in the recent aged care reforms. Methods We identified and present three sets of AT price comparisons. Two comparisons were based solely on the lowest prices advertised on the internet, and one comparison examined recommended retail prices. Variables essential to ensuring accurate comparisons, as well as significant supply-chain issues were also examined and considered in the analyses. Results The first internet-only price comparison found that overall AT prices were 38% higher in Australia compared to other countries, but did not factor in shipping and other related costs that are essential to include given that most AT is imported. The second internet-only price comparison found that overall Australian prices were 24% lower when shipping and related costs were included. The recommended retail price comparisons found that Australian prices were between 14% and 27% lower. Prices for internet-only retailers (those with no bricks-and-mortar presence) are consistently lower for all products than those sold by retailers with actual shop-fronts. Further, there is no evidence of suppliers earning supranormal profits in Australia. Conclusions The results indicate that AT prices in Australia are efficient and equitable, with no significant indicators of market failure which would require government intervention. Efforts to reduce prices through the excessive use of large-scale government procurement programs are likely to reduce diversity and innovation in AT and raise AT prices over time. Open markets and competition with centralised tracking of purchases and providers to minimise possible over-servicing/over-charging align well with the original intention of the NDIS, and are likely to yield the best outcomes for consumers at the lowest costs. What is known about the topic? Government-funded programs are used extensively to purchase AT because it is a primary enabler for people of all ages with disabilities. Perceptions of unreasonably high prices for AT in Australia are resulting in the widespread adoption of bulk purchasing and related strategies by governments. What does this paper add? Carefully undertaken systematic price comparisons between Australia and comparable Organization For Economic Cooperation and Development countries indicate that, on average, Australian prices are lower than elsewhere when delivery to Australia is taken into account. It was also found that prices at brick-and-mortar shops, with all the services they provide to ensure the appropriateness of the products provided to meet the consumers’ needs and goals, are substantially higher than Internet purchases in which the consumer bears all the risks and responsibilities for outcomes. What are the implications? Overuse of government bulk purchasing and similar arrangements will lead to less diversity in the available AT products, related services and retail outlets, resulting in less choice for consumers and higher risks of poor outcomes through less focus on matching consumers with the ‘right’ products for their needs and goals, and ultimately higher AT prices over time as competition is reduced to a few major suppliers.
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Macdonald, Fiona, Eleanor Bentham, and Jenny Malone. "Wage theft, underpayment and unpaid work in marketised social care." Economic and Labour Relations Review 29, no. 1 (February 22, 2018): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304618758252.
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Marketised models of social care provision in Australia are placing pressures on service providers and driving changes in work organisation and employer practices, with potential to degrade social care jobs. While international experience of marketised social care has demonstrated the vulnerability of social care workers to wage theft and other violations of employment laws, Australia’s relatively strong industrial relations safety net might be expected to be better able to protect these low-paid workers. Nevertheless, there is emerging evidence of negative impacts on the pay and entitlements of frontline workers in the expanding community support and homecare workforce. This study investigates the paid and unpaid work time of disability support workers under Australia’s new National Disability Insurance Scheme. The research takes a novel approach combining analysis of working day diaries and qualitative interviews with employees to expose how jobs are being fragmented and work is being organised into periods of paid and unpaid time, leaving employees paid below their minimum entitlement. The article highlights the role of social care policy along with inadequate employment regulation. JEL Codes: J390, J81, J88
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Wark, Stuart, Rafat Hussain, and Helen Edwards. "Assisting individuals ageing with learning disability: support worker perspectives." Tizard Learning Disability Review 20, no. 4 (October 5, 2015): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-02-2015-0008.
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Purpose – While ageing with an intellectual (learning) disability has been subject to increased research in recent years, there remains little knowledge regarding the daily practice issues that disability workers struggle most to support in this cohort. The purpose of this paper is to gain feedback directly from staff regarding the problems they experience in daily work, and to evaluate whether any changes to legislation or practice could potentially alleviate identified areas of concern. Design/methodology/approach – A Delphi project was conducted over three rounds with participants from rural areas of New South Wales (NSW). The panel was composed of support workers who assist people ageing with a learning disability. Participants were asked their perceptions of the main practice issues facing them while they provide support. Findings – The panel identified 29 issues that were considered problematic in the provision of support to people ageing with a learning disability. A thematic analysis indicated three main themes of access to services; time constraints; and funding. Research limitations/implications – The participants in this study were all disability workers employed by non-government organisations in rural NSW, and as such, many of the issues identified may be specific to this population cohort and geographic setting. Any generalisation of these results to other locations or populations must be considered within these limitations. Originality/value – Identification of the issues facing disability staff may facilitate government, health care providers and disability organisations to proactively plan to address current and future problem areas. The consequent effect of improving practices can assist individuals to receive better support and lead to a corresponding improvement in their quality of life. The current implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme in Australia is an ideal opportunity for cross-sectoral collaboration to change practice to facilitate better support for a highly vulnerable group of the community.
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Diminic, S., E. Hielscher, M. G. Harris, Y. Y. Lee, J. Kealton, and H. A. Whiteford. "A profile of Australian mental health carers, their caring role and service needs: results from the 2012 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 28, no. 6 (August 31, 2018): 670–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796018000446.
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AbstractAimsPlanning mental health carer services requires information about the number of carers, their characteristics, service use and unmet support needs. Available Australian estimates vary widely due to different definitions of mental illness and the types of carers included. This study aimed to provide a detailed profile of Australian mental health carers using a nationally representative household survey.MethodsThe number of mental health carers, characteristics of carers and their care recipients, caring hours and tasks provided, service use and unmet service needs were derived from the national 2012 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers. Co-resident carers of adults with a mental illness were compared with those caring for people with physical health and other cognitive/behavioural conditions (e.g., autism, intellectual disability, dementia) on measures of service use, service needs and aspects of their caring role.ResultsIn 2012, there were 225 421 co-resident carers of adults with mental illness in Australia, representing 1.0% of the population, and an estimated further 103 813 mental health carers not living with their care recipient. The majority of co-resident carers supported one person with mental illness, usually their partner or adult child. Mental health carers were more likely than physical health carers to provide emotional support (68.1%v.19.7% of carers) and less likely to assist with practical tasks (64.1%v.86.6%) and activities of daily living (31.9%v.48.9%). Of co-resident mental health carers, 22.5% or 50 828 people were confirmed primary carers – the person providing the most support to their care recipient. Many primary mental health carers (37.8%) provided more than 40 h of care per week. Only 23.8% of primary mental health carers received government income support for carers and only 34.4% received formal service assistance in their caring role, while 49.0% wanted more support. Significantly more primary mental health than primary physical health carers were dissatisfied with received services (20.0%v.3.2%), and 35.0% did not know what services were available to them.ConclusionsResults reveal a sizable number of mental health carers with unmet needs in the Australian community, particularly with respect to financial assistance and respite care, and that these carers are poorly informed about available supports. The prominence of emotional support and their greater dissatisfaction with services indicate a need to better tailor carer services. If implemented carefully, recent Australian reforms including the Carer Gateway and National Disability Insurance Scheme hold promise for improving mental health carer supports.
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Schweizer, Richard, Ellen Marks, and Rob Ramjan. "One Door Mental Health Lived Experience Framework." Mental Health and Social Inclusion 22, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhsi-10-2017-0040.
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Purpose Recently, the importance of a lived experience workforce in the delivery of mental health services has been demonstrated. The roll-out of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in Australia has generated the need for a significant increase in the disability workforce, including psychosocial disability. The purpose of this paper is to describe the strategies outlined in the One Door Mental Health Lived Experience Framework (LEF), which is the culmination of over 30 years of experience in providing mental health services and the employment of a lived experience workforce. Design/methodology/approach One Door developed and implemented the LEF, a thorough guide to the employment and support of a workforce of people with lived experience of mental illness, through consultation with consumers, carers, stakeholders, practice advisors, management, human resources and employee focus groups. Findings Extensive support structures in the LEF are key to achieving the benefits of a lived experience workforce. The LEF has positioned One Door successfully for the achievement of key organisational goals in mental health support and advocacy. Research limitations/implications Mental health policies and support are critical for productivity outcomes in any workplace regardless of the level of lived experience of the employees. This paper provides organisations, particularly those within the mental health sector, an example to build on in their own employment and support strategies. Originality/value This paper is of particular value in the context of organisations in the mental health sector transitioning to the NDIS.
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Mozolic-Staunton, Beth, Josephine Barbaro, Jacqui Yoxall, and Michelle Donelly. "Monitoring children’s development in early childhood education settings to promote early detection of autism." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 46, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1836939121998085.
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Autism is a developmental condition that can be detected in early childhood. Early intervention can improve outcomes, though many children are not identified until they reach primary school. Early childhood educators are well placed to monitor children’s development and identify those who may benefit from additional supports, though implementation of standardised tools and processes is limited. The National Disability Insurance Scheme in Australia has increased the onus on educators to support families to access funded services. A workshop on evidence-informed practice in early detection for autism was provided for early childhood professionals. The theory of practice architectures informed development and analysis of pre- and post-workshop surveys to explore changes in early childhood educators’ perspectives on factors influencing universal developmental monitoring and referrals to early intervention supports using an evidence-based tool, the Social Attention and Communication Surveillance-Revised (SACS-R). Post-workshop increases in early childhood educators’ perceived knowledge and confidence are evident, though recent policy reforms present challenges. Population surveillance using SACS-R in early childhood education is effective for identification and referral for children who have autism, and capacity building for professionals to use SACS-R is recommended.
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Dickinson, Helen, and Gemma Carey. "Managing care integration during the implementation of large-scale reforms." Journal of Integrated Care 25, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-07-2016-0026.
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Purpose The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is a new program for the provision of support to people with disabilities in Australia. The purpose of this paper is to explore the early implementation experience of this scheme, with a particular focus on the implications of this scheme for issues of care integration. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 policymakers in the Commonwealth government charged with the design and implementation of the NDIS. Findings The authors find somewhat of a lack of clarity concerning the boundaries of the NDIS and how it will work with a range of different services in the provision of seamless and consumer-directed care. Many of the same kinds of debates about interfaces with services were detected in this study as have been highlighted in relation to UK individual funding schemes. If the NDIS is truly to support individuals with disabilities to achieve choice and control, important work will need to be undertaken in to overcome organizational and institutional boundaries. Originality/value There is little empirical data relating to the implementation of the NDIS to date. This is the first study to explore boundary issues in relation to care integration.
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Cooke, Martin. "Policy Changes and the Labour Force Participation of Older Workers: Evidence from Six Countries." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 25, no. 4 (2006): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cja.2007.0015.
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ABSTRACTIn response to the anticipated pressures of population aging, national governments and supranational bodies such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU) have promoted policies to encourage the labour force participation of older workers. The recent elimination of mandatory retirement in Ontario is an example of such a policy, and others include changes to national pension systems and changes to disability and employment insurance programs, active labour-market policies, and the promotion of phased or gradual retirement. This paper reviews the different policy approaches taken in the six countries included in the Workforce Aging in the New Economy (WANE) project, placing Canadian policy approaches in relation to those taken in Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. From the life course perspective, the policy approaches discussed here do not consider the heterogeneity of older workers' life courses or the related domains of health and family. As well, the changes made thus far do not appear likely to lead to increased labour force participation by older workers, and some may leave older workers at greater risk of low income and low-wage work.
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Marchbank, Alison M. "Repositioning: New Storylines for Preschool Teachers and Children With Developmental Delays." Journal of Early Intervention 41, no. 3 (February 19, 2019): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053815119830064.
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In Australia, the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) was rolled out in pilot sites in 2013. This article reports a formative study conducted with qualified preschool teachers in one site in a context of change. The NDIS has been hailed in the media as a bold move to deliver more choice of services to people with disabilities and incorporates the delivery of early intervention (EI) services into its portfolio. As established EI agencies became providers for the scheme, local referral networks changed substantially. Children needed to establish eligibility for the scheme prior to families’ entry. Fourteen preschool teachers responded to an online survey, and four opted in for this study, which used positioning theory and a constructivist approach. Online surveys and interviews were conducted in 2 months at the end of the 3-year pilot phase. Findings suggest that teachers detecting developmental delays (DDs) in 4-year-old children needed to reposition themselves away from the rights and duties of the developmental expert to develop timely collaborative relationships with parents if the dominant storylines of early detection, medical confirmation, and the benefits of EI for families were to remain in the foreground.
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Riggs, Anne. "The Light Inside: A Reflection on an Art Program, Traumatised Women and Thriving during the 2020 Pandemic." Space and Culture, India 10, no. 3 (November 28, 2022): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v10i3.1184.
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COVID-19 and the lockdown are not the worst things to have been imposed upon the people with whom I work. In fact, their lives marinated in childhood sexual trauma, abuse, neglect, family violence, severe mental ill health, and/or disability, have prepared them well for isolation, self-reliance, and uncertainty. Deep wells of resilience, coping skills and an outlook on life formed in the shadow of trauma has enabled these women to manage the impact of the virus much better than they or I expected at the start of the pandemic lockdown. However, that is not to say it has been all smooth sailing. This study reflects on some of the inner and external resources that supported women through this. As users of this service receive National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) funding, it is valuable to reflect upon how its continued active support of users assists them and helps minimise the multiple losses and effects of the lockdown and virus. This is a case study of one small art service being provided to women in Melbourne, Australia. It explores how COVID-19 has impacted them, some of their losses, and their desires for the future post-lockdown. Its focus is on the threads that have woven a sense of community through this service and how women who have never met each other have provided practical and emotional support to each other to alleviate some of the adverse effects of the virus. It speaks to the artist's contributions, the NDIS, and the service provided in enabling those who could have expected to be overwhelmed and severely impacted by this situation, if not to flourish during this time, at least not sink into despair and depression.
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Brown, Mark G., Glenda M. Bishop, Di Winkler, and Jacinta M. Douglas. "Young people in Australian residential aged care: evaluating trends from 2008 to 2018." Australian Health Review 44, no. 6 (2020): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah19172.
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ObjectiveOver the past decade, various programs and reforms have targeted the issue of people aged <65 years living in ‘permanent’ residential aged care (PRAC). As context for ongoing policy discourse, the aim of this study was to evaluate trends in rates of young people entering and leaving PRAC from 2008 to 2018. MethodsCounts of people aged <65 years entering, remaining in and exiting PRAC were obtained from the National Aged Care Data Clearinghouse. Age standardisation was used to control for changes in the age and size of the Australian population. Annual age-standardised rates of admissions (subtracting transfers) and exits to the community were calculated. Linear regression models tested for a sustained increase or decrease in age-standardised rates nationally and within state and age subgroups. ResultsNotwithstanding year-to-year variation, neither admissions (subtracting transfers) nor exits to the community showed statistically significant increasing or decreasing trends in the national age-standardised rates. Admission rates varied by age and state. ConclusionsMany more young people are admitted to PRAC each year than return to community living, with no sustained change between 2008 and 2018 at the national level. Age standardisation is crucial for evaluating systemic population-level change regarding younger people in PRAC. What is known about the topic?As at June 2018, over 6000 people aged <65 years still live in PRAC in Australia. Previous research has demonstrated that this cohort experiences a much poorer quality of life on average than people of similar age and disability who reside in other community settings. Various strategies for improving outcomes have been trialled, many aiming to reduce the number of younger people living in aged care; the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) also has this among its aims. What does this paper add?This paper reports trends in the number of young people entering and exiting aged care, after statistically controlling for changes due to population growth and aging. The paper highlights that national admission rates did not increase or decrease in a sustained manner, and that most of those admitted never return to community living before turning 65 years of age. What are the implications for practitioners?Programs and policies aimed at reducing the number of young people in aged care must grapple with the scale of the issue and its apparent resistance to amelioration over the past 10 years. The results of this study provide a benchmark against which to judge the future impact of the NDIS.
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Pham, Clarabelle, Tiffany K. Gill, Elizabeth Hoon, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Deirdre Whitford, John Lynch, and Justin Beilby. "Profiling bone and joint problems and health service use in an Australian regional population: The Port Lincoln Health Study." Australian Health Review 37, no. 4 (2013): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13064.
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Objectives To describe the burden of bone and joint problems (BJP) in a defined regional population, and to identify characteristics and service-usage patterns. Methods In 2010, a health census of adults aged ≥15 years was conducted in Port Lincoln, South Australia. A follow-up computer-assisted telephone interview provided more specific information about those with BJP. Results Overall, 3350 people (42%) reported current BJP. General practitioners (GP) were the most commonly used provider (85%). People with BJP were also 85% more likely to visit chiropractors, twice as likely to visit physiotherapists and 34% more likely to visit Accident and Emergency or GP out of hours (compared with the rest of the population). Among the phenotypes, those with BJP with co-morbidities were more likely to visit GP, had a significantly higher mean pain score and higher levels of depression or anxiety compared with those with BJP only. Those with BJP only were more likely to visit physiotherapists. Conclusions GP were significant providers for those with co-morbidities, the group who also reported higher levels of pain and mental distress. GP have a central role in effectively managing this phenotype within the BJP population including linking allied health professionals with general practice to manage BJP more efficiently. What is known about the topic? As a highly prevalent group of conditions that are likely to impact on health-related quality of life and are a common cause of severe long-term disability, musculoskeletal conditions place a significant burden on individuals and the health system. However, far less is known about access and usage of musculoskeletal-related health services and programs in Australia. What does this paper add? As a result of analysing the characteristics of the overall BJP population, as well as phenotypes within it, a greater understanding of patterns of health service interactions, care pathways and opportunities for targeted improvements in delivery of care may be identified. The results emphasise that participants with BJP utilised the services of a narrow range of providers, which may have workforce implications for these sectors. The funding models for physiotherapists and chiropractors in Australia involve a mix of private and fees for service, which limits access to those who have private health insurance or can pay directly for these services. What are the implications for practitioners? These analyses indicate the importance of linking allied health professionals with general practice to manage BJP more efficiently. Alternative and appropriate care pathways need to be more strongly developed and identified for effective management of these conditions rather than relying on a traditional range of practitioners. Alternatively, greater ease of access to allied health practitioners may enable more effective treatment and improved quality of life for those with BJP. There is an urgent need to develop an effective population-based model of integrated care for BJP within regional Australia.
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Clarkson, Claudia, Kobie Boshoff, and Jocelyn Kernot. "Occupational Therapy Interventions for Adolescents: A Scoping Review." Allied Health Scholar 2, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 51–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21913/tahs.v2i1.1575.
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Aim and Background: Occupations are everyday activities that help occupy our time and provide us with a sense of purpose in life. Adolescence is a unique stage of life when individuals experience occupational change that assists with preparation for adulthood. Participation in occupations is linked to health and wellbeing. Existing literature on occupational participation appears to combine adolescents’ and children’s experiences. Due to the unique nature of adolescence and an increased focus on service development and re-design for all age groups in Australia since the implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme, this scoping review sought to explore Occupational Therapy interventions that promote adolescents’ participation in everyday occupations. Design and Methods: A systematic search of eight databases for peer reviewed papers published between 2008 and 2018 was conducted. The PRISMA guidelines were used to guide the review processes. Study selection criteria focussed
on Occupational Therapy interventions promoting participation in everyday occupations for adolescents (between 10 to 19 years of age). The data was charted and synthesised to identify key features of the interventions. Results: The 26 included studies revealed various intervention types and adolescent groups. The majority of the interventions targeted adolescents with physical disabilities and autism spectrum disorder. Many studies focussed on promoting functional independence in work, personal care, social participation and health management. Features of interventions include collaborative (with the adolescent and family) intervention goal setting and evaluation processes, as well as the use of technology. The majority of the papers reported positive outcomes, however mixed results were also identified. The findings provide guidance for adolescent service development and re-design by identifying the areas of occupation and features of programs, documented in Occupational Therapy-specific literature. Future reviews can extend our understanding further by incorporating by including publications that focus on assessment and other roles of Occupational Therapists.
Keywords: participation, occupation, Occupational Therapy, adolescents
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Sims-Jenkins, Charity. "The national disability insurance scheme: an Australian public policy experiment." Research and Practice in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 8, no. 2 (July 3, 2021): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23297018.2021.1980735.
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Hamilton, Debra, Nicola Hancock, Justin Newton Scanlan, and Michelle Banfield. "The National Disability Insurance Scheme and people with severe and persistent mental illness/psychosocial disability: A review, analysis and synthesis of published literature." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 12 (October 28, 2020): 1162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867420967747.
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Objectives: The aim of this scoping review was to map and synthesise peer-reviewed literature reporting on the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme and psychosocial disability. Method: The review followed the rigorous and systematic protocol of Arksey and O’Malley. Five databases were searched and, using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, publications were identified for inclusion. Data were extracted from publications, tabulated and graphically presented. A qualitative analysis was also completed. Results: Twenty-eight publications were included. While a wide range of issues were covered across this literature, only eight publications specifically focused on the National Disability Insurance Scheme. Almost half of publications were only author commentary without analysis of external data. There were no evaluations and a paucity of publications documenting the lived experiences of people with psychosocial disability or their families. Qualitative analysis identified 59 separate themes. These were grouped using a modified strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats framework. While it was acknowledged that the Scheme has the capacity to enrich people’s lives and enhance service integration, themes relating to weakness and threats dominated within this literature. These included a variety of existing or predicted problems such as poor integration of a recovery philosophy into the National Disability Insurance Scheme, complex application processes creating barriers to access, concern for those ineligible or not accessing the National Disability Insurance Scheme, the need to ensure National Disability Insurance Scheme plans address specific, changing participant needs and that services will be available to provide required supports. Conclusion: Given the significant impact of the National Disability Insurance Scheme on the lives of individuals and the wider mental health service system, there continues to be surprisingly limited peer-reviewed literature reporting on experiences and outcomes of the Scheme for people living with psychosocial disability. Future research examining outcomes and shedding light on National Disability Insurance Scheme experiences of people with psychosocial disability and their families are particularly important for ongoing development and evaluation of the Scheme.
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Carey, Gemma, Eleanor Malbon, Sue Olney, and Daniel Reeders. "The personalisation agenda: the case of the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme." International Review of Sociology 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2018.1425084.
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May, Tamara, Jacqueline Roberts, Murray Webber, Michelle Spreckley, Adam Scheinberg, Mike Forrester, and Katrina Williams. "Brief history and user's guide to the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 54, no. 2 (October 14, 2017): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13748.
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Treanor, David. "Does the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme enhance personal quality of life?" Research and Practice in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 5, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23297018.2017.1408420.
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Hayward, Brent A., Lisa McKay-Brown, and Shiralee Poed. "Positive behaviour support in Australian disability policy, and its future with the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)." Research and Practice in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 6, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23297018.2018.1498299.
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Do, Phuong Lan. "How well does the National Disability Insurance Scheme respond to the issues challenging Indigenous people with disability?" Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 29, no. 4 (December 2, 2017): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol29iss4id281.
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INTRODUCTION: The participation rates of Indigenous Australians in disability services were significantly lower than the prevalence of disability in Indigenous communities. The Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) promises changes to the lives of Australians with disability in general and particularly for the Indigenous population living with disability. This article presents research exploring how the NDIS takes into consideration the issues challenging Indigenous people’s access to, and use of, disability services.METHODS: The theoretical underpinning of the research drew on the social model of disability and post-colonial theory, which informed a systematic review of disability services for Indigenous people, an analysis of the current policy-making process and current NDIS legislation.FINDINGS: The systematic literature review revealed the social, attitudinal, physical and communication barriers experienced by Indigenous people accessing and using disability services; however, the policy analysis of the NDIS indicates that the new legislation does not address these challenges faced by this multi-disadvantaged Australian population group.CONCLUSION: This research highlights the urgent need for disability policy improvements and promotes further design of culturally appropriate healthcare for Indigenous populations, who are still “disabled”, not only by colonised histories but also through contemporary socio-economic marginalization.
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Black, Margaret Elizabeth, Lynda Roslyn Matthews, and Michael J. Millington. "Claimants’ views on total and permanent disability insurance claims." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 11, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-02-2018-0022.
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PurposeThis study aims to investigate Australian claimants’ experience of the total and permanent disability (TPD) insurance claims process and documents their recommendations for improvement.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative methodology was used. In all, 12 claimants with finalized TPD claims were recruited via their superannuation fund. Data collected from in-depth interviews were thematically analyzed and reported using the COREQ checklist. Extracts from verbatim transcription were included to represent the claimant without bias.FindingsMost interviewees described a flawed claims process in which important information was withheld or unclear, procedures were complicated and arduous, communication was poor and frequent need for “chasing up” was frustrating. The claims process undermined the well-being of many interviewees at a critical time in their adjustment to disability. Lump sum payment yielded unexpected consequences for ten interviewees. Some interviewees retained a desire to work despite serious disability.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of purposive sampling means that findings may not represent the experience of all claimants with finalized TPD claims. Saturation of knowledge was reached despite the relatively small number of in-depth interviews conducted. In the absence of previous research, this study identifies areas of concern in the TPD claimant experience and posits a set of important claimant issues for further investigation.Practical implicationsA person-centred approach is needed. Claimants would benefit from introduction of clear process information, a single point-of-contact throughout claim, advocacy/support and rehabilitation.Originality/valueThis inaugural study provides an understanding of challenges faced by TPD claimants. All interviewees provided suggestions for improvement in the TPD claims process.
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Townsend, Clare, Paul White, Jennifer Cullen, Courtney J. Wright, and Heidi Zeeman. "Making every Australian count: challenges for the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) and the equal inclusion of homeless Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples with neurocognitive disability." Australian Health Review 42, no. 2 (2018): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16229.
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This article highlights the dearth of accurate evidence available to inform the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) regarding the extent and nature of neurocognitive disability amongst homeless Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Without accurate prevalence rates of neurocognitive disability, homeless Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are in danger of not being counted by the NDIS and not receiving supports to which they are entitled. Addressing this knowledge gap is challenged by a range of factors, including: (1) the long-term effect of profound intergenerational disenfranchisement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people; (2) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural perspectives around disability; (3) the generally unrecognised and poorly understood nature of neurocognitive disability; (4) the use of research methods that are not culturally safe; (5) research logistics; and (6) the absence of culturally appropriate assessment tools to identify prevalence. It is argued that an accurate evidence base that is informed by culturally safe research methods and assessment tools is needed to accurately guide the Commonwealth government and the National Disability Insurance Agency about the expected level of need for the NDIS. Research within this framework will contribute to the realisation of a truly inclusive NDIS.
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Baines, Donna, Fiona Macdonald, and Jim Stanford. "Zero-sum social policy: going gig and the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme." Studies in Political Economy 101, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2020.1738778.
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