Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diritti di partecipazione'
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Maggiolo, Elettra. "Il diritto alla partecipazione di bambini e adolescenti nella quotidianità di vita. Un contributo pedagogico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422147.
Full textIl lavoro di ricerca si focalizza sul diritto alla partecipazione di bambini e adolescenti, uno degli elementi innovativi della Convenzione internazionale sui diritti dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza del 1989, documento che riconosce ai minori d’età diritti sia di protezione-tutela, sia di promozione-partecipazione. È in particolare negli ultimi decenni che, a diversi livelli, si discute in modo ampio sull’opportunità di considerare l’infanzia e l’adolescenza come fasi del corso di vita durante le quali i soggetti elaborano una propria cultura e contribuiscono in modo attivo a costruire l’ambiente circostante. Il diritto di partecipazione, intimamente correlato al diritto di ascolto, viene considerato uno dei quattro principi generali della Convenzione, quindi uno dei suoi fondamentali valori e al tempo stesso una delle sue principali sfide, in ogni ambito di vita e in ogni relazione, compresa quella educativa. La partecipazione è, infatti, una dimensione-cardine del sapere-agire pedagogico: non si dà educazione se non in chiave partecipativa, in quanto ogni persona sa essere protagonista della propria storia e di quella della comunità, e interlocutore capace, fin dall’infanzia, in un dialogo costruttivo e in una progettualità condivisa. La partecipazione di bambini e adolescenti, che questo mutato sfondo culturale pone in primo piano, viene generalmente suddivisa in due macro-categorie, che si rafforzano reciprocamente: la partecipazione sociale, istituzionale e rappresentativa, dove per “sociale” si intendono le situazioni pubbliche di partecipazione in processi a valenza societaria; la partecipazione alla vita quotidiana, diffusa e continuativa, esercitata nei contesti di vita da tutti i soggetti che li abitano, attenta al ruolo cruciale svolto dal dialogo tra generazioni giovani e adulte, tra pari e tra micro-generazioni. L’ambito che, nel presente lavoro, si intende maggiormente approfondire è quello relativo alla partecipazione di bambini e ragazzi alla vita quotidiana, di fatto il meno esplorato a livello di approfondimento teorico e di pratica educativa. Occorre, inoltre, considerare che, sul diritto di partecipazione, in Italia si registra, come rilevano recenti strumenti normativi e Rapporti nazionali e internazionali, ancora una carenza rispetto ad altri Paesi, nonostante gli indubbi traguardi raggiunti. La ricerca intende allora affrontare il tema, sia attraverso uno studio di carattere argomentativo-critico, sulla base dell’analisi della letteratura scientifica di riferimento, dei principali documenti legislativi (da quelli internazionali a quelli locali) e di buone esperienze attuate in diversi contesti, sia attraverso un’articolata indagine sul campo. Nello specifico, il lavoro di indagine si è strutturato in due fasi, definite “esplorativo-conoscitiva” e “progettuale-operativa”. La prima fase è consistita nella raccolta di conoscenze e rappresentazioni, sul campo semantico dell’ascolto e della partecipazione, di figure educative e di adolescenti e bambini di alcune zone del Veneto, con gli strumenti, rispettivamente, dell’intervista e del focus group. La seconda fase è consistita nella programmazione e attuazione, tra Scuola, Università e Territorio, di un progetto partecipativo, sempre sui temi-chiave della ricerca, di coinvolgimento di micro-generazioni. In particolare un gruppo di adolescenti di Scuola Secondaria di II grado, accompagnati da adulti nel ruolo di facilitatori, hanno avuto la possibilità di realizzare una proposta di educazione ai diritti umani di partecipazione e ascolto per e con un gruppo di bambini di Scuola Primaria. L’indagine realizzata non permette di trarre conclusioni dal valore esteso, ma si ritiene possa portare un contributo riflessivo interessante, offrendo linee contenutistiche e metodologiche praticabili, come base significativa ed esemplificativa per la progettazione di mirati interventi educativi. In sintesi, il presente lavoro si propone di: delineare e comprendere, dal punto di vista pedagogico, il concetto della partecipazione di bambini e adolescenti nel proprio contesto socio-culturale; contribuire all’attuazione del loro diritto di partecipazione nella quotidianità di vita; individuare nuclei concettuali e indicazioni metodologiche per realizzare percorsi “possibili” di educazione ai diritti umani, basati sull’ascolto autentico e sulla reale partecipazione, che consentano di vivere, dall’infanzia all’adolescenza, esperienze di propositivo protagonismo e solidarietà intergenerazionale
Pisano, Angela. "I "public participation rights" nel diritto internazionale e comunitario dell'ambiente." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3159.
Full textLa tesi esamina il tema dei diritti di partecipazione del pubblico (“public participation rights”) nel diritto internazionale e nell’ordinamento giuridico comunitario, con specifico riferimento al settore ambientale, ove gli stessi hanno incontrato un particolare sviluppo. Lo spunto per la ricerca è stato offerto dalla conclusione della Convenzione di Aarhus del 1998, sull’accesso all’informazione, sulla partecipazione del pubblico al processo decisionale e sull’accesso alla giustizia in materia ambientale, che rappresenta la più compiuta codificazione dei diritti di partecipazione a livello internazionale. La prima parte della ricerca è dedicata all'evoluzione dei public participation rights nel diritto internazionale dell'ambiente e, in particolare, all'analisi delle novità introdotte dalla Convenzione di Aarhus, la quale si è inserita nel processo di codificazione del diritto all’ambiente come diritto umano di carattere “procedurale”. Si tenta, quindi, di ricostruire le origini e le motivazioni di tale approccio e di verificare se in che misura l’ambiente possa ritenersi oggi tutelato, a livello internazionale, come oggetto di un diritto umano. La seconda parte si focalizza sull’analisi dell’impatto della Convenzione (che è stata conclusa dalla Comunità Europea e dagli Stati membri nella forma di accordo misto) sull’ordinamento giuridico comunitario, analisi che ha costituito, però, l'occasione per una riflessione più ampia sulla rispondenza dello stesso ai principi di democraticità ed apertura. A livello comunitario in questi anni il dibattito sulla democratizzazione del sistema istituzionale si è concentrato, più che sullo sviluppo di singoli diritti di partecipazione, sul complesso tema della governance. L’analisi ha quindi tentato di evidenziare il legame fra i principi della good governance e i diritti sanciti dalla convenzione di Aarhus, indicando in quale misura i diritti di partecipazione democratica fossero già garantiti, in base alle previsioni dei Trattati e del diritto derivato, così come interpretati dalla giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia. Vengono quindi analizzate le modifiche che l’attuazione della Convenzione di Aarhus ha reso necessarie nell’ordinamento comunitario. In primo luogo vengono evidenziati i problemi legati all’applicazione della Convenzione alle istituzioni comunitarie, disciplinata dal nuovo regolamento 1367/2006/CE. Inoltre, poiché nel diritto comunitario dell'ambiente i diritti di partecipazione erano già disciplinati da diversi atti di diritto derivato, la Comunità Europea ha predisposto un pacchetto normativo per il loro adattamento alle previsioni della Convenzione. Vengono, quindi, analizzate le direttive che già codificavano i diritti di partecipazione in materia ambientale, la loro congruità rispetto alle previsioni della Convenzione e le modifiche apportate dalla Comunità Europea per renderle coerenti con le previsioni internazionali. La ricerca prova, infine, a verificare, attraverso l’analisi delle elaborazioni dottrinali e giurisprudenziali sul tema degli accordi misti (e, in particolare, della recente sentenza sul caso dell'impianto MOX di Sellafield) la coerenza di tale modalità di attuazione, basata sull’adozione di atti di diritto derivato, rispetto al principio di sussidiarietà, che forse avrebbe consigliato di affidare l’attuazione dell’accordo internazionale agli Stati membri.
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CABIDDU, FELICE. "Dinamiche di partecipazione soggettiva alla fattispecie contrattuale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/313089.
Full textFRATANTONIO, GIUSEPPE. "La partecipazione di società di capitali in società di persone: profili genetici." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1000.
Full textThe thesis concerns the partnership entered into by corporations, having particular regard to the problems related to the creation of a binding social relationship in the event that the corporation did not respect the proceeding required by the Italian law to enter into a partnership and the theory of the de facto corporation.
FRATANTONIO, GIUSEPPE. "La partecipazione di società di capitali in società di persone: profili genetici." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1000.
Full textThe thesis concerns the partnership entered into by corporations, having particular regard to the problems related to the creation of a binding social relationship in the event that the corporation did not respect the proceeding required by the Italian law to enter into a partnership and the theory of the de facto corporation.
Palmieri, Marco <1978>. "Il concetto di partecipazione esterna nelle società di capitali a scopo lucrativo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4124/1/palmieri_marco_tesi.pdf.
Full textPalmieri, Marco <1978>. "Il concetto di partecipazione esterna nelle società di capitali a scopo lucrativo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4124/.
Full textMammola, Paolo. "Le garanzie nel contratto di acquisizione di partecipazioni societarie." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/3118.
Full textThe thesis at stake deals with the Share Purchase Agreement and the main issue of its warranties, including the implied ones. Namely, the problem lies in that transferring shares does not mean selling undertaking’s assets, hence the provisions of clauses−mainly in favour of the purchaser−concerning the company’s patrimony, since shares are only a second degree good: which means that securing the quality of some shares does not grant them−ex se−that quality. While jurisprudence prefers expressed business warranties in contracts, a doctrine is here developed−also referring to Common Law implication of terms−through the proposition of implied clauses and warranties, by having recourse to the good faith principle, which is deemed in force in Company Law relationships as well. [edited by Author]
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Maretti, Nicola <1994>. "La disciplina fiscale dello scambio di partecipazioni sociali." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15729.
Full textRomano, L. S. "Cessione onerosa di partecipazioni sociali : allocazione del rischio." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/67450.
Full textTESTA, GIACOMO. "La partecipazione delle regioni alla elaborazione delle politiche europee: analisi comparata dei meccanismi di partecipazione tra modelli istituzionali e paraistituzionali di governance." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200957.
Full textMARCHESE, CLAUDIA. "Il diritto di voto e la partecipazione politica: esperienze comparate: Italia, Spagna e Regno Unito." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/201671.
Full textUGO, ALBERTO. "Assegnazione di partecipazioni sociali in misura non proporzionale ai conferimenti." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4054321.
Full textPOLIANI, FRANCA. "L'INDEMNITY CLAUSE NEI CONTRATTI DI CESSIONE DI PARTECIPAZIONI SOCIALI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/233857.
Full textDI, VINCENZO Claudia. "Il rapporto di lavoro nelle società a partecipazione pubblica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/30539.
Full textSerpico, Clemente. "Acquisizioni di partecipazioni societarie e clausole di garanzia: profili contrattuali di civil law e common law." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200775.
Full textSANNA, PAOLO. "Principio di precauzione e partecipazione del pubblico in materia ambientale." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1730.
Full textThe thesis analyzes the legal framework provided for the public participation in administrative proceedings connected to environmental matters, especially when the precautionary principle is applied. The work consists of three chapters: the first situates participation in in the Italian general framework for public participation, especially regarding planning and regulatory proceedings. The meaning of precautionary principle and its connections with the public participation are also analyzed. The second chapter analyses the main features of participation in the international and European legal systems and their influence on the national regulations. This chapter deals in particular with the regulation provided by the EU law for the authorization of GM food. The last chapter discuss the role of public participation in the environmental impact assessments. Finally, the thesis highlights the weak points of environmental participation and propose some measures to improve its legal regulation.
SANNA, PAOLO. "Principio di precauzione e partecipazione del pubblico in materia ambientale." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1730.
Full textThe thesis analyzes the legal framework provided for the public participation in administrative proceedings connected to environmental matters, especially when the precautionary principle is applied. The work consists of three chapters: the first situates participation in in the Italian general framework for public participation, especially regarding planning and regulatory proceedings. The meaning of precautionary principle and its connections with the public participation are also analyzed. The second chapter analyses the main features of participation in the international and European legal systems and their influence on the national regulations. This chapter deals in particular with the regulation provided by the EU law for the authorization of GM food. The last chapter discuss the role of public participation in the environmental impact assessments. Finally, the thesis highlights the weak points of environmental participation and propose some measures to improve its legal regulation.
ZANETTO, DANIELA. "L'ASSOCIAZIONE IN PARTECIPAZIONE CON APPORTO DI LAVORO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/3107.
Full textThe recent reform of the labour market (law n. 92/2012)has also modified the regulation of the profit sharing agreement with labour supply. The aim was to fight the misuse of this form of contract, which often conceals genuine employment relationships. The above - mentioned reform has been partially corrected by the recent decree law n. 76/2013, converted into law n. 99/2013, in order to attenuate some rigidities. The doctoral dissertation is aimed at analysing the profit sharing agreement as a whole, starting from its origin and commercial regulation. Secondly it focuses on labour law and social security aspects of the schemes that involve the supply of human labour in exchange for the partipation in the profit sharing. Finally it focuses on the recent above - mentioned law reforms.
ZANETTO, DANIELA. "L'ASSOCIAZIONE IN PARTECIPAZIONE CON APPORTO DI LAVORO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/3107.
Full textThe recent reform of the labour market (law n. 92/2012)has also modified the regulation of the profit sharing agreement with labour supply. The aim was to fight the misuse of this form of contract, which often conceals genuine employment relationships. The above - mentioned reform has been partially corrected by the recent decree law n. 76/2013, converted into law n. 99/2013, in order to attenuate some rigidities. The doctoral dissertation is aimed at analysing the profit sharing agreement as a whole, starting from its origin and commercial regulation. Secondly it focuses on labour law and social security aspects of the schemes that involve the supply of human labour in exchange for the partipation in the profit sharing. Finally it focuses on the recent above - mentioned law reforms.
Gobbo, Federica <1995>. "Controllo e regolazione nelle società a partecipazione pubblica dagli enti locali. Il caso di Hydrogea S.p.A." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16725.
Full textSalvemini, A. "I PATTI LIMITATIVI DELLA RISOLUZIONE PER INADEMPIMENTO NEI CONTRATTI DI ACQUISIZIONE DI PARTECIPAZIONI AZIONARIE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/269972.
Full textTorelli, Gabriele <1987>. "Le partecipazioni azionarie degli enti locali tra dismissione ed esigenze di governo dei servizi pubblici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7207/1/Torelli_Gabriele_tesi.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this research is the analysis of the relationship between competition and legality – meant as the obligation for public bodies to act respecting the public interest established by the law – in local public services companies. In particular, the purpose is to focus on the evolution of such a relationship, become increasingly important in last years because of the possibility established for local bodies (in 1990) to select companies holding to carry on services for the community. The EU institutions have had a great influence on the issue due to the gradual qualification of public services as an economic activity regulated under the rules of the competition system. Therefore, EU institutions have required that both public and private traders must equally compete in this market, regardless of the scope of their activity and judicial nature. The obligation for local bodies to act under the public interest established by the law – although they behave as private actors establishing a company – is certainly the core of the research. Nevertheless the topic should be analysed at the same time considering the recent policy developments established by the law, which have been imposing local bodies to dismiss the shares they hold in their own companies. The goal is to get a relevant public founding savings and to make the entrance of private undertakings in this market easier. The scope of application of the legislation in force, which is limited to local companies directly offering their services to the holding public bodies, but not to the territorial community, seems to jeopardize the fragile balance between legality and competition in the public services market. The consequence is that the principle of legality is vanishing in local public services companies.
Torelli, Gabriele <1987>. "Le partecipazioni azionarie degli enti locali tra dismissione ed esigenze di governo dei servizi pubblici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7207/.
Full textThe aim of this research is the analysis of the relationship between competition and legality – meant as the obligation for public bodies to act respecting the public interest established by the law – in local public services companies. In particular, the purpose is to focus on the evolution of such a relationship, become increasingly important in last years because of the possibility established for local bodies (in 1990) to select companies holding to carry on services for the community. The EU institutions have had a great influence on the issue due to the gradual qualification of public services as an economic activity regulated under the rules of the competition system. Therefore, EU institutions have required that both public and private traders must equally compete in this market, regardless of the scope of their activity and judicial nature. The obligation for local bodies to act under the public interest established by the law – although they behave as private actors establishing a company – is certainly the core of the research. Nevertheless the topic should be analysed at the same time considering the recent policy developments established by the law, which have been imposing local bodies to dismiss the shares they hold in their own companies. The goal is to get a relevant public founding savings and to make the entrance of private undertakings in this market easier. The scope of application of the legislation in force, which is limited to local companies directly offering their services to the holding public bodies, but not to the territorial community, seems to jeopardize the fragile balance between legality and competition in the public services market. The consequence is that the principle of legality is vanishing in local public services companies.
LADU, MARCO. "LA DEMOCRAZIA RAPPRESENTATIVA AL TEMPO DELLA RIVOLUZIONE DIGITALE. GLI STRUMENTI DELLA PARTECIPAZIONE POLITICA TRA PARTITI TRADIZIONALI E SOCIAL NETWORK." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Brescia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11379/559320.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims to investigate the relationship between the transformations that characterize the time of the digital revolution and representative democracy as a whole, which seems, for some time, to suffer (among others) the repercussions of a complicated political season that manifests itself, first, with the crisis of traditional political parties. In the path that starts from the study of profiling through Big Data, widely used to expand the political consensus-electoral, will analyse aspects related to political leadership as well as the exaltation of the majority principle and the absence of pluralism. At last, will be analysed both the attempts to redevelop the institutions of direct democracy (consequence of a revaluation of the so-called participation from below) and the latest developments in the sign of a post-representative democracy, which finds its ultimate expression in the affirmation of the so-called technological populism.
LADU, MARCO. "LA DEMOCRAZIA RAPPRESENTATIVA AL TEMPO DELLA RIVOLUZIONE DIGITALE. GLI STRUMENTI DELLA PARTECIPAZIONE POLITICA TRA PARTITI TRADIZIONALI E SOCIAL NETWORK." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Brescia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11379/559317.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims to investigate the relationship between the transformations that characterize the time of the digital revolution and representative democracy as a whole, which seems, for some time, to suffer (among others) the repercussions of a complicated political season that manifests itself, first, with the crisis of traditional political parties. In the path that starts from the study of profiling through Big Data, widely used to expand the political consensus-electoral, will analyse aspects related to political leadership as well as the exaltation of the majority principle and the absence of pluralism. At last, will be analysed both the attempts to redevelop the institutions of direct democracy (consequence of a revaluation of the so-called participation from below) and the latest developments in the sign of a post-representative democracy, which finds its ultimate expression in the affirmation of the so-called technological populism.
MESSINA, Michael. "L'associazione in partecipazione: una reinterpretazione dell'istituto alla luce dei contratti di partenariato islamici." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11695/114432.
Full textThe curiosity of the intellect remains the starting point of any research, hence the decision to deal with a subject apparently far from the usual interests of a scholar of commercial law. As is known, world legal systems are usually classified (based on structure and application) in civil law and common law, in reality a third, definable as “islamic law”, should be taken into consideration. In the latter system, the close and inseparable connection existing between religion and law influences the entire economic and social activity of Muslims, including the operational sphere of commercial law, which must consider some precepts and standards indicated by the Sharia, among them the prohibition on ribā (interest). In fact, in Islamic law the figure of the bondholder will be totally absent, the gains can only derive from the assumption of responsibility by those who hold capital, through the scheme of sharing profits and losses (so-called profit and loss sharing). In line with these precepts, there is the mudarabah contract, a contract in which a partnership is created between two parties, in which one of them, the rabb-ul-mal, participates by providing the entire capital necessary for the investment; the other, the mudarib, deals with the management and implementation of the common project by providing the necessary tools and knowledge. This contract appears in many ways similar to our partnership agreement, the rules of which are present in articles 2549-2553 of the Civil Code, it is incomplete and limited. While this peculiarity has made it possible to shape, over time, the dictates of this contractual scheme leading to its rapid dissemination, on the other it has been seen how it has been used disproportionately for elusive purposes. On the basis of these premises, it is necessary to reinterpret the provisions of the Civil Code dedicated to the contract in question, recently amended by art. 53 of the Legislative Decree n. 81/2015 (relating to the overcoming of the association in participation with contribution of work), trying to carry out a re-reading of the same through the principles existing in the equivalent islamic contract. Therefore, the objectives of this study are twofold, firstly, to examine the discipline and evolution of the “association in participation contract” and its counterpart in islamic law and, secondly, to evaluate which peculiar characteristics of the islamic contract can enrich and integrate our deficient discipline.
MICHIELI, ANDREA. "Democrazia sostanziale e partecipazione economica. Profili costituzionali della collaborazione dei lavoratori all’impresa." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/262960.
Full textThe thesis aims to analyze the forms of economic participation embedded in the Italian Constitution. The research examines the norms on “economic relations” in the Constitution focusing on the concept of “democrazia sostanziale”; particularly, it addresses the participation of workers in the enterprise as main form of contribution of the citizens to the democratization of the economic power, although so far unrealized.
BALDONI, DIEGO. "Dalle agorà alla e-democracy: la declinazione del concetto di democrazia attraverso la partecipazione dell'elettorato ai processi decisionali decentrati." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1100913.
Full text1970 is the year of the election of the first regional Councils with ordinary statutes, as well as the year when state legislation on referendums came into effect, but why has participatory democracy in the Regions remained only in the books in face of several national political seasons punctuated by referendums? Conversely, why has deliberative democracy recently found widespread operation within local communities, which, however, do not enjoy the legislative power of the Regions? Furthermore, what is the possibility of integration with new digital technologies? The research is developed around these questions, which, in connection with each other, will investigate exclusively the legislative level, disregarding administrative aspects related to the involvement of the electorate, as in the case of public debate, nor will it concern non-regional levels of participation, for example, municipal experiences. With this thesis, the intention is to propose a roster of alternatives for defining democracy, through an ambitious linguistic cleansing effort. Likewise, the intention is to anchor a constitutional basis for participation at the regional level by providing an assessment of the effectiveness of relevant general participation laws. Finally, it is believed to propose solutions for democratic voter participation in regional deliberative processes, using new technologies to ensure the free formation of a decision in an environment capable of reproducing the same constitutional rights required in presence.
Tomat, Erika. "Clausole statutarie di predisposizione successoria e tutela dei legittimari." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421560.
Full textLa ricerca è stata condotta approfondendo il tema della disciplina statutaria della sorte della partecipazione sociale nell’ipotesi di morte del socio di una società di capitali, avendo particolare riguardo al profilo dell’incidenza - sulla posizione dei legittimari del socio defunto - delle pattuizioni spesso presenti nei contratti sociali e note come clausole di predisposizione successoria. Il lavoro è stato strutturato partendo da una preliminare ricognizione, attraverso l’esame della giurisprudenza e della prassi statutaria, delle clausole più frequenti, le quali sono state inquadrate in due principali categorie: da un lato, le pattuizioni che hanno quale effetto principale quello di escludere o limitare l’ingresso in società del successibile del socio defunto e, dall’altro lato, le clausole che, al contrario, determinano o favoriscono l’assunzione della qualità di socio da parte di tale successibile. Nell’ambito delle due tipologie ora menzionate, la tesi ha approfondito le problematiche giuridiche inerenti a ciascun tipo di clausola (inevitabilmente implicanti profili di diritto commerciale e successorio), nel tentativo di individuarne la soluzione alla luce delle categorie del diritto civile, anche attraverso una riflessione, in un’ottica comparatistica, sui corrispondenti istituti di diritto germanico. In particolare, il richiamo alle nozioni di atti inter vivos e mortis causa, accanto a quelle dei negozi post mortem e trans mortem, ha permesso di operare un’ulteriore classificazione delle clausole esaminate, trasversale rispetto a quella precedentemente illustrata, in relazione alla loro natura giuridica e al sistema di tutele predisposto dal nostro ordinamento per il caso in cui all’operatività di dette clausole possa ricollegarsi una lesione delle ragioni dei legittimari.
BASTONI, Luana. "L’EUROPA DELLE REGIONI NEL DIRITTO DELL’UNIONE EUROPEA. Misure e soluzioni adottate dalle regioni italiane per la partecipazione al processo decisionale di formazione ed attuazione della normativa e delle politiche europee." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2403509.
Full textFirst of all, the purpose of this thesis is to analyse . It particularly aims to understand «if» and «how», it is possible, nowadays, to strengthen the role the regional legislative assemblies in European decision–making processes, as assumed in the European treaties. Actually, the research project is inspired by the recent entry into force of Law 24 December 2012, no. 234, a clear attempt to introduce a nationwide regulatory framework as for the procedures to be adopted by Italy in order to participate in the decision-making process and implementation of the European law and policies in the Italian legal system. The first chapter analyses the adjustment procedure for the implementation of the European law and policies in the Italian legal system, focusing on the regulatory development of the «role of the regions», re–examined both at the European and at the national level. As is known, especially at the beginning of the European integration path, the Treaties did not provide for provisions directly influencing the national partitions of the Member States, since the only interlocutors of the EU Institutions (EP, Council, Commission) and Bodies (Committee of the Regions) are the single States – «Herren den Verträge» or «Lords of the Treaties» –, holding privileged constitutional rights guaranteed by the Treaties. Nowadays, the European Union acknowledges the role of «constitutional subjects» to all European regions empowered with legislative power in areas under their jurisdiction by their national Constitution. With particular reference to the Italian legislative framework, the work analyses the actual Italian constitutional legal system. Following the 2001 reform, which allowed the regions to play a new role in the enforcement of legislative power and a deeper role in the implementation of European law, we are now witnessing a new revision of Title V of Part II of the Constitution, which aims to define a more orderly and less conflicting multilevel governance system, intended to balance national, regional and local interests, and envisaging to overcome the current fragmentation of legislative powers distribution between the State and the regions, favouring decentralized law systems, more convenient to the economic and social development of our country. The second chapter examines the regional application of the EU law, focusing on the changes introduced by Law 24 December 2012, no. 234, which now regulates the Italian participation in the decision–making process and implementation of EU law in the Italian legal system. THE EUROPE OF THE REGIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION LAW. Measures and solutions adopted by the Italian regions for taking part in the decision-making process and implementation of the European law and policies in the Italian legal system. Bastoni Luana – European Union Law XXVIII cycle, University of Ferrara - Abstract The recent law provides new tools for enhancing the relationship between our legal system and the European Union one. In Chapter IV, it lays down me ’ –called «ascendant phase» (creation) of EU law concerning the participation in the decision–making process of all European acts, or the discussion of EU policies of regional interest, to make sure they are in line with the national policy. Still in Chapter IV, the Law regulates the so–called «descendant phase» (implementation), namely the fulfillment of obligations in the implementation of European law. Finally, the thesis examines, in a comparative way, the concrete instruments adopted and the solutions found by the different Italian regions, in order to implement the EU law in the Italian legal system. By closely considering the measures adopted by the most dynamic and expert regions, it is evident that supporting a proper and regular participation of the regions in the so–called «ascendant phase» of EU law – as for the participation in the decision–making process in all European acts –, may represent the basis for a more effective and timely implementation of EU law and policies, thus allowing an effective participation in the community legislation. In this sense, adopting sharing procedures may result extremely effective and the regional best practices could be the role model for laying down guidelines, which will provide accurate information and institutional procedure. These will be functional to the definition of policies and technical–operational and regulatory aspects, whose nature will be efficient and shared throughout the country.
VESCOVI, MATTEO. "CONTRIBUTO ALLO STUDIO DELLE SOCIETÀ A PARTECIPAZIONE PUBBLICA ALLA LUCE DEL NUOVO TESTO UNICO (D.LGS. 19 AGOSTO 2016, N. 175)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/707978.
Full textThe thesis aims at analyzing the model of company emerging from the new Consolidated law on public bodies owned companies, coming at the conclusion that the reform has chosen for a private characterization, according to the types envisaged by the Civil Code. Conversely, the need of pursuing public interest has permanently lost the ability to denaturalize the company. It represents an extrasocial interest, that may be satisfied only during the public law phase. To fully appreciate the importance of these results, the analysis of the Consolidated law is preceded by a reconstruction of the tortuous itinerary of public bodies owned companies in the Italian legal system, which over the years has seen oscillations between opposite polarities and deep interpretative contrasts, result of the complex relationship between public authorities and the economy.
Messina, Sebastiano. "La ricostituzione del capitale perduto nella s.r.l. tramite esclusione del diritto di sottoscrizione ed il rapporto con l'art. 2482-quater c.c." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/355.
Full textDissertation examines in detail the capital loss reductions in Limited Liability Company (s.r.l.) and the deviations from Company Limited by Shares (s.p.a.). Main focus is the replenishment of the lost capital by the right of option exclusion: in the first chapter, it is provided a critical reading about doctrinal interpretation of the article 2482-quater c.c. as a minority protection norm that would prohibit the rights of option exclusion. In second chapter is criticized the interpretation on the base of whom the right of withdrawal ex art.2481-bis c.c. would have a compensatory function because of the absence of required share premium. This critique is based on a systematic analysis about the right of withdrawal in corporations. In fact, protection of the investment value also in limited liability company should be governed by the required share premium, whose rules would have to be extended by analogy from discipline of Company Limited by Shares.
Berlinghini, Maurizio. "Rigenerazione urbana e sociale nei contesti di edilizia residenziale pubblica - Dallo studio dell'esperienza bolognese del "Contratto di Quartiere Pescarola-Beverara" verso rinnovati strumenti operativi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17160/.
Full textVALZER, AMEDEO. "Gli "ibridi finanziari": critica ad una categoria concettuale." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/92.
Full textVALZER, AMEDEO. "Gli "ibridi finanziari": critica ad una categoria concettuale." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/92.
Full textTrenti, Enrico <1983>. "Le società pubbliche a partecipazione regionale e locale operanti nei settori dei servizi pubblici locali e dei servizi “strumentali” e quelle con scopo lucrativo: la recente evoluzione legislativa, gli ambiti di attività ed i relativi limiti, le prospettive future." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4687/5/Trenti_Enrico_tesi.pdf.
Full textIn the first part, it aims to provide a nearly exhaustive list of the main provisions of public companies of regional and local level operating in the field of local public services and their legal and doctrinal interpretation, building on the recent legislative actions. In the second part , is faced, however, the issue of legislative limits the capacity for action of public companies and related questions of interpretation, in light of the jurisprudential and doctrinal. In particular, the analysis is for the art. Decree 13 of the "Bersani" and paragraph 9 of article. 23 bis (now slavishly transfused in the paragraph of Article 33. 4 of Decree Law 138/2011), ie the main provisions that define, respectively, the capacity of action of society (public participation) equipment and those working in the field of services Local public holders of direct loans (assentiti public in different ways by the evidence). Provides an outline of classification in relation to the cd. process of reorganization of the public company shares provided by the Finance Act of 2008 (Article 3, paragraphs 27 to 32). The combined effect of these rules, as interpreted by the Constitutional and administrative jurisprudential, are obtained, then, useful information regarding the extent to which local governments can set up companies with lucrative purposes only (ie, corporate entities with no relationship instrumentality or participants with local constituents, called to work in a competitive, in sectors fully liberalized ) and company cd. multi-utilities (whose corporate purpose complex, whose activity is manifested both in the field of instrumental services as in the interest of local public services), and in relation to the regime applicable to the activity of these corporate entities. The ultimate purpose of the contribution consists in identifying guidelines for the classification of public companies according to their activities.
Trenti, Enrico <1983>. "Le società pubbliche a partecipazione regionale e locale operanti nei settori dei servizi pubblici locali e dei servizi “strumentali” e quelle con scopo lucrativo: la recente evoluzione legislativa, gli ambiti di attività ed i relativi limiti, le prospettive future." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4687/.
Full textIn the first part, it aims to provide a nearly exhaustive list of the main provisions of public companies of regional and local level operating in the field of local public services and their legal and doctrinal interpretation, building on the recent legislative actions. In the second part , is faced, however, the issue of legislative limits the capacity for action of public companies and related questions of interpretation, in light of the jurisprudential and doctrinal. In particular, the analysis is for the art. Decree 13 of the "Bersani" and paragraph 9 of article. 23 bis (now slavishly transfused in the paragraph of Article 33. 4 of Decree Law 138/2011), ie the main provisions that define, respectively, the capacity of action of society (public participation) equipment and those working in the field of services Local public holders of direct loans (assentiti public in different ways by the evidence). Provides an outline of classification in relation to the cd. process of reorganization of the public company shares provided by the Finance Act of 2008 (Article 3, paragraphs 27 to 32). The combined effect of these rules, as interpreted by the Constitutional and administrative jurisprudential, are obtained, then, useful information regarding the extent to which local governments can set up companies with lucrative purposes only (ie, corporate entities with no relationship instrumentality or participants with local constituents, called to work in a competitive, in sectors fully liberalized ) and company cd. multi-utilities (whose corporate purpose complex, whose activity is manifested both in the field of instrumental services as in the interest of local public services), and in relation to the regime applicable to the activity of these corporate entities. The ultimate purpose of the contribution consists in identifying guidelines for the classification of public companies according to their activities.
Liace, Gianfranco. "Le operazioni con parti correlate." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200760.
Full textPONTEPRINO, GABRIELE. "IL CONCORSO MORALE . IL PROBLEMATICO RISCONTRO DELLA CAUSALITÀ PSICHICA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1058332.
Full textAntonucci, Elisabetta. "Insorgenze: sperimentazioni, reinterpretazioni, pratiche di riappropriazione nella città complessa." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423941.
Full textIl progetto si colloca nel quadro di tensione tra progressivo espandersi di logiche di accumulo del capitale che si manifestano nella tendenza alla privatizzazione del territorio e dei servizi, nell'erosione dello spazio di azione e di partecipazione degli abitanti e il prendere forma di tentativi di alimentare un cambiamento a partire da un’idea di gestione delle questioni urbane come esito del coinvolgimento di una pluralità di punti di vista anziché come contenuto specifico di un attore. Attraverso l'osservazione di due contesti insorgenti individuati nell'area di Venezia il lavoro ha rivolto l’attenzione da un lato a tali cambiamenti in termini di riconfigurazione dello spazio urbano, relazionale, decisionale inteso come margine di azione e di scelta degli abitanti, dall’altro ai processi attraverso cui si alimentano. In questa prospettiva i contesti sono stati intesi come dispositivi di avvio di processi di apprendimento-capacitazione attraverso il coinvolgimento delle società locali nel ragionamento collettivo sulla città, nella sperimentazione di pratiche di rigenerazione, di forme di reinvenzione, progettazione e gestione dello spazio urbano come ambiti di produzione e riproduzione di saperi, capacità, competenze essenziali nel tentare di tracciare un percorso verso la riassegnazione alla dimensione territoriale locale e ai suoi abitanti della capacità di organizzarsi e di uno spazio decisionale costantemente eroso, allontanato, annullato.
TUTTOBENE, Maria. "La contrattazione aziendale come leva di produttività e competitività. Il caso Augustawestland s.p.a." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/30732.
Full textThe present dissertation has been drafted over a three-year Industrial Doctoral Programme and based on an internship agreement signed with the HR Department - Industrial and Employee Relations - at AgustaWestland S.p.A. of the Finmeccanica Group, which manufactures helicopters. The research project was concerned with the supplementary company-level agreement concluded on 26 March 2013. It was carried out considering a single case study and making use of different techniques to collect data, which included interviews at division managers and collection of documentation in order to cast light on organisational and contractual issues within the company. In an awareness of the low levels of productivity and competitiveness recorded in Italy, the research study focused on the way companies - with a sound system of industrial relations based on collaboration and participation – can resort to decentralised bargaining to put in place different initiatives to boost productivity and competitiveness in the labour market. The position taken by the research project is in line with those which welcome a strengthening of decentralised bargaining, particularly at company level, as this level of bargaining is considered as a privileged channel to fulfil the needs of each productive context, with actors who can be regarded as business partners. The dissertation consists of 5 chapters: Chapter No 1 deals with the dynamics which characterised the conclusion of the new company-level agreement, while the other four consider the terms and contents of the agreement, especially: flexible working time, work-life balance, job grading and skills promotion, individual and collective payment by results, vocational apprenticeships as a tool for youth to enter the labour market.
MARZETTA, CRISTIAN. "ENTI TERRITORIALI MINORI NELL'ARCHITETTURA EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40682.
Full textDuring last decades, two trends have been underlined in Europe: laws on local authorities (municipalities, provinces and metropolitan areas) are getting less differing, enhancing the role of these entities (except for the phase following latest economic crisis) and we see a progressive transfer of decision-making powers from National States to European Union. It’s interesting – as it was done in this study – to understand how the two trends are connected and, particularly, how the European Union influences local authorities of member States. In order to appreciate differences and underline trends who associate different systems (also in the light of recent reforms), the analysis is focused on the evolution of legislation about local authorities, not only in Italy, but also in other States of European Union, Then, turning to European Union legislation, particular attention is dedicated not only to general principles listed into primary law, but also to the analysis of specific policies endowed with consideration for the role of local levels (primarily the policies about economic, social and territorial cohesion). In this way, a data comparison was made possible to understand whether the reforms interesting local authorities in recent past has been generated by legislation, by policies and actions of European Union, and to what extent. Finally, an attempt to outline the possible and future role of local Authorities into European architecture has been made, in a potential multi-level federalism perspective.
MARZETTA, CRISTIAN. "ENTI TERRITORIALI MINORI NELL'ARCHITETTURA EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40682.
Full textDuring last decades, two trends have been underlined in Europe: laws on local authorities (municipalities, provinces and metropolitan areas) are getting less differing, enhancing the role of these entities (except for the phase following latest economic crisis) and we see a progressive transfer of decision-making powers from National States to European Union. It’s interesting – as it was done in this study – to understand how the two trends are connected and, particularly, how the European Union influences local authorities of member States. In order to appreciate differences and underline trends who associate different systems (also in the light of recent reforms), the analysis is focused on the evolution of legislation about local authorities, not only in Italy, but also in other States of European Union, Then, turning to European Union legislation, particular attention is dedicated not only to general principles listed into primary law, but also to the analysis of specific policies endowed with consideration for the role of local levels (primarily the policies about economic, social and territorial cohesion). In this way, a data comparison was made possible to understand whether the reforms interesting local authorities in recent past has been generated by legislation, by policies and actions of European Union, and to what extent. Finally, an attempt to outline the possible and future role of local Authorities into European architecture has been made, in a potential multi-level federalism perspective.
SCOLA, SARA. "L'acquisto dei diritti di credito nel regime della comunione legale." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/723362.
Full textThe present study’s objective is the analysis of an issue that has been quite debated recently both by legal scholars as well as by the case law, respectively the acquisition of entitlements in the community of property in Italy. More precisely, we intend to establish whether within the concept of ‘acquisition’ referred to in art. 177, 1) a) of the Italian civil code, we could also include not only the property rights but also the entitlement rights.The research is inspired by a historical framing of the issue, more exactly by the antique Oltrape’s coutumes but also by the travaux preparatoires of the Napoleon Code wherefrom it results that the clear intention was that of including entitlements in the community of property.Starting from that point we continue by analyzing the doctrinal approach as well as the manners in which the debate was articulated in the case law and we observe that up to present times, a trend of continuous questioning has surrounded the debate.The legal literature shows mainly three approaches of the issue. Some authors believe that the upper mentioned concept of acquisitions could only be effective as to property rights having as main argument the many practical difficulties in applying an opposite thesis. Others commentators on the other hand underline that it would not be possible to exclude such an important category as the entitlements from the area of acquisitions in the community of property; furthermore, the exceptions/difficulties that seem to arise whilst applying the opposite thesis might be seen in a different light if the legal provisions would be righteously interpreted. Finally, in a rather intermediate position lies the reasoning of those according to which entitlements are able to be part of the community of property, but amongst those, one should distinguish between debts which would be only instrumental for the acquisitions of other rights and only include the first category in the community of property.The case law had traditionally been oriented towards the restrictive approach but now, due to some important decisions that admitted including entitlements both in the restrictive as well as in the extensive approach in the community of property, the tendency is starting to shift away from the exclusion view. Our study has exactly the purpose of analysing such different approaches and our purpose is to show that the correct approach is that the community of property can be applicable to entitlements; we shall also try to prove that entitlements coming from contracts to which one of the spouses is a party could be extended to the other spouse, since the community of property shall only be applicable to such an individual right and not to the entire contractual position of the spouse signing the contract.We also analysed the issue from a comparative law perspective whilst reflecting more intensely upon the French solutions. Pursuant to the French system, there seems to be no debate around the fact that the community of property could include entitlements, even though; solutions might be adapted from one case to another. In addition to an analysis of the general framework, we also studied the most interesting applications of the issue.Particularly, as for the case of entitlements deriving from a contract where one of the spouse makes a promissory acquisition, it has been demonstrated that such an instrument should also belong to the other spouse, despite the fact that the rules applicable to the administration of the common properties belonging to the two spouses impose a common exercise of some rights.Participation in companies one the other hand could not have been included into a coherent line of thought. They shall either belong to the ‘immediate community of property’ or to the ‘residual community of property’ depending on the type of company the spouse participates in (and mostly depending on the type of liability and on the fact whether art. 178 of the civil code would or would not be applicable).Finally, a particular analysis has been dedicated to the bank accounts, especially deposits, considering that such a deposit would only determine a ‘transfer of richness’ and not the inclusion in the patrimony of a good susceptible of increasing the common patrimony. However, the nature of the money in the deposit and moreover, the header of the bank account determine the adoption of possible different solutions.
Guirado, Sara. "Rileggere i diritti di partecipazione delle adolescenti in chiave pedagogica. Una ricerca qualitativa con sessantaquattro ragazze italiane e spagnole." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1235914.
Full textPAOLINI, ALESSANDRA. "Assunzione di partecipazioni e modificazioni di fatto dell'oggetto sociale." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/413734.
Full textBLATTNER, Hans Roderich. "SOCIETÀ A PARTECIPAZIONE PUBBLICA E RESPONSABILITÀ DEGLI AMMINISTRATORI." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/954832.
Full textThis work regards the phenomenon of the Italian “government-owned” companies, with specific reference to the current problems concerning the jurisdiction over the misconducts of the Director of these companies. The first chapter is focused on the examination of the various types of government-owned companies, as the “in house” companies; the “mixed” companies; the listed companies and the companies with a so-called “singular” Statute (as RAI S.p.a., ANAS S.p.a, ENAV S.p.a, Patrimonio dello Stato S.p.a. and ARCUS S.p.a). In particular, after a short overview of the historical evolution of the phenomenon, highlighting its disjointed and fragmentary nature, the analysis of this work is concentrated on the specific characteristics of the abovementioned corporate models and on the relevant copious regulation issued during the years, until the recent entry into force of the “Testo Unico” – September 23rd, 2016 – with d.lgs. n. 175/2016. The second part of the work is dedicated to the notion of “public finance damage” (the so-said “danno erariale”) through the close examination of each constitutive element of the so-said “Public Administration liability” and of all the theories developed to qualify its nature (if a penalty or a compensative one). The last chapter is focused on the study of the case law evolution concerning the jurisdiction over the Director of the government-owned companies whose misconducts have damaged the company assets or the shareholder public authority. In particular, this work concentrates its attention on the analysis of the motivations of the most important pronouncement concerning the abovementioned matter, starting from the popular judicial decision n. 19667/2003 issued by the Italian Corte di Cassazione a Sezioni Unite until the leading cases n. 26806/2009 (that has changed the previous case law, stating, on a general way, the jurisdiction of an ordinary court) and n. 27092/2009 and n. 22683/2013 (concerning the companies with a so-called “singular” Statute and the so-called in house companies, respectively and introducing a principle that, notwithstanding the 2009 case law, has stated the jurisdiction of the Accountant Judge). This work has therefore provided for an incisive analysis of the new art. 12 of the abovementioned d.lgs. 175/2016 that has crystallized, on a regulatory way, the principles concerning the jurisdiction and de facto has created a “double rail" system. In particular, essentially accepting the principles declared by the abovementioned decisions n. 26806/2009 and 22683/2013, this provision has stated the jurisdiction of the ordinary court, in case of damages caused by the Directors of the “government-owned” companies; while the jurisdiction of the Accountant Judge in case of “public finance damage” caused by those conducts that have damaged the shareholder authorities (even in case of negligent exercise of the shareholder’s rights as per civil code) or by the management of the so-said in house companies (as defined by the new art art. 16 of d.lgs. 175/2016). The last paragraphs are therefore dedicated to the study of the principal cases of the so-said “direct” damage suffered by the shareholder authorities (damages to the imagine and damages due to the negligent exercise of the shareholder’s rights by the representatives of the public shareholder authorities) and to the analysis of the thorny issue concerning the jurisdiction of the Accountant judge on those conducts with an entrepreneurial nature made by the Directors of the so-said in house companies.
SALTARELLI, SALVATORE. "Comunione legale tra coniugi e partecipazioni sociali: la posizione del coniuge non acquirente." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1108199.
Full textMACCARI, MARIA VIRGINIA. "Patto di famiglia e parti necessarieLa partecipazione dei legittimari fra donation-partage e modello italiano." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/400335.
Full textLaw 55/2006 (entitled “Amendments to the Civil Code dealing with “Patto di Famiglia”), which came into force on March 16th 2006, amended the Italian Civil Code by creating the legal institute of “patto di famiglia”, which aim is to allow the transfer of enterprise or shareholdings during the life of the enterpreurner and entails an exception to inheritance rules. Many interpretative problems arise from the unclear phrasing of the new regulation; among these the most relevant one - both in theory and in practice - relates to the identification of the necessary parties of the “patto di famiglia”, whose defect of consent leads to voidness of the contract. In particular, it is not certain whether the spouse and the persons entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate to whom the enterprise and/or the shares are not assigned must participate to the contract. Namely, since the first paragraph of article 768-quater CC, provides that “the spouse and any person who would be entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate existing at the time of the conclusion of the agreement must participate to the agreement”, some authors argue that the persons entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate should give their consent to the “patto di famiglia”, while, according to others, those have just to attend its conclusion. Three theories were formulated with regard to articles 768 bis, 768 quater, paragraph 1 and 768 paragraph 1 CC. According to both first and second theory, the persons entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate must be a party to the “patto di famiglia”, however, while according to the former their participation is not essential, for the latter the lack of the participation of the persons entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate existing at the time of the conclusion of the agreement makes the contract void. A third point of view assumes the ‘patto di famiglia’ as a special contract for the benefit of third parties: the participation to the contract of any person who is not assignee of the enterprise and/or the shares and would be entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate is considered to be required by art. 768 quater CC for a different purpose than the participation of the disposing ascendant and assignee descendant (art. 768 bis). Namely, whilst the presence of the latters is necessary for the validity of the contract, the agreement of the persons who would be entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate and are not assignees is required in order to make the agreement enforceable towards them and to convert the share of the testator’s estate reserved by law for certain heirs into the right to receive its monetary value, which has to be calculated considering the enterprise and/or the shareholdings’ value. The doctoral thesis analyses the matter above also with reference to the French succession system, paying particular attention to the donation partage, provided by Art. 1076 and following of the Code civil, and to the role the persons who would be entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate have in relation to such legal institute under French law since its first enacting in 1804. The research leads to the conclusion that the participation of the persons entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate non-assegnees is required for the validity of the contract. The regulation of “patto di famiglia” appears to be inspired by the criterion of the compulsory involvement at law of all persons entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate existing at a given time, because of the relevancy of the their interests at stake: far from being considered mere parties of the contract, they must be regarded as essential parties instead, whose consent is necessary for the validity of the “patto di famiglia” (Art. 1418, paragraph 1, of the Civil Code). Therefore, if one of the persons entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate cannot or does not want to participate to the agreement, it will not be possibile to conclude the “patto di famiglia” ; instead, the enterprises’s and/or the enterprises shareholdings’ transfer should be guaranteed by using different kinds of contractual agreements. This conclusion also seems to be confirmed by the unsuccessful attempts made to amend the Italian “patto di famiglia” regulation over 2011. Namely, all the legislative initiatives providing the amendment of Art. 768, letter d) CC, concerning the “participation” to the ‘patto di famiglia’, layed out the possibility for the agreement to be drawn up also without the presence of all the persons entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate. Such proposals seem to confirm the fact that the regulation now in force subordinates the validity of the “patto di famiglia” to the consent of the persons entitled by law to a share of the deceased’s estate.