Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diritto sociale'
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Cavazza, Christian <1972>. "“Finanziamenti” dei soci, capitale sociale e tutela dei creditori sociali." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1180/1/Cavazza_Christian_tesi.pdf.
Full textCavazza, Christian <1972>. "“Finanziamenti” dei soci, capitale sociale e tutela dei creditori sociali." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1180/.
Full textCASCARANO, APOLLONIA. "ORDINE PUBBLICO ECONOMICO TRA PROGRESSO ECONOMICO E SVILUPPO SOCIALE." Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITà DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO BICOCCA, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/64775.
Full textThe study shows the existence of an European constitutional dimension of values and principles including the CEDU and the national constitutions, establishing the presence of an European public order underlining the display of a constitutional European system. The research tries to prospect the existence of an European integration at juridical level, granting the European juridical pluralism, highlighting the identity of each system, unifying the process of integration and the defense of pluralism, showing a defective juridical situation related to the granting of fundamental rights. The study appeals to the concept of public order that states the unity of juridical systems defining the concept of European constitutional pluralism through the mutual acknowledgment and achievement of a constitutional dimension. Among both the concepts of formal constitution and real constitution, it is preferred that of Verfassung ,real constitution. The concept of public order retains and gives values to the differences and conflicts and becomes the result of the conflict between the retention and promotion of values and fundamental principles. It is added the concept of public economic order as a variable category that marks the beginning of a new law that prevents and settle social conflicts. The public economic order oppose the abstract nature of old orders through the legislation of social categories where the contract is subject to rules of contractual typology and to the legal entity of the parts. The conceptual innovation that brings to the distinction between the two concept of public order and public economic order is the statuale base : the concept of public economic order is based on the forms of social State where the social justifies the public intervention in economy, becoming a legal notion of political and social economy. The relationship between law and economy appears important to better understand the meaning of the category of public and economic order: it is marked the need to create real and non-abstract conceptions of the system and to recover the experience of human relationships and that of the interpersonal communication. The proposal of a general theory in an economic setting reveals the deficiencies of an abstract method together with the need of a “new anthropology” upon which the subsidiary concept is based. The new typology gives value to the autonomy and to the ability of the individual and it is consequence of the natural auto govern of the human person. An analysis of the relationship between the economic order and the juridical system follows: social rules join the subsidiary role of institutions that provide for the deficiencies of procedures. There is a communication between the two subjects through which the concept of communication gains importance, thus supposing a system upon which the subsidiary intervention of institutions that work for the welfare of community life is based. The new concept of public economic order becomes a category that mediate the interrelations among the principles of the Community system and the rules of the Community market. The economic development and the social progress are the two cornerstones of the category, always tending towards a balance between the two purposes , identified at European levels as fundamental values and interpreted from the law of the Court as basic for its decisions. It is underlined the fulfillment of the concept in the Community setting in which the need of defending economic freedom has been associated to the protection of other values. The balance for the achievement of the public economic order lacks in many areas of international law where the concept of free trade prevails over social values and human person.
Fiore, Fabio. "Impresa sociale ed ente ecclesiastico." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1330.
Full textOggetto della tesi di dottorato è stato lo studio dell’Impresa Non Lucrativa di Utilità Sociale (I.N.L.U.S.), introdotta dal d. lgs. n. 155 del 2006, con particolare riferimento alla sua applicazione agli enti ecclesiastici. Difatti, i numerosi richiami all’ente ecclesiastico contenuti nella disciplina sulle INLUS sono di tale portata da creare una sorta di decreto nel decreto che fanno dubitare della stessa opportunità di legiferare in occasione dell’introduzione dell’impresa sociale su una tipologia di enti, quale quella dell’ente ecclesiastico, dotata di peculiarità normative, strutturali e funzionali che ne avrebbero di converso giustificato una disciplina ad hoc, che avrebbe altresì evitato contrasti e sovrapposizioni normative. Una parte rilevante ed innovativa dello studio compiuto si è soffermato sull’analisi dell’imprenditorialità dell’ente ecclesiastico e ad una sua possibile applicazione delle procedure concorsuali. Quest’ultima, difatti, è una disputa che ha da sempre interessato e diviso gli studiosi delle materie ecclesiasticista e commercialista e che proprio con la normativa sull’impresa sociale ha trovato nuova linfa: proprio l’art. 15 del decreto I.N.L.U.S. dispone una penetrante deroga per gli enti ecclesiastici, non sottoposti all’applicazione della procedura della liquidazione coatta amministrativa come invece disposto per le altre tipologie di enti che abbiano acquisito la qualifica di impresa sociale. Lo studio di questa deroga è divenuto ancor più interessante ed attuale all’indomani delle prime pronunce di merito sulla questione dell’applicazione delle procedure concorsuali all’ente ecclesiastico-impresa sociale. Il definitivo cambio di rotta è rappresentato dalla sentenza emessa il 3 dicembre 2009 dal Tribunale civile di Paola, la quale ha stabilito che ove l’ente ecclesiastico si faccia imprenditore dovrà applicarsi la relativa disciplina ivi compresa quella fallimentare, poggiando tale assunto su due dati normativi: un requisito diretto e relativo all’art. 1 della l. fall., ed un requisito indiretto, che fa capo agli artt. 6 e 15 del d. lgs. n. 155 del 2006. Su tutte queste questioni e su uno sguardo all’applicazione di alcuni casi concreti della disciplina dell’impresa sociale si è soffermato lo studio da me compiuto nel ciclo dottorale e sviluppato nell’elaborato finale. [a cura dell'autore]
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Medico, Francesco <1993>. "Costituzionalismo democratico e diritto sovranazionale: la questione sociale in Europa." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9671/1/FRANCESCO%20MEDICO%20tesi%20dottorato.pdf.
Full textThis thesis addresses the evolving relationship between democratic constitutionalism and supranational law in Europe. The research is based on the idea that the increase in recent decades of constitutional conflicts between the two systems is due to their fundamental difference, particularly considering the absence of the social question in supranational law. The first chapter analyses the main legal theories that have provided the theoretical habitus for interpreting the integration process, justifying the adoption of a reading of the dynamics of the legal system through the prism of conflicts and the material constitution. The second chapter looks at the analysis of the case law, subdivided into two blocks: firstly – having studied some cornerstones of supranational law – the two systems will be compared, in a static way, on some themes (principle of non-discrimination, freedom of enterprise and the balancing with collective interests, the rights of democratic pressure, etc.) in order to highlight the different approaches. Secondly, it will be examined, in a more dynamic perspective, different disruptions that have affected the relations between systems: the former has been developed on the respect of fundamental rights by supranational law, while the latter, still in progress, focuses on the constitutional identity. In the final chapter, an attempt will be made to develop – on the basis of the results of the theoretical debate and of the case law analysis – a final proposal that tries to unite the social question and the constitutional identity in European public law, based on a more central role that the Constitutional Courts will have to play in the development of the dynamics of the legal system, in order to bring to the surface certain conflicts of value, absent in the European public space.
CATERINO, Giuseppina. "L'ACCERTAMENTO DELLA PERICOLOSITA' SOCIALE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Cassino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11580/77867.
Full textCosio, Roberta Maria Chiara <1991>. "Responsabilità da contatto sociale qualificato." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17861.
Full textDei, Rossi Alice <1993>. "Cure Palliative e Servizio Sociale." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11684.
Full textOrtiz, Gonzalez Conde Francisco Miguel <1987>. "Fondamenti comparati del diritto della Sicurezza Sociale tra Italia e Spagna." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7289/1/Ortiz_Gonzalez_Conde_Francisco_Miguel_Tesi.pdf.
Full textThis thesis analyses the Italian and Spanish foundations of Social Security systems from a comparative law approach, comparing equivalent legal categories in both countries. This thesis is structured in four chapters: Chapter I, in general, it deals with the Spanish and Italian systems in parallel during the fascist dictatorships, the different constitutional periods (1931, 1948 and 1978) and the new Beveridge approaches in both mediterranean countries. Chapter II faces the trend to universalize the personal scope of application through the exceptions to the principles of professionalism and lex loci laboris. Chapter III regulates the different interpretations in the material scope of application and the ambivalent approaches of both Constitutional Courts, as they have not reached a single and specific answer. It sometimes highlights the importance of the situation of need and others it focuses on the risk of protected events. Chapter IV is about the concept of an adequate pension and the major differences of both systems. It can be anticipated the imprecise and indirect pronunciations of the Spanish Constitutional Court, unlike the extensive Italian constitutional jurisprudence. Both countries have confirmed, among other topics, the fiscal nature of social security contributions in order to support the differences between the levels of pension benefits and contributions. It also shows the differences in the pensions equalization mechanisms and the latest judgments on the suspension in 2012 (in both countries).
La hipótesis de partida de la presente tesis es el análisis de los fundamentos nacionales del derecho a la Seguridad Social en Italia y en España. La metodología empleada ha sido el derecho comparado, confrontando categorías jurídicas y no meramente países. La tesis se estructura en cuatro capítulos. El capítulo I, general, se ocupa de los sistemas en modo paralelo durante las etapas fascistas, la influencia recíproca durante los períodos constitucionales (1931,1948, 1978) y la acogida de los principios beveridgianos en ambos países del Mediterráneo. El capítulo II afronta la tendencia hacia la universalización del ámbito subjetivo a través de las excepciones a los principios de profesionalidad y lex loci laboris. El capítulo II regula las diferentes interpretaciones del ámbito material y los enfoque ambivalentes de ambos Tribunales Constitucionales, que no han alcanzado una respuesta única y univoca, unas veces otorgando mayor protagonismo al estado de necesidad, otras en cambio al acaecimiento del riesgo protegido. Finalmente, en el capítulo IV, sobre el concepto de pensión adecuada, se encuentran las mayores diferencias entre sistemas. Es posible adelantar los pronunciamientos imprecisos e indirectos del Tribunal Constitucional español a diferencia de la ingente jurisprudencia italiana. Para sostener el descuelgue entre las prestaciones percibidas y las contribuciones versadas, ambos países han afirmado, entre otros argumentos, la naturaleza fiscal de las cuotas. Se han encontrado diferencias entre los mecanismos de revalorización de pensiones; en este sentido, las recientes sentencias sobre la suspensión del 2012 (en ambos países)
Ortiz, Gonzalez Conde Francisco Miguel <1987>. "Fondamenti comparati del diritto della Sicurezza Sociale tra Italia e Spagna." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7289/.
Full textThis thesis analyses the Italian and Spanish foundations of Social Security systems from a comparative law approach, comparing equivalent legal categories in both countries. This thesis is structured in four chapters: Chapter I, in general, it deals with the Spanish and Italian systems in parallel during the fascist dictatorships, the different constitutional periods (1931, 1948 and 1978) and the new Beveridge approaches in both mediterranean countries. Chapter II faces the trend to universalize the personal scope of application through the exceptions to the principles of professionalism and lex loci laboris. Chapter III regulates the different interpretations in the material scope of application and the ambivalent approaches of both Constitutional Courts, as they have not reached a single and specific answer. It sometimes highlights the importance of the situation of need and others it focuses on the risk of protected events. Chapter IV is about the concept of an adequate pension and the major differences of both systems. It can be anticipated the imprecise and indirect pronunciations of the Spanish Constitutional Court, unlike the extensive Italian constitutional jurisprudence. Both countries have confirmed, among other topics, the fiscal nature of social security contributions in order to support the differences between the levels of pension benefits and contributions. It also shows the differences in the pensions equalization mechanisms and the latest judgments on the suspension in 2012 (in both countries).
La hipótesis de partida de la presente tesis es el análisis de los fundamentos nacionales del derecho a la Seguridad Social en Italia y en España. La metodología empleada ha sido el derecho comparado, confrontando categorías jurídicas y no meramente países. La tesis se estructura en cuatro capítulos. El capítulo I, general, se ocupa de los sistemas en modo paralelo durante las etapas fascistas, la influencia recíproca durante los períodos constitucionales (1931,1948, 1978) y la acogida de los principios beveridgianos en ambos países del Mediterráneo. El capítulo II afronta la tendencia hacia la universalización del ámbito subjetivo a través de las excepciones a los principios de profesionalidad y lex loci laboris. El capítulo II regula las diferentes interpretaciones del ámbito material y los enfoque ambivalentes de ambos Tribunales Constitucionales, que no han alcanzado una respuesta única y univoca, unas veces otorgando mayor protagonismo al estado de necesidad, otras en cambio al acaecimiento del riesgo protegido. Finalmente, en el capítulo IV, sobre el concepto de pensión adecuada, se encuentran las mayores diferencias entre sistemas. Es posible adelantar los pronunciamientos imprecisos e indirectos del Tribunal Constitucional español a diferencia de la ingente jurisprudencia italiana. Para sostener el descuelgue entre las prestaciones percibidas y las contribuciones versadas, ambos países han afirmado, entre otros argumentos, la naturaleza fiscal de las cuotas. Se han encontrado diferencias entre los mecanismos de revalorización de pensiones; en este sentido, las recientes sentencias sobre la suspensión del 2012 (en ambos países)
Gastaldello, Chiara <1985>. "Integrazione economica e Diritti sociali : il ruolo della clausola sociale nei Free Trade Agreement." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3280.
Full textCagnin, Valentina <1985>. "Sviluppo sostenibile e diritto del lavoro." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3959.
Full textThis thesis aims to investigate the concept of sustainable development, with an overview of the concept’s evolutionary stages, in order to get its intrinsic characteristics and to understand the different meaning it has in its three fundamental pillars (environmental, economic and social). After investigating the sustainable development roots and critics in economic theories, an overview of the legislation and case law references to this concept, both at the national and international level, is offered. The reconstruction of the doctrinal debate on the theme of sustainable development follows, and some examples of sustainable development practical application (TTIP, CSR, GSP and Horizontal Social Clause) are analyzed. Finally a reflection on the similarities between this paradigm and the labour law and on the future potential relations between sustainable development and labour law is proposed.
Pauciulo, Domenico. "La responsabilità sociale delle imprese multinazionali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/66434.
Full textIn today's economic and political world characterized by globalization and interdependence of markets, by an increasingly internationalization of production processes and by business operations of the company conducted simultaneously in several countries, by an increased consumer awareness regarding compliance of production processes to values that are considered essential by civil society, as fundamental human rights and labour and environmental protection, MNEs have a fundamental role in addressing the global economic trends. In this perspective, then, the concept of corporate social responsibility attracts companies to consider carefully - in the definition of its strategy and in the articulation of policies and procedures daily management - the various interests of the community, as well as the impact of its activities, not only in economic terms but also in social, environmental and ethical issues. Social responsibility is, therefore, a useful tool for the enterprise and effective way to respond to the needs and demands of civil society.With the CSR arises, therefore, a theory of business that sees the production of goods not only as a means of profit, but also as an opportunity for the realization of social welfare, as dictated bythe school of thought of thebusiness ethics, which invite companies to take action in orderto eliminate and prevent social inequities and promote community development. This need was also consequential to the abusescommitted by transnational corporations that have caused serious damage to human communities of their host countries. Abuses committed by companies, not always related to specific violations of national laws, have been gradually interpreted and constructed as a violation or misconduct against a set of principles defined as belonging to a broad spectrum of social responsibility international, which implies loss of reputation and, therefore, the possible reduction of its share on the market where the key stakeholders concerned can mobilize public opinion on a large scale. Since the 70s, several international organizations have begun to deal with the regulation of transnational corporations, highlighting the role that multinational corporations are called to play in the process of protection of human rights and of the environment that emerge in the course of their economic activity. Is fundamental for the work plan, define the multinational enterprise, by analysing the various instruments adopted by international organizations and doctrinal contributions on the subject, the light of which it seems possible to say that the character of "multinationality" or "transnationality" is the presence of various operating units, located in different countries, which are under the control (equity or management) of a single holding company; the distinction between operational units extends to the legal point of view, as the individual subsidiaries are independent legal entities subject, relatively to the profiles of the regulation and constitution, subjected to the legal system of the State of nationality. It often means that companies choose the host country on the basis of convenience that this country provides in relation to the tax treatment, labour costs and raw materials, to the rules on environmental protection. It therefore seems necessary to attempt to regulate multinational enterprises by supranational bodies, in relation to the increasing number of companies operating in multiple markets (more than 80,000 companies with about 900,000 subsidiaries), to their economic and employment (an estimated 80 million job opportunities) and following several incidents involving such companies from the '70s to today, as in the case of Drummond or Del Monte, accused of severe repression of trade union rights and social rights of workers, or Chevron/ Texaco and Union Carbide, responsible for environmental disasters including that of Bhopal, India, to the case of the environmental disaster caused by the Deepwater Horizon rig off the coast of Florida and Louisiana between 2010 and 2011, or cases of human rights violations and commission of international crimes (arbitrary detention, torture, rape, inhumane and degrading treatment) by transnational corporations operating in the mining industry in Africa and South East Asia, made directly or through the militias hired to the protection of plants. The activities of international organizations, from the 70s, focused on the theme, the OECD, the International Labour Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce adopted in those years, recommendations and declarations addressed to the Member States and the companies for adherence to certain principles and rights already provided by other conventional instruments; also the United Nations, first through the work of the Committee on Multinational Enterprises and then through the subcommittee for the protection and promotion of human rights, have dealt with the matter, coming to the elaboration of a Code of Conduct for Multinational Enterprises (never adopted) and rules on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regard to human rights, alongside to the public-private partnership of the Global Compact. Still, other international organizations such as the World Health Organization, the WTO, the World Bank, the International Standards Organization (which as a private nature), have taken actions that invite businesses to carry out its production activities in full respect of fundamental human rights, of local communities needs and of the environment, and then taking into account not only the interests and rights of the shareholders but to all those involved in various ways affected the activity or business. Finally, it is the work of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General John Ruggie to develop a framework (called Protect, Respect, Remedy) concerning the relationship between business and human rights. The characteristic of the analysed tools is their non-binding nature, then merely hortatory and voluntary application. This situation is linked mainly to two reasons: the disputed international subjectivity of multinational enterprises and the opposing views of Governments on the subject (with obvious differences of views between developing countries and industrialized countries). Regard to the subjectivity of transnational corporations, or the status of being holders of rights and obligations arising from international law, international legal theory is strongly divided. According to one view, MNEs would not be subject to international law as they are only recipients of rules, and then the "object" of international law would be subject only to the jurisdiction of the state, and bound by international law only by virtue of the reference made by the domestic legal system. Since the '60s, a different doctrinal trend began to make his way starting from the known opinion Reparations for Injuries of the International Court of Justice, and then considering the company as a subject of international law, by virtue of a series of rights and duties which are assigned to it by international law, especially in the field of investment and international contracts (among them, the right to appeal an arbitration tribunal or judicial character arbitration). In addition, the constant attention to the activities of MNEs by international organizations, could witness the nascent opiniojuris to give ainternational subjectivity to businesses, albeit limited. An analysis of international practice have taken provisional findings, in particular that the company, especially in the field of economic law and investment, possesses an international limitedlegal personality and mainly derived from the will of the States, but above all functional, as contained in limits established by international treaty (BITs) or international agreement that establishes rights and obligations for the same. In recent years the European Union has begun to promote adhesion of the companies core values of human rights, labour standards and sustainable development. From the Green Paper of 2001, the EU has developed progressively a European strategy for corporate social responsibility, described as spontaneous adoption of practices to contribute to the improvement of society and the quality of the environment. The EU strategy is characterized by having an internal dimension to the company, establishing a series of action programs and the adoption of management systems, processes, and external to it, calling for the involvement of local communities, commercial partners, customers, suppliers, NGOs, state authorities. To this end, the EU launched a series of initiatives, such as EMAS and Ecolabel certification ecological and environmental audit, the multi-stakeholder forum, to form a legal framework to regulate public procurement and environmental sustainability, protection of consumer, misleading advertising, and the adoption of sectorial codes of conduct based on the principles of CSR. The regulatory activities of CSR has received a grant from the multinational enterprises themselves, in the sense of a self-regulation of their activities, through codes of conduct adopted by each company independently according to their own strategies and values. These codes can be clearly distinguished from the guidelines adopted by international organizations because in them the company is the creator and recipient of rules, created not because the need comes from the law, but by the company (which, in many cases, characterized by being merely reputational). These codes, clearly voluntary, ensure compliance with standards for the protection and promotion of the principles contained therein, setting most of the time a mechanism for monitoring and enforcement of the rules it contains, a mechanism that may be internal character (then managed by an office inside the company) or external character (managed, in most cases, an NGO, or a trade union). Finally, the research concludes with an analysis of the main issues concerning CSR in recent years, namely those related to the profiles of corporate responsibility for violation of fundamental rights and environmental damage (especially with regard to U.S. regulations contained in the Alien Tort Statute), with particular reference to international obligations on states through the reconstruction of the international practice. In addition, further study is to profile that focuses on the possible extension of the jurisdiction of international tribunals for crimes under international law to legal persons, with particular reference to the drafting history of the Rome Conference that led to the establishment of the International Criminal Court. In conclusion, the object of the research was the reconstruction of the concept of CSR, which is a product of national law and in particular the legal systems of the industrialized countries, identifying a legal framework that includes legal instruments of various types and in various sectors, such as those governing commercial companies, national regulations for the prevention and combating of corruption; regulations of the financial sector and in particular those on stock exchanges; disciplines to protect labour, the environment and the consumer. In the most advanced in terms of economic and institutional CSR, therefore, is not encoded in a specific sector regulation but it is a complex system of regulations governing various aspects of the business activities, in developing countries, however, these rules are often fragmentary or even absent: this situation has allowed MNCs to take advantage of loopholes in the law or stringent rules present in these countries. It is evident that the international community has identified the need to regulate the activities of multinational enterprises, for the promotion and protection of its fundamental values and development in a sustainable environment, with the intention to create an international legal framework that allows companies to pursue their own business purposes without losing sight of the collective needs (in particular in the countries in which they operate). To achieve this goal, it is inevitable evolution of international law, whose formation processes, managed largely by governments, cannot fail to take into account the increased role and weight of MNEs and civil society.
SCIASCIA, Maria Giovanna. "IL RAPPORTO DI LAVORO INDECENTE E LA VULNERABILITà SOCIALE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/10447/556024.
Full textVarotto, Angela <1991>. "La Riforma del Terzo Settore - L'impresa sociale." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15206.
Full textBusato, Elena <1989>. "DUMPING SOCIALE: LINEAMENTI DI UN FENOMENO." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5381.
Full textROCCO, FRANCESCA. "Il finanziamento della previdenza: strumento o presupposto della protezione sociale?" Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40641.
Full textThis work aims to demonstrate how the choice of methods of financing the public pension system has a direct impact on the adequacy of social benefits. The topic has a close connection with the legal conformation of social rights in contemporary Constitutions. Such a nature implies that social rights, considered within their variegated and constant expansion, are payable and can be executed. Their recognition should not be conditioned by the cost of the benefit. However, economic crisis that Italy and other European countries have faced during the last years has led domestic constitutional jurisprudence, as well as austerity policies, to adopt with particular caution decisions that would have produced uncontrollable and unsustainable costs. The need to reflect about the topic at hand arises from the recent events affecting the Italian pension system, among which there is the umpteenth decision to raise the retirement age operated by the Monti/Fornero Government. Subsequently, the same Government had to adopt safeguard measures for individual categories of workers to find a temporary remedy for the impasse created by the so-called "Esodati" category. All this has forced a question about the effectiveness of similar regulatory measures that make changes to the structure with the only purpose to meet the need of liquidity of public welfare administrations.
ROCCO, FRANCESCA. "Il finanziamento della previdenza: strumento o presupposto della protezione sociale?" Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40641.
Full textThis work aims to demonstrate how the choice of methods of financing the public pension system has a direct impact on the adequacy of social benefits. The topic has a close connection with the legal conformation of social rights in contemporary Constitutions. Such a nature implies that social rights, considered within their variegated and constant expansion, are payable and can be executed. Their recognition should not be conditioned by the cost of the benefit. However, economic crisis that Italy and other European countries have faced during the last years has led domestic constitutional jurisprudence, as well as austerity policies, to adopt with particular caution decisions that would have produced uncontrollable and unsustainable costs. The need to reflect about the topic at hand arises from the recent events affecting the Italian pension system, among which there is the umpteenth decision to raise the retirement age operated by the Monti/Fornero Government. Subsequently, the same Government had to adopt safeguard measures for individual categories of workers to find a temporary remedy for the impasse created by the so-called "Esodati" category. All this has forced a question about the effectiveness of similar regulatory measures that make changes to the structure with the only purpose to meet the need of liquidity of public welfare administrations.
D'Oronzo, Anna Valentina <1975>. "Responsabilità sociale delle imprese e codici etici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2006. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/54/1/DOronzoAnnaValentina.pdf.
Full textD'Oronzo, Anna Valentina <1975>. "Responsabilità sociale delle imprese e codici etici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2006. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/54/.
Full textSchiavon, Loris <1986>. "L'EUROPROGETTAZIONE. UN CASE STUDY IN AMBITO SOCIALE." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3170.
Full textZULPO, CHIARA. "DAL FATTO ALL'AUTORE: PERCORSI DI PERICOLOSITA' SOCIALE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/17504.
Full textThe focus of this research is the concept of dangerousness in criminal law and its increasing relevance not only in the context of measures to prevent dangerousness, but also under the penalty deserved for the wrongdoing. The research investigates the origins of the concept to include the social perspective of dangerousness, due to the social alarms that recidivism of certain types of crimes arouses. Empirical analysis of the predictable level of dangerousness identifies and expands on the implications that prediction carries, especially when the risk of recidivism is assumed and increased punishments are applied. Additionally, more questions arise relating to the credence given to the level of dangerousness within the penalty itself. Whenever different types of perpetrators, deemed dangerous, are punished with increased sentences, dangerousness gains relevance, without regard to the mere neutralization of an offender, aggravating factors, or peculiar imprisonment history. Finally, from empirical observations arises the possibility that the risk of recidivism could assume, if adequately considered, the creation of a rehabilitation plan individually tailored and conforming to the Constitution.
ZULPO, CHIARA. "DAL FATTO ALL'AUTORE: PERCORSI DI PERICOLOSITA' SOCIALE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/17504.
Full textThe focus of this research is the concept of dangerousness in criminal law and its increasing relevance not only in the context of measures to prevent dangerousness, but also under the penalty deserved for the wrongdoing. The research investigates the origins of the concept to include the social perspective of dangerousness, due to the social alarms that recidivism of certain types of crimes arouses. Empirical analysis of the predictable level of dangerousness identifies and expands on the implications that prediction carries, especially when the risk of recidivism is assumed and increased punishments are applied. Additionally, more questions arise relating to the credence given to the level of dangerousness within the penalty itself. Whenever different types of perpetrators, deemed dangerous, are punished with increased sentences, dangerousness gains relevance, without regard to the mere neutralization of an offender, aggravating factors, or peculiar imprisonment history. Finally, from empirical observations arises the possibility that the risk of recidivism could assume, if adequately considered, the creation of a rehabilitation plan individually tailored and conforming to the Constitution.
Fincati, Giulia <1987>. "La responsabilità sociale d'impresa: buone prassi e tendenze." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4992.
Full textCOCCA, Manuela. "Il contatto sociale. Una categoria giuridica controversa." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/66319.
Full textThe study aims to analyze the controversial legal construction of the theory of “social contact”, tracing the historical evolution of this figure, going back to the Justinian law, in which one of the sources of the obligations was the "quasi ex contractu", and then considering the '40s German doctrine, that developed the theory of "contractual relations in fact" (so-called "Faktische Vertragsverhältnisse"), up to the most recent guidelines expressed by the Italian doctrine and jurisprudence . In our legal system the “social contact” institute does not find an express legislative reference, having been developed by the case law to tackle the problematic hypothesis of legal relationships which lie midway between contract and tort. This concept refers to a contact between persons not related by an existing contractual relationship and which is characterized by expectations of a person to the other because of the professional status of one of them. The matter has raised many doubts among the interpreters, because of the application of the theory causes the application of the contractual liability to relationships that does not have a contract as their genetic moment. So many criticisms have been made to this theory, first of all the one expressed by those who fear an unlimited extension of the cases falling under the contractual liability, with the result that its abusive use ends up to convert any tort liability in contractual liability. Particular attention is dedicated to medical malpractice liability, that has mainly held the legal experts interest giving rise to a vigorous interpretive debate. Once have been analyzed critical profiles of the institute, the study goes on to investigate the matter the medical liability - placed by the jurisprudence in the category of social contact - up to look for a different interpretation that recognizes the existence of the contract in favor of the third party. The comparison with Scottish legal system shows that other systems has similiar legal structure of social contact. Particularly, from the comparison between the Italian social contact and the Anglo-Saxon concept of "proximity" emerges that if, from one side, there is undoubtedly some distance between the two systems, from the other, in both cases the contact liability was expressly acknowledged, although in different forms.
Languasco, Silvia <1987>. "Crimine e follia. La costruzione sociale della devianza tra diritto, neuroscienze e psichiatria." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4189.
Full textSorace, Andrea <1987>. "Empty voting e interesse sociale nella moderna Societa per Azioni." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7734/1/Sorace_Andrea_Tesi.pdf.
Full textThe research aims to study the empty voting. Particularly, the use of derivative instruments and other financial instruments allows investors to decouple economic ownership of shares from voting rights. Such phenomenon is also referred to as the "new vote buying" and differs from the classical issue of the sale and purchase of voting rights (separate from the ownership of the shares), since the empty voter does not technically acquire the right to vote, but is able to cover (by using complex financial instruments) the risks associated with an equity investment in a company: in such a case an investor holds more voting rights than economic ownership. In other cases, an investor may hold more economic ownership than voting rights, but may have the possibility to exercise de facto the voting rights if needed: this situation is referred to as “hidden (morphable) ownership". First of all the analysis will be carried out by verifying the possible benefits and costs which may arise from the empty voting. In addition, it will be ascertained whether there is a general provision under Italian law which prohibits the use of financial instruments in order to decouple voting rights from economic ownership or whether the empty voting is not per se forbidden but may be considered unlawful when it falls within the scope of application of the provisions governing the conflict of interest of shareholders.
Padoin, Jenny <1990>. "La Società Benefit nell'ordinamento italiano: un confronto con l'impresa sociale." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14359.
Full textGhezzo, Matteo <1992>. "Dumping sociale o concorrenza sleale, focus sul mercato italiano." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13572.
Full textBova, Francesca <1987>. "Lo status sociale degli artisti in Europa: confronto tra le politiche sociali a protezione delle professioni artistiche tra Belgio e Italia." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1951.
Full textOpocher, Tommaso. "Christian Wolff, filosofo del diritto e della politica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421752.
Full textNella mia tesi di dottorato affronto il pensiero giuridico e politico di Christian Wolff, cercando di vederne le connessioni con la concezione metafisica e gnoseologica. Infatti, come in quasi tutti gli autori illuministi, l’idea di sistema assume in Wolff un ruolo centrale, rendendo impossibile una trattazione separata dei problemi pratici da quelli teoretici. Dopo aver fornito alcuni cenni biografici sul filosofo di Breslavia al fine di collocarlo all’interno della sua epoca e di spiegarne le opzioni filosofiche di fondo, affronto la sua teoria della conoscenza e la sua concezione della filosofia come scienza del possibile. Qui riprendo e metto al vaglio le conclusioni degli studi wolffiani più recenti a proposito di problemi assai dibattuti come il rapporto fra ragione ed esperienza, essenza ed esistenza, possibilità e realtà. In secondo luogo, avvalendomi dei testi originali – in particolare delle Institutiones juris naturae et gentium –, analizzo la concezione wolffiana del diritto naturale. A tal fine seguo l’ordine con cui il filosofo di Breslavia tratta i problemi giuridici, partendo dalla teoria delle azioni, improntata al principio di perfezione, fino ai concetti, di stampo tipicamente giusnaturalistico, di stato di natura, obbligazione naturale, diritto perfetto e diritto imperfetto. Punto cruciale di quest’analisi è il problema del rapporto fra diritto e morale, risolto da Wolff all’insegna dell’unità e non della distinzione, secondo un’impostazione simile a quella di Leibniz e in netta discontinuità con quella di Thomasius. In terzo luogo prendo in esame la concezione wolffiana del contratto sociale e dello Stato, mettendo in evidenza la stretta connessione fra il discorso politico e quello giuridico, del quale il primo ne costituisce, per così dire, l’esito naturale. Le fragilità insite nello stato di natura trovano infatti soluzione nello Stato politico, che Wolff vede come lo strumento principale per l’adempimento delle obbligazioni naturali dell’individuo. In questa prospettiva prendo poi in esame le nozioni di pactum sociale, imperium publicum, bonum commune e civitas. Il quadro che ne risulta è quello di una teoria giuridica e politica estremamente dettagliata, nella quale ciascun concetto è legato all’altro secondo l’ordine imposto dal metodo dimostrativo. Qui sostengo che l’incontro del giusnaturalismo con lo spirito dell’Aufklärung permette di osservare l’opera wolffiana sotto una duplice prospettiva: da un lato quale coerente elaborazione teorica delle idee giusnaturalistiche risalenti a Grozio; dall’altro – e forse proprio in conseguenza di ciò – quale presupposto dell’ideologia giuspositivistica che, con l’avvento dei codici, avrebbe caratterizzato di lì a poco la cultura giuridica europea.
SCARLATTI, GIULIA. "Il diritto all’ascolto degli adolescenti nel contesto scolastico. Un’indagine esplorativa." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3454825.
Full textThis study focuses on the right of adolescents to be heard in school. The affirmation of civil liberty rights as an entitlement of individuals growing up is one of the novel aspects presented by the 1989 international Convention on the Rights of the Child, which combines the perspective of protection with that of promotion. The recognition of childhood and adolescence as stages of life influenced by subjectivity and possession of rights has occurred through a gradual process of historical, cultural and social change, as knowledge in the theory and praxis of education has progressed. The right to be heard, connected closely with that of participation, is deemed to be one of the four general and overarching principles of the Convention. It is about the right of individuals who are growing up to express their views freely and that these should be given due consideration, in short, the right to speak their mind on issues that affect them, as active partners in dialogue both in society and in matters of everyday life. Listening – a fundamental dimension in every context of life and human relations from childhood onwards – takes on particular importance from the educational standpoint, taking a humanistic and global approach. Reference is made in this paper to the school environment, a milieu of development frequented potentially by all children and adolescents, a place of learning and social interaction conducive to the knowledge and exercise of human rights, also to the development of active and democratic citizenship. As discernible from recent national and international reports, moreover, notwithstanding the progress made thus far, the rights of individuals growing up to be heard and involved are still being ignored, resulting in a lack of attention that has heightened with the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. The present research, which concentrates on the first component of the listening-participation equation, consists in a discussion based on the analysis of pertinent literature and an empirical survey conducted on the “exploratory and cognitive” level in two stages, designed to explore the meanings and interpretations attributed by adolescents to the right to be heard in the school setting, expressed both before and after the spread of the health emergency. The survey aims to explore and understand the semantic field of listening in school, from a pedagogical standpoint, to set out guidelines and to offer practical pointers for teachers working “for” and “with” an age group characterized by the development of growing abilities and opportunities needing not only to be protected, but also promoted.
FIORENTINI, Margherita. "LA SALUTE DEL PAZIENTE PSICHIATRICO E LA SUA PERICOLOSITÀ SOCIALE. TRA DIRITTO E SCIENZA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487863.
Full textBosio, Mattia <1982>. "La circolazione dei servizi in una economia sociale di mercato." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6590/1/Bosio_Mattia_tesi.pdf.
Full textThis research aims at exploring the relationship between the free movement of services within the internal market and the need to protect the fundamental social rights at national level. To this extent, our purpose is to identify the role of the EU regulation on services in ensuring a smooth cohabitation between EU economic policies and national social goals. Following the adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon, the EU has shown a new approach which aims not only at keeping a high level of competitiveness, but also at establishing a social market economy. The contradiction between the implementation of the single market and the preservation of domestic welfare policies shall therefore be analysed in the light of the social oriented approach enshrined in this new EU legal framework. The need to reconcile social and market values which inspires the concept of social market economy should guarantee that the exercise of EU freedoms of movement does not prejudge the substance of social rights. Before studying the causes and effects of this potential legal conflict it seems essential to make a brief analysis of the rules provided under EU law in order to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market for services (Part I). The second part of the research will then be focused on the effects of the internal market rules on solidarity. In this context we will examine how, according to a recent case-law of the ECJ, the economic freedoms of circulation, as a priority of the market, may jeopardize the national social rights. These rulings of the EU courts have put in discussion the European integration process in respect of the constitutional traditions relating to employment law and has shown the unstable balance between a border-less market and the aspiration of a social economy at European level.
Bosio, Mattia <1982>. "La circolazione dei servizi in una economia sociale di mercato." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6590/.
Full textThis research aims at exploring the relationship between the free movement of services within the internal market and the need to protect the fundamental social rights at national level. To this extent, our purpose is to identify the role of the EU regulation on services in ensuring a smooth cohabitation between EU economic policies and national social goals. Following the adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon, the EU has shown a new approach which aims not only at keeping a high level of competitiveness, but also at establishing a social market economy. The contradiction between the implementation of the single market and the preservation of domestic welfare policies shall therefore be analysed in the light of the social oriented approach enshrined in this new EU legal framework. The need to reconcile social and market values which inspires the concept of social market economy should guarantee that the exercise of EU freedoms of movement does not prejudge the substance of social rights. Before studying the causes and effects of this potential legal conflict it seems essential to make a brief analysis of the rules provided under EU law in order to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market for services (Part I). The second part of the research will then be focused on the effects of the internal market rules on solidarity. In this context we will examine how, according to a recent case-law of the ECJ, the economic freedoms of circulation, as a priority of the market, may jeopardize the national social rights. These rulings of the EU courts have put in discussion the European integration process in respect of the constitutional traditions relating to employment law and has shown the unstable balance between a border-less market and the aspiration of a social economy at European level.
BORGIA, FIAMMETTA. "Mercato globale, imprese multinazionali e responsabilità sociale nella Comunità Internazionale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/49682.
Full textGreco, Ginevra. "Ordinamento sportivo e ordinamento generale tra specificità, funzione sociale e proporzionalità." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422264.
Full textRecenti pronunce nazionali e dell’Unione europea hanno riproposto, in termini innovativi, l'annoso problema dell'autonomia del diritto sportivo e della sua qualificazione come ordinamento originario e separato. Si tratta di un problema ampiamente dibattuto, che ha visto sovente lo sport inquadrato quale ordinamento giuridico, lasciando aperto il dibattito se e in quale modo possa dirsi dotato del carattere di originarietà, di autonomia e addirittura di indipendenza. Allo scopo non è parso sufficiente considerare il singolo ordinamento statuale, dato che la globalizzazione dello sport impone un’analisi che consideri congiuntamente il fenomeno sia dal punto di vista nazionale, sia da quello del diritto europeo: tenuto conto che la “misura” dell’autonomia può non essere identica nei vari sistemi. L’elaborato, dunque, si propone, di verificare se la costruzione del diritto sportivo, individuata dalla gran parte della dottrina, come ordinamento originario, dotato di propria indipendenza, sia ancora attuale o debba ritenersi superata. Premessa l'analisi sulla costruzione del diritto sportivo, via via delineatasi a livello nazionale e sovranazionale, l'indagine affronta i principi affermati dalla giurisprudenza europea, anche in considerazione degli interventi delle istituzioni europee e del Trattato di Lisbona (art.165 TFUE). Sia a livello nazionale, sia a livello europeo il diritto sportivo è risultato fortemente integrato nell’ordinamento generale e, così, assoggettato alla relativa disciplina. Con il limite, tuttavia, della funzione sociale dello sport, che, insieme alla normativa tecnica, garantiscono un ambito importante di autonomia normativa, organizzativa e giustiziale al mondo dello sport. Il principio ordinatore delle dinamiche tra ordinamento sportivo e ordinamento generale è stato, così, individuato nel principio di proporzionalità. Tale principio è idoneo da un lato ad individuare i limiti dell’ingerenza dell’ordinamento generale e, dall’altro lato, a “misurare” e a giustificare l’ampiezza delle eccezioni accordate al diritto sportivo. Il che non è privo di implicazioni anche sul piano delle ricadute pratiche. Ad esempio, in tema di giustizia sportiva, ove non trovano giustificazione i limiti oggi esistenti ai poteri annullatori del Giudice amministrativo.
LIPAROTI, FEDERICA. ""CAPITALE SOCIALE" E "SVILUPPO UMANO". PROFILI DI RILEVANZA PENALE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6897.
Full textThe dissertation is the outcome of a research lead according to a method of “knowledge integration” (namely compounding the legal, criminological and political-philosophical fields), which has dealt mainly with “social capital” and “human development”: two highly thought-provoking concepts, widely studied by social sciences. After having pinpointed some parallels thereof in principles of the Italian Constitution (mainly to be found in the art. 3), a set of relevant decisions of the Constitutional Court applying them in criminal cases have been considered. Some hints and proposals are finally advanced in order to improve, aptly through this sort of “constitutional reading” of “social capital” and “human development”, the meaning and possible development of essential conceptual schemes well established in the criminal law.
LIPAROTI, FEDERICA. ""CAPITALE SOCIALE" E "SVILUPPO UMANO". PROFILI DI RILEVANZA PENALE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6897.
Full textThe dissertation is the outcome of a research lead according to a method of “knowledge integration” (namely compounding the legal, criminological and political-philosophical fields), which has dealt mainly with “social capital” and “human development”: two highly thought-provoking concepts, widely studied by social sciences. After having pinpointed some parallels thereof in principles of the Italian Constitution (mainly to be found in the art. 3), a set of relevant decisions of the Constitutional Court applying them in criminal cases have been considered. Some hints and proposals are finally advanced in order to improve, aptly through this sort of “constitutional reading” of “social capital” and “human development”, the meaning and possible development of essential conceptual schemes well established in the criminal law.
D'Innocenzo, Santa <1965>. "Il bilancio sociale come strumento di comunicazione della sostenibilita delle aziende sanitarie." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7684/2/TESI_SANTA_D%27INNOCENZO.pdf.
Full textOperational guidances provided by Italian law for the realization of the social report primarily consider its function to make the administration accountable to citizens in a transparent and clear way. In particular, local healthcare units are required to inform stakeholders about their operating dimension also in terms of economic sustainability through the social report. This means that – whereas a strategy for sustainability is plotted – its use can allow to achieve public policy’s aims by implementing appropriately calibrated interventions on a given area, measuring the action and assessing it. The purpose of this work – after describing social report in general and its distinctive functions – is to delineate the sustainability concept and to indicate if and how the social report can be used in order to pursue social utility goals connected to financial sustainability, empowering the implementation of public policies.
D'Innocenzo, Santa <1965>. "Il bilancio sociale come strumento di comunicazione della sostenibilita delle aziende sanitarie." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7684/.
Full textOperational guidances provided by Italian law for the realization of the social report primarily consider its function to make the administration accountable to citizens in a transparent and clear way. In particular, local healthcare units are required to inform stakeholders about their operating dimension also in terms of economic sustainability through the social report. This means that – whereas a strategy for sustainability is plotted – its use can allow to achieve public policy’s aims by implementing appropriately calibrated interventions on a given area, measuring the action and assessing it. The purpose of this work – after describing social report in general and its distinctive functions – is to delineate the sustainability concept and to indicate if and how the social report can be used in order to pursue social utility goals connected to financial sustainability, empowering the implementation of public policies.
Pisanello, Valentina <1988>. "Lo scioglimento del rapporto sociale limitatamente ad un socio nelle società cooperative." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3086.
Full textERBOLI, TOMMASO. "IL DIRIGENTE D'IMPRESA PRIVATA: PROFILI LAVORISTICI TRA ORDINAMENTO GIURIDICO E REALTA' SOCIALE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/3103.
Full textERBOLI, TOMMASO. "IL DIRIGENTE D'IMPRESA PRIVATA: PROFILI LAVORISTICI TRA ORDINAMENTO GIURIDICO E REALTA' SOCIALE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/3103.
Full textFalzea, Valentina <1983>. "Il microcredito in alcuni Paesi europei: strumento polimorfo tra inclusione sociale e sviluppo finanziario." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6563/1/falzea_valentina_tesi.pdf.
Full textThe thesis analyses the phenomenon of microcredit in Europe going deeply into the causes which have made the introduction of this financial instrument necessary even in completely different economies than those in which it originated and examining the transformation that the instrument has undergone during the process of its adaptation to the progressive countries. The study examines microcredit in France, England, Spain and Germany, pausing to analyse, in each state, the juridical discipline adopted, if existing, the present institutions of micro credit, the nature of the sector and the source of funds. The objective of the analysis is to understand how European countries,according to the economic, political and social context,live completely different models of microcredit at the same time. The thesis concerntrates on analyzing the microcredit in Italy, taking into account the existing relations between this financial instrument and the problems of social exclusion, of immigration and of usury. The study also examines the juridical practice of microcredit used in Italy after recent changes introduced by D.lgs n. 169/2012. The work pauses to analyse if and which interventions, at International and European levels, have been programmed to give microcredit a unitary legislative framework and to promote its development. The research is aimed towards the valuation of the effects produced by microcredit on the basis of experiences described in the literature of the subject, as well as examining some common problems in the programs used in the European States; the sustainability of the microcredit institutions, the dependence of subsidies and the application of high interest taxes. The thesis concludes with the analysis of the existing relations between microcredit and the financial crisis, in a historical period in which politics for occupation and the support of small businesses are fundamental to stimulate economic growth.
Falzea, Valentina <1983>. "Il microcredito in alcuni Paesi europei: strumento polimorfo tra inclusione sociale e sviluppo finanziario." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6563/.
Full textThe thesis analyses the phenomenon of microcredit in Europe going deeply into the causes which have made the introduction of this financial instrument necessary even in completely different economies than those in which it originated and examining the transformation that the instrument has undergone during the process of its adaptation to the progressive countries. The study examines microcredit in France, England, Spain and Germany, pausing to analyse, in each state, the juridical discipline adopted, if existing, the present institutions of micro credit, the nature of the sector and the source of funds. The objective of the analysis is to understand how European countries,according to the economic, political and social context,live completely different models of microcredit at the same time. The thesis concerntrates on analyzing the microcredit in Italy, taking into account the existing relations between this financial instrument and the problems of social exclusion, of immigration and of usury. The study also examines the juridical practice of microcredit used in Italy after recent changes introduced by D.lgs n. 169/2012. The work pauses to analyse if and which interventions, at International and European levels, have been programmed to give microcredit a unitary legislative framework and to promote its development. The research is aimed towards the valuation of the effects produced by microcredit on the basis of experiences described in the literature of the subject, as well as examining some common problems in the programs used in the European States; the sustainability of the microcredit institutions, the dependence of subsidies and the application of high interest taxes. The thesis concludes with the analysis of the existing relations between microcredit and the financial crisis, in a historical period in which politics for occupation and the support of small businesses are fundamental to stimulate economic growth.
Miotto, Linda. "Interesse sociale e finanziatori insider: l'esperienza statunitense sui conflitti e le prospettive del diritto italiano." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426600.
Full textLe pagine che seguono intendono offrire una rilettura dell’interesse sociale alla luce degli strumenti con i quali le più recenti riforme legislative hanno voluto consentire il coinvolgimento dei finanziatori nel governo della società dalla fase di start up a quella di crisi. Il primo capitolo opera una ricostruzione storica e comparata della contrapposizione tra le due scuole di pensiero che tradizionalmente si misurano sulla nozione di società e di interesse sociale: istituzionalismo e contrattualismo. L’intento è fare emergere come questi due moduli interpretativi, sebbene appaiano destinati ad una divergenza insuperabile perché radicata in ultima analisi su approcci politici profondamente configgenti sui fondamenti stessi del diritto societario, in un’altra prospettiva e specificamente nel contesto dell’assetto normativo attuale, necessitano viceversa d’essere conciliati in un quadro unitario. Ciò quantomeno perché le ragioni tradizionalmente addotte a fondamento del divario interpretativo hanno per la più parte perso aderenza al dato normativo dopo che questo è stato ridisegnato dalla riforma componendo in una diversa pluralità di forme le relazioni contrattuali inerenti alla società. La teoria della primazia dei soci – la quale ravvisa nella società una proprietà degli azionisti e nella massimizzazione della ricchezza di questi ultimi l’interesse in funzione del quale la società deve essere amministrata - non è soddisfacente sul piano descrittivo, in particolare perché negando ogni considerazione alle istanze dei non soci si mostra incoerente con il ruolo attivo che il legislatore ha consentito ai creditori nella stessa corporate governance. L’osservazione di questo nuovo elemento sposta dunque il baricentro dell’indagine sulla relazione tra la complessità della struttura finanziaria della società e la titolarità di diritti di controllo sulla stessa. La relativa analisi è condotta nel capitolo secondo, che muove dalla considerazione per cui i contratti tra i vari finanziatori e la società soffrono di un’incompletezza resa inevitabile dagli alti costi di transazione associati alla pretesa di disciplinare in sede negoziale ogni possibile evenienza. Gli strumenti ibridi di partecipazione trovano collocazione in questo contesto in quanto meccanismo legale innovativo di promozione dell’efficienza economica connessa alle istanze di competitività nell’accesso al finanziamento della piccola o media impresa. Un’efficienza, questa auspicata, da valutarsi soprattutto con riguardo al dibattito sul fondamento legale o contrattuale delle tutele da riconoscere agli investitori non azionisti, la ricostruzione del quale dimostra anzitutto che né il contratto di finanziamento né la tutela giudiziale successiva possono considerarsi strumenti perfetti, e in secondo luogo che il contesto normativo riformato impone di porre in discussione molti dei presupposti sui quali è tracciata la distinzione in punto di tutela tra azionisti e non azionisti. Rileva in tal senso l’argomento dottrinale secondo il quale le società dovrebbero massimizzare il valore per i soli azionisti perché così facendo – in considerazione delle pretese residuali di cui tale categoria è referente – otterrebbe di massimizzare il valore per l’intero ente. Ebbene, tale assunto è oggi posto in discussione dalla diversificazione degli strumenti di finanziamento, che sollecita a ridefinire la relazione tra proprietà e controllo nonché la nozione stessa di “residual claimant”, e supporta l’idea che anche l’interesse sociale, così come il controllo sociale, si presti ad essere determinato in via negoziale. Questa conclusione, a sua volta, induce a valutare la posizione dei finanziatori con poteri di voice in termini di controllo sulla società e, di conseguenza, ad esaminare l’ampio tema della responsabilità dei creditori nella prospettiva che il contratto di finanziamento sia veicolo non solo di diritti ma anche di oneri di condotta. Così procedendo, il terzo capitolo si prefigge di fare luce, anzitutto, sulle implicazioni che l’attribuzione ai finanziatori del potere di influenzare o controllare il processo decisionale della società esercita in tema di responsabilità e, sotto un secondo profilo, sull’opportunità di riferire ai portatori di strumenti partecipativi la disciplina recentemente dettata in seno al corpo normativo delle s.r.l. con riguardo alla responsabilità patrimoniale e gestionale dei soci. Premesso che raramente è da ritenere che i finanziatori istituzionali possano trovare conforme ai loro interessi alterare in sede contrattuale il principio residuale di primazia degli azionisti per svolgere in luogo di questi ultimi un ruolo attivo nella governance della società, ciononostante non è da escludere che in determinati contesti – e in specie in quello di crisi - le valutazioni di convenienza possano essere diverse. Potrebbe quindi essere rilevante trovare nella responsabilità (e nell’efficacia dell’intervento giudiziale) un bilanciamento tra la rinnovata fiducia nell’autonomia contrattuale e l’opportunità di prendere in considerazione anche i creditori privi di capacità di conseguire in sede di negoziazione un livello idoneo di tutela (cd. finanziatori “outsider”): ciò soprattutto in quanto il modello dominante in dottrina evidenzia che le politiche di debito assunte dalle società in stato di crisi svantaggiano sistematicamente la massa non organizzata dei creditori, che si trovano pertanto esposti a comportamenti strategici del debitore o degli investitori istituzionali. D’altro canto proprio la leva della responsabilità potrebbe dissuadere le banche dall’investire negli strumenti ibridi di finanziamento, così vanificando l’innovazione legislativa e con essa gli intenti di garantire maggiore competitività al nostro ordinamento. In considerazione di questi diversi elementi, il quarto capitolo si volge allo studio della recente riforma fallimentare, per valutare la profittabilità delle nuove tecniche finanziarie nella fase di crisi. In particolare, l’attenzione è riposta sulle soluzioni concordate alla crisi dell’impresa e sul relativo impatto sul sistema di governance. Per un verso emerge come evitare la procedura fallimentare nel più dei casi significhi sottrarsi dall’essere convenuti in azioni di responsabilità; per altro verso si delinea come ricorrendo a clausole contrattuali attributive di diritti di controllo i creditori ottengano di indirizzare non solo le politiche di investimento ma anche quelle di risanamento delle società finanziate, e con ciò dunque di poter contenere il rischio dell’attivarsi delle responsabilità da eterogestione. Se si considera come l’opzione per le soluzioni pre-fallimentari possa avvantaggiare l’intera massa dei creditori, si è indotti a ritenere che l’efficienza economica degli ibridi finanziari trovi realizzazione solo nell’intersezione di molteplici prospettive, legate alla privatizzazione dell’insolvenza, al mercato del controllo delle società, al coinvolgimento dei creditori negli assetti di governo delle società finanziate. La comprensione unitaria di tali dinamiche, legate al contempo alla solvenza e all’insolvenza, si pone quindi come momento essenziale per l’interpretazione degli equilibri di governance in relazione al complesso atteggiarsi dell’interesse sociale in relazione alle istanze di finanziamento.
PERONE, Marica. "Società benefit e Impresa sociale: tertium non datur?" Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11695/114427.
Full textGIULIANO, MARCELLO. "L'AUMENTO DELEGATO DEL CAPITALE SOCIALE NELLE SOCIETA' PER AZIONI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/35754.
Full textThis work aims to analyze the management's power to issue shares in closed and public company.Infact we aim to distinguish the interpretation of article 2443 c.c. in the case in which the mandate is given to the management in public or closed corporation. More specifically it's justified to give more contractual freedom to the public company than the close corporation because only in these second type of company shareholder's can protect their administrative position by sell or buy shares in to the market. The thesis wants to prove that pre emptive rights can be escluded by statutes and the compatibility of this provision with the second european union directive. This can be justified by market discipline and the possibility for the shareholder's to pretect theirselves buying shares in to the market. The information imposed by the legislation at the moment of management's deliberation and the shareholder's power to appel the same deliberation could be a sufficent remedy against the abuse of the managements.
GIULIANO, MARCELLO. "L'AUMENTO DELEGATO DEL CAPITALE SOCIALE NELLE SOCIETA' PER AZIONI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/35754.
Full textThis work aims to analyze the management's power to issue shares in closed and public company.Infact we aim to distinguish the interpretation of article 2443 c.c. in the case in which the mandate is given to the management in public or closed corporation. More specifically it's justified to give more contractual freedom to the public company than the close corporation because only in these second type of company shareholder's can protect their administrative position by sell or buy shares in to the market. The thesis wants to prove that pre emptive rights can be escluded by statutes and the compatibility of this provision with the second european union directive. This can be justified by market discipline and the possibility for the shareholder's to pretect theirselves buying shares in to the market. The information imposed by the legislation at the moment of management's deliberation and the shareholder's power to appel the same deliberation could be a sufficent remedy against the abuse of the managements.