Relevant bibliographies by topics / Disability and Functional Capacity

Academic literature on the topic 'Disability and Functional Capacity'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Disability and Functional Capacity"

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Kubal, Swati V., and Kshitija S. Ghole. "Correlation of Exercise Capacity with Functional Disability in Patients with Osteoarthritis of Knee." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 9, no. 4 (July 11, 2021): 3883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2021.136.

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Introduction: Osteoarthritis of knee is a progressive joint disease which produces pain, inflammation and destruction of joint which in turn leads to range of motion limitation and walking disabilities. Affection in physical functioning is determined not only by just activities involving lower limb capacity but also by the activities which require use of upper extremities. Hence in this study, 6MWD and no. of rings moved in 6 minutes were taken as an outcome measures for determining the exercise capacity. KOOS is a self-administered questionnaire which was used in its cross culturally adapted format for determining the functional disability in patients. Objectives: 1. To study correlation of exercise capacity with functional disability in patients with osteoarthritis of knee. 2. To study correlation of upper limb exercise capacity with lower limb exercise capacity in patients with osteoarthritis of knee. Methods: Cross sectional, observational study including 30 patients of either gender having unilateral osteoarthritis of knee conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Results: No. of rings moved in 6 minutes and global KOOS score showed no statistically significant correlation. 6MWD and global KOOS score showed no statistically significant correlation. 6 minute walk distance and 6 minute peg board ring test showed no statistically significant correlation. Conclusion: The study suggests that there is no correlation of exercise capacity with functional disability in patients with osteoarthritis of knee. Also, there is no correlation found between upper limb exercise capacity and lower limb exercise capacity in patients with osteoarthritis of knee. KEY WORDS: Knee osteoarthritis, Knee pain, squat depth, functional disability, cardiorespiratory endurance, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Quality of life.
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Randolph, David Charles. "Functional capacity evaluation and disability management." Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 7, no. 3 (November 1, 1996): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bmr-1996-7309.

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Pransky, Glenn. "Clinical Update: Functional Capacity Evaluations and Disability." Guides Newsletter 3, no. 2 (March 1, 1998): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.1998.marapr02.

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Abstract According to the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, a functional capacity evaluation (FCE) measures an individual's physical abilities via a set of activities in a structured setting and provides objective data about the relationship between an impairment and maximal ability to perform work activities. A key distinction between FCEs and self-reported activities of daily living is that the former involve direct observation by professional evaluators. Numerous devices can quantify the physical function of a specific part of the musculoskeletal system but do not address the performance of whole body tasks in the workplace, and these devices have not been shown to predict accurately the ability to perform all but the simplest job tasks. Information about reliability has been proposed as a way to identify magnification and malingering, but variability due to pain and poor comprehension of instructions may cause variations in assessments. Structured work capacity evaluations involve a set of activities but likely underestimate the individual's ability to do jobs that involve complex or varying activities. Job simulations involve direct observation of an individual performing actual job tasks, require a skilled and experienced evaluator, and raise questions about expense, time, objectivity and validity of results, and interpretation of results in terms of the ability to perform specific jobs. To understand the barriers to return to work, examiners must supplement FCEs with information regarding workplace environment, accommodations, and demotivators.
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Vasudevan, Sridhar V. "Role of functional capacity assessment in disability evaluation." Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 6, no. 3 (May 1, 1996): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bmr-1996-6305.

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Taglietti, Marcelo, and Celeide Pinto Aguiar Peres. "Exercise capacity and pulmonary function in individuals with leprosy." Fisioterapia em Movimento 27, no. 1 (March 2014): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-5150.027.001.ao03.

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Introduction In Brazil 23% of leprosy patients have some type of physical disability after discharge. The impact on the respiratory system and correlation with functional exercise capacity is still unknown. Objective To correlate the functional exercise capacity and pulmonary function in individuals with leprosy sequelae. Materials and methods We evaluated 20 subjects and 25 controls by sensory evaluation, muscle strength, graduate the grade of physical disability followed by pulmonary function tests with spirometry and manovacuometry, besides the functional exercise capacity through the six minute walking distance (6MWD). Results The majority (75%) of the subjects showed physical disability grade 1. The mean of the maximal inspiratory pressure were below than normal -71 ± 31 cmH20 and maximal expiratory pressure +89 ± 22 cmH20. Spirometric values presented measures within normal value. The functional exercise capacity found a reduced value with a distance of 404 ± 92m. Positive and statistically significant correlation between the inspiratory pressures with 6MWD (r = 0.49, p = 0.025) and, similarly, expiratory pressure (r = 0.53, p = 0.004). The same evidence is found in maximal respiratory pressures of individuals in grade 1 with significant correlations (r = 0.52, p = 0.036) and (r = 0.51, p = 0.042). Conclusion Individuals with leprosy sequelae had impaired respiratory muscle strength and functional exercise capacity. Maximal respiratory pressures are presented as an independent factor in the change in performance in the functional exercise capacity.
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White, L. J., S. C. McCoy, V. Castellano, G. Gutierrez, J. E. Stevens, G. A. Walter, and K. Vandenborne. "Resistance training improves strength and functional capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 10, no. 6 (December 2004): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1352458504ms1088oa.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an eight-week progressive resistance training programme on lower extremity strength, ambulatory function, fatigue and self-reported disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (mean disability score 3.79-0.8). Eight MS subjects volunteered for twice weekly training sessions. During the first two weeks, subjects completed one set of 8 -10 reps at 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of knee flexion, knee extension and plantarflexion exercises. In subsequent sessions, the subjects completed one set of 10 -15 repetitions at 70% of MVC. The resistance was increased by 2 -5% when subjects completed 15 repetitions in consecutive sessions. Isometric strength of the quadriceps, hamstring, plantarflexor and dorsiflexor muscle groups was assessed before and after the training programme using an isokinetic dynamometer. Magnetic resonance images of the thigh were acquired before and after the exercise programme as were walking speed (25-ft), number of steps in 3 min, and self-reported fatigue and disability. Knee extension (7.4%), plantarflexion (52%) and stepping performance (8.7%) increased significantly (PB-0.05). Self-reported fatigue decreased (PB-0.05) and disability tended to decrease (P -0.07) following the training programme. MS patients are capable of making positive adaptations to resistance training that are associated with improved ambulation and decreased fatigue.
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Naila de Souza, Glenda, Cristina Pellegrino Baena, Jennifer Cristina Rabbers Vasconcelos, and Auristela Duarte de Lima Moser. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AND HANDGRIP STRENGTH IN PEOPLE WITH DIABETES MELLITUS." Cogitare Enfermagem, no. 27 (September 28, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/ce.v27i0.87195.

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Objective: to investigate the association between handgrip strength and functional capacity in people with diabetes. Method: observational cross-sectional study with 168 participants seen at an outpatient clinic in Curitiba, Brazil, in 2019. Clinical, sociodemographic, and socioeconomic data were collected, and the following protocols were applied: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule; Timed Up and Go; and dynamometry. For the analysis, multiple linear regression models were adjusted for the dependent variables related to functional capacity. Results: we observed mild disability, borderline functional mobility, and higher correlation between functional mobility scale and handgrip strength (r=-0.384; p < 0.01). Handgrip strength with other covariates explained less than 30% of the functional variability. Conclusion: these results contribute to the problem-solving of clinical practice in that they show that muscle strength and functional capacity should be considered in the evaluation of the patient in combination, making it clearer and more comprehensive.
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Danielewicz, Ana Lúcia, Aline Rodrigues Barbosa, and Giovâni Firpo Del Duca. "Nutritional status, physical performance and functional capacity in an elderly population in southern Brazil." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 60, no. 3 (June 2014): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.60.03.0013.

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Objective: to investigate the association between nutritional status and functional limitation and disability in an elderly population in southern Brazil. Methods: epidemiological, cross-sectional household-based study carried out with 477 elderly of both sexes (60 to 100 years). Body mass index (BMI) served to assess the nutritional status: underweight (BMI < 22 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI > 27 kg/m2). The sum score (0-5) obtained in three tests: "chair stand" and "pick up a pen" (measured by time) and standing balance (four static measurements) assessed the functional limitation. The disability was evaluated by the difficulty in performing one or more self-reported tasks related to basic activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Crude and adjusted analyzes (3 models) were carried out using Poisson regression; prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: crude analyzes showed a positive association between underweight and functional limitation (PR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.63 to 4.51); overweight and disability in ADLs (PR = 2.20, CI 95% = 1.44 to 3.35); overweight and disability in IADLs (PR = 1.56, CI 95% = 1.20 to 2.03). The additional adjustments for gender, age, level of education, living arrangements, current work, cognitive function and number of morbidities reduced the strength of the associations, without changing the statistical strength. Conclusion: nutritional status is a factor that is independently and positively associated with functional limitation and disability. We recommend the use of this indicator to monitor the health of the elderly.
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Cerón Lorente, Laura, María Carmen García Ríos, Santiago Navarro Ledesma, Rosa María Tapia Haro, Antonio Casas Barragán, María Correa-Rodríguez, and María Encarnación Aguilar Ferrándiz. "Functional Status and Body Mass Index in Postmenopausal Women with Fibromyalgia: A Case–control Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 16, 2019): 4540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224540.

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Reduced functional capacity is a common characteristic of fibromyalgia (FMS). We aimed to investigate the relationship between functional status and body mass index (BMI) in a population with and without FMS. A pilot case–control study was performed in 34 women with FMS and 22 healthy controls which were classified according to their BMI. The main outcome measures were: Balance (MiniBestest, One Leg Stance Test), functional mobility (Timed up and Go), physical disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index), spinal range of motion (Spinal Mouse), level of physical activity at work (Leisure Time Physical Activity Instrument), and home and leisure time (Physical Activity at Home and Work). Statistical differences were observed between overweight/obese healthy controls and women with FMS for several indicators of functional capacity. FMS patients reported worse dynamic (p = 0.001) and static balance (right: p = 0.002, left: p = 0.001), poorer functional mobility (p = 0.008), and higher levels of physical disability (p = 0.001). Functional status is altered in FMS women compared to the healthy control group, independently of nutritional status; therefore, BMI is unlikely to play a main role in functional capacity indicators in postmenopausal FMS women. Only dynamic balance seems to reduce the obesity status in this population.
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Matheson, Leonard N., Susan J. Isernhagen, and Dennis L. Hart. "Functional capacity evaluation as a facilitator of social security disability program reform." Work 10, no. 1 (1998): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-1998-10112.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Disability and Functional Capacity"

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Kragnienė, Inga. "Skirtingos fizinės negalios neįgaliųjų plaukikų požiūris į klasifikacijos sistemą ir galimybės siekti rezultatų." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080618_125536-62354.

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Klasifikacijos pagrindinis tikslas - užtikrinti lygiavertį neįgaliųjų plaukikų su skirtingoms fizinėmis negalėmis dalyvavimą varžybose. Lygiavertiškumo įvertinimas yra labai sudėtingas procesas, dėl to vis dar tęsiasi mokslininkų diskusijos ieškant naujų tyrimo metodų, kaip išanalizuoti ir objektyviai įvertinti skirtingos negalios plaukikų galimybes dalyvauti neįgaliųjų plaukime. Tyrimo objektas – skirtingų fizinių negalių neįgalieji plaukikai. Dėl vis besitesinčios diskusijos apie klasifikacijos problemas ir išsamesnių tyrimų trūkumo, funkcinės plaukimo klasifikacinės sistemos tyrimai išlieka aktualūs ir reikšmingi. Dėl to, kad mažai tyrinėtas neįgaliųjų požiūris į klasifikacijos sistemą ir netyrinėtas treniruočių poveikis skirtingos negalios plaukikų rezultatams buvo suformuluotos tokios hipotezės: • skirtingos fizinės negalios plaukikų požiūris į klasifikacijos sistemą turėtų būti teigiamas; • skirtingos fizinės negalios tipo, bet tos pačios klasės plaukikų aerobinio pajėgumo rodikliai ir plaukimo rezultatai turėtų būti panašūs. Šio darbo tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti ir įvertinti skirtingos fizinės negalios tipo plaukikų požiūrį ir galimybes dalyvauti neįgaliųjų plaukime, aerobinio pajėgumo rodiklių ir plaukimo rezultatų kitimo aspektais. Šiam tiksliu pasiekti buvo iškelta keletas uždavinių: 1. nustatyti ir įvertinti neįgaliųjų plaukikų požiūrį į klasifikacinę sistemą ir galimybes dalyvauti plaukime; 2. nustatyti ir įvertinti aštuonių savaičių trukmės treniruočių įtaką... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Sport classification systems help to ensure that competition is equitable and individuals who, do so because of training and talent and not because their disability happens to be less severe then their opponents. For international competition the system changes. Since the late 1980”s international swimming for athletes with disabilities has used a functional classification system. It was a lot of proble in this disability system. Disability swimming is a complex social system with many individual actors interaction with each other to fulfill specific functions that are necessary to optimize disability swimming as a viable part of the disability sport movement. The purpose of this study was to determine of physical disable swimmer side and possibilities have a good result. Hypothesis of the research: • Sport classification system mast to help the person with different physical disable in the game; • the person with different physical disable in the same S4 class capacity mast to be the equable. The goals of this study: 1. ascertains and evaluate disabled swimmer side to classification systems; 2. ascertains and evaluate eight weeks aerobics training effect for S4 class disable swimmer; 3. ascertains and evaluate functional swimmers classification system capacity for S4 class different physical ddisable. Methods: • questioned; ��� testing; • exsperiment; • mathematical statistics. The research were carried out in Lithuanian academy of physical education in laboratory. In... [to full text]
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SUBRAMANIAN, ANAND. "DEVELOPING MTM MODIFIERS FOR TASKS PERFORMED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH PERMANENT PARTIAL DISABILITY OF THE FINGERS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186662098.

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Steffensen, Birgit F. "Functional ability in non-ambulatory people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy or spinal muscular atrophy assessed with the EK scale /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-252-3.

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Lamarca, Casado Rosa. "Gender diferences in the association between disability and mortality in the elderly." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7097.

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Aquesta tesi avalua l'existència de diferencies per gènere en la relació entre discapacitat i mortalitat, i aspectes metodològics en l'anàlisi de supervivènciad'estudis de gent gran. Es van utilitzar les dades provinents d'una cohort de 1.315 subjectes amb edats superiors o iguals a 65 anys que van ser seguits durant un periode de 8 anys. La discapacitat es va mesurar mitjançant la capacitat que declarava l'individu per dur a terme activitats de la vida diària bàsiques.
La discapacitat va evolucionar al llarg del temps empitjorant amb l'edat, però una proporció no menyspreable va ser capaç de recuperar-se. Es van observar diferències per gènere en l'evolució de la discapacitat: les dones tenien més dificultats en recuperar la seva capacitat funcional un cop esdevenien discapacitades. La força de l'associació entre la discapacitat i la mortalitat disminuia a edats avançades. Es van trobar diferencies per sexe: les dones depenents mostraven un risc de morir més alt que el homes depenents.
Polítiques de salut dirigides a dones discapacitades haurien de ser implementades degut a la proporció més elevada de dones discapacitades, la probabilitat menor que tenen de recuperar la capacitat funcional, i el risc de morir més elevat que presenten comparat amb homes dicapacitats.
This thesis evaluates the existence of gender differences in the relationship between disability and mortality, as well as methodological aspects of the survival analysis for elderly studies. Data from a cohort of 1,315 subjects aged 65 years and older followed-up 8 years was used. Disability was assessed by self-reported difficulty to perform basic activities of daily living.
Disability evolved over time worsening with age, but a non-negligible proportion was able to recover. There were gender differences in the evolution of disability: women were less able to regain functional capacity once they become disabled. The strength of the association between disability and mortality decreased in the older ages. But differences by gender were found: dependent elderly women showed a higher risk of dying compared to dependent men.
Health policies focusing on disabled women should be implemented, due to the higher proportion of disabled women, the lower probability of regaining functional capacity, and their higher risk of dying compared to disabled men.
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Pepera, Garyfallia K. "Assessments of functional capacity in cardiac rehabilitation." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536959.

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Hamilton, Arthur. "India and Intellectual Disability: An Intersectional Comparison of Disability Rights Law and Real Needs." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40282.

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Given its vast population, India has one of the highest absolute numbers of people with intellectual disability (PwIDs) in the world. Studies have placed the prevalence as high as 3.1% of children aged between 2 to 5 years and 5.2% of children aged between 6 to 9 years. India recently passed the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPwD Act), to align itself with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This thesis applied the complementary methods of the review of academic and grey literature, document analysis of the RPwD Act, and in-depth informant interviews to become the first full study on the extent to which the RPwD Act meets the needs of PwIDs. Drawing on the biopsychosocial model of disability and intersectional theory, the findings show that the RPwD Act only partially meets the needs of PwIDs. The RPwD Act does incorporate progressive elements such as affirmative action provisions in the labour market, measures to prevent unethical research on PwIDs, and steps toward inclusive education. However, the Act stipulates a disability certification process that remains mired in the medical model of disability and is mostly inaccessible in rural areas. It also continues the system of legal guardianship dating to the colonial era which deprives many PwIDs of legal capacity and leaves some of them confined to long-term institutions with highly inadequate levels of care. Other problems in the Act include inadequate provisions to provide privacy, reproductive rights and education, and protection from discrimination.
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Klineburger, Philip C. "The Dynamic Functional Capacity Theory: Music Evoked Emotions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50991.

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The music-evoked emotion literature implicates many brain regions involved in emotional processing but is currently lacking a model that specifically explains how they temporally and dynamically interact to produce intensely pleasurable emotions. A conceptual model, The Dynamic Functional Capacity Theory (DFCT), is proposed that provides a foundation for the further understanding of how brain regions interact to produce intense intensely pleasurable emotions. The DFCT claims that brain regions mediating emotion and arousal regulation have a limited functional capacity that can be exceeded by intense stimuli. The prefrontal cortex is hypothesized to abruptly deactivate when this happens, resulting in the inhibitory release of sensory cortices, the limbic system, the reward-circuit, and the brainstem reticular activating system, causing 'unbridled' activation of these areas. This process produces extremely intense emotions. This theory may provide music-evoked emotion researchers and Music Therapy researchers a theoretical foundation for continued research and application and also to compliment current theories of emotion.
Ph. D.
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Charil, Arnaud. "Morphological and functional correlates of disability in multiple sclerosis." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111891.

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This doctoral dissertation presents a series of studies that were conducted to investigate the relationship between morphological, as well as functional, changes and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI).
The extent of macroscopic brain tissue damage, as seen on T2-weighted MRI scans, is poorly correlated with measures of functional impairment in MS. We hypothesized that this might be due to the failure to take lesion location into account. By combining sophisticated lesion segmentation tools with the statistical and stereotaxic techniques of functional neuroimaging, we have shown a relationship between lesion location and the extent and type of physical and cognitive disability.
Brain atrophy is another manifestation of MS. We conducted the first large-scale study of focal cortical atrophy in MS that uses cortical thickness measurements across the entire cortex. We present evidence that cortical atrophy occurs relatively early in the course of the disease, despite the lack of severe disability in MS patients, as assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and follows a pattern of focal thinning that is more pronounced in areas that are heavily inter-connected with other brain regions, such as anterior cingulate cortex and association areas, suggesting that interruption of white matter tracts by MS plaques might play a causative role in cortical atrophy.
Finally, we conducted an fMRI study of working memory in controls, cognitively unimpaired and impaired MS patients that revealed significant differences in the regions that were activated between the groups. Most interestingly, while both cognitively unimpaired MS patients and control subjects significantly activated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left thalamus, cognitively impaired MS patients failed to significantly activate these areas. Levels of deactivation within the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortices and posterior cingulate cortex were inferior in MS patients than in controls. This study suggests that with an increased white matter lesion volume there is an increased damage to a number of afferents and efferents to and from the thalamus (cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops and other thalamo-cortical projections) that ultimately causes the observed cognitive deficits. These cognitive deficits seem also to be dependent on a reduced capacity of MS patients to show task-related deactivations.
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Boahen, Godfred Fordjour. "Ethnicity, learning disability, and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 : a social constructionist ethnography of an integrated learning disability service." Thesis, Open University, 2013. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54718/.

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This thesis explores how the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) is operationalised within an integrated statutory learning disability service and examines how the legislation is manifested in everyday lived experience of an ethnic minority. In England and Wales, the MCA established a framework for assessing cognitive decision-making ability with mental capacity conceptualised as 'objective', 'rational' and person-specific. Taking as points of departure rationality and individualism which are associated with Western liberal democracy, the MCA evokes interest in how the notion of mental capacity is understood within different cultures. In the statutory context, with on-going heated debates about the epistemology of mental capacity, there is the need to examine how professionals concretise an arguably nebulous concept in their roles. These aforementioned issues are addressed in this thesis through examination of data collected during two phases of ethnographic fieldwork in a London local authority. Proposing a new relational model as a theoretical approach, it is argued that ethnicity, learning disability, and mental capacity emanate from human interactions; therefore, greater attention should be paid to context and localised meanings to better understand how they interact in everyday living.
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Blomqvist, Sven. "Postural balance, physical activity and capacity among young people with intellectual disability." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Sjukgymnastik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71227.

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The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate postural balance, physical activity, physical capacity and their associations in young people (16-20 years) with intellectual disability (ID), mild to moderate. The aim was also to study the reliability and concurrent validity of postural balance tests. To evaluate postural balance, one assessor used five common postural balance tests and one new test. The tests were performed twice for 89 young people with ID (one to twelve days apart). Intraclass correlation coefficients greater than 0.80 were achieved for four of the common balance tests: Extended Timed Up and Go Test (ETUGT), Modified Forward Reach Test (MFRT), One-Leg Stance Test (OLS), and a Force Platform Test (FPT). The smallest real difference ranged from 12% to 40%; less than 20% is considered to be low. For the six balance tests, the concurrent validity varied between none to low. Falls are more common for young people with ID compared to young people without ID. One reason could be impaired postural balance. The postural balance for young people with ID has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, five balance tests and three muscle strength tests were used to compare young people with ID with an age-matched control group without ID (n=255). The young people with ID had significantly lower scores on most of the postural balance tests and muscle strength tests of the trunk and lower limbs. Muscle strength, height, and body mass index had no strong association with postural balance. The results also illustrated that young people with ID did not rely more on vision for their balance ability compared to peers without ID. It seems that postural balance is impaired for young people with ID when evaluated with common tests. An everyday situation is to react to unexpected balance disturbances to avoid falls by using different postural responses. Since young people with ID seem to fall more often than peers without ID, it is valuable to investigate if those postural responses are different between the groups. Therefore, young people with and without ID (n=99) were exposed to six backward surface translations and several postural muscle responses were evaluated: muscle synergies and strategies, muscle onset latency, time-to-peak amplitude, and adaptation. The responses of the investigated muscles – the gastrocnemius, the biceps femoris, and the erector spinae L4 level – were measured using electromyography. The results showed that there were no differences between the two groups with respect to synergies or strategies, muscle onset latency, and time-to-peak amplitude. An overall pattern was seen, that young people with ID adapted their muscle response slower in all three muscles than peers without ID, but this pattern was not statistically significant. Studies have shown that people with ID have impaired postural balance, a lower level of physical activity, and lower aerobic capacity compared to people without ID. The association is however not investigated. Therefore, postural balance (postural sway indirectly measured with the subjects standing on a force platform), physical activity (measured with a pedometer), and aerobic capacity (measured with a sub-maximal ergometer cycle test) were used to assess young people with and without ID (n=106). To investigate the subjects’ view of their own health, the subjects completed an adapted questionnaire that addressed their perceived health. The analysis showed no significant associations between postural balance, level of physical activity, and aerobic capacity. The subjects in the ID group, both men and women, had significantly lower aerobic capacity compared to subjects without ID. The answers from the health questionnaire did not correspond to the measured outcomes from the physical tests for young people with ID. In conclusion, ETUGT and MFRT can be used to evaluate change in postural balance over time in young people with mild to moderate ID. The low concurrent validity suggests that the postural balance tests probably challenge various subsystems. Young people with ID have impaired postural balance and perform lower on muscle strength tests than age-matched controls. Postural muscle responses after external perturbations seem to be similar for young people with and without ID, but the ability to adapt muscle responses after repeated perturbations appears to be slower for young people with ID. The studies in the thesis also indicate that young people with ID have reduced level of physical activity and lower aerobic capacity. The lack of association between the different physical functions indicates that they should be evaluated and exercised separately. Young persons with ID might have more difficulty realising the health advantage of being physically active, as they do not seem to make this connection. Because of this, it is important that parents/guardians, school staff, physiotherapists, and others encourage them to participate in physical activity.
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Books on the topic "Disability and Functional Capacity"

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Elizabeth, Genovese, Galper Jill S, and American Medical Association, eds. Guide to the evaluation of functional ability: How to request, interpret, and apply functional capacity evaluations. Chicago: American Medical Association, 2009.

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Wasserstein, Chantal. Seḳer haʻarakhah tifḳudit shel ʻaḳarot bet nekhot: Functional evaluation of disabled housewives. Yerushalayim: ha-Mosad le-viṭuaḥ leʼumi, Minhal ha-meḥḳar ṿeha-tikhnun, 1999.

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Institute, Pennsylvania Bar. What every attorney needs to know about Alzheimer's disease. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Bar Institute, 2014.

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ʻInbar, Leʼah. Ṭahalikh ḳeviʻat kosher hiśtakrut shel nakhim: Hashṿaʼah benleʼumit ṿe-hafaḳat leḳaḥim 2007. Yerushalayim: ha-Mosad le-viṭuaḥ leʼumi, Minhal ha-meḥḳar ṿeha-tikhnun, 2007.

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Parliament, Great Britain. Mental Capacity Bill. London: Stationery Office, 2004.

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Parliament, Great Britain. Mental Capacity Bill. London: Stationery Office, 2004.

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Parliament, Great Britain. Mental Capacity Bill. London: Stationery Office, 2004.

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American Physical Therapy Association (1921- ). Guidelines for evaluating functional capacity. Alexandria, Va: American Physical Therapy Association, 1998.

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Blake, Laurie J. Functional abilities evaluations. Scarborough, Ont: Carswell, 1998.

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Parliament, Great Britain. Mental Capacity Bill: Explanatory notes. London: Stationery Office, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Disability and Functional Capacity"

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Gross, Douglas P., and Michele C. Battie. "Disability, Functional Capacity Evaluations." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 1021–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_1127.

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Sebastiano, M. Di Katie. "Functional Capacity, Disability, and Status." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 903–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1133.

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Clemson, Lindy, J. Rick Turner, J. Rick Turner, Farrah Jacquez, Whitney Raglin, Gabriela Reed, Gabriela Reed, et al. "Functional Capacity, Disability, and Status." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 817–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1133.

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Bierner, Samuel M. "Approaches to the Quantitative Physical and Functional Capacity Assessment of Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders." In Handbooks in Health, Work, and Disability, 287–300. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0612-3_16.

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Tiedemann, Anne, Catherine Sherrington, Daina L. Sturnieks, Stephen R. Lord, Mark W. Rogers, Marie-Laure Mille, Paavo V. Komi, et al. "Functional Capacity." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 350. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2417.

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Nascimento, Lucas R. "Functional Disability Scales." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 2370–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1097.

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Chang Chien, George C., Bryant M. England, and Armen Haroutunian. "Functional Capacity Evaluation." In Pain, 1081–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99124-5_231.

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Lechner, Deborah E. "Functional Capacity Evaluation." In Springer Series in Rehabilitation and Health, 209–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1907-6_11.

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Isernhagen, Susan J. "Functional Capacity Matching." In Springer Series in Rehabilitation and Health, 83–106. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1907-6_5.

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Clemson, Lindy, J. Rick Turner, J. Rick Turner, Farrah Jacquez, Whitney Raglin, Gabriela Reed, Gabriela Reed, et al. "Functional Capacity Assessment." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 817. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100672.

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Conference papers on the topic "Disability and Functional Capacity"

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Lira Dos Santos, Patricia, Soraia Micaela, Carina Silveira Mariano Nunes, Frederico De Melo Cruz, João Carlos Ferrari Correa, Ivan Peres Costa, and Luciana Maria Malosa Sampaio. "Functional capacity categorization of pulmonary fibrosis patients according International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) qualifiers." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2882.

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Costa, Ivan Peres, Soraia Micaela Silva, Roberto Stirbulov, João Carlos Ferrari Correa, and Luciana Malosa Sampaio. "Functional capacity classification of asthmatic individuals according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: a proposal of clinical use." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1180.

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Costa, Ivan Peres, Soraia Micaela Silva, Roberto Stirbulov, João Carlos Ferrari Correa, and Luciana Malosá Sampaio. "Association between body function and functional capacity of individuals with difficult-to-control asthma: relationship between the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1179.

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Lira dos Santos, Patricia, Soraria Micaela Silva, Tatiana Abade Ferreira De Araújo, Carina Silveira Mariano Nunes, Ivan Peres Costa, Mariana Silva Lima, João Carlos Ferrari Correa, and Luciana Maria Malosá Sampaio. "Functional capacity categorization of individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a proposal to use the qualifiers of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1196.

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Seo, Na Jin, and Derek G. Kamper. "Excessive Shear Force at the Digits May Contribute to Unstable Grip Following Stroke." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205696.

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Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability in the United States and the third most frequent cause of death, following diseases of the heart and cancer [1]. Of the more than 700,000 Americans who experience a stroke each year [1], two-thirds survive [2]. Currently there are more than five million stroke survivors in the U.S. [1], many of whom have long-term motor and sensory impairments, especially in the arm and hand [3]. Studies report that 69% of patients who were admitted to a rehabilitation unit following stroke have mild to severe upper extremity dysfunction [4], and only 14% to 16% of stroke survivors with initial upper extremity hemiparesis regained near-complete motor function [3,4]. Chronic deficits following stroke are especially prevalent in the hand and therefore diminish the capacity to grasp [5]. Hand grasp has great functional importance for performing activities of daily living. The impairment in grasping significantly lowers stroke survivors’ functional independence.
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COSTANTINI, GIOVANNI, MASSIMILIANO TODISCO, MASSIMO CAROTA, and DANIELE CASALI. "A NEW KINEMATIC SENSOR FOR HUMAN FUNCTIONAL ABILITY/DISABILITY CLASSIFICATION." In Proceedings of the 13th Italian Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812835987_0048.

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Junior, I. Lombardi, LM Oliveira, CR Monteiro, YQ Confessor, TL Barros, and J. Natour. "AB0185 Evaluation of physical capacity and disability in osteoporotic women." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.624.

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Costantini, Giovanni, Massimo Carota, Giovanni Maccioni, and Daniele Giansanti. "Discrimination Between Human Functional Ability/Disability by means of Different Classification Methodologies." In 2007 18th European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD '07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2007.4529623.

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Alvear-Suarez, Alcides, Karla Montanez, and Shawn Disdier. "Implementation of Virtual Reality for the Treatment of People with Functional Disability." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on E-health Networking, Application & Services (HealthCom). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/healthcom46333.2019.9009603.

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Kerschbaumer, A., F. Alasti, JS Smolen, and D. Aletaha. "THU0701 The effects of structural damage on functional disability in psoriatic arthritis." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.2835.

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Reports on the topic "Disability and Functional Capacity"

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Gutierrez-Arias, Ruvistay, Ximena Neculhueque-Zapata, Raul Valenzuela-Suazo, and Pamela Seron. Assessing people's functioning through rehabilitation registries systems. A rapid scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0006.

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Review question / Objective: 1.- To systematize the available scientific evidence on rehabilitation models and rehabilitation registries systems, which allow for the assessment of people's functioning; 2.- To describe rehabilitation data registries systems used internationally and the "minimum data set" that relate to the functioning of persons. Eligibility criteria: - Population: Studies that have enrolled adult or paediatric patients, with any condition or pathology that could potentially result in low functioning or disability, related to impairments, activity limitation or restriction in participation, according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework will be included. - Concept: Studies that submitted data from a rehabilitation registry, bank, or database containing a minimum data set will be included. These registries may include clinical and administrative information that can be used to improve the quality of care, monitor or answer research questions. - Context: Studies that have been conducted in a context of rehabilitation programs and assessment of function or disability, at any level of care, and that have directly or indirectly addressed aspects or variables that can account for functioning, capacity, or participation according to the ICF framework will be included. The inclusion of studies will not be limited by their methodological design, since they will be used to identify rehabilitation registries or databases, so primary studies (cohort studies, case-control studies, among others) and secondary studies (systematic reviews, exploratory reviews, among others) will be considered.
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Hall, Martha L., and Michele A. Logo. FUNctional Design: Exploring Design for Disability in a Childrenswear Course. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-161.

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Xu, Jin, and Qingling Zhong. The effect of multicomponent exercise on functional capacity and frailty syndrome of frail older adult. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0005.

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Busby, Ryan, Thomas Douglas, Joshua LeMonte, David Ringelberg, and Karl Indest. Metal accumulation capacity in indigenous Alaska vegetation growing on military training lands. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41443.

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Permafrost thawing could increase soil contaminant mobilization in the environment. Our objective was to quantify metal accumulation capacities for plant species and functional groups common to Alaskan military training ranges where elevated soil metal concentrations were likely to occur. Plant species across multiple military training range sites were collected. Metal content in shoots and roots was compared to soil metal concentrations to calculate bioconcentration and translocation factors. On average, grasses accumulated greater concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn relative to forbs or shrubs, and bioconcentrated greater concentrations of Ni and Pb. Shrubs bioconcentrated greater concentrations of Sb. Translocation to shoots was greatest among the forbs. Three native plants were identified as candidate species for use in metal phytostabilization applications. Elymus macrourus, a grass, bioconcentrated substantial concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in roots with low translocation to shoots. Elaeagnus commutata, a shrub, bioconcentrated the greatest amounts of Sb, Ni, and Cr, with a low translocation factor. Solidago decumbens bio-concentrated the greatest amount of Sb among the forbs and translocated the least amount of metals. A combination of forb, shrub, and grass will likely enhance phytostabilization of heavy metals in interior Alaska soils through increased functional group diversity.
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Abedinov, Filip, Violeta Groudeva, Iliyan Petrov, Hristo Angelov, Georgy Tsaryanski, and Plamen Krastev. Analysis of Functional Capacity and Risk Factors in Patients with Prolonged Treatment in Intensive Care Unit after Cardiac Surgery - Long-term Results. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.01.16.

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Delineau, Valeska, Ligia Passos, Ana Rita Ferreira, and Lia Fernandes. The role of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patient’s autonomy. A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0008.

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Review question / Objective: This scoping review study aims to identify, summarize, and appraise available literature regarding the role of (BPSD)/neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients’ autonomy with all types of dementia diagnoses. To accomplish this objective, this scoping review will address the following question: What is the role of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in the patient’s autonomy? This review will comprise the terms capacity, functional abilities, and competence in the autonomy concept. Background: Dementia is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by the development of multiple cognitive deficits and behavioral changes that interferes with multiple aspects of life, including cognition, daily functioning, and behavioral. With the progress of the disease, the patients lose their capacity, functional abilities, competence, and autonomy (Barbas & Wilde, 2001; Darby & Dickerson, 2017; Irastorza, Corujo, & Bañuelos, 2011; Lee, Jang, & Chang, 2019; Marson, 2013).
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Carter, Becky. Inclusion in Crisis Response, Recovery and Resilience. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.079.

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This rapid review provides examples of what has worked to include people in humanitarian assistance who experience heightened vulnerability during crises, due to social inequalities and discrimination relating to gender, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity and/or expression, and sex characteristics; and religious belief . Overall, robust evidence is limited for what are, in most cases, relatively new areas of practice in challenging crisis situations. However, the literature does identify promising practices. Emerging themes from the research on what has potential for improving inclusion in humanitarian assistance include: affected people’s meaningful participation in intervention planning and design; whole-of-community approaches while maintaining accountability to the targeted beneficiaries; multi-component approaches combining complementary strategies (e.g. economic empowerment with social norms change programming); longer-term, pre-crisis investment in relationships with, and capacity building of, local organisations; and disaggregating data and undertaking intersectional analyses to include those hardest to reach.
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Idris, Iffat. Increasing Birth Registration for Children of Marginalised Groups in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.102.

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This review looks at approaches to promote birth registration among marginalised groups, in order to inform programming in Pakistan. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, in particular reports by international development organizations. While there is extensive literature on rates of birth registration and the barriers to this, and consensus on approaches to promote registration, the review found less evidence of measures specifically aimed at marginalised groups. Gender issues are addressed to some extent, particularly in understanding barriers to registration, but the literature was largely disability-blind. The literature notes that birth registration is considered as a fundamental human right, allowing access to services such as healthcare and education; it is the basis for obtaining other identity documents, e.g. driving licenses and passports; it protects children, e.g. from child marriage; and it enables production of vital statistics to support government planning and resource allocation. Registration rates are generally lower than average for vulnerable children, e.g. from minority groups, migrants, refugees, children with disabilities. Discriminatory policies against minorities, restrictions on movement, lack of resources, and lack of trust in government are among the ‘additional’ barriers affecting the most marginalised. Women, especially unmarried women, also face greater challenges in getting births registered. General approaches to promoting birth registration include legal and policy reform, awareness-raising activities, capacity building of registration offices, integration of birth registration with health services/education/social safety nets, and the use of digital technology to increase efficiency and accessibility.
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Uni, Zehava, and Peter Ferket. Enhancement of development of broilers and poults by in ovo feeding. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695878.bard.

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The specific objectives of this research were the study of the physical and nutritional properties of the In Ovo Feeding (IOF) solution (i.e. theosmostic properties and the carbohydrate: protein ratio composition). Then, using the optimal solution for determining its effect on hatchability, early nutritional status and intestinal development of broilers and turkey during the last quarter of incubation through to 7 days post-hatch (i.e. pre-post hatch period) by using molecular, biochemical and histological tools. The objective for the last research phase was the determination of the effect of in ovo feeding on growth performance and economically valuable production traits of broiler and turkey flocks reared under practical commercial conditions. The few days before- and- after hatch is a critical period for the development and survival of commercial broilers and turkeys. During this period chicks make the metabolic and physiological transition from egg nutriture (i.e. yolk) to exogenous feed. Late-term embryos and hatchlings may suffer a low glycogen status, especially when oxygen availability to the embryo is limited by low egg conductance or poor incubator ventilation. Much of the glycogen reserve in the late-term chicken embryo is utilized for hatching. Subsequently, the chick must rebuild that glycogen reserve by gluconeogenesis from body protein (mostly from the breast muscle) to support post-hatch thermoregulation and survival until the chicks are able to consume and utilize dietary nutrients. Immediately post-hatch, the chick draws from its limited body reserves and undergoes rapid physical and functional development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in order to digest feed and assimilate nutrients. Because the intestine is the nutrient primary supply organ, the sooner it achieves this functional capacity, the sooner the young bird can utilize dietary nutrients and efficiently grow at its genetic potential and resist infectious and metabolic disease. Feeding the embryo when they consume the amniotic fluid (IOF idea and method) showed accelerated enteric development and elevated capacity to digest nutrients. By injecting a feeding solution into the embryonic amnion, the embryo naturally consume supplemental nutrients orally before hatching. This stimulates intestinal development to start earlier as was exhibited by elevated gene expression of several functional genes (brush border enzymes an transporters , elvated surface area, elevated mucin production . Moreover, supplying supplemental nutrients at a critical developmental stage by this in ovo feeding technology improves the hatchling’s nutritional status. In comparison to controls, administration of 1 ml of in ovo feeding solution, containing dextrin, maltose, sucrose and amino acids, into the amnion of the broiler embryo increased dramatically total liver glycogen in broilers and in turkeys in the pre-hatch period. In addition, an elevated relative breast muscle size (% of broiler BW) was observed in IOF chicks to be 6.5% greater at hatch and 7 days post-hatch in comparison to controls. Experiment have shown that IOF broilers and turkeys increased hatchling weights by 3% to 7% (P<0.05) over non injected controls. These responses depend upon the strain, the breeder hen age and in ovo feed composition. The weight advantage observed during the first week after hatch was found to be sustained at least through 35 days of age. Currently, research is done in order to adopt the knowledge for commercial practice.
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Lichter, Amnon, Gopi K. Podila, and Maria R. Davis. Identification of Genetic Determinants that Facilitate Development of B. cinerea at Low Temperature and its Postharvest Pathogenicity. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592641.bard.

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Botrytis cinerea is the postharvest pathogen of many agricultural produce with table grapes, strawberries and tomatoes as major targets. The high efficiency with which B. cinerea causes disease on these produce during storage is attributed in part due to its exceptional ability to develop at very low temperature. Our major goal was to understand the genetic determinants which enable it to develop at low temperature. The specific research objectives were: 1. Identify expression pattern of genes in a coldenriched cDNA library. 2. Identify B. cinerea orthologs of cold-induced genes 3. Profile protein expression and secretion at low temperature on strawberry and grape supplemented media. 4. Test novel methods for the functional analysis of coldresponsive genes. Objective 1 was modified during the research because a microarray platform became available and it allowed us to probe the whole set of candidate genes according to the sequence of 2 strains of the fungus, BO5.10 and T4. The results of this experiment allowed us to validate some of our earlier observations which referred to genes which were the product of a SSH suppression-subtraction library. Before the microarray became available during 2008 we also analyzed the expression of 15 orthologs of cold-induced genes and some of these results were also validated by the microarray experiment. One of our goals was also to perform functional analysis of cold-induced genes. This goal was hampered for 3 years because current methodology for transformation with ‘protoplasts’ failed to deliver knockouts of bacteriordopsin-like (bR) gene which was our primary target for functional analysis. Consequently, we developed 2 alternative transformation platforms, one which involves an air-gun based technique and another which involves DNA injection into sclerotia. Both techniques show great promise and have been validated using different constructs. This contribution is likely to serve the scientific community in the near future. Using these technologies we generated gene knockout constructs of 2 genes and have tested there effect on survival of the fungus at low temperature. With reference to the bR genes our results show that it has a significant effect on mycelial growth of the B. cinerea and the mutants have retarded development at extreme conditions of ionic stress, osmotic stress and low temperature. Another gene of unknown function, HP1 is still under analysis. An ortholog of the yeast cold-induced gene, CCH1 which encodes a calcium tunnel and was shown to be cold-induced in B. cinerea was recently cloned and used to complement yeast mutants and rescue them from cold-sensitivity. One of the significant findings of the microarray study involves a T2 ribonuclease which was validated to be cold-induced by qPCR analysis. This and other genes will serve for future studies. In the frame of the study we also screened a population of 631 natural B. cinerea isolates for development at low temperature and have identified several strains with much higher and lower capacity to develop at low temperature. These strains are likely to be used in the future as candidates for further functional analysis. The major conclusions from the above research point to specific targets of cold-induced genes which are likely to play a role in cold tolerance. One of the most significant observations from the microarray study is that low temperature does not induce ‘general stress response in B. cinerea, which is in agreement to its exceptional capacity to develop at low temperature. Due to the tragic murder of the Co-PI Maria R. Davis and GopiPodila on Feb. 2010 it is impossible to deliver their contribution to the research. The information of the PI is that they failed to deliver objective 4 and none of the information which relates to objective 3 has been delivered to the PI before the murder or in a visit to U. Alabama during June, 2010. Therefore, this report is based solely on the IS data.
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