Journal articles on the topic 'Dis-adoption'
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Chinseu, Edna L., Lindsay C. Stringer, and Andrew J. Dougill. "An Empirically Derived Conceptual Framework to Assess Dis-Adoption of Conservation Agriculture: Multiple Drivers and Institutional Deficiencies." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 5 (September 29, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n5p48.
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Efforts of national governments and international agencies aimed at alleviating hunger and poverty are often undermined by lack of long-term adoption of agricultural innovations. Studies commonly explain farmers’ adoption decisions using household general determinants, yet decision-making, particularly for under-resourced smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa, is a complex process. Using the case of conservation agriculture [CA], this article analyses dis-adoption of agricultural technologies by examining multiple domains of Malawi’s CA innovation system and how these influence farmer decision-making. It analyses institutional arrangements of CA promoters, national policies and farmers’ experiences. From this, we empirically derive a multifaceted dis-adoption drivers’ framework to explain CA dis-adoption in smallholder farming systems. Our findings reveal that adverse features in national policies, institutional arrangements, technological attributes and social cultural dimensions all lead to unfavourable experiences of CA for smallholder farmers, which can culminate in dis-adoption. The CA dis-adoption drivers’ framework we develop in this study provides a useful troubleshooting tool. It can be used to guide improvements in the design and implementation of project-based interventions seeking long-term adoption of agricultural innovations across sub-Saharan Africa.
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Otieno, Samuel Jeff, Cecilia Nyawira Ritho, Jonathan Makau Nzuma, and Beatrice Wambui Muriithi. "Determinants of Adoption and Dis-Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Practices in the Suppression of Mango Fruit Fly Infestation: Evidence from Embu County, Kenya." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031891.
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This study evaluates the drivers of the adoption and dis-adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices in the suppression of mango fruit-fly infestation in Embu County, Kenya. It employs a Correlated Random Effects Probit Model and a Discrete-time Proportional Hazard Model on two-wave panel data of 149 mango farmers selected using a cluster sampling technique. The descriptive results show that 59% and 17% of the respondents were adopters and dis-adopters of mango fruit fly IPM practices, respectively. Empirical findings reveal that the cost of IPM and training on IPM positively and significantly influenced adoption, while the unavailability of the technology had a negative and significant effect on adoption. For dis-adoption, the results indicate that farm size and the quality of IPM positively influenced the hazard of exit from IPM use, and hence, enhanced the sustained adoption of IPM. The study recommends capacity building for mango farmers through training and increased access to extension services to enhance the adoption of this technology and prevent dis-adoption.
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Saeed, Khawaja A., and Jingjun (David) Xu. "Understanding diffusion of information systems-based services: evidence from mobile banking services." Internet Research 30, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 1281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-01-2019-0008.
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PurposeThe Bass model is widely used in the literature to capture the diffusion of innovations and shows excellent predictive power in the context of durable goods. However, the model's efficacy fades when services are the target of analysis. Services that users adopt and subsequently utilize regularly are regarded as a continuous process that entails the possibility of dis-adoption and re-adoption. These aspects are not accounted for in the traditional Bass model. Thus, this study extends the Bass model to information system (IS)-based services by taking into account the unique nature of service adoption: the possibility of dis-adoption and re-adoption.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed hypotheses were empirically tested using a longitudinal study of mobile service usage over 18 months. The longitudinal design provides a stronger position than the typical cross-sectional survey to understand the dynamics and infer causality.FindingsResults show that the inclusion of the dis-adoption and re-adoption rates in the Bass model significantly improves the explanatory power over the traditional Bass model.Originality/valueConsumption of services delivered through IS has exponentially increased. However, understanding on the diffusion pattern of IS-based services is limited. Our study is the first to examine the effect of dis-adoption and re-adoption together in the innovation diffusion process. The study offers significant implications for researchers and practitioners. The extended Bass model can help service firms develop an accurate prediction about the number of adopters at different periods of time.
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Simtowe, Franklin, and Kai Mausch. "Who is quitting? An analysis of the dis-adoption of climate smart sorghum varieties in Tanzania." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 11, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-01-2018-0007.
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Purpose New agricultural technologies are continuously generated and promoted for adoption by farmers with the expectation that they bring about higher benefits than older technologies. Yet, depending on the perceived benefits, the user of the technology may choose to stop using it. This paper aims to analyze what drives farmers to dis-adopt climate smart sorghum varieties in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach The study uses cross-sectional farm household level data collected in Tanzania from a sample of 767 households. The determinants of dis-adoption are explored using a bivariate probit with sample selection model. Findings The authors find that while farmers switch between different sorghum varieties, most farmers actually quit sorghum production. Older farmers and those facing biotic stresses such attacks by birds are more likely to dis-adopt sorghum. Practical implications These findings suggest that there is scope for improving and sustaining the adoption of sorghum varieties in Tanzania once extension services are strengthened. The findings also point to a well-founded theory on the role of markets in enhancing the overall sustainability of food systems. Social implications The study findings have broader implications for understanding the sustainability of improved technology adoption Originality/value Dis-adoption is also positively associated with the lack of access to markets underscoring the role of markets in enhancing the overall sustainability of technology adoption and food systems.
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Lwiza, Florence, Johnny Mugisha, Peter N. Walekhwa, Jo Smith, and Bedru Balana. "Dis-adoption of Household Biogas technologies in Central Uganda." Energy for Sustainable Development 37 (April 2017): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2017.01.006.
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Azumah, S. B., C. Y. Lamptey, N. Sulemana, S. Donkoh, A. Zakaria, and P. M. I. Maanikuu. "An explorative study on the adoption and dis-adoption of improved rice varieties among farmers in the Northern region of Ghana." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2022.10(2).323.334.
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Rice consumption in Ghana has increased steadily over the years. To enhance rice productivity to meet demand, several high-performing rice varieties have been disseminated via numerous interventions to smallholders in Northern Ghana. Nevertheless, productivity is still low at farm gate compared to research stations, due to smallholder poor adoption of the varieties. Using primary data collected from 404 farmers, the study examines the adoption levels of the main rice varieties among farmers and investigates the reasons for their adoption and dis-adoption. The empirical results revealed that rice varieties namely, Agra, Sakai, Jasmine 85, and Afife were the most adopted in the study area. Also, the study finds that GR-18, Nerica, Digang, Tox, Mandee, and Faro-15 were the most dis-adopted rice varieties. The main reasons for which farmers adopted the improved rice varieties were availability of a ready market for the produce, crop resistance to pests and diseases, consumer higher demand for rice, advice by extension staff to cultivate, and encouragement from researchers to adopt. The reasons for the dis-adoption of improved rice varieties in the study area were high input requirements, lack of ready market for the varieties, and unfavorable climatic conditions. The findings of the study give direction as to the angle from which the adoption of improved rice varieties can be stepped up while dis-adoption is reduced. Research scientists should research into rice varieties that are more suitable for the soil and climatic conditions of the study area and continue to sensitize and motivate the farmers to adopt them, while government should step up its support for the research scientists as well as the extension officers to deliver on their mandate.
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Anand, Adarsh, Richie Aggarwal, Ompal Singh, and Deepti Aggrawal. "Understanding diffusion process in the context of product dis adoption." St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal. Economics 240, no. 2 (May 2016): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5862/je.240.1.
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Durga, A. R., and D. Suresh Kumar. "More Crop per Drop of Water: Adoption and Dis-adoption Dynamics of System of Rice Intensification." IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review 5, no. 1 (January 2016): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277975215617862.
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ERENSTEIN, OLAF, and UMAR FAROOQ. "A SURVEY OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ADOPTION OF ZERO TILLAGE WHEAT IN THE IRRIGATED PLAINS OF SOUTH ASIA." Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 2 (April 2009): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708007448.
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SUMMARYThere is a quest for resource-conserving technologies that can save water, reduce production costs and improve production to address the slow down in productivity growth in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, the cereal bowl of South Asia. Findings from farm surveys are used to evaluate the farm household factors that affect the adoption of zero tillage (ZT) wheat in the rice-wheat systems of India's Haryana State and Pakistan's Punjab province. Three adoption classes are distinguished in each site: ZT adopters, dis-adopters and non-adopters. Bivariate analysis shows that adopters typically have the most favourable values for most of the indicators compiled and the non-adopters the least favourable, with dis-adopters often taking an intermediate position. The study highlights that ZT adoption in the initial diffusion stage is strongly linked to the wealth of the farm household. This indicates the need for closer consideration of equity implications in future research and development. The structural differences between adoption categories also easily confound the assessment of ZT impact.
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Razafimahatratra, Hanitriniaina Mamy, Céline Bignebat, Hélène David-Benz, Jean-François Bélières, and Eric Penot. "Tryout and (Dis)adoption of conservation agriculture. Evidence from Western Madagascar." Land Use Policy 100 (January 2021): 104929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104929.
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Mamo, Taye Alemu, Degefa Tolossa, Feyera Senbeta, and Tesfaye Zeleke. "Factors Influencing Smallholder Farmers’ Decision to Abandon Introduced Sustainable Land Management Technologies in Central Ethiopia." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 37, no. 2 (September 20, 2022): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v37i2.60720.
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The Ethiopian government has made efforts to rehabilitate degraded lands using a range of sustainable land management (SLM) initiatives. One of the key components was the use of improved structural soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies. However, the effectiveness of technology adoption varies greatly among households and abandoning previously accepted measures is a typical occurrence. Thus, this study sought to discover factors influencing smallholder farmers’ decisions to abandon already accepted SWC measures. The analysis was conducted based on data collected from 525 sample households surveyed in two districts in Central Ethiopia. An ordered cumulative logistic (POM) regression model was used to examine variables explaining households’ decision behavior. The study findings have revealed that sampled households were at different adoption stages, i.e., dis-adopters (22%), pilot-level adopters (14%) and adopters (64%). The results from the POM model also show that a range of variables influenced farmers’ dis-adoption decisions. Factors such as awareness about the risks of land degradation, access to training, incentives, land fragmentation, gender, full-time labor size, gentle slope plots, economic returns on investment and post-adoption follow-up were found to substantially influence smallholder farmers’ adoption discontinuance decisions. Thus, policymakers should consider these variables in designing strategies to overcome barriers to SLM practices.
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Wangithi, Charity M., Beatrice W. Muriithi, and Raphael Belmin. "Adoption and Dis-Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture: A Case of Farmers’ Innovations and Integrated Fruit Fly Management in Kenya." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040338.
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The invasive fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis poses a major threat to the production and trade of mango in sub-Saharan Africa. Farmers devise different innovations to manage the pest in an attempt to minimize yield loss and production costs while maximizing revenues. Using survey data obtained from Embu County, Kenya, we analyzed farmers’ knowledge and perception as regards the invasive fruit fly, their innovations for the management of the pest, and the determinants of their adoption and dis-adoption decisions of recently developed and promoted integrated pest management (IPM) technologies for suppression of the pest. The results show that farmers consider fruit flies as a major threat to mango production (99%) and primarily depend on pesticides (90%) for the management of the pest. Some farmers (35%) however use indigenous methods to manage the pest. Though farmers possess good knowledge of different IPM strategies, uptake is relatively low. The regression estimates show that continued use of IPM is positively associated with the gender and education of the household head, size of a mango orchard, knowledge on mango pests, training, contact with an extension officer, and use of at least one non-pesticide practice for fruit fly management, while IPM dis-adoption was negatively correlated with the size of the mango orchard, practice score and use of indigenous innovations for fruit fly management. We recommend enhancing farmer′s knowledge through increased access to training programs and extension services for enhanced adoption of sustainable management practices for B. dorsalis.
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Maciejewska-Mroczek, Ewa, and Anna Witeska-Młynarczyk. "Managing the Past in the Context of (Dis)Closed Adoption in Poland." Revue des sciences sociales, no. 66 (November 30, 2021): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/revss.7377.
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Balgah, Roland Azibo, Dorothy Nyiang Bwifon, and Peter Ngek Shillie. "COID-19, Armed Conflict and Icts Adoption Decisions. Insights from Cameroonian Farmers." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 12–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.98.12763.
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It is common knowledge that adopting information and communication technologies -ICTs can significantly enhance agricultural performance. However, their adoption and usage in African agriculture remains disappointing. This study assesses ICTs adoption rates and adoption determinants among Cameroonian farmers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample of 120 farmers in two selected sites highly hit by COVID 19 and an on-going armed conflict in Cameroon’s North West region. Data collected and analysed using SPSS, version 25.0 revealed an overall ICTs adoption rate of 87.5%: 3 times higher than the national average. Experience with ICTs was the lone variable that significantly influenced ICTs adoption at 95% confidence interval (β=0.414, p=0.034). However, the age of the farmer (β=0.122, P=0.073), ICTs usage in last six months (β=-4, 316, p=0.072), farm size (β=1.132, p=0.06), and farmers income (β=-5.22, p=0.072) significantly influenced ICTs adoption only at the 10 percent level. Based on these results we conclude that high ICT adoption rates by farmers in the study is most likely an adaptation strategy to the combined negative lockdown and ghost town effects of COVID 19 and the on-going armed conflict respectively; which create incentives for ICTs adoption. We recommend ICT awareness campaigns, experience-sharing and capacity building as key activities to sustain ICT adoption and eventually stem future dis-adoption rates. Research thrust on the positive impacts of perceived negative events like COVID 19 and armed conflicts especially in Africa is encouraged.
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Acevedo, Maricelis, Kevin Pixley, Nkulumo Zinyengere, Sisi Meng, Hale Tufan, Karen Cichy, Livia Bizikova, Krista Isaacs, Kate Ghezzi-Kopel, and Jaron Porciello. "A scoping review of adoption of climate-resilient crops by small-scale producers in low- and middle-income countries." Nature Plants 6, no. 10 (October 2020): 1231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-00783-z.
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Abstract Climate-resilient crops and crop varieties have been recommended as a way for farmers to cope with or adapt to climate change, but despite the apparent benefits, rates of adoption by smallholder farmers are highly variable. Here we present a scoping review, using PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols), examining the conditions that have led to the adoption of climate-resilient crops over the past 30 years in lower- and middle-income countries. The descriptive analysis performed on 202 papers shows that small-scale producers adopted climate-resilient crops and varieties to cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, flooding and salinity. The most prevalent trait in our dataset was drought tolerance, followed by water-use efficiency. Our analysis found that the most important determinants of adoption of climate-resilient crops were the availability and effectiveness of extension services and outreach, followed by education levels of heads of households, farmers’ access to inputs—especially seeds and fertilizers—and socio-economic status of farming families. About 53% of studies reported that social differences such as sex, age, marital status and ethnicity affected the adoption of varieties or crops as climate change-adaptation strategies. On the basis of the collected evidence, this study presents a series of pathways and interventions that could contribute to higher adoption rates of climate-resilient crops and reduce dis-adoption.
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Price, Christopher P., Jane Wolstenholme, Patrick McGinley, and Andrew St John. "Translational health economics: The key to accountable adoption of in vitro diagnostic technologies." Health Services Management Research 31, no. 1 (October 31, 2017): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951484817736727.
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Adoption of new technologies, including diagnostic tests, is often considered not to deliver the expected return on investment. The reasons for this poor link between expectation and outcome include lack of evidence, variation in use of the technology, and an inability of the health system to manage the balance between investment and disinvestment associated with the change in care pathway. The challenges lie in the complex nature of healthcare provision where the investment is likely to be made in the jurisdiction of one stakeholder while the benefits (as well as dis-benefits) accrue to the other stakeholders. A prime example is found in the field of laboratory medicine and the use of diagnostic tests. The current economic tools employed in healthcare are primarily used to make policy and strategic decisions, particularly across health systems, and in purchaser and provider domains. These tools primarily involve cost effectiveness and budget impact analyses, both of which have been applied in health technology assessment of diagnostic technologies. However, they lack the granularity to translate findings down to the financial management and operational decision making at the provider department level. We propose an approach to translational health economics based on information derived from service line management and time-driven activity-based costing, identifying the resource utilisation for each of the units involved in the delivery of a care pathway, before and after adoption of new technology. This will inform investment and disinvestment decisions, along with identifying where the benefits, and dis-benefits, can be achieved for all stakeholders.
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Oke, D. O., L. A. Orumwense, O. O. Olugbire, O. G. Oloba, J. O. H. Awofadeju, and S. F. Akanbi. "Factors Influencing the Dis-adoption of Moringa oleifera among Farming Households in Oyo State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 4 (May 22, 2020): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i4.20.
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This study was conducted to determine the factors influencing the disadoption of Moringa oleifera among farming households in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires for this study. Descriptive and quantitative techniques were used for the analysis of survey data. Result revealed that the level of disadoption of Moringa in the study area was high whereas those that are still cultivating moringa still realizes income it. Also, the respondents indicated that low return on investment on moringa oleifera, low demand of moringa oleifera products such as leaf and seeds, low sale of moringa products, inadequate processing equipment, and inadequate marketing channels and over hyped health benefit of moringa products were factors contributing to the disadoption of moringa oleifera cultivation.The study revealed that age,membership of farmers’ association, non-farm income, and access to extension and involvement of the farmers in other agroforestry practices were significant factors influencing the disadoption of moringa in the study area. However, membership of farmers’ association and access to extension services significantly influence the probability of disadoption of moringa cultivation negatively. This study therefore recommends that there shouldbe further awareness on the benefits of moringa in order to increase demand for moringa and its product and that farmers should be encouraged to join Moringa farmers group in order to network with other farmers and to access information.
Keywords: Dis-Adoption, Moringa oleifera, Probit and Oyo State.
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Stanivuković, Senka Neuman, and Marek Neuman. "Reading the EU’s migration and security ‘crises’ through (South-)Eastern Europe." Journal of European Studies 49, no. 3-4 (August 13, 2019): 374–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244119859176.
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This article addresses contemporary thinking about EU crises from the locations of South-East and Eastern Europe. It asks how the European migration and security ‘crises’ have unfolded in institutional structures, political and public discourses, and people’s everyday experiences in South-Eastern and Eastern Europe. The analysis challenges the treatment of European crises as ontologically given, and calls for the adoption of critical conceptual and analytical approaches that study these crises outside European dis/order binarism. It exposes European crises as a privileged and conservative designation that normalizes European multiplicity within the teleology of a linear and spatially bound EU institutional order.
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Sulhani, Sulhani, and Hangga Darisman. "The comparative analysis of discretionary accruals viewed from the styles of audit and IFRS adoption." Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura 18, no. 3 (December 30, 2015): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v18i3.513.
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Discretionary accruals in auditing have been the essential factor. Therefore, an analysis of this factor viewed from different styles of audit and IFRS adoption can be more interesting to study. This study discusses financial statement comparabil-ity in terms of audit style and IFRS adoption. It took the sample consisting of 43 manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange; all have published their financial statements for the period of 2010-2013. The data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon test. The results showed that financial statement with the same accounting standards and audited by the same big 4 auditors, subject to the same audit style, are more likely to have comparable dis-cretionary accruals than financial statement audited by different Big 4 firms with different styles. By comparable, it means that different financial statements in the same industry and the same accounting standard will have more similar discre-tionary accruals.
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A. D., Kehinde. "A Probit Analysis of Factors Affecting Improved Technologies Dis-adoption in Cocoa-Based Farming Systems of Southwestern Nigeria." International Journal of Agricultural Economics 2, no. 2 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170202.12.
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Piper, Kaitlin N., Lauren L. Brown, Ilyssa Tamler, Ameeta S. Kalokhe, and Jessica M. Sales. "Application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to Facilitate Delivery of Trauma-Informed HIV Care." Ethnicity & Disease 31, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.31.1.109.
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Background: The high prevalence of trauma and its negative impact on health among people living with HIV underscore the need for adopting trauma-informed care (TIC), an evidence-based approach to address trauma and its physical and mental sequelae. However, virtually nothing is known about factors internal and external to the clinical environment that might influence adoption of TIC in HIV primary care clinics.Methods: We conducted a pre-implementation assessment consisting of in-depth interviews with 23 providers, staff, and administrators at a large urban HIV care center serving an un-/under-insured population in the southern United States. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to guide qualitative coding to ascertain factors related to TIC adoption.Results: Inner setting factors perceived as impacting TIC adoption within HIV primary care included relative priority, compatibility, available resources, access to knowledge and information (ie, training), and networks and communications. Relevant outer setting factors included patient needs/resources and cosmopolitanism (ie, connections to external organizations). Overall, the HIV care center exhibited high priority and compatibility for TIC adoption but displayed a need for system strengthening with regard to available resources, training, communications, cosmopolitanism, and patient needs/ resources.Conclusions: Through identification of CFIR inner and outer setting factors that might influence adoption of TIC within an HIV primary care clinic, our findings begin to fill key knowledge gaps in understanding barriers and facilitators for adopting TIC in HIV primary care settings and highlight implementation strategies that could be employed to support successful TIC implementation. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):109-118; doi:10.18865/ed.31.1.109
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Coursaris, Constantinos, Wietske Van Osch, Jieun Sung, and Younghwa Yun. "Disentangling Twitter’s Adoption and Use (Dis)Continuance: A Theoretical and Empirical Amalgamation of Uses and Gratifications and Diffusion of Innovations." AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1thci.00054.
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Constantinides, Aristoteles. "The Involvement of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe in Issues of Minority Protection." Leiden Journal of International Law 9, no. 2 (June 1996): 373–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156596000258.
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The close relationship between security and minority protection is more than ever before manifest in today's (eastern) Europe. The adoption of far-reaching substantive commitments in the fields of the OSCE, and its increasing intrusion upon traditionally internal affairs of states, constitutes a positive framework for minority protection. A constructive combination of implementation mechanisms, preventive diplomacy instruments, and dispute-settlement efforts has produced positive results. Primarily concerned with the maintenance of security in Europe, the OSCE involves itself in minority issues, subject to the (dis)advantages of its political character. Despite its inherent weaknesses, the OSCE system has already contributed to the protection of minorities in Eastern Europe in various ways during the political transition in the former communist states, and it is prepared to continue, especially in the absence of other more effective systems.
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Ferrero, Sebastian. "Materializing the Invisible: Landscape Painting in Viceregal Peru as Visionary Painting." Arts 10, no. 3 (August 26, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10030057.
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Landscape painting in Peru typically does not receive much attention from critical dis-course, even though the adoption of the Flemish landscape by Andean viceregal painters became a distinctive feature of Peruvian painting of the second half of the 17th century. Considered a consequence of a change in the artistic taste of viceregal society, the landscape was perceived as a secondary element of the composition. In this article, we will analyze the inclusion of the Flemish landscape in Andean religious painting from another critical perspective that takes into account different spiritual processes that colonial religiosity goes through. We analyze how the influence of the Franciscan and Jesuit mysticism created a fertile ground where landscape painting could develop in Peru. The Andean viceregal painters found in the landscape an effective way to visualize suprasensible spiritual experiences and an important device for the development in Peru of a painting with visionary characteristics.
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Peters, Pascale, and Stefan Heusinkveld. "Institutional explanations for managers’ attitudes towards telehomeworking." Human Relations 63, no. 1 (December 3, 2009): 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726709336025.
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Building on recent research that stresses the important role of managers in the adoption process of telehomeworking, or telecommuting, this study examines the influence of the institutional context on managers’ attitude formation. Drawing on large-scale survey data from 96 CEOs and 380 HR managers in Dutch organizations, we show that normative and mimetic pressures affect managers’ beliefs, which are reflected in their perceptions of the relative (dis)advantage of telehomeworking. We also find that the perceived improvements of work outcomes and perceived social costs/benefits vary among managers from different ‘occupational communities’. CEOs’ beliefs are more susceptible to mimetic pressures, while HR managers’ attitudes towards telehomeworking are positively fed by pressures from their occupational community. These findings support the view that current debates on work—life initiatives’ diffusion and organizational changes in relation to these initiatives should pay much more attention to the importance of the institutional environment and managers’ subcultures.
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Lopes, António M., and Jóse A. Tenreiro Machado. "Dynamical Analysis of the Dow Jones Index Using Dimensionality Reduction and Visualization." Entropy 23, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050600.
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Time-series generated by complex systems (CS) are often characterized by phenomena such as chaoticity, fractality and memory effects, which pose difficulties in their analysis. The paper explores the dynamics of multidimensional data generated by a CS. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index is selected as a test-bed. The DJIA time-series is normalized and segmented into several time window vectors. These vectors are treated as objects that characterize the DJIA dynamical behavior. The objects are then compared by means of different distances to generate proper inputs to dimensionality reduction and information visualization algorithms. These computational techniques produce meaningful representations of the original dataset according to the (dis)similarities between the objects. The time is displayed as a parametric variable and the non-locality can be visualized by the corresponding evolution of points and the formation of clusters. The generated portraits reveal a complex nature, which is further analyzed in terms of the emerging patterns. The results show that the adoption of dimensionality reduction and visualization tools for processing complex data is a key modeling option with the current computational resources.
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Vyhlídal, Tomáš, Ondřej Ješina, and Kateřina Holická. "Životní způsob a jeho vybrané determinanty u dětí s onkologickým onemocněním." Studia sportiva 7, no. 3 (December 16, 2013): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2013-3-27.
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Children and young people with oncological diseases (OD) after intensive treatment (the so-called period of remission) are a group with special needs and problems. Those are the most immediately associated with the treatment of OD. Among the return among peers after the long separation, often shy around and concern with the adoption, the formation of private persons during the period of treatment, often changing the value system, a change of lifestyle, etc. Just because the way this audience with the perspective of the determinant, which affect it as essential, is the subject of our study. The aim of our investigation is to find out and describe the specificity of particular selected determinants for future remediation of potential risks. The main research instrument is the questionnaire known as the disHBSC (“dis” means a group of people with disabilities and health handicaps; Health Behaviour of School-aged Children). We conducted a pilot survey for youth groups with the OD, which are provided by the interesting results for further processing.
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da Fonseca, Maria de Jesus Mendes, Isiyara Taverna Pimenta, Liliane da Silva Albuquerque, Estela M. L. Aquino, Letícia de Oliveira Cardoso, Dóra Chor, and Rosane Harter Griep. "Factors Associated with Body Size Perception and Body Image (Dis)Satisfaction in the Elderly: Results of the ELSA-Brasil Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 6632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186632.
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The study aimed to assess the association between body image perception and (dis)satisfaction and sociodemographic and behavioral factors in the elderly, using multinomial logistic regression. Data were analyzed for 1686 women and 1499 men participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Men with less schooling and women with lower per capita income showed higher odds of underestimating their body size. Former smokers of both sexes showed higher odds of overestimating their body size; lower schooling and lower per capita income decreased these odds. Increasing age, lower per capita income, and smoking increased the odds of dissatisfaction due to thinness in men, and married marital status decreased these odds. In women, low per capita income, weekly consumption of vegetables, and smoking increased the odds of such dissatisfaction. Factors that increased the odds of dissatisfaction due to excess weight in both sexes were primary or secondary schooling and former smoking. In women, low per capita income, weak physical activity, weekly consumption of vegetables, and excessive alcohol intake also increased the odds of such dissatisfaction. The results suggest that improved living conditions and the adoption of healthy behaviors can help reduce misperceived negative body image among elderly.
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Campos, Ines, Esther Marín-González, Guilherme Luz, João Barroso, and Nuno Oliveira. "Renewable Energy Prosumers in Mediterranean Viticulture Social–Ecological Systems." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 6781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236781.
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The significant energy demands of wine production pose both a challenge and an opportunity for adopting a low-carbon, more sustainable and potentially less expensive energy model. Nevertheless, the (dis)incentives for the wider adoption of local production and self-consumption of energy (also known as “prosumerism”) from renewable energy sources (RESs) are still not sufficiently addressed, nor are the broader social–ecological benefits of introducing RES as part of a sustainable viticulture strategy. Drawing on the social–ecological systems (SESs) resilience framework, this article presents the results of a Living Lab (an action-research approach) implemented in Alentejo (South of Portugal), which is an important wine-producing Mediterranean region. The triangulation of results from the application of a multi-method approach, including quantitative and qualitative methods, provided an understanding of the constraining and enabling factors for individual and collective RES prosumer initiatives. Top enablers are related to society’s expectation for a greener wine production, but also the responsibility to contribute to reducing carbon emissions and energy costs; meanwhile, the top constraints are financial, legal and technological. The conclusions offer some policy implications and avenues for future research.
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Lopes, António M., and José A. Tenreiro Machado. "Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection Analysis of Soccer Players." Entropy 23, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070793.
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In professional soccer, the choices made in forming a team lineup are crucial for achieving good results. Players are characterized by different skills and their relevance depends on the position that they occupy on the pitch. Experts can recognize similarities between players and their styles, but the procedures adopted are often subjective and prone to misclassification. The automatic recognition of players’ styles based on their diversity of skills can help coaches and technical directors to prepare a team for a competition, to substitute injured players during a season, or to hire players to fill gaps created by teammates that leave. The paper adopts dimensionality reduction, clustering and computer visualization tools to compare soccer players based on a set of attributes. The players are characterized by numerical vectors embedding their particular skills and these objects are then compared by means of suitable distances. The intermediate data is processed to generate meaningful representations of the original dataset according to the (dis)similarities between the objects. The results show that the adoption of dimensionality reduction, clustering and visualization tools for processing complex datasets is a key modeling option with current computational resources.
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Juhász, Krisztina. "Efforts to Disrupt the Authoritarian Equilibrium within the EU. Effects and Counter-effects." Politics in Central Europe 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 723–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2021-0038.
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Abstract The study, leaning on the concept of ‘authoritarian equilibrium’ introduced by R. Daniel Kelemen on the one hand, and new intergovernmentalism as a fresh theoretical approach of the European integration on the other hand, investigates if we can talk about the disruption of the ‘authoritarian equilibrium’ as a consequence of the split up between Fidesz and the EPP, and the adoption of the rule of law conditionality mechanism. In other words, whether we can talk about an initial authoritarian dis-equilibrium? Or can we rather talk about a converse process due to the mechanisms of new intergovernmentalism resulting in the further stabilisation of authoritarian governments and the ineffectiveness of the EU measures devoted to the protection of rule of law? Using qualitative resource analysis of the relevant secondary literature and the documents and legal acts of the EU and its institutions the paper comes to the conclusion that while we have witnessed efforts to disrupt the partisan and the financial support of the Hungarian governing party, these efforts were neutralised by the mechanisms of new intergovernmentalism and as a consequence we still cannot talk about an initial authoritarian disequilibrium in the EU.
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Fan, Fan, Ming Li, Ran Tao, and Dali Yang. "Transfer-based decentralisation, economic growth and spatial inequality: Evidence from China’s 2002–2003 tax sharing reform." Urban Studies 57, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 806–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019856780.
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China has adopted a transfer-based fiscal decentralisation scheme since the mid-1990s. In the 1994 tax sharing reform, the central government significantly raised its share of government revenue vis-à-vis local governments by taking most of the newly created value-added tax on manufacturing. One aim for the adoption of the transfer-based fiscal scheme was to channel more funds to less developed regions and rural areas, and to alleviate growing interregional inequality and urban–rural income disparity. In 2002 and 2003 the Chinese central government further grabbed 50% and 60%, respectively, of the income taxes previously assigned only to local governments while providing more fiscal transfers to the country’s poor regions and the countryside. Utilising the 2002–2003 change in China’s central–local tax sharing regime as an exogenous policy shock, we employ a Simulated Instrumental Variable approach to causally evaluate the effects of the policy shock on growth, interregional inequality and urban–rural disparity. We find the lower local tax share dis-incentivised local governments and led to lower growth. Although higher central transfers helped to reduce interregional inequalities in per capita GDP and per capita income, the equalising effects were only present for urban incomes. We argue that transfer-based decentralisation without bottom-up accountability was detrimental to economic growth and had limited impact on income redistribution.
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Khoza, Sizwile, Dewald Van Niekerk, and Livhuwani David Nemakonde. "Understanding gender dimensions of climate-smart agriculture adoption in disaster-prone smallholder farming communities in Malawi and Zambia." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 28, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 530–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-10-2018-0347.
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Purpose Through the application of traditional and contemporary feminist theories in gender mainstreaming, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to emergent debate on gender dimensions in climate-smart agriculture (CSA) adoption by smallholder farmers in disaster-prone regions. This is important to ensure that CSA strategies are tailored to farmer-specific gender equality goals. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory-sequential mixed methods research design which is qualitatively biased was applied. Key informant interviews and farmer focus group discussions in two study sites formed initial qualitative phase whose findings were explored in a quantitative cross-sectional household survey. Findings Findings shared in this paper indicate the predominant application of traditional gender mainstreaming approaches in CSA focusing on parochial gender dichotomy. Qualitative findings highlight perceptions that western gender approaches are not fully applicable to local contexts and realities, with gender mainstreaming in CSA seemingly to fulfil donor requirements, and ignorant of the heterogeneous nature of social groups. Quantitative findings establish that married men are majority adopters and non-adopters of CSA, while dis-adopters are predominantly de jure female household heads. The latter are more likely to adopt CSA than married women whose main role in CSA is implementers of spouse’s decisions. Access to education, intra-household power relations, productive asset and land ownership are socio-cultural dynamics shaping farmer profiles. Originality/value By incorporating African feminisms and intersectionality in CSA, value of this study lies in recommending gender policy reforms incorporating local gender contexts within the African socio-cultural milieu. This paper accentuates potential benefits of innovative blend of both contemporary and classic gender mainstreaming approaches in CSA research, practice and technology development in disaster-prone regions.
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Colclough, Shane. "The Costs, Benefits and Stakeholder Analysis of an Irish Social Housing Deep Energy Retrofit Case Study." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012110.
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Abstract This paper analyses the results of a pilot deep energy retrofit (DER) implementation including the financial perspectives of the stakeholders with the aim of assisting DER policy development. The Multiple Beneficiary Analysis (MBA) provides technical and energetic details for a recent 12-unit DER social housing project and quantifies the multiple direct and indirect benefits – e.g. financial, economic and societal to enable a stakeholder (beneficiary) analysis. The analysis is apposite given the urgent need for effective policy development in order to enable the achievement of the low-energy retrofit mandated by the EU. The MBA finds that the stakeholder who benefits most (the tenant) makes no financial contribution to the higher standards and while the Central Exchequer also benefits significantly, the stakeholder who makes the upgrade decision (landlord) is financially dis-incentivised. Given the significant benefits which accrue to the Central Exchequer, there is an opportunity for strategic investment by the government to unlock the benefits of low energy dwellings. This would simultaneously realise ongoing financial benefits, “seed” the capability within industry and crucially increase the knowledge and understanding of low energy dwellings which is necessary to enable widespread adoption. The key finding is that despite potential returns of approximately twice the investment, and the urgent need to retrofit existing buildings, the required DER uptake is unlikely as the decision-makers require financial support to unleash the multiple benefits of energy efficient dwellings. A self-financing support is suggested for the case study for consideration.
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МАЛМЕНВАЛЛ, Симон. "LITERARY AND THEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SERMON ON LAW AND GRACE." Науковий і культурно-просвітній краєзнавчий часопис "Галичина", no. 34 (December 10, 2021): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/gal.34.178-192.
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This article studies the literary and theological background of the Sermon on Law and Grace, a famous oration by Ilarion, the (future) Metropolitan of Kyiv, from the mid-eleventh century. The author of this article focuses also on potential patristic models for Ilarion’s theological and patriotic reflection on the recent East Slavic history in the light of the official adoption of Christianity under Volodymyr Sviatoslavich, Prince of Kyiv. The main feature of the mentioned (self-)reflection, relying on the notion of history as the history of salvation, is disregarding the Byzantine political and cultural superiority and, simultaneously, emphasizing the justice of God, who brings his grace equally to all peoples, thus positioning them on the same spiritual level. This kind of reasoning was not a peculiarity of the Rus’ culture but formed a wider phenomenon defined by apologetic attitude and was characteristic of the entire religious-literary tradition of the East Orthodox Slavs between the tenth and sixteenth centuries. While trying to construct a theological justification of the historical value of Kyivan Rus’, Ilarion adapted patristic patterns coming from Byzantium, for example, the explanation of (dis)continuity between the Law of Moses and Christ’s mercy, particularly following Gregory Nazianzen and Patriarch Nicephorus I, or perception of a polity led by a Christian ruler, particularly following Eusebius of Caesarea.
Keywords: Sermon on Law and Grace, Ilarion, Rus’ literature, history of salvation, patristic models
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Shelton, Rachel C., Prajakta Adsul, and April Oh. "Recommendations for Addressing Structural Racism in Implementation Science: A Call to the Field." Ethnicity & Disease 31, Suppl (May 20, 2021): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.31.s1.357.
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Implementation science (IS) has emerged in response to a striking research-to-practice gap, with the goal of accelerating and addressing the development, translation, and widespread uptake of evidence-based interventions (EBIs). Despite the promise of IS, critical gaps and opportunities remain within the field to explicitly facilitate health equity, particularly as they relate to the role of social determinants of health and structural racism. In this commentary, we propose recommendations for the field of IS to include structural racism as a more explicit focus of our work. First, we make the case for including structural racism as a construct and promote its measurement as a determinant within existing IS frameworks/models, laying the foundation for an empirical evidence base on mechanisms through which such factors influence inequitable adoption, implementation, and sustainability of EBIs. Second, we suggest considerations for both EBIs and implementation strategies that directly or indirectly address structural racism and impact health equity. Finally, we call for use of methods and approaches within IS that may be more appropriate for addressing structural racism at multiple ecological levels and clinical and community settings in which we conduct IS, including community-based participatory research and stakeholder engagement. We see these as opportunities to advance the focus on health equity within IS and conclude with a charge to the field to consider making structural racism and the dismantling of racism an explicit part of the IS research agenda.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(Suppl 1):357-364; doi:10.18865/ed.31.S1.357
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Browne, Oakley M. A., P. R. Joyce, J. E. Wells, J. A. Bushnell, and A. R. Hornblow. "Disruptions in Childhood Parental Care as Risk Factors for Major Depression in Adult Women." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 29, no. 3 (September 1995): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679509064952.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of different types of disruptions in childhood parental care before the age of 15 years as risk factors for major depression in women aged 18 to 44 years. The types of disruptions studied were parental death, parental separation or divorce, other types of loss (i.e. adoption, foster-care, etc.), and prolonged separation from both parents. Potential confounding factors were also examined. Method: The data were obtained from a community probability sample. Case-ness was determined by the use of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and both the current (one month) and lifetime prevalence periods were considered. Logistic regression was used to model the influence of each factor, singly and adjusted for the influence of other factors, on the risk for major depression. Results: It was found that in this population 17% had experienced some type of parental loss (parental death 4%, separations/divorce 10% and other types of loss 3%) and 11% had experienced prolonged separation from both parents. Parental loss was significantly associated with lifetime depression, but this effect was no longer significant when adjusted for other factors. However, prolonged separation from both parents was associated with an increased risk of current and lifetime depressive episodes of approximately three to fourfold, even when the risk was adjusted for other factors. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that prolonged separation from both parents has a stronger association with current or lifetime depression in women than do parental death, separation/divorce and other types of loss. Prolonged separation may be a marker for other risk factors and may not be a risk factor on its own.
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Tait, Sam Ira. "Social Stratification and the Distribution of Capital in Kerala, India: Applying Bourdieu to the Centre for Research and Education for Social Transformation." NEXUS: The Canadian Student Journal of Anthropology 24, no. 1 (December 5, 2016): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/nexus.v24i1.1114.
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Long heralded as an oasis of caste consciousness and political mobilization against the formalized caste system in India (Devika, 2010; Steur, 2009), in truth, structural inequality arranged across caste lines persists in the state of Kerala (Mosse, 2010; Nampoothiri, 2009; Isac, 2011). In Kerala, and in India more broadly, inequality is maintained through social categorization; social networks emerging from and mirroring the divisions between castes impart dis/advantages to their members. In the midst of India’s economic liberalization, neoliberal trends including the privatization of education have ossified structures of access to higher education and, as such, competitive employment opportunities (Nampoothiri, 2009). Members of the dominant or ‘upper’ castes continue to be awarded disproportionate access to that which their society values and the tools necessary to succeed while Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) communities operate at a structural disadvantage. This systemic unequal access is precisely what the Centre for Research and Education for Social Transformation (CREST) - an autonomous institution that seeks to enhance the employability of ST, SC and other eligible communities in Kerala - aims to address. I situate the ethnographic fieldwork I conducted at CREST within the theoretical framework outlined in Bourdieu’s (1986) seminal work The Forms of Capital. This approach elucidates the mechanisms through which CREST prepares ST, SC and other eligible communities’ graduates to succeed in contemporary Kerala’s competitive job market. I demonstrate how CREST facilitates the cultivation, adoption and transmission of cultural and social capital among its students and their communities, effectively increasing their capacity for socio-economic mobility. Furthermore, I discuss the potential of CREST to encourage its students’ development of critical perspectives on caste-disparity in their home state.
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Andrea, Schmidt. "Challenges of the Illiberal Democracy in Hungary. Some Aspects to the 2018 Elections." Polish Political Science Review 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppsr-2018-0014.
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Abstract Political transformation reached Hungary in parallel with other Central and Eastern European countries at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. The core of the events, the year of 1989, the so called “annus mirabilis” when, within one year almost the entire Central and Eastern European region stepped onto the path of changes. The actors adopted Western patterns within a short period, institutions of new political systems were established, and a new political power verified and consolidated its legitimacy by free elections. As a final proof of transformation, most of former socialist bloc member states joined both the NATO and the European Union. Hungary had the chance to enter in the 21st century under radically changed and much more favourable conditions than it ever had before. This smooth transformation interrupted by political and economic crisis that finally led to the victory of the opposition that managed to repeat the next elections and implemented the Programme of National Cooperation. The aim of the paper is to analyse why the adoption of the new system enjoys wide support from different social groups and how the old fixations and obsessions persisted in society. This paper also gives a brief explanation about the nature of illiberal democracy in a wider scope and link it with the history of the Hungarian democracy, the (dis) functioning institutions, and confirms the argumentation with some statistical data explaining the correlation between the support of the government and the living standards. It investigates, if the Hungarian illiberal democratic regime interpreted as consequence of the troublesome system changes or if it is rooted in the distorted political system.
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Rizzo, D., L. Stefani, M. Paoli, S. Lazzereschi, B. Nesi, S. Pecchioli, M. Della Bartola, A. Materazzi, and A. Grassotti. "Occurrence of Lily mottle virus on Lilium in Italy." Plant Disease 96, no. 5 (May 2012): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-11-1019-pdn.
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Lily mottle virus (LMoV), a member of the genus Potyvirus, is one of the main viruses infecting lily. Symptoms on lily differ according to the susceptibility and sensitivity of different cultivars and hybrids. They range from leaf mottle or mosaic, vein clearing, chlorotic and yellow streaking, leaf curling, and necrotic spots, to milder forms of leaf symptoms. Plants may even be symptomless at some stages of growth. A varietal collection of Lilium from the early 1990s is held in Pistoia Province (Tuscany, Italy) and is composed of Asian hybrids obtained from intraspecific breeding of commercial cultivars. During a survey conducted from May to June 2010, several plants showing vein clearing, leaf mottle, leaf mosaic, and reddish brownish necrotic spots were observed. Leaf samples from 60 symptomatic or symptomless lily plants, belonging to 20 cultivars, were collected and tested for the presence of LMoV. Samples were assayed by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA and eight of them, belonging to four different cultivars, tested positive. Total RNA was extracted from 2 g of leaf tissue of every collected sample according to the protocol described earlier (3) and cDNA synthesis was performed with an iScript cDNA Synthesis Kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Samples were tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and real-time PCR assays using primers LMoV1 (5′-GCAAATGAGACACTCAATGCTG-3′) and LMoV2 (5′-CGTGCGTGAAGTAACTTCATAG-3′) designed to amplify 651 bp of the coat protein (CP) gene of LMoV (1). Results obtained with RT-PCR and real-time PCR exactly matched those achieved with ELISA assay, and the eight positive samples showed amplicons of the expected size. PCR products from five infected samples were directly sequenced from both directions and submitted in GenBank (Accessions Nos. JQ655106 to JQ655110). Our isolates share more than 99% nucleotide identity among each other. Comparison with other LMoV-CP gene sequences present in GenBank showed nucleotide identities ranging from 93 to 94% with LMoV isolates from South Korea (GenBank Accession Nos. GQ150683 to GQ150686), China (GenBank Accession Nos. EU348826, AJ748256, AJ564636, and AJ564637), Australia (GenBank Accession No. JN127341), and Japan (GenBank Accession No. AB570195). To our knowledge, this is the first report of LMoV on Lilium in Italy where this virus was already reported to infect escarole (2). Considering the economic importance of Lilium production as a flowering plant in Pistoia Province, and in several other areas of Italy, the report of LMoV present on lilies suggests the use of healthy propagation material and the adoption of preventive measures to avoid its diffusion. References: (1) J.-H. Lim et al. Korean J. Microbiol. 45:251, 2009. (2) V. Lisa et al. Plant Dis. 86:329, 2002. (3) D. J. MacKenzie et al. Plant Dis. 81:222, 1997.
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Vona, Pamela, Shilpa Baweja, Catherine DeCarlo Santiago, Gillian Pears, Audra Langley, and Sheryl Kataoka. "A Cross-Site Partnership to Examine Implementation and Sustainability of a School-Based Trauma Program." Ethnicity & Disease 28, Supp (September 6, 2018): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.s2.427.
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Objectives: Schools have been identified as an ideal setting for increasing access to mental health services particularly for underserved minority youth. The emerging field of implementation science has begun to systematically investigate strategies for more efficiently integrating evidence-based practices into community settings. Significantly less translational research has focused specifically on the school setting. To address this need, we examined the implementation of a school-based trauma intervention across three distinct regions.Design: We conducted key informant interviews guided by Mendel’s Framework of Dissemination in Health Services Intervention Research with multiple school stakeholders to examine what school organizational characteristics influence the adoption and implementation process and sustainability of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Trauma in Schools (CBITS). Participants were selected from schools in three geographic regions in the United States: Western, Midwestern, and Southern.Results: Our findings reveal that while sites had some common organizational factors that appeared to facilitate implementation, regions differed in how they compensated for less robust implementation domains. Across all regions, school stakeholders recognized the need for services to support students impacted by trauma. In the Western region, there was no centralized district policy for implementation; therefore, implementation was facilitated by school-level change agents and supervision support from the district mental health unit. In the Midwestern region, centralized district policies drove implementation. In both the Midwestern and Southern regions, implementation was facilitated by collaboration with a local mental health agency.Conclusions: This study contributes to the paucity of empirical information on the organizational factors that influence the implementation of evidence-based mental health interventions in schools. Our findings reveal that different implementation strategies across policies, structures, and resources can result in implementation of a school-based intervention. Frameworks such as Mendel’s can be helpful in identifying areas of strength and improvement of implementation within a school organization.Ethn Dis. 2018; 28(Suppl 2): 427-436; doi:10.18865/ed.28.S2.427
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Costa, Giovanni. "Multidimensional aspects related to shiftworkers' health and well-being." Revista de Saúde Pública 38, suppl (December 2004): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102004000700013.
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The impact of shift and night work on health shows a high inter- and intra-individual variability, both in terms of kind of troubles and temporal occurrence, related to various intervening factors dealing with individual characteristics, lifestyles, work demands, company organisation, family relations and social conditions. The way we define "health" and "well-being" can significantly influence appraisals, outcomes and interventions. As the goal is the optimisation of shiftworkers' health, it is necessary to go beyond the health protection and to act for health promotion. In this perspective, not only people related to medical sciences, but many other actors (ergonomists, psychologists, sociologists, educators, legislators), as well as shiftworkers themselves. Many models have been proposed aimed at describing the intervening variables mediating and/or moderating the effects; they try to define the interactions and the pathways connecting risk factors and outcomes through several human dimensions, which refer to physiology, psychology, pathology, sociology, ergonomics, economics, politics, and ethics. So, different criteria can be used to evaluate shiftworkers' health and well-being, starting from biological rhythms and ending in severe health disorders, passing through psychological strain, job dissatisfaction, family perturbation and social dis-adaptation, both in the short- and long-term. Consequently, it appears rather arbitrary to focus the problem of shiftworkers' health and tolerance only on specific aspects (e.g. individual characteristics), but a systemic approach appears more appropriate, able to match as many variables as possible, and aimed at defining which factors are the most relevant for those specific work and social conditions. This can support a more effective and profitable (for individuals, companies, and society) adoption of preventive and compensative measures, that must refer more to "countervalues" rather than to "counterweights".
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Peters, R. D., K. A. Drake, N. C. Gudmestad, J. S. Pasche, and T. Shinners-Carnelley. "First Report of Reduced Sensitivity to a QoI Fungicide in Isolates of Alternaria solani Causing Early Blight of Potato in Canada." Plant Disease 92, no. 12 (December 2008): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-12-1707b.
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Early blight of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) caused by Alternaria solani Sorauer is a frequent concern for potato growers in Canada. Management of early blight has relied on foliar fungicides that often include quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides such as azoxystrobin. In recent years, isolates of A. solani with reduced sensitivity to QoI fungicides, conferred by the presence of the F129L mutation (in the cytochrome b gene causing amino acid substitution of phenylalanine with leucine at position 129), have become widespread in potato-production areas of the United States, leading to a reduced efficacy of these products (3). Observations of reduced fungicide efficacy, following application of QoI fungicides to commercial fields in Manitoba, Canada in 2007, prompted an examination of the fungicide sensitivity of isolates of A. solani collected from fields in this province. Nine isolates of A. solani were obtained from potato foliage with typical early blight symptoms from four fields in Manitoba using standard protocols (2). Isolates were maintained on clarified V8 agar (1) and identified to species level based on conidial morphology (4). The sensitivity of each isolate to azoxystrobin was determined by assessing conidial germination on water agar plates amended with 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 mg/liter of azoxystrobin with protocols described previously (1). Two reference isolates of A. solani from North Dakota with known sensitivities to azoxystrobin and one isolate from Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, (a province yielding only isolates sensitive to azoxystrobin in previous surveys; R. D. Peters, unpublished data) were included in the assays. Calculated effective concentration (EC50) values (azoxystrobin concentration inhibiting conidial germination by 50%) were determined for each isolate response from two replications of the assays. The reference isolates of A. solani from North Dakota were sensitive or had reduced sensitivity to azoxystrobin with mean EC50 values of 0.02 and 0.2 mg/liter, respectively. The isolate from PEI was sensitive to azoxystrobin with a mean EC50 value of 0.04 mg/liter. By contrast, isolates of A. solani from Manitoba had reduced sensitivity to azoxystrobin with mean EC50 values from 0.2 to 0.8 mg/liter. Real-time PCR analysis of each isolate was performed (2) and confirmed the presence of the F129L mutation in the Manitoba isolates and the isolate with reduced sensitivity to azoxystrobin from North Dakota. The F129L mutation was absent in the azoxystrobin-sensitive wild-type isolates from PEI and North Dakota. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolates of A. solani with reduced sensitivity to azoxystrobin in Canada. Since cross resistance among QoI fungicides has been demonstrated in A. solani isolates with the F129L mutation (3), adoption of resistance management strategies, including alternating QoI fungicides with fungicides having different modes of action and further monitoring pathogen populations for QoI sensitivity in Canadian production areas, is recommended. References: (1) J. S. Pasche et al. Plant Dis. 88:181, 2004. (2) J. S. Pasche et al. Plant Dis. 89:269, 2005. (3) J. S. Pasche and N. C. Gudmestad. Crop Prot. 27:427, 2008. (4) J. Rotem. The Genus Alternaria: Biology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenicity. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1994.
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Bryukhina, Eugenia R., and Ekaterina A. Chertkova. "MEDIATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE WAY OF SETTLING FAMILY DISPUTES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 40 (2021): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/40/12.
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The article examines the specific goals and objectives of family mediation, the characte-ristics of the status and work of the mediator and the characteristics of the procedure of recon-ciliation of the parties to the family legal conflicts, touches on the problems of legislation and practice of mediation in the consideration of family legal conflicts. The article substantiates the need to distinguish mediation in disputes arising from family legal relations as a separate type of conflict resolution procedures with the participation of a mediator. Modern formation and development of civil society in conditions of democracy reveals more and more interest of participants of legal relations in independent settlement of disputable situations. With the adoption of Federal Law No. 193-FZ of 27.07.2010 "On alternative dis-pute resolution procedure with the participation of a mediator (mediation procedure)" media-tion is increasingly being used as one of the most efficient non-jurisdictional means of dispute resolution. The article substantiates the need to distinguish mediation in disputes arising from family legal relations as a separate type of conflict resolution procedure with the participation of a mediator. The methodology of the study is based on the formal-legal method, which is used in the study of the legal institution of mediation. In addition, as part of the study of the fre-quency and nature of the use of mediation procedures for the resolution of disputes referred to the court, the statistical method was used. The paper examines the legislation on mediation of the Russian Federation, identifies some problems of law enforcement, and proposes possible ways to solve them. The article proposes to eliminate legislative contradictions regarding the possibility of recourse to court with an agreement on mediation, to indicate in the Federal Law "On Mediation" the existence of a mediation agreement is not a condition but a basis for mediation, as well as to legislate the possibility of mediation by telecommunication.
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Kennedy, Byron S., Anne Kern, John Ricci, Mary Younge, Kathy Carelock, Brenda Bedard, Kim Smith, and Roxana Inscho. "Compliance with a New York State 2010 HIV Testing Law: Is There Racial/Ethnic Bias in HIV Testing? Experience of Monroe County, New York, 2012." Ethnicity & Disease 26, no. 1 (January 21, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.26.1.91.
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<p><strong>Background</strong>: While routine HIV testing in the general population is a national recommendation, actual practice may vary.</p><p><strong>Purpose</strong>: To determine risk factors associated with HIV testing after the adoption of a New York State law in 2010 mandating that healthcare providers offer HIV testing in all clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong>: Survey data from Monroe County, New York, were collected in 2012 for adults aged 18-64 years and analyzed in 2014. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors independently associated with HIV testing and high-risk behavior.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Among adults aged 18-34 years, fewer Whites were offered HIV testing in the past year by their doctors compared with Blacks (34% vs 64%) despite having similar rates of any HIV high-risk behavior (20% overall). For adults aged 35-64 years, fewer Whites than Blacks were ever tested for HIV (42% vs 71%), offered HIV testing in past year (17% vs 40%), and reported any HIV high-risk behavior (3% vs 13%). Latinos showed intermediate levels. With logistic regression analysis, ever tested for HIV was independently associated with only race/ethnicity; offered HIV testing in the past year was associated with females, Blacks and Latinos, aged 18-34 years, and having a routine health checkup in past year; any HIV high-risk behavior was associated with only younger age. </p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: To improve HIV testing rates as well as compliance with state laws and national guidelines, targeted efforts should be considered that improve perceptions of risk and emphasize the value of routine HIV screening, including those directed at white adults and their health care providers. <em>Ethn Dis.</em> 2016;26(1):91-98; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.91</p>
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Oates, Gabriela R., Bryant W. Hamby, Sejong Bae, Maria C. Norena, H. Olivia Hart, and Mona N. Fouad. "Bikeshare Use in Urban Communities: Individual and Neighborhood Factors." Ethnicity & Disease 27, Suppl 1 (November 9, 2017): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.27.s1.303.
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<p class="Pa7"><strong>Objective: </strong>Bicycling is an affordable way to increase access to employment, schooling, and services and an effective measure against obesity. Bikeshare programs can make bicycling accessible to diverse populations, but little evidence exists on their adoption in low-resource neighborhoods. Our study examined factors associated with bikeshare use in a metropolitan area in the southern United States.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of a database of clients (N=815) who rented a bicycle from Zyp Bikeshare in Birmingham, Alabama between October 2015 and November 2016. Individual-level variables included bike use frequency, average speed, total miles traveled, total minutes ridden, bike type (traditional vs electricity-assisted pedelec), membership type, sex, and age. Area-level data aggregated to Census tracts, proxies for neighborhoods, were obtained from the 2010 US Census after geocoding clients’ billing addresses. Using exploratory factor analysis, a neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage index (SDI) was constructed. Bikeshare station presence in a tract was included as a covariate. Multivariate linear regression models, adjusted for clustering on Census tracts, were estimated to determine predictors of bikeshare use.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>In a multivariate regression model of individual and neighborhood characteristics adjusted for clustering, each decile increase in the SDI was associated with a 9% increase in bikeshare use (P<.001). Bikeshare use was also positively associated with speed (.1, P<.001), total miles (.008, P<.001), and pedelec use (1.02, P<.01).</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with higher bikeshare use. Bikeshare is a viable transportation option in low-resource neighborhoods and may be an effective tool to improve the connectivity, livability, and health of urban communities. <em></em></p><p class="Pa7"><em></em>Ethn Dis. 2017;27(Suppl 1):303-312; doi:10.18865/ed.27.S1.303.</p>
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Blackman Carr, Loneke T., Carmen Samuel-Hodge, Dianne Stanton Ward, Kelly R. Evenson, Shrikant I. Bangdiwala, and Deborah F. Tate. "Racial Differences in Weight Loss Mediated by Engagement and Behavior Change." Ethnicity & Disease 28, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.1.43.
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<strong></strong><p class="Pa7"><strong>Objective: </strong>We set out to determine if a primarily Internet-delivered behavioral weight loss intervention produced differential weight loss in African American and non-Hispanic White women, and to identify possible mediators.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Design: </strong>Data for this analysis were from a randomized controlled trial, collected at baseline and 4-months.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Setting: </strong>The intervention included monthly face-to-face group sessions and an Internet component that participants were recommended to use at least once weekly.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Participants: </strong>We included overweight or obese African American and non-Hispanic White women (n=170), with at least weekly Internet access, who were able to attend group sessions.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Intervention: </strong>Monthly face-to-face group sessions were delivered in large or small groups. The Internet component included automated tailored feedback, self-monitoring tools, written lessons, video resources, problem solving, exercise action planning tools, and social support through message boards.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate race group differences in weight change.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>Non-Hispanic White women lost more weight than African American women (-5.03% vs.-2.39%, P=.0002). Greater website log-ins and higher change in Eating Behavior Inventory score in non-Hispanic White women partially mediated the race-weight loss relationship.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The weight loss disparity may be addressed through improved website engagement and adoption of weight control behaviors. <em></em></p><p class="Default"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(1):43-48; doi:10.18865/ed.28.1.43.</p>
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Olatubosun, Posi, Erica Charles, and Tolulope Omoyele. "Rethinking luxury brands and sustainable fashion business models in a risk society." Journal of Design, Business & Society 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 49–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/dbs_00020_1.
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This exploratory work investigates the burgeoning integration of ‘cradle to cradle’ practices into primary strategic activities of procurement, production and sales by ten London based fashion businesses, analysing how profits are derived from offsetting the high costs of sustainable inputs against savings from innovative strategic choices in the production value chain. This research was influenced by the background knowledge that in the global fashion industry, less than 1 per cent of the recycled textiles are converted into new wearable materials, and even more of these textiles end up in landfills. However, this unsustainable tradition in the fashion industry may gradually give way to a mainstream circular economic best practice in the fashion industry, even as the Mckinsey Report found that sustainability will be a significant factor for consumer purchasing mass market apparels by 2025. Based on the semi-structured interview of the ten fashion business owners and the analyses of internal strategic policy documents including budgets, we adopted Garret Hardin’s ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ and Ulrich Beck’s risk society as the lens view through which the qualitative data derived from these fashion businesses were discussed in order to bring out the illustrative extracts and sub-themes. Through the application of interpretive methodological approach, we were able to generate the themes suggesting the ‘Becksian’ reflexive modernization and dis-embedding mechanisms in analysing the issue of trust in luxury fashion environment. We were able to demonstrate the multidisciplinary and multifaceted nature of the use of modern technology in achieving a closed-loop circular economy in luxury fashion business(es) and its interconnectedness within the concentric layers of the value-chain, which is part of the economy, which is in turn a subset of the society and the environment. As businesses are expected to adapt their strategies to the changing environment, we argue that dematerialization in fashion is still at its infancy, and some deliberate actions on the part of economic policy-makers may be required in due course as this is connected to social sustainability amongst others. This article contributes new empirical data to the understanding of luxury fashion business in a circular economy, which is a departure from the linear economy with its attendant externalities. The adoption of a sustainable fashion business model may be pivotal to combating the inefficiency costs built into the fashion industry, and if successful, may be replicated in other jurisdictions in due course.
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Emmons, Karen M., and David A. Chambers. "Commentary: Policy Implementation Science - An Unexplored Strategy to Address Social Determinants of Health." Ethnicity & Disease 31, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.31.1.133.
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This commentary explores the ways in which robust research focused on policy implementation will increase our ability to understand how to – and how not to – address social determinants of health.We make three key points in this commentary. First, policies that affect our lives and health are developed and implemented every single day, like it or not. These include “small p” policies, such as those at our workplaces that influence whether we have affordable access to healthy food at work, as well as “large P” policies that, for example, determine at a larger level whether our children’s schools are required to provide physical education. However, policies interact with context and are likely to have differential effects across different groups based on demographics, socioeconomic status, geography, and culture. We are unlikely to improve health equity if we do not begin to systematically evaluate the ways in which policies can incorporate evidence-based approaches to reducing inequities and to provide structural supports needed for such interventions to have maximal impact. A policy mandating physical education in schools will do little to address disparities in fitness and weight-related outcomes if all schools cannot provide the resources for physical education teachers and safe activity spaces.Second, as we argue for an increased emphasis on policy implementation science, we acknowledge its nascent status. Although the field of implementation science has become increasingly robust in the past decade, there has been only limited application to policy. However, if we are strategic and systematic in application of implementation science approaches and methods to health-related policy, there is great opportunity to discover its impact on social determinants. This will entail fundamental work to develop common measures of policy-relevant implementation processes and outcomes, to develop the capacity to track policy proposal outcomes, and to maximize our capacity to study natural experiments of policy implementation.Third, development of an explicit policy implementation science agenda focused on health equity is critical. This will include efforts to bridge scientific evidence and policy adoption and implementation, to evaluate policy impact on a range of health equity outcomes, and to examine differential effects of varied policy implementation processes across population groups.We cannot escape the reality that policy influences health and health equity. Policy implementation science can have an important bearing in understanding how policy impacts can be health-promoting and equitable.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):133-138; doi:10.18865/ed.31.1.133
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Bichia, Quji. "THE EFFECT OF NETWORK TYPES ON HERD BEHAVIOR." Globalization and Business 4, no. 8 (December 27, 2019): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2019.08.021.
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This paper aims to compare spread of an opinion, norm, innovation or a belief in different types of networks. For this purpose, different network metrics are discussed and results of network model are summarized based on simulations. Norms may spread from a single source or multiple sources and these issues require separate analysis. Networks play an important role in decisions that people make. They determine what information someone will receive and how will he act within this limited information. As it turns out, small number of people can influence decisions of majority. These can be consumption decision, decisions about adopting new technologies, innovations, medical practice, social norms and so on. Mathematical models of net- works help us understand how these processes propagate. There are different types of networks that can emerge within a society or some group and there are characteristics that can describe roles of group members in spreading some idea or innovation. Networks can be of many kinds but human networks tend to have common characteristics. Therefore, current work focuses on 4 types of networks - small world, single-hub (one central figure), multi-hub (many central figures) and two-component. Small world random networks are observed in different situations and they can be used to describe some human interaction networks. Many networks are described by power law distributions, where new members of a net- work have a preferential attachment and link to other highly connected members. Single-hub and multi-hub networks describe such situations. Two-component network is used to describe polarized groups that have opposing views and are competing with each other. This could be political parties or competing firms. The present paper analyzes patterns of information flow across different types of networks and compares the conditions for the emergence of group behavior. Contribution of this work is the simulation results that show how different networks exhibit varying outcomes and propagate opinions differently. Simulations on small world, single-hub, multi-hub and two-component networks with 150 members show that net- work types matter in terms of how fast can group behavior spread within a network. The process of spreading group behavior is as follows: Every individual receives some signal si about a binary decision. Individuals make the first decision based on their signals because they have no other information. In the next step, every individual looks at the decisions of those in his or her neighborhood and updates his or her belief by the Bayes rule. On the next step they observe others’ actions again and decide whether to change own action or not and so on. After some stages, a stable point is reached where no one is willing to change his decision anymore. The study compares the times needed to reach stability in different types of networks. Simulations have shown that the speed of propagation of a belief varies according to who is the source of this process. However, the difference is not big within a small world network. As it turns out, full distribution occurs in at least 4 and a maximum of 20 periods, and the average time of full distribution varies from 6.5 to 8.6, depending on whether the most connected member is the source or the least connected one. The result is quite different if there is one central figure. The presence of one central figure prevents information from spreading across the network, as there is preferential attach- ment and some members can only acquire one connection. If there are several central figures, the full spread occurs relatively faster. In a two-component network, full adoption oc- curs quite rapidly. Although the connection between components is almost non-existent, a small number of existing links play a critical role in rapidly disseminating a behavior. Group behavior spreads more rapidly in a random net- work than in a network characteristic of a special society on average. But multi-hub network has the potential for the fast- est spread (although information disseminates faster in a ran- dom network on average). Group behavior is slow to spread in a single-hub network, as some individuals are very weakly connected to other areas of the network. An opinion spread in the neighbourhood of the central figure will soon reach all members of around him or her but it will take a long time to reach far ends of the network. The two-component network in this regard maintains a balance between the speed of dis- tribution and the area of distribution. There is least variation between adoption times in a two-component network (not considering the small-world random network). The high variation in single-hub and multi-hub networks indicates that it is advisable to consider more specific situations for accurate results. Comparison of adoption times within multi-hub net- works of different size shows that adoption happens at the same speed most of the time regardless of the network size. When two opposing opinions are being spread and one of the opinions is dominated by the other, it takes similar time periods for all sizes of multi-hub networks.